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b. Franz Unger
Unger was one of the major contributors to the field of paleontology, later
turning to plant physiology and phytotomy. He hypothesized that (then unknown)
combinations of simple elements inside a plant cell determine plant heredity and
greatly influenced the experiments of his student Gregor Johann Mendel. Unger was
a pioneer in documenting the relationships between soil and plants (1836).
c. Hans and Zaccharias
They invented the first microscope in 1590.
d. Leewenhoek
Antonis discoveries are important because they began the study of bacteria and let
us know that there are many more things to consider than just what the eye can see.
Because of his research we were better able to fight against sickness caused by
bacteria because we knew, at least more than before, what we were fighting against. He
was the first person to view a living microorganism and describe it. He discovered
infusoria (protists), bacteria, vacuole of the cell and spermatozoa.
e. Pier Antonio Micheli
His Nova plantarum genera (1729) was a major step in the knowledge of fungi. In
this work, he gave descriptions of 1900 plants, of which about 1400 were described for
the first time. Among these were 900 fungi and lichens, accompanied by 73 plates. He
included information on "the planting, origin and growth of fungi, mucors, and allied
plants", and was the first to point out that fungi have reproductive bodies or
spores.[3] His work was met with skepticism by other botanists of the time.
He discovered the spores of mushrooms, was a leading authority on cryptogams,
and coined several important genera of microfungi including Aspergillus and Botrytis.
f. Tillet
Mathieu Tillet was a French botanist, agronomist, metallurgist and administrator He
Proved that Bunt of wheat is contagious or infectious and can be controlled by seed
treatment.
g. Targioni - Tozzetti
Adolfo Targioni Tozzetti was an Italian entomologist who specialised
in Sternorrhyncha. He was Professor of Botany and Zoology in Florence, associated
with Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze where his collection remains today at La
Specola. He was especially interested in pest species, mainly mealybugs, scale
insects and other pests that attack citrus and peaches. He described many
new taxa.(Taxonomy)
h. Fontana
Felice Fontana was an Italian physicist who discovered the water gas shift
reaction in 1780. He is also credited with launching modern toxicology and
investigating the human eye.
i.
Prevost
Jean-Louis Prevost was a physician and biologist Swiss. Who highlights the role of
the fertilizing sperm.
j.
Charles Tulasne was a French physician, mycologist and illustrator he worked with his
older brother Louis Ren Tulasne (18151885) in the field of mycology. In addition to
assisting his brother with the classification and study of fungi, Charles Tulasne
collaborated with Louis on numerous scientific publications. He is known for his
excellent illustrations, particularly in the three-volume Selecta Fungorum Carpologia.
Regarding the artistic quality of his work, Charles Tulasne is sometimes referred to as
"The Audubon of Fungi".
Louis Ren tienne Tulasne, a.k.a. Edmond Tulasne was a
French botanist andmycologist, Tulasne's specialized study was the science
of mycology. His microscopic investigation of fungi, particularly parasitic species,
contributed much to the understanding on the complexities of their nature and
development. He is credited with introducing the concept of "pleomorphy" in regard to
fungi. A number of mycological species, as well as the
genera Tulasneinia and Tulasnella (family Tulasnellaceae) are named after him. He is
credited with providing classification taxa for the following
genera: Crucibulum, Glomus, Sebacina, Terfezia, Tilletia and Hypomyces (the latter
genus with Elias Magnus Fries). He also produced some important works on flowering
plants. For example, in 1855, he published two papers on
the magnoliid familyMonimiaceae, in which he included what are now
the Lauralean families Siparunaceae and Atherospermataceae.
Julius Kuhn
Julius Gotthelf Khn was a German academic and agronomist and he is one of the
founders of Plant Pathology. He was trained in Bonn, starting at age 30 and was
awarded his doctorate, which focused on diseases of beet and canola at Leipzig.
Kuhn published more than 70 papers on mycology and plant pathology over the
course of his career.
m. Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his
discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial
fermentation and pasteurization. He is remembered for his remarkable
breakthroughs in the causes and preventions of diseases, and his discoveries have
saved countless lives ever since.
n. Burril
Thomas Jonathan Burrill was an American botanist and plant pathologist who first
discoveredbacterial causes for plant disease. He introduced Erwinia
amylovora (called by him Micrococcus amylovorus) as the causal agent of pear fire
blight.
o. E. F smith
Erwin Frink Smith was an American plant pathologist with the United States
Department of Agriculture. He played a major role in demonstrating
that bacteria could cause plant disease.
p. Ivanowski
Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovsky was a Russian botanist, the first man to
discover viruses (1892) and thus one of the founders of virology.
q. Stanley
Wendell Meredith Stanley was an American biochemist, virologist and Nobel laureate. His
researches on the virus causing the mosaic disease in tobacco plants led to the isolation of
a nucleoprotein which displayed tobacco mosaic virus activity.
r. Bawden
Sir Frederick Charles Bawden was a British plant pathologist, of a pioneer in the
field of plant viruses was. With Norman Pirie he isolated the tobacco mosaic
virus (TMV).
s. Gierer and schramm
(1956) Alfred Gierer and Gerhard Schramm isolated RNA from tobacco mosaic virus
(TMV - infects plant cells), When this purified RNA was applied to plant tissue, the
plants developed the same types of lesions that occurred when they were exposed
to intact TMVs. Gierer and Schramm correctly concluded that the viral genome of
TMV is composed of RNA.
t. Needham
John Turberville Needham was an English biologist and Roman Catholic priest.
He was first exposed to natural philosophy while in seminary school and later
published a paper which, while the subject was mostly about geology, described the
mechanics of pollen and won recognition in the botany community.
u. Berkeley
George Berkeley was an Anglo-Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the
advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as "subjective idealism" by
others). This theory denies the existence of material substance and instead contends that
familiar objects like tables and chairs are only ideas in the minds of perceivers, and as a result
cannot exist without being perceived. Berkeley is also known for his critique of abstraction, an
important premise in his argument for immaterialism.
v. Cobb
Nathan Augustus Cobb (30 June 1859, Spencer, Massachusetts 4 June 1932, Baltimore,
Maryland) is known as "the father ofnematology in the United States".
He provided the foundations for nematode taxonomy and described over 1000 different
nematode species. An individual with a variety of skills, he made significant contributions to a
number of scientific disciplines and the USDA Nematology Lab, originally established with
him as the director, continues today.
w. Stahel