New! ~~IUSiVe!

PullOutPlans
Toy Train
Greatest Show on Earth
12

'4470 12727

'

STRIKES AGAIN!
FAMOUS " MINI- L1GNO "
MADEIN GERMANY
~
~

DRI -

l:4i'i1

i >-/-:

r -";' 1

50PREPAIDTO YOU

, " : _. 1)

o.

:Ii;t ,

'rt'IT - ~ - ;

r ,'.

518.50

Prevents resin build-

MODEL G1751 10 oz. Bou te

ONLY

PREPAIDTOYOU

,-

IfJll"

MODEL G 1630

If/ I

ONLy$ 5

1,1_1(j1-' II '
Predrill holes for woodscre ws easi y an
correctly the first time' This very high
quality set is made in Japan .
MODEL G1728

539.95

PREPAIDTOYOU

Sold elsew her e for $89.95

.'f

1\'

58.95

THE INCREDIBLE " SHOPHELPER"

ANTI-KICKBACK DEVICE .

ill

You've rea d
aboul it,
you've heard
aboul iITHI S IS ONE
DYNAM ITE
JIGI

This incredible product

was tormulated
speciallytor woodworking.
Keeps machine
surfaces clean without
affecting the wood.

up on blades.
Keeps bladescooler and
smoother cuffing

Enlarge or reduce images right on the wood

acc urately. Comes with a scribe point &
lead. Made in Japan.
MODEL G1731

MODEL G1491
" MINI-L1GNO" MOISTURE METER
ONLY$98

DOWELING JIG

DRI-COTE
LUBRICANT

MOISTURE METER

PREPAID TO YOU

750

PREPAID TO YOU

ALSO AVAILABLE: Green snophelpers for

shapersl Used as holddowns, thesegreen
shop helpers are very popularWith shaper
Price
Breakthrough!

owners.

Model G1578 Only 57.50 Prepaid to you

Cleanly trim laminates, veneers and

plastics. Available in beveled or square cut.
MODEL G1729
MODEL G1730
SQUARE
BEVELED

518.50

PREPAID TO YOU

MOBILE BASES
Made right here in the U.S.A, these superb quality bases are made specia lly to fit our Grizzly mach ines. Positive locking on
the wheels prevents the mach ine from "sliding" around when being used.
Please check the sizes below as these bases will fit many other machines on the market. If in doubt, please call our
customer service line and we will be giad to check out a base to see if it would fit your mach ine.

GRIZZLY MACHINE
MODEL NO.

MOBILE
BASE
MODEL NO.

INSIDE DIM.
OF BASES

PR ICE
PREPAID TO YOU

G1022

Tablesaw

G1739

21 'h''Wx17,!,''D

s 89.95

G1023

Tablesaw

G1740

20W'Wx20'h"D

89.95

G1019

14" Bandsaw

G1741

193fo''Wx175fs"D

89.95

G1538

16 " Bandsaw

G1742

24'h''Wx21W'D

89.95

G1012

18" Bandsaw

G1743

25'/8''Wx23''D

89.95

G1182

6" Jointer

G1744

163fo''Wx13''D

89.95

G1018

8" Jointer

G1745

24W'Wx17W'D

89.95

G1024

'12" Shaper

G1746

16W'Wx19'h"D

89.95

G1026

1" Shaper

G1747

G1021

15" Planer

G1748

22 '/2''Wx21 3fo''D
25W'Wx253fo"D

89.95

G1033

20" Planer

G1749

28W'Wx24 '1s"D

169.95

G1014

6 /9 Sander

G1750

163fo''Wx155fs''D

89.95

G1535

18" Scroll Saw

G1750

163fo''Wx155fs''D

89.95

NEW TOLL FREE LINES

EAST OF THE
MISSISSIPPI:

1-800-523-GRRR
(717) 326-3806

89.95

(FOR ORDERS AND CATALOG REQUESTS ONLY)

(For Orders & Catalogs Only) -+

(For Inquiries & Customer Service ) -+

++-

ROLL 'EM AWAY!

WEST OF THE
MISSISSIPPI:

1-800-541-5537
(206) 647-0801
88162

Issue #46

December/Jan uary 1989

The Bi rth of a Bowl

30

by Hugh Foster

Wood Types

Ash

36

by S. Reed Poverny

A Popular Woodworking Project

The Greatest Show on Earth

by John A. Nelson

54

22

A Popular Woodworking Project

A Toy Train

57

by John A. Nelson

A Popular Woodworking Project

A Walnut Dining Table

by Graham Blackburn

60

Japanese Hand Saws

by Bruce Taylor

65

65

A Popular Woodworking Project

Child's Cupboard

68

by Jacob Schulzinger

Focus on Carving

Creating Motion in Sculpture

by William H. McMaster

71

68

A Popular Woodworking Project

Spaghetti Measure by Devore 0. Burch

The 1988 National Hardware Show

76
by Hugh Foster

-"Golumns~---~

78

~$fill@m>%iMMiMWlmMm0'. .a!W1h1Et5]Efm.r.fj@WrtEirrm:O R%the@Gove~~

As you can see , Ed Moulthrop likes to turn large
objects. His famous bowls are collected by museums, politicians and celebrities around the world .
Here, he's work ing on a stemmed chalice that is
60" high X 33" diameter made of highly figured
tulipwood . The stem was rough-turned separately from the bowl , but is attached for the finish
turning. The stem is also hollow , with walls that
are about 3/4" thick to facilitate PEG penetration
and subsequent drying. On page 30, Hugh Foster
discusses Moulthrop's process as a witness to
"The Birth of a Bowl. "

4
10
14
16
18

22
86
t
.~

~
-s

'"

a.

>.c

(;

Clear Cuts
Tricks of the Trade
Book Reviews
Videoscene
The Business End
Tried and True
Out of the Woodwork

thblli-Depalime tS#W@iiMi~'twtffiiW
82
82
84

Calendar
Index to Advertisers
Classified

s:

c.

Decem ber/January 1989

Popular Woodworking Staff

Editorial
David M. Camp Editor
Wien Chod Managing Editor
Jeffrey Burr Associate Editor
J.A. Newell Editorial Assistant
I recentl y learned fro m PBS that man is no longer co nsidere d to
be the only creature that uses tools. For a long time. anthropo log ists
had been saying that the ability to mak e and use tools was the one
feature that set us apart from the rest of the animal kingdom . Oth er
critters have thumbs; many have languages. You 've see n Koko the
gorilla using sign language to comm unicate with peopl e in Eng lish.
Jane Goodall tell s us that chimpanzees poke sticks down ant
hole s to make ant pop sicles, and she sugges ts that this is a tool. Th e
monkey ' s mind has conceived a device that could fulfill a spec ific
function. I might poi nt out to Jan e that he also saved a bundl e and
showed prudent environment a l concern by makin g it from local
material s. Now I g uess they'll have to say that it's our ability to pick
ties that match our shirts that makes us superior.
Plea se understand; I don 't mean to put down monk eys in any
way . I've always appreciated how smart they are. and how sim ilar
they are to us. And I do believe that if yo u put eno ugh of them in
a room with enough typewri ter s and time. they' ll eve ntually co me
up with Gone with the Wind.
But I think it wo uld take them co nsiderably longer to co me up
with some of the tools we wo rk with.
A well thought o ut tool has a ce rtain subtlety and grace . Th e
chimpanzee doesn 't apprec iate the use of brass in a tool. He ca n't
really understand the satisfaction of an edge meetin g a surface and
executing a clean. effo rtless cut.
There' s just some thing about a we ll designed tool. Hand tools
in parti cular. are the most enjoyable study . How does this part fit
with that part ? Wh ere do you adju st this to do that ? How does it
work? The best tool s usuall y do one thin g and do it beauti full y. A
good tool feels right to use.
There' s a profound excitem ent to ge tting anew tool. It' s at lea st
as good as any toy on Chri stma s morning. It see ms kind of ironi c
to feel this way about some thing intend ed for work.
With a tool you're getting a new ab ility. It might be the ability
to cut preci se compound miters. change ang les and then cha nge
back with the sa me preci sion. Or it might be as simple as having the
capability to make a hole in a piece of wood . Wi th a new ability yo u
ga in new possibilitie s and ski lls.
All the chimpanzee has been able to manage is lunch.

Contributing Editors:
William H. McMaster
S. Reed Poverny
Hugh Foster
Alan Marks
James Barrett
John A. Nelson

Advertising
Wayne Lin Advertising Director
Debra Nowak Advertising Manager

Distribution
Gertrude Berkowitz

Circulation
Suzanne Eriksen
Popu lar Woodworkin g (ISSN 0884-8823 ) is
published bimonthly by EGW Publishing Co..
1300 Ga laxy Way. Conco rd. CA 94520 .
Second-class postage paid at Concord.
Ca lifornia and addit ional mailing offices,
POSTM AST ER send address changes to
Popular Woodworking. 1300 Galaxy Way.
Co nco rd. Ca lifornia 94520.
SU BSC RIPTIO NS:
A year's subsc ription is $ 17.00; two years'
worth is $30.00; out side of U.S.A. add $5.00/
year. Send all subsc riptions and correspondence
to:
Popular Woodworking
1300 Galaxy Way
Conco rd. CA 94520
Please allow 6 to 8 weeks for deliver y.
Copyright 1989 by EGW Publishing Co .
Rep rod uct ion without prior permission is
prohibited .
Unso licited manuscripts. photographs. artwork
and other materi als are acce pted. but Popular
Woodworking cannot assume responsibility for
these materials. Submi ssions must be
acco mpan icd by a selfaddressed. stamped
envelope for retu rn.
The opinions expressed by the authors do not
necessar ily refl ect the pol icy of Popular
Woodworking. Edito rial corresponden'ce is
encouraged . and may be ed ited for publication.
Direct all advertising inquirie s to:
Adverti sing Director. Popular Woodworking
1300 Ga laxy Way
Co ncord. CA 94 520
(4 15) 67 1-9852

Pop ular Wo odworkin g

RELIABLE DEPENDABLE MACHINERY

CARBIDE TIPPED ROUTER BITS

PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTION QUALITY

1000 's SOLD TO READ ERS O F FINE
ITEM
BEST CUT
BEST PRICE
NO.
DESCRIPTION RADIUS
COVE
1/4"
#01 1/4" R
3/8"
#02 3/8" R
1/2"
#03 1/2" R

~.

BRIDGEWOOD DUST COLLECTORS

BW-015A (1hp, 2 bag)
SF-015 (1hp, 2 bag) .
BW-002A l2hP, 2 bagl
BW-003A 3hp, 4 bag
"~~ S F- 003 (3hp, 4 bag) .

$269.00
$319.00
$429.00
$595.00
$795.00

~.
~

DUST COLLECTOR ACCESSORIES LET YOU

CREATE THE SYSTEM TO MEET YOUR NEEOSI
B

YFITIINGS (galv. steel)

MOOEL
Y-85
Y-86
Y-76
Y-75
Y-65
Y-55
Y-54
Y44
Y-43

A
45 .
6
6
7
7
8
8

MODEL
R-4-3
R5-\
R-6-5
R-6-\
R-7-5
R-76
R-ll-5
R-8-6

PRICE
$ 9.50
9.50
10.50
10.50
11.50
11.50
12.50
12.50

B
34
5
4
5
6
5
6

B
56
6
5
5
5
4
4
3

PRICE

8- $21 .50
8 $22.00
7
7
6
5
5
4
4

7Y
~s:::::7}
..

MODEL
GA-3
GA-4
GA5
GA6
GA-7

HEAVY DUTY,
REINFORCED PVC
PRICE PER FOOT FLEX HOSE
3" dia. @ $1.90'. 4- dia. @ $2.50'
5" dia. @ $3.55', 6" dia. @ $4.45'

PRICE EA.
$14.00
15.00
19.50
24.00
30.00

HOSE CLAMPS
3- @ $1.90 ea.
4- @ $2.40 ea.
5" @ $3.00 ea.
6" @ $3.15ea.

14" WOOD BANDSAW

3/4 HP 100V motor,
stand, blade.
MODEL
BW14BS . $319.00
6" x 42" JOINTER
..
1 HP 110/220V motor, .,.
cast iron machine,
surface ground tables,
sturdy steel stand.
MODEL
BW6J . $299.00
112" SPINDLE
... . SHAPER
... 3/4 HP motor,
reversing spindle,
stand, cast iron table.
MODEL
BW1S .... $225.00

10"112 " TA TABLE SAWt

Cast iron table and extensions, rip fence ,
mitre gauge, dado plate, stand.
MODEL TSC-12 . . . $399.00
AMERICAN 2 HPMOTOR
$139.00
SEND $1.00 FOR
NEW, 52-PAG E CATALDG
To: WILKE MACHINERY COM~N Y
120 Derry Court York. PA 17402
All prices EO.B. York. PA and
subiect to change without notice.
Typographical errors
subjectto correction.

--."-.,..",.,...,,.CALL TO ORDER: 717 8462800

_---&;

@ .......

D ec ember /J anuary

1989

PRICE EA.
4 OR MORE
$11 .50
12.50
15.50
19.50
24.50

15" AUTOMATIC WOOD PLANER

..
New, z-speec model, 3 HP 2201110V
.,.
motor in base (not on top), complete with
stand , hood, motor, stock rollers, 500 Ibs.
MODEL BW15P . $795.00

$21.00
$20.00
$17.00
$16.50
$16.00
$16.00
$16.00

CAST SHUT OFF GATES

tA~

A
56
6
5
5
5
4
4
3

0
11

~
Q \~I:

1/2"
9/16 "
5/8 "

$13.00
14.00
15.00

ROUND OVER
1/4" R
1/4"
3/8" R
3/8"
1/2" R
1/2 "

1"
1-1/4"
1-1/2 "

1/2"
5/8"
3/4 "

$15.00
16.00
19.00

#07
#08

ROMAN OGEE
5/32" R
5/32 "
1/4" R
1/4 "

1-1/4 "
11/ 2"

15/32"
3/4 "

$18 .00
20.00

3/8"
Deep
RABBETING
318"
li B" (KERF) SLOT CUTTER
114" ( K E ~ F) SLOT CUTTER

1-1/4 "

1/2"

$14.00

1-1/4 "
1-1/4 "

1/8"
1/4"

14.00
14.00

#11
#09
#10

#12

45
Chamfe r

45
Angle

1-1/2"

5/8 "

$15.00

#15

Raised
Panel

20
Angle

1-5/8"

1/2"

$25.00

#35
#36
#37

1/4" V Groove 90
3/8" V Groove 90
1/2" V Groove 90

1/4"
3/8 "
1/2"

1/4"
3/8 "
1/2"

$ 8.00
9.00
11.00

#16
#80

3/8"
1/2"
(For
1/2"

3/8 "
1/2"

3/8"
13/16"

$ 7.50
12.00

1/2"
3/4 "

1/2"
7/8 "

318"
1/2 "
3/4 "

3/8 "
11/32 "
5/8 "

$11.00
14.00
18.00

1-5/8"

1"

$30.00

Dovetail 9
Dovetail 8
Leigh Jigs)
Dovetail 14
314" Dovetail 14

COREBOX(ROUND NOSE)
3/8" Core BOXI3I16"
1/2" Core Box ' 1/4"
3/4" Core Box 3/8 "

#19
#20
#2 1

&

1"
1-1/4"
1-1/2"

#04
#05
#06

#17
#18

WOODWORKING
LARGE CUTTING
OIAM.
LENGTH PR IC E

#056

Tongue &Groove
(FORWOOD THICKNESS

8.50
10.50

FROM 112" 10 1")

Mttm
#24
#25
#26
#27
#28

1/4" Straigh t Bit

5/16 " Straight Bit
3/8" Straight Bit
1/2" Straight Bit
3/4" Straight Bit

1/4"
5/16 "
3/8 "
1/2"
3/4 "

3/4 "
1"
1"
1"
1"

$ 7.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
10.50

#13

1/2" FLUSH TRIM

1/2"

1"

$ 8.50

#14

3/8" KEY HOLE

(This Bit Only HSS)

CUTS 31B" KEY HOLE

FOR FLUSH MOUNTI NG
PICTURE FRAMES. ETC.

$ 8.50

WHEN ORDERING ANY THREE OR MOR E DEDUCT $ 1.00 EA CH

ALL PRICES POSTAGE PAID
Professional Production Quality. 1/2" Ba ll Bearing Pilot

114" Diameter Shanks x 1-114" Long. One Piec e Construc ti o n

T w o Flute Th ick High Quali ty Tu ngsten Ca rbi d e Tips
To order by MasterCard or V isa Toll Free
7 Day-24 Hour Order Service Call
1-800-5339298
or send check to :

MLCS Ltd., P. O. Box 4053P, Rydal, PA 19046

lll~

P.O . B ox 06243
Portland, Oregon

W<!~~8t

'VSIlSSr

STOP MISSING
PHONE CALLS!!
I

9720&0015
Pho ne: (503) 7771848

otors

! / /

RETAIL VENEER
Clipping & Jointing

.
Phone Not Included

Send for free price list.

Clayton Oscillating
Spindle Sanders.
For large or small
shops . Ideal for contour sanding . Quick
change drums. 112 "
to 4" . Satisfaction
guaranteed . Covered by 1 yr. warrantee. 4 models to
choose from. For
more information
write:

.~;-J

..''.'&
'.. .' . . .'...s...i%..
..
'/

' ;W

. . . . .",1jl"4"

$27.99

Includa>""'" 'n USA """'.

Wood Carver'S
\ ) Supply, Inc.
P.o. Box 8928H
Norfolk, Virginia 23 503 1366

Shop equipment and standard

phone bells don't get along well
together. This extra loud horn
assures that you'll know when the
phone rings. Simply plug into
115 VAC outlet and modular phone
jack. Size 4" x 4" x 4". 4 Ibs.
To use both phone and horn in
same jack order duplex adapter ITEM 7-995 for $3.69

24 Hours, 7 Days Call

800-228-3407

CALL 18003583096 TO ORDER

Burden's
Surplus Center

Clayton Enterprises
2505 W. Dewey Rd.
Owosso, MI 48867

1015 West "()'O P.o. Box82am'W ol.irx:oln, l'6!W12aJ)

Mad e In U.S.A.

Ask For Free Catalog!

MAKE BEAUTIFUL RAISED PANEL DOORS ...

WITH YOUR 1/4" ROUTERI
Professional production quality bit makes it quick and easy to
produce matching rails and stiles - the panel raising bit with
ball bearing guide makes the raised panel
perfect every time .
Regular value Over $150. 00
SALE PRICE

for a 2-year SUbscription.

ITEM 7-1032

$2.1

money-back guarantee. Send~

.J'. . /..

/ 7'

$2.50 sample kit available

(refunded with first order)

N:: "

Complete 64-page color catalog

including over 2,000 carving tools,
knifes,books and supplies.Everything is backed by our 34-year
reputationfor great service,quality
products and famous 3D-day

$69 95

MltI"_'It"J"*,,,:'J.'I!'UI':M
P.O. Box 1716, Grand Forks,ND 58206

MULTI-FORM MOLDING MAKER #159

MAKES
BEAUTIFUL
LARGE AND
SMALL
MOLDINGS

FOR COMPLETE SET

ORDER ITEM 6054 for 1/4" Shank Set

(Includes all bits shown)
RAIL
This ca rbide tipped bit
will produce dozens of
d ifferent profiles in
one pass (depe nds on
size of stock ).
With two or more
passes , the
possib le patterns
are almost unlimited .

PANEL

PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF PANEL DOOR

(WITH ONE RAIL REMOVED)

RAISED PANEL BIT

SUPPLIED WITH
BALL BEARING
2" Large Diameter

REVERSIBLE
COMBINATION
RAIL and STILE BIT
(For making matchi ng ralls and stiles in
raised pane l doors , etc.)
Works with stock from
11/16" to 7/S" thick

CARBIDE TIPPED
1/4 " Shank

Sim ply adjust the

depth of cut and
position of the fence
and create beautif ul
large or small moldings .
Any portion of the bit can be
used to achieve the desired effect.
For use in router tab le
1/2 " Shank

Two flute

1/2 "
Shank

Tung sten Carbide Tips

Produ ction quality
Supplied with ball bearings

CARBIDE TIPPED - TWO FLUTE

114" SHANK
supplied with Ball Bearing

To orde r by Master Charge or Visa Toll Free

7 Day - 24 Hour Order Service, Call
1-800-533-9298 or send check to :
MLCS, Ltd., P.O. Box 4053 P, Rydal, PA 19046

We pay shipp ing

The profile s show n are just a

few of the almost unlimi ted
possi bilities .

To order by Master Charge or Visa Toll Free

7 Day - 24 Hour Order Service, Call
1-800-533-9298 or send check to:
MLCS, Ltd ., P.O. Box 4053 P, Rydal, PA 19046

Popul ar W ood wor ki ng

FREUDIS BISCUIT JOINER:

It Works as t:asy
as 1-2-3
B ISCUIT JOINERY is now easy and economical with
the Freud Biscuit Joiner machine. Joints, such as
but t. edge, ''1' ' and oth ers, can be made quick er
and strong er with the use of the Freud joiner.
The Freud j oinery machine is a plunge cutti ng tool. It has a rotat ing carbide cutter
that creates an elli ptical slot in the surfaces to be join ed. The splines, or " biscuits"
as they are called. are inserted into the slot along with any water based glue. Because
the bi
. s are made of wood, the water makes them swell in the joint making an
and firm bond.

Edge miter feints

2 S~~ow

Lay
I Out
The boards that are to be joi ned should
be placed toget her and the location of
each joint marked on both pieces. The
vertical fence is
. .- ~~ .
adjusted to the ~
~=~ ~
depth desired '>-~.~
__ .
-= ~
for t he slots.
Turning the wing
~ nuts on the side
of the fence allows it to move easily in
the tracks . The fence is accurately callbrated to allow you to easily move it to
center of the joint (See figure I ).
At this point. you have determined the
horizonta l location of the joint by marking the wood and vertical location of the
joint by setting the fence.

ready to make the stots

for your biscuit joint.
There is a red indicator line on the front
of the fence and a corr esponding red
mark on the base plate (See figure I ). You
can use eit her of these mark s for alignment with the lines drawn on the mating
pieces of wood.
With the wood securely held in place,
align the red mark with the line on the
board. With one hand you can grasp the
body of the machine. The ot her hand is
placed on the handle. Turn the machine
on and, wit h a steady forward motion ,
push thejoin er body for~rd to make the
biscuit slot. Repeat the process for each
mark ed area on all of the wood pieces.
Simple and Easy !!! The wood particl es
are automat ically ejec ted through the
machine's exhaust port.

3 Assemble

Apply a water based glu e to the

slots and surfaces being joined. Insert the
biscuits in the slots and push the boards
together. For best results you will need to
clamp thejoint together for the glue manufacturer's recommended dr ying tim e.
There you have it. 1-2-3!! An extit
. . t
d
d . kl
d
reme y s rongjom pro uce quic y an
easily by you and th e Freud Joiner
Machine.
You will find a complete instruction
" How to" book wit h each machin e. IIlust rated with photograph s and drawings , it
is designed for tho se woodworkers not
familiar with biscuit joinery . The Freud
biscuit j oiner will prove to be a highly
valued tool for your woodworking
projects.

At a List price o[ $285.55, the f reud JS/oO Joiner Machin e is now on sale through your local freud distributor [or $195.00.
MITER JOINTS? NO PROBLEM I
By reversing the [ence. yo u can join mit ered
pi eces (See Figure 21. The steps are th e same.

Mark the location o[ y our join t and set l he [ence

to the vert ical height needed. Lin e up the [ence
w it h the mark and make your cuI. Apply glue
- insert biscuit s - clamp !

Booklet
HON TOUSE

THE FREUD JOINER

~CHINE

218 Feld Ave.. High Point. NC 27264

9 19434 -3 171
1570 Corporate Drive. Suite G
Costa Mesa. CA 92626
7 14-75 1-8866

DUST COLLECTOR STAMPEDE CONTINUES

We have negotiated a multi-million dollar dea l
with the facto ry and are pleased to inform you
of a huge promotional price -break on all the
dust collectors we carry. Th is is a time -limited
special and prices are subject to change
without notice .

G1031

G1028/G102 9

~.

WE WILL NOT BE UNDERSOLD PERIODI

G1030

MODEL G1031:

Mini Dust Collector, features 2 bags , V2 H.P. motor. Stands 58" high, intake hole is 4", base measures 15" x 26".
Weighs 75 Ibs. ONLY $189 9 5 PLUS "20.00 Shipping

MODEL G1028 :

Features 2 bags , 1 H.P., 12 amp. motor. Stands 76" high, 610 1t.3 min., base measures 20" x 35" , one 4" intake hole.
Weighs 185 Ibs. ONLY $265 0 0 F.O.B. Bellingham , WA or Williamsport, PA

MODEL G1029 :

Features 2 bags , 2 H.P. motor that draws 10 amps at 110V and 20 amps at 220 V, 1182 1t.3 min., base measures
20" x 35" , two 4" intake holes. Weighs 210 Ibs. ONLY $295 0 0 F.O.B. Bellingham , WA or Williamsport, PA

MODEL G1030 :

Features 4 bags, 3 H.P. single phase motor that draws 18 amps at 220V or 36 amps at 110V, 1883 Ita min., three 4"
intake holes , base measures 21" x 46". Weighs 270 Ibs. ONLY $410 0 0 F.O.B. Bellingham, WA or Williamsport , PA

NEW TOLL FREE LINES

EAST OF TH E
MISSISSIPPI:

1-800-523-GRRR
(717) 326-3806

+-

(FOR ORDERS A ND CATALOG REQUESTS ONLY)

(Fo r Orders & Catalogs Only) -+

(For Inqu iries & Customer Service)

-+

WEST OF THE
MISSISSIPPI:

1-800-541-5 537 g
(206 ) 647 -0 801 ri5

Professional quality, precision . .

Super 15" Scroll Saw

Comparable value over $500
$~

Only

shipped
ready t

This versatile machine makes

cutting intricate wood patterns easy
- great for making toys, Jewelry,
puzzles, fretwork, etc. The blade
IS driven on both up and down
stroke with a smooth cutting
parallel rocker arm system .
This system avoids blade
breakage and creates
a smooth finish that virtually
eliminates sanding. Our saw is
easy to use and is made with
a cast construction that insures
durability. We fUlly support our
product with replacement parts
and repairs if needed. Thousands
of satisfied customers use our
saw world-wide.
SPECIFICATIONS:
Dust Blower
Cast iron construction
(Optional - Add $15.00
Throat depth 15"
Use standard 5" blades
Max. depth of cut 2"
Stroke length - 3/4 "
Cuts per minute - 1725
Table Tilt 0 45
Weight 431bs
Table Size 8" x 17"
Motor - Heavy duty totally enclosed fan cooled 110V . 120V
UL listed , ball bearing - induction motor

PENN STATE INDUSTRIES

*

ear Penn State:

" My SUPER Scroll Saw was delivered rwo
days ago and it perfo rms like the neighbor 's
$700 one. I'm delighted . ..
'.
Mrs. SA Swartz
White Cloud, KS

:!

J " I recently received one of your 15 "

vi Scroll Saws as a gift and was impressed with

7j
/

its construction and other feat ures. I' d say it

can be compared favo rably with such saws
as Excaliber and the Hegner line. "
Mr. E. L. Brendza
San Bernardino, CA

"l am thrilled with the performance as is

my wife who has operated it more than [
ha ve. As a specia l automatic machine
designer fo r the last 40 years , J feel that [
am qualified to compliment yO ll on a welldesigned machine . ..
C.M. Smeigh
Ft. Worth, TX
The Editor
The Woodworker's Journal
'Kudos fo r the folks at Penn State Industries for value and customer service !
When I contacted them concerning a minor
problem , replacements were rushed OUI to
me the same day.
As an amaleur woodworker, I was pleased
to find that lower priced , well made
equipment is available from people who
are willing to stand behind their
products.
A. Mortenson
New Milford , CT

2850 Comly Road Philadelphia, PA 19154

1-215-676-7609 (Ext. 15)

Add $15.00 for Blower Option . Visa , MasterCard , Check or Money Order Accepted
Add $10.00 for shipping in Continental U.S. Pennsylvania residents add 6% sales tax

Popular Woodworking

1 Hour Video Brochure

P.O. Box 25429. Dept.

o
o

December/January 1989

YESI Plec3se send me your

free 24 page catalog,

YESr Please send me your

1 hour video broch ure.
[Enclose \10.00 refun dable
deposit - spccry VHS or
Beta]

Name

u . Greenville . SC 29616
_

Address

DIy

State/Zip

Phone

'T ricks of the Trade" shares reader's tipsfor makin g woodworking tasks easier and safer. If you've come up with a trick
that would help other woodworkers. send it to "Tricks of the
Trade" c/o Popu lar Woodworking . 1300 Galaxy Way . Concord, CA 94520 . Include any photos or sketches that help
illustrate your idea (we'll redraw them J. We pay $25 f or each
trick we publish.

t-

====:::
._:::..r--

~----- ---- ---

---~ -

:_______ ---r--I
,
- -- _.-+, 2
.

....

,---

t-l

- ---

. _

.--r- -+
I

~--

,,
-..-I
i
I

Routing Oak
Whil e makin g a display cabinet of oak and g lass , I need ed to
cut 1/2" rabbet s in the oak . In spite of my sharp rout er bit. I found
myself splintering the oak. To av oid thi s, I first knocked off the
sharp co me rs of the oak down to a de pth eq ual to the rabbet
(1/2") with a 45 0 cham fer culle r. Th en [ we nt back ove r it to
cut the rabbet, and got no tearou t.
Kingsley Hamm et
Sa nta Fe. NM ~

'"

.---------------------------, ~

E
<ll
s:

[1l

CJ
>.

.D

V>

.~

;;;

-mH Stock. - - - - --

BoLt---_-l
Nur.-_ _

Tailstock Tip
How man y times have yo u go ne to move yo ur lath e ' s tailstoc k
and had it jam when the met al lockin g shoe ca tches? I fo und a
spring to fit over the bolt and betw een the bed and lockin g shoe.
When you loosen the tailstock the spring ex pands . holdin g the
sho e away from the bed so the assembl y can slid e eas ily.
Jerry Ernce
Broken Arro w. OK
to

~ '-------------------------'

Squaring on aTable Saw

One of the bigges t prob lems I have in my shop is squaring a

large board that I've gl ued up from strips. Even with jointing.the
tw o straight edges may not be exactly parallel. so you ca n' t flip
it ove r to reference the cut from both sides . I dev eloped the
follow ing method to ensure a sq uare board .
Use a framin g square and mark one end of the board square
to one side. and mark the ed ge you use as a guide. Measure the
distance from the outside edge of the sa w teeth and outside edge
of the saw table (X) . Place a sq uare again st the reference ed ge, .
and mark the distance (X) from the first line you mark ed .
C lamp a straightedge on the second line . (The clamps mu st
be placed to the right of the straightedge .) Now flip the board
ove r and let the straightedge butt aga inst the right side of the saw
tabl etop . Th e straightedge and the tab letop will serve as a fen ce
to guide the piece straight, and yo u will have exce llent control.
Do the same for the other end using the same reference edg e.
Jan C. Plemmons
Jac kso nville, FL
Popu lar Woodworking

BEGINNING-OF-THE-YEAR SPECIAL.Sl

G 118 2
Weighs
260 Ibs.!

