Getting started

Grammar
Qu
I
a

estions
5 Look

Read about cianDi.

Work with a partner- Whar information do you
fiink is missing from thr !ex!?

at the letters of the alphabet.

Pracrise sayinq rh alDhabct.

A D CD E F G H IJ K L M N O P Q

RSTU VW X

t' EE a2 Lisren, check and Rpear6 You will hen. a .onversation.

li. My n!hs'. Gi.ini. l'r

frdfr
.^t

a Look ai the lorm

l'm 26 V..r! old. I'lI

t
?
I

rlur'ting Englirh
isd ii

and answer lhese qustions.

Who do you think is speaking?
What is th convcrsatlon about?
What quesdons do you xpect?

Eisli3h,r
, too. But l'v. forgott.r.lol of
it. Ithinl lfiat ny bigg0ct probl.m vitl Englith

l[.'!'. B"t I lik. Eislir[.

I a'! r'rd..rl.'ri

EE o.t l,irt." t" tt'. "oDveBarion

ll'.

and check

Can you remembe. Mary's questionr?

a wriie lhe queslions.

b Ef, o.r Li'ren and check.
c Think of two more quenions ftar Mary could ark.

3 Find ou!

aboua sodeone in the class.

a Ark and answcr the quesrions Imm 2 wlrh your

Work in a group of four. Introduce your panner lo
the Broup, telling them what you fouod oul.

4 Wrik

a paraSraph to introduce yoursclf, using

Gianni's (ert in r as a model. Add extra

lormation it you want.

scc Re{lc.riDg on Learning

l: Your

with you. parrner's inlornration.

alms p120.

/ai'dib/ i kiah
rcmcniber(v)
/n'menba/ nhd, nhd Ini
(n)
information
/,infb'meiJnl th6nA tin
renect (v)
hi'nektt pluin dnh, pluin

apprspriaie (adj) ,7o'prouptiin hich hqp

male
nan Sini
n'snti
female

ides (n)

dclctc (v)
cxpecr (v)

ldi'liftJ
/iks'pck/

eq.hdi
mang chit

b E o.r Lhten and check your ideas.

c El o.J Listn asair and complete rhe lo.m7 Interview your 0a.lncr and cornplere rhe form

hii

(D)
/nciY
(n) /firmcil/
posrcode (n)
fpotlstkoudl ndtht tit
area code (n) /corio,koud/ md dEn thai onng

ln yoLrr I fe 7

Two Brothers

2 Ee/ visit/ the capital cily several rimes

I Emilio and Pilar/ be married/ over filty yea6
4 They/ lead/ a peacelul liie

niLio and MaximiLian are brothers. Thcy are

borh old men now. Tl,ev \rew up r.'geth<r on a
irrn in Arsentina, but since then rhey have led
very differenr lives. When Emilio left school at the
age offouneen, he starred work on rheir father s
farn.lle reaLly enpyed the simple village life and
when *ren father died, Emilio took over the farm.
AIL his tife Enltio has iived in rhe old farmhouse
where he was hom. 'l've neler wanted to live
anywhere elsc,' he says. 'This is my home. I feel
that l1n part of it and it is part

MJkc I'ue lenlcr.e\ rboul lhc lnothers, u\inB

this information and the present pe.fect tedsc.
r Emilio's life/ changc/ a lot

6 Eniiio/ work/ hard all his lile

7 Emilio aDd Max/ meet/ a long lime
a Emilio/ read/ about Maximilian in rhe
9
r0

What do you think Max's life has bccn like?

a Hcre are som lhings that have played a part in his
life. work in groups and dc.ide Max's lile nory.

ofne.'

prison divo..e ship Wall Street

intrnational jet set
model travel
car crdh
businessnan the Bahamd
drug addld
television millio.ake

Qo ror ovcr 70 ycd6 EmrLot lrie has chmged

i-J"er|rnlc. Wh.n he was 22, he maried his
childhodd swcctheart, Pilar,
and

fron the nexr village,

thcy havc bcen happily married ever since.

Two years ago they ceLebrated their golden

weddinp anniversary.

It

Max/ do/ a lot oI intc.esd.g thinSs

Ernilio/ !ce/ his brother on lelevision

El z.s ristcn to ttrc story of Maxjmilian's lire

and check your ideas.

celebration.
Everyboc.r lrorrr miles around was there, includnrg
Emilio and :ita.'s six children md theit lifreen
w&s a big

grandchildren.

En, io anJ nld' h.trc ncver been abroad. Un'il

Lh. wr,60, Fh,lio w(nr ro Buunos Aire, on.c a
his sixtieth bhrhday he h6nt lefr
the village. 'Well, yes, I've had a sood life,' he says,
'but I haven't done very much. Now, look at ny
brother, Maximilian. He left the village as sbon as
he harl the chmce. He hasnt visired us very much
in rhe l^r Menry ye"n, bur we ve rcal abour him
in the newspapen and we've seen him on TV, too.
Yes, Max hu had a very interesting life.'

yeai, but sincc

Discuss the questio.s, comparinS the livcs of

r
2

How does each brolher lect about his life?

which brolher do you think has had lhe

I
4

Which brother do you think is happier?

Which way of lile would you preler? Why?

7 IhaEine rn unu(url litcsrylc.

Here Jre

\om(

Work in a group of four. Each !,crson .akes

different role. Imagine your life sro.y.

Take it in rurns 1() be intcrviewed by rhe group. The

group asks questions to find out as much as possible

n.ad the text and mark rhc scnrences

Fake ll) or Don t k ote l?t.

I
2

4
5
6

Emilio hds |ved iD rhe rarDe pld(e dll hi\ Iire.

II has become very rich.
He is 74 yea.s old.
He me! lilar when he was twenty years ol(l.
He has been maoied dree times.
nmilo and ?ila. have bcen marrid for
52

7
8
9
t0

rrre (,/),

yeats.

They went to Paris lor ihir

Maximilian is a
l{e js youn8er than

honcymoon.

iarme..
Emilio.
He has been on lelevision.
ll He was at the solden wcddin8.
l,rke over

(v)

famhousc

Haw loag hale you been a ...?

Wht rlitl yor becane a . -.?
How nuch nahe! hdrc you made at a

d
n
tr
I
tr

n
n

D
tr
n
tl

W.ite lhe rrory of

nEtui rAu

.?

life so lrr, u\ins this

.
.
.

whal you have done and when you did it.

where you have livd and when you iived rhie.
lhe main evenls in your personal lile.
Commenl on your lile. What has it ben like so far?

goldeo weddins (n)

annivcNary

swcelhea4(r) /'swilho:V

Describe and Sive some details about

/teik'ouvo/

(n) /fb:mhauY

'our

0,

chanc (n)

honeymoon (n)

tdn ti hj nQn
lEo',lldbt'w.li4l &im ctJA udna
/,ani'vo:sori/ ld h! ni;rn

/{o,ns/
/h nimu:n/

cd

h6i

tudn trdns mAt

63

Getting started

Vocabulry
lntrod uction
Match these quesalons and possible .eplies.
Som have more than one answr.

what

does

/ort l.p man?

How do you s"y 4u4rio in Engiish?

Whal's lhi5 called in EnSlish?
How do you spell ,flariird?
Can you lepeat tllal, please?
How do you pronounce thls nord?

.alled a p.Eil shary.n t.

't's
lr means fud th. word in a dietbnaty,

I'm rorry. I don't know.

It's spch M-A-doublc R-I.E-D.
Yes, o{ couBc. M-A-doublc R{-E-D.

2 Look at.he picaure.

a hbcl ae mdy &in8s as possiblc.
b Work in 8rcups. Comparc your idear using

the cxprcssions ln

l.

can you now labcl any morc thin8s?

3 rcst your munory,

b El
>

See

o.< Lisren ana answ.r rhe queslions.

Reflecting on Learnlng 2: Recording voabulary p120.

(v)
(v)

look up

/luk Af,/

/ti'p;ttl
pronouncc(v) /pro'nrunv
repear

tinl hiin
nhiic l4i

pcncil sharycncr (n) /pcnsl,,ro:pond/ ctii Egt

phdt dm

cxprcssion (n)

comparc (v)

/k6m'peo/
/iks'prerr/

blt chi

so

sdn,l

tit

nat

1 Everyday life
Grammar
The present simple tense
Grammar in use

Read ahe tx! and answer these quesiions.

r why do wc hav routines?

2
l

who

dscribs her roudne?

Wo.k with a pa.tner, Discuss these questions

r
2

How is your moming rouline diferent lrom Jo'

What other rouiines do you have in your i.1?

Are roullnes good or bad?

FSor.rtlrres
Irlink about your daily life. Do you follow the rame rcute
to wdk every day? Do yd sit in rhe .am. pl.ce id .latt?
Whn you get drtsed, do you alwaF put the tame l9
or am in

tid?

Rules

I
a

Look at the tablc.

complac abe second columA using srr.

You probably do, be@u5ew allhave

I always do exacdy the same thiDgs.

I wake up ai sevcn o'clock.

lil

Routinee rave time and

enersy be(aure you do

I dont get up

them wirhout thinkingThar'r why they .re so

important in lh! morninq
when yod brain kn, lery
active. Here'e lo talking

I 80 to th loo.
I brush my teeft.

'oh

quancr part sev

I switch on the radio.

I dry my hair.
I choose my doth.s.
I get dressed.
I dont have any br.akfast.

alwayt da exactty
the ene thingt. I wake up
at se@h o'.lo.k e@ry
yes, t

mo.ning, but I don't get

up tiq qhtTet past teven.
I twit h on the hdio ah<!
litten to the news. fhen I
go to the loo and I btush
ny teeth. I have a shower
and dry hy haiL rhen t
<h@ ny clotlles aad I
get dre$ecl. I do 'a eat
anythins lo. brcakfast t
jun have a eup ol.ollee.
Then I go to wotk, Yet,
it, alwayt the tane,'

E r-r usc.r

and chcck.

Look at your table from 1.

a what normally happcns to rhe verb in the third
p.rron singular?
What happens
whcn the verb endr in -s.. -sh, -.h,..e. h/Lth?
How do we pronouncc thci wordr?
whcn ftc vdb cnds ln ,, c.8. ro?
wher th. vdb ends in corlsonanl +, c.8. dr,?
wilh lhc verb rav.?

.
.
.
.

Routiner are very uief!1, but they ako mak you

uncreative,50 sometimet it's a qood idea to break your
routi.6- cet ost of bed on the oppoiiG 5ide. listen to a
tion- Take a different .out to rc.k.
different radio
Ear bmething ditfernt lor breakfait change your
routine. You neve. lnow, it @uld dange your lite.

How do we make ncSativs and questlons ln

lhe present simple lenoc
. lor the tlid person singular?

for all oiher sublecis?

it

daily life (!hr) /'dcili laifl cu& lning thuitng ngd!

cong uqc r,ang nEat
routinc (n)
/ru:'ti:n/

describe(v)

/dis'kaib/

follo*

/frlou/

(v)

mitu td
thco, tluo dudi

energy (n)

/'cnodti/

sttc t'/c

brain (n)
switch on (v)
loo (n)

,ibrcinr

fi.'c

uncreative (adj)

nQ blt @di)

thitu stug tao

EverydaY life

4 lrh'.n lr $o rsc rh. r,re\enr \impl{. rensc?

rhcse rwo senrcoces illuslral

th. two main

uses of the presenr

Thcsc questions are fronr an

intcrview wi!h Ken,

a Only four

quesrions are corlcct.

Corrcct the other questions,
r Have you a $ower every

Iwak

up at teven o'clock evcry norning.

Rauti et eav tine ahtl.n.ryy

b Complele rbe rule usinS two ol ftesc pbrases:

.
.

rhinSs rhar are happening at lhe momenl

thiDgs that happen rcgularly

We use the presenl simple lense to des.ribe

>

Do you linn to the radio in the

l
4
5
6

what limc you go downstairs?

why do you likes lhe wcckend?

Whe. do your lalmatet gel up?
Docs chrisline 8et up first ar thc

7
8
e
r0

check rhe rules for thr plesenr simpl. tcnse in cranrmat

Practice

Do Sam listcn Io rhe radio?

Wha! p.oSramme shc watches?
llow does ColiD get to college?
Does h oilen misses the bus?

b Rolcplay ihe inrcrview with

Kcn \hares

morDint routibe.
Pui the verbs in fie box in the correct lom ro complete the lext.
Some are in the negativ.. Use some more than once.

rhree fricDds. He desffibes thcir

rypical morninS jn hh/her home.

J
t".L

(rrly. 1ir.3u\c

trrerl
shL

o'.lo.k wh.D

'
I

, rlre rr.ws
rnd
!
,, \h.1(', ,,--tThrn I
q\
qr)arlr.
pasr
downsrai,
\
ir
abour
cn S.m:,
--+-_ir
rl,r radit. ., jhc
a[)ul hali l]as! sevcrL shc
r,,r.
rL,c !clevr\i({rand ,.,
rir.l,,(ikia!:
rl.. v',
| ,'r1.r n' 'l e Jis '\ . '(
",, .Jo 1o...
we lisualll r,
rrr rrgumerl at'oul rhnl
coii,t r,r L.i (ollrSe r,nl hr'r .h!3!s hr: H.
I

__ ,

a kind oI rnisic fiat you like and

a k'nd llur yoL, don't lik.
your lavouritc iood ard solnethinS

your favouritc drink and

somelhing rhal you dorrl dnnk.
a ga,ne or spofl rhar lou plat a.d
one lhar you donl llay
a TV prcgrru)me that you always
warch and onc dlat yo! don'r

d,trurnair5

I_

ejshr

ild

3 How coh!atiblc are you with

el
a
datch slay
stay have get uP
up
ilrn up lke come down miss watch
hurry listen to 9o wqke !p swlt h on run take start

chrls'ine

a panner.

c Ask yoDr panner questons abour

. llat wirh

r-._:
an,i

llLar you

rhr rrrln)

donl

. i!!rcrhi.E

Co.

tha{ tou olre! reid and

somethirrg Ib!r )ou d.n'r read

b Talk to o$er people in the clasr, using

A
B
A

I don t
Yes. r

like

jai tu ,-ot'

do, but I

lon t

likc opett

Wllnl ibout rnu )

Na,I doh't lik opetu.ithl

who h.s lhe

as

,u rJ".r'r,
l,$r'r-r,.. r 'l"\r rrr'r'/ dr..' -/
Ir nr'|
'rri elr
',ud f --L
ni.v car ann l'ni irrc h lro'k. I JLLIbT
,!ffI:.nds
J
,r
I'ceuse ev.r),one
ir l)rl larc. llr I I
lI
i!
berl
ir
iir,jrr:,d
.rr
I
_rD
f.

roDelhing rhrr you aiwals do

in the nxrrDing and sotrrcdling

saF,c likes anc dlslikes

you? Tell thc ciass.

d Tell the dass sornr of tbe olhcr $ings

Mano daetk t drirk

caid

nilk.

doesn't read the nP\aetapers.

look .t Rrfle(tiDE on Learrnrg

l:

Pans of speech p120.

bE

t.-z t.isrcu

ar

cucrh

(n)
miss (r)
flahalc

illusrrale (v)
regularly (adv)
sharc

/rcsjul6li/

(v)

tum up (v)

conpa(ible

d'h, tudt hiin

/ilrrt Drcil/
/mis/

nh6,

lJ

(adj) /koulpatDbl/
9

Everyday iife

Vocabulary

Reading

Collocations

Naturets children
I

Here ar some verb phrases that

with thc noun

80

bed.

L@k at thc photoa.aphs from the arttcle.

Read the fl$l paragnph and discuss th.!e quesdons.

I
2
I

Who arc thcs. popl?

what kjnd of lilesryle do you rhink rhcy have?
What do rhcy do?
b Read the resr of lh. ani(le and chcck your ideas.
c IIow dos $e wdter fel about thsc pcoplc?

in

lie

Wri.e down somc vrb phrases for

each noun in this lisr. You caD use
diclionary to help you.

Natureb childrel

holiday
bus

b Comparc your phrases wilh the

class.

2 Look al your llst

of activities.
a Find thin8s tha! you

only do .r wcelends.

do in thc ecnings.

.
.

.b

Thc Ttrvellcrs dotr't

m*ca je*dlery

thct
ir onc pl.ce long eough.
They erc thc childrn of
naturc - modcm gyPsics'
Whn .utunn coms, &ey
dislPprt 2nd wc don't scc

Bodr Peul and Joicc cor

from normll middlc clz
frmilic!. Thatt oqc tc.s

have
dont stay

iobs, bcausc

them on thc ncws any morc.

would llke to do.

don't want to do,

fact, drcy mov to ihe

cities md look fot empty

lln

Compar your ldcas wirh a panncr,

see Reflccting on Lea.ninA 4r Using

houses fot thc vintr.

Pdhapr 6c children go to

dicrion6ri6 p120.

school for

fcw montlB.

Paul .nd Jroice 1rc

Tnvcllcrs. f Thcy ercot
manicd. Tbcy havc two
chil&cn cdlcd Moonstonc

and Saffron. Thcir Life is very

simple. Duting the day they

sit end talk to their friends

whilc th children pl2y. Id

rhc cveriflgs thcy usualy eat
togcthr with odrct fmilics
big 6re, and
around

sornebody usually plzys a

guitd or switchs on a CD

playct They live on social

security bene6ts. If they
need extn mony, Jmice
collocation
naturc

(n)
van (n)
sipsy (n)

(n)

/,krlo keitn/ s( siip dp theo tht

fr.eitIol
lva:el
/dSipsi/

Mn tiah
z tdi
d'6n sipn

t(

tn

D6)

security (n)
bcncfir (n)

niddle
'to

why P.'ll prefers thc lift

it

or

Trrvclci As

Paul .xplrit
prkr
i d olfd i
'MJI.th.r

thuMt tai" to ec
cwy fu. Hr nw honc
da" k b i,?
5.t0, A"d
paf tk ,, '*J
8d9. or th ,rr
Btt tb.n ttzt d"-r b & it
.ahh.!

f.. nn? H. ea.*J! I

&.rtetr! tb. tM, br dig'
gtardtn, t d h. wtb.! tb. .m
'
t i,'*r k! fu, bi kr Hl,i
a

rbw. Wl, I

dottt tant ta

whar should we do ibc

th.Tr*[.rs?The/t rcb

erinst

Espectablc so.n

rnd tbcy dont cae whet'

d'ink. But nhy should

dlcy do th& own thhS? A
sit hcr rt my desk afld thi

ebout my mortgagc, t
insurrnce, and ta*s,
wondct who's riehr g -

live on (v)
social (adj

and sels

tdos bdra
thu+ lii hnj
/si'kjuoroti/

class (n) /,midl'clois/

s4 bao&im
trO cdp

tdnc

W t,uns Ltu

Every..lay life

Mnrk thrxe scntcnccs I/!e (,/),

Fdlse lll ot Don't I< nn'l?j.

Nrw Ae r.avellcrs are onlv

." rr'.-..* rr'"
2 larm.s don't'"likc lhe Travcllcrs.
I They spcnd the wlnter in

-*"i.

New Age cbil&cn never 80 ro

t
6

Janice is Paul's wile.

Paul's la.her workalor an

7
8

insu.ance companyPaul admircs his faiher.

Janice doesn't eai meat.

Paul

naks jewelkry.

l0 Ihe wnrer

has gor a morr8aSe,

3 Comparc

Panl's and his faiher's lifestylcs.

a Find exprssions in lhe lext tlEl desc.lbe .ach lllestyle and

E
E

tr

tr
[1

What doyou think about the New A8e TlavellcB? Which lifcsryle
do you 6nd more attracdve? Why?

tr
tr

Language focusr should / sho u ldn' t

tr

Complete

th6e *ntenc6 fron the

Ihe ,otke

lhev

otr then oI ln

Whol

we do obout rhe Ttuve e/5?

-allow

But why

b
>
C

text-

itl
the

omvl

they do rhelr own thjhgT

Whcn do w t6e shou/d/srlo!/d4?

Oreck th rules for sl,ould/irouldn'l in Grannar Refere.ce 1.2

Herc are some more opinions aboot the Tlavellers. Complete

sntences wfth inoi/ld or srou/dn'r.

'Ihey.on do what they

sociot

like.

Ad

why_l

poy fot ir? lhen

securitl beneiE cone out ol tuy tues.

'Moybe they donl do ony

tond 6ad

they-be

'It's tenible. Ihe

n6ic

.hild.enlThev

han

But

he

We_poy

thots.ot tlE point.

li'

ny

herc.

is so loud ond they look so ditty- And the

be ot

s.h6l

b*o!* they rc jeolous. Evety society heeds

its .ebelt. lve _leore
then alone.
'People ohly conploia

'We , 1 don t undestond it. tle .ones fron a good hohe. Wele
rcspectoble peaple.
like that.'

He-live
why_we

ho.n.

'We do^ t do dny

live the woy we w@t

b?nsohee.ouhtry.
'rteedon? Hrh. Theyle jvst totl they I. td get ob\.Aadt
ther dont. we
DLt hem h Dn.M at in thc o,d'

d El ,.,
4

Lisren and

ch(k

Look al the opinions above.

a who do you rhink might cxprcss

b Which oplnions

each opinion?

do you a8ree with?

5 Docs your country have groupr of people like thc Ncw A8.
T.avllcrr? Wha. do lhey dor llow do you fcel abour rhem?
/in'Juorons'k mponi/
Jcwellery (n)
admir (v)
n$rtgagc (n)
lifcsrylc (n)
opinion (n)
complain (v)
jcdlous (adj)
rcspectablc (adj)

'tM

lat ding

/dSurolri/

d6 nit trang

/od'maio (r)/

ngLtitry m6

/nlr:gid3/
/laifslaiV

tt

fdjelost

shen

/ri'spcktobl/

&Lng k(nh trpns

11

1 E\ryday iife

Listening and speaking

Telling the time
1
a
b

o'cIock

How do we tell the time?

Complctc thc diagram.

ten to

w car also lcll rhe d'rc in digiral

form.
7:4)
I3:25
18:00

8:U

2 Look .r thcse clocks and watchcs.

a Say thc times.
b E i..r risren ana marcl rle

half

renleDces and dmes,

I
2

Whafs lhe rime?

Whco do6 the proSrame

4
'
5

Excus me. What time does

th ncxt train leave?

Good moming. This is your

walc-up cal.
Could I rseFe

E
9

what rime ir our meeaing

tr
tr
n
n

You re listeDing to Radio

D
a rable

Ior

this evcning, please?

Could I makc an appohtmnr
wilh Dr clark please?
Could I book a taxi to lhe

airpon, pleas?

diagranr(n)

I
tre
tr
tr

/daisgrarm./

/didJitl fr:m/
digital fonn
wskc'up call (n) /weik Ap kril/
12

dc"S
"6'
cu& gai bda

thtc

rserve (v)

In'z6tvl

appointment (n)

/6'p5ir'tmel\tl cu& tun

ddt

trt&

Everyday lfe

3 Look at tapscript

1,4.

a Practise lhe .oDversations with a panner,

b Make more conversations to

.
.
.
.
.

ro

nu

nciatio n

The IPA

rescne a rcstau.ant tablc.

Eive someone a wake-up call.

