PAKISTANS ACHIEVEMENTS IN ENVIRONMENT SECTOR

Montreal Protocol Project (Ozone Cell)

World Bank, thereby completing the
implementation of all 21 CFC-based
projects.

Montreal Protocol on the Substances that

Deplete the Ozone Layer was signed at
Montreal, Canada, in 1987. Pakistan
signed and ratified the Protocol in 1992.
The Ozone Cell was established under
the Ministry of Environment in 1996 to
oversee and ensure implementation of the
Protocol. Pakistan is not an Ozone
Depleting Substances (ODS) producing
country but to meet its domestic needs
imports a few substances (i.e.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), Carbon
Tetrachloride
(CTC),
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), Halon gas,
Methyl Bromide etc.). The main
objectives of the Project are to:-

ii.
Converted 03 CTC-based projects
into Ozone friendly technology in the
metal cleaning and solvent sector through
UNIDO,
thus
completing
the
implementation
of
33
projects.
Remaining 03 projects are at advance
stage of implementation.
iii.
Trained 150 Customs officials
through the Directorate General of
Training and Research (Customs) to
enhance their capacity to curb illegal
trade of ODS. This completed the process
of training of a total number of 350
Customs
officials.
Besides,
300
refrigeration servicing technicians were
also trained through three renowned
institutions namely National Institute of
Scientific and Technical Education
(NISTE) Islamabad, Technical and
Vocational Training Authority (TEVTA)
Lahore and Sindh Board of Technical
Education (SBTE) Karachi. By this the
training process of 3000 technicians all
over the country was completed. UNIDO
implemented these projects under
Refrigeration Management Plan (RMP).

(i)
Control import of ODS under the
provisions of Montreal Protocol.
(ii)
Assist the local industry for
phasing out the use of ODS through the
implanting agencies (UNDP, UNIDO,
UNEP and World Bank) with the
financial and technical support of the
Multilateral Fund Secretariat (MLFS).
Achievements:
(a)

Implementation of
Phase Out Projects:

the

ODS

i.
Converted 04 CFC-based projects
into Ozone friendly technology in foam
and refrigeration sector through the

iv.
Ozone Cell got approved by
UNEP the CFC-based Metered Dose
1

the maximum extent towards global

efforts in this regard.

Inhalers (MDI) for the conversion of

CFC-based Metered Dose Inhalers
(MDIs) Industry (Zafa Pharmaceutical
Laboratories and Glaxo-Smith-Kline,
Karachi) into Ozone Friendly technology.
The project will be implemented by the
UNEP and UNDP to cater to the need of
19.2 million people suffering from
Asthma and Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Diseases.

(ii)
The training of the Customs
officials enhanced their ability to curb
illegal trade of Ozone Depleting
Substances. They were able to seize two
consignments of CFC-12 weighing 540
kilograms which were being smuggled
from the Western border towards settled
area of the country. Moreover, the
Collectorate of Customs, Faisalabad
confiscated 63.9 Metric Tons of CFC-12
imported by an un-authorized importer.
Federal Board of Revenue (Revenue
Division) has been requested for the
auction
of
these
seized
CFC
consignments through eligible CFC
importers.

v.
Ozone Cell obtained approval of
UNEP for the project of Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
(HCFC) data
collection survey to identify the HCFCbased foam and refrigeration industry for
its conversion into ozone friendly
technology. UNEP will conduct the
survey. On the basis of survey, UNIDO
would prepare a document for the HCFC
accelerated phase out project and submit
to the Multilateral Fund Secretariat for
funding.
(b)

Enforcement
of
Regulatory Measures:

The project has so far phased out more

than 91% Ozone Depleting Substances
(CFC, CTC, Halon gas, Methyl Bromide
and Methyl Chloroform) and is
successfully heading towards the 100%
phase out target by 1st January, 2010. It is
pertinent to mention here that Pakistan
has been elected as Co-Chairman of the
Open Ended Working Group (OEWG) by
the 20th Meeting of the Parties held in
November-2008 at Doha, Qatar. The
OEWG is the second highest forum of
the Montreal Protocols executive bodies
after the Meeting of the Parties. This is
for the first time since signing the
Montreal Protocol that Pakistan has been
elected for this prestigious position.

Policy/

(i)
Ozone
Cell,
Ministry
of
Environment imposed ban on import of
CFC-based compressors in July, 2008
under the new Trade Policy 2008-09
although it was not obligatory under the
provisions of the Montreal Protocol on
the Substances that Deplete the Ozone
Layer. Pakistan is the only country in the
region which has taken this initiative
voluntarily with a view to contributing to

PAKISTANS PROGRESS AND ACHIEVEMENTS IN MULTILATERAL

ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS
As a party to various Conventions and
Protocols, Pakistan has been participating
in different Conference of Parties (CoPs),
Meeting of Parties (MoPs), international
consultative and technical meetings etc.

organized by the United Nations and

other international fora regarding
Multilateral Environmental Agreements
(MEAs). The need was being felt for a
central secretariat for creation of
2

scientific basis for decision-making, and

strengthened international partnerships.

institutional memory of such meetings

and development of Pakistans response
to various issues. To serve this purpose
the National MEAs Secretariat has been
established
in
the
International
Cooperation (IC) Wing of the Ministry of
Environment.

Pakistan has been actively participating

in and keeping liaison with institutional
elements of each of these MEAs i.e.,
Conference of the Parties (COP), the
Secretariat, advisory bodies, subsidiary
bodies, clearing-house mechanism etc.,
for ultimate decision-making regarding
the
overall
implementation
and
development of programme of work and
strategic plans, budget and the revision of
annexes.

Priorities and objectives of MEAs vary

significantly from one international
instrument to another while the common
aspects
include
the
sustainable
development focus of the three Rio
Conventions (CBD, UNCCD and
UNFCCC), the sustainable use of natural
resources and the environment, or the
protection of the environment in a way to
ensure its sustainable use. Based on
different stages of implementation of
these MEAs, the spectrum in priorities of
Pakistan has been quite broad. Pakistan is
attaching
greater
emphasis
on
crosscutting themes for many that are
primarily of a functional nature, such as
strengthening of the capacities to meet
her obligations or responsibilities under
these agreements, enhancing coordination
among implementing agencies, public
education and awareness, strengthening

National MEAs Secretariat of the

Ministry of Environment has promoted
and facilitated technical and scientific
cooperation and facilitated in the
exchange of scientific, technical,
environmental and legal information and
assisted in enhancing the implementation
of the MEAs. Besides, the monitoring
and evaluation of the implementation of
various MEAs, analyzing national reports
and syntheses of the current information
providing Pakistans stance in COPs or
MOPs has been the mainstay of National
MEAs Secretariat.

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN PAKISTAN

Sustainable tourism as elsewhere is
linked to attractions created by a rich and
varied environment such as vegetation,
wildlife, mountains and water resources.
The unique mountainous area in Northern
Pakistan comprises three spectacular
mountain ranges, the Karakoram, the
Hindukush and the Himalayas. These
ranges have more than 700 peaks above
6000 meters, with as many as 160 peaks
rising above 7000. Five out of the total
fourteen peaks rising above 8000 meters,

Present State of Sustainable Tourism

and Future Direction:
Sustainable tourism also called nature
tourism is a relatively recent
phenomenon in Pakistan. Nature tourism
is distinguished from mass tourism or
resort tourism by having a lower impact
on the environment and by requiring less
infrastructure development.

Sustainable tourism is an important

economic activity and source of living in
Northern Areas. Tourists in addition to
hiring a large number of local people as
guides and porters, generate income for
other logistics i.e. transport, food and
accommodation.
During
2007-08
Sustainable Tourism generated US$
0.064 million in royalty and trekking fee.

namely the second highest rock pyramid

the K-2, the killer mountain - Nanga
Parbat, the Hidden Peak - Gasherbrum-I,
the Broad Peak and the Gashebrum-II
are located in Northern Areas. They
attract fairly large number of nature
loving tourists for mountaineering,
trekking, hill-walking, bird-watching or
simply for relaxing.

Suitable Areas For Development of Sustainable Tourism in The Country

National Parks Tourism:
Khunjerab in northern Hunza, Gilgit
Agency, became the third national park
in 1975. This area has been successful in
providing protection for the Marco
Polos sheep, blue sheep, snow leopard,
snow cock, snow partridge and other
high mountain species.

In Pakistan there are 14 national parks,

99 wild life sanctuaries, 96 game
reserves etc. The first national park, Lal
Suhanra of Bahawalpur district was
formally declared in 1972. The park
consists of irrigated forest plantations
(20,974 acres), desert branch pond (4790
acres) and Cholistan Desert (51726
acres) for a total of 77, 780 acres. These
parks are established to protect existing
wildlife and vegetation; reintroduce
extirpated species; rehabilitate wildlife
habitat;
create
education/research,
tourists, and recreational facilities for
local and foreign tourists.

Mountain Tourism:
The natural assets, like mountains, make
these areas a paradise for sustainable
tourism. Every year in summer, a large
number of mountaineers, trekkers and
nature tourists visit these valleys. The
legendary Karakurom highway, which
passes through the Gilgit and Hunza
Valleys, also attracts a large number of
foreign and domestic sustainable tourists.
Domestic
tourism,
however,
is
concentrated in the Muree, Swat and
Kaghan Valleys. The number of tourists
seeking recreation and adventure in these
mountains is gradually increasing.

Kirthar National Park achieved its

protected status in 1973. Established in
the Dadu district of Sindh, this 466, 000
acre reserve provides protection for a
fine herd of ibex about 60 miles north of
Karachi. Other large game species such
as Indian gazelle and urial sheep have
increased their populations within the
park. A management plan has been
drawn up for the park with the assistance
of the World Conservation Union
(IUCN). However, fiscal restraints and
other priorities have largely precluded
full implementation of the plan.

The mountain environment has been

found to be very fragile and susceptible
to disruption, not only by foreign tourists
but also by local people engaged in
tourism related work. The number of
nature tourists, roughly 50,000 per year,
is not very large but they hire a large

number of local porters, helpers and

guides and in narrow valleys during the
same period they all put pressure on
natural resources.

water fowl, alone find sanctuary here

during the winter time. Other birds like
flamingoes, pelicans, purple gallinules,
pheasant and tailed jacanas are also
found there.

Mountaineering and Trekking:

Challenges Faced by Sustainable

Tourism in Pakistan:

Despite very rich in mountain resources,

mountaineering and trekking tourism in
Pakistan does not have a very long
history. In fact attention to its marketing
was given as late as in 1981, when a first
ever international Trekking Convention
was held in Rawalpindi. Nevertheless,
despite very low tourism quantum the
balance between the man and the nature
already stands disturbed on account of
rapid falling of trees, improper disposal
of garbage left by various expeditions
and the negative impact generated by the
local population at low altitudes.

Unfortunately, tourism in these areas has

been allowed to develop in an unplanned
manner. These areas have unchecked
growth of small hotels. The number of
rooms in these valleys has more than
tripled during the last ten years. Sadly,
most of these small hotels and lodges
have been built on the banks of streams
or on reclaimed land on slopes where
trees had to be cut down. In the absence
of proper land utilization plans, sewage
treatment system and studies on touristcarrying capacities, the growth of
tourism has brought negative impacts on
these places, and tourism is now
criticized as a major cause of
environment degradation.

Coastal Tourism:
The coastal areas of Pakistan include
some parts of Sindh and Balochistan
provinces. The beaches of Karachi i.e.
French beach, Clifton beach, etc., despite
being famous picnic spots and arena for
water sports including scuba diving and
gatching facilities, are also rich of natural
resources and inhabitants. On moonlit
nights during the months of September
and October, giant green turtles lumber
the shore to lay eggs in the sand. The
turtles are under the protection of Wild
Life Management Board. Others are jelly
fish, lobsters and prawns. Similarly, the
coastal areas of Balochistan province are
also full of ecological treasures; the areas
including Makran, Gwadar, Jiwani and
Pishin.

Government promotes all nature based

tourism which does put pressure or
deteriorate natural assets and their
quality. Ministry of Tourism supports
tourism
development
activities
surrounding
valleys,
lakes
and
mountains, PTDC motels particularly in
Khaplu, Satpara Lake, Phandar, Rama
Lake, Gupis, Mastuj, Booni, Ayubia,
Besham, Hunza, Sust etc. help in
promoting nature tourism.
Following Sustainable Tourism sites have
been identified.
(a)
Bar Valley, Chapursan Valley,
Passu, Shimshaal Valley in district
Kohistan, Kurmat valley in Upper Dir,
Kaghan Valley, Neelum Valley in Azad
Kashmir, Ziarat Valley in Balochistan,
Gorakh Hill Station in Sindh and Fort
Munro in Punjab.

Lakes Tourism:
The lakes of Pakistan are also great
sanctuaries for wild life i.e. birds
especially. The major sanctuaries lakes
are Haleji Lake, Manchar Lake, Keenjhar
Lake and Kalri Lake in Sindh Province.
Most of birds, including 75 species of
5

(b) Indus River, Blind Dolphin Marine

Turtles and Mangrove Forests.

Sustainable tourism among Pakistani

youth, an annual mountain area
conservation programme has been
launched in collaboration with Adventure
Foundation of Pakistan and other Non
Governmental Organizations.

(c) National Parks and Natural Reserves

of Pakistan.
To attract foreign and domestic tourists,
special package tours have been
developed in consultation with private
tour operators. To create awareness about

IMPLEMENTED ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION PROJECT IN THE

REPUBLIC OF TURKEY
Environmental Education Project (EEP)
is being implemented all over the
Republic of Turkey since 2002. Main
objective of the project is to inform
children about environmental issues and
their impact on human life. In order to
achieve this, many activities are being
planned and implemented. In 2009, as a
part of implementation of this Project, in
Ankara a performance art activity was
organized in which over 2000 students
from 20 schools participated. The name
of the play was Clever Squirrel which
was about the Forest Love and was
conducted between 23-27 March in
Sogutozu Turan Gunay Meeting Hall.

EEP activities start with the opening of

the schools in September and finish on
the World Environment Day (5thJune)
every year. As a part of this project,
activities like site visits to: recycling
plants, tree plantation, theatres, school
and presentations about different
environmental subjects are organized.
Also, a competition is arranged between
the schools around the Turkey called
The Best Environmentalist School in
Turkey. Schools are rewarded for their
activities during the project.

30TH SESSION OF THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE

CHANGE (21-23 APRIL 2009, ANTALYA-TURKEY)
Turkey very successfully hosted the 30th
Plenary Session of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) from 21
to 23 April 2009 in Antalya Miracle
Hotel.

IPCC publishes Assessment Reports

unfolding climate change in a scientific
manner in every 5/6 years. They are the
most comprehensive studies about the
climate change science produced
worldwide. The latest one, the Fourth
Assessment Report (AR4) was published
in 2007. In this report, the IPCC states
with a scientific certitude of more than
90% that the rise of global average
temperature results from human-induced
GHG emissions. This conclusion is based

IPCC was established to provide

scientific information on climate change
to decision makers and other relevant
authorities. The IPCC won the 2007
Nobel Peace Prize due to its efforts in
collecting, assessing and disseminating
the current knowledge on climate change.
6

the Kyoto Protocol in February 2009. He

indicated that this session is also essential
for the 15th Conference of Parties in
Copenhagen, which will constitute the
foundation of the post-2012 climate
regime. Turkey is contributing to global
efforts on climate change, erosion control
and protection of water resources is on
high priority in the list of topics on her
agenda because Turkey is located in the
Mediterranean Basin, an area which will
be affected most severely by climate
change, he said. He also mentioned that
establishing the UN Hydrogen Research
Center in Istanbul, hosting the 7th
Committee
for
Review
of
Implementation of the Convention for the
UN
Convention
to
Combat
Desertification in November 2008 and
then the 5th World Water Forum, which
over 33 thousand people attended in
March 2009, are major signs of our active
engagement in global efforts. The 30th
Session of the IPCC provided essential
opportunities for future climate regime.
Turkey will pursue the outcomes brought
by the IPCC and Turkey will integrate
these outcomes, which will surely guide
her in her efforts in formulation of
policies on climate change. Prof. Dr.
Veysel Erolu also explained that climate
change was nothing but a scientific fact
that required scientific solutions, strong
will and effective policies.

on more accurate and concrete evidence

than that contained in the previous
Assessment Reports.
The IPCC also prepares special reports
and technical papers (the last one of
which is about climate change and
water). Its reports have been employed as
basic references in negotiations under the
United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change. The IPCCs reports
on Methodology provide the guidelines
for the national greenhouse gas
inventories of the Parties to the
UNFCCC.
Turkey is located in the Mediterranean
Basin which is considered by the IPCC as
one of the most vulnerable regions with
regard to climate change. Turkey
continues to contribute to global efforts
to combat climate change within the
context of its capabilities and special
circumstances recognized by the Parties
in 26/CP7 Decision.
Turkey was chosen to host the 30th
session of the Panel during its 27th
Plenary Meeting. This session was held
in Antalya at the Miracle Hotel between
20 and 24 April 2009. Ministry of
Environment and Forestry was the focal
point for IPCC.
Dr. Rajendra Pachuari, Chairman of the
IPCC and Prof. Dr. Veysel Erolu,
Minister of Environment and Forestry
made the opening speeches.

Some of the items in the agenda were the

preparation of the 5th Assessment
Report, a possible special report on
extreme natural events and disasters,
scholarships for the junior researchers on
climate change; progress reports on
various issues including cooperation with
the UNFCCC.

In his speech Prof. Dr. Veysel Erolu

stated that hosting the 30th Session of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) is of great importance for
Turkey, which is a Party to the United
Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC), and ratified

ESTABLISHMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF EMAS (ECO-MANAGEMENT

AND AUDIT SCHEME) SYSTEM IN TURKEY

Development of a strategy and

implementation plan for EMAS
including harmonization period.

Turkey is in a process of harmonization

with EU legislation in the field of
environment. This process includes the
harmonization of Regulation 761/2001
for EMAS (EC "Eco-Management and
Audit scheme"). Turkey should have a
system for EMAS Implementation for the
full membership. This means that Turkey
should work on the establishment of the
institutional and legal structure for
EMAS implementation until the time it
gets membership. Harmonization work is
currently coordinated by the Ministry of
Environment and Forestry. For this
purpose, a Working Group including
relevant stakeholders such as Turkish
Accreditation
Agency
(TRKAK),
Turkish Standards Institution (TSE),
Ministry of Industry and Trade, The
Union of Chambers and Commodity
Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB) and
KOSGEB have been established.

Preparation
of
informative
documents (manuals, brochures etc) for
introduction of EMAS system.

Training on 15-16 June 2009 for

industry and NGOs. Representatives
from industry and NGOs were
informed about EMAS System and
what they have to do for EMAS
registration.
A Workshop was held on 23-25 June
2009 for the Working Group. The
Workshop included general and detailed
issues of EMAS Regulation and its
implementation.
DEVELOPMENTS IN HAZARDOUS
WASTE MANAGEMENT

A project, named as Establishment and

Implementation of EMAS System in
Turkey was started in January 2009 and
continued for a period of 9 months. The
global objective of the project was to
improve the environmental conditions in
Turkey
by
implementation
and
enforcement of the EU Environmental
Acquits in the frame of the EMAS
System and to provide support to Turkey
for harmonization of EMAS Regulation.
The following activities were covered by
the Project;

Latest Project on "Improvement of

Industrial
Hazardous
Waste
Management in Turkey" was concluded
in April 2009. Brief information about
benefits of the Project is given below:
The Objective of this cooperative Project
of Turkey and Germany is to develop the
concept of Hazardous waste in Turkey
and the optimization of hazardous waste
management in Turkey. The Project
named as LIFE HAWAMAN could be
seen as a follow up project of the
Twinning Project "TR03/EN/IB-0I
Waste. The duration of the project was
two years and has been finished in April
2009. Some parts of the project are
summarized as follows:

Preparation of a detailed report on

analysis of current situation and
possible institutional set up including
proposals for competent authority,
accreditation and recording systems.

data sheets in September 2008. In

contrast to the Project proposal the
partners decided that the application of
the manual should be first tested during
the Training of Trainers.

TASK A:
Development
of
Concept
Hazardous Waste-management:

for

Following a review of the existing

documents, concepts and information,
both partners agreed to improve the
basis for the concept considerably in
order to produce the quality intended by
the LIFE project proposal. Additional
work steps, for example a waste
estimation, were introduced. The
documentation of the concept started
with the descriptions of the existing
situation
in
hazardous
waste
management.

TASK C:
Optimization of Hazardous Waste
Management:
The background of task C was based on
the inventory collected on legal basis by
application of Turkish Regulation on
the Control of Hazardous Waste. In
this context the waste generators were
required
to
send
the
filled-in
questionnaires
(Hazardous
Waste
Declaration Forms) for their hazardous
waste record each year in April for the
previous calendar year.

Analysis of status quo of handling of

hazardous waste in Turkey and analysis
of relevant stakeholders was finalized in
April 2008 with the revision of the
descriptions of the existing situation in
hazard DUS waste management and of
the problems in hazardous waste
management, which were both drafted
by METU and MoEF.

From October to December in 2007, a

feasibility study was carried out with the
cooperation of TURKSTAT and MoEF
(Ministry
of
Environment
and
Forestry) consulted by ARGUS GmbH.
As a result the IT Department of
TURKSTAT programmed an oraclebased hazardous waste record system
(HWRS) for use at MoEF.

TASK B:
Waste Classification:
The basis for waste classification was the
European List of Waste (ELW). The
Twinning
Project
TR04/IB/EN/01
trained Trainers on the general
application of the ELW for all types of
waste.

HWRS (Hazardous Waste Record

System) was introduced for the first
time in 2008 for the entry of the waste
data of 2007. By the time the business
list and the waste generation data were
obtained, ARGUS conducted the
development of the prototype database
in the context of the data transfers and
management of task C3. Task C4 was
started after the first part of the data
collection, to validate, analyze and
present the data collected with the
HWRS. The results of the validation
yielded important inputs for the
specifications to be prepared in the
course of the development and

The LIFE Project focused on the details

of waste classification, the mirror
entries and the application of hazard
criteria. In order to harmonize the
activities and schedules with the
Twinning project, the Task B had to be
extended.
An English language manual for
hazardous waste classification was
finalized with last editions to the waste

introduction of the hazardous waste

monitoring system (HAWAMONIS).

Selected
experts
from
German
universities, GTZ and staff from MoEF
prepared the training modules from
October
2007
to
April
2008.
Thereafter, the English presentations
were translated to Turkish. All material
was compiled on a training manual CD,
which was distributed together with a
certificate at the end of each training.
Three training courses for a total number
of 150 participants were organized in
Ankara in June 2008, in Kocaeli in July
2008 and in Antalya in October 2008.

When the survey was closed in June

2008: Around 41,000 companies were
listed in the system; the response rate of
larger companies was significantly
higher than that of the smaller ones. The
survey represented one third of all
employees. The survey was also useful
to complete the business register, as
3,200 companies (or 8 % of all
companies) were added to the company
list during the survey.

Task E2 was successfully completed

with the conduct of a study tour for 10
staff members of MoEF to Germany in
July 2008. They visited the German
Ministry for Environment, Nature
Conservation and Nuclear Safety. They
also saw a CPT plant in Cologne, off-site
hazardous waste treatment (CPT) in
publicly available facilities, control of
recovery operation. Task targeted under
D and organization and control of
hazardous waste management were
topics of site visits which were often
accompanied by officials from the
respective environment administration of
Northrhine-Westphalia.

The efforts for the improvement of

HWRS and HAWAMONIS are going
on and the system will operate better
when its utility is fully accomplished.
TASK D:
Capacity Building:
A balanced system of control was
made by the competent supervision
authority and the waste disposal facility
itself in control consideration of special
parameters for waste disposal plants
target in Turkey.
The guidelines on hazardous waste
management for foundries, metal
working,
galvanization,
painting/coating
and
leather
production were prepared in German
and translated to Turkish until August
2008.

The DG Environment, MoEF was also

invited to the Workshops on ELW with
the Member States, because of the
advanced
LIFE
'HAWAMAN'
PROJECT
results
on
waste
classification in Task B.

TASK E:

TASK F:

Training:

Task Management and Reporting:

Initial intended aim of this task

Strengthening
capacities
at
supervision and competent authorities
level" was expanded to include capacity
building of stakeholders and improve the
project environmental impact and
sustainability.

One of the routine tasks of the project

management was the capacity building in
EU project. To summarize the
activities: an exchange of experience
between GTZ and MoEF staff was
scheduled
for
November,
and

10

conducted at the premises of GTZ

Berlin.

Black
Sea
coastal
zone
considering
the
seasonal
fluctuations and pollution sources
in order to provide a sustainable
environmental management in scope
of the Black Sea Strategic Action
Plan; and

TASK G:
Task Dissemination:
The general layout for the visual
identity of the Project was created and
used for all LIFE'HAWAMAN'
PROJECT activities. CDs with printed
surface layer in English and Turkish
languages
were
produced
for
dissemination of the Project results.
Project layer in English and Turkish
language
were
printed
and
disseminated at the project kickoff in
July 2007, on the training and
information meeting regarding Task C2
etc. The
project
website
was
programmed by a contractor from
October 2007 to February 2008. It is
available on the Internet.

Determine
studies.

priorities

for

future

It is very important to provide

characterization
of
concentration
changes at any time for pollutants in
receiving environment.
Other targets of the Project are to:
Determine
whether
pollutant
concentration is under normal limits
or not;
Determine pollutants in living
organisms and find out their affects;
Control pollutant discharge into the
sea; and

MARINE
AND
COASTAL
MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT

Assessment
of
measurement
efficiency to determine the pollution
of sea.

1. Black Sea Monitoring Project:

Black Sea Monitoring Project was
started in 2004 to be implemented every
year. The Project is being implemented
in coherence with other studies in the
scope of the Black Sea Strategic Action
Plan in order o implement The
Convention on the Protection of the
Black Sea against Pollution and its
Protocols.

2. MED POL:
The National Monitoring Programme
of Turkey under MED POL Phase IV is
aimed at the following:
a) Compliance of the national regulations
and the MAP common measures for
industrial/municipal effluents in Hot Spot
areas and estimation of inputs from
effluents.

The Monitoring stations cover the

complete Black Sea coastal area from
Igneada to Hopa and the studies include
the monitoring of the open sea, estuaries
and the contaminant levels in biota and
sediments.

b) Reliable monitoring of river inputs,

and estimation of riverine fluxes.
c) Reliable assessment of the temporal
changes in contaminant levels in biota
and sediments, in selected coastal and
hot spot stations.

The main targets of the Project are to:

Assess pollution status along the

d) Reliable assessment of pollution

11

status of the coastal waters.

and soil resources with using N

and P analysis.

e) Reliable
assessment
of
eutrophication status in coastal waters
and
the
lagoons; Mersin Bay (pilot site).

2. Getting under control the

nutrients transported to the
Black Sea through Kizihirmak
and Yesilirmak Rivers and
getting the nutrient concentration
level to comply with the standards
determined in the legislations.

f) A preliminary assessment of organic

carbon content of sediments and
quality of water at intensive aquaculture
areas.

3. Ensuring international quality

standards in the parameters and
measurement methods.

NATOLIAN
WATERSHED
REHABILITATION PROJECT
The aim of the Project supported by the
Word Bank and GEF is to: provide a
stabilized natural resource management;
increase the income of the people living
in the Anatolia and Black Sea Regions;
and decrease the pollution originated by
agricultural activities and transported by
Kizilirmak and Yesilirmak Rivers.
Duration of the Project which started in
2005 is 7 years. Catchment basins of the
project are the drainage area of
Yesilirmak and Kizilirmak Rivers in
administrative provinces of Tokat,
Amasya, Corum, Samsun.

4. Making
inventory-works
to
identify agricultural industries
and pollutants originated from
these in the Project site.
5. Making an action plan to prevent
the
pollutants
coming
from
agricultural practices.
6.
Implementation of the
Regulations of "Protection of the
Water Resources Against Nitrate
Pollution
Coming
From
Agricultural
Activities'"
(18.02.2004/The Official Gazette
No: 25377).

Objectives of the Project:

1. Identification of effects of the
agricultural pollutants on water

ACTIVITIES WHICH WILL BE CARRIED OUT BY THE GENERAL

DIRECTORATE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS
identified micro-catchments in every
three months. Besides, it has prepared a
"Laboratory Analysis Hand Book" in
order to use it in the water quality
monitoring activities.

Management (GDEM):
1-Monitoring of the water quality:
The activities which are supported by
GEF have been carried out in
administrative provinces of Amasya,
Corum, Samsun and Tokat. In these
administrative
provinces,
GDEM
Environmental Reference Laboratory has
been making analysis of water quality
periodically at the inlet and outlet of the

2- Public awareness:
It is aimed at making people of the
region conscious of the Project. These
activities began in 2008 and are still going
on. For this purpose a media kit containing

12

brochures and posters of the Project, a

documentary film and a spot film will be
produced.

4- Improvement of the institutional

and political structures necessary
for of the European Union
standards:
Implementation activities related with
the Regulations of "Protection of the
Water Resources Against Nitrate
Pollution Coming From Agricultural
Activities" (18.02.2004/The Official
Gazette No: 25377) will be realized
with the cooperation between of
Ministry of Environment and Forestry
(GDEM) and Ministry of Agriculture
and Rural Affairs.

3- Preparation of good agricultural

practices guideline:
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Affairs will produce a guideline to
identify and reduce the effects of the
agricultural practices on environment and
GDEM will give support to this subject.

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF TURKMENISTAN

"GUN" Institute established in 1980 is a
part of Academy of Sciences of
Turkmenistan.

conversion and practical utilization of

renewable sources of energy such as
heating-engineering, physics and thermal
technologies. It integrates scientific and
technical developments in various sectors
of Turkmen economy.

It is engaged in the conduct of research

and development studies in the field of

THE BASIC ACTIVITY OF THE INSTITUTE IN THE SPHERE OF

TRANSFORMATION AND PRACTICAL USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCES:

Carrying out scientific and

technical research, designing and
creation of pre-production models
of systems and units on
desalination and purification of
water obtained from chinks and
wells, hot water supply, heating,
cooling and drying of different
materials.

Research of materials at high

temperature,
cultivation
and
processing of a biomass of
seaweed (chlorellas), recycling of
a waste of agricultural production

to bio-fuel reception, independent

cultivation of plants without
waste and the maintenance of
animals
in
agro
climatic
conditions
of
arid
zones.
Operation
of
independent
wind/solar heat/power supply
systems and complexes for
creation
of
comfortable
conditions for people living in the
areas
not
connected
with
centralized systems of heating,
energy and water supply.

13

which could occur under the influence of

ultra-violet sunlight.

Realisation
of
periodic
maintenance service of the
introduced installations, systems
and complexes with on the job
training of personnel to ensure
their smooth operation.

The Solar Furnace:

The optical system of the solar furnace
consists of heliostat and two parabolic
reflectors with diameter of 2 and 1.5m,
established in a plane the north-south
with horizontal and vertical position of
optical axes. Heliostat provides automatic
tracking of the sun. The high-temperature
solar furnace has systems of regulation of
density of a stream of radiation in a zone
of
heating
and
contact-lense
measurement of temperature. Thermal
capacity of the solar furnace is 1.5 kw.

Advertising, propagation and

creating public awareness in
practical use of Renewable
Sources of energy.

Wind/Solar

Water-Desalination

Complex:
This complex is used for desalination of
water with the help of solar energy.
During this process, it generates the
distilled water, which is used for
commercial purposes. Productivity of a
solar desalter depends on its evaporation
area. Production of the distilled water
also varies according to the season. From
1 m2 water, in summer 5 liters, in spring
3-4 liters and in winter 0.3 liters of
distilled waster per day could be
obtained. Wind energy is also used to
desalinate the water.

Experimental wind energy generating

plant with capacity of 5 KW for school
electricity supply on Island Gyzyl Su in
Caspian Sea:
This
plant
was
developed
on
experimental basis for generating windenergy with a capacity of 5 KW for
electricity supply to a school in Gyzyl Su
Island.
With wind power, the generating plant
operates its generator producing an
electric current that arrives on an electric
power switchboard located in a school
building. From switchboard, the electric
current comes to electrical equipments.
At unstable speeds of wind or its absence,
the electric power switchboard switches
over to a diesel power generator installed
in the Island.

Helios Dry Kiln Unit:

General purpose of Helios drying units
are used for drying of vegetables, fruits
and construction materials (saw-timbers,
concrete products). The units can operate
independently in any place without
traditional electricity supply.
Upon increase in volume of production of
drying the minimum power supply for the
fan (from 0,25 to 0,75 kW) is used. In the
capacity of power-supplier, solar
photoelectric converters are used. Their
speed of drying, in comparison with
traditional drying in open air, increases
by 3 - 4 times. This drying process
sterilizes food items and saves their
vitamin components from destruction,

Solar Units for Cultivation of Micro

Seaweed Chlorella:
Solar unit is portable set of glass tubular
photobiology reactors, supplied with
pump systems and devices for cultivation
of chlorella - used as the bio-additive to
forage of agricultural animals.

14

- Productivity on a solid (chlorella

in powder state) 0,45

focus of the ellipsoid reflectors. In

furnace focus the temperature will reach
to 1110 0 at capacity of a furnace of 300
W. Through focus of the furnace with the
set of speed moves the rotating
transparent
quartz
ampoule
with
investigating substance. Thus, process of
zone fusion of materials is carried out.
The cases of the furnace of a window
located on the parties with filters, allow
observing processes of fusion and
crystallization with application of thermal
imager and photo cameras. For fire
safety, the fun block carries out cooling
of the case of the furnace to 50 0.

- Duration of light day 10 hours;

Helios Water Heater Module:

For solar photobiology reactors the area

138 m2 of a surface shines with the Sun.
Its technical characteristics are as
follows:
- The area of the general building
site 380 m2
- Volume on suspension 7.2 m3;
- Operation time 250 days/year;
-Productivity
on
suspension
(chlorella in liquid state) 21 ;

- Consumed electricity - 20, 6 kW;

This unit for hot water can operate

independently in any place without
traditional power supply. Its design
provides
possibility
of
easy
transportation. Capacity of this unit is 80
liters of hot water for light day with a
temperature of 55 0. It can operate
during the summer, autumn and spring
periods.

Solar energy use allows reducing power

inputs for operation of solar photobiology
reactors up to 70%.
The mirror-beam furnace for fusion of
materials in the conditions of
weightlessness:
The mirror-beam furnace is developed
and created for carrying out of
technological
experiments
in
the
conditions of weightlessness. In 1987, it
was put on board orbital station World
2 where it was used for carrying out
various researches in the field of
materials technology. Advantages of the
optical furnace in comparison with other
electric furnaces for space technology
are: small dimensions, achievement of
heats; possibility of visual supervision
over
processes
of
fusion
and
crystallization of materials in the
conditions of weightlessness. Operation
of the optical furnace consists of the
following: in near focuses of two
coaxially located ellipsoid reflectors
settle down tiny halogen lamps. At their
inclusion, the reflected stream of radiant
energy gathers in the combined distant

Using Helios-heater module in quality

Helios
shower
installations,
the
maximum capacity is for six persons.

15

Table of Content

Contents

Pakistans progress and achievements in

multilateral environmental agreements

Sustainable tourism in Pakistan

Suitable Areas for Development of

Sustainable Tourism in Pakistan

Implemented Environmental Education

Project in the Republic of Turkey

30th Session of the Inter-Governmental

Panel on

Climate Change (21-23 April 2009, Antalya

Turkey)

Establishment and implementation of

EMAS (ECO-

Management and Audit Scheme) System in

Turkey

Developments in Hazardous Waste

Management

Executive Board of the

ECO Bulletin on Environment

Marine and Costal Management Department

Natolian Watershed Rehabilitation Project

The Basic Activity of the GUN Institute

in the field of Renewable Energy Sources
in Turkmenistan

Mr. Ali Khanbutayev

Mr. Mohammad Reza Nabovati
Mr. Muhammad Yousaf Khan
Mr. A. R. Ashtiani

Secretariat of the Economic Cooperation Organization

Address: No.1 Golbou Alley, Kamraniyeh,
Tehran Islamic Republic of IRAN
P.O. Box: 14155-6176
Tel : (9821) 22831733-34
Fax: (9821) 22831732
Web: http://www.ECOsecretariat.org
E-Mail: Registry@ECOsecretariat.org
dee@ECOsecretariat.org

Electronic Circulation of the

ECO Bulletin on Environment

There will be articles from other

Member States in next issues.

The Executive Board of the ECO Bulletin on

Environment would highly appreciate your kind
comments/suggestions.

In order to have wider and prompt dissemination of

information, ECO Secretariat will be circulating the
electronic text version of the ECO Bulletin on
Environment via email.

ECO Bulletin on Environment is published quarterly by

the Secretariat of the Economic Cooperation
Organization. Opinions expressed in articles and other
materials are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect ECO policy.

16

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