Our Best Selling

10" Tablesaw!
Precision ground cast-iron table
and wings, powerful 1V. HP motor,
heavy-duty rip fence with micro
adjustment and T-slots in table are
only some of its excellent features.
Weighs 235 Ibs.
Regular ly $365
SALE PRICE $325

6 X 47" Jointer

8 X 65" Jointer

20" Planer

All ball bearing, 3-blade cutterhead,

1 HP single phase motor, precision
ground beds with an exclusive 47"
bed length. This is the nicest 6"
Jointer on the market. .

Another winner! All ball bearing, 3blade cutterhead, magnetic switch

1V. HP single phase motor and
precision ground cast-iron beds.

20" x 8" capacity, 2 automatic feed

rates, 3 HP single phase motor, 4blade all ball-bear ing cutterhead ,
built in stand, extens ion rollers and
dust chute. Weighs 950 Ibs.

Regularly $335
SALE PRICE $310

Regularly $665
SALE PRICE $625

Regularly $1295
SALE PRICE $1175

All above prices are F.O.B. Williamsport, PA or Bellingham, WA

NEW TOLL FREE LINES

EAST OF THE
MISSISSIPPI:

1- 800- 523-GRRR
(717) 326 -3806

+-

(FOR ORDERS AND CATALOG REQUESTS ONLY)

(For Orders & Catalogs Only) --(For Inquiries & Customer Ser vice) ---

+-

WEST OF THE
MISSISSIPPI:

1-800-541-5537
(206) 647 -0801

f:il

WATCO
DANISH OIL FINISH

BA RAP Specialties, Dept. PW 1088

835 Bellows, Frankfort, Michigan 49635

BANDSAW BLADES
WELDED TO YOUR EXACT LENGTH
Complete Band Saw Blade Line
Including Saw Mill Blades
We also carry:

ScrollSaw Blades Hand Saws

Circular Saw Blades HoleSaws
Hack Saws Sanding Belts
Sanding Disks Router Bits
Files Rasps. Scrapers
SEND 51.00 FOR CATALOG or
TO ORDER PHONE OR WRITE TO:

BUCKEYE SAW COMPANY

P.O. BOX 14794

CINCINNATI, OHIO 45250-0794
1-800-543-8664 (Except Ohio)
1-513-621-2159 (In Ohio)

December/January 1989

Watco Danish Oil Finish can be

your ideal workbench companion for
all those wood finishing projects
around the house. Easy to use with
beautiful results ... Watco Danish Oil
gives wood that natural hand-rubbed
look and feel with long-lasting
durability.
Watco is IN the wood not on it like
surface coatings. And because Watco
is deep within the wood , it's spotrepairable and simple to maintain .
Ideal for furniture , paneling,
cabinets, doors , antiques and trimwork .
Watco is also safe to use on ,bucther
blocks, cutting boards and children's
furniture and toys.
Choose from 10 beautiful finishes:
Natural, and Light, Medium, Dark and
Black Walnuts, Iced Iced Oak, Cherry ,
" Golden Oak, Fruitwood and English
Oak. For more information on Watco
Finishing Products...call or write

Walco-Dennis Corporation
19610 Rancho Way
Rancho Dominguez, CA 90220
(213) 635-2778
11

ShaperHandbook
An advanced book on t he Shaper which d et ail s all aspects of t his versa tile machi ne.
Th is is the mos t up to date book on the shaper availap le and includ es coverage 01spi ndle
spee ds. cuttinq action lheory. cullerhead types . develop ment 01c ullers and opera tional
salel y. A large sectio n covers lences , guar ds, jigs and then disc us ses various shap er operations such as trim min g , doub le curvat ure work, stop moul din g . be vell ing . shaped work .
dovetailing , fin ger jointin g, and stair hous ing . Very well ill ustrated thoughout ; with over
400 pho tog raphs and drawing s. " If you have a shaper you need th is book." Popular
I\bodwo rker 192 pages, 6~ x 9, $15.95

Modern Practical Joinery

Perhaps one of the best books ever pub li shed on joi nery. Th is is an exhaust ive stud y
of all branches 01 the crall, written lor the " Use of Workmen . Architects. Builde rs and
Mach inists" _This is a republication ot the 1908 London edition. Sam ple cha pters are hand
tools. workshop practice, the steel square in joinery. joinery mach ines . doors and panelling .
windows , shop fron ts. sh aped , c urved and bevell ed work ., mo uldin gs . sta ir and handra il
work . There is even a glossary 01tech nical terms . " A gold mine for wood workers. archi tects
and preservationists." Old House Journal . 576 pages, 27 chapters and numerousllluat rationa, $15.95 . An exceptional book.

Linde n Publish ing

352 W. B ed fo rd #105 - Fr esn o, California 93711
Send c h e c k or money o rde r or ca ll 800-345 -4447 (9ali f. 209-431-4736). C alif . re s idents add 6V. % ta x .

NEW EZE-ANGLEGUIDESAWS
160 DIFFERENTANGLES
w i th n o saw adjustment !

FAST- No need to raise or lower saw or SWin g arm

-SIMPLE - Te mplates set the angle lor you
-ACCURATE - Make exactangle cuts previously
impossibiewith conventional dialsemng

Eze-Anglegu id'''~5 : 5 templates.

32 angle s from 21/2. 80
Eze-Angleguide'-8 : 8 templates.

$15.95
$24.95

160 angle s from '12 _80

Lim ited time only- FREE pos tage and handl ing!
Money-back guar antee! FREE brochur e on
reque st. Send name, add ress , and c heck to:

SteussyCreations
ll~ ATHERTON AVENUE
NOVATO. CA 9 ~9 ~ 5 ~15 /897 - 1~5 7

CALL TOLL FREE

TO ORDER Y O U R

BRANDMARK

1800323-2570
(O R D E R S ONLY )
You r

satiSfacti~~O~~a~~~~:dASTE/R
N TI ME

Convenient torch heating

Solid Brass- lasts years
Special wording avai lable
1st line as sho wn
2nd line -191eltersl

Ripto the center of

a 4' panel. Crosscut stock
31/ 8' thick; 21/ 8' at 45?
Cut dadoes, moulding
and tenons with our
optional accessories.
Andthe standard
features are anything but standard.
A cast iron table with steel extension
tables. Powerful 15Amp. motor. And a
self-aligning rip-fence with single control handle.
The rugged, versatile 10" Motorized TableSaw
fromDelta. At only$329, youget a lot more than
youpayfor. Call toll-freefor the name ofyour Delta
dealer. Delta International Machinery Corp.,
8itO/.4:L8-248 (inPA, 800/438-2487).

-.-------Building

spaces max .
1f4" lette rs
distinctive bo rde r

Add $2.50 shippi ng &

han dling

OH res. add 51.44 tx

Orde r by mail from

BrandMark

..
L

12

On Tradition

CELTA

:J

462 Carthage Dr. Dept PWW5 Beavercreek. OH ~5385

513-426-6843

A Pentair Company
M odel 34 -670

Pop ular Wood working

Kiiio

DUST COLLECTOR

SPINDLE SHAPER

UFO-gO
1HP Motor
UF0-1 01
2HP Motor
UF0-1 02 B 3HP Motor

SK30SPA
1- and
Spindle
3Hp with forward and
reverse contro l

'I,-

STROKE BELT SANDER

SK-1500BS
60' x 21
sliding table
5- sand ing belt width
2HP motor

'1,-

1Z' HLTlNS ARBOR TABLE SAW

HTS-00 12A .........~
With cast aluminum guide rail.
3HP motor

DRUM SANDER
SK150S
15' sanding width
SK 20 0 S
20- sanding width
Two different grit precis ion contact drum . 3HP sand ing moto r.
'I, HP auto feeding motor

TRUE VIlIUE lor HIGH QUIlIIT" machinery

POWER FEEDER

!3#!,I"

SK-303FO .... .
1HP,3phases
SK301FO .. .. P'!BI'!!&~li~;jj~,~!.:.1
1HP. 1phases
SK 32 1 ro....U @I ,I.J
'I, HP. 1phases

JOINTER
JT -o012
SPINDLE SHAPER
SP-0034 .. ... .... . ~

'I,- and

'12- spindle
1HP. with forward and reverse
control

ti Vti,!olo1

12' planing width.

13 '10 ' x 72' prec ision ground
cast iron table .
3HP motor

1Z' PORTABLE PLANER

WP 30 12 .. .rmE!]
Stand (optional)
WP-30 12S ... ..

rE1Iml

WIDE BELT SANDER

UWtJ.I,1

A-2548 .. .. .. .. ......
24' working width.
A-3760 .. ........ .... Ei:Jtl:r'.I.)
36 - working Width.
3 precision balanced contact
drum. Rugged heavy duty metal
constr uction. Full power motors
drive sanding and auto infeed
smoothly.

ONE YEAR FREE PARTS WARRANTY .

WE SPECIALIZE IN CUSTOMER
SATISFACTION .

December/Janu ary 1989

LOBO POWER TOOLS

10922 KLINGERMAN STU 3
S.EL MONTE . CA.91733

AUTOMAHC SPINDLE SHAPER

SP150A
1'I, - spindle wlfoot spindle lock
slidin g table
Cast iron fence
5HP motor 3speed
Air clamp (optional)

FREE CATALOGUE . DON 'T MISS IT.

WRITE OR CALL NOW
(818) 350-1096

13

{@@mumB o o ke;A e v i e w

sUI1Nhf.ifinW@lWDmWJWinUfUI1UUU@@l1I1UmK!f@@!i@mWl1WU1i'II%@UIiNiiNUU@i@U@j}i@NNilnWn:nmimi:MWN@@iiV@Mnil@lnii@@@U1fJiiUI1IiNim;

by Hugh foster
Encycloped ia of Furnit ure Making
by Ernest Joyce, revised and expanded by
Alan Peters; Patrick Spielman, Technical
Con su ltant (Sterling Publishing Company, 2 Park Ave .,New York , NY 10016;
1987) hardcover, $29 .95
When I saw the price tag on En cycl opedia (~r Furniture Making, I thought,
"What a rip-off." I recalled paying only
about a third of that for the copy I bought
on sale in 198 1. I started comparing the
volumes, ready to write a most negative
reviewal' the new edition: The older edition had a seve n-page table of contents,
compared to the sing le page in the new
one, and the older edition paid homage to
its sources with a bibliography. No such
luck in the new one. The new one is only
about 25 pages bigger, but I'd swear the
print is bigger, so it may actually contain
less information. In fact, if I hadn't read
the new ed ition with some care, it would
be possible to carry these quibbles to
extremes.
But that would not be an honest review . Editor Alan Peters has essentially
re-written the book . Since basic materials
haven't really changed much (except in
price) Peters has done little more than
consolidate the information in the sections that dea l wit h materials. But where
things have changed since the original
publication, Peters has brought the information and related photos right up to date.
He includes Japanese tools and electronic
too ls (though one might wish for more
thoro ugh discussion of the biscuit joiner
and the sanding frame for the variable
speed belt sander). Stationary tools are
also updated, illustrated with mainly British brands. CADCAM (computer-aided
design/computer-aided manufacturing)
is discussed along with robots and other
automation techniques. In other words,
Peters has prepared this book for the
twenty-first century reader.
His chapter, "Workshop Layout and
Furnishings," contains the most intelligent advice I've seen regarding lighting.
Joinery (except biscuit joinery) is discussed thoroughly and concisely. Carcase
construction and knock-down fittings get
special emphasis, as do legs, frames, slidH ugh Fos ter is an Englis h-leachin g
woodworker ill Manitowoc, Wisc onsin.
14

ing part s, drop-leaves, and tambours.

Hinges, locks, casters, glides, bookcase
fitti ngs, height adjusters, and other hard ware items are discussed more thoroughly than they are anywhere else .
Straight and curved work are both covered. A short section on draftsmanship
and workshop geometry convinces me
that there may be hope for me to one day
be ab le to draw pictures of my work rather
tha n rely on an "in-my-head" picture to
guide my construction.
A most useful section treats "typical"
furniture: What is it? Where does it go?
What are its usual dimensions? and the
like. This section features excellent photos and some drawings of exciting new
work; the color photos in this section are
a wonder to behold. There are even sections about church furniture, outdoor furniture, repair and restoration, finishing ,
and cost estimating.
An encyclopedia is meant to contain
short entries on many subjects. As such,
this book can be useful to anyone working
in wood, allowing instant access to a wide
range of topics in one volume.

Know Your Woods: A Complete

Guide to Trees, Woods, And Veneers
by Albert J. Constantine, Jr ., revised by
Harry J. Hobbs (Charles Scribner's Sons,
115 - 5th Ave ., New York, NY 10003;
1959, 1975 , 1987), paperback, $9.95
Initially published in 1959, this book
was revised in 1975. The down side of this
is that the book is at least a dozen years old
and much of it 28 years old; its appearance
is rather old-fashioned, some would say
dated. The up side is that the authors are
among the all-time greatest experts on
their subject, and their subject is one that
doesn't rea lly change much. The Constantine family has been a New York
timber merchant since 1812; for many
years Constantine and Company acted as
the official measurers , weighers, and inspectors of all foreign timbers entering
the port of New York . Thus, the author
began at an early age to acquire his extensive knowledge and love of woods.
The first fifteen chapters (132 pages)
are the " story 'l purt of the book. Chapter I,
"A Tree Lives," is the kind of writing that
brings biology to life. School science

texts should be so artfully written. Chapter 2 deals with identification of woods, 3

with the scientific aspects of naming
trees, 4 with how to know the trees by
name . Chapter 5 treats getting the logs out
of the forests of the world, and 6 deals
with making veneer of the logs . Chapter 7
deals with the phys ical appearance of
wood . Each of these is directly relevant to
the thesis stated by the title, Know Your
Woods ....
The next couple of chapters seem at
least somewhat irrelevant from this
woodworker's perspective, for they deal
with " Woods of the Bible," " Planting
Trees around the World," "State Trees,"
"Drugs from Trees," "Little Known Behaviors of Trees and Woods," and "Collecting Woods as a Hobby." The chapter
"Modern Craftsmen Use a Wide Variety
of Woods" seems to display an amazing
grasp of the obvious. Finally comes a
chapter of questions about various
woods:
Q . What wood is known as the "ebony
of America?"
A. Persimmon
Q . What wood has a peculiar scent
similar to that of old shoe leather?
A . Teak
Fortunately, we don't have to "pass"
this I37-question "test" to move onto the
real meat of the book, the profusely illustrated "Part Two: Woods from Abura to
Zebrano." For the next nearly 200 pages,
the authors treat every wood I've ever
heard of-and lots more besides-in
terms of:
I. preferred common name
2. scientific name
3. derivation
4. other common names
5. brief description of tree , size, peculiarities, etc.
6. range of species-native range and,
in some instances, area of cultivation
outside of native habitat
7. color of wood
8. physical properties of wood, such as
physical gravity
9. seasoning behavior
IO. strength prope rties
II . dimensional stability (shrinkage)
12. workability
13. utilization
14. other information
Popular Woodworking

He re is a sa mple of suc h an e ntry:

" Ash , W h ite Fraxi nus (/11/ ('1" ; ('(/ 11(/
(a merica na-of Ame rica)
"T his is a he av y woo d w ith an ave rage
we ig ht of 42 Ibs. per cu bic foot. Th e
hea rtwood is bro wn to dark bro wn . some times w ith a redd is h tint. White as h is
often co nfuse d w ith hic ko ry but the zo ne
of large pores is mu ch more di st ingui sh able in as h tha n in hickory.
"T his wood is stro ng and stiff. has
good shock res ista nce and is noted for its
exce lle nt be nd ing qu aliti es. It is used
almost ex cl us ive ly fo r all types of spo rts

ROCKING HORSE
FULL SIZE PATTERN
Plans $10 .95 - MI Res. add 4 % Sales

We a re so h apppy with t h is
r ock ing h or se tha t we cha lle nge
you t o find on e wit h its qu a lit y
yet so ea sy to bui ld. Features
s uc h as on e-pi e ce r ock ers .
saddle , dowel ed a nd scr ewed
body th at in t e rloc ks lik e a
pu zzle.
Sp ecia lty Furn itu re Des igns
of Mich igan De pt. PW 3
797 West Remus Road , M t. Pleasant, MI 48858

SIMPLE TO BU ILD!

THE

BABY-SITTER

Plan No. 200

S895

~ ~
ROCKING HORSE

DESK & SEAT

THE

~
CHAIR

SANDPAPER

NO GIMMICKS -

SHEETS: 19x11) PRICE

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED

CABINET PAPER

1 x30

1,69 ea 3x24

lx 42

,69ea 3x27

I .80 ea
,83 ea

40-0

,69ea 4 x21\1

.st ea

50-0

15 /pk 27/pk

.l3ea 4x24
.l4ea 4x36

6Q.D
6Q.D

14/pk 25/pk

3x18
3x21

.n ea

6x48

3x23.

.80 ea

2~

.94 ea
1.14 ea
2.98ea
2.47ea

13/pk 23 /pk

100 Ihru 150C 12 / pk

211pk

STEPLADDER

-HEIRLOOM QU ALITY
-FULL SIZE TEMPLETS
-EAS Y TO FOLLOW PLAN S
-MULTIPURPOSE FU RNITURE
SATISFACTION GUARANTEEO

Gold Country Woodworks

1615Wimbledon o.. Auburn, CA95603

!fiilrij[:

FINISHING PAPER

12 in.26and
in .
models

A Finish Sander . . . A Thickness Sander

NO LOAD PAPER
5O /pk l00 / pk

50/ pk l00/ pk
6Q.A

100 thru 280A

19 / pk 116 /pk
S/pk 14 /pk

18Q.Alhru 40Q-A 11 0/pk 118/pk

~ ~

Wi lliam Linco ln spe nt fort y- odd

years in the timber and ve neer trad e in
Eng land . and his fee ling fo r his subject is
very good. His illus tratio ns a re m uc h
be tter than those in A lbe rt J . Co ns ta ntine.
J r.' s Know Your Woo ds , but a re the y $ 30
bett er '?Th at' s YO/lr ca ll. My favo rite book
of this type (up un til no w ) had a lways
been the Fine Hard woods Se lect orama by
conti n ued 011 page /9

50 /pk 100 /pk

l x44

OTHER SIZES ON REQUEST

World Wood s in C o lo r by Willi am

A. Lin c ol n ( Mac m illa n P ub lishin g
Co mpa ny. 866 T hird A venue . Ne w York.
NY l oo n ; 1986 ) 320 pages. hardback ,
$ 39 .95

116 /pk 13n /pk

2\\ x16

x80

Woods... fa iled to hclp me identi fy the

two beau tiful "m yste ry pla nks " tha t inhabit my shop . awai ting a project.
Thi s pai r o f re iss ues ma ke a n im portant co ntr ibutio n to the literature o f wood worki ng- i f yo u didn't ge t them the fir st
tim e around . the y me rit at least a loo k
no w. Your woodwo rk ing libr ar y wi ll be
incomplete witho ut the m .

GREAT PRICES

BELTS: GRITS ASSORTED

WET/DRY PAPER

S1395

IRONINGBOARD

Decemb er/Janu ary I<JX <J

HIGH CHAIR

ONIT

Plan No.. 210

and ath let ic eq uipme nt suc h as baseba ll

buts a nd lo ng oars. A lmos t universa lly it
is a lso used for han dl es of sho ve ls and
spades . a nd the lo ng ha ndl es of forks.
hoes. a nd rake s. In the lum ber fo rm it is
partic ular ly va lua ble for the bent parts of
c ha irs. Occasio na lly . hig h grade logs are
c ut into ve neers whic h a rc very att racti ve
in decorative wo rk (p. 14 8) ."
T hree draw ings and a hal f-page ph ot o
illu strate this e ntry .
Foll owi ng this most use ful se ctio n are
a glossa ry of te rm s. a bib liograph y. and
tw o ind e xes. o ne fo r j ust wood typ es. the
o ther more ge ne ra l.
T he o nly way I ca n think o f to improve
th is book wo uld surel y raise its price
be yond the rea lm of rcason : In place o f the
we ll ov e r 200 e xce lle nt black and white
ph ot os . I wou ld subs titute co lor phot os o f
co m parab le qu al ity o r perh ap s eve n supply represen tativ e spec imens of wood
ve nee rt o aid in the ident ificat io n of wood .
Despite its exce llen ce . Kil OI\' You!'

PRESSURE SENSITIVE
ADHESIVE DISCS!
6"
8"

11.06ea
1.99 ea

9"
10"

2,46ea
3,05 ea

12"
15"

4.45 ea
6.95ea

5O / pk 100/pk

220 thru 600A 113 /pk 123 / pk

*OTHER ITEMS* *JUMBO CLEANING STICK*

I S.80
*WIDE BELTS
SENO MAIL OROERS TO:
*ROLLS
*FLAP WHEELS ECONABRASIVES
*PUMP SLEEVES P.O. BOX P865021

*MINIMUM ORDER 125,00

*MASTERCARD, VISA OR CHECK
*SATISFACTION GUARANTEED!!

PLANO, TX 75086
NATIONAL 1800-3674101
IN TEXAS (214) 3779779
'TEXAS RES. ADO 1% SAlS TAX
'SHIPPING CHARGES ADO $4.75

You can usc th is high -to lerance machine for ligh t di men sioning as we ll as the fin est fin ish wo rk. Beca use
stoc k is po wer-fed at a uni form rate , yo u' ll achi eve
results impo ss ib le to dup licat e w ith hand me thod s or
hand-held sa nde rs. Dim en sion s remain exact . . . no
more lo w spots, wav e or cr oss grain mark s!

Improves Results!
Use the Wood rnaster to dim en sion and fin ish-sand
cabinet pie ces. resawn stoc k. panel ing. grand father
clock s. toys. tab letops. knees, burls. crotc he s. an d mu ch .
much more ! Yo u' ll soo n find it' s one of the mo st
va lua ble too ls in yn ur sho p!

3DDay FREE Trial!

Send for Co mplete Facts! See how yo u can usc the
Woodmaster Drum Sander in yo ur ow n sho p for 30 days
co mpletely witho ut risk ! Easy term s,
Call TolIFree TodaY...!i800)538-4200.,g,X~446

f'Woodmaster Tools, Dept. 4R6 , 2908 Oak

Kansas City, MO 64108

II O YES .'
I
Name

Address

LEity

P lea~e rush my FREE tntormanon Kit and

oetaits on your 30 Day Free Friar Guarantee.

_
_

~e ~ZL _ ~
15

-VideeS6ene-MT~&4hT .:a && i&hiirnil5'iW@:#m2.]jj\'-!IIllilt:%1JD!lmllifi'!t_'W&ili&&i#Jid1Ji'iJ&1t\hw),b~!j\!WtW%iiI.0~1

by Alan Marks
Tiling Countertops/ Tiling Walls/ Tiling Floors, with
Michae l Byrn e, 1987 by Th e Taunton Press, 63 So uth Main
Stree t, New tow n, CT 06470, 60 minutes, 75 minutes, and 60
minutes, respectiv el y, $29,95 eac h (or $ 14,95 eac h to rent )
Th ese three tapes suppleme nt an excellent book entitled
Setti ng Ceram ic Tile ( I98 7 , Th e Taunton Press, $ 17.95) by the
sa me autho r.
Ofte n as not , someone enterp risi ng eno ugh to build his ow n
kitche n ca binets will want to tile his new co untertops as we ll.
Having dra wn thi s cruc ial connec tion bet ween woo dwo rk ing
and tilesetting, let me ex plai n th at for my next co lumn I plan to
review a new se ries of five tap es on res ide ntia l ca bine tmaking.
Durin g th e co u rse of m y a ma te u r ca ree r as a
horne-rernod eler , I have ofte n searched in va in for info rma tio n
on se tting tile. Wh atever scanty information I came across, I
bought, since an y data at a ll was hard to co me by. None of it
prov ide d a complete, up-to-date over vie w of modem meth od s
and approaches . I had started to imagin e that tilesetter s eve rywhere were co nspiring to protect the integr ity of their craft from
do-i t- yourselfer s. But no w, thank s to Micha el Byrn e and Th e
Ta unto n Press, on e ca n not only read ab out it, but a lso wat ch it
do ne on the TV screen from the sanctuary of the sofa.
You ac tually do need the tap es to ge t the full story on tiling,
es pecially in orde r to use the tools properl y. There is some
repet itio n fro m tape to tap e; for example, seque nces on mi xin g
thin set and usin g snap-cutte rs and biters are show n in eac h of the
three , but th is is becau se each is intende d to stand a lone and
provide com plete instru cti on s. It is not necessary to bu y the
ent ire se ries if yo u are only interes ted in one of the topi cs.
Th e tapes ' producer had a small se t built in the film ing stud io.
It represent s a sma ll bathroom fea tur ing a window over a small
tub with fixtures, a pon y wall , a to ilet flange , and a va nity with
a cutout for a sink. Add itiona lly, a framed-in, cut-off sho we r
stall floor was on hand so that building, water proofing and tilin g
a shower pan co uld be dem on str ated as we ll. All three videos
we re taped simultaneo us ly on thi s se t and a goodly qu antity of
the pro blems a tile mason faces were prese nt and acco unted for .
Micha el Byrne ' s ex pe rtise and insisten ce on qualit y work
appealed to my se nse of integrit y. I ca n' t see how he co uld have
don e it any better. It was, how ever , pain full y emba rrass ing to be
made awa re of all the thin gs I did wrong when I tiled my ow n
kitchen and shower yea rs ago.
Before I cover the vid eos, thou gh , let me briefl y describe the
co ntents of the companio n book. Its o rga niza tion see med totall y
logical and stra ightforward to me, and it co mes adm irably
cross-reference d and indexed . Th e first of two part s deals with
basics, co ntaining chapters on tile types and term inology, tool s
and thei r usage, se tting materi als (mas tics, adhesi ves and grout,
their various types, prep arat ion and appl icat ion ), surface prep aration, and layout techn iques.
T he sec ond part walks the reader step by step throu gh six
actua l project s don e by the author. Til ing 1100r s, co unter tops,
and sho we rs in both thin set and mort ar beds (the tw o predomi A la" Marks is a cabi netmaker ill Carmel Vallcv, California. and a
contributing editor to PW .
16

nant meth od s) is cove red in detail from start to fini sh. A final
cha pter deals sparse ly with spec ial proj ect s such as butcher
block s, swimming pool s, and steam rooms. At the end are
app end ed so urces of tool s and materials. On e omi ssion I noted:
the autho r neglected to say wha t weight tar paper, or roofing felt
he used for waterproo fing purposes. (In the vide os he tell s us he
uses the fifteen-pound vari et y.)
Since this column is vide o-oriented, let' s take a peek at them
now.
In Tiling Cou n ter to ps Byrn e demonstrates the thinse t
method usin g backer board and a waterproofing membrane. T he
objective is to tile a co untertop incorporating a sink. He also
shows a finished sa mple of a mort ar bed countertop and introduces the materials used for thi s method. He tell s us there is no
structura l ad vantage to usin g a mortar bed , but usin g bac ker
board lim its one to more or les s flat sur faces, where as mort ar ca n
be used to produce a shaped subs trate for more creative work.
Backer board is a relativel y new , easy-to-use product on the
tile sce ne, and it totally replaces mortar bed s for man y applica tion s. A portland ce me nt, fibe rg lass-reinfo rced material in shee t
form, it is de finit el y so me thing a do-it- yourselfer should kn ow
about. I ha ve purch ased it und er the trad e nam e "Wonde r
Boa rd," not at all, to my thinking, a mi snom er.
Choosing the type of layout and trim depend s on the sink
type, and as Byrn e dem on strates, the sink itself, togeth er wi th the
co untertop dim en sion s, determines the placem ent of cut tiles.
He sho ws how to do a layout with a jury stick, cutting and
installin g backer board with thin set and then layin g down a
waterproofing membrane with the same material. He shows how
to use the snap c utter and the wet saw. Ever ythin g he does he
perform s impec ca bly but I wond er why , when layin g the fie ld
tile , he did not sho w how to clean up excess thin set with a margin
trowel at the bord ers of the field. I remember doin g this from
time to tim e whe n it was necessary to take a break on a tiled deck
I did once. He shows detailing and se tting trim tile , the final step
after installing cut tile, and finall y, he demonstrates his gro uting
tech niqu e .
One other qu estion haunts me aft er watching the three videos,
a ll tap ed in this bathroom . Wh y did Michael Byrne neglect to
trim one edge of the co untertop back splash with what I beli ev e
sho uld hav e been quarter ro und trim ? It was left unfin ished , but
sho uld not hav e been . Also, he neglected to incl ude fauc ets in the
co untertop dem o, so he was unable to show how to cut tile to fit
around them . In the sa me ve in, there is usuall y at least one
e lec trica l o utlet box to be tiled around in a backspla sh , but that
was missin g too .
In Tiling Walls, whi ch takes se venty-five minutes, Byrne
covers a lot of gro und. Th e wa lls chose n surround a showe r-tub,
incorporate a window and a pon y wall , and use two distinc t
construc tio n methods with two different materi als for waterpro ofing. He lays walls with a mortar bed and tar paper (intrig uing technique! ) and do es the pon y wall with a 3D-mil plastic
membrane ove r back er board.
To accomplish the best possibl e layout he co ntrives a jury
stick, builds out the pon y wall in orde r to avo id cutting tiles, and
improvises a coved tran sition for the sa me reason . I was es pePopular Woodworking

cia lly tak en by Byrn e' s co mpe tent demon stration on ho w to

floa t a mort ar bed o n a ve rtica l surface with wire reinforcin g.
T his is so me thing I wo uld never und ert ak e with out see ing it
do ne first. Now I think I might g ive it a whirl.
The re is invalu abl e info rmati on o n dealing with a probl em ati c tilted bathtub. plu s ho w to wo rk wi th o ut-or- plum b wall seasy eno ug h to do w he n usin g a mort ar bed substrate . Througho ut thi s tape he shows the m an y wa ys a straightedge can be used .
A lso in thi s o ne . Byrn e c uts aro und showe r fa uce ts w ith a biter .
and uses a sna p cu tte r as we ll. His install ati on of trim tile aro und
the pon y wa ll. the wi ndow, and the rad ius bull nose trim pro vided
necessary ins ights, and I pa rtic ularly e njoyed seeing him float
mo rtar fo r the cove and do the deta il c utting for it. As in the
prev ious tap e. he g ive s a tho rough dem on st rati on of gro uting .
Tiling Floors covers a lot of territor y as we ll. Th e floor is
do ne o n a floated mo rta r bed with a tar paper wa te rproofing
membra ne . He co ns tructs a floa ted mo rtar sho we r pan with a
40 - mi l pl ast ic membra ne, and c uts aroun d a toilet flan ge as well
as se tting borde r and cove tiles.
Of the th ree. this tape ca used me the most em barrass me nt,
pa rticularly co nce rn ing the subject of shower pan s. Th e o ne I
bui lt before see ing th is video will no do ubt have to be replaced
so me day soo n. togeth er wi th a rolle d o ut floor , alas ! My o nly
e xc use is ign orance.
So urces fo r all of the mate rial s used in the demonstr ati on s
may be fo und in an appe ndix to the above- me ntio ned book .

an oth e r good reason why the boo k. at $ 17.95. sho uld be co ns ide red an es se ntial inves tme nt for anyo ne wanti ng to use the
videos for ins truc tio n.
I fo und this set o f tap es plus book to be the finest inst ruction
avai labl e o n tilesetting to date. I ca n heartily recommend it
without any reser vati on s. ~
STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION (required by Sec
tion 3685, Titl e 39, United States Code) POPULAR WOODWORKING is publis he d
bimonth ly at 1300 Ga la xy Way #8 , Co ncord. CA 9452 0. Th e nam es and addresses ot the
pub lishe r and the edi tor are : Publisher , EGW Publi shin g Co .l EG W Intern ati on al Corp.. 1300
Galaxy Way #8, Concord, CA 9452 0 : Edi tor. David M. Ca mp . 1300 Ga laxy Wa y #8. Co ncord .
CA 94520 . The owner is EG W Publi shing Co.l EGW International Co rp., Wayn e Lin, Pres ident , 1300 Ga laxy Way #8 , Concord. C A 94520 . The exte nt an d natu re at CIrculation is: A.
Total numb er of copies printed (Net press run) . Average num ber of co pies each issue du ring
preceding 12 month s: 58,0 11. Actual numbe r of co pies of single iss ue publ ished nearest to
filing date : 70,3 80. B. Paid circulatio n. 1. Sa les th rough dealers an d ca rrie rs , street ve ndo rs
and co unte r sales. Aver ag e numb er of co pies eac h issue during the prece ding 12 mo nths :
8,690. Actua l number at copies of single issue pub lished nearest to filing dat e : 15,772 .2 . Mail
subscri ptions (and back issues) . Average numb er of co pies each issue dur ing preced ing 12
mo nths : 46 ,01 7. Actu al numb er of co pies of single issue pub lish ed near est to filing date :
52,563. C. To ta l paid circ ulatio n. Average number of co pies each issue du ring precedi ng 12
months : 54,707 . Actu al numb er of co pies of sing le iss ue pu blis he d nea rest to filing date :
68,33 5. D. Free distribution by mail. ca rrie r or othe r mean s. Sam ples . Com plimentaries and
othe r free co pies . Av erage numb er of co pies eac h issue during preceding 12 mo nths : 267 .
Actua l number of copies 01 single iss ue published nea res t to filing da te : 30 0. E. To tal
distribution (Sum of C an d D). Average number of co pies each issue during preceding 12
months : 54,97 4. Actu al num ber of co pies at sing le issue pub lished nea res t to filing date :
68.635. F. 1. Off ice use , leftover , un accounted, spoile d afte r pr inting . Aver age nu mbe r of
copies eac h iss ue during preced ing 12 mon ths:1,00 4, Act ua l num be r of co pies of single issue
published neare st to filing date: 1,745 . 2. Returns tro m news agents. Avera ge number at
copies eac h iss ue dur ing prece din g 12 months: 2,033 . Actual nu mb er of co pies of single iss ue
published neare st to filing date : None. G . Total (Sum of E an d F sho uld equ al net press run
shown in A). Averag e number of cop ies eac h issue du ring prec edi ng 12 months : 58,01 1.
Actual numbe r of cop ies of single issue published nea res t to fili ng date : 70 ,380 . I ce rti fy that
the sta teme nts mad e by me above are co rrec t and com plete . Wayne Lin, Pres ident

A COMMITMENT TO EXCELLENCE
( TRANSPOWER ONLY 12" AUTO PLANER

$350.00
All sealed
ball bearing
2 HP. liS V. motor
12.5" max cut
width
0.2".6 " cut range
1/ 8 " max cut
depth
Feed 26 FPM
16000 cuts.
8000 RPM
Sta nd height 28 "
Machine
22 "xI2 "xI6 "
Portable 65 Ibs.