The Intematiotral Phonetic Alphabet

(lPA) consisls oI symbols rhal show
so!r/J. Thcse can hclp you wilh
pronunciation. Olten EnSlish spelling and
English pronunciation are nor ihe same.
This is why learning fie sound symbols
can be very uselul lor sluden$ o{ English.
Thcre is a .hart of rhe IPA symbols oll lhe

find our fte depanure and adival times oI a rrain.

make an appoinment at the dentisrs.
ask whn a TV pro'lramme stans and finishes.

I
a say thcse words and look at the
spclliDg. What do you nodce?

rhese words have Crjtre,r rcwel

spellings bul the rdm. voweLsound.
Now say these words and look ar lhe
speuing.

rdnr vo\ael
spelling but lrferent vowel sounds.
These words have the

Look ar fte IPA cbart and sludy the

z Consonants
a Most of lhe phonetic symbols Ior
consonants are the same as the letters.

big

/brg/

But some consonant sounds have

/J/
tq
/e/
trt

shoe
c}ra'l
tbing
so'lg

l6il,zJ

/0,4t/

/'plet,

>

'Re ikd ne - an l gettin!

(v)

denrist(n)

consonant(n)

/'dentisr./

tit

yes

iust
/d/ -wigr

httl

hnq

tti:.1

ti,t

up ot ltoins ro bed?'

/kon'sis/
consist (ol)
inside backcover /in'said blrjk

time /di'po:tro tairml

measure

Look at th IPA chan and sludy the

consonant symbols.
You will practis the IPA symbols in

'id
aniYaltime /oraivbl iaim/ giddi

deparlure

/3/
/6/

xudt phdt

bu giin
k^vo/ phia trcnE bia sau cia sach

/'kJnsanont/
13

Eveoday life

Extension: Reading and listening

Facts of life
1

How do we say larse numbers?

a
200
2,OOO
2,OOO,OOO

2.OOO.@O.@O

Nore rhat thcy do not end in 'r.

200 tM

hyndtctl 5,0N

15,OOO,OOO

six

thoutand

:.

45,900
4,OOO,@O,qJO

7,650,300

Look at rhc text. what do you thlnk the misslnA

Pradi*

saying

1a

ft6e

50

numbcrs.

100,ooo,ooo 22,soo,000 .

100

1,OOO 1t

75
59t
t:,e+O,AZj
22
9,300 157 916.500

b Work with a panner.

Complete the ixt with lhe numbers in a.

73,OOO,OOO,OOO

Dtscuss your ideas wirh the class.

Eil
4

r.5 Lis(en and che(k. How nrany numbers did you

Read thc texi ngain. Mark .hcse sntenccs Tfllr

I
2
I
4
t
6

(/)

dic.
asleep.
y.*.
hour.

Every hour about 5,700 people

You spcnd abou! l0% oiyour lilc
You blink approximately rwo million times a
McDonalds eell 9i6.500 hamburScrs iJl ooe
Thcre are nineten countries wher people drink more
alcohol rhan
Approximarely 500 planes take off every

Britain.

hour.

In the tcxt find capressions which mean the same

. approxi,matcly (lout possibilitiet). . to 8o !p.

6 which of rhe facts in the rexr do you think

.
.
.

>

or

the most $urprisinS?

rhe mosr inreresring?
the most depressinC?

.
.
.

as

arc

ftc

mosr pleasinS?
the lcasr inrerestinS?
fie most useful?
Sce Retlccting oD LcarninA 5: MakiDg mistakes pI20.

tr
!
il
U
!
fl

3
s
3

I
I

I
!

largc numbcr (phr)

/lo:d3 'n^mbo/

gucss (v)

/ges/

/frrls/

iaLse

(adj)

blink(v)

,ib:iTV

s6;tdn

chdp

ndt

i,

app.oximately (adv) /o'prrksomitli/

rdp

dcpress (v)

bm thAi vans

/di'ptcs/

hhuins

3
.,

ilvcrv hour ncarly 15,(X)o

babits arc born.'I'h(: w)rldl'
PUIruhri,,n inLrcJ. . l')

In one hour \blkswtlgcn

makes 166 cars at irs factory in
Wolfsburg, Gcrmany. In thc
snme period of riore rhc Ilcro
Eiclcle Co'rlpany of lndia

/o 1
'4 ..rnd rlr. rorl,l
st)ends ovcr s
i' L,r /lr' on

produces i l

l
l

In onc hour rhc Norld dr;oks

cans of cocd,c.Jla.
Js!:::
McDonald's hamburAe. shops

scrvc ll tti
In aliferime

of6t

years rhe

avcrage pc.son warches

bikcs

and thlr Revnold\ Tobacc.,

Compadl in rhe Unjred Srares

cusromers.

I'ct)plc buy e.ounh BIC

ballpo;nr pcns ro draq, a l;ne
round the equaror 160 rimes.

!cl.r;sbn Io. $rclvc rcars, and

sleeps for alnrrlsr:L)
ca.s.

{pprcximrrcl) jl:f
rlmcs ir x orinuic. I'r rhar
iamc 60 scconds )(,u brcarh(
;n

abour iiil

ri

)otr blink selcDrccr

riores.

t0

Y,u k,se berwccn

^nd

./.? _

litre af ss'eat daily.

hai.j

ln

one year pcol)lc

ir

Briraln

drink ?i lill ,, c p. (Jf (ct..

Per herd

b.cad

ficr

I'rd

car

,/ I

6t

loavcs

of

esgs.

Iach person drinks 216 pints

l,I
borrles
of rnirk,
ofwine and 207 pinrs ofbeer.
Bur Britain is onll r*cnrieth
in rhc Ieague of alcohol
<lrinking counrries.

Ir rrr huur urer

"
plines take offo. iand
soDewher in rl,e world, aod

th.rc n.e

recoi(lcd

l
)

l
l
l

popularion(n) /,prpju'leitn/

dAn

s6'

incrcase

tdng

lln

(v)
wcapon (n)
avemsc (adj)
slvcat 0D

/inkrj:s/
/wcpod
t {Jvbrittji

ua

hhi

/swcr,/

ballpoinr pcn (n) /btr:lprinl'pen/ bitbi

pint (n)
pdnh (.tat Di do ltrij/@
leasue (n)
llt gt
hiip hii
caIthquakc (n)
trdn d1ng .Jai

Anh bdns

A, 58

15

lit

2nppearances
Grammar
The present continuous tense
Grammar in use

Dcscrlbe lhe scene.

whl.h tense mura you

usc and why?

l!:7

5at

,l

rr

i
I
J

ud

continuous tcnsc (n)

sccnc (n)
16

thin

ngoai

tiip .li;n

quang cd.nh

Appearances

E 2.r

Read and listen to the text.

Choose someone in the picture.

Your partne. must ask Yes/No

a Aswer the questions,

r
2
,

quesrions to find out who

lvho is speaking?
Who is he watching?
who does he $ink they are?
does the run susped them?
Why does he change his mind?
what do you thinl ir rcally happenins?

why

I of6 Favcl to other counEies, so I spcnd l lot of time 1t airyoru.

To{hy I'fr tnvelling to Gre.cc ed ,t thc nom.nt I'm wiiin8 for
nf plan.. But I'm not wsting my timc. rwh.t.m I doirg? I'm
plrying my favourirc g.mc - pcopl.-w.tching. whercvr I h.vc thc
tifre, I w.t h othe. people.
T*e th1t couple, for .xnple. Thcy'lc buying m.g&ins at the
ho&nt. tu. they going on holiday or e th.y tnv.Iin8 on

3
a
I

diffcrent -iust now. I norm.Iy

(spend)- a lot of time

outdoors, b.osc lbo) to

thc cofftmction sitcs. But *1th this
- proicct I
nev
(sF6d).lor
of timc in t}lc *orkshop. At thc
moment we
(test) r modcl
ofon ofth -new bridges.
(nioy) it z lot, bcadsc
I
- a lot of ftv dinss.
I
0earn)

m.

Rules

look at the srory again.

Underline examples of rhe prerent conlinuour lnse with I, thet,
dd rl.. For ach oI rhem, find

Psitive statemeDt.
ncSative statement-

b How do we mke a.h ol there forms?

2 Look at the first paraaraph again.
a Two dillerent present tenses are used. Underlin examptes of each.
b What is each tense? Why is each tensc used?
> Chck the rules lor the present continuous tense in Grammar

l conrtiucrion

(build) roads,
btidges and things liLc tI.L At
t}le momdt my company
rbroducc) a Dl,r for r nd
notolwly. I usualy
(work)
h tlc rods depantnent, but tlis
(woih in th.
mooth I
- (build)
depaindt dut
bridges. So ny vhole working day is

lnt

(worD for

dmq

Thcy'rc going ro the dep,nure lounSe now. Quick. oh, jlst a

hinlte. Thcy'rc sayin8 goodbye ro ..ch o*8.. Th. womm
goins irto thc depirtEe lounge. Shc's rra&ing rwy. Oh wc[, it
lla3 dciting for. momeDt. Oh. what is sh. doing now? Shek
tdling to uotho
Thcy'!. kising. Now, I wond. ..., . ..

compoy. Ive

Thcy .rcnt vedng busines.lorhes, blr he'3 c,riying r

biicfcs. Ev.F/ fcw seconds rhc look5 round. Is sonconc folowing
dem? P.rhaps they'E tlJdiDg aw,y .nd - . . Jat e minute, th.rel r
stoF/ in thn ncspipci. A bank clql stolc onc milion poun& last
wect d dilapp.ar.d with his wif.. Th.re'3I pictsc ofthem herc.
Hlme, dEy look similai Th.tt itl Thc hon.y'3 in rhc bri.fce.

r
.

Put the verbs in brackets inro ihe

cor.cct presenl te.s.

buinesr?

I
a

is,

A At you thikking oljue one pe6on?

B yes.
A Is th. p.rso dL?
A So, it's a wonan. ts sh. nantling up?
a Ycs, the is.
A R the bulinq ton.thint?

Now discuss t}lese questions.

I
2
I

it

- z.-z I-isten ana check.

El
wnre about yourjob or studies. say
whar you normally do, and whal you
are doing at the momenL

d Work with a panner. Tell your

panner about yourjob or studies, and
answer your panners quesdons.

ImaSine you are people-watching.

a choose one or rwo more

peopl from

Practice

Write a story about them, usinS this

Test your

Wriie three truc and three false statemenis about the pictur,
using lhe preseDt continuous tenle.

partnert memory.

mt Mna,

n e

Read

en

at

the ekrasdts it canrirs

a bnefcate.

out your sentences. Your partner must rell you if thy ar

false, withour looking at the picaure.

(v)

/h,Epor/
(adv) /wenevo/ bdt ct l a nno
dA. p ng'dn ntdc
dan (n)
ldat

whenever
bridse

(n)

What do they do?

where do thy live?
why are they at the airpon?
What evidence is ther lor your

ar. nanCing ana blklng.

tue or
happen

.
.
.
.

kti($/

see Reflecting on Lea.ning 6:

Nouns p120.

construclion conpany (n) /kon'str^l.Jn'k^mponi/ cnnC U ray d(ns

positive statement (phr)
/pczotiv 'slcitmont/
(phr)
cau phl A.nh
negative slatement
/negotiv 'steitmont/

arnns
17

2 Appearanaes

Vocabulary
Physical appearance
'| Ldok at rhi$

,,1\',;.
.1"'l

lirt ot wordr lbr

dcr.ribins Dhysi.al appenr!ncc.

'1'r

tu'

thin tall fair short wara graen

handsom
lJat long young
dafi b/own good-loohing thick .
*tiaighr big blath bald
red
prctty blue clny slim grey .
small attctive old /-well-built

t'

Work in pairs or Sroups. Or8anize the

words into lour diflerent cateSorics.
Som words can belonS ro mor

$an

Compar your cate8orjes with

which of rhe words do we normally

only usc lor nrcn or for women?

Look at (h(' phorographs.

Rcad this d(sc.iption and drcide who

She s

quitc small and slim. She's got

fai. hak and blue ey6. He. hat is

Describe the other people, usin8

which ot thc words didn t you urc lor

any of thc phoros?

curry

(adj)

tk6:tt

wcll'buih(ad.,) /wcl'bil/
calcgory(n) /kErisDri/

qudn, xodn

bald (adj)

auracri!" (adj)
dcscriprion (n)

6rld/

h6i &iu
rA

lo'trektivt quin

is'kripJnt s{ ntiiu tti

Appea.ances 2
Vocabulary filer Describing people

Reading

Compete the tabLe wth al the words and phrases

ldvertlsements for descnb ng peope.

Lonely haerts
I
a
b

i.

the

Look at the adverts.

Match the adverts and photosWhich prson would you most like to

NEED A

wah up,
busines.

2 What questions will the advertisers ask anyone who

6t,

LovrNc.AFINER.I can

iron, and
md my osn

hdve ny osn hou*

I'm 6 feer tall, s@d-lmtins

lriendly, Surely therc\

an

inieuiscnt aenale our thcre fdr

anJ

a Work with

a partner. Choose one or two of ihe advertisers and

make 6 lisr of questions for each pe6on.

atrn(ivo,

ne/ If youte

Read out your questions. Can other studcnts Suess which

advenher is askins them?
UsinS your questions, roleplay

rHsrD I n borhg for s nr and good-looking

guy silh an excinq! Mslyld lE & livelv
lbn8-haired 23_tar_old snd I love to hale I
good timo. My int resls dc lennjs hanSslidinC, and discos

l'los

send s

fte phone converarions wirh

Language focusi havelhove got

pholqraph

Look at these two sentences lrom the advertisements.

I have my awn house.
I've got two children.

.,!t

with hove and hove got, how do we form

O{JTCOWG MALE, 30,

FM{E.Trtto,shod.da .orratr.IdobtGrc,
br you mu hav.; sod scNc ufhuft r
And you nut likc docs. I,v.
cor rht Csll

sd

fvs 8ol
a Hr, r'M traNNAH. I n dtvorcod
vith
foruos
selv
in
ny
tvo cbildrrn. In
quiet
!
ovos.
Aio
blus
h0jr
ed
vou
blonds
respon6ihlo

.S

nd

antur tho s@3 !Ae? Yo!

short answe?

Wfen do we use hove and hove got? What are the differences

>
d

Check the rules for hovelhove got in Grammar Refernce 2.3

nsr

Wolk with a padner. Ask and answer abolt the list below Find
out more infomat on, (Your answeE needn't be honestl)

a
a
a

complte.

pet
bike

*' .**

rs a

*
"*" shtrro I

REs"ciABG
d^6 oD. I m lookjng tor sonone to

mv lrle.

I lite to ksvel d Im slwsts

BriLo to
{ini!fl to lotrn rcw thitrss Ploaso

Gooo JoB

Aro tors oF MoNEy.I,n

for

a swimming-pool
a house or a fiat
any children
a fa( machine

With a new padner, ask and trswer abolt your previous pa.iners.

conputet?

3
a

ar intcre$ins and affe.tion

phone
job
sisters

ExAMPLE

slin and
pktty 25-yeapold ruR with dar! hair rnd
bom cy6. II yout youns and welt-off call
J^YNE

a bo!,friend/9i/frierd
a mobib
an interesting
any brotheE or

Hos Moia qot o

Does Motio have o

Do you have a conputer?

YOU UKEME?AFE YOU 17,20?ANE YOU

Dolou sir at homc in thc eveninss wirh

rbrbins b dol h your bs friend a compub.r
P1e6. Mire ro ne. Id love ro hea. fiom you.
sHY?

Hove you gat o conputet?

conputer?

Yes, she

Write your own advcrr,

a Fi.st look al thc languaSe that

/tl o . . .
d@9 lt's o . ..

ys, she hos.

is used in the adve.ts lor describing

rhe kind of panner you are tookin8 lor.

b Wdt an adven for yourelf or lomeone ehe.

tin bqn sense of humor /seDs ov 'hju:mo/ iic ,lDi ,{../&

non-smoker (n) /,nrn'smrkoG)/ nstdi hh6ng
hqp di hdt h6n
ai tinn, tuo d.u"e
widow (n)
easy-going (adj) /'i:zi,CouiI/
respectable (adj) /ri'spckl3bl/ ddns hinh
hans-glidins (n) /'hcrlslaiditi,/
phong ltu
than m1t va tho,ii mdi
well-off(adj)
ollgoing(adi) /autgouin/
lonely heart (phr)

/'lounli'hols/ nhttnE nEtdi mu6h

fin

ddu

/'wel'r:fl

hft thu&

!9

2 Appearances

Listening and speaking

Making arangements
El

.2..r

rwo

people are trying

to anange a meetinS, Listen

and answ.r these questions.
I Who are the two peopl?

2
2

What tcn* do they use lor

talking abour their arrlngements?

Look at the two diary pages.

a can you

E).a.:

any mistakes in the

se

usten again and

onen
2.ro Mnri4 {ith 'n4'r'

$;;ri-i

-'i:-_'

Language focus

I
a

Tim. prepositions tr, or, df

Complete these exprcssions with
lhc corect preposition,

onat@n

Nning
-1O.@ -the
-niddoy -Thug6y
-Tuesdoy -2,3Ononing
-hight
-ke
b Loot
at bp6c.ipt 2.3 rtd dtck

Compl.te the rules.

We use

with times-

We use

wifl prls

W use 2

wih

of thc

days.

Thc present .onti.uous with

W lsc

tie

present continuous

tens. to ialk about anangements in

the luture. How do wo know it

Are you doiog oDything on Tuesday?

t

ploying tennis at 7.@.

Look at the completcd diaries. Say

what cach peBon is doing this

Alan's keeting sane people

Poland on Mondoy

arrangement

(n)
(n)

diary
mistakc

20

(n)

fton

nonlng.

/o'reind3mouv su sdp dp, st chudn bi

/'daiDrv
nh't k!

/mis'tciv

s4

nhdn I'tn

midday (n)

/middei/

budi trda

cxbibition (n)
rehearsal (r')

l,cYsi'biIil

tri;n IAn
sttd.iin6. p

/ri'ho:sY

cu6c

Appearances

Pronunciation
Consonantsl intonation
Voiced and voiceless consonants
Sone con$.anrs arc voiced and some arc voicelcss. Wh.n you
say a voi.ed consonant thele is a vibration in your $roal. WheD
you say a voiceles consonanr, there is no vibration. The

voiced/voi.eless differe.ce can olten show lwo differen! words.

Pui your iin8c6 on your lhroar and say these soLrnds. Wrile vacrd
,nd vr,i?/.$ nexr ro rhe tulrctr lin.
I
\/" ! ' I
b. .dt s' tv. 1r./ ry . kt/ .tu w'
lpl lW
lst tw /l/ lq

ll

-z.a r-i,ren ana

lct (/)
Se

8i.l
Con'.,ersation pieces:

Making arrangements

pic

big

pull

bull

.Look at these erpressions.

ihe words lhat you hear.

pick

pic
rapid

cum

Which.Jthem can you find

i.

2 Question intonation
Are

you doihg onythiog

Con we
Would

,.

As a Seneral rule inrcnadon rhes on

.?

Do yau

El

ls ... ony good fo. youT

Yes,
Yes,

earlt?

Yct,I .lo.

2.5 Lisren- Is it a sratemeDt or a qucsrion?

Q in rhe table.

Tick s or

... is fine lor ne.

... is OK wik ne.

I con't

g.t ry

Yes/No question and lalls

--\

""'----7

...?

you like to ...?

noke ...

^lo,
Na,

I'n sory. ... is no goad ntr ne.

Work with a padmr. Try to arange

io meet. Use the expressions above

b
c

t.i
t,

Sunday 11.oO Tu*day

the

El
El
El

z.,l Listen ro the senrences and check your answers.

2.6 Lisien again and repea!.
z.z tntonation onjy rises on YevNo qustions. lD w}i-

questions, lhe intonation lalh. Listco lo thcsc examples.

afternoon this evening

Saturdayevening tomonow
Do

*ii**l

----t\

yaa live neat herc? Were

do

to'l

live?

Mark lhe jntonarion curve above each question.

Arc you frce on Sundoy?

No,
t'ot

l'n

I
2
I
4
5
6

sorry. Sundoy is no good

ne. Wat obdut Mgndoy?

Y,.s,

Ma^doy's line

tu ne.

3 Makc your own diaryp.8e.

a lill your diary wilh somc
arrangemens ldr.ext week. Leave

Work in a group oI four. Try to lind a

What's your name?

Have you got a pen?

whai do you do?

what are you doing?
Do you enjoy it?

Are you goirg out tonight?

I EJ 2.s Ljsren, check and repeat.

s lvork vlnh a panner. Ask

/'v)isiis'krnsononl,/
vibrarion (n)
gum (n)

and answe..he quesUons.

(n)
rabbit (n)
bull

sr/ runE

dins

inronation

/bul/
/'tebitl

bh

dlc
thi

con

(n) / ,tnto'r'f,ci|n/ ngi di.au

z1

2 Appearances

Extension: Listening and speaking

Talking about your family
1
a

Look

r( rhis p:roro of cloria and her (amily.

Dis.uss ftcse qucslions.

I
2
I

b E

.z.c Li$cn ro Cbna blkinS abotll $e lhoro

and chck your idas. Hcre are thc names sh

Whar is hnppnin8 in lhe photo?

wl)o do you think fte pcople are?
what reladon do you think lhey are ro Cloria?

Oliver father Albon

Marion Bn
R.bcc6

mothcr

losh

c Whar can you rcmmbcr abour each person?

d One peEon m.ntioned irn'r ir rhc photo, Who is it
2

Glgtia
extcnsion (n)
rc'arion (n)

22

/iks'tnJr/ s( md r6nA

lri'leiIn/

stt quan

hC

menriun

(v) /menjr/

F_--

tr-n6i&h

Appearances

work with a partner. Tell your '

Partner about yo!r family, usinS
family photos, il possible.

Vocabulary fjle: Families

Look ar tn4. wor& .nd G,(p.G$ioE for ralking about a
family. Check that you undcrstard thc manitrgs-

a
b
c

Complete the

merlalglalls

Writc a rhor. description of your

family.

list.

First read Gloria's description of

C-mplete the list ot family .elationships.

h.r

Iamily.

Can you add any morc lamily words or expressions?

6 cheunatfirn. Hzl e:atunat

a a^t nt,noth* t. t.at\e.
A l'y. totot.,irt.t, c,.,
O btutlut. l''. th. t..c,t.h;td;s
O th. f.^it,
M.tic,t,, th.
O t
q cltut.'tt.,,
3tel nanict and het
Lutbail't r.ta. i, A,to,l
O
- fh.t''.

wife

,.*

Ml

fahiq
O Mlf.th.t,)otk, fu.

