Prelims 2016 - International Groups

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International Groups
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Contents
ASEAN .............................................................................................................................................. 1
APEC ................................................................................................................................................ 2
BBIN ................................................................................................................................................. 3
BCIM ................................................................................................................................................ 3
BIMSTEC ......................................................................................................................................... 3
BRICS ............................................................................................................................................... 4
Commonwealth of Nations ............................................................................................................. 4
East Asia Summit............................................................................................................................. 4
Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) ................................................................................................... 5
G4 ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
G7...................................................................................................................................................... 6
G20 ................................................................................................................................................... 6
India-Africa Forum.......................................................................................................................... 7
IBSA .................................................................................................................................................. 7
IORA ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Mekong-Ganga Cooperation ........................................................................................................... 8
OPEC ................................................................................................................................................8
OECD ................................................................................................................................................ 9
RCEP ................................................................................................................................................ 9
SAARC ............................................................................................................................................ 10
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation ............................................................................................. 11
Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) ....................................................................................................11
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) ........................................................... 12
ASEAN
ASEAN stands for Association of South East Asian Nations

It is a political and economic organisation of 10 SE Asian nations
Formed in 1967
Founding members were Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand i.e. all 10 current
members were not founding members
Current members are:
a. Indonesia
b. Malaysia
c. Philippines
d. Singapore
e. Thailand
f. Brunei
g. Cambodia
h. Laos
i. Myanmar (Burma)
j. Vietnam
Aims:
o Accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members,
o Protection of regional stability
o Providing a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully
The ASEAN Way: Doctrine that the member countries will largely mind their own business when it comes to
internal matters of member countries
ASEAN Plus Three: Was created to improve existing ties with the China, Japan and South Korea.
If the ASEAN nations were a single country, their combined economy would rank the 7th largest in the world
HQ : Jakarta, Indonesia
India
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2016 IAS4Sure | All Rights Reserved | Last Updated: 20 June 2016

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o Has and FTA

TA with ASEAN (operational since 2010)
o Shares border both land/marine
o Large number of Indian origin people living in these countries
Map:
Latest Summit:
Kuala Lampur (Malaysia), Nov 2015
APEC
Pacific Economic Cooperation

APEC stands for Asia-Pacific
It is a regional economic forum of 21 Pacific Rim member economies
Established in 1989
APECs 21 members aim to promote free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific
Asia
region
APEC account for about half the worlds trade and almost 60 per cent of global GDP
Why was it established?
Asia Pacific economies and the advent of regional trade
In response to the growing interdependence of Asia-Pacific
blocs in other parts of the world;
To fears that highly industrialized Japan (a member of G8) would comee to dominate economic activity in
the Asia-Pacific region; and
To establish new markets for agricultural products and raw materials beyond Europe
India is not a member. India has applied but membership was denied because it does not border Pacific Ocean
India is an observer member in APEC
HQ: Singapore
Map :
Latest Summit:
Pasay, Metro Manila (Philippines),, Nov 2015

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BBIN
BBIN stands for Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Nepal

regional architecture of these
4 countries
th
It is a sub-regional
Aims to formulate, implement and review quadrilateral agreements across areas such as water resources
management, connectivity of power, transport, and infrastructure
BCIM
China-India-Myanmar
BCIM stands for Bangladesh-China
It is a sub-regional organisation
It aims at greater integration of trade and investment between the four countries
BCIM economic corridor is an initiative conceptualised for significant gains through sub
sub-regional economic
cooperation within the BCIM.
The multi-modal
modal corridor will be the first expressway between India and China and will pass through Myanmar
and Bangladesh
Kunming Initiative
BCIM evolved from Kunming
Initiative (A platform in 1990s)
BIMSTEC
Multi Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation

BIMSTEC stands for Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral
It is an international organisation involving a group of countries in South Asia and South East Asia.
7 members :
o Bangladesh
o India
o Myanmar
o Sri Lanka
o Thailand
o Bhutan
o Nepal
Established in 1997 in Bangkok
Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand were founding members
HQ : Dhaka, Bangladesh
The main objective of BIMSTEC is technological and economic cooperation among south Asian and south east
Asian countries along the coast of the bay
bay of Bengal . Commerce, investment, technology, tourism, human
resource development, agriculture, fisheries, transport and communication, textiles, leather etc. have been
included in it
BIMSTEC uses the alphabetical order for the Chairmanship
ever been chairman (Skipped itself)
Bhutan has never
Current chairmanship : Nepal
Map:
Latest Summit:

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_______________________________________________________________
Taw Myanmar in March 2014.