CLAMP 'N
TOOL GUIDE
ALL-tN-ONE ...
Bar Clamp
Fence

Straight Edge
Power Toot Guide

As a FENCE or GUIDE, it attaches ten times faster

than 'C' clamping and won't surface mar wood . As a
BAR CLAMP, the unique low profile jaws enable you
to clamp butt-jointed corners (down to V2" material)
and also allow edge clamping. These clamps always
lay flat for easy assembly set-ups. World's fastest,
most versatile bar clamp!
Introducing the best 12 auto
plan er from TRANSPOWER-an
industrial plan er. Powered
to handl e big 12x6 boards.
Top quality planing results
with a vibration free machine.
The husky 14 AMPS motor
efficiently transmitting full
power to the cutter head to
e limi nate snipes. Automatic
feeders feeding in and out.

TWO SIZES AVAILABLE:

'. . $22.95
24" Grip
50" Grip (panel size) .... . ... ..... . . . . $32.95

ORDER TOLL-FREE!

SHORT JJWSALlOW

1 800 428-3809 (Inside California)

1 800228-1806 (Outside California)

EDGE ClAMPING

Master Ca rd. Visa, Check or Money Orde r. In California, add 6% sales tax.

WE PAY FREIGHT within Continental U.S.A.

ACCESSORIES: STAN D BLAD ES FEEDER STAND VACUUM HOOD

1-800-654-7702

In CA (818) 4442824

P.O. Box 3931 S. Et Monte. CA 91733

Dec e mbe r/J an ua ry 19 X9

:E

965 W. VENICE BLVD.

LOS ANGELES. CA 90015
17

,I:):

heltSusiness-

L1
,","", ,;;jjxY'1!,FWV""i',!@MF "?ki@in "",,;,,;!;,,'? ;mH

E n d fM!b?HW?f

Questions About Estimated Taxes

by William L. Smith

J understand that as a self-employe d woodwo rke r J must

pay estima ted income tax es. H o w do J determine h ow mil ch to
pay and when to pay it?

The norma l payment da tes for es tima ted federa l income and
social security taxes for se lf-e m ployed persons are A pril 15.
J une 15. September 15 and Jan uary 15. If yo u begi n
se lf-e mp loyment duri ng the year. the fo llowi ng sc hed ule wo uld
Willia m L. S mith OWII S and opera tes a C omprchcnsivc Busin ess
Servicesfranchise ill Tucson . Arizona , specia lizin g ill accounting ,
111.1'. and business cons ultation services 10 sma ll business and
sclj-cmplovc! professionals.
Popular.
Pocket-size
that the mois ture conte nt of wood is
crucia l. Moisture related defects such as
sur face checks. warpage , cracks , loose
join ts. foggy finishes, etc. , can ruin
the best piece ever built .

MINI -L1GNO

$110
Only

mois ture de fects are irreve rsible.

Therefore do n't waste money and
lime o n wet wood . Use a mo isture
met er to be sure yo u work
only with dry wood

Incl. Case ,
Batteries
and Pins
for :Y'6" and 7/ ' 6"

Measuring Depth.

Ask for

I'" e.. ~

on

moisture meters (range 4-30%,

4-60%) and accesso ries to
mon itor air or kiln drying .

ASHMAN TECHNICAL LTD.

Machinery Tools Shop Equipment

351 Nash Rd , N., Ham ilton . Ont., Can. LBH 7P4
(416) 5602400

CAL L
TOLL
FREE

1-800-263-4507

DUTY CHARGES INCLUDED IN ALL PRICES

SUPER FALL SPECIALS

.~GENERAL
3 HP -

10"

Model 350-1
with Biesemeyer
with EXCALlBUR
160-2 VS Lathe, 1 HP
1180-16" Jo in ter, 1HP
480 8 " Jointer, 11/2 HP
.490- 1 15 " Bendsew, 1 HP

$1340
$1470
$1565
$1100
$740
$1530
$885

DELTA
3 HP - 10" - Tilting Arbor Unisaw
3 HP- 1O" - Unifen ce Model
RT31 10" Scoring Saw

$1279
$1429
$2875
I

- SUPER SPECIALS20" Delta Planer-RC51-5 HP-$4300

New Excalibur Fence$329

u.s. FUNDS IX

FREIGHT COLLECT -

CAL L FOR QUOTATION

apply :
* II' yo u sta rt a fte r Ma rc h 3 1 a nd before June I. your first
pay me nt date is J une IS.
* II' yo u sta rt afte r May 3 1 a nd be fore September I. yo ur
first paym ent da te is Se pte mbe r 15 .
* II' yo u start a fter A ug us t 3 1. the paym e nt da te is January
15th of the fo llowi ng year (a ltho ug h if yo u make the payment
befor e December 3 1. it may he lp wi th yo ur state ta x bil l for that
year) .

What conditions, then, would requ ire that estimated fe deral taxes be paid?
IRS Form 1040- ES pro vid es a wo rks hee t and the forms
needed to calcula te a nd pay any req uire d taxes. (Please not e that
I am addressing o nly federa l taxes here . Requi rem e nts app lying
fo r state incom e taxes va ry in eac h of the states .) Ge nerally. you
mu st pay est ima ted ta x if you expect to owe at leas t $500 aft er
s ubtrac ting any wit hho ldi ng a nd c red its . Estimated taxes are not
req uired if yo u ex pec t yo ur wi thho ld ing a nd credits to exceed:
*90% of the tax du e fo r the current year. or
* 100 % o f the ta x show n o n yo ur immedi ate past full-year
return.
For exam ple. le t' s say yo u calc ulate (w ith yo ur spouse) a
1988 income ta x to be $ 1.200. Yo ur 19 87 tax tot al wa s $ 1.234.
$ 1.08 0 is 90 % 01'$ 1.200 . so if yo ur w ithho ldi ng and credits tota l
bet ween $ 1.080 and $ 1.234. no es timated ta x is req uire d because
90 % wi ll have been paid. J ust be sure it is 90% and not 89 %. or
a pe na lty may app ly! Wh en the d ifferen ce between your wi thholdin g/cred its a nd the 90 % exceeds $500. es tima ted payments
mu st be made pe r the sc hed ule ab o ve . (Note that if two payment
dates rem ain. pay hal f each tim e . and so for th.)
Co ntin uing with th is exam ple. if yo ur withholdin g and
credi ts total $ 1.234 (the pre viou s year's tax total ) o r more. no
es timated taxes need be paid . Eve n if it turns o ut you owe
$ 10 .000 . the balan ce can be paid w ith yo ur return o n or before
Ap ril 15. 1989.
To de term ine the project ed inco me. be sure to include all
so urces of incom e and item ized de d uc tions for yo urse lf and (if
marrie d) yo ur spo use . As a se lf-em ployed woodworker. of
co urse. yo u are respon sible to pay se lf-emp loy me nt tax o n your
net bu sin ess income. For 1988 . se lf-e m p loyme nt ta x is 13.02 % .
T his tax is du e even if no inco me ta x is du e. As an example.
ass ume yo u begin yo ur bu sin ess lat e in the ye ar and ha ve $3.550
gross rece ipt s and bu sin ess de d uc tions of $2.100. Your
se lf-em ploy me nt net incom e is $1.450. At 13.02 % your
se lf-em ploy me nt tax is $ 188.79 . (Note : Please be sure that yo u
are usin g the correct ta x rates in es tim a ting your income ta x.
S ince the Tax Re form Ac t o f 1986. ta x rates and lim its ha ve
c ha nged sig nificantly eac h ye ar. In add ition. Congress continues to mak e " minor adj ustme nts" so do uble chec k to assure you
are using the latest info rma tio n available.)
It may seem imp ossibl e to be ab le to project so pr eci se ly what
yo ur tot al ye a r incom e and ex pe nses wi ll be several mon ths
a head . For this reason , I find mos t peopl e are best off to use the
" 100% o f pri or ye ar's tax" as the best co urse to follow . Genera lly . it wi ll no t be a gre at hardshi p an d wi ll ass ure that no
pen alt ies w ill acc rue . If it is a gre at hard ship. the n it is worth the
Pop ular Woodworking

effort req uired to project yo ur incom e acc urate ly.

As with any tax matter, do co nsult yo ur personal tax adv iso r
before makin g final decision s in your unique situation.

If I find that l must pay estimated taxes, how do I disciplin e

myselfto ha ve th e money available when th ose large paym ent s
come du e?
Eac h per so n mu st rev iew their indiv idual c ircums tances, of
co urse , but let me make two sugges tions that may help yo u move
in the righ t d irecti on .
First, by wha teve r meth od you choose, bui lding a cash
reserve is essentia l to your business success whether taxes are
due or not. Th erefor e, the very best disc ipline is to put a cert ain
percent age-probabl y about 30%- into a sav ings acco unt that
is separate fro m norm al operating fund s. T his should be done
with eve ry co llec tion you make , whether $50 or $5,000. Put the
30% (or whatever) as ide. It will hurt at first, like withho ld ing
from a paycheck , but it can get very routin e if you will ju st start
doin g it.
T he 30 % fig ure is not j ust pull ed out of the air. 13% is for
social sec uri ty, 15 % is for " norma l" fede ral incom e tax, and
then you may need as much as 8% for state and local taxes,
depending upon whe re yo u live. 30% will at least get yo u close.
If yo ur gross receipts include materi als costs or substantial
ove rhead, yo u will make appro pria te adj ustme nts, of co urse. But
do n' t use th is as an exc use not to start sav ing some of the money

from your recei pts for taxes. Start with 4 or 5 percent. if you
must. Just start. If you do n't start now, think about the fact that
a year from now yo u will owe this year's tax. plu s yo u will al so
owe for next yea r- probably more than twice what you owe
righ t now.
Second, if yo u do have a busines s plan or projection of some
sort. li se it. Taxes shou ld be an integral part of any plan. If taxe s
are not curre ntly inclu ded, add the tax calculation and use tha t
figure as a start to have the tax mo ney on hand ju st as you have
the money to make eq uipment payments, ma terial s purchases,
etc. Taxes are just another business expense, and you shou ld
always think of them that way. You wa nt to minimize all
business ex penses - includ ing taxes. Procrastination is as muc h
a prob lem with se lf-employe d businesses as cas h flo w and poo r
man agem en t. Start on the right foot from day one, and success
will follow. ~

r B
ook..ReWews+.
continued from page 15
the Ame rican Hard wood Association, but that work, when
co mpared to this new one, is just a pamphlet. This book gives
roughly a half page of tex t with a large color photo to each of
about 270 species, then shows clo seup photos of selected grains
of two dozen mo re. T he book seems deceptively unimpressive-unti l yo u start compari ng it to the others of its type. Is it
wort h the ex tra $30? Sorry, billfold; I' m afraid so . ~

CONTROL THE SPEED OF YOUR ROUTER

ROUTE AT THE SPEED
THAT GIVES THE BEST
RESULTS WITH THE
WOOD AND BIT YOU
ARE USINGI

BETTER, SAFER RESULTS

WITH LARGE DIAMETER
PANELRAISING BITS

nAoL SPi:~~

LESS TEAR OUT

STOPS BURNING
FEED AT COMFORTABLE RATE

.3

LESS WEAR ON BITS

LESS NOISE AND SOFTER STARTS
AT LOWER SPEEDS

co;=.

10

NOWI Plane, Mold

and sand with
Infinitely Variable
Power-Feed!

7.

.9 8

Put this versatile power-feed too l

to work in your own shop. See how
fast it pay s for itself! Q uick ly con vert s low-cost rough lumber into
valuab le fini shed stock, quarterround, cas ing, base mold . tongue
& groo ve . . . all popular pat tern s . .. eve n custom de signs!

FEATURES:
SPEED ADJUSTABLE FROM FULL SPEED TO 0 RPM
FULL HORSEPOWER AND TORQUE AT ALL SPEEDS
GO BACK AND FORTH FROM ANY PRESET SPEED
TO FULL SPEED AT THE FLIP OF A SWITCH

NEW! Variable Feed Rate- ow. j ust a twist o f

the dial adj usts yo ur planer fro m 70 to ove r 1000
cut s-per -inch! Produ ces a glass-s moo th finish on
trick y grain pattern s no other planer can handl e.

WORKS WITH ALL ROUTERS 3 HP OR LESS

120V 15 AMP
GIVES YOUR ROUTER A FEATURE ONLY AVAILABLE
ON ROUTERS THAT COST OVER $500.00

EASY TO USE - SIMPLY PLUG IN SPEED CONTROL AND PLUG YOUR

ROUTER INTO THE SPEED CONTROL - TURN DIAL FOR BEST RESULTS.
(SPEED CONTROL HAS A CLIP THAT CAN BE WORN ON YOUR BELT OR
HUNG ON WALL OR LEFT LOOSE.)

Creale cuslommoldings fromany

stock. Choose fromover 250standard
trim and pictureframe panerns... er
design your ownl

REDUCES SPEED ELECTRONICALL Y WITHOUT REDUCING TORQUE;

ELECTRONIC FEED-BACK MAINTAINS SPEED BY INCREASING VOLTAGE
TO MOTOR AS LOAD INCREASES.

December/Jan uary 1989

Phone TOLL FREE; 1-800-538-4200, EIt. 0 3 3 4

.~

_. _/ ! I

.
tr

'V --

WOOOMASTER TOOLS. INC. Dept. 3P4

2908 OAK KANSAS CITY, MO64108
YES! Rush FREEtNFORMATION KIT and
details 00.",
ree InatGuarantee

IMME

To orde r by Master Charge or Visa Toll Free

7 Day - 24 Hour Order Service , Call

1-800-533-9298 (In PA 1-800-346-7511 , Ext. 56)

or send check to MCLS, Ltd., P.O. Box 4053 PS , Rydal PA 19046

----------- ...
~ ~ llo. ,

Powerleedsanding speedS
producllon andImproves quality. No
morewaves or cross-grain scratches.

I ADDRESS
I CITY
I1..;.
STATE

I
I

ZIP

I
I
...
I

19

00

SWISS
PRECISION
ENGINEERING
THE MOST VERSA TILE
VISE & CLAMP
SYSTEM EVER!

IDEAL FO R
ALL YOUR
WORKSHO P
NEEDS!

CLAMPS ANYTHING _ .
WHEN & WHERE YOU NEED IT!
Professional Contractors and
Industrial Users throughout
Europe and the U .S.A. attest to the
reliable serviceability of this Zyliss System .
Weighing only 10 Ibs ., and completely
portable. the Zyliss does no t require bolt ing .
and allows full use of your workbench ;
quickly and easily removed when not in use .

it's the only tool you can use absolutely

anywhere . . . bench , sawhorse. backyard
fence . etc. It is completely stable and totally
secure as any bolted bench -vise . Prec isio n
made from rustproof hardened alloy and
unconditionally guaranteed aga inst
breakage . the Zyl iss acts as a second pair of
hands, keeping yours free to do the job.

iF=-

r~

' t~r ~~
M~~el $169.95
Clark
national
Product/. inc.

984 Amelia Avenue,

SAN DIMAS, CA 91773 :
(714) 592-2016

20

Pop ular Wo od working

DANIELS DISCOUNT TOOLS

Free Shipping

~'lI<""--~

SAVE TIME SAVE CASH

FAMOUS TOOLS FOR LESS

412-655-7541
~..........-

Bosch

Milwaukee Tool s
5371-1
6508
6368
0234-1

1/2" Hammer Drill Kit

w/Case
Sawzall w/Case
71/4" Saw w/Case
Carbon Blade,Ripfence
1/2" Magnum Hole Shooter

1582VS
1651
1652
1581VS

$199 .80
$129.87
$133.88
$119.88

Call
71/4" Circular Saw
5007NB
8419B-2W 3/4" Hammer Drill w/CaseCall
Call
6093DW Cord less Driver-Drill
6012HDW Cordless Driver-Drill Kit Call

for
for
for
for

price
price
price
price

Bostitch

N60FN-2

$369.80
$409 .80

Nailer Coil 4D-12D

Nailer Stick 6D-160
Nailer Coil Roofing
7/a" x 13/4"
Nailer - Finishing
11/4" - 21/2"

Variable Speed Jig Saw

71/4" Circular Saw
8 1/4" Circular Saw
Top Handle Variable
Speed Jig Saw

$ 139 .80
$99 .88
$ 109.88
$159 .80

Porter-Cable

Makita

N80C
N80S
N12B

CALL TOLL FREE 1-800-537-3274

LARGE SELECTION

315-1
665
9627
345
314
97650

71/4"Circular Saw
4000 RPM Drywall Drill
Tiger Cub Reciprocating
Saw - 2 Speed
Saw Boss
41/2" Trim Saw
1/2" USR Hammer Drill Kit

$109.77
$89 .80
$135 .80
$109 .77
$124.80
$149.80

Free Catalog
Hours 8-4 EST
Call Now 1-800-537 -3274
Many other famous tools at LOW LOW prices.

$379.80
$299 .80

WOODWORKER I

(For the Radial Saw) This is my original Woodworker blade-most desired by the A merican
craft sman. Kerf %,', 60 teet h. 20 0al ternate bevel w ith micro-finish grind. Carbide C4 hard and 40 % stronger. Perfect,
polished cuts in every di rection. The one blade that does it all-for as long as you'll cut wood or plastics . Designed for
use primarily on your radial saw, thin kerf gives bett er pull-control and less bottom splinter on both CROSSCUT and
RIPPING. Av ailable in S", 9" and 10" diameters . Recommended to use w ith dampener. See below.

WOODWORKER II

(For the Table Saw) My new All PURPOSE blade-primarily for your table-saw %" kerf . 30
t o 40 t eeth (see below) . Modified altemate-bevel with micro-finish grind . Exclusive Forrest 400 carbide. Designed for
super-fast and super-smooth CROSSCUTIING and RIPPING in heavy, solid stock w ith a sm ooth-as-sanded su rface. We
rip 2 " Red Oak with 1 HP at th e shows leavi ng surface smoother than a j oi nt er, then speed-miter and crosscut soft
and hardw oods and PLY-VENEERS with NO BOTIOM SPUNTERING . Generally I recomm end 40 teeth . How ever, if your
ripping includes a lot of heavy 1 y," t o 2 " hardwoods, specify 3 0 teeth . See dampener information. STOP CHANGING
BLADESI (wa st es 2 -5 minutes) Just mis.e for thick woods, ~ for thin woods and oerfect cut eveoohing !
A VOID ch eap imports! W OOD W ORKER I and /I elim inate scratchy saw cuts for th e rest of your life!!
lTITOOT H DADO SET cuts all 1/4 " -13/16" flat bottom grooves WITH or CROSSGRAIN all woods and VENEER PlYS.
. ''''1No splintering due to unique 4T and BT fillers and 24T outside saws . NOTHINGUKE IT IN THE U.S.A.!
Testi monial " I fin ally bo ught one and found all you r outrageous cla ims to be true!"
. D A M P E N E R STIFFENER One Side Aids A Smoot her, Quieter Cut!!
Holds blade rigi d an d true tor better cuts on your ma chine . Dampen s out
motor and be lt vibrat ions from being tran sm itted up to the rim of the teet h
caus ing scratchy cuts . Gre atly redu ce s cutting no ise . - Helps kill saw
scream- wh istle from any vibrating blade surface. - Is hardened and
preci sion ground para llel and flat wi thin .00 1 to keep your blade true.
N

SPECIAL LOW PRICE SALE

WDODWORKER I Radial Saw
WAS
NOW 50% OFF
10" 60T
$162
SBl
9" 60T
156
79
8" 60T
150
75
WOODWORKER II Table Saw AI %',
10" 40T
$156
S 78
g"

Dealer
40 years of fine A merican saw making & sharpening.

FORREST MANUFACTURING COMPANY, INC.

250 Delawanna Ave.. Clifton, NJ 07014

Dec ember/January 19 X9

Inqu~ries

:~~

;~

63
6B
SB
49
49

..""':l.

S1.50 ....
SHIPf'lNG

SHO

Inqoire for Larger Industrial Sizes

- Can be remov ed Instantly if ne.ed requires for deep cuts . - O ne aga inst the
outsioe leaves blade centered In slot of steel table Insert. 6 da mpener on
10 blade give s 2 cutdepth. Use 5 ~ dampen er If always In 11.22" deep cu ts .
Remove or use 4 ~ for 3" cuts. For 8 ~ and s" blades. figu re da mpen er size
M

accordingly.
6" Dampe ner S23 5" Dam pen er $22 4" Dampener S20

WE RECOMMENO OUR FACTORY SHA RPENING ... 2-3 DAYS ON THESE AND AU MAKES OF CARBIDE TIP SAWS. SHIP INUPS
NOW ... ORDER the one blade that win outlast youl (10-20 sharpenings POSSible).
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED OR FUU CASH REFUND

~i

30T
125
B" 40T
136
30T
115
7 W ' 30T
112
7" 30T
112
B" Dado 24T 13/16" set 2W

W elcome.

ADD S2
SHIP.

10 X 40T$14.25. 60T$16.B3
AddrenmUPS $3 '" 2nd Day Air $5.

We honor Amex. Visa & MasterCard.

Money Orders . Personal Check s and COOs.

To order BY MAi l clip ad. circle choices and

enclose payment. Specify Dept. PW when ordering.
PHONE TOL L FREE!
1-800-526-7852 (In NJ : 20 1-473 -5236)

21

"~-TFied

and True

Boring Tools: From Bradawls to Beam-Borers

b Graham Blackburn

When we think of bor ing hol es. the

electric drill co mes to mind . Thi s tool has
seen some interesting improvem ent s in
recent years. most notabl y the int rodu ction of co rd less var ieties. Alth ou gh infrequen t or irreg ular user s ma y find the rechargi ng requirem ent s incon veni ent . it
ca nnot be den ied that liberation from the
tool ' s umb ilical co rd is a g reat ad vant age.
Co nte m po rary technol og y ha s thu s
brought the form of the drill full c irc le.
Once agai n it is possibl e to bore o r dr ill
from high up on a ladd er or in ti ' htly
cramped crawl-spaces without the co nstraining tangle of power cords. Whil e it
is true that the elec tric drill offer s the
benefits of increa sed power. it sho uld not
be for gott en that before its introducti on.
holes were made whereve r and however
needed with a varie ty of handtool s s pecia lly ada pted for vario us tasks. Man y o f
these tools ca n still be found; famili ar ity
with them ca n prove ve ry advantageo us
when a power drill-s-cord less or otherwise-is unavailable.
First. a few definiti on s. which are more
co nve ntional than strictly log ical. Both
bor ing and drilling mean the same thin g:
to pierce or make a hole in some thing.
Ho wever . when metalworkers re fer to a
drill . it is the actual drill bit that is usuall y
meant. Wh en woo dwo rke rs say " d rill:'
they usuall y mean the tool that holds the
drill bit ; the bit is normall y more exactly
spec ified as an auger bit or a drill bit. etc..
as the ca se may be. Thus. in this article.
wh en the word "drill" is used it will e ithe r
be modifi ed by a prefi x to indicate a
spec ific borin g tool. modified by a s uff ix
to ind icate a speci fic form o f bit. or used
on its ow n to refer to the e ntire tool.

Awls and Gimlets

Start ing with the smalles t members of
the borin g too l fami ly. we imm ed iatel y
run into an area of co mmo n co nfus ion
co nce rn ing the di fferen ce bet ween aw ls
and gi m lets. Both mak e small holes- for
starting sc rews. nail s. or even simply to
ena ble othe r materials to be passed into or
throu gh the material bein g pierced . Th e
way in which they do thi s. thou gh . is
Graham Blackburn is a furniture designer!
maker in Soque l. Californi a and the author
IJ(many hooks on woodwo rking and home
maintenance includin g Floors. Walls and
Ceilings.

22

F~. :1 5 cYl!frch-Aw15

MctNL lip

2
~

!
~

.~
~

L--

different . "Awl" isoneofthose word s that

has lost its original initial vn" by tran sference . and was origina lly speled "nal ", An
aw l co mes to a point--either simple or
chise l-shaped. A gim let. on the other
hand. has a sc rew at its tip. ju st like a
miniatu re auger bit. "Gimlet" (sometimes
spe lled "gi rnblet") is actu all y the diminutive form of the now obsolete word
"w imble"-which meant practicall y the
same as an auge r: so think ofa gim le t as an
"auge rlette" and you will not co nfuse
gim let with awl.
Almos t eve ry trad e possessed its own
va rie ty of aw ls. How ever. as far as woodwor ke rs are co nce rned. there are but two
kind s o f awls: bradawls (usually no w
spe lled as one wo rd) and sc ratch awls.
Of these two. only the bradawl is a true
borin g or hole-making tool. since the
scratch awl. as the name imp lies. is a

---'

marking tool. used to scratch a mark in the

wood . If its point is kept sharp it can be
very useful for defining a very prec ise
point or line . but if abu sed and allo wed to
becom e blunt. it makes a mess, tear ing the
fiber s of the wood acro ss which it is
dra gged . For this reason a marking kni fe
is co mmo nly preferred. Th e sc ratch aw l
doe s have the advantage (when sharp) of
bein g less like ly than a knife to follow the
grain instead o f the desired line. For fine
delin eati on a lon g-bladed sc ratch aw l is
an e lega nt tool (see Figur e I). Th e co mmonly ava ilable shorte r and stouter design is well suited for marking po ints.
occasionall y bein g struck with a hammer
to mak e a deep er indentation in the man ner of a metalworker' s ce nter pun ch .
The brad awl is usually fitted with a
steel blad e from l " to 3" lon g which
fini shes in a small chi se l- shaped point
Popul ar Wood work ing

Fig. 3

Fjg.2

F;~.

Btiw

C OlM l'1I\tVt

Twisl::

GiVl-1/et

o-iu

13YV'1t=?1awl

.c:

'5

ro

-s
'"
~
<J>

c
.9

u;

----J

L..-

5"

---Sbri~

(se e Figure 2 ). The handle is invariabl y

stra ight and turned like a small chisel' s
handle (in di stinction to a gim let's handle.
whi ch is se t at right a ng les to the blad e ).
Its use, whi ch is not a lways properl y
und ersto od . is a s follow s : th e
c hise l-shape d point is pres sed into the
wood at right an gles to the gra in. and the
tool is twi sted back and forth so that it
wo rks its wa y into the wood by pu shing
the fib ers apart. If started with the point
parall el to the grain, on e ha s less control
over the actual point of entry and furthermore run s the risk of splitting the wood to
a lar ger ex te nt than the hole is to occupy.
Th is too l mu st therefore. like the sc ratch
aw l. be kept sha rp. and not be allo wed to
ban g ab out in the toolbox so that its chisel
point ge ts blunted.
T he g im le t al so ex ists in a surp rising
va riety of typ es. It is invariabl y furn ished
December/January 19R9

with a handle that form s a " T' with its

metal sha nk. Its oth er salient charac te ristic is that whatever the design of the
shank. it always starts with a sc re w point
(see Figure 3). Whi le this initia lly pull s
the tool into the wood and pu shes the
fib er s apart ju st like the bradawl. the
g im le t is de si gned so that once it is entered into the materia l. it w ill then c ut
shavings and e nlarge the ho le.

Hand Drills
Dri lls, in on e form or another (no t including au ger s and braces), have be en
known for a ve ry lo ng time. as evidenced
by representations of clearly recognizab le too ls on a ncient Egyptian buildings
and artifacts starti ng from around 2,500
B.C.! The vari ety common among an c ient c ivilizatio ns which ha s rem ain ed
essentiall y unchanged to thi s day (being
still co mmo nly used in many third world

countries) is the bo w drill.