Morc family expr$sioni:

;
to b expcting a baby

lat.Ltu.hizan-

teo

o M, b'oth,r r.^i.Ii ttill

o ttdyi\t uri,.ttitr'H"t
tirtL.t,h. ^on t t, b't k't
o .rt'!.t.
,ti, fi.n i." r.d' it
o
o
ttt ht.tti.A l.t, /..t to
o t|li*r.lh
*ny
o chiltt.tl /.t,ten'tb,.t httt
e.'t.
o ll.ssi,tt to h$. tb*!
?
IO

lo
lo
b

wdre about your lamily, sivins

infomalion abour

.
.
.
.

rnariral status (n)

cngagc to (v)

niece (n)

your marital starus.

your paane! (ii any).
your childrcn {iI any).

ti,th t:ang h()n nhAn

/in'Eeid3/

separate (v)

fianci (n)

your bro6ers and sisters (if any)

aDd your position in the lamily.

ry thdn

/fi'o:nsei/
cltdu edi (con cia anh, chi, em)

23

3 Life stories
Grammar
The past simple tense
Grammar in use

Look at this informatton.

c'l gat ryq!:cd wtrn yor arc 16,

bot yoo rccd tour parEnir' pctmisim until pQ arc
18. ln S.ottand, h6stvr, ]6u en gct menied at
In England you

rdfo{uhii So yourg Englbh p.opL 'llo

eatn to 8.t mffried *itho.n dlcir p.lcnt''
pernlsrion oftcn nm asay (clope) ro Scodud.
Thc trrditicnal plecc fot drcrc wcdding Ir Crcrna
Grc.n, a vtllae. just over the Scoalrh border.

-16

cdnp.It lI

Read ahc newspapcr articlc.

a Answcr lhcJc qucador*I who rr thc p.ople ln *lc piciur6?
2 Whar did rh. rwo youlg pcopl. co?
I llow did thc girl's morhcr fccl about this?
4 whar did sb. do?

what happcned inthc end?

qucsrloia, .
what do you rhink aboi't thc p.opl's bchavlor
Wbo do you thlnk ia io blam?

Discuss rhcse

r
2

to your own (ountry.

What do you lhink is rhc righl agc !o 8cl marlicd?

Gretna scene

?t

l,{r Lc<uttn !.n.

oot, ME Scbaft. rcpp.d

h.r. sh. tLu!.d .r l'.r uii

pullcd hcr

hi!.

Wbcn

MdB t.i.d to h.lp hi!

motb.t, MB Schc.r.. tir
EVEN for GrGr@

hifr io rh. 3.offih. Th.o

G(ecd,

thit e.t . stnn8. ssry.

ih. d6rc h..

!i|l. I!i.,

rlU L.!.fl| l..Ecr

n M6

C.nir ."1

edit t-

Sdb-d .pdosiad.
th.y (M. out of

.bor $c rcddin8
uotil lhc followinS w.ek,
md rhcn Mr5 Schffi w$
ro roAly thlr 3hc .tr(k.d
byrhing

Mui. 6Bt met Mlrcu3

eh.. !h. w3 ooly I ,. Th.t
f.ll in lovt .!d i,h.a l,{.ric

t.t 16, sh. IGG hm. .nd

lird with l"(|rs $ his

sdilcd

L-

rnndmothcis h()E. nr.y

dcddd to 8cr fr&rid. But

Mdic ss orly 16 lnd h.r
FEn$ didn t leEle!!. io
thcy r6t to Gctm G...o.

A r..k 1n.., Msric's

th. locll
n.wrprF. rod tlw .
morhlr opcn.d

phoroS.$h of !n. brid. md

gt@n. SIE

pe.mission(n) /po'mion/
clopc

(n)

/i'loup/

bridcgroon(n) /braidgurn/
artcck

(v)

lo'ttfkl

ennt blrpy

.od .h. blo.d M..cur'

m.h6. Sh. nitd ou..i&
rbc l!.c!rti. hor's , od
s(cho pvp
tfth di theo tmi
ch'i rd
tdn cang

tE

21, 1

lr. s {r

.ll

roo.rh.r, .h. sid,

unEoyq(vl
blamc (v)
spoloeizc (v)

!9180
ouri,

.d dd: I
hop. tb{ in tin. wr o.ll
M{n

M.rcu Lc-Cultis, 2I. and

M.ri. S<h.Gr, 16, lren'r
ruBsF. Th. brjd.8(om 3

no.h.rErth.l,.dding
{d io r.c t*.nry odEr
gucn.. Bur .h. b.id. s
p.Rrrs *.ro r ih.i!. In
f.ct, thcr didn r kno*

ioto

'Sl!d.o- ln .owr tod.y M6

/o'pru:v/
Alcirn/

tr

tinthnnh

dil6i
lo'prl}dS^izJ ti4l6i

Life stories 3

2 After abe ..ial. a reporter asked

Rules

Find exanrplcs of the past tcnse of thc verb

to re (positive and neSativc) lD the lexi.

How do we form the past shnple tensc

a
b

Undrline examples of reSular verbs in thc lext.

>
3
a
b

of

,
4
t

Wh.re/ th. wdding

Why/ you/ not ther
How/ you/ find out/ about

it

,ry

sec p29 for tn pronunciation of

-rl

Anyon/ kyl to stop you

b What do you think Mrs Scheareis answeE were?
c B J.l Lisren and check.

endinSr.

many common verbs arc irreSular and don't

follow the -.d rulc.
Ut all rhe irrcSular verbs in the txt-

3 Here is another

fa

strange romance story fronr a

a Write th nory, using lhis inlormation.

b what do you think about the people?

Wrir rhe inffnitive for each vrb.

m..t met
4

W.ite the questions, usin8 ftis inlormation.

I Whcn/ Marie/ mecl/ Marcus
2 Whcn/ she/ leavc/ home

Whar do you notice about thc spelli.g ol ahcsc

verbs iD th past simple tense?

t'riL ttoP

M.s Schearer

ldl

complete these rwo sentenccs ftom ahe acxt.

Ii laet, th.y
antthing about the *tdding
until the lolloteitlg fleek.
Motie \/as o,1ly 16 and het parcn^

B
. How do -wc make
.
.
5

th nSative form of thc past

simple tensc?

whar pan ol the verb lollows didn'fl

-.
Is it fte same for regular and irregular ve$s?

Look ar these questions from an intcrvlew

with Maric Schearer.
Wne
Why

Stewan McKay/ lall ln love wi&/ Jane

gct madied/ bur th.rcl be/ problem
both/ have a do8/ andl dogs/ hale each other
Stewan and Jan/ not wan get dd of the dogt

Marcltt palentt at the wedding?

w6 lob mothet an!ry?

Wh.n did you

nc.t l4arclt?

lau lie. togethet?

How do we mak pasl simplc quesnons with ,o
Did

a
b
>

How do we make qustions

decidc/ liv apan/ i{hilc doSs/ alivc

live/ 40 miles apart/ three ya$
nol se/ each othcr very oflen
lifc/ be/ vry expenrive
spcnd/ a lot ol mony on phone calls and travel
last weck/ Jane's do8/ die
Jan./ gol lo live wi$ Stewan
Jane/ said/ it/ nol be/ easy to liv. apan
I/ not love/ my dog more tiran Stcwart/ but/ l/
nor wanv Sive her up

,r?

with orher verbs?

Chck thc ruler lor tlle past simpie tense

in

Crammar Rclcrcn.e l. rPractice

Compleie these sentcn.es with tbc past simple

of the verbs in brackets.
I Maros, molher and arandmother-(be) ar
Ihe wcddinS, bur Mariet parenls
know) anything about it.

2
l
4

fu

Mrs Schcarr

ous when she

thc weddirlg Phoro in a newspaper.

-(be)
She-{write)
lo thc ncwspaper-(nor
and
-(see)
(complair) about the pholo.
Mrs Schearer-(not
speak) to hcr
dau8htcr when ftey-(appear) in coun.

t Mari_(say)

_(not
bccause she_

thal sh

ansry with her morhcr,

(undcrstand) how her morhr
bnckets
furious
court

(r)

/'brki/

(adj) /tuoriov

(n)

/kr:i/

llecl

- dtn
ddu ngodc
etin dA
ba dn

b)

Work with a pannr. Write ten questions rha!

repo(er might ask Stewart and Jan.

d Roleplay the inteNiew, using your quesrions.

Choosc one of these topics.

. IIow did your parents mcet?
. How did you meet your panner?

work in pai.s or smatl groups. Tell your Sroup

about your ropic. and answcr their qucnions.

b Write about one of th topics.

) .

Se

appear (v)
rcnunce srory

Rcllecting on Lc.rning 7: Verbs

(n)

role-play(n)

pl2l.

/o'pio (rY
,udt hiin
/mu mens'str:ril oA,u chqen tinh Ens nan
v6c d6nE aai
ftoul'plei/

3 Life stories

Vocabulary

Reading

Money

The Witch of Wall Street

I
a
b

Look ai this list of words

assoclated with money.

wealthy poor sell rich bry

stoct qchange mean fodune
<heap generous td free pay
stocks and shares bank cost
millionake price work count
qp.nlive prope.ty diarnonds
job jewelle.y mortgag. lose
we can organn lhc words into a
spidergram lik lhis:

Look at the titlc ofthe ar.icle and ahe photo8taPh.

What is Wall Slrct? Where ls it?
What do you thlnk lhe story Ir aborit?

fJc(ly Rol,irs"n ,1
IllcArnt all nbout
money whcn sbo was

vcrJ young/As a child,

shc rnd th finrncial
p gos of the newspapcr to
her wcalthy fathcr- Ircr
fathrr died whon Hetty
wus 30 ycars old end

sht irherilcd S1
million. whcn shc
hersdf died in
1916, she left a

sell

almost $10()
million to

buy
I

--'- \
exP^:sive

childron.

cheaP

H;,l:;",,",
complete the leSs oI lhe spidr8ram
wilh words lrom the list. somc words
may 80 on more ftan one leg.

Compare your spidergram witl'r

can you

add

fina cial genius.

sho nude nuruy so etNily
Shc lvas

!hrl pooplc callod her the

y mole words to your

spidrgram?

look at fie words again. choose

words drat best desqibe

Y0rk sbck r:rch{ ge.

a millionaire's litc.

\{itll

ot \Yali Slrcel. But

rlrhough sho wos one ol (irc

ir thc world.
very nrr.[- Shc

rntrosl womon
sho was

counld {,very cenl and sho

sp{rnl. as

lilllo

didn l own

os lossiblc./She

)rouso- bccauso

she didD'|, want (o pay

p.oterty rdosl

So shc

and hor

.hilCrcn liled in cheap holels.

w.ah'ty

(adj)

gi,nu cd
/welOi/
(n)
/'sbk ik'deindr/ thittunne chtng khodn
stc,ok exchange
/mi:d
heo hiat
mean (adj)

generous (adj)

mongage (n)

/'m)teid3/

inheril (v)

/in'hri/

fortunc (n)

st cdm cd
thikl hc'
ga' s'in

Lfe stories 3

Read the article quickly and answer thse

I
2
I
4
t

Read the araicle agaiD. Mark these sentences

'Itue

who was the Witch of Wall Stret?

whn did she live?
who were Ned ard Edwad?

I
2
I
a
t
6
7
8

Watl Street
arhr \Fnr !lur^L nodnrs rr clothc5. dnd $orc
J,i, ,-''" ,'*^ l',* 0.i,, -*r' o"I,. tr," "
wish.d I'ersclf/bvl r' sav, sual' shc unly wi\ltcd
'l
tb. h.rl,'m ,'l Lhd drr\s wlr:rr Lou.hed lh.
'L
ground. Olhor p.ople hrd tlnir orvn ofiices, but
"
/r' ut us"d tr d,5[ rh. bd,rk wlFre rl," lcpt lnr
manry.

br.ausr ir Lli.ln r r,,sr MlLrrinS.Flitr

$c bank
rnd

9
l0
4

I
2

sar in

n,l{lstocks and sharoJ. It th{i baDk

dlhcr

I
4

money k)

LJcltys hmiiy paid thc pfl' e tor hcr n! ann.ss.

Ihvh.n sh( wff 33 5he marricda Fillionalr., I
F,lrdnrd

ir

Crccn

sanl

&11

Epryllll

hospil lo. poo. people. LrDforl tr.loly ahe doctor

kn6v thal llelry was rich and he lskcd lor moncy.
Hcily roli$cd end took thc boy away. Iris log didn t
gel bcttr and lwo ycars lalor doclors rcmolod it.

,\l lhe age

ofnilk.

So

angry that she I8d a stroke and diod.

lleuvs,nrandcss fitrluv krlled her. Ncd

inlprilod tnlf his rnother's tortu', ddfhy'qpcnt

even bought a

:l

chanbcr pol covcrd with

complain
rctuse

(v)

(v)

rmove (v)

&pl,hhA

/kom'plcir/

ph.dn

ncn

ht1)!:a ttchot
/ri'nu:v/ &bd

g
a

tr
tr

... thol ...

oigty.

She hod o stroke.

Hetty ber,ke e aogy thd she hod s shoke.

join thasa scntences in lhe same way.
1 Hetty was mein. She rcfused to pay for a
Ned's lnjury was bad, He losr his leg.
9E could buy antdting.
She u/s clever. She madc millions of dollaG.
Hetty mad money rsily. Pople called hr
th. Wtdr of Wall Street.

Hctty vr6 ddr

a work in groups and discuss ideas lor $e story.

b Wrire rh slory, using ihis format:

/soup/

E]

THE KINDEST MAN IN THE WORLD DIES

.
.

soap(n)

tr

Look at thls newspaper headliue.

it

allon par es, holidays aud xpcnsive je'v()llory. I lc

Look at these two sentencsl

Sho

hecame s0

tr

Giv (hrce reasons why H.!ty war .aiied lhe

Witch of WalI Street.
What do you thint is
t the worrt xample ol Hetty's meaDners?
. the funnics. exampl of her meann6s?
. ih. morl intcresting pan of the srory?
. llle most iroDic pan of her Me?
why do you thint Heny was so mean?
Do you know any othr examples oI mean

2
3
4
5

ol81 Helty had an argumc l with a shop

asshtnnl about the prico of o bol1lo

The se.ond sentence is the resllt of the iirst

ssteice. We can shw it lik dlis

a doctor, so sl,o tool' him rc a 1.""

ul cvontually Ned gol. his revcnge.

she manied a rich man.

She sent her son !o the berl hospital
in N.w York
She did tn an a..ident.
Iler son lnvested h.r money.

Hetty becone

his no.cy, so letrylcfi-hirn.

rvh. hcr son, Ncd, injure(l his kncc, ilelty didn t
holvevor, Iosr

Sh hcw a lot about nnaDce when

she was youDg.
She owncd a big house.
She didn't have many clolhes.
She sent her dodes lo a laundry.
She rcntd m office in Wall StEer.
She had lun.h in restauraats.

Language focus: so

tboy had-$!o childterr. Crcon,

w.t.

Discuss.hcs questioN.

lnd atc hcr sandwi{hes .'hilo shc boughl

co$plaircd. shejusL movod

o. Falte (n- Corcct the falre sentences.

she came from a poor falntly,

she.lidn't eon I'od a pootla ilt. H.r paten\

Whar war srarSe about her lile?

How drd sh di?

'n

lll

The badc details of his lilc

EEmpl.s of his kbdrcss

How hG di.d

rcvenge (n)
stroke (n)

invcst (v)

/ri'vond3/

/stroulv
/in'vst/

s( tA thn
srt d4t sut
tllu ut

27

3 Life stories

Listening and speaking

Telling your life story
I

c.off

ls teuln8 SaUy about his life.

J.2
lirren. In column A, numbcr th( places wherc ccoll
EE
livd in rhe .orre.r ordcr.
b Makh rhe photographs Io the places in cotumn A.
c M cb Ue placcs in colulrn A ro an ilm in columns B and C.
d lEi J.2 Listcn asain and cb.ck.

scottana

(,

! Manched.,
! srne"po'. I
E ro"ao" f

p..

El

canada c

tr

ceofi weni ro unive.siiy

father's company cLosed down

.ight yars i;

Discuss these questlons.

I Whre does the convcrsation tak place?
2 Why docs Geoft say: 'It's dilnflrlt to say.'?
I Whar posiriv and ncgative ellros do you lhink
this had on his lite?
4 What do you fiink of CcoIfS life? Does it sound

intr$ting/borinS/dif

q'

fi

cuh?

Writo a sumntlry ol cr,offs life, u5in8 the hblc in

ile lat na.rh. b.aLnit) bfi.:aa

Conversation piecesr Life events

Look .t th.se crprcasion3,
twsbomin...
lbst ny job.

..

I grcw up in
I stoded sch@t

I Ltt

in

school

I wos unenptoyed.

in

...

...

t untu.tsitylcoll.ge
jh ...
I got o job in .
I w.hr

I srortcd wotk

1 Talk.boui

the foctotylforn close<t dom.

Wc mov.d to ...
Wc stotNdllived the.. lor ...
I got thoii.dldieirc.d.
My grandlothet dicd.

your llf..

a Makc a list oI kcy v.nrs in your lile w'lh tmes and placer.
b Work with a panner. Tell your panncr your lilc nory, usinS lhe
I

exprssions above. Answcr any quesrions rhar your pann.. asks.

Wrlt youi llfe saory.

srardfathcr
rakc flace

(n)
(v)

uocmployd

di\Jrcc

{!,

closc down

/'8.endibi0,/ 6ng 69i' nEqi)

/rcik

pleis/ diin,a

(adj) l,An;m'plriu

tv)

,di\,:s/

th'6it nghi4p

lrd!rch6ns-u', )

4^lot)s tJJuoJ dung

db

hdn tnAialA

h&t d4a:)

Life stories

Pronunciation
-ed endingl word stress
The past simple -ed ending
The regula! pas! simpl -rr'ending can b

pronounced in rhrcc dilfercnt ways,lt, tdt andlA/,

Malch rhe cndines lo the correcl type of verb.
r when the verb nds with a voiced consonant
e-a. nb - tobbtd, us. - 6.d.
2 Whn the vrb .nds with a voiclcss conronant
e.B.

ualk-walk d.Iaurh -

e.E. want

-=,

t,;:.:,:

.-*.,,,

,,,1

- vankd, n..d- n

.ded.

Complele the tablc with lhes verbs.

?attacted blm.d i
:::,,,,:t:'y'

laughed.

When the vrb nds wilh /V or /d.,

promised

waited

A helped pushcd
counted st .ted I watchd livcd
avoidd talk.d : samd t!m.d
likcd

decided

c E r.t urr.n. check and repeat.

Word stress with two syllables
ln words wiih more than one syllabl we usually
nrss only onc of lhe ryllables.

say $se words. Which syllable has rh $r.rs?

Ma* $e syuable with rh nrers.

slldy
money

qustion aitack

machin. headache
t.nnis
number
p,J-**
poplc
"9.r
child..n sorry
colou.
model fo.|
rpdt

pidur.
5pelling

extra

rddrers
divorc.d
hustnnd

b E l.-t Linen, chck and rpcar.

c whi.h syuable utually has th srrss?
count (v)
avoid (v)
prornisc (v)

/kauny'

lb'vri,

trdnh, ngdn ngita

push (v)

lpr.!/

n6

rurn (v)

toiol

spell (v)
modcl (adj)

/spcl/
/'mrdl/

diin, tinh

ddl
ttu:l

qt@!,

rttnh v'in
niu mtc
29

3 Life stories

Extension: Reading and listening

Shark attack!
,l

The illustration shows a scene from a true story.

a Whar do you think happened?

b wlat othei words do you expe.l to find in the article?

what do you thirrk Rodncy

did after tbe attack?

The para8raphs of the magazine article are in the

a Number the paragraphs in the conct order.

b How did you decide on rhe order? what clues did you

Look at this list oI idear. what o

porsibilities can you think of?
. Ee $aned a campaiSn to stop
spear-ffshing.
. He became a docior.
. E staned to srudy shark.

use?

El

J.5 usten and check your order.

d which words in your lis! did you find in tle rext?
c

Language focus: Adverbs and adjectives

Complete the o'ahple sentences ftom the text.

.
.

He gave up spear-ffshing.
He hunted the shark that atta

him.
He tried to kill

IIe staned a campaign lo pror

rhe grat white shark.

He never went in the sea agai

ExAMPLE

to tht sutfcce.

Work with a partner and rnake I

choice. More than one may be cr

Adjecrives descrlb a noon.

EXAMPLE

Hetuwatuh
b Find these words in the text. Are they advebs or adjectives?
c Which verb or noun does each wod describe?
suddenly huge
well
long
quickly tusl
hard
small
great
carefully despeately big
annual safe
dangerous large

Discuss your choices with the da

El 1.6 Listen to the resr of rh

story and check your ideas.

Discuss thse qustioDr.

Wllat did Roatney Fox do and
what do you thinl of xodne)

r
2

4 write

the ffnal para8raph to

complete the story of Rodnel

Check the rules for adverbs and adjectives ifl Grammar

Se

Relle.ting on Learning

Conection
article (n)
rope (n)
spearsun (n)
surrac (n)
desper!tely (adv)

30

/oIikY

h$pl
/spia,g^Il./

d.pne cu dd pung

m6t cti.ch turat

8:

pl2l.

annual (adj)

bd.i bdo
dAr thirng

/rlcsporitii/

as many shark

possible.

Adverbs describe a verb.

Fot lbared

bus (adj)

dnn cd

wng

campaisn (n)

/hjn:d3/
lke,m'peinl

cu.6c

shark (n)

fio:W

cri

vin

r$p

,,

j.

fl

Other spea.r-frshers heard hiln and

hurtied to help hirn. They liftd hiln
carefully illto a boat and took htn to
the beach. The neatesl hospital was 60
kilorretres away and dutlng the long
iourney one of the spear.fshers held
fox's in6ides in place. trt the hospital
he needed 462 6titche6, but he
6utvlved,
D So he kicked the sh.tk's rose hatal and
It turned away. But lhen lt attacked the
ish on the buoy. It swallowed llte
buoy and the fish. It dived .lor'vr
and the rope on hiB belt nulled
fox under the water again.
Jl It was 1963 and nodney for
was in ihe sea oIi the coa6t of
South Australia. It was the
annual spea!-fi6hing
cha.rnpionEhip. lor did well

lle thought that this was the end. He

fought desperately, but the big shark
pulled hiln doY''n and down. Then
suddenly the rope broke and fox
,loated slolvty to lhe surface. rshark!
Shatkl'he called.
O Quickly he pushed his nngets into the
shalk's eyes. The shark opened its
mouth and Fox escaped, switnning as
last as possible to the 6urface. He
thought he was safe, but when he
Iooked down he saw the 3hark'6 huge
mouth just below hirn agaiD.

O Near the end of the day, he looked

dotYl and saw a large 6sh on lhe
sand below hi.rn. He dived down
to get it. Suddenly sornethlng
hit hiln. It knocked the spear
gun from his hand and
pushed hirn tlrough the
wate!. He looked lound and
saw lhat he rYas in the
mouth of a shark. It was a

xope ftorn lhe buoy lo his

gteatwhite shark, one of

the largeEt and hosl
dangerous aharks in lhe
lrorld.

(v)
(v)

belt,

escape

/is'kcip/

tdii

divc

ldaiy/

Ldn (ru6tE

sparfish
buoy

(n) /spiofiJ/ di

(n)

tbrit

thaatt

cd Nh'6r

nrfic)

slitch (n)
surviv (v)

/stitJl

ml.i hhnu

/so'vaiv/

s6hg s6t

&tn
31

4The

future

Grammar
will; first conditional
Grammar in use

I
2

Look at the titlc of thc arricle. Wha. ls i. altout?

Read thc tcxt and tick

! ,".
-E
Ll

(/) wha.

ahc

prizewtnncrs will do.

'

,how u, u w."t End thcaEc

" t}le holcl in a
u
go !o
L/
have dinner ar rhe savoy Hotcl
so ro auclingham Palacr

raxi

meet the $tars oI lhe show

llavl in a limousine

fl

bavc dinner wiih

danc at a nlehklub
go back ro rh'e hotel aftcr thc rhor
nay ar !h RluHor.l

G
Ll

th. sLrs oI ihe

IRAVEL MON|HLY

lI you are our lucky winne.,

have the best night of your I

our ex<iting (apital cily. Your
to aemembeJ will start when
affive in London. lf you arri!
train or but, orrr representativ.J
met you at the statioh.

Wegt End Shows

'Sunset Aoulovard

'Sta bht Exp.ess

Cambridq6 Theatre
'Fame - fhe Musical'
Orury lan Thsavo

New London Theaire

will you stay?

Our limouline will rake you i
world famo6 Savoy Hotel. You'l
some time to rela)( betore din
you're ri.ed after the journey. I
Whero

will be a fi!.-.^,,-"

meal

(hampagne in the hotel.

what will you do?

Ihen our limoutine willtake you
theatrc to lee a Wert End ehow.
have the best reatt in ihe hou
after the show you'll qo backst

meet the rtar5. And th.t won t

end of your night to remember
the iheatre you'll go to a top I
niqhr(lub, whre you lldanceth

nguni durr giAi

prizcwinncr (n)
palacc (n)

tp".list

cuns dien

li'nousinc (n)
compcrition (n)

/,krmpDliJrt cu&. thi

titi/

/irsaitirl
thann p6'uio n
exciting city (n)
(o)
z.ntbtiv
I $pr i'
dqi dit n
rcprescntadvc
tive-couNe mcal (tr) /faiv krrs mi:Y bila dn ndn tutr
backslase (n)

/ba"ksreidJ/ hauhhnc

1
a

Look at thc

lcxt atain.

.
.
b
c
2
a

a
a

poslrlv statement (a lonS and

Degativc statemenr

!ho(

form)

Thet ll s.e a thow ar a wen End Theate.

Thq won t go to th. hokl ir a t6L

2
a

How do wc make these forms?

Whcn do w. us wi[ {or the future?

Comparc e/l !o thc Dse oI the present
contlnuous r,r,ith future meaning.
W

rf you win thc competition, what will you do?

Makc qucsdons using this infomation and qrl.
How will lou g.r to

l,re eill in first condi.ionals.

Complcl thsc scntcnes from

t w -!!-

4
5

out I'tctE winneL you

-Jr!!-!L-the b,!'t nighr oj yout lile in

ow exciting
You

in
night

by

life

----r

IT

-d!!-tted alet

the

3 Herc ls some morc ilformation about the comperirion.

jownet.

a Match

complelc thc rulc:

In flr$ conditionals wc use the

Ex^MDl-Es

If tou aftiye

Iens in thc

+r.j,rlc--in

,/dase

W.'

rhe main dause.

in A and

a clause

onditional.

in B. Make complete

snrcnces

(.

ow t.prctentative n iU meet you at tht station.

tbut hone if rou liw i" London.

by traia,

ullect ,ou

fto

senrenes talk about the past,

Do the

have time to go to the

prer.nt or thc future? What does rhe

fid ondidonal dcrcdbc?

t;,

collcct you from your hone

havc sone time to reld

Chcd thc ruLs for l{a and rhe fiEt

$ndftional in crammar References

Mrn,
Ctu { Thtu S.q

tdtk,th
L,Mt saa

vith Cir

Cani.

-d, R*kd

our limousi.e/ take yo!

rally enjoy the nightclub

want to do some shopping

Etu\r,

want to see London by night

our representative/ met you at

w^ ^; a, a,^,

ht,n, Muhb ant stln

L,a, t4tuttu
PIL vtt Arrh s!@.
c.]Aa@ 4. CBr

What do you wana to krow about thc future?

a Wdrc llvc qu6tions wilh l,rla

b work

whh . pannr. ArL your questions. your panncr

prcdictions lor you.

clr,r* rd

5
a

'ou'll

L
lenlil salad(n) /lcntiL'sarlDd/

n6n sa-t.it d1u ldns

calvados(n) /kt-lvodps/

loai ntou t"io

ni

mak

.
Paris
balloon .

a weekcnd in
a fli8hr in a hoi air

a day ar rhe races

a vis;t ro a casino

Write an ani(le to dscribe your prize.

-J
bdnh

wil

Wrlae a competltion articlc.

Work in groupr. Think of a new prize lor a comptition. Hcrc are

.
.

/kruilDd

4.1 Lirren and check.

AF, at ,tnat 16 sar

<Xn

(n)

want to meet thc stars of

90 ro a nightctub
the journey
ar@ge a nanny to look afir

give yoLi hvo fre tickers for

ht Cbatu

ten

crouton

wdt to

take yo! back to the hotel

sth'o, dttt Taeh .\d

D.n

not

3h.?.

tiEd after

4.1and 4.2.

right

a claurc

t#i.IJand

6 Which rhcarre/ go io
? which show/ see
a have/ 8ood scats
9 meet/ anyon famous
ro Whar/ do/ alrcr the show

and ask and answer the quenions.

nne b rclar belorc

uslng ih lkst

FwiU

lbtukn?

How/ 8et to london

anyonc/ meet you
Wherc/ stay
What/ havc/ for dinnr
How/ st to thc theatre

Work with a panner. Look at the comperition information .gain

city.

)!!--son.

dirk t iI you

you'll

l/e

.tpital

Look at your answers for Gtammar in use 2 again. work

wlth a pa.lner and say what the prizewinners wlll do and
what thcy won't do.

luture

Find these forms of the

wirh w,ll:

The future

Practice

Rules

(v)

Normandy,

nLtdis dnnE udi

ttp

kt'tarks/ sidi tri, nshi ngdi

rlax
lobsler
pork

(n) /ltrbst6/

salmon

(n)

tan irra
thit tAt
/'s:emon/ dt hii, tht c'i hdi

(n) /p.:w

33

4 The future

Vocabulary

Reading

Country adjectves

The end of the melting pot?

wc

use

country ad.icctlves to show nationali[y

lmmiSration is a potitical issue in some parts,

Discuss these questions.
Why do people go ro live in ano.her counlry?
Whar benefits can immiSrants bring to a counrrl

'fhey tpeak Japafl.sc,

There arc revenl wlys ot lormint

ounry

adjectives.

I
2
I What problcmr.an l6rge{calc immiSrarion caus
4 Should immiSratrts confom lo rh.l@l.uhurc:
t Whar ihould governmcn$ do about immisrarior
Look quickly at lhe rcx! Choose the corrcct answei
ro lhese quesdonr accordinS to fte anicle.

Whar is lhe anicle about?

fl
n

!
Complere the kble wirh rh countries from.hc box
below. You can use a dicrionary to help you lind the

Why arc loday's itrnnigr.nls differenl frcm carlie

immisrants?

Q
!

rhcy inregrate easily inro Ameri.an culturc

They come ro th usA forjobs.
LJ They kep d'eir own lan8uase and cuhur.

Gcmany ltaly Turkey

lsraer Argentina lhail.nd Scotland
keland Belgium l\4orocco Pakistan
Russia No.way G.ee. Egypt Poldd
Portugal Aust.ia Denmark B'a2il
China l4dico Korea Spaln
th Netherlands

El

The namcs of countries havc differenl stress

Paiaerns.

Why arc Atrican Amcricans very worned abour

4.2 Lisren and cherk your ideas.

d Add your own ountry if it isnl mentioned.

Egypt Japan kgertina

Thc stress pauern somedmes changes in the
adjccriv.

Mark $e sylldbl wirh rhe slr5r on cach word in

ft. rable.
b El 4.2 Llsten
c Look

I
2

.t

again and check your answe$.

the adjectives in lhe table and answcr

Which ar lan8ua86?
Which languages arc rpokcn in the other

Sec

Beftectint on LearninS 9: Dealing with

unknown words
Porrusal (n)
Grecce (o)

Egypt (n)
Turkey (n)
Poland (n)

pl2l.

/,prrtju'goV

nu& Bd Ddo Nha

/'gri:J

nt/d: H!

Iap

itdjiptl

nt& Ai

/'lDiki/

Thd Nhi Y;y

n&tc Ba

/poulond./

nte

cQ.p

Im

emcrica's population is scuins roo large.

Alrican Americans wrllsoon be in rhe
majority in the US .
The usA is changing because of inmigrario

rhe immigrants compete wift them lor job:

!
I

Thc immigranrs don'l spcak English.

Th immi8rants become poliricians and

Rad th tcxt aSain and find

aI $c racial Sroups mntiond.

.
.

reasons why peopl are concmed about th

Mark these snlnces rrue

().

(t) ot

Fabe

Amcric.'s population lvill b. 36, rnillion by

thc year 2050.
Hispanlci make up l0 !r (tnt of lbc
populadon ar th momcnt.
Arric.n Altr.ri(ani arc (rEcndy rhc larg6t
ia.ial tninority in thc USA.
Today's imigrads ry !o inrearat! lnto
Th numbr ol peoplc who donl spcak Englsh

ir increasin&
6 Robert Byrd wants sarlcter immigratlo. controli.
7 Illesal idllniarabls or y cornpte Ior jobs.
6 IIIcgal immigrants can't tind jobs in rhe USA,
deal wirh (v)

/dirl wi6/
/benefit/

gilei qut6t

bereiit (n)
immigraDt (n)

liraigronv

dAn nhip

lti bh,lqi

laree-scale (adj) /lordJ skciY

tftn

govemment (n)

chinh

ct

di.an fi.n4

phi

The future

4 cortrtl.rc rhLs( \r'rrcn(c\ with rhe verbi in

t?

'"3-,a-[s- (.';;;; aL i;,, Amerkan,.

2 It you :i r8o, rnrolhe rupermarkel in
---c4111(nor

I Schonlsr!,'(lr,'.
hnsua8rs it parcn15
[ry7

demands.
ll m,ore immiSrar)ls

t"tJl-b-

hear)

.ny

lrerch) rn immisr.nr

+Liscr)

rhc'r

-.llrlL.(come), lhere

lbel iewer tuLs ror

Dis.uss these qustions, giving reasons

I llimmiararion r/!.r {.irel Hi\oani6

RockviUC you
EnBlish.

Alrcn

Ameri.,ns
5 rhe m'ddle (lJsr\
-Lll-j-4- (lo\c) rhcf
(srop)
cheap scrvanls if immisralion

for

why do you think the new immigrants don'I

inlcgrate as earlic. immiSrants did?
Do you think they will inrcgrate in lhe furure?
Whar is the implication oI Senator Byrd's
expression'rhese pople'?
According to the ani.le, what is rhe basic cause
oI rhc imrni8radon problem in the USA?
What do you think the wrnr lech about the
siruation in the anicle?
How do you feelabout the situarion des$ibed in

7 whal

results do you thiDk lhat rhe langua8c

The end of the melting pot?

Ti p,r\rn' lrrrl\ i,i inrmisrari{'n
1.,,.ti.,., br rl,t \crr 2050

you wool

inponaodl rhc hcid baloc

soon be possibie ro grow up ;n

wil chbge. Hispoics vill ovcrtzi<

Bhck (or Africm Amcricds, as they
rc now c.iled) to beconc fi lars.st
mhor;ty rt 21 p( ccnt. Asjms hd
Pacific Isla.ders will ircreasc fivc

Ahedca

Both Democra$ md Republicms de

demarding sr.icr immigr.don con
Thc biggst poblcm is iXegil irnmiglation. Afncar Ame.icos aft vc./
wohed .bour th;, becluse thc illeSil
nnmrerts comFr wil\ theD lor
houscs, scho.is dd esp:cialty iobs.

tu!e. Thcy have .heir owo TV chm

.els, d,rly ne*3pape6 ud magrzines.

tr

!
!

tr
tr

clfi

tlc ge( American melting pot. They

hitnt thc languaAe rd irtegtatcd into
t\c cuiturc of their nw bome. Bur
todryt imigrants keep their own cui

are

wlai

told thc Senare: \\'lcn photrc dr

loc2l gerage I
undcst,.qd rhe pe.sod oo drc othei end ofthe lin. dd he
cao't udentaad me. Thcse peoplc are
aU ovcr thc lhce and thcy don'r speat<
iln8lish- Do we wmr oo.c of rhis?,

Innig@ts io the nin tccnth dd edly tweatieth ce.tu.ies becde pan of

glish.

iskinr How far witi

kind of counEy wilt it
produce) Senator Roben Byrd, a
Democni from WcsrVi.gjni, rcccndy

The USA b a countrt ofimmjgrant!,

but todayt newcomca de drffecnt.

T}re Eoslish lansuese has almost

disappeared

od .ever spcak E

Polti.ials

this go?

tibcs io m.r: thu 12 pe. co(. l'his

vilpush tlle 6olofhinontics to ovcr
50 par ccnt of $e population.

EnSlish. And rHs

bnci
Immigrant parcors are demanding
cducation for rhcir .hild.en h their
o*d ldguagc. If thjs happcns, it witt

Ame.ica's popularioD s ill increasc

by50 percent ro 383 nillion.
More

he{ my

laoguag problem wont Ber aoy

in mMy places. Parrs of

rd Tcxas ee oow

Wo.k rs the kcy to the problem. \virite

Flo.idr, Crlifomia

rhe whn. middle classes conrpltD,

Spojsh$peaking. The Hirpaic comnruniry is a bltlion dollar naker ud

mhy of thcn (hcluding polirjcios

companies

,nd las7e6) enploy illeSal idmigtuts

produce adv.rts in
Sfoish. Io . husr supcmarke! in
Manland, .v&y cus(lncr is
hear
hpmsq KoMn and Chincsc, bur
Rockviuc,

tlom e Far L.st. You'll

kar (v)

/hio/

(n)
dcnrarrd (n)

/di'mo:

1bc

Stttt.

of

Ukttt: ttiA tb. .shrrG

cheap ounes, houskcepe.s, gar

d.nds. chauffcuB dd malds. ,{rd if

there arc jobs, fie thniStuc wix con
ta

neliing-po! (n) /\neltin'prl/

parent

d7

s( rau cdu

nstiti sinp a4c

ovcrtdkc (v)

biit hip, atQt

intesrate (v)

/intigrci/

poliiician (n)

/,DJli'tiJnl

hispaDic

(adj)

(n)
(n)
mlid
chauffcur

/his'p.riniV

thu.jc L,i Td| Ban

Nha ud ltd Dd.o Nha

/.roufo/

ne&n Ltii rc

/mcid

ngtin Mu

sii
35

4 The future

Listening and speaking

Messages
You will hear rhc nlessnge! on Jack
watorman's off icc arswerphone.

El q.;

usren ana match rhc people and

Conversation pieces: Leaving messages

Completc the answerphone message.

Ink k n,nl.llr l|dnnn

nt lp
'lxxlr
ot the n'one t,I'nt ifron _

'66 n"tu. Vntcnnn\

_th(t(\
p r none Lh.l

r lldterntt tiU

bo.k k,

T..esa
Pete,
wife \
oennis \
sa.ah

return

..ll

rcsult
36

(n)

-.lexpressids with these verbs.

Complele the
nn9

lonq meetine

give

qet

rraffc jam on th. l'125

I'tl

iesulk of lhe Oul.h p/o,ct

I'n

c E a.J Usren agah and chcck.

(n)

'lha

as I'osil,le. I'l4a'
k r . tt

no message

Answcr these queslions.

I Whcrc is Mrs Waterman?
2 Whn will she phone her husband?
I When docs Sarah Jones think shc will anive?
4 Why dolj' rhe lcave a lclcphone number?
5 Where will Dennis b this aiternoon?
6 Whal doernl Jack3 molhr lik?
7 What dos Teresa wanl ro talk abolr!?
a How lon8 will shc b away?
9 What does Ja.kt son want?

ncssagc
trailic jarn

tone.

to

[ftet th(

goLng to the States

k'u

p"^y

Jons \

mother
b

I
I
I
|

a3

/'mcsidJ/

lri'?/.ltl

tiic

hii qud

obout the

Mul6,

then in the post.

I'll

lou o ring.
--... in- cose you wont to
I

ll

t'n

ne bock

yow @1.

just

I'll-tou
I'll
Im-i6t

o chot whh then.

I'll

c FiE l..i
-

o lioe.

in touch.

Lsten aqair and check your aiswe6.

prdcc. (n) /prdlSck/ dV dn

Liti nluin

(n) /1ft'Jfik'dJ.!nV stt,ith

back to you.

giro thang

posl
drop

(n)
(v)

/pousl,/

/drtrp/

bttu di4n
nstnE sdp ai, cho ai

fl

The future

Pronunciation

Language focus:
wil/ for spontaneous decisions
also use wil/ when we dake decisions as

Look aL these sente.ces from the answerpho.e

cat /e]
Ji.ltl

Ir,tr

erc softe

Petet hat got

and Sive

will

Phone

ba(\nll tanonow. Ha helihg

ti!

h t6t
. l-1

I
4
ili{

&*

et

;'l

r",l

lr.ve wiD the

ll

fl

;l

spontancous dccision

(n)

conildentidl infomration (n)

Where are you Boing?

I'm Soing !o lbe shops.
Can I come with you?

Are you laking lhe car?

A
B
A
B

But ir's slaninS Io rain.

dE

)oDe.

haw a drink.

A
B
A

That docsn'r maller.

Oh, l'11 stay ar hon,e lhen.
OK. Sec you laler.

. 16l

io

to

El

doDl waDl to Sive ir over lhe phon.

You're haviDg dinner wirh Mr wateman lhis
evening. You're phoning ro mak rhe
aErngcmen$. Tell him whn and where you will

answcr

ll se. lou tunono\|.

4.7 Each sentencc in the convcsation has rwo

stresscd syllables. lhtcn and mark rhem.

YoJ had an inrrri(riu8 meelnS this molring.

You havc some (onlidential in{ormarion, bur you

pra.tisc l(aving dessaSes on nn

a.6 Listen ro rhcsc scrtences. wbat kind oI

),ave the {r.s)

I'n grin!

rhink it will affive tomorow.

Usea tapc rccorder, at home or at s.hool,

and tick (,/) the words you hQr

1.5 Lisrn again and repear.
.1.., Ljstcn

'vo(k

You'.c Soing ro bc in London {or four days.

Youte staying al the Crear wcsrcr. Itorel,
faddington. You rvao! !o mecl Mr Waterman,
You'vc gol a meetinS wilh Mr Walcrman al rhree
o'clock rhis aftrnoon. bur you don r jeel wcll.
You are Mr WatcrnEn's son. whilc you werc at
your iriend's house, someone srole rhe car.
Mr Warerman phoDcd you yeslerday Io! sonc
inlDrmalion, You havcn't gor ir yer, bur you

Think oI rwo more messagcs ro

diP
his

syllablcs in a word
are sr.est(d equally. This is rhc s.mc for sentcnei.
Not all oi thc syllables are strcsscd cqually.

Warcnnan and leaye a mc5saSc

wirh rhe secrclary.

we'll

Sentence stress
we saw in Unit I lh.r not all tbe

secrelary w.ite down the mesage. check il back

ir

hit

il in iurns to be fic caller and thc scretary.

$ese situations 10 leave messages.

c.ller

he'11

tiu

Take
Usc

can

chip

netsag.t while yau werc

I be

il

catt la:l

live

the rctults ol th. Duxh ptojel. He'llpur theh

va l. bo

and /i:/

Say there wordr.

hill

warcrman the metsaSes.

rhtft

//

fe.t lij
In this uni! yo\r will praoise one ol thcse short/long
Jilferencca:/r/ dnJ /i/. You wr.lprnaisc urhrr\ iI

2 Practise Sivins an.l ieavins mcssages.

a lYork wi$ a panner. Take it in turns to be the
secretary speakinS to Mr waterman,

pl6

The sounds

show two dilierent words.

Look at tapescripl 4.3 and under|ne more

examples w th wrl/ tor a spontaneous decision

thc inlormation and expressions on

sentence stress

some vowcls are short, e.E. tDt \as i^ dos).

some voweh are lon8, c.E. l.:l las in doot).
The shon/long diflerence is imporrant, becaxsc

Anwoy, I'll sive you o .al thjs eveninq.

As youre hot therc, l'l have o chdt wlh the

Use

litl

hl,

w.

We

/sprn'lcinios di'siln/

qulai dinh

/kJnfi 'dcD.ll,infD'mciJ

th1ne tin

.1.7 Listen

and check.

4.7 Listen again and repcar

(n)

tttipt
chip
qually (adv) /'i:kwoli/

n4t
matler

tudAisudLii

0t

/'mElo/
37

4The future

Extension: Reading and listening

South for the Winter
fi6t parr of a s.ory
lrom One-WayT i.ket, a book ol
short storles in the oxPld
Herc is tbc

Look at thh list ot placs

Soutb

for tbe Winter

never stay in one country for a lona rime. k gts boring. I li

move on, see new places, meet differenc people. It's a good
most ofthe cime. When I need money, I get a lob. I can do

I
Read the story quickly. Malch the

rhiogs

horel and restaunnt work, building work, picking

I tike to ao south in the winter - Cypru!, or perhaps I

Af.ica. Iife is casier in rhe sun, and northern Eumpe can aer

Tom at the

weke.d.

Zagrcb
The girLs got off the

hntel for three weeks.

Read rhe slory again and find thc

answers to thcse questlons.

I
z
I

Why was he on 'he t.ain?

How did the girls lind out Tom's

4
5
6

How old are Tom and lhe Sirls?

why wer the airls on the trtin?
why didnl carol go to the

why was Tom surprised when thc

I
9

what

is

Tomtjob?

cold in the winter. Last year I s'as in Voice for October I did
work in a hotel for three weks, rhen I began slowly co moves,
I always gqly rrain when I can. I like trains. You can walk a
on a crain, and you meet a lot ofpeople.
I left Venicc and went on ro Trieste. There I got a chmp t
for the slow train to Sofia, in Bulgaria. It taks a day and a hall
rbe express wa3 too xpnsive.

The rrain left Trieste at nine o'clock on a Thursday mor

b4rcb
There wereot many people on it at first, b\tt
^t
people got on. Two girls w-eqljlqog-the corriCor, pa-st
compartmetrt They looledtbraqgh the door, t ut they didnt I
in. The rrain left Zasieb and $o.'kcd-d-iii sfrhe window ftr,
ren mioutes, then I went ro slep.
Vhen I opencd my eyes again, chc

'Hil

rhy said.

'You're American,'I said. 'Or Canadian. RiSht?

girls 8or olf the lrain?

where and when arc the 8i s
meeting Tom again?
Where and when did ihe train

wha. do you .hink will happen in

rhe srory? Give rcasons {or your

'American,'the tallergirl said. She smiled. And you'rc tw,

rhree, your names Tom \flalsh, you'vc gpt blue eyes, and
mum lives in Burnhm-on-Sea, UK. Ri8ht7'
'How djd you know aU thar? I asked.
The second girl laughcd. 'She lmked at your paxporr. I

'Oh. Ri8ht.'My coat was on the seat next to me. I osl

it in my bag io the lu88a8
'Who aft you, then?' I a!kd,
They told m. Melani. iod Carol from l.os Angeles, USA.
liked Europe, they said. They knew a lot of places - Br
Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Hungary Bulgaria, Greece . .
They semed like nic girls. They wre older than m, pe.
ti/cnty-sevn or rwnty-ei8ht, but I liked them. Vc talkec
lauShed for hou$. I told them a lot of stories about my lif :
of rhe sroris were true, some *erent. But the Sirlt lau
passport out ofrnyaecket and put

anyway, and said

prcdiction (n)
xprcrs (n)
coddor (n)

/pri'dikJn/

laueh (v)

I'lo:fl
I't|Eid)l

lussrgc (n)
3a

was a grear guy.

tiin do,in
til: hanh
hnnh lanc bhd, ttu ra hh)
cion, buing @hd, toa 'e lle- )
d,tr

dadn,

xz lita

/'krridJ:/

asked them about Bul]

The future

4 E

4.8 Listen. You will hcar lhe resr

of thc srory in three pans. After each

37

..-_.- kou.

didD'r koow the

counrry. They
scU, lhy sdd.

knew

Sofia

'Hey, Carol,' Melanie said.

Vele s(ayiog io
talan-ka

whar will happen.

Discuss these questions.

I How can you explain fte girh'
actons in the trai! now that you
know lhc end oI rh story?
2 Is the.e a moral to the story?

Bela

for a day or rwo. Bur

lert go over to Sofia dris

wakend and nrer Tom
ile to the!. !/e can meec him on

i life,
iuit.

Snurday

nighr at the Hotel

'Glear!'

Vocabulary file: Transport

do

Find all the words in the story that

are asso.iated with Eil'{ays,

8or ro BelSrade

l4ake a similar list for a.other fom

said.

Irr!

'lofth
The rrain

ar lix o ciock in rhe evening,

)urh.

lot of people &ot-oll.

fiere wcre only me and the
girls in the carriage then.
rnd a

checked our
dckets, and went away again.
Grol looked ar Melanie. Hey, Mel,' she said. Why dont you
ard Too go along to the resrauBft car? I'm not hunSry, and I want
to slee for an hour.

The gurrd came,

ing
m\,1

Tom writos a lctter to his mother

from BulSaria to tcll ber what
happened. Writc bis lettrr,
SurI like thisi
aubaria,
21st Novenber

'Er... !ood! very expensiv on thc train,'I said. 'I hayen't got
much money iust now. I'm going to get a iob in Sofia.
'OhToml Melani sajd.'Why didn't you tell us? Look, you're e
oic guy, righti v/e'rc OK for mony rhis wek. \flc can buy you a

l'd afraia lvc got 6of,c bad news

\qhrt could I say? I !,an hungry They had money, I didnt. So

Melanic rnd I went m the restaumnt car and had a meal. \rhn wc
crme brck, Grol was srill alone in the compartmcDt.
'Why arc you ecrtios-oEat Dla Palarka? I atked. 'I9'hat arc
you going

to do there?'

Mclanie smiled.

k.

ty

Describe these thingsr

why were you on fie lrain?
How did you meet the Sirls?
Eow do you lhink they rricked

'Find a cheap hotI, met people, tak a look

.
.
.

... you know.

'Bu( rherl oothirg rhere!
'Oh wcll, you mver know,' Mflanie laughed. Shc put her feet on
th. sen and wcor to sl.cp.
A fcw hours later the tmin came inro BeIa Palanka sradon and
stoppd, fhc two girk got off and stood on thc plotform. They

arcund

ny

for you.

snilcd

thc town

.
.
.
.

me rhrough thc window.

'Sc you in So6a, OK? The Hotel Marrnan cight o clock,'

'we ll trke you to (he bes! rsrau..nt in town.'
CIol
'aid.
Tlcn
they picked up thir bags and wrlked away. Nice 8irls.
Ve'llhave a sreat time in Sofia,

(^ttapt.tt

hoi

a nory hr

cariage (n)

/'ksrid3/

platform ($)
moral (n)

/platfr:m/

reassurc (v)

ofl the.rain?
where are you now?

what will you do?

haaikt 36|.,

san ga rz
dao

lla

&tu

l6n quan

associate (v)

rrick (v)

What happened after th girls got

Try to reassur your mothcr that you

are all ri8hl. Ask her to send you some
things.

I thought.

whal did you arranS with thrm?

/trild

Lita
Ldm

rCn ldng

ai
39

5 Cornparisons
Grammar
Comparatives and superlatives
Grammar in use

Rules

How do we make cohparative and superlatir

complte th lules.

Look at tbe quiz. CoDpletc the sentences with

To make comparatives we normaly rdd

GENERAL

ro

KNOWLEDGE

7.

Qr,rf

oln

lead Sold iron

is hea\cer than

ouet t

oUet

Complete rhese ruls wilh examples lrom

is the heaviest.

but

make suprlatives we nomally add

$c

quiz

when .he adjctive ends iD -a we add -r o.

-rr

Venur Mars the Earth

is fun}ler from the sun

dEn!h lunhcst,

but

is

whn rhe adjeaivc h.s a short vowel and

ods in onc consonant we double thc
.onsonant and add -.r or 't.

-christianity Buddhism klam

- than
-,is an oldr religion
is the

but

when thc adjcdive eDds in a consonanr

and -/, wc rcmove the -/ and add -ir or -nrr

Rursia Canada china

4 -,

ir bigger
- rhan
is the bigScst.

but
a rockt

has two or mor syllable!

(except whcn the second syltabl ends in -yi,
we pu ndn or mrt in froDt oI thc 6djective.

when rhe adjediv

en8ine ajer cngine

more powedul lhan

is the

bur

Rio d Janeiro singapo.c cairo

-is
ir closer
_
-,
- to the equator
but

dlan

2 El i.l

2 wher

(n)

tnrlidll

hidn thiN

/ledl

ds"

Cd

rul6 for comparative od sup.rlativc

adj.dives in Grammar Reference

comparison (n)

40

do we u5. comparativB and suprlativ

Check the

Listen and (heck your answers.

knowledse (n)
lead (n)
Christianity (n)
Buddnism (n)

omplelely in8ular.

is

-,

Some adjectivcs are

d6"

dso PhOt

Islam
rocket engine
jct cnsinc
cquator

5.1.

/'izlot'x,/

(n)

(n)
(n)

/'r.)ki endlir/

a4og

/'d3et,endjir/
/i'kwcito/

d4ng

t}o tto

"o
cd phdn Itu

64hg ,ith t/.it

ComPari'

Practice

write thc comparative and superlative of thesc adjectivcs.

Adjec.lve

complete the text with r.he

comparative or ruperlatlve of the
adjectives in brackets.

Superlative

Who are the

inr.resting

(good)

lhick

hiendy

driver s?

fftre

din
dificuh

wolldrlul
fa(

long

Here are somc

a conplte

mo.e general knowledS questions.

rh adj.clivd ln bE&.rs in rh

th.rll putting

comparative or supcrlalive.

Antwer the quesuons

with

parher.

whkh drivers are the

(high) mounrai' in the world?

island in lhe world?
(bi8) a6, rhe Alrican or the
which.lephant has-

which is
2 which ir

Gafe)on lhe.oadr? According to a

fecenl 5urvy, young and
lnexperienced d.ivrs are
- the

_-

lndian elephant?

-(bi8)has

4 which ounry

which animal ir

6 whidr
7 Which

it-is-

El t.2 ti'icn

(lar8) populadon in the world?

(faso, a chee6h or a lion?
(ancieD0 monumenl in the world?

- {inlclligent) anlmal

in the wo.ld?

-all.Ihey

and- .heck your answrs.

are gnerally

(agsretrive) than

(old)

-drivel9. They aiso choose

(fart) carr

pcopl. or friends.

with-

(big)

wrile rcntenccs companog them, using lhese adjectives.

old
slim
short
happy intelligent successlul
talkativ. strong
nicc

{old) drive6 are

accident.

karet'rl). cender make! a

difference, too. Young men haveihe
- (bad) .((ident re(o.d! ol

with a parrn.r, think of two people that you both know,

e.& farnous

(likely) to hdve an

one of rhe

fit

fadi in the survey k that par5enge6

goocl at sports

have an elfect on lh driver. when

young male -(interening)
drivers have rhir lrindt
in the car, their driving becomt

rela-red

wrire a seniencc lor each oI th adjcctives in the rupcrladve,

about sommnc rhat you know-

(bad). when their wite o.

girlfiiend

is in the cdr, however, their

driving ir _
{good).8ut the
opposite
ie
t.ue
lor
women.
Then
(danoerolrl
drivind i3

Kt

it th. ol,1.5t p.non in ow elatt.

tty titt r b th. tlinnctt N6on I know.

when thek hutband or boylrind

is

a E 5..t Lirr.n and chck your ldcas.

b Do you a8rc. wnh the anicle?
(n)
population (n)
animal (n)
chc.tah (n)
elcphant

/elifont/

/,prpju'lei/d d.6n 66'

dinc uQt
loni uto sd'n

rnonumcdt(n) /mrnjumony d)iu4ns nEn

inrelligcnt (adj) /in'telidSont/ thnng minh
survey

(n)

/'sb:vi/

htuio sttt, thdm db

4l

C.om

parisons

Reading
Eye

to eye

I What do you know about eyes?

a Dimsr thcs. qudtions.
r why are bmwn eyes more common in hoti.r
2
t
4

pans ot rhc world?

why does our cy6iSht 8et wor5c as wc get older?
why aft our cy6 so impoianr to us?
llow do someone's yes show whcdcr lhey like

t
6

$mdhing?
why do pople rvear makc.up?
Peopl nornEly don'l lool at cach othcr in llfts

b Now

rad

.h. txt

and comparc your ide.s.

Each paragrapb has a senlence missinS.

Read

$e mlrsing sentnccs and writ. thc numbcr of

cach scntenct in lhe (orlecr plac.
4-l But whcn wc donl tike somethin& lhry bcomc

/ 2
I
4
t

Thb is why lov.A 8az. into each

Mrny pcople belieyc that blue

othc* ey6.

eyes ar more

delicare lhan brolvn cy.s-

Pi(rures in thc plramids show lhat thc ancient

Eg]?dans - both mcn and womcn - usd itThe lens loosr the lighl onto the retina at fte
bak of lhe eyc.

b How d.id you decide lh corrcct po$tions?

3 bbel rhe diaSran wirb thcse words. what is
each parI of rhe eye fo.?

eyelid eyel6h pupil

tis

retina optic n.rue

f i::ii".liff :x:
fff.1*Ji'*:i;'.ff
A few albino pople
or
green.

have red

pink eye!

lheie are very .a.ei ln lact they are just as tough

brown eyei. allhouqh ll|ey-ale Eotesensilive+e
e only 5eS part.oflhqyebll, although,rh
whole eye is ar big a5 a table tennis ball. L
enlers the eye through the pupiland passer thrc
the lnr^The retind sends the s,gnal to the brain
lhe og!1nerve. the image on the relina it adu.
upside down, but the brain (orrecb it. As we 9e1
ou. eyesight be(omer wo6e. Thig happens be(aL
lens irn t as fls{ibl a5 when we a,e youns a.d t

-u'.r"' "'u *.ur".tr i,,tL.r

eyet are the mo5t

/-\ur

of our five s
'mporta,rt
L.rWe .eceive S0% of our information about t
world throuqh ouryes. We alro send 5iqnabto
people with our eys. sgeBrye+tFals ar

a!(g!!!ie! r. when we loo k ntrolrlething nice.

pupilr dilate (get bigger). We cry when we are
It

eysight (n)

/geizl

Pyramid(n) /'pironrid/ Kim te hdp (cia utdi

Ai Cip cd dei)
(adj)
/einJont/
ancicnt
ad aqi
"d,
(y
Acttd
hd
tinh tM
lcns (n)

/deliko/

rclina

/aisaiI/

lhi Inc

wcar (v)

mang, mdq dni, dao

makc-up (n)

di

sazc (v)

dclicarc (adj)

trong

dii'n

(n)

fiir

h.tinb/

Comparisons

Look at the text ag6ln.

FiDd as many cxamplcs as posriblc

ot

ways of chanSing the apparance of cyes.

Can you add aDy more eEmples?

Discuss theie queslions.

I Why do women generaUy wear eyc make-uD
rathcr lhan mcn?
2 In some cullures pcople cry in public. ln other
uhur6 thcy don1. What about your cuhurc?
Whn is i! acceptable to cry in public?
I whar resujctions ar. rhcre in your culture oD

A lor ol exprc5sions hav .hc word ?, in .hcm.

arc somc exanples in En8lish. Malch lneln
wirh thi. me6nings.

a sere

to sc cy

10 eye

with
lo

to kelp an cye on I
rcmonc or somcrhing
to cakh romeone's cye
(straight) in dl eye

alta.t

to .one't \

to agrc. u'ith

san one

to givc somcon thc y

to b. someone's blueeyed

to

boy/8irl

shott that you

arc \

to tum a bllnd ey to o

when we ar very happy. 8ut

we can ahomnrr.l some eye 9igna15, For example, we
on y]!t at someone or raisCan evebrow. Sunglarst
nake romeone aFpear mysterious or dangerou5,
becaJre tlg]Lhrdsthe eyes and ro we.cdn't_eee tbe

somcfiins

unhappy and somtimeJ

We can compare lhings

t
h

'n9

anractive. Children have

proport;on to their heads. Cartoon
V V tarqe eye: in"r"r.-e
darade6 alwaF have large eyes, too. We (an't
aclually chang our eyes, but we can make them look
bi99rwilh make.up. Eye make-up itn't new. False
eyela5he5 can lnake eyelashes longer. Eye shadow on
$e eyeldr can make the eyes look biggr and more
dramitic. Glarser (an also make eyes look biggr.

t n f"OnO,"rn"

a t
b

it

want to threaten romeone: lt it also very

inlimate(lt3 abo why people don't look at ea(h other
in lift!.G)

/rvirfd

/sibrau/

popotion (n)

ltllash (n)

ruit

ntuiy

7
a
cyclid(n)

btdt
sd cAn

inlimatc (adj)
.cstriction (n)

".t'

. I,' ''l i r'

nc6

eE Uue

o( btwtD aes.

using this inlDrnation and

whole ey/ big/ table tennis ball

lpt6'pr:!('l

ni

otet'l os (!{|/nga

3
4
5
6

/mis'tionos/

lntry

br@n eyes/ sensitire to iighr/ blue .y.s

in hot countries blue eyes/ common/ brcwi

dramatic (adj)

Iailult
tu
tl"n -

l6in9 os ... os ,..

i
2

kng mar

dni,iE

4E

Wdtc snt

when they

yebrow (n)
m]sr.riolls (adj)

... os ...

ok at ihcsc sdnaiccs.

G!n

V Vlong, especialty when rhey ar very (lose. Eye

wink (v)

o,1.

Blue eyes arc os tough os b,Dwn eyes-

\ A re do not normally look into someone'i eyer for

(ontact(an be very threatening, so people only do

dit.d with son

Do you havc.imilar expEsslons in your lansuage?

Language focus: os

,iqnal5,

to bc

srnalleyes/ atlraclive/ lae eyes

women s eyebrows/ thick/ mens
ler5 in an old peson s eye/ flgrible/ a yoLnq

perons
eye make-up/
oLir

d.s/

od/ hislory

'tlt'|t1

important/ our eys

ni niit

ldilidl

gAr dn ttqt,g mqtLh

thnn n
,/ri'strik

At,

hAn nnh

rrl

i-.,,:' t-

4!t

5 Comparisons

Vocabulary

Language focus:
Clothes with plural names

Clothes
Look at thrsc diffcrent kiods of

fte words ro the pidures.

Chcck lhe meaning ol any new

shi^ socks juntper skirt

oat tie blous. cp bh
tracksuit vest shorts jacket

The names of som clothe., lik

jeors, are always plural cven

though ther is only onc ltcm.
mor examplcs an thc llst of

dress

tights hat traine6 T-shjrt

boots sandals stockings
knicke6 undcrpants

A h you lke ahis shh?

A Y6, hat nudt ls it?
A Q's F25.
A Do you like thase jeons?
B Ya, hos nuch arc th.!?

March

trouseG jans shoesl

Look at these two diaiogues.

do you notice about /edns?

Work with a partncr. Choos. iter

swimsuit

from lhe

list Malc

dialogues

lll

orSanire the words into th6e

deibe a quantity ot ddhe

with plulal nams, w us. lhc
exptessio o pit oflpat's af.
To

ThinSs that you wear

.
.

above your wais.

below your waist

shin

of

fte shr',ls
jeons
two
Nn
Flrs of jn
o poh ol shc*s thrceNhsoll

>

See Gr.mmar

R.f.r6n..

5.2.

Stand ba.k-to-back with a pa

and desrib wha. hc/shc is

You arc FoinS to Ncw York fc

lon8 weckend. Dccidc whar t
ofyear you arc golng, whar y'
will pack, and why,

\ t
'{l

Ii,

junrpcr(n) /dr^rnpo/
blouse

(n) ,6rauz/

chui cldu

'io
dochod

tracksuit(n) /trck'sju:/ qudn

(c aphv

ud, d.o

dm

nit)

r6ns

(n4c dz't4p luren tM

thna)

(n) /slrkit/
(n) l'nikod

slockings
knickcrs

underpants
wai'st

(n)

(n)

ba6tdni
quin I6t chin g6i

(cttu

phu

/'Andop;lnts/ qudn dni, qudn l6t cia da)

/weisv

eo' hnng

Cornparisons

Listening and speaking

Conversation pieces: Shopping

ln a clothes shop

Complete $ese expressions.

Asking about aod saying what you

Look at thc convcrsation.

a Whar does rhe woman buy?

b Number lhe lines in th correc!

Cah

c E r.z

Cauld I

Lisren aod check.

voD?

Have you qot ony ...?

No. rhont\ nu.
antv

In

tr

Just a minule, No,

sorry, we haven,!.

Let ne know if you need ony

I'm
what

-...?

Woutd you like)

etseT

about dre black one?

tr

Can I help you?

Asking about and saying prices;

tr

Thank you. Thats 7.50

Haw

tr

Yes,

is thishhot .-.?

how much are these

T-shlrs?

Hove you got onything cheoper?

-l

No, ir's 1oo dark. I'd prefer

somthing lighier-

!
I
!

hars rtz.ro *'en, pleu...

n*"

you

-..

lke

tfs

one, but it isn't

Yes,

thafs nice. I

take it.
l',1o,

rhank you. coodbye.

big enough. Have

you got

it.

onyvoy.

Decide which expressions the

customer sys and which
expressions the asslstant says.

Look at iapescripts 5.4 and 5.5

and check your answers.

it in a laryer size?

!
!
!

I'll leove

They're 12.50 each.

How atout this btue one?
No, thars all, thank you.

3 Work with

a partner and roleplay

the conversations, using tapescript
5,5.

2 El

r.S listen to ttre.onversaiions. What do the live

4 work with

a partDer. Roleplay

cotrversatious for these situations

Language

Iocus: loo/enough

Look at thes

It isn\ big

two sentences from the conveHtion.

lt's too dotl<

enough.

Rewrit ihe sentences,

lsing the words 5,r,o/ and /ight a.d

keeplng the same meaning.

You don'1kn0w whar you want ye!.

You want a black T-shirt iD a large

You wan. some jearo. You try on a

pair but lhey'.e tco big.
You wani to buy a jumper od some

Rew te these sentences to keep the same meaning, using the

1 hey'' too loose. (tbhr)

5
2 li isn't long enough. (shol4 6
3 They aren't dark enough. (ilghl) 7
a lhese

are too small.

(/oge)

Yo!'re too short {tol0

h's too cold. (!rorn)
lt isnt thick enough. (fb,.)
fts too low (r,gh)

You want to buy some b.om shoes.

The firsr ons that you try on arenl

You want

dght.
a

ja&et and a black

45

5 Comparisons

Pronunciation

Extension:

/ol,/c:l; reduced

Listening and speaking

You've got what it takes

vowels
I

The sounds lol and /J:l

ar thse words. some oI rhem
havc a shon /d vowel solrnd and
some have: long /Jl vorkl sound.
Wrik the words in fic correc-t

a I-ook

I
a what is h about? what do you lhink rhe mhsin8
b E! 5.s Li'ren and chcck your idca'.
c E! 5.s usrcn again and completc thc ron8.

words are?

sw jog . song . all .goi

6u9hr . wat cdst b6 n9
so<ks shorts bell stop
what four sport boughl

c@
dEl

t-6 U$en and.h..k.

5.6 Lhten aSain and repeat.

2 Reduced vowels
a In connectcd

spech

th. vowels ln

some words arc reduccd !o the

whal klnds ol wor& do you thiDk

ai rcduccd in lhis way?
Look a. thcse sentncs. circle lhc

I How much a?e rhcrc jeans?

z Ocis hc litc tlis shtnZ
I t necd a pai-l oJ sods.
4 Could I try lnam on?
5 conf lf. n3 tirne to 8o.
6 ftcrc's alsood flm on Tv.
7 I can play the piano.
8 were you 1't home yesterday?
9 No, I was out all d|y.
ro H.re's a po6tc.rd frdm Janc.
c El 5.7 listen and chcck
d Practisc saying the sentcrces.
Se

Rcllcctina on r-carning ro:

pI2r.

Pair and group work

connct (v)
rcducc (v)

45

/ri dju:V

nic g$n

nissing word (n)

idea (n)

/misiYl

w6:d/ rtrrli.r

tatdid

! hit"

Ia

person altractivc to you? '-omparisons

a Work in Sroupt. Hcrc arc some charactcristiG Add ern' morc'

2 lo rhc 5on& thc sinSer cotnPares a

rcal Dc6on to an ideal Person.

what charadtrlslict do you think thc

rcal pc6on hrs 8ol? whai do Yotr
rhink makd h.r altractiv. lo th

c compar your ord.r h'llh thc last.

4 W.iic a desctiption of Your ideal partner, $ying !vha'
cha.acacrislics are impor.ant and why'

singcr?

lcu

lo*'t

tood'loollnt
.toodrob
alotolmon'Y
Frcm your llsr choosc thc &n feitutcs thal ar. most impoti'nt to
you and rhcn put th.m lD ordr ol imPotun<t'

lhcY?

.t)

n6kct.

. a -!E ot humour . inlclllEcnt '

. a good ff8urc '
. scn.rous
. ;road shouldr . wcll'ducalcd '

daradriiic5 docs that idlal

Flson hav? How imponant arc
What

(V,

What

bitt

lon lor't look like

Atl ctlour

tt).

w,t't

t.lfat

9ut baby,

:f r,itiliT

(Clatw)

it ttket

You't, got what

7o

uhat it taket
lo tat ,nt toul
Whoa,ihoo, whoa, whoa, whoa Yeah
Yor''. lot whtt it ttk/t fv 6,,

fou'n

r.lt::

got

llL.-a lliil

(Vux 2)
Now

Ai yr

yort

lolt

litc
;n th. b,rt of

lox'l

Axl nat,i,e

lill.'t liw lor

t"t,

t-t1

tblitg

cbncl.rislic(n) /,k,trikto'rislilJ
b$edshoulder
vdl-cducatcd

(D

/'brJrd'Jouldo/

(adj) /wcl'cdju:kcitid

nh dAth
uai

4ns

lcutt.

fcrrurc (o)
tumble down (phr)

d4. didn

tudi

b4!

svp dd
47

6 People and place

Grammar
The past continuous tense
Grammar in use
Look at th pictur$. what ts happenlnS in

The picturs are in the wrong ordet.

a Work wirh a panner and decide rhe corEcl oder.

b Rad tI siory ald chcd(

tr.1
J];"

"1..

An embarrassing incident

Rules

One day last rummer I war walking through the

lo<al park. li was a hot day and lwas eat'ng an ice
cream. A! I wat walking pan the boating lake, I saw
my friendt, Caroland Jim. They wre taking thek
dog for a walk. when we met, w stoppd lor e
chat. whlle we were talking, the dog 3uddenly
iumped up and tried to get my i<e ffeam. I pulled
my hand away and unfortunately the ice cram
came out of the cone. Nowthere war. bald man
bhind me. The poor man warn't doing any harm.
He wasjustsitting on a befth and reading.
newcpaper. Well, when I pulled my hand.way, the
ice (eam tlewthrough the air and it landed on the
man's had. I didn't know whther to laugh or cry,
but Carol and Jim did. when I looked at them, thy
weren t just laughing, they were in hyneri6- But I
was

teribly emb.r.asted.

embaftassing (adj)
incident (n)

Look at the tenss in the story.

complcte these sntences.
I J_
thc pnr

thcyn

4, ie cr.4ril.

nan .4

uit

any

hon.
wak

drs Iot a

th2t,xen

hrttel

'Ihls is thc past continuour iensc. It d6cdb$ a

aontinuour or unfnishcd aciion or .latc iD thc I
End mor...'mtlcl in thc srory.

-,

-j'4

c How do we ioal(e th past contlnuous t.nse?

d gcrc are two questio8 in '-he prescnt (ontLnuo'
tense. Rewriic lhem in tha past conthuo$ lcn!
WlEn it

tiditts?

Aft dkt buthiagz

/im'berosiq/ gaf ling tinE

lir'sidontl

st!

via.c

&A!

rs

Enh cn hax bdt ngit

(n)

bcnch
lbenul
in hystcrics (adj) ihi'sterik/

hrrm(n)

lhou!.l

ghidni
ani hhAng
diiu hsi

Ann

leidt

Pmple and places

compar tbc past continuous and ltre past

ft.

complte thes sntcncc lrom

ls

At

lak,

Datt th.

Mik

w.

_,

th.

nv fn.ndt,

sudd.,tly

dog

Here is anorrcr story of an embarassint

Complere thc story. Put the vcrbs in ftc box ln ihc
past conrinuous or rhe pa.t simple rns. usc sonc

story.

v.fts mor. than on.e.

carul and.tin.

diff.ren.e Iike this:

lwas walking in thb

palk.

-\-,/-\-.4--l->
l

lI

into expect
down hear
rinS
fall off
put on

hidc
90
help
look

up.

why arc lhcrc tr4o dlflcrent past tenss in these

We .an show thc

get
put

apPcar
clan

not Ect d..sscd

stand

{rNloMpLErE AcroN)

lsaw

(coMrrf,rED AcnoN)

ta\

Now look at ahir sntenc.

thc pasr simple tenre?

il

wh.n t

the

ai

why arc aI the vc6s in

pu d ny hand away
it land..l on the

and

the

nan\

ice

dead flew thtough

On afiemoon I

head.

bath, As

ruls for thc past continuous tense iD

crammar Refc.ence 6.1.

check rh

Practice

il

il

ir

complcte these sentences to make true

about the saory. Put the verbs

no$ing oI!

Jim-(walk)

ice cIealns.

on a bcnch.

a8ain.

-anin thc ha.ll witll

voics ounidc thc frod

Fonuately, wher my daugltcr and her friends

oursidc.
_
oDt of the window, rhey
rhe window cleaner. So I

th noise, they

Whn I

-,

to ask the youDg woman in

a dressing gown. Luckily

upstairs and

thc window

Witc thc qucslions, using tNs iDlormauon and the

deoe. wasn't hun. but it

was all

contirluous rensc.

2 WlEt/

Carol and Jlm/ do

Wh.rc/ thc bald man/ sit

Carol and

Caroland Jim/ hugh

Jim/ aV ic
6 Where/ you/ stand
7 lh. man/ read/ a book

cred,

roo

with

Des(ribe or invent an embarras.ing ircidcn(

o.r

I-lsren and chrck.

Ure this format. whar renses will you us lor cach

partner. One of you plays the pan oI

young woman. Ask dud an5wer rhe quesrinn!.

Work
lhe

but I couldnt Sr ba& upstain iD rimc. I

lhe phom, _
into $e livins
room and
bhind the c!r!ahs.
UnJonuurelv- ihe window .leaner
l}le living room windows. whcr I ruddenly
the poor mu _
his ladder.

through rh park.

walk.

Make questions

pasr

lnponant

downstair, Thcre was

d( or. It was my teEgc dau8htr and hcr fricnds,

2 Tte younS woman ----_________:(trke) hr dog for

r Carol and Jim-{eat)

{ Thc bald man-(sit)
t Hc,_(rcad) a book.
6 Carol and Jim-(lau8h).
7 Th! bald man-(lau8h).

in

into the past conainuous tense.

Carol and

the hall. I

cau, so I

llowever, while

brackets

th bath, ihc tclphone

nobody els at home, so I-

5en@nccr

upstain to have a

t-

.
.
.

Scl rhc s(ere: What wele you doing? What was

happening around you?
Wbat happened?
wirat did you do?

Read yoLrr slory ro lhe clas.

ftllor(!) /b:l):t
/o'pio G)i
appear (v)
tceoage

cudain

(adj) /ti:neidJ/

(n) /kold

roi zunig
audt hi4n
d tudi thdnh

ladder

tn)

drcssins sown

thdu nian

/'lcdo/
(n) /'dresinsaud

ctii thanE
do hh.xic

(ndc

ngq'i

trcns

l",L)

{i People and

p aces

Reading
The roof of the world
I

Look at rhe ritlc and pi.tures.

a whar kind of rexl k ir?
b what do you know about this counlry?

Vocabulary frlel
Descriptive adjectives and
adverbs

Look quickly thK\rgh !he text to Iind .his infotmarion.

I
2
I
4
5

Wbere is the counlry?.

What is its cipital cily?
How many days did fie rvriter spend in thc capital?
Where did he stay?
Approximarcly how much did the holiday cosl?

Rcad thc tcxt.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

whi(h ol thcse diJ the report wrilcr

The wriler uses a ot ot adjectives ar

adverbs lo give yo! a vivid impressk
of the places and h s experiences

b Compare your ideas wilh a parlner, and tbcn the

c What is your idea ol rh perfect holiday?
a hagin you

.
.
.
the

ih ho day in ge.eral.

Yr'hal does lhe writer mean by

.
.
.

rch in cullurc and

Don

l etpecl

naiura

luxu.ies.

clasr.

holid,,).

a holiday

ftat you enjoyed, using lhis form.l:

A day by day accounr of whai you did. Say how

you lch about cach experience.
Your general feeling about rhe holiday
Advice for oder travelkrs
Some basic inlormalion about cor$ and lllghts

roofoflhe world / 6a rurfov 60 wo:ld,/ mdi nhd cia

tMsini
ballcon (n)
souvcnk (n)

50

'

are thc lravel w.iter lor a ma8azine.

b Wrire a rcport on

irrr!i"arl

Choose Ih.ee advebs or adje.ti!

that bst describ

these expressons?
lhe ro.f oi the word
We w.re e.tering a diflcreit

a conrplcte rhc rable wi$ inlortr,arion lrom the lcxt.

real nr dn

the hol'day in Nep.l tound to you?

5 wrilc rb',ur r

Undenine tre adve,bs:nd

adjecrives in the text ehich do

do?

takc a s,ghlseciDg tour rouDd Ka!hmandu

visit the Chilwan National Park
go by boat through lhe Trkuli rapids
Bo on a lrck into {hc llimalayas
have a ride on an elephanr
spend srven days in lndia
uke a llighr in a hot air balloon
lly over Mounl;vcresi

4 tlow do$

'I thoulht \|e cane herc

aspeci

expericnce

lrek
dd

ltu niim

(n)

(n)

/spck/

to

ftlax!'

md.t

(n) liks'pioriont kinh nehiCn

/trcV

chuyai du lich

bins

bb

People and places

IVep

al

^'*:v::1":i;:#{r#::;::i::

(ri

were
lhe ai(nt buie! and
lmlng r@dly, but rhe cowdrdnt
ere lt wa! 5leeprng peacefuily m the
mdd

. ofthe.ond and everyonelun

rolnd it On the gordcn

rmf or a teDplcsome monkeyr w.re
playng. ln the ttrect Pode were

had to go

rening

trryrhing

tuom tmrs ro

w.]r &rthrnandu,
rhec:aralof Ncpa we we.e driv nq
(olourful 5hi45 Th6
ftom rhe

anpon;rt the stan ofa

weel5 holrdny thcre, and we were

enrcling. diftcrenr world

lrda. to tho south ard'libet to
ndrh, NePal i5 or oa rhe p@re9r

8tween
rhe

aorme{ in he wodd, hn it i5 rlch n

clhrre and natural bauty, and rhere
a lot

rs

htre fo. the adventurols toLJrlst.

We rynt

dE t@k

o''
a

tirsl day in (atr)nEndu

sgh6e?n9 tdrr arou.kj

flir
a dramauc Jormry t'y
boar droJgh trE liniirapdr r
wai hean stopping the mon

\1/e begBn

tdnirrtrrg civ. I}'e Neparese peode

drnost no
arc wy fiEndv and rlere
'!
ffime hre, eJt don t ex9ect an ex.itinq
niqft llie because 99 p.Y cent or

o(iting elPcrierre ol

tE

my

wrore

life. Fo. miie afler mile tlE white

poplhtion are in bed by l0

tlYtu tur

water

srnall boat

lim

lo sde. Ihs ruddenly we

arrwlc in tlle cilm water of a
srde

whi!. @t . ralliax thwjh 4t. Trntli rapidt

Whiie we were reco'/ering ftom

nrir amazing
guicles

cahy

eipnefte our Nep:rere

prcpa.ed lunch lhr a

rninitus took us to Pokhara for

Iteenay

d-e( imo d.le

mur.inr.

Eadr day of tr'e rck brqB.l at

otlocl. qJr

eqipmtrt
all

carid

guides

and

oi

dlr

et

all tr'

llggBge. prcpred

tre meais:nd Pur !p trle tma @dy

night. We walked for abou 4 6
lx)u6 e.rch day brolgh lhe mon

lP(tauhr !.sxry n rhe $qld.

On day 6 re arnved ba(k in
Polohrar. Ior

KahnrandLr.
nnal day

hoor(0
ad' cnrurous

Ard we spnt our

Kanrmnndu

!44llq

hdp ddn,

hi cu6i

wondertul, but dm t expcl l!.xuries. ln

K.rthmandu

re

srayd ir) the

3iar

Maashyangdi Hotel The rooars we.e

small,
suire

b{i

they

wse cle.n

and had e,+

badroon5 DJrng o|e tret we

iepr io ren6, zM the oilelwar ju$

anoiher tent wth a holc in tt grolnd
Ihe lood was good. but s mple.
Ihcre are

rc di.(t

firh$ to

l(rlhrund!.
ttrie

50 most toun ftiude rone

lnd. r"ve trad oree day5 n

l.dia b.tse ttE wel in Nepd and

arDthtr rdJr dO alieMrrds These
hoiida),s aren't cheap Pnce5 1t:ift at
E I 400 per pe.5on.

about

rrcparc (v)

/}Jann/
/?ti'pco/

stc.racular (adj)

/spek'tckjul6/ ngoan m?c

crnnc (n)

(adj) /od'!cntJDros/

IiNcinating(adj) /,[t')sincirir]/

if

trl. ietufn ngn to

Orrr s1n da)s jn Nepalwre

ei phen
chu,in bi
51

6 People and places

Listening and speaking

Asking the way

Vocabulary
Places and buildings
'|

Look ar rhis lisr of phces.

a How many Gn you find on thc map?

church
tcmple
cinclna

You

will hcar lwo convcrsations.

6.2 usrcn. whcrc

docs cach pcr5on wanr lo 8et to?

b rmd thc plac6 on lh. map.

cathedlal

cd pa*

bdk

a Mark th.

bus station

slation cloct towcr

c6tl.
Pa.t
pub
6la
post omce
hosPiial
main squarc
mart.r
hot.l
town hall
suplrmarket theatr
library
lcisure c.ntrc
poli<.stalion
nighlcllb
garaq.
5.hool
.ailway

Can you .emember the inslructirrns?

E8

routs on rh map.

6.2 Lincn asain .nd dck.

)
\
i(
a

Arran8c rhe wordt in a spiderSr.m,

like this:

religion

\
'

\..........--.._,-'-l

arltort

6?o|u?.r'

t;t

buying things

( \'U;-$'e

/l
,,"chool

i:wM-ffi,@
'' i ;Yi,.r'.;i;:!_
l:1^ A
,?tri'ffi.u
i

\
museu

Can you add any morc words to your

Thiik

0f a village, torvn or

et't '-r-:..sl-r r i ll
r',ap-:. -a-r.-Elur,
.sf

(ity

Explain your plar lo a pannct.

att

lors oJ

caltt in ttu c?nnc aI

Thit it dy fawurit. ctli hctt.

th. bus lation h.t ...

lemple (n)
c.isrle (n)
cathcdral (n)
clock t(^vcr (n)

t't

to||

*j'llJrr llElt;
:r,lar@lll\
oooooe1@j q
i-"=

Sletch a plan oI pan of it, putdnS in

Therc

j\IKe,{:,ffik
l.1Y- -' rl

oppotit

Llitf ^5't tcet

.-#*,#*=9ff\
garagc

/rcmpl/
Mu dni

/.kd0i:drdl/

/klrk.|au6(rY rMp ddng h6

(n)

rcligioo
lcisure

(n)

(n)

/g'!ro:r/

garc 6to

/ri'lidJor/

t6n gido, tin

/lcro/

I e rtnh

rd,i

nguA8

Peopie and places

Pronunciation

Language focus: Giving directions

Find

exprssions in tapescript 6.2 io match the diagEm'

-o-; word stress

I

---r

--l

_ll

t-

t-

"1il

"^

t-w-) r->).
Wod<

'&2

with a padner Roleplay the conveEations,

Look at this lisr of words. Write them

in lhe couect .olDmnr.

catlei
lake
a.en't
station
park

again bald
6pidl I ancient
calm ? waterr
sawj todayJ
naturall hand
6sistant came I fat -

You are

You are at

I
4

in

fie

car park in

$e slarion,

small
way

sia.t
man

final

walk

.%t
!si.g

r,'re

Work.with a partDer- Givc dircctions for these situations,

using the map and expressions from the conversations

be pronounced in

several difierent ways.

%
gl

The vowel -o-

a The vowel -a-.an

Mill Slreer. Someone

b
c

asks you the

E
El

6.t

Lislen and check

rr.: riskn

again ana repeat.

2 Words with three syllables

a Look ar $ese words wirh three

Somcone asks you the way ro rhe

hospital.
You are in iron! of the school- Someone asks you fte way to
the Post Office.
You are in Carlton Square. Someone asks you lhe way to the

syllabler.
newspapel togethet understahd
Say these words- Mark rhe syllable

with a partner. You are outsidc your pla.e of work or

\ludy. A\k fn' d',d sive dirdcrions ro pla(c\ i )urrr drer.
Work

n#l"i"r

,.
invoducJ!

EI

6.a Lisrer and check.

d which syllablc usually

has the srress

and which syllable rarely has the

'Jrst keep gaing nund ahd rcurd at the lighLt.

pa* (,r) i'karpo:k/

!q',rc (n) /skwco/

li

ba; dnu
qudne hd;hg
,rrrulnelrt an) /'o:sjuln.nt sd tranh cdi, st tranh IuAn
car

propcrty

(n) /'prrpoti/

(n)

lake
inlLoduce

lt

iW

cda

cii, tai sdt

h,6

(v) /,in'.ra'dj\:s/ Eidi thiiu

6 People and

places

Extension: Reading and listening

It was a normal day ...
Language focus: Participles as adjectiv

Here are the beginnings of three srories. Each

person is talkina about a normal day when

somethins unusual hnppened.

Complete these sentences from the stoies,

a Look at these words and phrases.

b Rrdd the storier and wrire rhe words rnd phrdse\ in
rh

interesting inte'ested boring

.orre.i.olufrns.
wife
windows

tea

meetlng

break quiz show

house husband

radio

bored

totollv

|'n

telephone newspaper rcol

cardigan Sahh Harvey sofa

us

with out tuaiooe

neeting.
le t
how wu ehenbet thee de
I wonted to tolk obout il but he wosn't
lr wos o nker

The adjectives in the box are padiciples.

Aodng is the present padiclple of the velb bor
h dewibes something that bores you.

bank

This

prcgrcnne bores me. lt's bodng.

Bo.ed is the past participle. lt descibes how y

leel aboLt something.

fhis prcgrcnne borcs ne. I'm boted.

Wrlte the participle adjectives for each of ihes

vebs, Some of them are in the sto.ies. What (

worry shock stLn interest

excite fiighten thrill

? what do you think

1
2
3

Now find out what happened.

a El r.: tisten ro rhe complere stories in the radio

prog.ammc aDd .ompare your ideas.

Add these words and phrases to the 6b1e in

.\

1.

slitcase wife and children green jumper

DJ bag of tools clp of tea safe
4

6
7

Discuss these questioDs,

I which rtory is the most interestinS? why?
2 gow do you think .he lives of tbe people
changcd allcrwards?

Then what happened?

now did you feel?
What did you (or o$er people) do?
Ilow did $e vent change your lile?
tca break

(n)

/'ti:'breik/

sid nsht Eidi lao

cardigan(n) /'ko:digbt

(adj)

real
lriat/
imaeinary (adj) /i'mi!d3inori/ ttt}nE tddng
ndu
/frim&V
format

(n)

depres.

l4ost meetings are boredlbonlg.

feel very ttedltirlnq after that walk.

thought that Robin's story was ihe most
inte r e sted / i nlet e sti ng.
Katherine felt very dep.esed/depressins aft
her husband left
David's iamily were lrghtenedlftightehing b:
their experience.
Why a.e we so lrterestedlintetestinq in athe
peop e s lives?
Ihat. was a shikedlsho&ing stoty.
I
I

Work with a partner. Talk about these lhings,

using the adjedives.

Honot frlns orc fngh@ninq.

I feelhghtened when I wstch one.

5 Re-rcll onc of the stories, usins the completc

table oI words and phrases in l.
6 Write your own story (rcal or ima8inary) for
It wns a ortudl day, BinS this format:
. Set fte scene. What was happeninS?

.
.
.
.

bore

happened? work iD groups

and .omplete the storics.

':

tire

horor

films English

globa warming

violence on television yourjob or studle

the future the British Royal Famiy

>

See
p

Rflecting on Lcarning

ll:

Ways oilear

l2l.
lan s,lhg

stun (v)

fiightn (v)
dcprcss (v)

s61

/'ft^itnl
/di'prcs/
larm nEA LhaE

slobal warmins (phr) /'slouhal'w..mi\/ st n6ns lin tnd

People and places

frobin s siory

yea$ ago

so

ll]is about 22.

ll l^rs t!,0

lil]r

al

lhe

was

and

dso lhe stnger

lh a band if
mY lrr0 lrme Anyt/ay
\ve were b!rtiJrnn
$ft hou5p5 near Farnham r Surrev. ll
iJ

llisab0!lllaJpag|len n

IJre mo Ifq and

[]0sl0llhe other me0 u,ere havtno
thetr le,rl
bcrl They were thlellinq to the rad o. i
!1,s

ur0rlllg on lhe

ro[]

years ago
aUoul er0ht
0 clucl tn tne cver rn0. We were
srlrfo in
lh l/yiirg io0rn i.4y husbJnd rvas 5r
rno rn
rn ar n,hari He was reirnO rhe pape;as
le al@ays d d I was tna on re sota I
ras lnr rng 0ur dauqhler w,rs p\peclino
a

vas ryorkll0 as a

luildsr

ail d

Kalhe ne s story

ll$/a! llearty ten

root ot ore ot tle

nte tie

h0!sr! Ihrs vJrs ,nothef quy

near

asj!llling lhe wndovr's

oi the fext

bJby vo! see

uas Lnrrtn0

or

, tr

te

\ir,rs There wrs

was Sttike

t sr qandchrd _ an; I
caldrqaf t0r rl Vet ow. it
I

r qu;show of

lhe TV lr

it Lucky. tsni it irlersstjng how

walchiIg

iusl

it

We

having

David's slory

0h yes

can
remernber it as il
/l was yesterday

lhe lime
bank.

j i

at the
was

having a meelrng

were all stllnq arourd lhe brg tJbte

rn my
wa9 a ftther boflng nectrno, b rl

ollce ll

mosl meel/ngs are I suppose Anvw;v

wh le Sarah H,rr!ey the assrstdnt ,nanaoc;
vr'as speaktng, my secrelary caoe jn

lhese detaits? Bul

n0rmal

sard Theres a

afd

phone

tou Well -r
n0rnrartV mV secrelary does t
rnlerrupt ./t:
meelirgs tor phone ctts. Sle 13kes
a /+,
messJqe So I v/as surplsed wnen
lhe
cJrne in lts your \,nls,slte sard
Shesav(
il s urOent I was ralher wOrned
dl lh6. ;v

evenin0

suddenly ...

caItor

wife doegn tpantc eas ty.

hrrlv)

hrr

h.Vccring(a brby)

/b| rkspetln/ co,?kns

srrlt(nl

Aro

t/

don (ten,

,,ha^,;,,

sctt...l

rnrcrrupr (v)

/lnt6'tl\pl

su.prisc (v)

/s6'pra;2./ Idn

prnjc (v)

/nrnik/

ldn gidn (toan

neac nhiin
lAm h.ntg so

7ln your life

Grammar
The present perfect tense
Grammar in use

I rook at the pbotoaraphs.

a Mat.h the names to the famous siShts.
b whcre is each one?
EiffelTower
Mahal
Parthenon
Liberty

The
The Taj
The
The Statle of

7.I

The

ryamids

Suga. Loaf I'lolntain

The Colo$eum
Sydney Opera Ho{se

Read and listen to rhcse

A Hav you seen the Taj Mahal?

B No, I haven't but I've always wantd io.
A Hav you ever viriled rhe Panhnon?
B No, I havenl ben to Grcecc.
A Hav ycu evcr been to New York?

''

Yes, I hr.ve. It's a 8reat city.

'i

56

ln your life
Rules

Practice

The dialoSues use the prerehr pcrlccr tense.

Find an example of lhcJe forms:

I
a

IT
b

.
.

a
a

positive statemeni
ncSarive statement

shori answer

b
2

what other form otthc velb lollows the

played try ti.tl

live liwd ttop ttopp.d

play

of conmon vcrbr bave an ineSular IEst

particlple. Find the pasr pafiiciples ol rhese verbs in
lhe iist of i rtaular verbs otr the insidc back cover.
A lor

be come hear (o0 take 9o

Ive drive rd
have
3
a

eat

pertr.t tensc?
in crahmrr in ure 2 agrrn

Non,look at

rllir diatoSue. which

renses are used?

A Bavc you becn lo New York?

B Yer,Ihave, lt s a areat city.
A when did you 80?
B We went !he.e two years ago.
A Did you see the Slarue of Libeny?
D Oh yes, we s:w all lhe lamous siShrs.

al the dialoSucs
wc know what tim rhc people are lalkinS

Look
Do

tell

when do wc use thc present

Mat

ll

pasr

prcstlll

an

a(iun

class has been to rhe mos.

plac?

Work with a partner. Choosc from thc verbs in

Rulcs 2 to ask and answer about these things.
ThcD find out some more derails.
an Indian restauranl
a nde on a camcl

thc Towr ol Lordon

windsurlinS

Have you

(ew)

No,

Have

When did yau

ice hockcy

Be.liD

the Yenus de Milo

b.en to an tndiaa

ftrt4uftnQ

I hawn'|, but t'w alwalt vankd

wn

rou (ever) b.en

w6

to aA

to?
it?

to.

lndian rcstaurcnt?

Wo did yor ro with?

Did you cftjoy it?

Wc also use thc preseDt pcrfct rense to.alk

about experienccs and resuhs in thc 16::,,
past- Again, we tlsc the pas. simplc tcnse. )
talk about the details.
Look al lhe questiomaire. Add lwo nore quesrions.
Complel. the questionqaire about you$ell.
Ask rwo suraenrs rhe qusrions and

fnd oul moft

drails.

I an a(,on ar an indefinile rimc

pedc( i

a
b

rhe renscs io rhe uv's:

simplc

who in the

r
.

2 How do wc nrake past parrlciplcs?

a Tlrese are regular pasr paniciples. How do wc make

Look at thc phoros.aphs asain.

Work wilh a panner. Ask and anrwr abour thc
placcs in the photographs, as in the erample
dialogues.

We makc the prrnt perfrcr rnse with th ve.b

& raw .nd d l,asi pa icipl.. ldenruy lhcse parls in
the djalogus.

them?

ar a dclinrre Lime in

Have

yo

bought anything

A Oh, what did you bt1y7

A I bousfu a CD ard a tw.atthitt.
sl

rules for rhe prcscnt perlcct rensc in

Glammar Rcfcrencr 7.1.
Check rhe

n D

s2

Detailt

D D

I]

D U

n n tl
tr

tr

tr

! ! !
tr ! !

tl

Tell the class somc resuhs from your questionnaire.

Maia hat t borlhr ak)thing rece Ab th? tbeentothe

.in.nd. Sh.w lait triday with h.tIncnd. Thly w...

cl(n)
measlcs (n)
{a

windsurfi ng

/'k!Emol/

lm;.zl2l

ice-hockev(n) /iis'h)ki/
/'trriJ
loffy(o)

lac da

&r& sdi

(n) /'windsorfit/ nr6n h16t

fin

budm

qustionnairc (n) /kwsuo'nco

ma hfraat tan

bdng

le td.i

(r/ bdn odu h6i dd thdn d.' ! hid;t

7 ln your life

Vocabulary

Reading

Homophones and
homonyms

Where are they now?

Rcad thc cxtract from a masazine and answer th.se

o{ .i,tlrl*iri.ren4! in EDalish
have the same sound as another

Alot

I whcrc i\ ir fruml
2 who i\ rhr mJsJTine fott. \ 'l '1^ I d
t WhJri\lh5vlrionolrhemdEa/.nedbour.'., .' 3
4 What docs rh cdiro! ol the masazine want?

word but rdil+eeq tspeujlrg and

FrfrinS: These are .alled

"

c"k tv

Whete are they now?

a can you ftink ol any

U/hat has happened

more?

A I think I've just

tolqlocr siqEmls of Bri.dley

r l.- :.'

Chris Bowker and Sharon Wadnt

seen a bar.

have got

A Ove.lheir in the would. It was buy

that big tree on the wrire.
sea anylhinS. Bu! weight a
minure. I can here somelhing.
You're write. But watt is ir?

itself.
Yes, it's vely week. It's hun

i$

someth ng new. She has been i.

Australia for six months a.d she is

2 words which

have the same sound

and spellins but a different
meanins are called homonyms.

whar ditferent manings can you find

lor these words? Use a dictionary to

enjoying every minute ol it.

2 Look

help you.

left iat
pl.y fne

lift

country
present

and ihey have

l-esley Mlller has gone to work lor the

Kangaroo Teevision Company in Sydney.
Until last year she worked for 8YI Radio
in London, but she wanted to try

A Oh, Iook. I sore it that time.

B lt's a dog. The paw thing has hurt
A

mared

bought a house in York. Chr s is

siil at York lflversity, He has
wo.led there ior live years now.

B I can't

CoLlege?

si449!r!cv! !!!!tro
I clsl[edomelluleds to
rh" Fd tor. TL'is \ed' re 5d,pl!-- .ed lne lor. 49 i.brndron
P g.ese

b Correa rhe spellinS mistakes in thh

Whar kind ol news do you think the magazine normally

.epons aboul former srudenrs?
What news do you think it doesnt publish?

Read rhe two letters to the editor and answer thc

Make two sntences Ior each word 10

illus.rate tbe dillerences in meaDing.

who are they from?

What is theil relationship with the editor?
Who do tley contain inJormatioD about?

4 work
a

at the news about formcr saudents an,l answer the

in groupr. You dre the editors ot rhe mrgr?ine.

Discuss these questions.

What iDfomation do you have about the peopl

ir

the

photographs?

which inlormation would you

use for the maSazine? why2

Put the inJormation lhat you would us in the table.

homophonc(n) /hrmofoun/

il

ci cnng cdch doc nhtng

Didt vd nEhia hluic nhau

hc'nony']l(n) /'hrrnoninv tit dtjng nn

section

5a

(n)

i'sekJn/

rceiv (v) hi'si:v/

nhan dlt tc
publish (v) /'p^bli"i/ ruit bdn, c6ng bd
cdiror (n)
/'ediI6/ biin td3 viGn
collse (n) /'krttd:t tttirlg dai hac, cao danE

ln your life 7

rI

14

BrindLey

Language focus:
The present perfect with for and smce

L2

Bufletln

a
Pttg 9g,r

!L'

;t

I
:{

fll

.ri?i.,ff *

ilft #*l::jttr:tFil:

.
.
b

sr'"

Look at these two sentences. Translate them

We've been

Find exampls ir the ltteE with to. and sirce.

Complel the rule with lo. and s/Dce.

fatchfulry

.
.

JokMeah

t)
:_l

flol tlnco Septenbet.

nonied ,or eight weeks.

I hove been in the

#jffi;iffi.-*r#ffi-'"
Yod6

u'" 1r'u frrtn'f F,f6 ul( uuo,t

she

she i:as qone back hdne.

Lrrere, hu. r c6rnoL

;;J*-,";",:rii:,,

1,y6

an action which staftd in (he pasr and

continues in the present

idpi !T*H tr*+""r.{"ffi.:

i" - 11^l"i nw

She's been i, Ausiolio for six nonths.

ls shc there now?
Shc @s in Austtulio for si, nmth9
ls shc therc now?

Complerc rhe rules w.th the nanes of lhe renses.

trtilffH#l'**"{:,,.
F".s""u b..r ro Mexico.

lh. queslons,

m*

$l

We us
We

use

-.fqcrv.

with a peiod of t me.

with a ooint in time.

Check the rules lor lor and slnce in Grammar

5N

'firlh!^,. u"

to*

""*

unnavr'

ch?\tt'\1

Complete the phrases with /br or slnce,

5AM

-Qu-- rggr

ho?a vao'ro

d6tlv ln

c/oc*

ninutes E$-

kts

nne

Wednadoy

L,tt<

lost

wk

-a
Write two sentences about yourself, lslng

tor

*c lhcttE.

r"-. o* - to wt,.t'l' n 6irca e\ a'v' ^nd

"
't8a6
XTiiilJ,"i;"*
'a '(vara'6^4tlva
'" ""$k
w'tc\ ||aa andcr't''tt ?tv
a'*'
)
,1"'"i

i$two

........-lhrce

*^ -' to'vou'\t{h'ft a" thc! ro'/?

H:,]xrr*"
'i*-n*i*i u.^,
- nasvtn*'
tni
^*"^Poftanrvr
\!-) -' ' . , * "^ ^".ua i.b it'| ttuc ^1A wbd' rh' tcv
a'd t'm nsdtv in td' ttt\ ht4
!^ii'i,,1"'"! *i",
^*t "'n n' aatntA t' *o't'
ir"^"*'* ii1i' "p'**"\awn\

-i,

- wtat a
"^i '-ii"*",
tot ctst& E c\e
ur.","" *^
*ii'
^o
"*"cd
hr nncl

.*" kMa and cottn J"\5ot'ha!'lu hadlll'tt

21d
Ih'
'w^5'.cn'4'tw
ha'
"",* ^:" ^tepMa'r
o
ca"a
ot''v aL
'n

H"; *"Y,,liii".i

"i" **"
i^i^7r'i-'"
*?S

dBcA ro*n, 6a hc'1 b.a1

ook at the senlences am answe

He's wfted therc fat five yeo6.
Does he
there nd?
He wwked therc lot lw yeo6.
Dos he wolk there row?

*Ttffi i*-_-:".6ffi ffi r:iil:;

;:":5,::1:,3'

31! or uade

Dea!

*,

^**
i,

olt

**"

r'

"n

af watr 6lncc

lrn',

naPlcn'd to Jatol

Sdsn H'6 i^

f:Y::::"
"it:[';:"x:n-:.xx.:1i;'W

iiiii

r-""ai

""",n",; "'

\ldl,l ftnbr closa now Ofc

?.5. HoP, You llkc

ihc

tat

Plccyl

Ao||

*"y

Write the magazine ardcle. Usc the

informatlon chart fiom 4.

vou are a former student of Brltldley colleSe.

wriae a lctter !o ahe editor with news about
yours.lf and I wo othcr lormer rludcnrr.

rcmporary(adj) /'temprori/
nusnificcnl vicw.heg'nifisnt vju:/ p/tons cd?*

(n)
(n)
gucss (v)
fraud (n)
period (n)
gossip
skunk

tulet diqu

I'sjsipl
/sk^qld

nguiti dlinE kinh

lqes/

rr:.nl
/piariod

s( lila Aqt

Eiti dogn

7 ln your life

Listening and speaking

Meeting visitors
Martin $,orks for a travel coDrpnny. llc is merting a forign
visiror ar thc airport.
look ar lhe photographs. whal questbns do you think he will

Look ar this list ol names.

London
lnge trndst.or
th. Lak Oistrlct
the Park
Maria toma

l4an.hestr
the C osleroWilliam Wordsworth

lhe Bombay
Windror C:sil

c E zz r-incn ro lhe conveNtionr. Ick (/) lhe namcs you hcar.

d Why is each name mentioned in th conveBarions?

2 Marlr thcic senrcn(cs Ir!t. \/l ot

l:uls.

\l).

I Ma.lin is at ihe airpon when lnge arrivs.

2 Hc has comc to thc airpor. by car.
I Be offeN io (arry tnge's suitcas.
4 lnge has owr bcn to the nonh of England.
t she spenr a holiday ir london livc years a8o.
6 Manin waitr at thc hotel lor hcr.
7 Inle has ealen lrdia food before.
8 Manin has ncvcr been ro rhe Bombay before.
9 l 8e hasn't 5ccn the p.oSrammc for hcr visit yr.
l0 They're Soins lo lhe Lake Distnd on Saturday,

n
n
tr

!
!
!
!

tr

il

Crn you rcrncDrhr whnt rxpresrions Manin uses ro say

thcse things?

.
.
.
.
.

was the aeroplane j ou r.ey all righl?

I'li carry lhe luggaSe Io. you.
Arc you hun8ry?
15 rhe horl room all right?
Did you lik. lhe lood?

a Compare your ideas with a parher,

b El z2 Lisrcn asair and check.

Work wilh a parlncr. Rolepby the (onvcrsa.ions bcrween

Manin and h8e, usiD8 lapcscrlpt 7.2.

lmaAine a forcitD visitor is.omin8 to your town.

a Work wilh

a panner. OD. ofyou ir the visilor, oDe is ftc host.

Thc visitor is coming lor a confercncc, but will hav sonc lrce
time ro see things. He/She is arriving by plane ar 7.00 prn.
Dccide

fie lollowingl

Host whal a.rangments haye you made lor a hotel/a mcal^hc

@nfcren.c/lrec lime? what qurrions will you ask lo mak.
lhe visilor tccl welcome?

Vi\ilo.

How do you leel when you arrive? What do you already

know aboLt thc town or counlrry? what would you like io do

in your iree time? Do you have any questions about your

Roleplay rbe convcnation.

acroplane(n) /cor6plcir./

(n) / qd\il
(o)
host
/hous/

confcrcncc
visiror

truiy bay

60

chi nlld, chi

(n)

(n)

joumey

tioc

nonrDrons/

lvizi\o/
wclconre(adj) /wclkon/

hAi n8hi, h6i

tdo

ln your life 7

Pronunciation
l0l, l6li auxiliary verbs
1

/0/ and /6/

The sounds

/0/ and /d/ are common sounds in EnSlish. They are

botb mad with fte tip oI fie to.gue aga'nsr $e top

in t n.
rra.
circle rhe wolds wirh rhe /0/ sounds.

/0/

ii voi.eles.

/a/ is voned.

as

as iD

t bath these .{
4 slnbathe { mouth lrhe
, something a three /t weather ihat ll lather 2?
/ Thursday d tenth l, brolher thre t with 7i
I thousand r both riooth athrow ,/thideen

b El z.:

I-isrcn, check

ald

rcpeat.

Alxiliary verbs: strong and weak forms

somc auxiliary verbs (ra", .a,, dd) ar.ormally
unstrcssed and have a reduced vowel sound. These
a.e called weak lorms.

thrq
llave you beetlo

NN

Yark?

n/

Canyou

ein?

In shorl answers thc auxiliary verb is strcsscd with

the lull vowel sound. These are called nrong torms.

Look ar fte auxiljary verbs in ftese dialoSus. circle

lh auxiliary verbs wirh rhe strong forms.
Are you goiog to lhe cilcma?
B

C:in I sive you a haDd?

B No, ir's all ri8ht. I can do ir.
Do you like this proSramme?
B
Has Joho had lunch?
ts

Were lhe Johnsons going ro the party?

ll
How was your trip?
B

8A
...."

bEl
cEl

verb

h:g'ziljori vo:b/ tnr d4ng ttj

tii,r
sunbrthc(v) /'s^D'bcin/
auxiliary
longue

(n)

/t^n/

",i"g

7.4 rislen and.hck7..1 Lislen ajqain and reDeat.

unstressed(adj) /,An'strsv

dialoguc(n)

/'d!iolrg/

moulh

/,nauo/

(n)

7 ln your life

Extension: Reading and listening

Two brothers
I

62

Discuss thesc qucstions.

I Have you ever moved house?
2 HJve you ever lived in rnorhcr counlry?
I lf not, r4,ould you like 1o do i1her of lhes
$ings? why/why nol?

Look at !h story and answer the qustions,

I What are the two brorhe6' names?

2 Which b.othe/s lile dor the text describe?
I whar does he lhink about his lile?
4 whai des he think aboul his brcther's lilc?
t what do lhc phorcSraphs show?

ln yoLrr I fe 7

Two Brothers

2 Ee/ visit/ the capital cily several rimes

I Emilio and Pilar/ be married/ over filty yea6
4 They/ lead/ a peacelul liie

niLio and MaximiLian are brothers. Thcy are

borh old men now. Tl,ev \rew up r.'geth<r on a
irrn in Arsentina, but since then rhey have led
very differenr lives. When Emilio left school at the
age offouneen, he starred work on rheir father s
farn.lle reaLly enpyed the simple village life and
when *ren father died, Emilio took over the farm.
AIL his tife Enltio has iived in rhe old farmhouse
where he was hom. 'l've neler wanted to live
anywhere elsc,' he says. 'This is my home. I feel
that l1n part of it and it is part

MJkc I'ue lenlcr.e\ rboul lhc lnothers, u\inB

this information and the present pe.fect tedsc.
r Emilio's life/ changc/ a lot

6 Eniiio/ work/ hard all his lile

7 Emilio aDd Max/ meet/ a long lime
a Emilio/ read/ about Maximilian in rhe
9
r0

What do you think Max's life has bccn like?

a Hcre are som lhings that have played a part in his
life. work in groups and dc.ide Max's lile nory.

ofne.'

prison divo..e ship Wall Street

intrnational jet set
model travel
car crdh
businessnan the Bahamd
drug addld
television millio.ake

Qo ror ovcr 70 ycd6 EmrLot lrie has chmged

i-J"er|rnlc. Wh.n he was 22, he maried his
childhodd swcctheart, Pilar,
and

fron the nexr village,

thcy havc bcen happily married ever since.

Two years ago they ceLebrated their golden

weddinp anniversary.

It

Max/ do/ a lot oI intc.esd.g thinSs

Ernilio/ !ce/ his brother on lelevision

El z.s ristcn to ttrc story of Maxjmilian's lire

and check your ideas.

celebration.
Everyboc.r lrorrr miles around was there, includnrg
Emilio and :ita.'s six children md theit lifreen
w&s a big

grandchildren.

En, io anJ nld' h.trc ncver been abroad. Un'il

Lh. wr,60, Fh,lio w(nr ro Buunos Aire, on.c a
his sixtieth bhrhday he h6nt lefr
the village. 'Well, yes, I've had a sood life,' he says,
'but I haven't done very much. Now, look at ny
brother, Maximilian. He left the village as sbon as
he harl the chmce. He hasnt visired us very much
in rhe l^r Menry ye"n, bur we ve rcal abour him
in the newspapen and we've seen him on TV, too.
Yes, Max hu had a very interesting life.'

yeai, but sincc

Discuss the questio.s, comparinS the livcs of

r
2

How does each brolher lect about his life?

which brolher do you think has had lhe

I
4

Which brother do you think is happier?

Which way of lile would you preler? Why?

7 IhaEine rn unu(url litcsrylc.

Here Jre

\om(

Work in a group of four. Each !,crson .akes

different role. Imagine your life sro.y.

Take it in rurns 1() be intcrviewed by rhe group. The

group asks questions to find out as much as possible

n.ad the text and mark rhc scnrences

Fake ll) or Don t k ote l?t.

I
2

4
5
6

Emilio hds |ved iD rhe rarDe pld(e dll hi\ Iire.

II has become very rich.
He is 74 yea.s old.
He me! lilar when he was twenty years ol(l.
He has been maoied dree times.
nmilo and ?ila. have bcen marrid for
52

7
8
9
t0

rrre (,/),

yeats.

They went to Paris lor ihir

Maximilian is a
l{e js youn8er than

honcymoon.

iarme..
Emilio.
He has been on lelevision.
ll He was at the solden wcddin8.
l,rke over

(v)

famhousc

Haw loag hale you been a ...?

Wht rlitl yor becane a . -.?
How nuch nahe! hdrc you made at a

d
n
tr
I
tr

n
n

D
tr
n
tl

W.ite lhe rrory of

nEtui rAu

.?

life so lrr, u\ins this

.
.
.

whal you have done and when you did it.

where you have livd and when you iived rhie.
lhe main evenls in your personal lile.
Commenl on your lile. What has it ben like so far?

goldeo weddins (n)

annivcNary

swcelhea4(r) /'swilho:V

Describe and Sive some details about

/teik'ouvo/

(n) /fb:mhauY

'our

0,

chanc (n)

honeymoon (n)

tdn ti hj nQn
lEo',lldbt'w.li4l &im ctJA udna
/,ani'vo:sori/ ld h! ni;rn

/{o,ns/
/h nimu:n/

cd

h6i

tudn trdns mAt

63

Acknowledgements

n@,.d byrhc F bdo/ $y rloD.

sp.lh)'Pnl.lFlMo'\lAs[Ukji.d
tur'<. MrLoi(. r),burD., srov.nh),

6r). calbt,rc(r,i.

\r. ,n4 cdtto1h D4q,hs

(rr. rra),

tPnt

Internation.l Phon6tic Alphabet

140

(lf

8 Food and health

Grammar
Countables and uncountables;
some and any
Grammar in use

Rules

t
a

I
a

b
2

Look at the tcxt.

Ansr,v.r lhe queslloDs.
L What is il about?
2 what is fie purpose ol thc dtet?
t Who is il for?
4 Why is it callcd rhe Pyramid dict?

Look at the two t.oups of words.

Answer the qutstions.
which can w mak plural?
2 Which can we use 4 or a/| with?

Rcad the text and completc lhe diagram.

potato appl vitamin I bread pasta .alcrunr

Discuss these qucstions.

I Is the PyEmid diet sdlsiblc?
2 Is it appropriare for everyonc?
I would it provide aD interesting diea?

Wrirc rhe words lrr@@tabL

of the .orrect .olumns.

alJld

countabL at the

top

c lind more examples oI both tt?es oI noun in the texl.

Chck the ruls lor countablc and ucounbble
nouns in Grammar Reference 8.1.

THE PYRAA{ID
FOOD

7;l

(' srL

we ve lEd them all - the High Fibre

dier, rhe Protein diet the llip and
Thigh dier. And here's lhe latert - the
4/rarid dier. Bur thii isnt a diet to
help p@ple lose \dight. lt'5 a diet ror
a hearthy rire. The Fyramid diet is

!ry

simple. Oifferent kindr of food are at

different ievel5 of tte pyramid. The

hiqher up the pyrami4 the less you

(n)
(n)

puryose

/'p6rpDs/

diel
scnsiblc
fibre

/'dd6,

cIE d4 dn

(adj) /'scnsobv hcp I!

(n)

TYPI':

tf^ibot

shturd eat

the boftom ol the

Mamid are^lcomplex .arborrydrates

llke bread, past? and potitoer. These
pro\r'cte fibr a.|d fErq/. Atrut 5096
yo(r did should be co.nple(
caruohydrares. Ar rl,e serofid l!l are
frult and vegtibles, such ar apples
and carro6, Theie should be about
3096 ofyour diet They provide
of

hitne

complex (adj)
carbohydrate (n)

viEmins and minerals as wellar tibre

Above irlrit and vegetables are tlre
proteiftrich foods like meat, iish.
be:ns and chees. fte' alro provide
a lor of calcium, IIFF proteirHich
foods should be about 1896 ofyour
diet. At the top olthe p,rcmid arc fa!
oli and sugar. We lhould eat as litrle
ar po$jble ol thinqs at lhis l6/el.

/'krmpleks/

/,ko:bouhridrei, (hai h@ hydra.t-cacbon

/vedJ(i)tobl/
vcsctable(n)
prolcin-rich (adj)

gidu prorein

Food and health 8

Whn do we use rorrd? Wbcn do

E s.r Read and listen to rhis dialoSuc.