Third Summit was held in Nay Pyi Taw,
BRICS
BRICS is an acronym for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South

So
Africa
Originally it was BRIC (S. Africa included in 2010). Term coined in 2001
Members are :
o Major emerging national economies
o Developing or newly industrialised nations
o G 20 members
First formal summit was held in 2009 in Russia
Formed in 2011
ourages commercial, political and cultural cooperation between the BRICS nations
It encourages
New Development Bank is an outcome of this platform
Except India, all other members GDP is slowing down bringing average GDP growth of the BRICS to near zero
ive BRICS countries represent over 3 billion people, or 42% of the world population
As of 2015, the five
Map
Latest Summit:
Russia, July 2015
India is going to host the BRICS conference in Goa in October 2016
Commonwealth of Nations
Formerly called the British Commonwealth

It is an intergovernmental organisation of 53 member states that were mostly territories of the
former British Empire
HQ : London
Mozambique and Rwanda are also its members, who were never colonies of Britain
This was set up after the second world war (in 1949) by Britain, to maintain close economic ties with its
erstwhile colonies that were now rapidly becoming independent
It is not a trade block. It aims to promote democracy, human rights, world peace etc.
wealth countries in theory do not consider each other foreign, and hence send High Commissioners
Commonwealth
and not Ambassadors
Several countries (such as Britain, Caribbean islands) grant the right to vote to any commonwealth country
citizen residing in their territory to vote in their elections
commonwealth countries, commonwealth countries can seek assistance at the British embassy, in case
In non-commonwealth
their own country does not have consular services in that country
On occasion, the commonwealth has suspended members
members for not maintaining democratic governments (such as
Nigeria from 1995-1999).
1999). Recently, there have been lots of protests demanding that Sri Lanka be dropped, given
the war crimes inflicted on Tamils during the civil war
East Asia Summit
It is a forum of East Asian, South East Asian and South Asian nations.
18 members :
o 10 ASEAN nations
o China, Japan and South Korea (ASEAN + 3)
o Australia
o New Zealand

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
o India
o Russia
o USA
Started in 2005 from Kuala Lumpur
fter annual ASEAN leaders meetings. It is an ASEAN led initiative.
EAS meetings are held after
Map :
Latest Summit:
Kuala Lampur (Malaysia), Nov 2015
Eurasian Economic Union (EEU)
It is an economic union of states located in Northern Eurasia

Eura
Established in 2015
HQ : Moscow
5 members :
o Armenia
o Belarus
o Kazakhstan
o Kyrgyzstan
o Russia
The EEU introduces the free movement of goods, capital, services and people and provides for common
transport, agriculture and energy policies
olve with provisions for a single currency and greater integration
In future, it can evolve
Map:
G4
Members : India, Brazil, Germany and Japan

All members support each otherss bids for permanent seats on the United Nations Security Counci
Council
2004

_______________________________________________________________
Each of these four countries have figured among the elected non-permanent members of the council since the
UN's establishment.
Their economic and political influence has grown significantly in the last decades, reaching a scope comparable
to the permanent members (P5)
G4 campaigns for U.N. Reforms, including more representation for developing countries, both in the
permanent and non-permanent categories, in the UNSC
France supports inclusion of G4 and an African representative as permanent member with no objection to the
veto power being extended to new permanent members. UK supports G4 as new members but without veto
power.
G7
The Group of 7 (G7) is a group consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and
the United States.
The European Union is also represented within the G7.
These countries are the seven major advanced economies as reported by the International Monetary Fund.
G7 countries represent more than 64% of the net global wealth
Common denominator among members is the economy and long-term political motives
Latest Summit:
Kashiko Island (Japan), May 2016
G20
It is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies.
Founded in 1999
Its aim was to review policy decisions to enhance international financial stability
First Head of State Summit was held in 2008 (Due to Economic Crisis)
20 Members ( EU + 19 Countries) :
o Argentina,
o Australia,
o Brazil,
o Canada,
o China,
o France,
o Germany,
o India,
o Indonesia,
o Italy,
o Japan,
o South Korea,
o Mexico,
o Russia,
o Saudi Arabia,
o South Africa,
o Turkey,
o United Kingdom and
o United States
G20 economies account for around 85% of the gross world product (GWP), 80% of world trade (or, if excluding
EU intra-trade, 75%), and two-thirds of the world population
G20 replaced G8 as the main economic council of wealthy nations
Map: (Blue : members, Pink : Guests)

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_______________________________________________________________
Latest Summit:
Antalya, Turkey, Nov 2015
In 2016, will be held in Hangzhou, China
India-Africa Forum
India Africa Summit
Africa Forum Summit (IAFS) is the official platform for the African--Indian relations.
The IndiaAfrica
Started in 2008
Intergovernmental attempt to give direction and thrust to bilateral synergy
Summits: 2008 (New Delhi); 2011 (Addis Adaba) ; 2015 (New Delhi)
Summit 2015
Delhi Declaration
Cairo to cape town, Marrakesh to Mombassa"
Mombassa
Infrastructure building - "Cairo
year (in addition to 4.7 billion that India had already pledged
Credit at concessional rates of $10 billion over 5 years
since 2008)
(India
dev fund , India-Africa Health fund)
rant assistance of $600 million (India-Africa
Grant
IBSA
South Africa
IBSA stands for India-Brazil-South
South-South cooperation
All Developing Democracies
The forum provides the three countries with a platform to engage in discussions for cooperation in the field of
agriculture, trade, culture, and defence among others.
adopti of the Brasilia
Declaration in 2003
IBSA was formalised and launched through the adoption
Brasilia Declaration
Brasilia Declaration (2003) : Approved urgent need for reforms in the United Nations, especially
the Security Council.
IORA
IORA stands for Indian Ocean Rim Association

It consists of coastal states bordering the Indian Ocean
The IORA is a regional forum which bring together representatives of Government, Business and Academia, for
promoting co-operation
operation and closer interaction among them
21 member states : South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania,
Tanzania, Kenya, Madagascar, Comoros, Mauritius,
Seychelles, Iran, Oman, UAE, Yemen, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand,
Australia and Somalia.
Maldives, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Myanmar are not members
Secretariat of IORA is located at Ebene, Mauritius.
The organisation was first established as Indian Ocean Rim Initiative in Mauritius on March 1995 and formally
launched in 1997 by the conclusion of a multilateral treaty known as the Charter of the Indian Ocean Rim
Association for Regional Co-operation
operation
Map: (Somalia is not shown in this. Add that)

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Mekong
Mekong-Ganga
Cooperation
Established in 2000
It comprises six member :
o India,
o Thailand,
o Myanmar,
o Cambodia,
o Laos and
o Vietnam
They emphasised
sised four areas of cooperation:
o tourism,
o culture,
o education, and
o transportation
The organization takes its name from the Ganga and the Mekong,, two large rivers in the region
Map:
OPEC
OPEC stands for Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

Founded in 1960 in Bagdad
HQ : Vienna
13 members
o Algeria,
o Angola,
o Ecuador,
o Indonesia,
o Iran,
o Iraq,
o Kuwait,
o Libya,
o Nigeria,

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
o Qatar,
o Saudi Arabia (the de facto leader),
o United Arab Emirates, and
o Venezuela.
Gabon left OPEC
It operates on the principle of unanimity, and one member, one vote
OPEC sets production targets for its member nations and generally, when OPEC production targets are reduced,
oil prices increase
per
of global oil production and 73 percent of the world's
As of 2015, the 13 countries accounted for 43 percent
"proven" oil reserves,, giving OPEC a major influence on global oil prices.
OPEC decisions have come to play a prominent role in the global oil market and international relations
Map :
OECD
Co
and Development
OECD stands for Organisation for Economic Co-operation
It is an international economic organisation
Established in 1961
Secretariat : Paris
Members : 34
Aims to stimulate economic progress and world trade
ts members are committed to Democracy and Market Economy
Its
income economies with a very high Human Development Index (HDI) and are
Most OECD members are high-income
regarded as developed countries
India is not a member of OECD
Map: (Dark Blue : Founding members)
RCEP
RCEP stands for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

It is a proposed free trade agreement between countries of ASEAN(10 countries) and 6 other countries with
which ASEAN has existing FTAs (including India).
In
10 ASEAN nations are :
a. Brunei,
b. Burma (Myanmar),
c. Cambodia,
d. Indonesia,
e. Laos,

_______________________________________________________________
f. Malaysia,
g. Philippines,
h. Singapore,
i. Thailand,
j. Vietnam
6 Other Nations are :
a. Australia,
b. China,
c. India,
d. Japan,
e. South Korea and
f. New Zealand
RCEP negotiations were formally launched in November 2012 at the ASEAN Summit in Cambodia
RCEP is viewed as an alternative to the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement, which includes the United
States but excludes China
RCEP potentially includes more than 3 billion people or 45% of the worlds population, and a combined GDP of
about $21.3 trillion, accounting for about 40 percent of world trade
The combined GDP of potential of RCEP members surpassed the combined GDP of Trans-Pacific
Partnership (TPP) members in 2007.
Map:
SAARC
SAARC stands for South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

It is regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union in South Asia.
Founded in Dhaka in 1985
Secretariat : Kathmandu
8 Members:
o Afghanistan
o Bhutan
o Bangladesh
o India
o Pakistan
o Nepal
o Sri Lanka
o Maldives
Myanmar and China are not its members
SAARC compromises 3% of the world's area, 21% of the world's population and 9.12% of the global economy, as
of 2015
The organization promotes development economics and regional integration
SAFTA : South Asia Free Trade Agreement was launched in 2006
Map: (Dark : members; Light : Observer status)
10

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_______________________________________________________________
Latest Summit:
Kathmandu, Nepal in 2014
2016 Summit to be held in Pakistan
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

Organis
It is a Eurasian political, economic, and military organisation

Founded in 2001 in Shanghai
6 members:
o China,
o Kazakhstan,
o Kyrgyzstan,
o Russia,
o Tajikistan, and
o Uzbekistan
SCO evolved from Shanghai Five (All above minus
Uzbekistan)
mi
On July 10, 2015, the SCO decided to admit India and Pakistan as full members, and they are expected to join
by 2016
Main activities: cooperation on security, military activities, and economic and cultural cooperation
ich in energy resources (both fossil fuels and uranium)
Member countries are rich
HQ : Beijing, China
Map:
Latest Summit:
Ufa (Russia), July 2015
Uzbekistan, June 2016
Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP)
TPP is a Trade Agreement among 12 Pacific Rim countries

It was signed on 4 February 2016 in Auckland, New Zealand
It has not entered into force
Goals:
11

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_______________________________________________________________
o promote economic growth;

o support the creation and retention of jobs;
o enhance innovation, productivity and competitiveness;
o raise living standards;
o reduce poverty in our countries;
o promote transparency, good governance,
o enhanced labor and environmental protections
12 Signatories:
o USA,
o Canada,
o Mexico,
o Chile,
o Peru,
o Japan,
o Australia,
o New Zealand,
o Malaysia,
o Brunei,
o Singapore,
o Vietnam
The agreement
reement covers 40% of the worlds economy
India is not a part of this.
Map: (Orange : members; Blue : Potential members)
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)
It is a proposed trade agreement between the European Union and the United States
Aims to promote trade and multilateral economic growth
Its main three broad areas are:
o market access;
o specific regulation; and
o broader rules and principles and modes of co-operation
co
It is under negotiation
Map:
12

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Published by: www.ias4sure.com

International Organisations : Groups

ASEAN stands for Association of South East Asian Nations

International Organisations : Groups

o Has and FTA

Pacific Economic Cooperation

International Organisations : Groups

BBIN stands for Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Nepal

Multi Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation

International Organisations : Groups

Taw Myanmar in March 2014.

BRICS is an acronym for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South

Formerly called the British Commonwealth

East Asia Summit

International Organisations : Groups

Eurasian Economic Union (EEU)

It is an economic union of states located in Northern Eurasia

Members : India, Brazil, Germany and Japan

International Organisations : Groups

International Organisations : Groups

IORA stands for Indian Ocean Rim Association

International Organisations : Groups

OPEC stands for Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

International Organisations : Groups

RCEP stands for Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

International Organisations : Groups

SAARC stands for South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

International Organisations : Groups

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

It is a Eurasian political, economic, and military organisation

Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP)

TPP is a Trade Agreement among 12 Pacific Rim countries

International Organisations : Groups

o promote economic growth;

Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)

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