Ba sic all y. the bo w drill co ns ists of a
stra ight or bobbin- shaped stoc k holding a
drill bit whi ch is turn ed by mean s of a
string or cord wo und around it (see Figure
4 ). It is supposed that th e earl iest ve rs io n
mu st hav e been dev el op ed from the string
o f a bow bein g wra ppe d aro und an arrow .
A more recent de sign know n as a fiddl e
drill co ns ists of a stra ig ht. rath er tha n
c urve d rod (like a vio lin bo w ). wi th a
s lack cord attach ed to it. Althou gh pr imaril y used for rel ati vel y sm a ll holes.
lar ger bo w or fiddl e drills we re used w ith
pads. o r brea stpl ates- I ike a mod ern
breast drill.
Th e o rig ina l pump d rill. like the bo w
drill . wo rked by mean s of a cord wr a ppe d
around the stoc k (see Fig ure 5): ho we ve r.
unlike the bo w. whi c h was wo rke d by
bein g mo ved fro m s ide to s ide, the ann to

23

Tried and frue

Pump Dv ill

Cord- wiMds
MmNvld tI1Md
u V1 ~p.s -frzw1I1

5t?Jcle Vl5 5f-3de

yoCtIlf-es - -

- - - - Dvdl bit

~
.~
~

"

L.-

----' ;;

Hal1dle

---Doub/~-spjYt'f1
SYltHll.

~~~_,HCWltt le . vvl1el1
"Ii

MINed vp (JY A6WJ1

t'!n'"

Y1J (,,,1-5

;V1 ~ P;ycchn"
1~-- WP""' CO VeTed. Nvt

lL--, _!l........- --

Ch vc~

Dyill bi/;:

14

which the pu mp dri ll's cord was attached

was pushed up and down . Since the stock
and its bit are req uired to rotate in both
direct ion s. its use is co nfined to relativel y
hard materials suc h as very den se wood.
china. or stone. If used in soft wood. the
bit wo uld stick and be unable to rotat e
backwards.
T he up and down mo tion of the pump
dri lls bow led d irectl y to the invention of
the Arc h ime dea n dr ill. Desp ite the ancie nt G ree k nam e . the tool does not appear to have been kno wn before the nineteenth ce ntury. hav ing been so named
prob abl y as a result of increasin g awareness of the Archimedes screw water pump
used in the Le vant (w h ich raises water by
mea ns of a ro ta ting screw ). The
Arc hime dea n drill co ns ists of a spiral
shan k rot at ed b y a ( usually )
woo d--cove red nut that is moved up and
do wn the shank (see Figure 6). Since the
dri ll turns in bo th direc tions. the bits used
are made so as to cut in both directions.
T he chief adva ntage of this drill is that
bei ng small and slender. it is admirab ly
suited for use in narrow space s where the
use ofan auger. a brace. or even an electric
drill wo uld be d ifficult or impos sible.
An im provement on this basic type
was an Arch imedean drill fitted wi th a
ratc he t in the handl e. enabling the drill bit
to re vol ve in o nly one direction . From this
type with its obvious adva ntages over the
bow dr ill. it was but a sma ll step to the
double- spiral Archimcdean dri ll (see
Figure 7) . T he double spira l. togeth er
with a reversin g device in the handle.
allows a co nstant forward motion to be
mainta ined regard less of the dir ection in
wh ich the handl e is being moved. These
tools. o nce q uite co mmon (Stanley
Tools marketed a "reciprocating" double
spira l Arch imedean drill for a considerab le time ) are now rare. but the principl e
be hind them is embod ied in the contemporary spiral ratchet type of drill and
screwdriver. In fact. the modern push
drill, most com mo nly exemplified by the
Stanlcy push dr ill (see Figure 8). is a
di rect desce nda nt. possessing the added
advantage of bei ng ab le 10 be used with
o nly one hand. Unfo rtuna tely . only its
bigger co us ins are capab le of revolving
only one way at a tim e; the push drill
there fore still req uires bits formed to cut
Popular Woodworking

continued
in both direction s. Thi s makes the drilling
faster but ca n so me times ca use problems
in ex tracting the bit. For this reason , the
push drill is reall y o nly useful for relativel y small hol es.
Of all the va rious hand drill s, the one
that is usually meant when the term is
used toda y (and indee d the one that requ ires no other qu ali fyin g adjec tive ) is the
kind thought to have been inve nted toward s the end of the eig htee nth ce ntury in
France and brou ght to its present leve l of
perfect ion as a result of American innova tions develop ed imm ediately afte r the
Civil War (see Figure 9) . The hand drill ,
made possibl e by the use of bevel gears in
various combinations and the use of
improve d chuck design s, is an ideal tool.
It is light we ight , co mpac t, capable of
posi tive movem ent in either forwa rd or
reverse dir ect ion , and very efficient as a
result of the different geari ng ratios made
available by altering the relat ive sizes of
the bevel gears. Older models are frequentl y far supe rior to those ava ilable
today. Though some modern versions
have "ex tras" such as hollow handl es
co ntaining a se lec tion of drill bits, and
side handl es that are attac hable on either
side, cas tings on the older tools are frequently stronger (and prettier) and the
drills have extra gears to provide a surer
movement , as we ll as adjustable cra nks
which can offer different speeds.
Breast drills are larger hand drill s of
the sort ju st described , but additiona lly
fitted with some form of pad enabling the
tool to be held firml y (and comfortably)
aga inst the chest, thu s leaving both
hand s free-one fo r turn ing the crank and
the other fo r holding the side handl e.
Older mod els dating from the middle of
the nineteenth ce ntury usually had
simple tapered soc ket or screw tightened chucks, and large sa ucer-shaped
breast pads (see Fig ure 10). Whil e simple
in design , they are enormo usly effective and sho uld not be passed over
lightly. Of co urse , mor e recent models
may be ex pec ted to possess more modern ch ucks, but co ntemporary new
tool s are rare ly eq uipped wit h the same
bui lt-in levels (ensuring accurate horizontal boring) and niceti es of gearing
choices frequently found in ea rlier varieties.
Deeember/l anuary 1989

P!1' 9

HaVld Drill

----He~d

Bevel
GeaYS

T.vO-s&fed yev~ ihl~

DY"ill B it:'

- - - D y il l Bit

~allcey-s~ped
I3v~t-

F;g.IO

Pt'ld

Mld -I CHh ccV/t.

Bveast DYi /I

- - - Screw - CJ3hl:el1ed- OwC!e...

.,.."o----:T.YVlte VlIVl3 Sev-eW

- - - [)y ilt Bi 1:.

25

T- 5t-1aped Ht1 Vld le..

c. Twi5t Arge-v

Leld SCr'ew

/2 b C;rypeVlreY 5 Nvr A~ey

Ivrvetlded ~tvtV1k 11~

Nut

WttShev

a..

>-

.0

c
'"
Q
l-

----'

Augers
T his mos t venerable gro up of boring
tools provided, unt il very rec entl y, the
o nly av ailab le meth od o f bo ring large
holes. Like "a wl." the wo rd " au ger" has
lost its init ial " n" (as well as a co uple of
othe r letters), T he or ig ina l spe lling"nafu-gar't-i-g ives a bell e I' clu e to its
or igina l purp ose . " Gar" is the Scand inavi an wor d for " bo re r." "Nafu" is the
word for navel, meaning the ce nte r o f
so me thi ng, and the nave o f a whee l is the
cent er of the whee l's hub. Hen ce the
a uger was develop ed as a tool used to bore
the large holes required in the ce nter o f
whee ls.
Its di stin cti ve woode n handl e , filled to
the met al shank so as to form a "'T," is
more vulne ra ble to wear and decay than
the shank itse lf. so it is no wo nde r that
only the metal part s s urv ive from num er ous Rom an ex am p les . Ho wever. many
prints illu strate the use o f thi s easily recog nizable tool th rou gh out the Mi dd le

26

~L_

Ages, up until wh ich time the met al part

was invariabl y spoo n-s haped (see Fig ure
I Ia) . T hereafte r. the nose auge r made its
ap pea ra nce . Thi s ha s the shape of a hal f
cy linde r wi th the ve ry tip bent to form a
CUlli ng edge (see Fig ure II b) whi ch
clean s out the hole bein g mad e and at the
sa me time hel ps to keep the auger firm ly
in co ntac t with the wood to be cut -a
difficult process if only und ertaken by the
pressur e of one 's hand s which mu st be
rem oved eve ry time a co m plete revolu tion is made . Finally, towards the end of
the e ightee nth ce ntury, the now fam iliar
twist auger (see Figure Il c ) beca me
popular.
On e so-called auge r still readily avail ab le- the holl ow auge r-is, in fact. no
au ger at a ll, but rath er a form of bit. since
it docs not make any so rt of hole bu t
mer el y shapes a ro und ten on that may be
filled into a hole. To ca ll it a holl o w bit is
hardl y more exact. but it has no other
nam e !

...

On e othe r point of interest that sho uld

be clear ed up whil e discussing the varieties o f a uge rs is the definition of " nu t
auge r" or, as it is so me times also refe rred
to , "carpe nters nut auger." Thi s is no t a
variety o f a uge r mad e for a specific purpose, but rather a description o f a meth od
for attachi ng auger handl es. Inasmu ch as
carpent er s (and ho use fra mers) frequ entl y fo und it necessary to prov ide
them sel ves with augers of var ious sizes
(but all for the sa me ge nera l purpo seboring peg ho les in the timbers and be am s
of hea vy timber-framed buildings), a uge rs we re so me times made so that the
handl es we re det ach abl e, thu s allow ing
one handl e to se rve several tool s. Th e
ea rlies t meth od o f accomplishing th is was
to for ge the handl e end of the shank into a
ring into wh ich a rem ov abl e handl e mig ht
be fille d as need ed . Th e se a ugers are
known as eye d-auge rs (see Figu re 12'1 ).
A later development that provid ed a mo re
sec ure attac hme nt was the CUlling of a
Pop ular Wood working

, W?

continued

F(g./3
W oov{

BOY'"V}j

MvrchiVlC

Bevel

GCVfYS

- ~ =c:--

thread o n the handl e end o f the sha nk. A

hole was made in the cente r of the handl e,
which could then be placed ove r the
threaded shank (also provided with some
form of flan ge to prevent the handl e from
sliding too far down ), and the handl e
co uld then be sec ured by mean s of a
washer and nut (see Figure 12b)-hence
the nam e!
Th e latest development of the auge r is
not strictly an auge r, but since it employs
the sa me form of auger twi st bit and is
used for the sa me purpose as ma ny au ge rs, this is as conve nient a place as any to
menti on it. T he boring ma chin e (see Figure 13) largely repl aced the ca rpe nter's
auge r for the purpose of bor ing large
beam s (whe n peg holes were required in
morti se and tenon joints) . Th e auge r twist
bit is held in a metal fram e which ma y in
some models be posit ioned to bore holes
at different angl es. With the ope rator sitting astride the wo ode n platform to which
this frame is attached . the bit is turn ed and
December/January 1989

fed into the wood by gea rs operated by

two handheld cranks. Depending on the
pitch of the lead screw on the tip of the bit
and also some times by the gearing on the
feed mechani sm , the rate of boring can be
adapted to the den sity of the wood. Asid e
from a 1{2" e lectric drill (w hich, it should
be noted, lack s the sec ure ang le al ignment
of the boring machine), the re is no more
effic ient wa y of bor ing large holes in big
beam s.

The Brace and Bit

Whol e book s ha ve been writte n tracin g

the development o f the bra ce and bit .
which is a ll the more s urprising when one
co nside rs that it is amon g the most rece ntly arr ived of borin g tools. not bein g
known before the fifteenth ce ntury!
Ano the r surprising fact is that although
met al versions we re available by the sixteenth century. there was a lon g period
whe n woode n form s pr edominated.
Th ese tool s were subje ct to breakage at
the narrow "cro ss-grained parts which

co nstitute the arms of the crank-the very

feature that makes them so supe rior to the
auger. ( It is the crank which enables the
brace to be used in a con tinuously circu lar
motion . thereb y avoidin g the stop-and
go-action of the au ger whi ch occurs as
the position of the hands is changed with
every revoluti on. ) T o stre ngthen the se
weak areas. metal fac ings , or frame s,
were add ed-henc e the tenn "frame d" or
"plated " brace (see Figure 14). Th e devel opme nt o f these frames . togeth er with the
adva nces that we re mad e in ch uck design,
has crea ted an ex treme interest in these
tools. From the ea rlies t all-beech mod els
of the eightee nth ce ntury to the magni fice nt bra ss-plated . ivo ry-ri nge d. ebo ny
and rosewood examples kno wn as "U ltimatum s" or " e Plu s Ultras" of the late
ninet eenth century. no more hand some
borin g tool was ever mad e. and it is probably fair to say that . alon g with the woo de n
plou gh plane. no tool has been as mu ch
studied or as coveto us ly coll ected .
27

More to the point of this article are the

va riations that were made on the metal
ver sion s that follo wed (see Fig ure 15).
A ltho ugh it is the ve ry sweep of the cra nk
whi ch gives the brace its power (and the
larger the sweep. the grea ter the torque
and therefore the eas ier it is to bore a
hole ). thi s ve ry crank so me times operates
to the tool' s disad vant age by bein g in the
way in narrow quarter s. To overcome this
probl em most modern braces are fitted
with reversible ratchets, whi ch allow the
tool to be rotat ed through onl y a part of its
full circl e. Sometimes eve n this is inco nveniently restricting and so the co rne r
brac e (see Figure 16) was devised. With
this tool the bit can be present ed to the
area to be bored at such an angle that the
operation of the crank is not interfered
with .
A furt her refin ement of this idea is the
an gular brace ex tension. Thi s is clamp ed
into the brace ' s ch uck and by means of a
universal joint, adjustabl e to any des ired
an gle. Th e bit , which is then fixed in the
extension 's chuck , may be used in almos t
an y positi on.
A sim ilar idea, but not strictly a brace
since there is no cra nk, is the so-called
hand ratchet brac e which looks exac tly
like a large aut o me ch ani c' s ratchet fitted
with the typical woo dworking brace's
head (o r nave, as it is more properly
known ).
Th e subje ct of braces deserves an article to itself, as does a discu ssion of all
the var ious bits that may be emp loye d
with them and with other borin g tools, but
for the mome nt it sho uld be obv ious that
dri lling tool s are far from borin g. ~

F!g.I+
5eech ?V1d .BYa.55-FmV'vle.d.
BYV'\ce

Hcc::l cL

......;...~_..J"....---H ead
(JY" Newt:.

I_ -

s weep -

r=~ . 16

CrC7Vlk.F!9.15

M oden1
Me 1:;,1 EY'e:tce

"

'

'"

'"

Chvck.. - - - -..

2X

Popular Woodworking

Dealer's
choice.
The Excalibur T-Slot Fence System
turns table saws i!)J precision
woodworking,n1achines. Easily
fittedJcrGeneral Rockwell/
Detfa, Powermatic, Crafts/"
man, etc., for a life~~
time of precision
~

perlormanc ~

EXCALIBUR
.. .
;

fEXCALIBUR MACHINE & TOOL COMPANY

U.S.A.

210 Eighth St. South,

Lewiston, NY 14092
'lDLL FREE: 1800387-9789

CANADA
3241 Kennedy Rd., #7
Scarborough , OntoM1V 2J9
. ._ _
(416) 291-8190

1IIIIIIlIi

PLEASE PHONE FOR THE NAME OF YOUR NEAREST DEALER

THE EXCALIBUR T-SLOT FENCE SYSTEM

IS AT SELECTED DEALERS NOW!
DEALER INQUIRIES ARE WELCOME

Ed Moulthrop

by Hugh Foster

Ste phe n Hawkin g, the famo us co ntemporary Briti sh astrophysicist says,

" O ne is who one is because of what one
does." I'd like to add to that not ion by
pointing o ut ho w much better o ne perfo rms whe n on e loves what one does. If
ever there were such a man , a love r of
w ha t he d o e s , it wo u ld be Ed
Moulthrop-perh ap s the wor ld's preem inent turn er of large bow ls. I' ve met
few peopl e who were as perfectly
pleased with who they are and what
they 're doin g.
While I was in Atlanta this summer, I
we nt to visit Ed Moulthrop at his stud io,
hoping to learn some thing abo ut sharpe ning. He s uggested that his too ls are so
" no n-s tanda rd" that he might not be able
to hel p me much with that, but he sa id
he 'd be deli ght ed to show me what he
co uld. He showed me much, much more
than I bargained for.
Ed Moulthrop is a pretty laco nic fellow who works at a steady, but relaxed .
pace. Th e peac e in his shop is rem arkable-Mo ulthrop's sere nity is suc h that
he app ears to have found nirvana in his
wo rk. His specialty is turning large- and
I me an very large--objects fro m woo d.
He mak es it look so simple. but of co urse ,
it' s not .
In Mas ter woodturners (Provo, UT:
Artis an Press. 1985) author Dale Nish
rep ort s that Moulthrop doesn 't fee l there
is any soc ial or mo ral message in his
wo rk. except to say that a greater craftsman than him self placed the beaut y in the
log. Don 't let this sugges t to yo u tha t
Moulthrop' s work is undi sciplin ed. for
work of th is magnitude (he re meanin g

~ Hugh Fo ster is a furni ture designerlb uilder

;, ill Manitowoc, WiSCOIISill who occusionaily
~

__
30

~
~.--a.

elllists the help of his 4 th period expository

wri ting class 10 ~e l his articles ill 011
deadlille .
'

Popul ar Woodworking

"s heer physical size ") co uldn' t possibl y

be done- and done eve r more beauti full y-with out g rea t di scipl in e.
Moulthrop ' s training as an architect has
undoubt edl y helped to hon e the vision
that has shaped his cra ft into an art. His
wor k is evolutionary-that is to say. it
developed naturall y ove r the yea rs rather
than throu gh expressly ex perime nta l
techniques. Rath er than "m ess" with the
who le co ncep t as so many of us do.
Moulth rop wo rks co ntinuously to refine
aspects of it. and refi ne those aspec ts
nearly to perfection before moving on to
ano ther aspec t. His commi tme nt to what I
ca n only ca ll "The Mo ulthrop Sty le" has
bee n co nsiste nt and o ngo ing: His five
basic designs are illu strat ed at right: the
don ut. the ro und. the tall . the rolled-edge.
and the Sa turn. Eac h. no do ubt. has had
so me evo lutio nary var iations. T he chalice on our front cover is the newest of the
Moulth rop des igns (so far. he ' s only
made the one)-and it is clearly evo lutionary. a co mbination of the other
shapes. yet radi call y d ifferent enough to
se rve as the exceptio n that proves the rule.
A standa rd "round" bo wl is about I/ll "
th ick at the opening. tape ring grad ually to
about 3/4" nearer the base. Thi s is rea lly
awfully th in for an object whic h can
someti mes be over th ree feet in diameter.
Making suc h a bow l requires more than
just a vision.
One of the reasons Mou lthrop's bow ls
seem so simple is that he believes that
bea utiful woods demand simple shapes .
and he prefers to let the beaut y of the
wood shi ne thro ugh. To many of us. that
means seeking out the rarest possible
woods. but if we do so. we make so me
contribu tion to the deforestation of trop ica l regions and the co nco mitant destruction of the ozo ne layer (eve n if we figure .
" What ca n thi s sma ll amo unt of this beau Decembe r/Ja nuary 19R9

donut

rolled-edge

tall

Moulthrop's
Basic Bowl Shapes
The Sa turn Bowl
A display area ill Mo ulthrop's studio is crowded with example s oj his art.

31

tiful woo d matter to that fores t?").

Moulth rop doesn 't bring up these subjects, but his beliefs abo ut the matter
become readily apparent to one who look s
at his work: There are no rare woo ds h ere.
Instead , so uthern pine, tul ip popl ar , sweet
gum, persimm on , black wa lnut, wild
cherry, soft maple and other woo ds co mmon to so utheas tern United States are the
treasures of his choice. Additiona lly,
Moulthrop ' s wood speci me ns are ofte n
gathered after storm cleanup. If the
by-product oflocal storm dam age is goo d
enou gh for an artist like Ed Moulthrop, do
the rest of us really need Andaman
padauk or bubin ga for our proje cts?
His techniques for stor ing the wood
are conducive to spalting, so even this
little understood rotting proc ess contributes to the beaut y of his work. Th e 1988
summe r drought was we ll upon uswhen I
visited, and Moulthrop was co nce rned
that his co llection of turning blank s wo uld
dry o ut too much in sto rage. Th e woo d
must be green as he first turn s it, so he
devoted a real effo rt to hosin g it down to
keep it damp .

The Tools

(A bo ve) Moulthrop
sharpen s his lan ce to a
spear point Oil the side of
the grinder. (Right) Filial
honing is don e with a
slipstone. (Belo w right)
Th e sharpened lan ce.

Moulth rop ' s work is turn ed with only

three tools befo re it is disk- sand ed . then
hand - sanded from 36 through 100 grit.
and then finish-sanded in eve r fine r steps
as the lacquerin g proc ess pro ceeds.
Aga in. I must use the term evolutio nary to
de scribe these three tools. The typical

(Left) Th e hook present s the shape of a

gouge to the wood at all angle a gouge
could never duplicate. (Above) Th e bevel is
ground Oil th e in side of the hook with a
conical stone ill a die grinder.

32

Popular Woodworking

eight-piece se l of turning too ls with

whi ch most of us ar e familiar ha s no place
in hi s sho p. He forge s h is own.
Moulthrop ' s bo wl loop is deri ved
from the turning loop used in co lon ia l
lime s. Its ring- sh ap ed cut ting edge cuts
the way a go uge wo uld, if its edge we re se t
at ab OUI 90 10 its traditional position: al
this angl e , it ca n ' t sc rape. The beve l is
gro und o n the ins ide of the loop wi th a d ie
grinder. As the 10 01 evolved, it became
offset j ust e no ugh 10 fit in the 1-1 /4" hol e
Moulthrop d rill s in each blank to establis h
a bo wl ' s depth.
Li ke a ll his tool s, Mou lt hrop ' s ex ternal cutting 10 01. the " la nce" is forged fro m
sa lvaged taper la ps. It is bas ica lly a
spear-poi nte d 1001, sha rpe ned in a pretty
sta ndard fas hion . It is presen ted to the
wood at abo ut 45 to e ns ure cutting rather
than scraping, a nd typica l shav ings re -

mo ved from g ree n wood ar e 5/8" wide

and 1/8" 10 3/16" thick . O f course, the
rou gh-turn ed slack look s ve ry rou gh
ind eed , but later stag es of the ope ratio n
will correct that , Th e fir st c uts remove
1-1/2" or so o f wood j us t 10 make the
stock cy lind rica l.
His cut-off 1001 fea tures an offse t
cutting edge locat ed lower than the 10 01
re st to pre vent it fro m being roll ed over
as il c uts.
You ha ve 10 underst and that
Moulthrop ' s tool s make sta nd a rd
"s tore" tools loo k positiv ely diminulive; he find s even large co m me rcia l
tool s lik e the St ock sd al e o r Sup ertlute
go uges 10 be loa sma ll for hi s wo rk.
Moulthrop ' s shop-forge d too ls liter a lly dwarf these: they ran ge from 4' 10 8'
lon g, and hi s la rgest wei gh s in at just
over o ne hund red pounds .

(Left) Mo ulthrop's version ofa

parting tool is off set so that it
cut s below th e tool rest. (A bove)
It is ground on a regu lar
grinding wheel.

December/January 1989

The lar ge tool s help prevent the c ha tter

and vibration inherent in a cut to the
bott om o f a th ree- or fou r- foo l-dee p
bo wl , bUI the y 're to o hea vy 10 wo rk " by
ha nd ," so he mounts the b un end of th e
10 01 in a heavil y weigh ted, free -rolli ng
sta nd whic h is the correct heigh t fo r turning. Th is prevents hi s hav in g 10 " ho rse"
the 10 01. w h ic h in th e case of ~a
hundred -pounder is likel y imposs ib le
anyway. A ca m-actio n c lam p hol d s the
1001 at the correct hei ght in thi s ro ll ing
stand.
The other e nd of the too l ride s agaihst
a peg (a concre te nail ) se t in a hol e in ihe
10 01 res t. Wh y? So metimes he ' s turn ing
agai nst wood that ' s as mu ch as fo ur fee t
away from the 10 01 rest, and th e tool mu st
be suppo rted so mew here .
With out this collectio n of tool s , the
process , as Ed Moulth rop k nows it,
co uldn 't be done. JUSI a s the bi rthin g
proce ss in human s is the c ulm inatio n of
month s of effort and s low c ha nge , p ro du c ing the bo wl could n ' I be don e witho ut
all the above give ns- and , of co urse,
we've yet 10 mentio n the ine ffabl e
Moulthrop d iffe re nce : H is wo rk is a rt, not
me rel y craft,
Sha rpe ni ng is bUI craft, and the tool s
mu st be sha rp . Thi s arti st is so hand y with
a di e grinde r th at he ca n free-ha~d
sha rpe n the o utsi de of Ihe lan ce. the
c ut-off 10 01. a nd the ins ide of the loop
with it. A n ordi nary ben ch grinder is actua lly pre ferable for a ll b ut th e lo op w hic h
mu st be don e with a d ie g rinde r and a
co nica l sto ne. O n the loop the honing ste p
is om itted; even so, so m et im es a sing le
grind ing is good for a w ho le d ay ' s CUIting-e-or even more . O n ly the lan ce re qu ire s hand honing.
It lak es a mighty lathe 10 sp in the logs
fro m whic h Moulthrop make s hi s bow ls,
so he has desi gn ed a nd buill hi s ow n. He
uses o ne lath e fo r the ro ug h turning and
another fo r fin ishi ng. T he vis ib le differe nce between them is the great d us t hood
on the finishi ng/sandi ng lathe, T he ba se s
of the lath es are mad e of pl y wo od , usin g
aircraft construction techniques: a sim pler "scre we d togethe r" asse mbly wo uld
si m ply shake apart un de r the stra in , T he
b usin ess end of Ihe lathe is th re aded 10
acce pt shop-made facep lates m ade from
gears fo und at the sa lvage ya rd. T he
lathes 3" diameter sha ft is sup po rted in

33

(Left) Moulthrop
uses the lance to
round the outside of
the bowl. A cement
nail provides added
support for the tool.

(Above) A 1-/14"
ship auger
establishes the depth
of the bowl.
Moulthrop places
the tip of the bit
against the spinning
blank and its
rotation draws the
auger to the center.
The bit must be
withdrawn
frequently to clear
the chips and keep
itfrom being
grabb ed.

(Left) Here the

ceme nt nail peg
acts as a fulcrum
providing leverage
for the hook as it
removes wood from
the center.
34

two very large pillow blocks , and the

other end feature s double-belted pulleys
that are driven by a 3 horsepower motor at
speeds of 50-125 RPM. The motor is
controlled by a foot switch .
The lathe's tool rest is bolted to a heavy
timber of cherrywood; it takes a 3/4" drive
socket wrench to secure it for work this
big. An add-on leg provides additional
support when turning at the front of the
blank. The tool rest proper has holes at 2"
intervals for positioning the cem ent nail
peg.

The Procedure
Despite the fact that a turning blank is
likely to weigh upwards of 500 pounds,
Moulthrop ' S hand ling of it look s awfull y
ea sy. His wood storage area is uphill from
his shop, so he can roll each turning blank
(or should I be saying "log?" ) down to
where he removes the bark; then he roll s
it through an overhead door into his
rough-turning shop. Here he locates the
center, carefully measuring so as to avoid
wasted effort later in the project, and bolts
the faceplate to it about as quickly as I can
describe it. Next , he picks it up with a
motorized winch and guides it to the
business end of his lathe. Practice has
made him so expert at this that the process
appears to require almost no effort.
With the stock mounted securel y on
the lathe, Moulthrop sets the tool rest
roughly parallel to the out side of the bowl
he' s about to turn . He removes an inch or
so of material to ensure that the blank is,
in fact, round , all the while removing
much of the cambium layer of the tree
which would otherwise be the first part of
the bowl to decay.
Without ever having to turn the lathe
off, Moulthrop exchanges his lance for a
1-1/4" ship auger, determines "by eye"
how deep he will have to drill, marks the
bit with a piece of masking tape, and
walks around to the front (top ) of the
bowl. He sets the bit slightly askew to the
surface, near the center, and the bowl 's
rotation walks it to dead center. Then he
aligns the bit square to the surface and sets
his hip against the brace to begin drilling.
The drilling goes very quickly even
though it's necessary to withdraw the bit
frequently to make sure the chips are
ejected; otherwise the bit would quickly
become locked in and lost forev er alon g
Popular Wo odw orking

with the blank.

After dri lling the ho le, Moult hrop
stops the lathe and put s the tool rest in
place. If clear ing o ut the insi de of the bow l
is to take more than j ust a short while or if
it is to invo lve using one of the very
largest of his bo wl loops, the tail end of
the tool is se t in the roll ing stand mentioned ea rlier. On ce the tool has been
ca m-c lamped into this stand, it will always be parall el to the floor. A ll
Moulthrop has to do is "s tee r" the tool.
T his is imp ort ant for the long periods of
time it takes to holl ow a bow l of
Mou lthropian magnitude. In a reall y large
bowl, this cutting co uld go on for days.
Afte r rough-turning the gree n wood, a
three-mo nth soa k in polyeth ylene glyco l
(PEG) displaces the natural moisture in
the woo d so that it will be stabi lized for its
final turn ing. Moulthrop has nearly a
dozen vats of PEG-all exceeding 100
ga llons, a co uple of them bein g four feet
in diam eter and at least three feet deep . In
his so uthern cli ma te, so lar energy heats
the vats all yea r 'round .
For the sa ke of variety and interest and
for the sake of mo ving things along,
Moulthrop a lways has a fairly large
number of bo wls at eac h stage of the
process; swi tching fro m task to task adds
varie ty to his wo rkday, and ensures that
he does n' t lose tim e to "just waiting."
So what I witnessed that day was the
birth of a bowl. Wh at I learn ed far transcends the fac tual informa tion about
sharpe ning and turning that I went there
see king.
Ed Moulthrop is a litt le like a kid in a
ca ndy store: In his ow n shop-s-even afte r
these man y yea rs of experience-he is
perp etu all y delight ed . He foreve r wants
to see how he ' s doin g, so he previews the
approx ima te res ults ofte n, " painting" his
bow ls with q uic k-dry so lve nt to admire
the grain. While so me of this undoubtedl y
has to do with sav ing time, rather than
wast ing it o n nearly co mp leted bowls that
j ust wo n' t be wo rth the effort, I'm sure
that Keat s ' notion "A thin g of bea uty is a
joy foreve r" plays an eve n greater part , for
Mo ulthro p finds grea t joy in his shop. If
he didn' t seem to love life in ge neral so
very much, I'd suggest there is nowhere
he 'd rather be . ~

December/January 1989

M oulthrop likes to ha ve several piece s in

various stages of completion at anyone
tim e. A bove, stacks of bowls await
fi nishing,

Not conte nt to wait until he's

fi nished, Mo ulthrop keeps a
jar of lacquer thinn er
handy so he can paint th e
wood with it and preview
the striking grain pattern ,
such as that of the ash- leaf
maple piece shown here.

(Left) A heavily weighted tool

stand clamp s the end of th e
tool handle, damp enin g
chatter and relieving some of
th e burden of controlling tile
large tool again st th e large
spinning timb er.

35

--------..-1
.::::

- - I\)

PullOut Plans
(pages 37-52)
Popular Woodworking #46
December/January 1989

--------.,. - - :- -"""i
- '-1 -~

.-

-L -

1-

----

_I

-----1'

--rtH--II--

- - - - ~ - - - - -1-lI -

__ I

I I
1

---

------j

--

(X)J-.J~

o
l>
I

fTl

<,

00,,::
,....!---

rL--t----"'I _

9//6)0 ~
~

l>
vn

II
\

II
I

II

PL

CD
II

I
I

8Z

~
LLI

~Iv

f
=:-,N

==-'v

->

1 ....

0
0:
LL.

r ,
!

r ,

I'

.~

, i
I I
,

i -,

:I

"

'

,I

'I

lJ

I:

I
I

'

[I

1_ ,..J

L L

NI-

;1

NI
~

L J

NI-

Ii

N -I~

;:::

NI

.,;,----

.::::

.::::

NI-

,':\
u

\
o
z

o
m

l J

/1

::::::

I :,

.J

__ .Y
I

'I

- - - NI

-I

"r'\
II

.-- .
I

I:
J I

1\

I
I

7'-

"

~-+-l'Io.....r-.-r-

__ . _

' : : I!

(2)

-en
N

--

::J
U.

The Greatest Show on Earth

Cutting List
Finished Size

II

Oty Part T

r--

A-I. - - - - - P'''')t--+----r

L---ir---I

3/8'

5/1

I"

IS 2i6

I"

38

3/

4"

7' /:

3/ "
4

3/ "
4

133/ 4" long

top supports

3/ "
4

3/ "
4

71/ 4" short

23

5/ , 6"

3/ "
4

3/4 "

21/4 " axle supports

3/ "
4

3' /16"

53/4 " ramp

3/

ls

base

topsupports

diameter 7

1/ "

bars

"diameter

3"

hinge pins

11;'

31/; '

ramp stop

'/;'

ramp lock

1"

ramp handle

'1,"

31;' diameter

1/;'

'/:

5/ "
8

27/ 8" diameter wagon wheels

3/

'/

5/ "
16
9/
16"

5/

8"
8"

diameter
diameter
7' /2"

9"
3/

4"

axles
cotter pins

14" top

'2 ' /8" '133/; ' top trimpieces

diameter

8"

ladder
support pin

3/:

5/ "
8

6"

trim supports

R 3/;'

5/ "
8

31; '

18

11; ' diameter

32
I

Piece

133/ 4"

"
16

1
/; '

3/

8"

diameter

aligning
53/4 " boards
14' /2" ladder posts

2' 12" rungs

5/

"
,6

animal wheels

Supplies

17 magnets (#430)

,I

18 roundhead ring-shank nails (#410)

5/1

3 //

I-~
8
8
1

32 flathead ring-shank nails (#420)

2

self- lockingposts andscrews (#908)

from: Cherry TreeToys
P.O. Box 369
Belmont, OH4371 8

' rough size

71.'~'I-----------~

---

II

OJl~ ~/4D~
I
I II
I

~I-:.

-- - - -

- 1- 0

VJ

"at
o

rn
rn

L~~J

"'U

"!>

- .- - -- -

ToyTrain
Cutting List
Finished Size

..

Q)I-..J
~

Qty Part

001-

0::':.

---1 11

rr-1--"
I

r -

----j

__ I

I I

I,
I I I -II
I I
II

I I

I I : - -I I

I -,

I I

'-1_ _ ___;'
__ '-'

L ,_ _
1 - - --

II

II

--~

1=

-=- 1-=-:::-~

11111

,~.,_~I

t ~:=i P

. :t>

(\)~

..

Piece
small wheels

16

1/ "
16

3/," diameter

1/ "
,6

1' /e" diameter largewheels

11/, " diameter 95/ e" spindle

1/, " diameter
1" whistle

1/'6 "

P I;'

1\ " enginetop

1/ "
16

17/ e"

25/ e" caboose top

1/ "
,6

P /e"

15/ e" cupola top

1/'6"

3/, 6"

2"

axles

1/'6"

1'/;'

2"

engine sides

\6"

1' /,"

2"

tall ends

1/ "
,6

1'/2"

<,

1/
16"

11/ 2"

1'/," tenderfront

1/ "
16

1"

1' /;' shortends

1/

1"

23/ 4" short sides

1/ "
,6

2' /e"

2"

1/

1"

3/

1/ "
16

"
e railing sides
5/ "
e cupola ends

1/ "
16

2"

41/; ' large base

1/'6"

2"

31/; ' small bases

3/, 6"

3/ "
8

13/ ' 6" cupola sides

3/, 6"

3/;'

23/4"

VJ

----

:- z: L -=-

IIII

, 6"

16"

1"

Supplies
3

small eyes

small hooks

18 brass tacks

tendersides

caboose sides

railing ends

DIA.

/1

YE~

3 II
1-

3"

24
~IR)

--I

3o
.~4

.. I

3 1/

t
I

~
~

, II

14

3'~
_......

I'"

3~
14

L.

3'1

2 1,

I II

IJ

"'c 16

------&Jat-'t

3-~

I"

~3q
-~

64

a@)

,i--

II

2a'

I)

ICarefully open staples to remove plans, then bend them closed again. I

4
4 I'l
- - - - --34

3"
-~

3 //

I
I

I
I

L
3/8

I
I

-,-

--Jt--

5#
8

1, I

1-

I
I

tt-

I
I

I~

I
I

I
I

II II

I
I
I
I
I
I

I~

&-

I
I

I
I

,
I

I-

I
I

t.

I I
I
I. L

r----'
I
-----tf"~

3/8"

. I

.r .---------

7 11

S- //2"

SQUA RES

I
I

I
I

CONCAVE RADIUS --7 PLACE

----,
I
1'----

-\----r*

""
Q::
(,0

Q::

~
~

(I)
~

""
<t

-o

lOla>

..

I
Q)I~

"'::uo"

...

Note: Animals are all

shown full size; wagon
and ladder are not.

<

rTl
~

.....

-I

~~ml

",

I
Ij ~i

_ J

...

"

Q)I~

rTl

<
rTl
~

~---

_____

~~

:\

I"
L J

f--~I

"

(J)

l>

NI

.
N

~r-----+-I--- --+-~ ICJi

~rQ)r=

--

- ~ "T'""'-l-.. +-

./

L "T,"~,----I

- 71 II
8

I I'

rc R

--~~~r----:~~--------------------+;-l~~!

~~--- ~~l

11

a N3

M 3 I"

--

_I;J-

r"~_~_~--~~~~~~~
-- --...,- ;
~ -1 '- - ;
~-

~
_I--l-.
....1-

II

- -

III
-1- -_
-_
- -. _
- -_
r 0-1.....--11_ -

_I.~

_._I_I

' /

L~J'

c0 '

1,9

-l_J

- --1-

----.. :H!'
.-- --- +
I I
-----'--

____ J

. . . . .-4

....L...- -

L..

..

---,. 1----==::-------{"-r~ =-:.= :..-.

:1:

r'

1 I
_ _ _ _ _ _ _I J

I~

1
L- - - - - - - *I..!t

-JI
--r

:~:-::-;:-:;I--I-

---b

'

-------r r-----I

"-----.ilL-----

-------T 1------I

'== r : -- _-_-_1

I
I

tL

.z.:': .:

===

I
I

I
- - - - - - -1-

------1- t------

I I

~-J~----7, /

( ~;

'1-'

: :

----t~~~;.-IIIIIIi-~--~~~~-- . ~.-I~.,.......1;~,~
I

-~'\

~-----

L.i oJ

:r:::>K

\
\
~o-;.:;.

---- - - - - - - - - - - - -

--~
-~~

~ ~~
/-

n,c

1~~~-t----+--+i1fili~~~~~---+-~~.h
~
"=tJ\

111

M31A 30lS

2-

L_

7/16//

/1

TOP

SIDE

16

"

5/1
16
I

..-1

11/

ISOlA.

\:0

'

4-'<

---+...
3 11

r>

11

3-

.,

~3"
-4

0,
3'1
14 I"

I'i'
2

1-

3
2-

-r:OOK

FLAT SURFACE 7//6 FROM CENT,

Til

1/2" R

, U

r
18
ll2 '
2'/

1--.

e:
t
! "3/16'1

_~I .

3/4

1
4

VIEW

I, ,I

'1

~'--...-

3/1
14
, //

- ~

-~

3')

--:-r-

VIEW

Som e people wipe one of the numerous

" whitewash" stains that are on the market
over the bleached ash to further whiten
the wood .
Sandblasting gives ash a worn, weathered look. Porous spring grow th is eaten
awa y, leaving the den se summer grow th
prominent.

Heartw ood range s in color from dark

brown , grayish-brown, grayish-white, to
a clear yellow-white-s-o r combinations
thereof. Som etimes approaching the
hardn ess and den sity of oak, ash is at other
times soft enough to dent with your fingernail. Without the prominent rays of
oak, ash tend s to be more delicate in
appearance . Its pattern , howev er, is
bolder and larger than that of oak. Its
figure ca n be rippled or bubbled, but this
is rare.

Availability
Any of the native commercial species
.mentioned in this article are mi xed together at the mill s and sold as "white as h."
Distinctions in lumb er are made usually
according to qualities, not species.

Working Properties
Ash is more eas ily worked than oak or
hickory. It machin es well, though it may
bum if you don 't keep the tools mov ing.
The occas iona l figured areas can tear out
durin g planing.
An exce llent wood for turning, ash
cuts fast and cle an and take s a nice polish
on the lathe. Chair spindles, which have to
be flexible, are often turned of ash.
Thi s spring y material is also known
for its bendabilit y. Onc e softened by
steam, straig ht-grained pieces can be
give n a severe bend without losing their
strength. One snowshoe maker claims
coa rser-grained wood is better for bending than the finer-grained pieces. Thin,
pliabl e layers of ash lend them selve s to
bent lamination work. Wood en tennis
racket frames , for ex ample, are composed
of ash. Surfac e preparation is not nece ssary when gluing this wood , since it acce pts all types of glue.
Be careful when sanding ash; the soft
spring growth sands more quickly, so the
woo d may abrade unevenly .

Loose ly translated, term s like " northern"

or "toug h" indic ate ash that is slow er
grown, harder , and stronger. The se trees
do not grow as large. "Southern " or "soft"
refers to faster grow n ash that generally
has better co lor and comes in larger sizes.
" Brown" describ es the co lor of ash lum ber , but is not necessar ily de noting the
spec ies black ash.
Ash lumber is widely 'sold in all thicknesses from 4/4 up to 16/4. Boards average 6" - 12" in width, and 16' in length.
Presentl y the price of ash is equivalent to
that of red oak. ~

The frame s on these beavertail sno wshoes from Mai ne

areformedfrom a single strip of steam-bent white ash, Th e lacing is rawhide,

, Finishing
Along with oil and wax, lacquer or
tung oi l finishes, more unique finishing
techniques are effec tive on ash.
Th e open pores can be filled with
co lored fi llers in o rder to emphasize grain
pattern . Seal the wood first with a light
coa t of lacquer, then rub filler or stain into
the woo d. The pores take the color, but the
surro unding wood is not affected. Spray
on additional coats oflacquer to seal in the
color.
To whiten ash , treat it with one or
more applications of two-part wood
bleach . The powerful chemicals break
do wn the fibers of the wood and soften the
surface . Th at bleached surface is thin , so ~
finish sanding should be done prior to ~
applying the bleach. Water white lacquer
prese rves th e fini sh , though e ve n
bleac hed as h ye llows slightly over time.

December/January 1989

53

The Greatest Show on Earth

by John A. Nelson
Step right up and see the Greates t Sh ow
on Earth! Yes siree, it's circ us time ! Sm ell
the popcorn, liste n to the lau ght er , and
look, here comes the parade ! Seal s and
giraffes , camels and hor ses, hipp os and
elephants too-a spe ctacle of c ircus animals-lined up for all to see.
If you dare , look inside the bri ghtl y
co lored circ us wagon as it roll s into view.
There, behind bar s, is the fierce and fero cio us lion, Imagin e the roar of deli ght as
your child or gra ndchild enjoys their very
ow n Circus,
Overall, this project is rather easy to
make but it does invo lve man y simple
steps. T his circus will take lon ger to mak e
and finish than it see ms at first g lance ,
There are many, many small det ail s to do,
Thi s project incorpo ra tes
some supplies from Che rry
Tree Toy s. Ceramic magnets
and round head ring- shank
nail s are used to joi n the animal s together for parades, flat
head ring- shank nail s attac h
the wheel s to the an ima ls and
spec ial se lf- locking post and
J ohn A . Nelson is a
woodw orker and drafti ng
instructor from Peterb oro ugh.
New Hampshire. and the
author of 2/ books on
various subjects . includ ing
Co lonial Classics You C an
Bu ild Today (Stackpole
Books . Cameron and
Keller Streets.
P.O. Box 183/ .
Harrisburg.

screws are used to sa fely attac h the arms

and legs to the clown. Specific orde ring
info rmation is incl uded in the cutting list
on page 55 ; order them be fore yo u start so
yo u' ll have them when yo u' re read y for
them .
Because this toy will be used by children, ex treme ca re must be taken so no
small part ca n com e loose, and be sure to
use lead-free paint at all times,
Th e trick iest piece to mak e in this proj ect is the wagon . Cut the base (A) to size
according to the cutting list, and make the
13/1 6" X 3- I/s" notch in the back end as
shown in the Pullfrut" plans in the center
of this issue.
Cut the top supports (8 and C) to
size and notch the ends to make a tight
overlapping comer joint. Glu e
them togeth er to form a frame
with o utside edges that match
the perim eter of the base
(A) , When this assembly is dr y, clamp it to
th e

base so you ca n drill the holes for the bars

(0) in both pieces simultaneo usly. Loca te the ce nte rs of these 5/16" diameter
holes where indicated in the PultOut"
plan, Use a dr ill press to drill from the bot tom of the base and into the top suppo rts
with the depth stop set so you don't co me
all the way throu gh the supports. Th en
sand both pieces,
tool and a I/S"
Using a rotary
radiu s cove
" / bit with a guide
be arin g,
/ rout the seven concave cuts
shown in the base and
th e
r.J
top support. Th is step
~:;.~., is not necessary if you
~ don't have the ro uter
~
bit. but it doe s add a
nice detail , making the

wagon look less bulk y

and more to sca le,
C ut the bars (0) to len gth
and sa nd a slight chamfer on
t he
ends so they will fit into their
holes easi ly. G lue the bars into the base
and then apply the top support frame ,
maintain ing an ove rall
he ight of7-I/4" all the
way aro und th is assembly.
Chamfer the ends
of the axle suppor ts
(E), and drill a 3/S"
hole throu gh the ce nter of each. Glu e and
nail them to the base
as show n in
the plans.

......,WI.'.,

PA

17/ 09).

54

Popul ar Woodworking

C ut and sha pe the ramp (F) and make

shallo w saw kerfs in the top surface as
shown. Ca refully locate the 3/ 16" diameter holes for the hinge pin s (G) on eithe r
side of the notch in the base. With the
ramp in place, drill from the outside of the
base to abou t an inch into the ramp itsel f.
Do thi s from both sides , then temporaril y
fit over-lon g hin ge pins (G) in place to
mak e sure the ramp works properly. (If it
doesn 't , fill the hole s in the ramp with
dowels and tr y again .) Wh en it all works
prop erl y, tap the hin ges in with ju st a little
g lue on the last porti on ; yo u want them
glued only to the base. Make sure the
ramp works co rrec tly before the glue se ts.
Attach the ramp stop (H) to the und erside of the top suppo rt piece (C) in such a
way that the ramp closes flush to the
o utside of the support. Mak e the ramp
lock 0) from a 1/4" len gth of 3/4" dowel
and dr ill a co unterbored hole located 3/ 16"
up fro m the ce nte r to accept a short pan
head sc rew and washer. Glu e the ramp
handl e (J) to the ramp as shown in the
plan .
C ut the whee ls (K) from s/s" thick stoc k

usin g an adjustabl e fly c utter. First set the

cutter to a diameter of 2- I/s" to score a
shallow kerf indicating a tire. Th en set it
to the 2-7/S" o utside diameter to cut out the
whee l.
Slide the ax les ( L ) into the ax le support s (E) which are already attac hed to the
base, and then slide the wheel s on. All ow
about 1/32" clearance between the wheel s
and the base, and locat e the I/S" diameter
holes for the pin s (M) that hold the wheel s
on.
C ut the top (N) to size and round the
edges. T hen cut the top trim pieces (0) to
the rou gh size show n in the cutting list.
Tape or tack these tw o trim pieces toge ther, layout thei r shape from the pull
out plan, and cut and sa nd them as a pair.
Whil e they 're still together , dr ill the 5/16"
diam eter hol e for the ladd er support pin
(P) throu gh the two pieces. Round the
ends of the support pin and sand it all ove r
so that it slides through these holes eas ily.
Use the same small router bit yo u used
for det ailin g the base to detail the top
edges of the trim (0 ), stopping sho rt of the
ends . Attach the trim and the two trim

s upports (Q) that go nearest the end s to the

top (N). Yo u ' ll po sition the othertwo trim
support pieces later . Glu e the tw o aligning boards (R) to the undersid e of the top
in such a way that they fit loosel y down
insid e the top suppo rt fram e and center
the top ove r the wagon.
Make the four ladd er posts (S) and

The Greatest Show on Earth

Cutting List
Finished Size
Qty Part T

133/4" base

Piece

3/4"

71/4"

3/, "

3/, "

long
133/, "
topsupports

3/, "

3/4"

short
71/4"
topsupports

23

5/' 6" diameter ?1Ia" bars

3/4" 3/; '
2' /4" axle supports
3/; ' 3' /,6" 53!4" ramp

G 3/,6"diameter

. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - : - - -- - - - - - - - - --..., .s:(;

'/;'

''""
""ca:

3/, " diameter

'/."

ramp lock

>.

'I;' 'I;'

1"

ramp handle

.~

5/ "
a

3/a" diameter

l/a" diameter 3/; ' cotter pins

5/,6" 71/
14" top
2"
9/,6" '2'/a" '133/; ' top trim pieces

5/,6" diameter

3/; '

5/a"

R 3/,"

5/ "
a

aligning
53/; ' boards

3/; '

3/ "
a

14'/2" ladderposts

18

'/," diameter

32

1'/;' diameter 5/' 6" animal wheels

:5

;;;

1'--- 11--4 11

'/;'

3"

hinge pins

3'/," ramp stop

27/ a" diameter wagon wheels

9"

axles

8"

ladder
support pin

6"

trim supports

2'/2" rungs

Supplies
17 magnets (#430)
18 round head ring-shanknails (#41 0)
32 flat head ring-shank nails (#420)
2

self-locking posts and screws (#908)

from: Cherry Tree Toys
P.O. Box 369
Belmont, OH 43718

' rough size

Decem ber/Janu ary 1989

55

drill 1/4" holes halfway throu gh their

thickn ess fo r the rungs (T) . Th en drill a 5/
16" diam eter hole all the way through as
shown in the plan. Th is ho le is for the
ladder s uppo rt pin (P) to lock the ladd er in
place on top of the wagon.
When the ladd er is asse mbled. hold it
in place on the wagon top and slide the pin
through this asse mbly. Now pos itio n the
two leftovertrim suppo rts (Q) so that they
catch the bott om of the ladd er and all ow it
to lean at abo ut a 60 an gle . then g lue
them in place.
Thi s co mpletes the wagon asse mblies .
Remove the ladd er and its support pin . the
wheels and ax les. and the ramp lock so
you can sand and paint everything.
Now it ' s tim e to make the animal s.
Tran sfer the pattern s from the PullOut"
plan to a piece of 3/4" thick hardwood. Tr y
to arrange the patterns so as 10 positi on the
grain of the wood in the strongest direction so the anima ls wi ll not break - for
exa mp le, alon g the giraffe's neck . Eac h
anim al and the base it ride s on sho uld be
cut as one piece.
Mak e the clow n 's bod y fro m 1/2" thick
mater ial. and his arms and legs fro m 1/4"
stock. Dr ill 3/16" d iame ter holes for the
self- loc king posts and sc rews and 5/16"
holes in the hands for grabbing the ladd er
run gs.
C ut the whee ls (D ) from a len gth of
1- 1/4" dowel. Eac h whee l need s to have a
3/8" diameter co unterbore drilled in its
ce nter to acce pt the head of the nail that
attaches it to the animal. To do thi s, clamp
a piece of scrap wood to your drill press
tabl e, and bore through it with a 1-1 /4"
For stn er bit. Without removing the sc rap
wood , repl ace the 1-1 /4" bit with a 3/8"
Forstn er bit. Adj ust the depth sto p so that
it drill s 1/8" deep , and drill the co unterbores with the whee ls sitting in the hole in
the scrap.
Sand the anima ls and the clown thoroughly, keeping the edges fai rly sharp.
Glue the elepha nt's ears and the lion ' s
mane in place. Use wood pu tty where
needed, and apply a lead-free prim er.
Sand lightl y, rep rim e to obtain a smooth
base for the paint, and lightl y resa nd.
Wip e all parts with a tack rag to rem ove
the du st.
Paint yo ur animals with bright co lorful paint s. Use yo ur ima gin ati on ; thi s is
the fun part. You might want to ge t a book
or two from the library to see how a real
circus is painted. Add appropriate tail s;
56

they ca n be made of twin e or dow els or

wha teve r yo u can think of; j ust make sure
they ' re glued in we ll.
After the animals are paint ed . att ach
the magn et s with the ro und head
ring-shank nail s. ote that one end of
the magn ets are positivel y charge d and
the othe r ends negatively cha rged. Be
sure to attac h them so the plu ses are at
the front of the anima ls and the m inuses
are at the bac ks. Thi s is imp ort ant if
yo u wa nt all the anima ls in the parade
to face the sa me directi on . Put a round
head nail on the sea l's nose and a
magnet on the ball so that they attrac t
eac h othe r.
Paint the animal wheels bright red,
and rub a little soap in the co unterbo res so
they will rotate smooth ly. Nail the whee ls
to the animals usin g the n at head

rin g-shank nai Is. Don' t use standard naiIs

as they might co me loose.
Afte r decoratin g the wagon wheels .
atta ch them to the wago n. Glue the co tter
pin s (M) into the ax les (L).
Attac h the clown' s arms and legs using the se lf- loc king post and screws. Use
a thin n at was her between the limbs and
the body ifnecessary to have a snug fit. Fit
the ar ms and legs so they move somewhat
stiffly. Be sure the se lf- lock ing post and
sc rews are ve ry tight so there is no cha nce
they ca n come apa rt. You might want to
use epoxy in the thread s so there is no way
they ca n ever co me apart agai n.
Apply a light coat of paste wax to the
wago n. ladd er , anima ls and clown, and
then let the ac tion begin . but try not to
wear out the c irc us before giving it to the

kids .~

. .

I
2

4IDIA.

t
K
FRONT V IE W

,
I

."J

.. -_.

::..

. SIDE
VIE W

Popul ar W oodworkin g

A Popular Woodworking Project

A Toy Train
by John A. Nelson
Trains have bee n a favor ite as toy s thro ughout the years,
es pecially the old steam trains, with their rustic shapes and
features. Thi s train requires very litt le wood to build and can be
made from yo ur sc rap pieces. Th e train can be cut out and
assembled ea sily in a weekend, not counting the painting which
may take another day or so. Lacquer or fast-drying paint will
make this part go more quickl y.
The toy train show n here is intended as a decoration so the
wheel s are sec ured in place. You can make this proj ect as a
working toy by building it so the wheel s turn, simply by drilling
the wheel holes a little larger and not gluing them in place. You
should be careful , though, if you plan to give this toy to a small
child, that the whee ls can 't come loose easily, and that all small
part s that co uld be swallowed are fastened secure ly. Lead-free
paint sho uld a lso be used (thi s is always a good idea in any case,
but especially im portant on toys for small chi ldren who like to
nibb le).

Cutti ng the Pa r ts
To begi n, select a straight-grained knot- free piece of
hardwood that' s 2' long X 6" wide, and plane or scrape it down
to a thickness of 3/16" . Sand both sides smooth, and joint one
edge on one side and cut the board to ju st over 5-1/2" wide and
21" long. Carefull y layout all par ts as illustrat ed on the following page. Leave a 3/16" space betw een the part s to allow for a
standard saw blade width . If your blade is wider, adju st the
layout accordingly.
Locate and drill all the 1/4" d iameter ho les as shown. The se
will make the corners ea sier to cut, and will make all comers
exactly the same size. Saw the board in two at the point marked
"I st Cut ." then make the three rip cut s where marked (2nd Cut ,
etc.).
Carefully cut each part out slightly larger than the layout
line s, and then sand them to e xact size. Label all the part s at this
1011" A. Ne lso n is a woodw ork er and draftin g instructorfrom
Pete rborough , Ne w Hampshire. and the auth or of 2/ hooks 0 11
various subjects. including Colonial Classics You Can Build Tod ay
(Stackpole Books . Cameron and Keller Streets. P.O. Box /83 / .
Harrisburg , PA 17109).
December/January 1989

stage; this will be a big help as yo u proceed . Cut the small wheel s
(A) from a 3/4" diameter, 6" long dowel, and the large whee ls (B)
from a 1- 1/8" diam eter, 4" long do wel. Use a stop-gauge on yo ur
saw for this ste p to ens ure that all yo ur cuts are the same width
(see "J ig Journal " below ). Locate and drill a 3/64" diameter hole
in the center of each whe el for the brass tack or brad.
ex t, on the lathe. turn the spind le (C) which will form the
turn ed part s as show n in the Pullfrut" plan in the center of this
issue. Start with e ithe r a 1- 1/4" dowel or a 1- 1/2" squa re piec e. and
cut the spind le to sha pe. After turning, sa nd the spi nd le and

Jig Journal

Extended Stop Block

by David M. Camp
When cutting those thin rolling slices from a
dowe l to make wheel s, use thi s simple extended
stop blo ck . It permits the fence to be se t furth er
from the blade than does a regular sto p block, so
the cut -off pieces ca n fall over freely.
J)Q1,jd M . Camp is the editor of PW .

GLUE AND
SCREW
FENCE

1/2

x ,.

STOP DOWEL
RABBET
AGAINST THIS SURFACE

57

1., cur

1/ 4 0 I A. H 0 L E - 24 P L A C E S

~-*++
: - ++t+

;,::-ic._.::::::::::::::~IIIL

LIoiIL.liiL..lliL!

6 - -- - - - - - _

58

Popul ar Woodworking

separate the part s (C L C2, C3) . Using a V-block to hold the

turned pieces, locat e and drill the 3/8 " diam eter and the 1/8"
diameter holes in the boiler (C 2) , bein g sure the se are in lin e with
each other. C ut or sand the flat spot dire ctly und er the tw o holes
in the boiler. Usin g a 1/4" dowel , turn the whi stle (0) on the lathe
to the measu rem ent s shown in the PuljOut" plan .
Usin g a rotary tool and a cove bit, make a small rad ius
undercu t in the three top s (E, F, G) as sho wn in the plan . (Yo u
may no t have a cove bit this small; if not, cut a cha m fer instead .)
Locate and drill 3164" diameter holes in the center of the axles
~ (H) . Now you're ready to assemble the train.

Assembly

Before gl uing , dry fit all part s to chec k for fit. Th en carefull y
~ glue the part s toge ther in the foll owing orde r, keeping all parts
~ as square as possible. For clamping small items such as thes e ,
rubber bands come in handy . Wrap the part s tightl y
,...J....~
---,
with sturdy rubber band s and allow them to dry.
Toy Train
I . Glue the eng ine sides (I ) to the eng ine
Cutting List
front end (1).
2. Glue the tender sides (K) to the front
Finished Size
(L) and end (M).
Qty Part T
L
Piece
3. Glue the boxcar sides (N) to its end s (M ).
4. Glue the caboose sides (0) to its ends (1).
16 A
5. Glue the caboose railin g sides ( P) to the
B 3/ 16" 11/ a" diameter large wheels
2
railing end s (U) .
6.
Glue the axles (H) to the lar ge base (R)
C
and the small bases (S).
1// diameter 1" whistle
0
7. Glue the smokestack (C I ) and the whi stle
F/a" engine top
E 3/ 16" 13/ 4"
(0) to the boiler (C2) .
8. Glue the tank s (C3) to the eng ine assembly
F 3/ 16" F/a" 25/ a" caboosetop

..

3/

3/

"
16

16

15/ 8" cupola top

"
16

2"

axles

"

11/ 4"

2"

engine sides

"

11/ 4"

2"

tallends

16"

3/

13/ a"
3/

3/

3116"

11/ /

23/ 4"

3116"

11/ 2"

11/ 4" tender front

3/

"

1"

11//

3116"

1"

23/ 4" short sides

3/

21/ a"

2"

3116"

1"

3/

"

3/

3/a" railing sides

5/a" cupola ends

3/

"

2"

41/ 4" largebase

3/

"
16

2"

31/ 4" smallbases

3/

"
16

3/

3/

3
2

16

16

"
16

16
16

16

"

"
a

a"

3/ "
4

small eyes

small hooks

18 brass tacks

December/January 1989

short ends

caboose sides

P / 16"

cupola sides

1"

railing ends

Supplies
3

tender sides

(1,1 ). .

9. Glue the en gine assembly to the large

base (R) .
10, Add the'en gine top (E) to the en gine
assembl y.
I 1. Glue the tend er sub-asse mbly ( K, L, M )
to a small base (S) .
12. Glue the bo xcar assembly (M, N ) to a
small base (S) .
13. Glue the caboose sub-ass embly (1, 0 ) to
a small base (S).
14. Glue the caboose top (F) to its sides (0),
and glue the cupola top (G) to its ends (Q)
and sides (T).
15. Glue the caboos e rail ing sub-asse mbly
(U, P) to the caboose (1,0).
Add the wheels, and yo ur train is co mplete !

Finis hing
Let your imag ination take over at thi s pointbe as creative as you like. I painted my tra in a bright
cand y-apple red with yellow striping and black
wheels . Use a high-glo ss paint that dries in a reasonable time. I am not an expert at pin striping, as
you can see, but it doe sn't have to be perfec t and it
is fun to do. You might try pra cti cin g on a sc rap
piece of wood first to get the feel of it before
painting the train. After it' s dry, let it decorate the
room of your favorite little eng inee r. ~
59

APopular Woodworking Project

by Gra ham Blackb urn

This table, although at first glance a
relatively simple desig n, is also extreme ly elega nt and suitable fo r the most
luxuriou s setti ngs. T his e legance is
ac hieved largely by the sha pes and pro portions of the three main elements that
comprise the table - the top (A) and the
two en d supporting pieces (B) . T he interesting tech niques req uired in its co nstruction such as the bead ing of the side rai ls,
the bevelin g and stri ngi ng of the top, and
the compass plan ing of the sides are
understated eleme nts that only become
apparent as you try to analyze exactly why
the tabl e has such a sophistica ted air. T he
very simp licity of the table' s overall de sign makes it suitable for use with a wide
range of chair styles, and simi larly enab les it to seem at hom e in a wide range of
decor s and differe nt sty les of interior
decoration .

Basic Const ruction

Since almost all the join er y for this
tabl e is exposed, it must be ex ecuted as
nea tly as possible. Any ca re lessness will
be glaringly obvio us. Howe ver, since we
are basica lly only talk ing abo ut edge joi ning a number of boards, the techniques required should be ea sily w ithin reach of
most woo dworke rs. More impo rtant and
mo re interestin g is what boards yo u are
joi ning . Th e basic simplici ty of the design
Graham Blackburn is a furniture designer!
maker in Soque l, Californi a and the author
of many hooks on woodwo rking and home
maintenance including Floo rs. Wa lls and
Ce ilings.
60

I
I I

r I
!

makes

1\"'\ i) \

the use
of
hi g h ly
fig ured wood such as the wa lnut
c hose-e m ine nt ly s uitable, for the busy grain will not
detract fro m or clash with any busy
des ign eleme nts. Use the grain patterns to
adva ntage when arrangi ng the boards
which will form the top and ends. Choo se
with some idea of a parti cul ar effect in
m ind- such as alternating ligh t and dark ,
or emphasizing any vertic al flame pattern s for the ends.
Having chosen yo ur boards, mill them
flat and straight, and joi n them wit h the
meth od of your choice . Th is can be by
usin g simple rubb ed glue joints, using
dowels, splines, or eve n bisc uits and a
plat e joi ner. Wh atever yo ur method, you
sho uld end up with three large slabs: the
top , measur ing a little more than 6'- 6"
long X 36" wide, and two ends, each
measurin g a little more than 28" high

X 30 "
wide .
Th e " litt le
more" is to allow
you to cut the ends of all
three pieces perfectly square.
My shop is a litt le cra mped so I
find it ea siest to cut the end s with a circular sa w runnin g agai nst a fence
clamped to the work-which I rest on saw
hors es. A precaution worth taki ng when
using a c ircular saw like th is is to appl y a
strip of maskin g tape to the top surface of
the cut to help prevent any splintering.
T he next step is to plane or surface the
Popu lar Woodw orkin g

A Walnut Dining Table

Beading, Beveling, Stringing, & Compass Planing

faces of the th ree parts as flat and as

smooth as possi ble. I prefer to do thi s
almos t excl usive ly with planes, but yo u
may find it suits yo u better to work yo ur
way throu gh a series of inc reasingl y fine
abras ive pap ers, usin g a belt sander.

Stringing
We're now rea dy for so me fun. T he
str ing ing, which in th is case is I /X" e bonized inlay stri ps (w hich may be ob tai ned
in three- foot len gth s from various supp liers such as Co nsta nt ine, 2050 Eas tchester
Road ,B ronx, N.Y.. 1046 1), ismost easily
laid in grooves the same width as itse lf.
December/Janua ry 191\9

but j ust a tad sha llower. Th ese groo ves

may be made usin g differ ent methods,
including spec ia l ve ining cutte rs, sim p le
scratc h stoc ks, or eve n wood en plou gh
plan es, but the sim plest method is to use a
more-tool with a small rout er att achment.
This tool has an adjustable fen ce , and it's
a sim ple matter to se t the fen ce and the
depth ga uge so that the groove is c ut
approx imate ly 2-1 12" in from the edge ,
an d j ust a little sha llo we r than the thickness of the string ing. Squ are up and clean
ou t the co rners with a chise l. and then
sq ueeze a bead o f whit e or ye llow g lue

into the groove . C ut strips of the inlay to

len gth usin g square butt joints whe re
len gth s meet alon g the stra ight, and m iter ed joints at the co rners, and press them
in with a hard rubber or woode n ro lle r.
Wipe away any excess glue that may have
been sq ueeze d out, and allo w it to dry
thorou ghl y before planing or sandi ng flat.
Sand ca refully; if imp ati en ce ge ts the
bett er of yo u, the inla y may end up be low
the surface o f the tabl e whe n the g lue does
dr y and eva porating moisture shrinks the
inlay.
Bearing thi s caveat in mind , it' s a good
61

Alth ou gh the flexibl e sa les of metal co mpas s plan es are designed to form even
curves, in reality there is oft en a flat spot
right at the mouth. Resist the temptation
to lower the blade, and instead inc rease
the curvature of the sa le whe n yo ur iron
won't reach the work .
In fact , th is last point is the most imp ortant technique to bear in mind when
compass planin g: Adjust the depth of the
iron onl y onc e-to take the finest shaving
possible , but be prep ared to adj ust the c urvature of the sa le constantly as yo u remov e more wood . Thi s is parti cularl y true
with this table, since the curve to be
planed is irregu lar and ca nnot be plan ed
with one pass and one setti ng of the sa le.
Adj ust frequ entl y, and work from different dir ect ion s according to the chang ing
dire cti on of the grain.
On ce yo u ha ve planed all four curves
(two on eac h end piece), the end pieces are
almost co mplete exce pt for a len gth of
stopped string ing that run s ac ross the
bottom o utside face of each end abo ut
2- 1/2" up from the floor. Th e string ing is
"s topped" becau se it finishes 2" in from
each side . Th e point whe re it stops may be
left round, sha ping the end of the inla y to
fit the rounde d end of the groo ve, or it may
be squared up with a sma ll chise l.
There rem ain s on e fin al operation that
you would only notic e if it were left undone, which is to put a sha llow arc h in the
bottom of eac h end piece so that they
touch the ground only at their out sid e
co m ers. Plan e ju st eno ugh to form a sha l-

idea to lay the top as ide at thi s point and

focu s on the end pieces. Th ese sho uld be
similarly surface d or planed as flat and
smooth as possible and then mark ed o ut
for the curvature of the sides . Th e curve.is
actua lly quite shallo w- be ing no more
than 2" deep at its deepest po int-but in
order for the ends to g ive a feeling of lift
to the top and balance at the bott om , th is
deepest point is locat ed onl y 9" fro m the
top. Using clamps or a helpful fr iend,
position a thin strip of lath (or so me thi ng
else con sistently pliabl e) so that a line
may be drawn connec ting the top and
bottom of the sides with a mark 2" in from
the side and 9" down from the to p. Band saw as clo sel y to thi s line as possibl e (use
a bow saw if yo u don 't have a band sa w),
and then position the piec e in the ben ch
vice so that yo u can plane the sawn edge.

Compass Planing
Co mpass, or c ircul ar plan es, are possessed of a wide ran ge of peculi ar c haracteri stic s, and while no amount of reading
will take the plac e of per son al ex perience
with your own parti cul ar tool , a few ge neral tip s may be give n. In order to avo id
cha tte ring, set the iron to tak e as thin a
shav ing as poss ible and mak e s ure that the
iron is held firmly again st the bed by the
ca p iron , tightening the screw that hold s
thi s piec e if necessary . Take ex tra ca re in
ens uring that the iron is very sha rp and
gro und straight across - yo u need no
crown on this plane' s iron since it invari ably overlaps the work , and it is impossible to work the plan e at a ske wed angle.

T
I,

r-,

~,.

I
I

-l

TO P

It

(D D1'1e.

I~Joy

1-~h

'''"

V (

" IN

et1e(

~ ~)

I
./

low c urve , not noticeable to the casual

eye, j ust eno ug h to ensure a non- rocking
table base , sho uld the floor be less than
perfectl y flat.

Beveling
Back to the top : With a pencil gauge,
mark a line 1-1/2" in fro m the edge on the
top surface. Secure the top to your bench
top usin g hand screws or other clamps ,
and starting with the ends, plane the
bev el.
It wi ll help co nsidera bly if you also
make a pen cil line aro und the edge of the
top , to indi cate the depth of the bevel. For
a top tha t is I -1 /4" thick , a bevel tha t
is 114" deep wi ll be very effective and
leave a ve rtical edge that is both substantial and in prop ortion .

Walnut Dining Table

Cutting List
Finished Size
Qty Part
1

T
1
/ "
4

W
1
/ "
2

36

Piece

L
78"

1 14"

30"

271/2" ends

11/ 2"

3"

undercarriage
461/ 2" sides

11/ 2"

3"

27' 14"

'/8"

1/

8"

18'

VI E'W

top

~1'
I

undercarriage
ends
stringing

Supplies
10 #10 X 11/ 2" round head screws
10 #10 washers
8 table fastene rs

os

'>-"

.0
Of>

c:

.~

8 #8

62

3/ "
4

round head screws

~'

2
:;

10-------'----

3D-

1i5

~ '---------------------------------Popular Wo odw orkin g

The Ends First

A lthough the to p sho uld be flat, clamping it to the bench with a few shavings
und er the ce nter of the end will fo rce a
sl ight crown . j ust suffici e nt to a llow yo u
to p lane rig ht to the pe nci l line. If the top
c upped-e ve n s lig htly- yo u would not
be ab le to do thi s. and the resu lting be ve l
wou ld hav e a c urved edge . It look s best if
the be ve l is very cri sp and a ll in o ne pla ne.
The surface of the finished bevel sho uld
not co nsist of a se ries of face ts. so each
pass of the plan e s ho uld be as co m plete as
po ss ib le.
To pr e vent the e nds from chippi ng.
plane inwards from the s ides . At the same
time ho ld the p lane severe ly skewed. Use
the lon gest plan e in yo ur armo ry to ge t
max im um sa le o n the work and ye t ma inta in a skewed a pproach suffic ie nt to produce a sm oo th c ut.

T he n the Sides
When both e nds o f the top have been
be ve led (a nd not be fore ). p lan e the be vel s
o n the sides of the to p . T here sho uld be no
difficu lty in pl an ing to both lines. o r even
in de aling with contrary gr a in (si mply
turn aroun d an d pl an e in the other direction ). but wha t yo u /1/ IISt pay atte ntio n to
now is the arris at the co rners . An arr is is
the j unc tio n of two s urfaces in d ifferent
p lanes. in thi s c ase the side and end beve ls. As yo u p lane. watch that the outsid e
e nd of the arri s sto ps exactly at the co rne r
of the tab letop. and th at the insid e e nd
finis hes right whe re the two pen cil lines
on the top inte rsec t. Furthermo re . make

sure that the ar ris is a strai ght line . It is a ll

too ea sy to e nd up wit h a c urve d arr is tha t
wa nde rs off the ed ge of the tab le co mpletel y m issi ng the corne r. Go slowl y and
ma ke each pass of the plane cou nt. If yo u
sho uld ove rplane the mark . you wi ll have
to tak e more off the ends again.

Fina lly the To p

W hen the bevel s are plan ed to yo ur
satisfactio n yo u may turn yo ur atte ntio n
to le vel ing the st rin gin g . You can sand
th is tlat if yo u wa nt to . bu t there is a n
ad ded adva ntag e in planing : it he lps to
de fine the top edge of the bevel. At thi s
poi nt yo u are read y for the final pre pa ratio n of the top befo re app lying the finis h.
Planing may ha ve been suffic ie nt. or yo u
may want to po lish with ex treme ly fin e
abrasive. Gen tly ro und all the edges . perhap s w ith just a w ipe of some 400- gr it
ga rne t pape r.
Fin ish the str ing ing and edg es of the
e nd pieces sim ilarly to the top. and then
stac k a ll thr ee pieces safely out of the
way : It is tim e for the undercarriage!

Plane the und ercarriage sides (C) and

ends ( 0) tr ue and sq ua re . a nd lay out lap
dov etails so that the e nds are d ovetail ed
into the sides. show ing non e o f the joint
on the side s. Eve n th ou gh non e of th is
tri ck y joiner y wi ll sho w . do no t get sloppy
becau se the ori ginal purpos e o f d ovet ai ls
is not to be tla sh y but to pro vid e max imum streng th. Ju st becau se no o ne w ill
ev er see these lapped mast erpieces is no
rea so n to think you ca n ge t away wit h a
few loose pin s -you need a ll the stre ngt h
a well --cut joint ha s to offer. Th e und erca rriage se rves as suppo rt and a place to
fix the top. and a lso provid es late ral sta bilization (l ike a stretc he r) as well. T hese
a re fair ly heft y pin s and tail s. so use yo ur
favor ite tech niqu e to minimi ze the lab or
(d rill m uc h of the wa ste away whe re
po ssible. for ex am ple). You w ill be c uttin g a 1/4" groove located 1/4 " from the top
edge o n the insid e face of the und e rcarria ge for the table fasten ers. so lay o ut the
dovetai ls in suc h a way that thi s g roo ve
runs into a pin cav ity and not a tail.

Holdi ng It All Together

Bead ing

Th e und e rca rriage is the struc tural

heart of thi s tabl e . and ye t is the lea st
sig nificant e le me nt in the design . A ll that
is vis ib le whe n the table is complete are
the two relat ivel y nar ro w rail s.
Start by ge tting out fo ur pieces a ll 3"
wide X at least 1-1/2" th ick. Any w ider.
and peo ple mi ght have d iffic ulty ge tt ing
thei r legs und er the table. and any narrower or thi nner and the suppo rt strength
m ig ht be co mprom ised .

The l i4 " bead that run s along the outside bottom ed ge o f th e undercarriage
s ide s ha s a du al purpose . Fir st. it softe ns
the ed ge. making it more comfortab le to a
leg pressed up to it and pre venti ng a n ot herwise sharp co rne r fro m being da maged;
and seco nd. it provid es a n int erest ing line
of shado w on an oth erwi se pla in p iece . It
is no t immediatel y noti ceable . but is a lway s enjoyab le when fina lly discovered .
It is a lso fun to make . Th e be st met hod is

6'6 "

,. t

3'

l~

f
28%."

r\1ec1d ..J'
2l~

'loTi"
S I DE

--;'"

... ~

VIEW

...-

1Js.I'
December/January 19X9

63

slcl:s .{"v slDtSCV"e1Al~ v.c~e.

~

s'ietes

VNDERC.ARR.IA(;,E -

~....,._

to use
a wooden
bea ding plane of
the rig ht size. A uni ve rsa l o r co m bi nati on
plane also does an ex ce llent job,
es pec ially if yo u are lucky eno ugh to
possess the auxili ary beading shoe originall y supplied with the co mp lete too l.
Lacking either of the se tool s, or an y othe r
type o f beadin g plane, yo u mi ght use a
router with a sma ll ve ining bit and a fence
se t at 1/4" . As a last reso rt for the
tool-poor , yo u ca n always improvise a
sc ratch stock-j ust a piece of scraper
steel filed to the shape of the qu irk that
defines the bead, and se t in a woo de n
han dle.

Putting It All Together

Before fina lly gl uing the pieces of the
und ercarriage togeth er , make provi sio n
for the slot-scre wing that wi ll faste n the
undercarri age ends (D) to the end pieces
(B) as shown in the ilustration above. Five
sc rews per end are eno ug h, and the m idd le
one does no t need to be slotted. Use the
biggest sc rews co m pa tible with the th ick ness of the mat eria l; the thread s sho uld
engage only the end pieces. and the
64

shanks should slide in the slots of the

undercar riage ends. Wh en yo u do asse mble the under ca rria ge. make sure that
its ends (D) sit in flush (ins ide the side
pieces) or e lse the ends of the side pieces
(C) will not but r up tightly to the tabl e
ends .
W ith the und ercarri age asse mbled,
cla mp the end pieces to the ends of the
undercarr iage and install the screws
throu gh the slots. Here the imp ort ant
th ing is to keep the top s of the ends flush
with the top of the und ercarr iage so that
the tabletop will have a perfectl y flat
s urface to sit on .
Mak ing sure that the top is evenly ce ntered on the asse mbled base is a mail er of
tria l and error. Firs t set the top on by eye.
then ge ntly tap the top unt il the ove rhangs
at eac h end and both sides are mat ched .
C lamp the top to the undercarri age at this
point and use the meta l tab le faste ner s to

hold it dow n.
If you mark the ends and the top with a
number o r letter punch . reassembly in the
same order ca n be guaranteed, and tra nspor tat ion beco mes less of a hassle.

Finishing
T he success of the finishing de pe nds
largel y on the ca re exe rcised in the preparation , but do not ove rlook the necessity
of finis hing all surfaces eq ually, espec ially the und er sid e of the top. Thi s will
minim ize any ten dency to warp, for an y
moisture co ntent var iatio n will be the
sa me on both surfaces . On e of the best
treatm ent s fo r a din ing tabl e is repeated
thin applica tions of a pen etr ati ng oil like
Watco. Let eac h coa t dry thorou ghly
hefo re applying the next. Eventually a
very durab le g loss will bui ld up tha t wi ll
wit hstand much wa ter and alcoho l.
Shou ld di saste r strike . rep airin g this kind
of finish is not too d iffic ult. ~
Po pular Wood wor king

anyway- the Japanese design has some definit e advantages.

I' ve alw ays had two co mplaints about the ord inary hand saw. To begin with , the ker f le ft by Western saws is j ust too
wide for so me jobs. Th e second is that when the blade binds
in the kerf the sa w can wobble and bend. Th e struggle to
dislodge it can make a slapstick co median out of the most
skilled ca rpe nter; and , in some cases, it ca n also put a
perm anent kink in the saw blade.
Actu all y the two probl ems are related. In orde r for the
push saws to work at all they must be equ ipped with
fairl y thick, sturdy blades. A thin blade wo uld simply
buckl e or snap. Some types of saws co mpensa te for thi s
probl em by bol sterin g a narro w blade with a bul ky and
awkward frame. Japanese saws require no such reinforcement. Because they cut on the pull stroke, they
can be made almost paper thin .
As a result, they cut faster , more preci sely and
are far less tirin g to use. Th e Japanese saw is held
light ly in the hand and drawn toward the body in
long, easy strokes. There are se ve ra l comfortable
way s to grip the long bamboo-wrapped handl es,
allowing more fine "control of the bladeswhich are , in any case, ex treme ly light, bal anced and manageable. As a result , the saw is
superbly adapted for delicate wo rk. Starting a
cut is particularl y ea sy. A Western saw will
Anahiki - Noko!JiYi
tend to dance aro und a bit before settling
into the kerf- slightl y off the pen cil line, as
KAtaba. 5!y1eofte n as not. But the pulled blade is more
( We;tUYl J~ VaYie.'!:!)
stable and genera lly cu ts true to the mark
on the first stroke.
Accordin g to Leonard G . Lee, president of Lee Valley Too ls Ltd ., the Japanese saw has had to be partl y redesigned for the Western market. Th e
traditi on al Jap anese woodworker
made scant use of hardwoods and ,
needl ess to say, plywood wa s unknown until fairly recently. So the
by Bruce Tay lor
true Japan ese sa w had very long,
I'd like to meet the gu y who invent ed the saw. I'm talk ing
narrow teeth, optim ized for cut about the typi ca l Western-sty le fram eless cross cut saw, the one
ting pine. Thi s made them a bit
we all picture when we say "saw ." I would urge him to perform
too delicate for hard er wood s.
a simple experiment. I'd have him grasp one end of a shoe lace
The probl em is co mpo unded by
betw een "his thumb and forefinger. Th en I'd ask him to push it in
the fact that Japanese saws are
a straight line across the tablet op . Onl y the maddest of mad
cut from a ve ry hard stee l,
invent ors could fail to notic e that the string would buckle, bend
whereas most Western saws
and twist. Then I'd sugg es t that he try pullin g the string. On his
are stamped o ut of a more
first attempt he would become acqu ainted with an elementary
flexible metal. Thi s hard
prin cipl e that has been known to Japan ese sawma kers for ce nstee l in the Japanese saws is
turies: it' s a lot easier to pI/II a flexible object in a stra ight line
cut with a d iam on d saw
than to push it.
c:
and then the teeth are ind iJapanese hand saw s are designed to cut on the pull stroke, ~:;
o
vid ually honed. Th e rewhile Western saws are made to be pushed. There ' s no tellin g .!l1
OJ
sult is a saw tooth that
why Western saws go the wrong way ; ma ybe we 're just natu- s:E
'"
holds a razor- sh arp
rall y pushy. But , havin g tried both, I ca n say that-for some jobs, o~
>.
.c
edge but is ve ry eas ily
Bruce Taylor is a pupp etmak er and perform er with the Picardi .~'"
brok en off. To make
Marionette Theat re , and the author of Mari onett e Magic: From ~
th eir sa ws s uffi Co nce pt to Curtain Ca ll (TA B Books Inc.. P.O. Box 40. Blue Ridge ~
c
iently durable, Lee
SUII/mil . PA 17214 ).
December / Janu ary 1995

65

Valle y has them cut with shorter, wider teeth. Thi s g ives a more
rugged version of the traditional too l without co mprom ising c utting abi lit y. T o dem on strate the effectiveness of thi s implement
Leonard Lee invites visito rs to watch while he cuts I/x" from the
end of a so ftwood plank . First he att empts it with a West ern
dovetail sa w. cutting ac ross the g ra in. Th e saw leav es a fairl y
ragged edge. with plenty of pull ed fib er s han gin g loo se. and the
wood c rum bles as it is remov ed. Th en he rep eats the pro cedure
with a Japanese bucksaw . With a fe w qui ck strokes he lo ps off
a slice so thin yo u can practicall y see thr ou gh it. The ed ge s are
smoo th and the re are ver y few pull ed fibe rs. It' s a co nvinc ing
demonstrat ion.

Th e Right Saw for th e J ob

Japanese saw s are typicall y qu ite spec ialized . so you sho uld
choose o ne carefu lly ac cording to the kind of work you plan to
do . Th e re are different design s for hardwood s. so ftwoods . plywoods . paneling. and gree n wood . Sp ecial va riations o n main
type s are available to do spec ific jo bs . suc h as flush- cutting or
cutting dov etail joints. Th e m ost popular shapes fall into three
main cat egories: co m b ina tio n crosscut/ripsaw s. buc ksa ws a nd
log saws .

Ryoba : Combinat ion Crosscut/ Ripsaw

The most ver satile of the se handsaws is a comb inati on cross/
ripsaw. known in Japanese as a ryo ba, This straight-edg ed sa w
is usually so ld with a fairly sho rt bl ade . between eight and thir - ~
teen inches lo ng. One ed ge ha s a rip-tooth patt ern ; the othe r has ~
crosscut teeth . The number of teeth per inch va ries acc or d ing to ~
the s ize of the blade-the bi gger the blade the fewer the teeth . ~
Dozuki
There are usually about twice as man y teeth per inch o n the be used for c ros sc utt ing lumber .
c rossc ut edge . This is the nearest thing to an all-purpose saw . It
Dozuki : Backsaws
is quit e suitable for cutting s lots and lar ge dovetails but can al so
T he Japanese backsaw , or dozuki, is an exce llent tool fo r m iThe sa w kerf made by the typ lcal Western saw (left)
tered cut s. notching. slotting and a ll kind s of joiner y. Th e Jap ais much wider than th at of the doz uki (right) .
nese buck saw is held in on e hand. and usin g it is a lot like s licing a loaf of bread . T he re is a daunting vari ety of the se buc ks aws
availab le. A ltho ug h few ret ailers carry a full se lectio n. choos ing
one is not necessaril y easy. Th e y ha ve ver y fine teeth . a nd th e
stee l is br ittle. so if yo u use the wrong saw for the job yo u co uld
end up w ith a gap- toothed o r br oken blade . Replacem ent blades
are ava ilable. but not c hea p. so it's a go od idea toask yo ur retail e r
fo r det ail s abo ut the tooth pattern s he has in stoc k. For exam ple.
a spec ia l type ofdn:lIki w ith a sho rte ned back frame and a thick er
blade is ava ilable for cuttin g plyw ood .

Log Saw
Thi s kind of sa w. know n in Japan ese as a anahiki . is for
rippin g or crosscutt ing logs o r heav y lumber. These saws are
ge ne ra lly more rugged than oth e r typ es. Th ey have no bac k support and ha ve teeth o n o nly o ne edg e so that the top edge doe sn 't
dist ort or enla rge the kerf whe n making a deep cut. Th e blad es
are usuall y aro und fift een inch es in len gth . thou gh sma ller sizes
are avail abl e. Th ey oft en have as few as five lon g. staggered
teeth per inch.

Where to Find T hem

Your co rne r hardwa re sto re ma y boa st a stu nning se lec tion
of Ta iwa nese crescent wren ch es. but it probabl y does not car ry
c. fine Japan ese wood wo rking tool s. Fo rtuna tely. the y are readi ly
~ av ailabl e from suppliers of specialize d woodwork ing eq uipo
~ men t. If the re are no "fine tool " sho ps in yo ur area yo u ca n o rde r
8 by ma il from the co m pa nies list ed o n the following page. ~
Pop ular Wood wor king

:;
co
c-,

i!'

'l=

LJi1,-..ii~Woitl:it.1~i.L1:l.lliJl:.'1.1L2....il:II_U~~.....':'::"""~d~ "i

Modem sa ws comm only f eature replaceable blades. Sh own are

dozuki (left) and ryoba (right).

Aq ua Sharpening Stone & Too ls, Inc.

I 129 Solano Ave., Dept. PW
Alba ny, CA 94706
(4 15) 525-8948

Albert Constanti ne and Son. Inc.

2050 Eastc hester Rd.. Dept. PW
Bronx. NY 10461
(800) 223-8087
T he Fine Tool Shops
20 Backus Ave .
PO Box 1262. Dept. PW
Danbury. CT 068 I0
(800) 243 -1037

December / January 1988

Th e thin.flexible blade call

bend to cut flush ill hard-to-reach places.

Ga rrett Wade Company. Inc.

161 Avenue of the Americas. De pt. PW
New York. NY 100 13
(2 12) 807- 1155

Hida Too l & Hardware Co .. Inc.

1333 Sa n Pablo Ave .. Dept. PW
Berk eley. CA 94702
(4 15) 524-3700
Lee Valley Tools. Ltd.
1080 Mo rrison Drive. Dep t. PW
Ottawa . Ont ario
K2H 8K7
Canada
(6 13) 596 -0350

67

APopular Woodworking Project

Child's Cupboard
.,1

by Jacob Schulzinge r
Thi s 40 " tall pine cupboard is ju st the right size fo r
childre n to store their bo ok s
and toys in or use as pla y
furn iture. T he fixe d she lving
is join ed with sliding do vetails to make the fina l asse mbly mu ch easier. In add itio n,
the dovetai led she lves e liminate the need for clamping up
the ca rcase and fo r fas teners
to hold the she lves in position .
Start by c utti ng the two
sides (A) slightly lon ger than
the dim ension give n in the
cutting list. Th e sides mu st be
flat , as any excessive cupping
will ca use the slid ing dovetail s to bind when the she lves
are install ed . C arefull y identi fy the
boards for right and left sides. front and
bac k edges, and inside and outs ide faces
to prevent erro rs wh en layin g o ut and
cutting the slots for the she lves . Lay out
the ce nte rlines for the she lves as show n in
Fig ure 1. Ta ke eac h measurem ent fro m
the top end of the sides to ens ure alignment. Agai n refer ring to Figure I . measure from the back edge to mark the le ngt h
of the stopped dove ta il cha nne l. T he
shelve s are designed to ex te nd 1/2" be yo nd the ends o f the sto pped slots.
Set up the ro uter with a 1/2" dovet ail
cutter se t to a depth of 5/16" . Make a
sa mple cut on a piece o f sc ra p wood and
save this sa m ple for chec ki ng the fit of the
dovet ail ten on s. Rout all of the stopped
dovetail s. [Editor' s No te: For bes t rcJacob Schulzinger is an industrial engineer
in the aerospace industrv. Woodworking is
his part-time business and hobby,

suits, mak e one pa ss wit h a stra ight-cutting hit to remove IIl1lCh (!I" the waste
before ro uting the dovctai ls.i
Layout and drill two 2" diame ter
hol es at the bott om of eac h side boa rd. cut
the ove rall len gth to finished size and
co mp lete the two cuto uts with a sa bre
saw. Bore two 4" d iam eter cutouts for the
5" setback with a tly-c utter and finis h the
cutouts wit h a sab re saw . When using the
fly-c utter, yo u should dri ll ha lfway
thro ugh the material from each side to reduce tearout. You mu st use a dri ll press
for this ope ration and sho uld clamp the
boards sec ure ly to the drill press table fo r
sa fety. Dress up the edges with a cabinet
file and sa ndpaper before co ntin uing.
Cut the three she lves (B . C. and D)
and the bottom (E) to their finis hed
lengths of22-I/x" (2 1-1/2" plus two tenons
that are eac h 5/16" lon g ) and then rip to the
widths show n on the c utti ng list.

Use some scra p lumber

from the she lves (sa me
thickness) to se t up the
rOlltel' for cutting the dovetail ten ons. Check the test
cuts for size against the
sam ple channe l you made
ea rlier. Th ey sho uld fit
firm ly togeth er. When you
cut the shelves. eac h joint
sho uld then be hand-fitted
wit h a chisel and carefully
mar ked with its mate to
make the final assembly
run smoothly .
~
After cu tting the ten~s: ons, trim back the leading
i edge of eac h by 5/S". This
~ trimm ing wi ll allow the
-a forwa rd edge of each she lf
to ex tend past the stopped slots. I s ugges t
that yo u cut o ut any knots foun d on the
mal e dovetail s becau se these areas are too
de nse to sa nd for final fit. Cut the cabinet
top (F) to size and ro ut a 3('iI," deep X 3/R"
wide ra bbe t o n eac h end. C ut match ing
rabbe ts at the top ends of the sides (A),
then reset the ro uter to cut 3/R" deep X 1/4 "
wide rabbe ts along the back edges of all
three pieces. to accept the back (G) .
Assemble the basic cab inet with glue
by installi ng a si ngle she lf at a time be tween the two side boa rds . Pu t a small
amo unt of glue in eac h dovet ail slo t and
pu sh eac h she lf into position. Start at one
end of the un it and wo rk yo ur way down.
one she lf at a time . After all she lves arc in
place, adj ust the position of each so that
the ir back edges are tlu sh with the rabb et
that was cut for the back pan el.
Install the ca bi net top with a few 4d
nail s. and then chec k the squareness of the
Popul ar W oodworking

Child's Cupboard
Cutting List
Finished Size
Qty Part
2

Piece

3/ "
4

11 "

395/ S"

3/ "
4

43/4"

221/ S" upper shell

3/ "
4

103/ 4" 221/ S" middle shell

3/ "
4

83/ 4"

221/ S" lower shell

3/ "
4

10"

22\" bottom

3/ "
4

6"

1/ "
4

3/ "
4

2"

1]1;4" stiles

3/ "
4

2"

181/ 2" toprail

23"

sides

top

221/ 4" 375/ S" back

3/ "
4

23/s" 181/ 2" bottom rail

3/ "
4

91/ S"

--

12\" doors

Supplies
4

decorative hinges

knobs

magnetic catches

------- -------- - ~-----IH

......

December/January 1989

......

......

-----.
69

If th ere are kno ts ill th e dovetail ten on

area, rem ove that portion of th e tenon so it
doesn't bind in th e dado.

Use a fly-cutter to make the curves in th e profile of th e sides and th e bottom rail the n cut
th e straight portion s with a sabre saw.
'

total assembly. To co rrec t any out-ofsq uare co nditio n, run a ba r clam p diagona lly to pull the case into sq uare.
Cu t the stile s (H) and the top and
bottom rail s (I and J ) a bit wider than
indicated in the cu tting list, but to the ir
fini shed length . Drill the ends of the ra ils
for dowels and position them between the
stiles so the ope ning for the doors will be
13" high .

Before you g lue the frame togeth er,

dr ill a pa ir o f 2" diameter holes in the
bott om rail to form the rad ii for the cutout,
the n rip the two rail s to thei r finis hed
width. Use a sab re saw to co mp lete the
cutou t, and then g lue the frame togeth er.
Wh en it' s dry, fit the fra me to the ope ning
by trimming equa l amo unts off eac h stiIe.
G lue the fra me assembly in place and
allow it to dry.

C ut the back (G ) and the doors (K) to

size, but don 't install them until all the
co mpo ne nts are sa nded and fini shed . I
chose a sa tin varn ish for this project, but
yo u ca n sta in or pai nt yours as desired.
Use decorative hinges to attach the
doors to the face frame, add some knob s,
and mou nt some magnetic catches on the
insid e to hold the doors clo sed . ~

Figure 2

Figure 1

30"

2" R.
~3"

2"

-------

1.-101/2.

171/,r

1/4" RABBET

13"

c
o

l"

>.
.0

c
'"
Q

'

'---

70

;;;
----l

~L...-

23/a"

11.1.

I.

n. J

14W
18Vz"
21 Vz"
23"

I II

...J
Popular Wo odwo rkin g

Focus on Carving

Creating Motion in Sculpture

by William H. McMaster
Wood car vin g ca n be either an art or a
craft. Th e dis ting uishing factor is in the
design . Too man y pattern s that woo d
carve rs use ha ve no life in them . Th ey
present the subject as too static and sy mmetri cal. On e thin g that stands out in an
art object is the se nse of moti on impli ed
by the sc ulptor. Ho w to ac hieve this in
yo ur carv ing is the subject for th is issu e.
Hum an and ani ma l locom otion were
ex tensive ly phot ogra phed by Eadweard
Mulbridge . O rigi na lly publ ished in 1887,
these photographs have recently been repub lished by Dove r as the book Animals

a
~
~

:
.~

Rotation

Aligned

Mobility
Mobility is cr ea ted th rou gh the use of
an axi s of reference and lines of rhythm.
Whe n de signing your ca rvi ng. draw these
lines first and the n ar range the objec ts and
forms around the m, T hen test out yo ur
ideas with a cla y model before co mmi tting yo urse lf to the wood. Th is clay model
William H . iHcM aster is Chief (!f the
Education Division of the California
Carvers' Guild . His "Focus O il Carving"
is a regularfeature ill PW ,
December/J a nu ar y 19X9

Contrap osto

Figure 1. Relat ionship to Ax is of Reference

L.------ - - - - -

---l

in Motion. Lookin g at M ulbridges man y

pic ture s of people an d animals in motion
reveals that the body goes throu gh all
sorts of position s. but most of thes e
poses--even as phot ogra phed instanta neously--do not co nvey the idea of motion .
In fac t. most stop-ac tion poses obtai ned
by phot ograph y appear rigid and ca nnot
be used directl y for sc ulpture. Instead .
they should be used only as a referen ce.
Movem ent is a transition and both
phot ography and sc ulptu re are static rep resent ati on s. so how does a woodcar ver
so lve thi s probl em ?
Movem ent is represe nted through the
use of ce rtain artistic princ iples of mob ility that create an illusion of motion . To be
success ful. yo u m ust util ize these techniq ues in yo ur de sig n. o therwise your
work wi ll look static and dull.

Tilt

Hogarth Line
of Beauty

Figura
Serpentinata

JDO

Parabola

Spiral

Circle

Figure 2. Lines of Rhythm

is one of the most imp ortant ste ps in ca rving an origi na l wo rk.

Axis of Refer en ce
Most figures have an axis to whic h the
various part s ca n be rel ated, T he parts ca n
be aligned with thi s axi s. rotated abo ut it.
or tilted away fro m it. Figures aligned
with the axis give a fee ling of stiffness and
are usu all y unint erestin g (a ltho ugh in
some ca ses a feelin g of se re nity is devel oped this way , as in man y reli g iou s ca rving s.) A sense of mob ility is impart ed by
rotating and tilt ing in rel ati on to the ax is.
Cont r a p osto is the type of rotati on whe re
differe nt portion s o f the figure are ro tated
in oppos ing dir ecti on s, It imparts a feel ing of restle ssn ess or strain. Thi s techniqu e. develop ed during the classical pe-

riod of Greek art . wa s mu ch adm ired by

the Ren aissance art ists. and used by
Michel angelo in man y of his sc ulptures.
Fig ure I illustrates wi th stick fig ures
the use of the axi s of refere nce in positi on ing the hu man bod y. Wh en we did the
carv ing of a hum an head in previou s issues (Issues 28-33 ), the head of the yo ung
wom an was rotated aro und the axis o f the
bod y. In our ca rving of the Arabian stallion (Issues 36-38), the head was both
tilted and rotated .

Lines of Rh ythm
Rhythm engages the mo vement of the
eye over the piece by mean s o f the regular
rec urrence or natu ral flo w o f its rel ated
elements. The movem ent of the viewer's
eyes mu st be draw n over the piece in a
pa tte rn preconce ived by the artist. Thi s is
ac hieved by the fl o w of lines th rou gh the
subject. T hese lines are e ithe r rea l or
im plied. Implied lines are imaginary lines
for me d by the design and are pre se nt onl y
in the mind of the viewer. T he y are
fo rme d by lines or conto urs whic h ca n be
ex te nded or made to flow into one ano ther
and thu s add unit y. grace . and rhy thm .
Real lines mu st be ca refully co nceived
and ca rve d. A broken curve , a rag ged
circle, or an uneven line that was intended
to be even will do mu ch to sp oil the arti stic
qu ali ty of a wo rk. We mu st al so be aware
7\

Figure 3.
S-Curve Line of Rhythm

Figure 4. Parabolic Line of Rhythm

Figure 5. Spiral Line of Rhythm

l~

of un want ed lines. real or imagin ary. that

co uld spo il the design . The eye wi ll
qui ckl y pick up on these and. true to
Murphy ' s Law. wi ll always misinterpre t
them .
T hus. rhy thm suggests repeti tion .
flo w, or cy cles whic h are related to the
plan of the sc ulpture. These lines of
rhyt hm give a se nse of follow- throug h
and a cohes ive ness to the ca rving . A lack
of rhythm in a ca rv ing result s in a jerky.
une ven . or disor gani zed movem ent.
Th er e are severa l such lines of rhyt hm
that can readi Iy be identified and lead to a
graceful design . Th ese are illu strated
sc he matica lly in Figure 2 and in the rep resentational sketc hes of real sc ulptures
in the following figures.
Th e " Hogart h Line of Beauty"
(name d for l Sth ce ntury Eng lish artist
Willi am Hogarth ) is a line that grace fully
curves in one d irecti on and then reve rses
itse lf. It is the we ll recogn ized "S" curve
and is the basis of man y successfu l sc ulptur es. We used it in sha ping the mane of
our A rab ian sta llion (PW #38 August/
Se ptem be r 1987), and it is the underlying
des ign fea ture of Kc m Ullbergs "Wind in
the Sa ils" show n in Fig ure 3.
Figura Serpentinata is the sp ira ling
of fOnTIS a bo ut a ce nt ral axis. Here we
have a line that sta rts at a point and then
sw ings aro und the axis in a c ircular
movem ent. In orde r to see the who le
sc ulpture . the viewer is forc ed to ci rcle
aro und to see all the points of interest.
Thi s is one of the more di fficult design s to
create and unfortunatel y we do not see
Popul ar W oodwor king

man y co nte m po ra ry works usin g thi s

very effective technique .
T he Parabola is a line whose sweep is
co ntinua lly ben d ing into a grea ter curve.
It does not dou ble back upon itself. Bill
Hunt' s "S kim m ing the Wav es" in Figure
4 has the bro wn peli can and an oce an
wave foll owin g thi s pattern .
Th e Outward Spiral is a ci rcular pattern wi th an ever-i nc reas ing radiu s.
"Twiste r & O utlaws" by G rant Spee d,
shown in Figu re 5. illustrates thi s line of
rhy thm.
A C ir cu la r Line is one which sweeps
aro und and then return s to the start ing
po int. Th e result is a never-ending co ntinu ou s line that hold s the interest of the
viewer. T his line o f rh ythm was used by 2
5
Jam es Mu ir in hi s dram at ic "Sav ing the ~

Flag" whose design is sho wn in Figure 6. 15'

The Illusion of Motion

Moti on invol ves a tran siti on from one
posi tion to ano ther. Th e probl em . then . is
how to represent it so that the result does
not look froze n in tim e. We mu st give the
impress ion of continuity: the viewe r mu st
have a fee ling o f wh at wen t on before and
wha t is abo ut to happen . As I menti oned
ea r lier. thi s rarel y happen s in a
sto p-ac tion ph ot ograph. As Fredr ick
Remingt on sa id. "The artist mu st know
more than the [cam e ra] ..,'.
Th ere are seven recognized meth od s
tha t sc ulptors have used to create an illusion of 11I0tiOI/. Th ese methods will be

Figure 6. Circular Line of Rhythm

c. L-

discu ssed se pa rately. altho ugh in pra ctice

a sc ulpto r will usuall y co m bine techniqu es in a sing le ca rving.
Symbolic Motion is a technique that
reli es on the use of ex ternal aids to indicate the motion . Th e famili ar prop s are
flowin g draper y. wind-blown hair. and
wate r waves. I used thi s technique in the
design of the man e of the racin g Arabian

..J

Stallion. and wa ter waves we re used to

show the moti on of the duck in the Columbia panel (Iss ues 39-42) . Hal Roach ' s
sw immi ng dol phin (be low) uses both
ca rve d waves and the textu re of the curly
mapl e to co nvey thi s effect.
Imminent Motion is a static pose
wh ere the subject is con te m plating the
next move. The most famo us exam p le of

Th e figure of the wood and the carved waves create Symbolic Motion ill Hal Roach's carvin g of a s wim ming dolphin.

Dcccmbcr/January 1989

73

Peggy Steffen's carving of a dog waiting to chase a ball is a good example

of the technique of Imminent Motion.

this is Michelangelo's statue of David. increasing interest in your work. As an

The wood carving of the dog by Peggy example, two commonly used poses for
Steffen (photo above) also uses this type. eagles are swooping down to catch its
We can just see him waiting for a ball to prey and taking off after catching prey.
be thrown .
Diana Kwan 's relief of the eag le catchi ng
Anticipatory Motion uses an action a fish (below) illustrates the first phase of
pose just before or after a recognized the action .
phase of motion and relies on the
Sim u la te d Mot ion is quite similar to
observer's imagination to complete the anticipatory motion but is described as the
action. This involves the viewer in the portrayal of rhetorical vio lence, the repreaction and is a very effective tool for sentation of a vigorous action at the
The technique of A nticipatory Motion is demonstrated in Diana Kwan 's relief carving,

- 74

momen t of gre ates t strai n or tension. For

examples cons ider the hurling of a spear.
thro win g a di scu s. or the brand ishing of a
sword. Ellis G ilbert's co py of the famo us
sta tue of the discu s throwe r (right) shows
this type of ac tion.
Seq u en t ia l Rhythm shows several
fig ures, each portrayin g a different phase
of the ac tio n. Th ese are usuall y seq uential
ph ases so that the obse rver can see how
the mo tion progresses. Bob Hebert' s relief carving o f the Ca nada geese (far righ t)
shows a good exam ple of this techniq ue.
Transitional Movement is the approach p ionee red by the Frenc h sculptor
A ug uste Rodin who. rath er than using
differe nt figures , chose to show a single
fig ure d isp lay ing va rio us seq uen tia l
poses. T h is method co mbi nes stages of
mo tio n to give a feelin g oftlow ing moveme nt.
T he pro blem with this approach is that
you must make sure that eac h position is
anato mically correc t, that the pose is
cha rac teris tic . and above all. tha t the
comb ina tio n is bel ievab le. ln this case
yo u are giv ing yo ur ow n artis tic interpretation of the movem en t and not j ust a
stop-act ion co py of nature.
T his last method suggests that sin ce
yo u ca nnot mak e the carv ing move, make
the obse rve r move aro und it in order to see
it all. This Moving Viewpoint approach

Popular Woodworking

Ellis Gilbert' s discu s thrower makes use of

the technique of Sim ulated Motion.
is the tec hnique of Figura Se rpentinata .
One effective use of this meth od that I' ve
seen was a sc ulp ture ofacolumn of horses
and riders desce nd ing a mou ntain. Th e
col umn circ les aro und the piece and we
see the horses in vario us phases of the
walk. To ca tch all the ac tio n yo u are
forced to wa lk aro und the sc ulpture and
view it from all angles.

Appl ying the Methods

is shown in
pensio n, so that the moti on dep icted flow s
fro m front to rear in three sequential
poses. Sculptor # 2 has positioned the
three elevated legs in a pose representing fu ll suspension, 'so his interpretatio n
shows only two phases of the actio n.
Sculptor #3 has used a stop-action pose
and rend ered the horse anatomica lly co rrect forthis pose. Sculpt or#4, who sho uld
have know n better , has positioned the

Th e technique of Sequential Rhythm

Bob Hebert's relief carving of Canada geese.

rea r legs in a position possib le for a

greyho und but not a hor se . S uch an exagge ration is all right for a ca ricature, but not
a reali stic sc ulpture.
The design of a ca rv ing is prob abl y the
most imp ort ant step in its crea tio n. I hop e
these co mme nts on the techniques used to
crea te a fee ling of mot ion w ill help yo u to
design yo ur ca rvings which show life and
acti on. ~

To study the use of these techn iques for

creating the illusion of mo tio n, let us
consider Fig ure 7 which shows fo ur di fferent sc ulptor's interpretations of a horse
at a ga llop . T he poses take place only
fractio ns of a second apar t as yo u ca n tell
by the position of the pa ttern of the supporting left fron t leg. T he basic techn ique
here is the use of anti cipatory motion
since the pose is tha t of the ga llop j ust
before it goes int o its phase of full suspe nsion . T hree of the scu lptors have used the
Sculptor #1
Sculptor #2
techniq ue of trans itio na l movem ent. Can
you te ll what is going on in eac h vers ion?
W hat pose represents the act ua l mot ion of
the horse, and whic h is a pose that is
impossible for a hor se to atta in? In yo ur
view, which one gives the best rep rese n15
tation of the moti on ?
Looking at these ske tches indi vidu all y ~
and comparing them to the stop-ac tion ~
pho tographs of Mulbridge we ca n d issec t ~
Sculptor #3
Sculpto r #4
eac h design. We see thatSculptor # 1 has ~
positioned the hin d legs at the end of the!
suspension phase j ust before the right rear ~
Figure 7. Interpretation of the Gallop
hoof lands, and the raised fore leg is de- Sl
picted at a few moments befo re the sus- -8. ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - '
December/January 1989

75

APopular Woodworking Project

Spaghetti Meas re

Devore O. Burch is a woodworker in Fort

Worth , Texas..

holes to the sizes shown . When boring the

hole s, it' s best to drill ha lfw ay through
from each side to avo id splintering wh en
the bit breaks th rouglf I use counterbores
for boring the holes. buro ther bits, such as
spade bit s or hol e saws, will work just
fin e. Now cut the.Ihandle outline and
round the comers as shown. After sandi ng
to the outline. I round all the comers and
the edges of the holes with a 1/4" radius bit
in a router.
For the lettering I used a stee l stam p

se t. someth ing which, is available from

most mail-order tool companies. To
make the letters and numbers s tand out
and be more legible, trace the indentations with a sHarp, soft lead pencil.
Since the spaghetti measure will be irr
contact with food (though very slight), a
non -toxic finish (such as Behlen's Salad
Bowl Finish, available from Woodcraft
Supply Corp.. D.ept. PW-128,41 Atlantic
Avenue, Box 4000, Woburn. MA 0 1888)
is a good choice to finish it with . ~

14-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12" -

14-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

71/2- - - - - - - - . : : . . . . --

- --

4 / --\

\(
/ \

2112-

---SERVINGS

<,

/
.--/

<,

---

LV2~ RADI U S

TYPICAL 8 PLACES

76

Popular Woodworking

.....

A~

SPAGHETTI MEASURE
I

A.J
December/January 1989

77

The 1988 National Hardware Show

by Hugh Foster
Popular Woodworking ed ito r David
Camp tlew eas t to joi n me at thi s yea r's
National Hard ware Show in Chi cago.
Our day at the show began early at the
Ryobi "Break fast C lub and Magic
Show." In most ente rtain ing and deli c ious fashion. Ryobi fed us (too we ll!)
and introduced a va rie ty of ne w pro duc ts,
notable among them the JP -1 55 6-1 /8"
jointer powered by a va ria ble-speed
motor and a 3- ho rsepowe r, 1/2" co llet
router wit h electro nic speed co ntrol.
These new tools boast featu res that are
sure to set the sta ndard for futu re designers . Ano ther most inte res ting additi on to
their line is the l4-pound TS - 20 0 mot orized miter box which sho uld appe a l to
those who have to bri ng the tool to the job
rather than the job to the tool.
Porter-Cable showed many ne w products. most notab le among them was the ir
Tru-Match' edge-joini ng sys te m . Thi s
stepped router base attac hme nt and spe cia l bit cuts glue joints with per fectl y
a ligning top surfaces. Edges joined with
this se tup are stro nge r than plain o ld
square edge-joining (wi th 30 % more
gluing surface) and bett er- al ign ed because of the interloc ki ng natu re of the
joint. Porter-Cable's ot her no teworthy
innovation is a series of co rd less too ls
made with Mognequencli' ra re ea rth
magnet motors; this is a fine dem on stration of the nex t step in the evolutio n of
power too ls whic h see m to be becoming
increas ing ly co m pac t and port abl e as
more and more of the m becom e co rd less .
Ski l, too. is breaki ng ne w gro und in
cordless tools. In the next mod el yea r they
will introduce a solar ba ttery charger to
accessorize their pop ula r Skil Twist'>, I
believe this is the first too l to be truly all
the way cord less. Innovat ion is a b ig dea l
at Skil : less than 15% of thei r 19 81 line is
still in productio n. T hey 've introduced 51
new 1001s in the past thr ee yea rs, and
two-thi rds of these are mid -priced items
for the do-it- you rsel f ma rket. David .
who had bee n tinker ing with h is truck
shortly before the show. fo und the ne w
"cordless wrenc h" to be one of the most
interesting items in the ir new line-up.
Perhaps of mo re inte res t to woodwo rkers
is Skil"s new plunge ro ute r; se lling in the
Hugh Foster is an English-leaching
woodworker in Manitowoc, Wisconsin.
71\

Th e Ryobi JP-/55 jointer weigh s just 30 pounds.

The Ryobi TS-200 motori zed miter box

The Porter Cable Tru-Match edgejoining system uses special bits to cut joints.

Th e Skil cordless power wrench- a battery-operat ed 3/8" ratchet driver

Po pular Wood wo rk ing

" unde r $80" price range, this will be the

least ex pe ns ive plun ge router on the
mark et , and its features hav e been very
ca refully en gin eered. It is the only rout er
I know of to feature bit storage in the
handle and, more importantl y, wrench
storage on top of the tool.
Freud also has introduced a new plun ge
router that is qui eter than much of the
co mpe tition, a most interestin g new
router tabl e, and a co llec tion of router bits
that is sure to empty the pockets of this
woo d-w riter. Th e sha pes of these new
bits are so va ried and so interestin g that
it' s impossible for me to pick ju st one or
two to mention here, but if yo u' re listen ing, Santa--one of each of these wo uld be
j ust right. David was rathe r more inter este d in Freud' s ne w thin -kerf saw blad e.
Thi s 60-too th blad e cut so sharply that it
wo uldn' t "c ree p" whe n the operator let go
of the rad ial- arm saw handl e, and its cut
was so smooth that even ripp ed board s
appea red alm ost to ha ve been planed .
Barr y Dun sm ore of Freud adv ised us that
if we weren 't sufficiently impresse d, an
80-tooth version will shortly fo llow this
on e to market. Need I add, we were impressed.
So far I' ve menti on ed severa l routers.
T he highli ght at Bosch in 1988 is their
mod el 161 I va riable spee d 240-volt
plun ge ro uter. Sh oul d yo u ge t an oppo rtunity to tum thi s machine on. be sure to
hold it in both hand s-its power is absolutel y breathtaking !
Makit a is about to enter the portabl e
s urface- planer market: their sma ll unit
will plane 12" wide board s, in co ntrast to
th e 10 " of m o st o t he r portabl e
surface-plane rs. Of more immedi ate interest to us was the ir ne w co rd less reci proca ting saw: qu iet and powerful. this
hand y unit will find lot s of wo rk in remode ling projects, tree-pruning. and the like.
Th ere are innovatio ns in hand tool s as
we ll as po wer tool s: DMT has intro duced relati vel y inexpen sive fo ld-up
diam ond hon es in round, half- round , and
flat co nfigura tions. Sin ce these co me in
fine, coarse. and ex tra-coa rse gr its, my
on ly problem in buying them wi ll be
deciding which to buy first. Ge neral
Hardware is showing a new fly--cutte r
with a reve rsible blade that wi ll cut
e ithe r holes (as fly--cutter s always have )
or c ircles , dep endin g upon how the user
December/Ja nua ry 191\9

Th e Bosch
/6/ / variabte-

speed plunge
router with
3hp and 240
volts is a high powere d
mach ine.

Ma kita's cordless recip rocatin g saw

The Skit mode l/ 835 plunge router

Freud 's router table

.,

."

position s the blad e.

As I rep ort ed last yea r, no on e will eve r
give yo u a full report of this sho w. I' m not
sure we saw eve n two percent o f the total
show in the 19-hou r " wor k" day, but wha t
we saw was impr essi ve indee d. You r
hard ware merchant will soo n have lots of
these new "g oodi es" to ca ptiva te yo ur
heart s and empty yo ur wa llet s. ~
79

PACIFIC BRASS
HARDWARE

;\))

t-~

D ept. P.W.

1414 Monterey Avenu e ,

Victor ia , B.C . Canada V8.

UVIail ~
~ Order
GOODWOOD
FOR THE BEST IN QUALITY,
PRICE & DELIVERY: TRY US

Cata log ue $\.00

WE BRlNOINTEORITY TO THE MAn..OROER HAROWOOD BUSINESS. Full line o f Dimension. Thl n w o od

Squares. Blocks , Ra nd om I/w. All pr iced belo w

Tr ade Enquir ies a lways

welco med

Itore reta l and d elivered to your door tor the

b o ar d s In s to ck lo r
p r ice quoted Tho usands
your setee ue n, UPS or Mo tor Ca rri er.

0'

~
o:lrl
'!

HobKnobbing.

'r~
o/" :
J', M(

0;y

1 \!~I \.Vi~

RED OAK - WALNU T - BUTTERNUT

BEECH - MA PLE - BIRCH - POPLAR
BASSWOOD - W/ OAK - CHERRY-A SH
1/6 " 10 2 " 'hick . Surfaced, KD,

Small order s welc ome d I

1~Wrlle lor FREE Cat aloo

...with the best

furn iture hardware
there is. The kind
demanding crafts man h~ been ordering from
us for years. Be it knobs or pulls. rely on our new
75page catalog to help you with the tough est
project. Toget your copy please send $4.00 to:

EAOFFWOOD

mars.

Sleeveless

DRUM SANDER

