DIGITIZED BY: ADITYA KAPOOR (ME 14203003), ME Water Resources Engineering

PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh

EXPERIEMENT NO. 11

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: - Flow through a variable area duct.

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: - Verification of Bernoullis Theorem.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: - Variable area duct with connections to piezometer tubes at

different sections, supply water tank, discharge measuring tank, stop watch, meter rod.

THEORY: - For inviscid, incompressible, irrotational and steady flow, the total head remain
constant, i.e.

Z1 +

P1
w

v1 2
2g

= Z2 +

P2
w

v2 2
2g

= H (constant)

Where,
H is the total head,

Z1, Z2 are the datum heads,

P1
w

P2
w

are the static heads and

v1 2 v2 2
2g

2g

are the kinetic heads.

PROCEDURE:(i) Draw the elevation and plan of the variable area duct by measuring the dimensions. The
position of piezometers should also be noted.
(ii) Note the dimensions of measuring tank.
(iii) Inflow and outflow be regulated to achieve steady state conditions for a flow run.
(iv) Note the piezometric heads at all piezometers and obtain p/w values
(v) Ascertain the discharge Q through the variable area duct using the volumetric method
i.e. noting the rise of water level in a particular time.
(vi) By varying the discharge, follow the steps from (i) to (v) above, for 2-3 sets.

DIGITIZED BY: ADITYA KAPOOR (ME 14203003), ME Water Resources Engineering

PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh

DIGITIZED BY: ADITYA KAPOOR (ME 14203003), ME Water Resources Engineering

PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh

OBSERVATIONS:Area of measuring tank =

Table 1 Measurement of discharge flowing through the duct.
Run No.
1
2
3

Initial level

Final level

Time

Discharge

Table 2: Computation of total head.

Run
No.

Particulars

Piezometric head at various piezometric

tubes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Distance from inlet

C.S. Area of duct
Average velocity (v)
v1 2
Velocity head (
)
2g
Datum head (Z)
Pressure head (p/w)
P v2
Total head = Z + +
w 2g

SAMPLE CALCULATION:-

Plot a graph illustrating T.E.L and H.G.L along the direction of flow in the duct.

DISCUSSIONS:-

DIGITIZED BY: ADITYA KAPOOR (ME 14203003), ME Water Resources Engineering

PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh