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ME2308 Metrology and Measurements Lab Manual
ME2308 Metrology and Measurements Lab Manual
ME2308 Metrology and Measurements Lab Manual
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EINSTEIN
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Sir.C.V.Raman Nagar, Tirunelveli-12
Name
Reg No
Branch
www.vidyarthiplus.com
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Component-I
Main scale
reading(mm)
Vernier scale
coincide
Measured
Dimension
(mm)
Average(mm)
Measured
Dimension
(mm)
Average(mm)
Inner diameter
Outer diameter
Thickness
Depth
Total length
Component-II
Main scale
reading(mm)
Vernier scale
coincide
Major diameter
Mediumdiameter
Minor diameter
Major dia length
Total length
MODEL CALCULATION:
Main scale reading
mm
Measured dimension
=MSR+(VSCXLC)
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STANDARDS OF MEASUREMENT:
4. Briefly discuss on the applications of measuring instruments.
RESULT:
The measured dimensions are given as below
Component-I
ComponentII
Inner dia(mm)
Major
dia(mm)
Outer dia(mm)
Medium
dia(mm)
Minor
dia(mm)
Thickness(mm)
Major dia
length(mm)
Length(mm)
Total
length(mm)
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Outside micrometer.
Cylindrical component.
Digital micrometer.
PROCEDURE:
1. The micrometer is checked for zero error.
2. The given component is held between the faces of the anvil and spindle.
3. The spindle is moved by rotating the thimble until the anvil and spindle touches
the cylindrical surface of the component.
4. Fine adjustment is made by ratchet .the main scale reading and thimble scale
reading are noted.
5. Two are more reading are taken at different places of the component.
6. The readings are tabulated and calculated.
TABULATION:
Sl.
No
Main scale
reading(MSR)
mm
Vernier scale
division
Total reading
(M.S.R+V.S.R) in
mm
(VSD)
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RESULT:
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PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The slip gauges are built up to the given weight of the component.
Dial gauge with stand is placed on the surface plate.
The built up gauge is placed under the plunger.
The indicator is set to zero.
The built up gauge is removed.
The given machined component is placed under the plunger.
The variation in the height of the component is noted from the reading of the dial.
TABULATION:
Sl.
No
Variation of height
In mm
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RESULT:
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PROCEDURE:
1. The slip gauges are cleaned by using cloth
2. The thickness of the given MS plate is determined to the nearest 0.1mm size by
using micrometer.
3. The slip gauges are selected to built up required dimension.
4. Required combination of slip gauges is built up by wringing.
5. The built up gauges is wrung with the wringing faces of the measuring jaws.
6. The jaws and the built up gauges are held in the holder.
7. The given MS plate is placed between the flat surfaces of the measuring jaws and
the thickness of the plate is measured.
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ANGULAR MEASUREMENT:
19. Discuss in detail the sine bar, optical bevel protractor and angle dekkor used for
measuring angles.
20. How is taper measurement done? Give a suitable example.
RESULT:
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m-module
PROCEDURE:
1. Find the zero error in the horizontal scale and vertical scale of the given gear tooth
vernier.
2. Find outer diameter of the given gear by using vernier caliper.
3. Count the no of tooth on the given gear.
4. Calculate the depth of pitch circle from the top circle.
5. Calculate the module (m) of the gear.
6. Similarly calculate the theoretical width by substituting and no of gear tooth in the
formula.
7. The vertical gear tooth vernier is made of point the calculate the depth value.
8. Now the gear tooth, i.e. kept in between in the two jaws of the gear tooth vernier.
9. Observe the main scale reading and vernier scale coincidence of the horizontal scale.
10. Repeat the observation of different position of the same tooth and calculate the average.
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SL.No
Gear tooth
=0.02mm
MSR(mm)
VSC
Actual
Average(mm)
reading(mm)
1
2
3
1
2
II
3
1
2
III
MODEL CALCULATION:
Module = outer dia/(Z+2)
Depth = (Zm/2)(1+2/Z-COS(90/Z))
Width = Zm x sin (90/Z)
Deviation =theoretical value-actual value
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GEAR MEASUREMENT:
24. List the various terminologies of gears and explain them with diagram.
25. List and explain various gear errors.
RESULT:
Thus the thickness of the gear tooth of the given spur gear is calculated using gear tooth
vernier.
Depth of the gear tooth =
mm
mm
Theoretical value
mm
Actual value
mm
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4. micrometer
5. surface plate
6.Vernier caliper
FORMULA:
Sin = h / L
Where,
H - Height of the slip gauge
L - Distance between the centers
- Inclined angle of the specimen
PROCEDURE:
TABULATION:
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Sl.No
Height
bar (L) mm
(h)mm
Taper angle ( )
CALCULATION:
Sin = h / L
GEAR MEASUREMENT:
26. How is pitch, backlash measured in gears?
27. How is gear profile measured using an involute measuring machine?
28. How is tooth thickness of gears measured by
(a) Constant chord method (b) Base tangent method
SURFACE FINISH MEASUREMENT:
29. Explain the following direct methods of Surface finish measurement;
(a) Stylus probe instruments (b) Profilometer
STRAIGHTNESS, FLATNESS AND ROUGHNESS MEASUREMENT:
30. How is flatness tested using interferometry?
RESULT:
Thus the taper angle of the given specimen is measured using sine bar.
The external taper angle is ________________________
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PROCEDURE:
1. Switch on the main.
2. Switch on the micros scope lights.
3. Select the capacity of the lens for precision operation.
4. Place the object on the class table to get the clear image rotate the wheel provided at
the light side.
5. After getting the clear image, locate the crosswire at the initial point on the image.
Now note down the micrometer reading.
6. Move the cross wire from initial point to the finial point on the image, which is to be
measured. Note down the micrometer reading, this operation is done by using
micrometer.
7. Now the different but when the initial and the finial reading i.e. distance traveled
gives the size of the object.
8. Graph can be plotted actual micrometer reading vs. % of error.
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Sl.
No
Actual micrometer
reading in mm (A)
Error
Initial(B)
(A-D)
mm
Final (c)
mm
Difference
b/w B& C (D)
% error
In mm
Sl.No
Final angle in
Difference b/w
degree (B)
(A&B)
Average
CALCULATION:
% error = (error/actual micrometer reading) x100
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RESULT:
Thus the all dimensions of the given particular screw were measured by using tool
makers microscope.
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Collimator Unit
Base
Plain Reflector
Optical Source
APPLICATION:
Measurement in glass shop, checking the straightness and flatness, checking square and
V-block, checking deflection of the structure under the load measuring tapes, checking the angle
of small castings.
SPECIFICATION:
Objective focal length
=300mm
=25mm
Barrel diameter
=38mm
Barrel length
=200mm
Eyepiece magnification
=10*
Measuring range
=25 minutes
Read out
Dimensions of base
Flatness of base
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PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Switch on the light and observe the measuring gratitude through eyepiece.
The smallest division of liner scale is 1 minute.
Bring the plain reflector in front of autocollimator to get a reflected.
Depending upon variation in surface position of target will change on measuring scale.
There upon the position of intersection point of cross bar line will measuring gratitude is
the deviation in minute.
6. Using micrometer provided for eyepiece we can measure the function upto 10 seconds.
TABULATION:
Sl.No
Autocollimator reading(mm)
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RESULT:
Thus the flatness test has been conducted on the given surface and graph was plotted.
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SL.No
Standard
dimension
FCM reading
FCM reading
for standard
piece (A)
thread(B)
Difference
Actual reading
(A-B)
SD(A-B)
FORCE:
41. Explain with a diagram a pendulum scale of multilever type.
42. Explain the method of measuring force using a strain gauge load cell.
43. Explain the method of measuring force using a hydraulic, pneumatic load cell.
TORQUE:
44. Explain the measurement of torque by
(i) Optical torsion meter (ii) slotted discs (iii) rotating shafts.
POWER:
45. Explain the measurement of power by
(i) Prony brake (ii) fluid friction dynamometers (iii) Eddy current dynamometer
RESULT:
Thus the major diameter of the screw thread is measured by using floating carriage
micrometer.
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PROFILE PROJECTOR
Date:
Exp No
AIM:
To calibrate the profile projector using given samples which dimensions is measured by
micrometer as standard.
CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS:
Profile projections are highly sophisticated and versatile designed as per international standards.
This comprehensive range covers all conceivable application its ideal for the rapid inspection and
measurement (linear and angular) of small to medium size components such as watch parts, tools, rubber
components, miniature electronic assemblies and so on.
Its best quality high resolution optics provides accurate, bright, clear and sharp images. The
special front and back surface mirror are highly polished and lobbied distortion and reproduction. Three
element condenser system and high intensity halogen lamps provides brilliant images even in day light
condition commitment to quality insure that offer the highest level of precision, quality, reliability and
performance.