~~~u~.~~:~~~~:inngdrn:erres

long u ndpaper welf.

(81 4) 5 4 B 2507

t"

I(

3"lonO

$13.95

2" x 3" IonO '

. .. $IS.95

2'h" x 3" lonll .

3" x 3"1000 .

. $16.95
. $17.95

1" and2t.. above

Seta" above

$27.95
$56.95

3/4" x 3" 10110 , .

21/2" X4V2" \0110

USE ON:
Dnllpress. motor. rame.
combo-tools. radial saw. dnlls

I. Upp,..r Fal "2115 0

Qu ick Shipmml fr.. lo4ini-<:alalos (J 0 1) 59 28S05
R O ; lll.

Em

RJS CustomWoodworking

P.O. Box 12354, Dept. 2

Kansas City, KS 66112

ADtt 1, BOX 14l

DrlftwDDd Pa, 15 B] Z,

BHORSES15"2' TAl l XIS"

Uses regularsandpaper - nopremadesleevestobuy'

L Pr ice list

PAXTONHARDWARE
=============L
Tn
r-w
xro

7XIX Brad- haw

4 HORSES14' TAll X11'

Childhood memoriesof warmsummer nights come alivewith

our exclusive CAROUSELS. Aperfect scroll saw project. FULL
SIZE PLANPLUSsolid brass rods,lazy susan bearing,screws
and flag: Small:$6.50, Large:$9.50,only$14.00for both. Fast
FREE Shipping. $1.00 subscription Plan and Tool catalog.
FREE withoroer, Sendorder today to:

lA'p l.

$14.95
$21.95

3" I( 4'/2" 1000

$23.95
2112" x 6" 1000 .
. $25.95
3" , 6" Ion1l
. $27.95
Add SZ.50 per order lor shipping,
AVAILABLE WITlt :
*1/2" borewith'h " or V." shaft
' 'h,20RH tl1read {"",,,pt ~ ''

, 3')

' 5/IM bore ( ~ 3/4 M x :r aoo 2" 1( 31

Me. VISa. Check or More{ Olderto:

SINGLEY SPECIALTY CO. INC.

POBOX5087P. GREENSBOPll N.c'27403

PLANE. MOLD-SAW-SAND

4-

TOOLS
L
in

Power
Feed

CALL: (919)852-8581

1)

Wheels. Spindles
Balls. Knobs
Shaker pegs. And more!

2J

S ince 19271 Send $1.00 for Catalog.

$149.95

plus $6.00 shipping

(within 4B s1aIes)

(J
.:~:.

!l:rn'

'P R.O;Dt:I~ 0I:" $

o~,

P.O . Box B246PW

Northfield. IL 60093 (312)446'5 200

U
Now you can usethis ONE power-feed shop to turn rough
lumber into mold ings. trim. flooring, furniture - ALL
popular patterns. RIPPLANEMOLD-SAND . . . separately
or in combination with a single motor. Low Cost. .. You
can ownthis power tool for only $50 DOWN!

3D-Day FREE

SCROLL SAW LElTERS EASILY

IIrfO ( . Ii I / .,
(U
, ,,(,,~.._\ l ~ . \\ ~/ ~

Trial! EXC~~~r?GF~~C TS

DElTA tON MAKES TlSE FEATURES hg hly affooj.

able i1 its new 15' model 4O-1SO scroIsaw. I weighs 37
bs .. has a 21'eat Iinl ed warranty. and peOO<ms SL\>l!fbIy!

NO OaLlGATION-NO SALESMAN WILL CALL

RUSH COUPON ~~~YE~~W:biec~d .. Dept. 91403

rgp~!L~_'::::~C~tJ.:.~o.:.~~o

~ Foley-Belsaw Co.

~ ~~~aEsq~\~~~oAd6.il~~Pt. 91403

o YES . Please send me complete facts about

PLANER-MOLDER-SANDER-SAW and details

about 3D-Day trial offer.

Name

Address
Cit y

80

_
_

5alOU.SAW ~ O GY iXlk a giant ""1' lo<ward

i1 the late 1970's when a German manufa:turl!f frsl
i1troduood the rod<i1g paralebgram medlanism abrY;l
with a floaling blade cia'Tl> system. features whdl
dramati;a/Iy ocreesed blade In. and o.Jl1i'9 precisiln.

...with

Lettering Layout Guides!

Name Plates
Signs
Gifts and more
Our unique Lettering Guides are available in many
styles and sizes to suit your needs. Upperand Lower
Case Script and Block Styles...and numbers too.
Send $1.00 for brochure and prices to:
2107 So. Garland Ave.
&
Box 472749
Garland, Texas 75047

E VCO
G ALES

WHLE SUPPUES LAST, save big by ordemg our Dala

SaoIsaw Pad<age Deal, whdl lI'dudes the 40-1SO
saoIJsaw (lsi pnce $173). 62 assorted spare blades
(wo<Ih 522). 2 bestsell"'9 toy pattern Ix>oks ($5 90 vaIJe)
piJs our own SaoIJsaw User's Guide (a 5395 value)
YOU SAVE $54.90 !
70 otrJer, send chedc, MO. or MC'Visa ;'10.
Send $1.00 for OU' """"lele tool catalog
(free with order).
MCNi.'XJ. Users 0UlJide GA

ORDER TOLL FREE

(800) 241-6 748
(Ordas Only)

Ig

t
ware

1045 N. Highland Avenue , DepL P

Atlanl3, GA 30306 (404) 8724486

Popular Wood working

$139.95

185 - THE SMOOTHESTJTTING CUT-OFF BLADE

17-064
8" x 64T
$55.75
17-061
9" x 72T
$59.00
17-062

10" x 80T

$59.00

184 - THE PERFECT

:>MBINATION BLADE
17-012
8" x 40T
$55.50
17-015

10" x SOT

$49.95

'Il72 - RIP PERFECT

LU E LINES
7-017
8" x 24T
17-018
10 " x 24T

THE ONLY WAY TO

PREDRILL FOR SCREWS
Tap er ed bits allow the screw to g r ip
along its ent ire length to im p rov e ho ld ing po wer and make joi nts m uch
stronger . The tapered b it set we o ff er
has fo u r drills (fo r #6. 7. 8. 10 scr ew s).
fo ur co unters inks and four stop col lars . Th e sing le tw is t design ej ec ts
c h ips fast an d res is ts cl ogging

801-429

FREUD'S
STACK
DADOON
SALE

Four-piece
tapered bit set
Seven -p iece
taRered b it set

Seven-piece se t

$19.95
$42.50

$39.95

( 1/ 8 "- 1/ 2 ")

t smooth . flat -bo ttom gr oo ve s up

13 /1 6 " w ide.

S-306 6" CT stack dado $ 99.00

S-308 8" CT stack dado $109.00

HIGH
PERFORMANCE
LOW COST
COMBINATION BLADE

Set 01 seve n
stall co lla rs

S 5.95

Events of Interest to Woodworkers ...

