Gunung Slamet Geothermal Prospect

Comprehensive Exercise
PT. UNSOED Geothermal Energy
Gunung Slamet Geothermal Prospect
Exploration Geochemistry Exercise

Put your skills as an exploration geologist to the test.
You have one geothermal prospect associated with an andesitic stratovolcano
and sampled thermal waters and fumaroles.
You have conducted 3G survey and five exploration wells were drilled.
With the results of the geochemistry, geophysics, and drilling, you can develop
a conceptual model of the system.

Thermal Areas at the
Gunung Slamet Geothermal
Prospect
Hot Springs
Fumarole 2
Fumarole 1
Thermal Area Geochemical Data

Fumaroles data
Total
noncondensible
gas
Sample Name
Sample Label
Fumarole 2
Fumarole 1
Fumarole 2
Fumarole 1
mole percent of dry gas in analysis
weight percent NCG Elevation

2.214
1.29
Temp.
CO2
100
130
96.00
70.6
H2S
NH3
1.23
0.02
25.37 0.0473
Ar
N2
CH4
H2
0.02
0.02
1.95
2.8
0.14
0.11
1.00
0.07
% air
contam
0.141
0.009
Hot Spring Data

Sample
Label
Hot Springs
1
Elevati
Temp
on
m
(C)
95
pH
Li+
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Mg2+
SiO2
Cl-
F-
SO42-
HCO3-
NH4+
As
1150
1.3
39.0
19
0.170
4.30
Fe
ppm
8.5
5.3
727
90.0
34.0
0.37
231
44.00
Comprehensive Exercise (Task 1)
Based on thermal manifestation geochemistry data:

Evaluate the geochemistry with SreadSheet Powell.
Make the following plots:
Cl-SO4-HCO3, NKM, SiO2/K-Mg
N2-CO2-AR, CH4-CO2-H2S, HAR-CAR, FT-CO2, FT-HSH
Estimate the reservoir temperature from Geo-thermometer calculation.

Determine the simple map of up flow area, outflow area, potential reservoir
boundaries, and prospect risks.
Based on the previous assessments, answer these questions:

Would you pursue this prospect as a contract area?
What are the chances this prospect hosts a developable steam cap?
How many exploration wells would you drill before dropping the contract
area?
Comprehensive Exercise NKMg & Cl-HCO3-SO4 Plot
Comprehensive Exercise Geothermometry Table
Sample Name
Hot Springs 1
Liquid Geothermometry Report (degreeC)

Na-K-Ca Mg
Na/K
Quartz cond Na-K-Ca
corr
Fournier
190.8
216.2
216.1
236.0
Na/K
Truesdell
211.7
Na/K
(Giggenbach)
249.9
Comprehensive Exercise N2-CO2-Ar Plot
Comprehensive Exercise CH4-CO2-H2S Plot
10
Comprehensive Exercise HAR-CAR Plot
11
Comprehensive Exercise FT-CO2 Plot
12
Comprehensive Exercise FT-HSH Plot
13

Estimate the reservoir temperature.
Create a simple map identifying upflow, outflow,
potential reservoir boundaries, and prospect risks
14

Identify
upflow,
outflow, potential
reservoir boundaries,

Based on the distribution of thermal areas and geochemistry
Would you pursue this prospect as a contract area?
What are the chances this prospect hosts a developable steam cap?
How many exploration wells would you drill before dropping the
contract area?
16

Determine resistivity boundari from MT:
Please pick the low resistivity low from 4 MT profile
Use the 7 ohm as giudence for Base of Conductive
After pick the low resistivity layer from MT profile, make the
distribution of low resistivity layer into map view
17
Comprehensive Exercise - Exploration Drilling (Task 7)

An MT-TDEM survey was run over the prospective area, outlining a broad resistivity anomaly.
A map and cross sections are provided.
How do the results of this survey change your assessment of the prospect?
UNSOED Geothermal Company wants to prove up sufficient area for a 55 MW project.
Rank the priority of the five exploration wells that have been sited? What order would
you drill them in?
Well
Priority
Drilling Sequence
SLM-1
SLM-2
SLM-3
SLM-4
SLM-5
20
Outline of Resistivity
Anomaly
Hot Springs
Fumarole 2
Legend
Fumarole 1
Hot Spring
Fumarole
Exploration
Well
Rank Priority and

Create Drilling
Sequence for the
Five Exploration
Wells
Hot Springs
Fumarole 2
Legend
Fumarole 1
Hot Spring
Fumarole
Exploration
Well
22
Comprehensive Exercise - Conceptual Modeling

The five exploration wells have been drilled, each to 2000 m subsea, yielding data on
reservoir temperatures, permeability, and chemistry.
Briefly summarize some of the key features, including geochemical aspects, of each of the five
exploration wells.
On copies of the map, contour (1) NKC Geothermometry, (2) reservoir Cl concentrations, and
(3) reservoir Cl/B concentrations.
Create a conceptual model of the field in a map and along the two cross sections, showing
Reservoir Boundaries, Temperatures, Upflow, Outflow, Potential Steam Cap Region, and Geochemical
Risks
23
Comprehensive Exercise - Conceptual Modeling Temperature Profiles &

Feedzone
Well
Major
Feedzone
(elevation)
Temperature
1500
SLM-1
- 500
180
1000
SLM-2
-300
245
-1000
255
SLM-3
-1000
230
SLM-4
-1000
235
SLM-5
-500
245
-1000
270
Gunung Selamet Temperature Profiles
SLM-1
Elevation
500
SLM-2
0
SLM-3L
SLM-4
-500
SLM-5
-1000
BPD, 1 % ncg
-1500
-2000
0
50
100
150
200
Temp, C
250
300
350
Based on PT data, determine the major feedzon in each well and the temperature in each well.
24
Comprehensive Exercise - Conceptual Modeling Wells Chemistry Data

Wells Brine Chemistry
Cl-
SO42-
HCO3-
NH4+
sum
cations
sum
anions
Charge
Balance
80.0
3800
33
62
2.0
240.0
11000
18
30
4.0
170.0
8500
19
44
4.5
550.0
400.0
13000
18
38
8.0
500.0
160.0
7500
140
5.0
110.72
319.19
238.59
365.24
210.33
108.90
311.18
240.90
367.73
214.56
1%
1%
0%
0%
-1%
pH
Li+
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Mg2+
Manifestasi
6.58
4.0
2000
270
320.0
2.0
400.0
SLM-2
Manifestasi
6.72
20.0
6000
1100
540.0
0.1
700.0
SLM-3
Manifestasi
6.7
15.0
4500
800
400.0
0.1
600.0
SLM-4
Manifestasi
6.6
23.0
7000
1150
550.0
1.6
SLM-5
Manifestasi
3.00
14.0
4000
900
200.0
0.6
Sample Name
Source
SLM-1
SiO2
ppm
Gas Brine Chemistry

Total noncondensible gas
mole percent of dry gas in analysis
Sample Label
weight
percent
CO2
H2S
NH3
Ar
N2
CH4
H2
% air contam
SLM-1
SLM-2
SLM-3
SLM-4
SLM-5
0.2
0.6
0.87
1.1
1.7
88.00
90.50
90.70
92.00
92.00
8.30
6.70
6.50
4.60
7.00
2.100
1.000
0.800
0.90
0.20
0.014
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.9
0.7
0.8
0.70
1.00
0.50
0.90
1.00
1.50
0.20
0.50
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.10
0.500
0.002
1.000
0.200
0.200
Based on chemistry data, pleas input the chemistry data to SpreadSheet Powell.
Make several element ratio from chemistry data such as Cl/B ratio and CO2/H2S ratio
25
Comprehensive Exercise - Conceptual Modeling (Task 9)

Based on PT and chemistry datas make briefly summarize some of the key features, including
geochemical aspects, of each of the five exploration wells:
SLM-1
SLM-2
SLM-3 SLM-4 SLM-5 -
26

Based on Chemistry and
Geothermometers data from well. Make
several contour map:
Contour Reservoir Cl
Contour Cl/B ratio
Contour Reservoir NKC
Geothermometry
Contour CO2/H2S
Contour NH3
Hot Springs
SLM-1
SLM-2
SLM-4
SLM-3
Fumarole 2
SLM-5
Legend
Fumarole 1
Hot Spring
Fumarole
Exploration
Well

Make Contour Reservoir Cl
Hot Springs
SLM-1
SLM-2
SLM-4
SLM-3
Fumarole 2
SLM-5
Legend
Fumarole 1
Hot Spring
Fumarole
Exploration
Well

Make contour Reservoir NKC Geothermometry
Hot Springs
SLM-1
SLM-2
SLM-4
SLM-3
Fumarole 2
SLM-5
Legend
Fumarole 1
Hot Spring
Fumarole
Exploration
Well

Make contour Reservoir CO2/H2s ratio
Hot Springs
SLM-1
SLM-2
SLM-4
SLM-3
Fumarole 2
SLM-5
Legend
Fumarole 1
Hot Spring
Fumarole
Exploration
Well

Make Contour Cl/B ratio
Hot Springs
SLM-1
SLM-2
SLM-4
SLM-3
Fumarole 2
SLM-5
Legend
Fumarole 1
Hot Spring
Fumarole
Exploration
Well

Make contour Reservoir CO2/H2s ratio
Hot Springs
SLM-1
SLM-2
SLM-4
SLM-3
Fumarole 2
SLM-5
Legend
Fumarole 1
Hot Spring
Fumarole
Exploration
Well

Make contour Reservoir Gas NH3
Hot Springs
SLM-1
SLM-2
SLM-4
SLM-3
Fumarole 2
SLM-5
Legend
Fumarole 1
Hot Spring
Fumarole
Exploration
Well
Show Reservoir Boundaries,

Temperature line
Upflow
Outflow
Potential Steam Cap Region
Geochemical Risks
Hot Springs
SLM-1
SLM-2
SLM-4
SLM-3
Fumarole 2
SLM-5
Legend
Fumarole 1
Hot Spring
Fumarole
Exploration
Well

Outline of Resistivity Anomaly
Hot Springs
SLM-1
SLM-2
SLM-4
SLM-3
Fumarole 2
SLM-5
Legend
Fumarole 1
Hot Spring
Fumarole
Exploration
Well
Feedzone Location
Temperature line
Upflow
Outflow
Geochemical Risks
SLM-5
SLM-1
Hot Springs
SLM-2
Fumarole 2
Fumarole 1
Feedzone Location
Temperature line
Upflow
Outflow
Geochemical Risks

Hot Springs
SLM-1
SLM-2
SLM-4
SLM-3
Fumarole 2
SLM-5
Legend
Fumarole 1
Hot Spring
Fumarole
Exploration
Well

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Comprehensive Exercise

PT. UNSOED Geothermal Energy