Two types profile projectors are,
PROJECTION CAPACITY:
Projection lens
10:1
32mm
23mm
20:1
12.5mm
38mm
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TABULATION:
To find out % of error
Actual
micrometer
reading(mm)
Final (C)
mm
Difference
(D) mm
Error(A-D)
% of error
(mm)
Initial angle
degree
Final angle
degree
difference
degree
Average
degree
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TEMPERATURE:
48. What are RTDs? On what basic principle do the work? Explain with diagram one of the
RTDs.
49. Explain the construction and working of helix and spiral bimetallic thermometer.
50. Explain how a thermocouple is used to measure temperature? And explain three laws of
thermocouples.
RESULT:
Thus the dimension of given samples are measured by using profile projector.
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Bridge excitation : 12 V DC
Bridge configuration : full bridge
Maximum load: 1kg
Power: 230V 10 % at 50Hz with perfect grounding.
CANTILEVER BEAM SPECIFICATION:
Material: stainless steel
Beam thickness: 0.25cm
Beam width: 2.8cm
Beam length (actual) : 22cm
Youngs modulus (E) : 2x106 kg/cm2
Strain gauge
: foil type
: 5mm
: 2.01
PHYSICAL DIMENSION:
Overall beam length (x): 300mm
Actual length (l): 220.0mm (middle of the strain gauge grid to loading point )
Width of the Beam (b) : 28.0mm
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TABULAR COLUMN
Sl.No
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RESULT:
Thus the strain measurement trainer was trained & % of strain was calculated.
% of strain value for 1 kg =
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Display range: 3 digital LED display of 200mv FSD to read upto 1999 counts.
Accuracy: 0.5% of FSD
Resolution: 0.01 kg-m
Bridge excitation: 10VDC
Calibration: Directly loading sensor at 1m arm length.
SENSOR SPECIFICATION
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Sl.
ACTUAL TORQUE(A)
Indicator reading(B)
Error
No
kg-m.
kg-m
(A-B) kg-m
% error
CONNECTION DETAILS
Power: 3 pin mains cable is provide with the instrument connect the three pin socket to
the instrument at the rear panel and to the AC mains 230V supply.
Sensor: 5 pin connected is provided at the rear panel marked sensor. Connect one end of
the cable provided at the rear panel marked and other end to the instrument.
PROCEDURE:
8. Check connection made and switch ON the instrument by rocker switch at the front
panel. The display glows to indicate the instrument is ON.
9. Allow the instrument is in ON position for 10 minutes for initial warm up.
10. Adjust the potentiometer in the front panel till the display reads 00.0.
11. Apply load to the fulcrum arm by adding dead weights in steps of 100gms.
12. The instrument reads the load on the sensor and display through LED. Readings can
be tabulated.
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GRAPH:
Actual reading Vs Indicator reading
RESULT:
Thus the electronic instrumentation trainer was trained successfully and the
corresponding graphs were plotted.
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: 35-45
: 28-30
Capacitance p+
: 1000
Frequency range, HZ
: 10-3000
Shock max
: 1000
: 60
Vibration meter
Input impedance
: 6000 M OHMS
: 800pc
Frequency range
: 10Hz-1Hz
Acceleration
Velocity
: 0.1-19.9 cm/s
Displacement
: 0.01-1.99 mm
Display
Power supply
: 230 volts, 50 H
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Speed
Sl.No
Acceleration m/s
rpm
Velocity cm/s
Displacement
mm
CONNECTION DETAILS:
Power: 3 pin mains cable provided with the instrument connect the 3 pin socket to the
instrument at the real panel and to the Ac mains 230v supply.
Sensor: battery terminals are provided at the front panel to connect the sensor.
OPERATING PROCEDURE:
1. Check connections and switch ON the instrument by socket switch of the front
panel. The displays close to indicate the instrument is ON.
2. Allow the instrument in ON position for 10 minutes for initial worm up.
3. Select the parameter line acceleration or velocity or displacement to be measured.
4. Apply dynamic force on the sensor the display will shows the diameter.
5. By mounting the sensor on any vibrating body the acceleration, velocity and
displacement of the vibrating body can be measured.
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RESULT:
Thus the vibration of a rotating shaft in terms of acceleration, velocity and displacement
of different speed are found out successfully and the corresponding graphs are plotted.m
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