Ifyour group is having an event you
would like other woodworkers to hear
about, please send us all pertinent
information at least three months hefore the opening date . We will publish
it for you in "Calendar "free ofcharge.
November 17-December 31, Seattle,
WA
The Northwest Gallery of Fine Woodworking will present its 8th annu al "Bo x
Competition and Container Show." Entries are juried for cash prizes and should
be made of wood and open in some manner. To receive an entry form contact:
Cheryl Peterson , Northwest Gallery of
Fine Woodworking, 202 First Avenue
South, Seattle, W A 98104 (206) 6250542.
December 2-4, Syracuse, NY
The "Christmas '88 Art & Craft Spectacular" will be held at the New York
State Fairgrounds, Syracuse, NY, with
demonstrations by 200 professional artisans. Showtimes are: Friday 12/2 - Noon
to 9 pm, Saturday 12/3 - lOam to 7 prn,
and Sunday 12/4 - 10 am to 6 pm . For
more information contact: United Craft
Enterprises, Box 326 , Masonv ille, NY
13804 (607) 265-3230.
January 5-29, Seattle,W A
"F or The Office," a show of decorative
wood art work for the office, will be pre sented by the Northwest Gallery of Fine
Woodworking. De sks, desk access ories,
chairs, and more will be featured by
Northwest woodworkers. For more information contact: Northwest Gallery of
Fine Woodworking, 202 First Avenue
South , Seattle, WA 98104, (206) 6250542 .
January 6-8, Norfolk, VA
The Woodworking Association of North
America's Virginia Show will be held at
the Norfolk Scope, Norfolk, Virgin ia on
January 6-8, 1989. Admi ssion is $3.00 for
WANA members, $6.00 for the general
public, and free for tho se under 12. For
more information contact: WANA , P.O.
Box 706, Plymouth, NH, 03264 Tel. 1(800) 52 I-7623 or (603) 536-3768.
January 13-15, Columbus, OH
The Woodworking Association of North
America's Columbus Show will be held at
theVeteran's Memorial Hall, Columbu s.

82

Ohio on January 13-15, 1989. Admission

is $3 .00 for WANA members, $6.00 for
the general public, and free for those
under 12. For more information contact:
WANA. P.O. Box 706, Plymouth, NH,
03264 Tel. 1-(800) 521-7623 or (603)
536-3768.
January 16-18, King of Prussia, PA
SKF' s Bearing Maintenance Institute
will conduct ten " Industrial Maintenance
and Service" courses at its King of Prussia, PA headquarters in 1989. The threeday courses teach how to save time and
money by reducing premature bearing
failure. Course dates in January are the
16th-18th; attendance is limited to 40
students per clas s. For more information
contact: Raymond A. Guyer, Jr., SKF
Bearing Services Co., 1100 First Ave.,
King of Prussia, PA 19406-1352. Phone
(2 15) 962-4804.
February 16, Racine, WI
The Dremel Creative Scholarship Contest in sculpture, carving and woodworking is open to high school students from
throughout the U.S. Entries are received
in two categories: Junior Woodworking
and Junior Carved or Decorated Projects,
and Senior Woodwork ing and Senior
Carved or Decorated Projects. Cash
prizes up to $500 are awarded and the
winner's school s receive a number of
Dremel power tool s for use in shop
courses. The entry deadline for the 1989
conte st is February 16th. Entry form s can
be obtained by writing to : Dremel Creative Scholarship Contest. 4915 21st St..
Racin e, WI 53406.
April 13-23, Houston, TX
The 1989 Houston International Festival
is now accepting applications from all
arti sts intere sted in participating in the
juried Arts and Crafts Exposition and
Market s. The fair is a nationally promoted
exhibit accepting entrie s in all contemporary and traditional craft s. The three out door markets are non-juried attractions.
and accept entries in specific categories ,
(African, Latin, and Gyp sy). Deadline for
the Juried Exposition is December 15,
1988, and deadline for the Festival Mar ket is February 15, 1989. For more infor mation contact: Production Director,
Hou ston International Festiv al, 909 Fannin , Suite 890, Houston. TX 770 I0 (713 )
654-8808. ~

Indexto Advertisers
ACME Electric
6
Ashman Technical
18
BARAP Specialties
II
Black & Decker
88
Brad O'Connor
83
Brandmark
12
Brown Wood Products
80
II
Buckeye Saw Co.
6
Burden's Supply Center
20
Clark National Products
Clayton Enterprises
6
Croffwood Mills
80
21
Daniel's Discount Tools
Delta International Machinery 12,87
Econ-Abrasives
15
Excalibur
29
Foley-Belsaw
80
Forrest Manufacturing Co.
21
Freud USA
7
Gold Country Woodworks
15
Grizzly Imports
2, 8. 11
Hammer Machinery Co.
83
Haney Manufacturing Co.
12
Highland Hardware
80
Lignomat.USA
18
Linden Publishing
12
Lobo Power Tools
13
MLCS Ltd.
5,6,19
83
Marlin Industries
Pacific Brass Hardware
80
Paxton Hardware
80
Penn State Industries
8
RJS Custom Woodworking
80
Rodman
17
Seyco Sales .
80
80
Singley Specialty Co.
Specialty Furniture Designs
15
Steussy Creations
12
Total Shop
9
Transpower (TCM)
17
Watco-Dennis
II
West Coast Veneer
6
Wilke Machinery
5
6
Wood Carver's Supply Inc.
15,1 9
Wood master Tools
Woodworker's Supply of NM
81
Woodworking Shows
83

Popul ar W oodw ork ing

Araised

Wood Carving For Fun and/or Profit!

Professional woodcarvings for thehobbyist
and superior quality for theprofessional signmaker.

panel door

NEARLY TWO DECAD~ OFTRIED ANDPROVEN PERFORMANCE.

intwo minutesl'
Hammer Raised Panel
Door Shaper

MARlJN MODEL 614

Atoolfor tbe muten...a macblne of bu.lneal...

and a bobby for tbe craftsman
DUPLICARVER TM WOOD CARVING MACHINES

Slash production time by up to 92 percent

15 [Q 25 m inutes prod uc tio n is cut to 2 minutes
One ma ch in e d oes all th e cuts
V ersatil e RPDC Shaper will make any size raised pa nel d oor
Ca t hed ra l ar ch es without ad ditional set- ups
Backed by Hammer's 23 years of e xper ie n ce
W rit e or ca ll to day for more info rmation

P.O . Box 1393

Santa Rosa, Ca. 95402-1393

(707) 542-4311

INC .

:~

26 SHOWS IN 19891
Free Workshops

*T t1

* 100 Exhibits * Prize/Drawing

WOODWORKING
SHOWS*
~achdnery
~ ~ ..
tools-supplies

'w . -

from Marlin Industries

A patented fwe axisroroing
~
action allows this machine to
~'
complete difficult undercuts
7;U
andcomoan as noother
' ! ,, ~
machine ron. Complete
~
machines areacaiIJJble
starting as low as 1359.00
t

1\.

=r;~.
: .

____

..... .,

~ \.

, , . .
,

Wrl~ today ana /Dr /Dill nuh yoa oar tall

line rota/ofDel

MarUn Indu.trles, Dept. P, Rt. 70, Box 191, Cuhlen, NC2871 7

All NEW COMBINATIONI

VERTICAL PANEL SAW!

PANEL ROUTER PLANS

SEE THE WID EST VARIETY OF WOODWORKING

PRODUCTS ALL UNDER ONE ROOF
Mach inery Power & Hand Tools' Supplles

Central Florida
Kansas City
.
Indianapolis
Colorado
North Texas
Greater Milwaukee
Metro-Richmond
Arizona
No. California
So. california
Tennessee
New England
Chicagoland
Greater Cleveland

Jan. 13-14-15
Jan. 27-28-29
Feb. 3-4-5
Feb. 10-11-12
Feb. 17-18-19
Mar. 3-4-5
Mar.10-11-12
Mar. 17-18-19
Mar. 31 -Apr. 2
Apr. 7-8-9
Apr. 14-15-16
Apr. 21-22-23
Apr. 28-29-30
May 5-6-7

Curtis Hixon Conv. Ctr.,Tampa

Kansas City Convention center
Indiana Convention center
National Western Complex, Denver
Dallas Convention center
MECCA Convention center
Richmond centre
Phoenix Civic Plaza
Santa Clara Convention center
los Angeles Convention Center
Nashville Convention Center
Hartford Civic center
Odeum, Villa Park/Chicago
Cleveland Convention center

Seminars by Ian Kirby - Roger Cliffe - Bob Rosendahl

Rude Osolnik - Nick Cook - and other Master Craftsman
1-800-826-8257 or 213-477-8521
Call for free brochure, 8:30-5 Pacific Time

Save $1 off reg. $6 admission with this ad

December/January 1989

Now even working alone you ca n eas ily make deadl y

acc urate cros s and rip cuts up to five feet wide in plywood and sheet goods. Instant set up on V-G rooves,
Dadoes, Rabbets and more. Inexpensive and easy to
build utilizing your saw and router. Ideal for amateurs
and pro s alike. For compl ete plans and parts list send
$14.95 today to Bradley W. O'C onn or, 11 Cypress
Drive, Denville, NJ 07834. NJ resident s add 90 Csales tax .

83

CLASSIFIED
A bi-monthly
magazinewith plans
and instructions for
metal-working projects
you can build. $19.00
per year (Check/M.O.).
With charge card
-call toll-free.

TOOLS
NEW EZE-ANGLEGUIDE@ CUTS 160differentangles
without changing radial-arm saw 900 setting. FREE
brochure. SteussyCreations, 334 Atherton, Novato, CA
94945.
WHITTLING & CARVINGHANOIPOWERTOOLS BOOKS
STONES , WOOO. ANO SUPPLIES

WARREN TOOL CO., INC.

@It=>,

RT. 1 BOX 14A DEPT. PW

RH INEBECK. NY t2572
(9t4) 876-781 7

SEND $1.00
FOR CATALOG

8008247888 Operator 660 or write

The Home Shop Machinist.BoI1810-T
Traverse City MI49685

NOW Willi
LEFT" RIGHT

HAHD 11IREADS

BAND SAW BRAZER

#1018

Book describes step-by-step how to build a hammer

dulcimer. Many tips and lIIustrations. Helpful to novice
and professional.
Woodworks
P.O. Box 218
Brookston , IN 47923

(317) 563-3504

Check or Money Order

VISA and MasterCard

1-5pm, M-F

3546 NO. CLARK ST,

CHICAG O. ILL. 60657

WOODWORKER'S EXCHANGE
BUY/SELL YOUR TOOLS, PLANS,
AND EQUIPMENT-REACH OVER
180,000 READERS WITH A PW
CLASSIFIED AD.

FREE ILLUSTRATED CATALOG of books for woodworkers: instructions, scaled drawings, patternsforfurniture, toys, house carpentry, duck decoy, bird and figure
carving, chip carving, wood sculpture, lathework, more.
Most $4.00 to $6.00. Write: DOVER PUBLICATIONS,
Dept. A226, 31 E. 2nd Street, Mineola, NY 11501.

1989 LEATHERCRAFT CATALOG. 100+ pages. Largest selection available of genuine leathers, tools, kits,
books, supplies. Fine tooling, utility, garment leathers,
suedes, exotics. Belt, wallet, moccasin kits and more!
Low prices, quantity discounts. Send $2.00 pstg/hdlg to:
Tandy Leather Company, Dept PW1288c, POBox2934,
Fort Worth, TX76113.

84

Catalogonrequest

CLOSING OUT:Air-driedhardwood,collected& lovingly

stored for 2 generations. Mostly cherry, some walnut;
widths lengths & thickness vary. Ask for Richard (616)
335-9312.

BULLD OZER REPLI CA

Any wood craftsman will be proud to build and own this ceeo r-a-kind wooden bull dozer repl ica. Its befty size (l SL. 9.SW
. 8.5H) will complimcnl any fireplace mantle or office dc.k.
Loo ks authentic. Can be built with ordinary shop tools from
any kind of wood. This unique "dozer" can cu ily be mass
produced and sold pro fits.b1y. Plan pa ck includes step-by-step
instructions and full size drawings. PLA NS 514 9S

ELCO Products - Box 126-E, Waukanis. OK 7m3

DOOR HARPS ARE HOT! Our proven fastsellers mean

big bucks for you. Six different 11 X 17 full-size plans
$6.95 ppd. Arts-No (PW) Box 587215, Alsip, IL 60658.

$75.50
NELSON & JA COBSON, INC.

.-

by
Charlie Aim

Do inside contour sawing

easier and faster. Make your
own band saws from coil stoc k.
Brazer complete with kit.

Mfrd. by

---:- :
.

DULCIMER BOOK
How I Build
The Things

Theultimate woodthreadingdevice. Attaches to your router& makes

pertect 1/2' . 314'. and l ' threads. For"formation: Oept. PW, 541 Swans
Rd.. N.E..Newark. OH. 43055. (614) 345 -5045; (8001 3314718.

ELECTRO

MIOWEST DOWEL WORKS, INC.

4631 Hutchinson Road
-',
...-.
Cincinnati. OH45248
(513)5748488
.'

_ OlffY IA CKGIWWfTEE

Th e HAMMER

Repair band saw blades in less

than two minutes ...l rh the

DOWELS - PLUGS PEGS

Manufacturer Direct
Largest andlineSI sele<:\lOn 0\ Oal<. Walnut. Hickory. Maple. Cherry,
Mahogany. Teak, even TreatedDowels
auanti~D
iscounts
_.

HARDWOOD LUMBER, kiln-dried, large variety of species in several thicknesses andgrades. Flooring, paneling, finishing supplies. Nominimum order, sizeselection
available. Call or send stamp forlisting. Garreson Lumber, RD#3, Dept G, Bath, NY14810. (607) 566-8558.
THIN HARDWOODS: 1/32" to 1/4" thick. Oak, butternut,
cherry, maple, ash, poplar, walnut. Send large stamped
envelope to: Shaker Miniatures, Dept. PW, 2913 Huntington Rd., Cleveland, OH 44120.
HOMESTEAD HARDWOODS, 2111 Messick Rd., N
Bloomfield, OH 44450. (216) 889-3770. Kiln-dried ash,
basswood, butternut, cherry, chestnut, curly maple, oak,
poplar, sassafras, walnut. Send self-a ddressed
stamped envelope for price list.
SAW MILL DIRECT defect-free bowl/spindle turning
stock, lumber, logs, cants, cocobolo, lignum, parakingwood, bocote, primavera, partridgewood and more.
SAS.E. for list. Tropical Exotic Hardwoods of Latin
America, P.O. Box 1806, Carlsbad, CA 92008 or call
(619) 434-3030.
PENNSYLVANIA HARDWOODS for the Home Woodworker. 10species: over 2000 sizes of quality kiln-dried
lumber priced below retail. Random sizes, custom dimension, and specialty packs. Prepaid UPS delivery.
Write for catalog: Croftwood Mills, Route 1, Box 38L.
Driftwood, PA 15832.

COMPUTER GENERATED STOP GAUGE PLANS.

Make repetitive cuts accurately on your radial-arm or
miter saw. Plans/Information $6.50 Assembled units$40. LAH Products, RR2 Box 141A, Anamosa, IA
52205.
PLANS, LAWN/PATIO FURNITURE, Workbench,
Kid'sToys, Etc. Catalog $1.00 Box 908 Cornville AZ
86325.
BABY CLOSET/CHEST OF DRAWERS PLANS $6.00
Write: MPR Industries, P.O. Box 361 , Willard, UT
84340--0361.
PARALLELHAND SCREW CLAMPS $2.95 each in -6clamp kit" (unassembled wood and hardware), plus
$2.50shippingand handling. Information $1.00 (refundable). Wood Smythe, RR 1, Box 292, Dorsey, IL 62021 .
MAKE YOUR OWN PUZZLE PATIERNS ANDMORE.
Use them for business or fun. Send $4.00 and L- SASE
toTinkerEn!., 3505 North Drive, Saugerties, NY 12477.
100FULL-SIZEWOODCRAFT PATIERNS, Windmills,
Birdhouses, Toys, Lawn Ornaments, Novelties, Etc.
$4.00. Catalog alone $.50 Hayes Patterns, 6E Willow
Street, Woburn, MA 01801.
UNIQUE PLANTERS. Circular-Hexagonal-Octagonal.
Complete plans and instructions. Six designs and marketing guide $7.95 ppd. Free information - SASE. TLC
Woodcrafts 5727 Green Timbers, Humble, TX77346.

Popul ar Woodwork ing

SCALED PLANS FOR TWO (2) PICK MEUP TABLES

Nice Xmas projects. Send $4.95 postpaid Elder's Mfg.
Co., PO Box 65322, West Des Moines, IA50265.

S~ SANDPAPER

WESTERN ANTIQUE RESTORATION

SUPPLY COMPANY
(505) 98355 35
Featur ing quality wood finishing produ cts by

8EHLEN, WATERLOX and more.

Competitive Prices - Ou anll ty Discounts.
Favorable shipping rates,
Send $1.00 (refu ndable) for current pr ice list.
VISA and MasterCard accep ted .

TOY BOX..,CHILD'S EASEL...DOLL CRADLE. Build

with pride from our quality plans. Send $1 for detailed
brochure. ADW, Route 6, Box 114A, Iowa City, IA
52240.
WINDOWSILL CAT PATIERNS for twelve different
wooden cats to sit on windowsill, shelf or ledge. Send
$6.00 to Dakota Wind, Box 866 PW, Jamestown, ND
58402.
WILDLIFE CARVING PATIERNS and instructions for
ducks, pheasants, shorebirds, songbirds, and fish. Send
$6.50 to Dakota Wind, Box 866PW Jamestown, ND
58402.
PLANS FOR 300+ TOOLS Catalog $1.00 (refundable).
Wood-Met Services, Dept. PW, 3314 Shoff Circle, Peoria, IL 61 604.

PO. Box 9409, Santa Fe. New Mex ico 87504 9409

Door Harp Parts

Same Day Service
Tun ing Pins : 1 00 for $18 .00, 500 for $75,00
W i re : 25 ft. for $2.50, 350 ft, for $15,00
Wood Balls 3/4" 100 for $8.00, 500/$30 .00
V isa & MC (516) 4626228
Catalog $ 1.00
Sh ipp ing charge $2.50 .. .. .. NY Res. add tax

ARMOR

Bo x 445. East Northport, NY 11731

_ii3i4ii.i,',''3tiiiIJ:a:fjt.,@" .,=I
20 0 paltern packet for scrol l band & jigsaws
projects

PROf ESSIONA l.

jus t $3lc opy

SrA'NID GLASS

If you work with sta ined glass, t his mon thly magazine
will be your bible. Techn iques, project s, lush color
photos, tool evaluation and analysis by experienced
professionals. $25 /year (12 iss ues). Sat/ sf. guaranteed
$50,000 in awa rds l or new work . Order from:

selling country projects

100 yard ornaments, animals, birds and more
17 "Show Stoppers" - craft show best sellers
Send $7 .00 per packet o r 3 FOR ONLY $14.00.
Fast Service . Satisfaction Gua rante ed.'
ACCENTS Dept MR128, Box 7387, Gonic, NH 03867

o
o

" - ~a~a~~_o~

~6_0~ ~:t~e~: ~ ~ ~~_( ~r:"..':i~h_O~d:~

.J

Creole beautlf u; ..cole ma..terpieces.

Simple 1001.. .t pride I. vour uork ,
;;:-"~'lII'I"

Choose from :
VI. Rocki' l H,m

VI. Glid" POI'

t l. t..eesel Mm

tt t"".. ~ R.bbit tt taroml Lioo

TI. MASTERS WOR ~ m CH
P",.! ~ ~s.I49.9l F.II Si" Plaos.SM.ll
D. l. PW - 19
P"t1ud. OR. iliiS

POST OFFICE BOX BRONZE DOORS;No. 1$5.00;No.

2 $6.00; No.3 $8.00, plus $1 .00 each shipping. SASE:
Hubbert Woodcrafts, P.O. Box 141 5, Fletcher, NC
28732. (704) 687-0350.

ATIENTION WOODWORKERS! Shaker Pegs, Toy

Parts, CandleCups, Sawtoofh Hangers, SpecialtyWood
Products. Wholesale Prices! Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Catalog $1.00. Cranmasters, Box 8133 (P128), West
Chester, Ohio 45069.

BUSI NESS
OPPOR T UNITI ES

50SHOP TIPS-Will helpsave time, money, frustration.

Send $3.00to Doc's Enterprises, P.O. Box 190W, Milton,
FL32572.

BUILDING? RESTORING? REPAIRING? Use ChemTech, the epoxy glue professionals use. Strength and
reliability proven in boats and aircraft over 15 years.
Introductory Offer: 1/2 pt. T-88 Epoxy Glue only $9.95
ppd. USA. Orders shipped within 48hrs. Technical staff
oncalltoanswer your questions. Chern-Tech, Dept. PW,
4669 Lander Rd., Chagrin Falls, OH 44022. (216) 2480770.

IJv~'
7

.:t'1;ll1llI.].~"

....'11
~

CLEAR SANDED S4S

READY TO USE
TEAK - MAHOGANY
REDfWHITE OAK ASH POPLAR
WALNUT - EXOTIC HARDWOO DS
HARDWOOD PLYWOODS AND MORE!

<j

INFORMATIVE 192 PAGE CATALOG for woodworkers,

woodcarvers, upholsterers, antique restorers, including
many unusual, hard-to-find items. Send $1 .00 to Van
Dyke's, Dept. 50, Woonsocket, S.D. 57385.

Call for

FREE CATALOG!
SHELL LUMBER
AND HARDWARE

December/January 1988

SPRAY-QN SUEDE LINING : Finish any project with a

softtouch. Free Brochure withsample. DonJerProducts,
Ilene Court-Bldg. 8G, Bellemead, NJ08502, (800) 3366537.

#2 POST OFFICE DOORS $5.00 each, post paid minimum order 8doors. Lewis, 1649 McDowell Rd., Jackson,
MS 39204 (601)372-2725.

~~;...

HAVE YOUEVER WANTED TOBUILD a woodenboat?

Come toMaine and takeoursix-week course.The Rockport Apprenticeshop, P.O. Box 539P, Sea St. , Rockport,
ME 04856 or call (207)236-6071 .

CALL TOLL FREE- 1'(800) 822-4003

Minimum Order $25.00 PARes. Add 6% FREE CATALOGUE

245 West 29th St., Dept. Q1, New York, NY 10001

o " Count ry Critters"-100 patterns, un ique

o 6 enjoyable "W ind-Act io n" whirligigs

o " Co untry Class ics" - best

HIGHQUALITY DISCOUNTPRICES FREEFREIGHTmost areas

BELTS: BEST RESINOVERRESIN. HEAVY DUTY ' X' wr.I O,Box
1 x 42
$O.70e,
4x36
$1.15';a.
3 x 21
0.75
6 x 48
2.65
6x89
4.75
3 x2 4
0.80
4 x 24
0.90
Prices quoted 80 grrt. other gntsavailable.
ADHESIVE CLOTH DISCS: BEST RESIN OVER RESIN.
HEAVY DUTY "X" wr.
5' Diameter
$0.70 ea.
9'
$1 .45 ea.
6'
80
10'
1.80
8'
1.15
12'
2.00
Prices quoted80 gnt. other grits available
CABINET PAPER- BROWN
GARNET PAPER- ORANGE
WETiDRYPAPER-BLA CK
40Grrt
50PK $16.00
180 thru 1200 100 PK $22.00
80Gnt
50PK
12.00
100. 120. 150
100PK
21.00
NOLOAD PAPER-WHITE
180. 220
100PK
18.00
180 thru 400 100 PK$19.00
CLEANING STICKS $3.50Small $6.50Large
CLOTH SHOP ROLLS SLEEVES AND DRUMS MASKINGTAPE

RED HILL CORP., P.O. Box 500. BIGLERVILLE. PA 17307

Professional Stained Glass

WOOD CARVING A relaxing hobby. Where to start?

Write forfree brochure send SASE to: Zidik's Carvings,
P.O. Box 35, Annville, PA 17003.

CLASSIFIED

2733 SW 27 Ave.
Coconut Grove, FL 33133

..

DIRECTORY OF WHOLESALE REPS FOR CRAFT

PROFESSIONALS. 75 companies. Detailed listings.
$5.59 Northwoods PW29 13451 Essex Court, Eden
Prairie, MN 55347.
IDEAL WOODWORKING BUSINESS. Unusual Money
Maker. Work Home. Free Brochure. PineCo, 897-3Mammoth, Manchester, NH 03104.
MAKE MONEY WITH YOUR WOODWORKING. Book
covers retail, wholesale selling, pricing, credit, getting
started. $3,00. Guaranteed. Immediate FirstClass mail.
In Print, Box 687PW, Farmingdale, NJ 07727.

CLASSIFIED MARKET INFORMATION:

Classified Display: $60.00 per inch for 1
issue,$50.00 per inch for 6time rate(6consecutive issues); Classified Rate: 95cents
per word; 15word minimum. Payment must
accompany all Classified ads (not commissionable). Deadline for Issue 47(Feb '89)is
Dec 1, 1988 PopUlar Woodworking, 1300
Galaxy Way #8, Concord, CA 94520, (415)
671-9852.

. . . (305) 856-6401 . . . . .

85

Standing out side my shop , my wife cradle s a clipboard for

listing the sacrifices in the new spaper. Yard Sale Fever: When
the madn ess is upon her , she starts counting my few tools ,
dooming them eac h with word s like "excess" and "surplus." Her
normally clear blue eyes scan the shop and see , somehow, only
clutter and crowding.
"How can you even walk in there ?" she asks, frowning at the
irreplaceable treasures heaped all around me. "You look like a
mount ain goat standing on a pop bottl e." True enough , the only
visible floo r is betwee n my shoes , and the Wonderful Things
cove r eve ry other sq uare inch . But heck, ho w much floor do I
need ? Who paces worriedly in their shop, any way?
Then, out of the blue , she asks how man y drill s I own .
Let' s see. Th e three shoulder drill s, the seven push drill s, the
half-inch , the three-eighths, the quarter-inch , the modeling
drills, the duckbill, and the nine bitbraces.
"Two," I say. " I could sell one , ma ybe ."
She pout s. She says that I would no doubt sell her before I'd
sell a tool; I say, oh non sense, if I had a spare wife I'd want to
keep them both. Somehow it comes out different than my
meanin g. Free advice: In marriage , surrender is the better part of
valor. "Give me a tabl e .v-l shrug . " I' Il see if I can find a few
things ."
Th e sun rises on the aw ful day , baking our huge lawn which
now looks like the floo r of my shop. A hot day in Death Valley,
so I put some beer on ice nearb y. Then I lay each tool out on the
Jeff Taylor is a woodworker and writer in Corvalis, Oregon.

"I really didn It mind waiting."

86

table , stifling little crie s of pain as I do .

Goodby, offset back saw . So long , rosewood bevel square.
Farewell , 45 bitbrace with the pearl-inl aid handl es; my oid
punch router, several cordless hammers, a scratch awl. It would
be easier, in some ways, to sell organs right out of my body. A
beer help s. So does another.
Smelling the rottin g bargain s, vultures begin to pull up in
the ir cars .
No, I'm wrong. Thi s first guy is a walru s, wearing whiskers,
a beret, and Arm y boots. His walru s spine ha s probably never felt
the burden of a day' s labor. His uncalloused flipper s touch, and
then pick up a plumb bob. "How much?" he asks, sm iling
sleepily and belching a little herring burp .
"Two hundred doll ars," I say firml y. A fraction of its sentimental value, solid brass, steel tip , dated 189 I. He opens his
mouth , blinks rapidl y by way of repl y, puts it down and goes
awa y, harrumphing. His place is instantl y taken by a mat ron
whose hair bounc es and crackles, sprayed into tight little curls
like Medu sa ' s snakes . Th ank my luck , she doe s not make eye
contact as she grabs each tool and shakes it.
Finally she skewers me with a look . Her eyes are like black
olive s, salty and pitted. "What ' s this?" she asks, strangling a saw
clamp used by better men than any of the seven husband s she has
prob ably nagged to death . Her lips are hard enou gh to open a
beer bottle, but I use my churchkey to open my next one.
"Don' t know ," I say absently, watching a small child experimentally poking his sister with my third-favorite awl. " I think it
mu st be a Roto Rooter claw; I found it in a sewer c1eanout all
covered with ...." She vanishes , wipin g her hand on a lace
handkerchi ef. i snatch the awl back from the kid and direct him
to the toy sec tion. While he ' s thu s distracted , his sister punches
him in the arm; they go away .
A young per son coa sts up magically from the sidewalk,
wearing a wide skateboard on his feet. He stops, kicks one edge,
and it springs into his hand. Chewing a large cud of pink gum,
he sneers at the arra y ofpre ciou s tools for performing the strange
adult ritual called " work."
"Wow," he says. "Whoa, what a bunch of junk, dude ! Wh at
are they all, anyw ay? " Th e scratch awl in my hand qu ivers. I
breathe through my nose for a few seco nds, and put it down.
"Deadly weapons," I say.
He ignores me. "Huh, wow , yeah. Go t like, y'know, a wrench
for tightenin g the nut on my wheels, dude ?"
As it happ en s, I do have a tool for tightening up a little nut on
wheel s. " May be," I say . " Let me see your board ." He starts to
hand it over, but yanks it back when I pick up a froe. "Wow," he
says again, " no way, man! You 're sick!" I laugh and take a sip
of beer. "You could always shoplift another one ," I chu ckle.
He goes away, pumping one leg and lookin g over his shoulder. Too bad . I could have customized it for him so he could drive
it through a picket fenc e.
My wife comes up. " How's it going , honey?" Across the
yard , somebody sho uts an offer of five buck s for our grand
piano. She smiles and shakes her head, holding out for six.
"S ell anything?" she asks me. I forget what I say . What I' m
think ing, though , is: Not if I can help it! ~
Popular Woodwor king

"

' f luBelt Sanders are designed to provide maximum

precision, Each one is available with not only an
',' attachablesanding frame to prevent gouging and
. rocking,but acompatible inversionstand or
bevel fencefor sanding fromany position.
And on ourelectronic model,variable
,speed selection gives youaneven
greater.degree o~ ~~~J~

~'''~''A~ ~ ". ~ .~

.;!.. :. .-:;.....
. ;~,.~~:..

Theo~ly pneof its,kind in'theUS., the 'EIO Jointer!

,::\;':.
Spfiner bas amotor that swivels, so plate cutting
. ,:' j, "
from any position iseasy. What'smore, it makes '
'~
" ' grooves fo~ flat dowels ano splines, and iseven '
I
,
I aprecisiontr im saw"Making it by far the
" " :
,'
, most flexible tool you can own. ' "
,'
y ,
" ', ,
,:
, ,
'

.A
.

..'

.
,

.'
"

" ,

.: Solid an~fp.o0erful;'all Eill'Plunge '

Routers provide perfect 90 degree
entry and exit fr.om the workpiece. Plus,
on two models, electronic controlled
variable speed isperfectformatching .
, cutters toalldifferent materials toassure
" . tre finestfnishAnd each Router is
, 'availablewith avariety of attachments
,,. to'giveyou
total versatility ?rid control.
.
.

"."".
-.

"

'1"

.:.

.:

"'; "tI

9~'
~.:;

.! ....

:'

"

'

..

. , .The EluSystem. Atradition otpairstakirg craftsmanship and modern technology corroined tocreate
. the benchmark forwoodworking accuracy.
_ '.
. . ..
.,
.
Every toolwe build has bal.l and roller bearing motors, heavy-duty housings and the latest power,
transmission systems. Plus irmovativeaccessories.that allow you to meet .even the most grueling shop
standards. With flawless performance every time. Raisirig woodworking toawhole new level of penecton.
' , Elu~ Fro m Black & Decker"
.
. .

,<' ... ...

"~