Vocabulary

Mak a rule Io.

Food and drink

Na,

I'n

ary man.y fot the patkin! na.hin.z

sotry. I hav.n't got ahy cath on m. at all.

Oh,

ih

OK I @n

'I

Hdw lou got

[E
B
A
B

t t to . .hang.

ar

trLc

tlap

ovet there.

th.re any appkt?

Y4, but they

arck't.tcly

Look at these ditfcrent kiuds of

food and drink.

Put c (countable) or U (uncounrable)

bsidc each one.

whcre doer each one so on thc

8.2 Now read aod lisren ro these dialoSuei.

At

rrl?

wc usc

gootl. Sh411w 94 tom. atuqes intEad?

wautd yau like tanc coll;e? I le iust nad. ton .

0hyet, pleate. Could I hale tane tryar
it, pl.atc?'thahk.

yogh!rt

i,

cxmples of rrtn. and arl. Ar lhcrc any thar dont follow

Find

norully

e99s

lor porjove 5taremenb dDd--l:+ lor

negative statemcnts and quesdons, 8ut when a queslion ir an
We

use

--h

oller, suggestion o! requcst, we usually use

>

Chcck the rules

lor rorr. and

arl in

Gra m

Doi

-!:j:,

mar Reference

a. I .

Pnctice

'I

ham

.. 1r.Jr'"!

(.;l'r r

'

look at this list of words.

meat tomato money envelope paint

ca paper apples information news
a

cod

pencil

Wtid of thes ftings are uncourable in English?

b ls this the same

in your

om

Can you rhink of any morc rlDes ot

Iood lo add to rhe py.amid?

laDguaSe?

2 Comple(e.hcsc seniences with sor.'or arr.

I Can I have,lL more milk, please?
I fias Jane 8ot _L brorhers or sirrers?
I I haven t 8ot _L work ro do.
4 Is there _l: ncws about the rcw projc(?

I ve go!

There

_!- news for you.

-lL_ infomation or rhe computcr
7 woutd you lik _l:_ help?
6 Could you gcl me _!- sramps, please?
9 we wenl our with _4_ tuiends last night.
l0 h there L winc le ?

Make

isnl

dialosus like .his, using rhe words

milk

equipment

2 what do you eat in a rypical day?

a Make a llst ol what you eal and in
whal quan riesb Compar your list io th pyramid.
what differmces are ther.2
abour lhis.

in 1.

B IIo\) hudtlnany do tou ne.d?

A
4
a
b

0h, anlr a

littlctew.

invited two friedds to dnxrer ronighr.

Work with a lanrcr and plan a healthy thre-cou e meal.
Compa.e your dinncr wilh other srudenrs in fte class. Whole
You have

dimcr is the h.althicsr?

chans

(n)

ltJcind)l

cnvelopc(n) /in'velop/

(n)
(n)
slamp

project

/prodrckt/

/stnnp/

tiAt

IA

phonA

dt

dn

bi

spashc(i (n) /spb'Ecti/

marsarinc (n) lmo:djotinJ tu thtrc
prawn (n)
tuna (n)

nOt

lqi

lAt
c'i ngd
55

a Food and heallh

Reading
The Big Man
1

I
2
t
4
t
6
2

.t the pho(ographs and thr arti(lc.

AEwr thrsc quottions.
Look

who

i3

ft.

I
2
t

man?

whr dos he liv.?

Whr: is hi5 probl.m?
is hc doinS aboul il?
ls hc succssful?
How does he wanl to hlp othr peoplc?

whar

Rcad

the..ticle. wllat

slgnificance docs each

numl,cr havc in ihc story?

25 43
a5 9

ro 630 za
12-15 96 a

Ma.k thcsc lentencesTrue \/1, Fats \t) o

250
2

lcr ov.r ,1OO kilos ln ren monrl

llls waist m*su!mnt is I19 inchs.
waltr har

h. didn
usually .at lun.h,
wahr uscd to spcnd almosl lhe wholc da'
He usd to cat a bis brc.kfast, but

in

bd.

t waher beSan his diet lcn months a8o,

6 H only ats orc mal a dny now.
7 waher is two m.trcs rall.
6 H slill watches TV mort ol lhe day.
9 Thrc arc a lot ol adver$ Ior food o. Tv.

The

Mar

he's enormour. He weighr over

250 ftilor. And yet waller is on a

hadljns ten monlhs ago. He f

over on hi5 way ba(k f.om th
bathroom and became stuck in

waher Hudron

i5

Walter'r 5e.ret world finally hit

big. ln {act,

diet. Het losing weight dt an

incredible nine kiloi a wek. He
usd ro wiqh ovr 530 kilos.
That's more than hall a ton, and

doorw6y. lt tookgight poli(e

and tiremen lo f.ee him.

8lrt that incident changd hh li

While h wat lying on the tloor
h de<ided that enough wa! en
The next day he narted his diet
didn't iust (ut down on food, h
nopped eating compltely.

i(r

haviei than a{ar o. a

young elephanl. At hi5
maximum iire Walter's waist
war 119 inde3. His ne(k was ar
thick as a woman's waisL His
bi(epr were ar big as an
average man s (hest.

llir diet was jun a5 imprestive.

lie ured to eat enough toleed
thr famllieJ- For breakfast he
ole two pounds oJ sautdget,
lwo poundt of bacon, twelve

eggr

;rouad of bkcuitr, six

Danish pa'triet, a pot of colle

and fqlit pint5 ot orange luice.

l-r,nch and dinner wre vn
bigger. Then there were the
rnacks between mealr, During
the morning he ate twelve

doughnuts.
Ea(h ahernoon he ate len larg

packets of crisps and in the

eveninq a couple o{

fam,ly.s'red p,zrar.

top of_allthat

he

On

,)

draak 96 (ant of roft

driEke. Th.t war one

J(
.

,l

cnornrous(adj) /i'nr:rnov
incrcdibl

66biccps

(adj)

(o)

(n) fdo].loAtJ
(n)
/prki,

doushnur

/in'kedobV hltr'nl tM
/baiseps/

01

&ip t"y

tn ddlc

packct

cxhaustine

hinh nin

96i nhi
(adj) lig'zristil]./ Iom hiit etc

Food and hea th

Discuss thse questions.
I How do you fecl abour Waher's
story? Do you {eel sorry lor him?

Vocabulary

.rpreisior of quadity.

Mat.h the expressions to the picturcs.

dink of pcople wilh

they

a piecc of paper'\
a bag of flour :r
a packer of rea
a cd" o' Core ' ,

U$ thete exprcssions ro help you:

'tltt itfl't th.ir owh lark.

It\ be&ut.

'j

1'

t. wAk/|reedl

two bottles of water i i tube oi g ue

two canons of milk /. a loat of br6d
a bar ol.hdolate . hxo pounds/ |
a iar of earmalade / a kilo of oeel

b
cAq ,^"Uq"Qffi.-fiD

ttupid/unhappt/ilL
we

file: Quantities

To give quantities of unco!ntable nouns we

Whar other kinds of catlng

disorders or addict'ons do you

what do you

aO

shoul.l/n t try to hclp rh.n-

fl..d ned,cal att.ntion/

und.$ta di ng/ adiee/ pu h it h ne nt.

They

ft s rhe paftnts'lreleisioh c/taciery't

-gP--

B"u'Swl{/h

Find all the words in the text lhat describe size, quantity or
weight and compiete the table.

t the

tell

life.
Inougl

Afts: walet at 2so t;lot

!t,

morning now he drinks a

(ocktail of vitamins in a pint of
oranqe jui(e, and during the day
h drioks a lot of water. And
thats it. He also take more
exe(ke now. He dill has a long
way to 90, because he wants to
getdown to 85 kilos. Thafethe
qht weight for someone of hit

he

Every

Language focus: used fo

b
>
c

(rt

too many of the

gredy (adj)
druc 0D

/dis')dD/

/o'dilutu
/ gri:di/
ldr^st

sV

ro mean?

, used ro?

Check the rules fofusd ro in G.ammar Reference a.2.

Whai did Walter's life use to be like? Write sentences using this
infomation and lrsed ro.

inches
W

watch

90 outside
stay in bed

Ask olher students about their llfe when they were chlldren.
Us rhis infomation &d Dtd you use to ..-?
have a hvourite toy
Where/ 90 on holiday
What sch&l subjecrs/ llke best
argue wth you parcnts

.
.

that hk exampLe will help other

overweight people, especidlly
dridren. He encouraqes mothers
to plt photos of him on the
fiidge door. i want paren3 to
sayto iheir kids, "Do you want
to look that biq? lfyou keop
putting your hands in the fridge,
then that s how you ll looii
That3 what Walter dkJ "'

addicrion

low do yoJ 01,nl we hake questions wr

119

ddvertt are about lood. Ue hopes

dkordcr (n)

,s.d

Wblet {fled to weigh ovet 630 kjk6, but row he weigl}s 25O kjbs.
He used to eat enaugh lor o fonily, but naw he doesn't eot anythihg.
He didn't use to toke any exercise, but now he exercises everf day,

height.
'Food,'says Walter, 'is an
addiction. lt s worse than drugs
or al(ohol. You can just stop
iaking them. But you need food.
And it3 everywhere.' Walter
doesn't witch television any
mcr', becau5e

Look at these sentences- What does

.
.

Write down sx lh ngs that used to be true abolt your life. Tell
a pa,tner about them and answer yolr paitner's quAtions-

t6i loqn

(n)

sg nshia.r

alcohol
overwcight

tham dn

encouragc

ma

tui

/f.lkohrll

rLt J.u

(adj) louvbvtcitl qwi Uo

(v) lin'kAtid)/ hhurai hhich
67

Food and health

Listening and speaking

ln a restaurant
'| You will hear (onversation( in a rer(auranr
a E s.l List@ rnd dck l/)what rhy ordcr.

aoeriul
tr wine
suncr
LJ aascn
satad
E coffec^ea
I a main coursc
D branay
El r.: mot at tle menu and lkten asaiD, wh
D

ttatt,tt

Ll
D

"ltttut.l
r.,-.L.
tt/.t'
J njti? .
tt.6oru.'t

an
a

dld fie peoplc car? Tick 1/) each person3 compk

ordcr. whar did thy havc ro drink?

Maia quuct
l,ilht h'tt rnh .n,t.tr
.nL ifi nt t.rltrt nK
^tlittt
ftt.t nL*

,itl 'irt ,n
t.^^, ,itt ttulth
(.U t ,, titl . t .t t.t.t n
t,n^ kt hrht..n,n ttnt, b\.t Irhtt)
D4ttrtt
inrtt
tt
ttt k ,r..,hrcx
t ,b t|rlt

t Jttit bttt
Lr'\ .rt tia.it'

balibur(n) /'hlt'libo/

gammon

krragon

garcau

(n)

aperitif(n)
6a

mon cd. bdn halibut

/'trrogon/ car nsdi E ttn

/o'pcroti7

(n) /gtman/

(n) lge-tarl
$orbcl (n) /$:bot

bdnh gato

hen laln bd,A

ntb hii

cny

Food and health

Conversation

Ordering a meal

Pronunciation

sy to
bill/ a receipt?

Silent lettersl sentence stress

lYhat do the cuslomeB

.
.
.
.

ask for a table/ the

order more water?

refuse dessert?
ask about the meal?

I
a

What expressions do they use

Do you

wt

to ey these ifings?

Silent letters
Some oI the words

in this lis. have

chcle lhe sileni

ers

o dn.k?

yau wont to udet dow?

l'd like ke soup, pl@se.
Da

ke soup ond ken ke lomb

Look at tapescript

chaps.

3 Make more conversations

s.a Lislen, check and repear.

2 Sentence stress

wod( in g.oups of three. Roleplay the

convcrsation, using tapescript 8.1.

English is a sfess-timed language. Unstresed

syllables are rhde loDSer or shorter to fit belween
rhe main stresses in a sentence.

in a restaurant.

&El s.i

in Sroups oi three. One sludeDt is the

waiter/waitress- two students are the .usromer.
I,lake conversalions using the mnu.
\Vork wilh a panner. Take i1 in rurn! lo be the
water/wai$ess and the customer.

a Wolk

.
.
.
.
.

leter.

4.3 and check your answers.

b m

Make conversa.ions

a silcDr

ca m wdll bald thumb bomb lamt

yrong rrite wlite _!iee _fnife lnow
yog-hlrt spaghetti halibut hotel hour
Ionest kept recipt accept selmon

hove o nine@l wotet.

t'tt hove

l.

Lislen to rhis senrenc.

when an I teeing tou lot lunch nen week?

ln this sentenc ftere

are lour main sresss. Thc

inlerval brwen each stress h rhe same. But how

lor ftese silualioDs:

many syllables are thr be$-veen

canl dcid what to hav.

The bill is too much.
The waiier brings lhe wrong ordcr.
The waiter doesnl spcak vry Sood English.
You order some d.inks but $e wailer lolgers
You

.
.
.
m

slresses

and 2?

stresses 2 and
stresscs

l?

and 4?

8.6 Usren

these dialogues.

I A Do you like these rousers?

B Yes, I do.
2 A Wherc's my peD?
B It s on ihe desk.
I A Whafs the rime?
A ltt quaner m elever.
4 A WheDt the meeung?
B I'll givc you a ring.
c Each senreD.e has two main srreses. Mark theln.
d E 8.6 Listen asain and chcck your ideas.
e

'Wat

te a r' t t he

nitenl

m6n tnins mi4nE

ldi'zb:tl
mineralwaler(n) /'minorol'wrlo/
rccipt

(n)
(Ir)

/Jousor,

/ri'sir/

agair and repeat.

w aEt?'

dessed(n)
yoghu(

EE r.r risrn

accept (v)

lhrmb (n)
kncc (n)

bian

/oksepv

/o^m/
lnil

nE6n

thu\n
tal sii

riiu

gdl

chdp

lai
69

8 Food and health

Extension: Reading and listening

How long could you live?
I

Look at the questionnaire.

a Rcad rhe inrroduflion and antw.r thc qudtions.

r
2
I

What is the questionnairc abour?

what lhin8s depcnd on luck?
What is the quesrionnaire baed on?

your life

Aflr

v' r rtr

2 ll'^v,,ld
Do you

nr.

ir

c or

exF.t

ncy?

could you live?

rvhat is your life cxpcctancy? A k,a d(lrrcnds on

luck - whothor you hnvc irn acciddrt urd who
vour grandp rcn$ arc. Bu( you clln lso con(rol
sotlrc thnrgs in your lif{!styl!. So how lonr{ could
you live? Ihni quostiorraire is brscd on lili)
Writ0 yorr nnsilcrs

Whar

d What clfeo do you think your answcF will have on

lorrg

How

b Complet the qucarionnairc.

c Compare answcE wilh your pann.r
dlffrncs aft there?

l)o y{)ll livo wilh a prLrlnrir (husDrr)(ywih,

h

'yfrnxrd/,{irlfricnd

I)o you or will you havo o univo\ity

(hc spac.:s.

Do f.u or rv'llyou hrvc rL p('stgr

d{:gn* or a similar proi,sskn'nl

i!D^I.'l

Lratr:

'iu?

lilc in rn urbu

rLr{ftr

wilh

poptllalion olmorc than 2 million poot,lo?

I)o you livc in I rurai llma wirh loss than
10.000 inhalrihDts?

to llow

onen do you jt)g, swim. Dlay n spod o.

lrkc snnil{r .)i{,r':isr?

),!

lt

l)o you usuaLly slcor) lbr ruor(! l.h{n

l0

lilc cxpcctancy (n) /laifiks'pktonsi/

/di'pcnd./
dcpen'l (on) (v)
conrrol (v)

tud the ttun! binh

urban

(adj)

fo:bon|

inftabilanl(n) /in'hebiton/
diukhidn.tdnchn
s+t bdo

hidn

dln ct

sedentary job (n) /scdnlri dJrb/ canE ui4c ngiji n6t ch'
qoalification (o) /,kwJlif;'kciJn/ tinh dt ehqtn n6't

Food and health B

3 complcre the table with rhe information
about your life exp.tancy.

You

will hear how to .al.ulatc your life

El

s.7 Lisren and writ. down whar you musr

sublra.l in the boxer on rhe righr-hand ride.

th.

add or

El

s.7 unen asain and check your

the things that reduce

scores.

your life expeclancy-

c Calculale

Find words or expressions with rhe same

meaning from the ques.ionnai.e or rapesoipt.

t
2
)
4
t

Do.hri !.y lh.t il you g.r nrrisd. doi'l

dri']{, doit..l loo much, doi't rt.y ot

!mol., d0r'l
l.l..rd doi'l

iriy,. t,,l c.r, Jo0 rill liv. loig!r. 8{t thii irr't
llil.. Yo{ doi't reilly Iivs lorg!r. li ju3l !.eni liks it.
12

things thal in<rease

He loses hn bmpet eatily.

Too mnc\ v'ine ahd bee. is bad for you.
I',ve aot a jab wherc I sit tto\|n host ol tht tifte.

Subtad 2 yearc iI you'rc sothapry.

You'll live lonser iI yo!'te a renon who doetnl
snoke. b\r not il yor live with tMeone

6 Do you live alan.?

7 You liv lonSer iI you'te awo

A.c you b.rppy?

an than

iI

Life in arrar a/rar is less healthy lhan life in

,Ve you gcncrally

rclax i or

do you losc

1I

n
many cignreltcs (il

llow

ad

.rDy) do you

dav?

tuo you

oveNeillht? Ifso,

br, holv nruch?

!
n

llow old arc your graDdparonls, or how o ld

w0re thcy whr)n

Does

thcy died?

Myono iD your

u)ily sLrlTo ftonr

'Iotal lilc 0xp{r(tancyr

righrlrand side (n)

c&ulitc (v)
remper(n)

sfindparenls (n)

said/ phia tar phai

thir
titfi Ahi, stbnth finh
/'sr:udpeDrbrnsl itE ba (n'i, nEotri)
hair'bnd

/'knlkjulei,
/\e p6l

oyeNeighL yon're rnor ljkely to s"r?r

Long |tle it hercaitury-

tl

Thit town has a populatian of 10,000 p.ople.

t2 llow well do you knoia, yott h sba d ot

snok

v?

ll0w much alcohol (if ilny) do you drnrk

l6

l0

yotte

Discuss these questions

wirh other mcmb.s of

I Do you agree with the calculations?

2 What aspects oI your lifesryle pur you al risk?
I whar can you do to reduce rhe risks?
4 Do you want to keep your lifertyl even if it
increas.s tbe rhks?
Usc these expressions:

Acctl.ling to the rape ...

The tape lays that ...
I (doh't) asrce with thit, be@use ...
I think that... nO'\ tood fot yau.
Iwi iamatc my lile tnectahE if t

.
.

flole

ttJ to

take

to the couktry

hore exercis.
mare

be

heart disease

surcr

..

(v)

herc.litary

ftl$ed

(n)

lhottJi'z;:zJ benh tint

/'s^fo/

(adj) lhl\edita:r'/

chiu, bi

di

tturin
71

Possibil res

Grammar
would; second conditional

Grammar in use 2

Grammar in use

I
2

Look at r.he spcech bubblcs- Are thc

real or an imaginary si.ua.ion?
what

What is the questionnaire about

Answer the quesitons.

lf

yon iAeal dat br llke?

what v,/ould you tlo?
whet wouldk r rou do?
\|ouL.l

i:

i
\
''\

lill midday.

J.
\
2

Do you a8re wilh any of lhe ideas?

"

Rules

I The verbs in.hc dialogues above are ln the condirional

a lind ftese forms:
. a positive statemcnr (long lorm)
. a posilive siatemcnr (short lorm)
. a treSative stalemenl
b
>

Check

$e

rules

for arll

Choote one answer for

verb lorm.

2l

What do you think rhe long folm of th ncSa ve is?

ln crammar Referencc a.l.

Practice

F
IP

Think abour your ideal day. Would you do thcse things?

Tell your partner.
t d/wouldn't qet,p eatlt.

early have a party go to work watch TV stay in bed

lriends 90 to the thcave spend timc with your hmily

get up
visit

Try our quiz.

wh.t would you do?

I'd take it to

l'd give it to chatity.

a police

WKrui
2

lf somebody tried to sell you

a video re(ordr (heaply,

and you thought it was

stolen, would you
rcfuse to buy it?
buy it if you wanted it?
infotm the poliG?

a
b
<

what other things would/wouldnt you do? Taik about lhem with
your panner and the dass.

possibility(n) /,p)so'biloli/

(n)

bubble
inraginary

/'bAbV

"-Hl&y'z
Alui tudnE
bong b6ne

(adj) /i'm,dJioori/ tulng aalng

quiz (n)
honcsr (adj)
chadty (n)
inronn (v)

il:ltid
/rnis,
/'$t ritil Mi ti thqn
/in'fr:n/ thanq bdo

Possibllities
Rules

Practice

The questionnaire uses the sccoDd

'I

Complete lhis sentence from tbe

Ilyou

EI
b
2

,'{r:'::t
-r:),\!.i

m.;G

when do we use the second

The psychologist says, 'For mosr people, a lor would depend on

lhe circumstancs.' Look again at your answers, lq what
circumslances would you give a ditlerenr answer?

What is the first thinS that you would do in rhese

imaSinary situations?

-you

quesdonnaire results and check your answers. Were you righr?

at thcse senten.es.

ria*fl
e

J;!

s#
:;4S

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

conditional in Grammar Referencc

9.2

otif
3

irl-:)a.l!

I s3g

If I wat tuler

b which renses are used?

> check the rulet lor the second

ff-ff].,{:

F*d

...

2 How would a psycholosist analyse your answers?

a Dhcuss yoDr ideas with your pannr.
b E l.l Ust.. ro psy.hologist analysing the posible
"

which sentence is talkiDg about:

. a reai situalion?
. an imaginary siruation?

-ur

nona?

what form ol the velb is used

. in the
,/clause?
-ione
. in the
main clause?

tfthe! olfel ne the job, I II take it.

If$neane oJlered e ajob, t'd take it.

-ry
:{t

lVhat would you da if you loukd safte

B I'd..
A So worLl I./I wouldn'Ll'd

nofley, what

a kok

0.1

conrpare your answers to the qucstionnaire with a parrner.

do?

,fll9 s. i

lf you saw your {riend trying :

to 5teaL something from
.,
shop,

Vj
7
;#,1
:i::

would

you

do,,nothins?

<

tell a shop assistantT

The car waulcl stay

wo

d,

d ban nuclear weapont.

You see a car crash.

You win

fi nalional lottry.

You become head of your.ounrry.

You are the boss oI your company/collge/school.
You're in a bank when a robbery happns.

lf I fouDd a credit

card,

I'll play thc Suirar

lf it's sunny tomorrow,
I ll rell hil]l your news
I d 8o lound fte world
rl sarah sot rejob,

in the

garage until I had enough

iiEl,i

the

ot th.cc more hypotheti.al situations. Ask srudenrs

in tbe.lass whr! they would do.
Mat.h a .lnuse !! A and a clause in B.

tell your friend to put

it back?

.* 4 lfyou couldn't afford your

I
car insurance, what would
you do?
@l
\..
a

oJ

You are ruler ol the world.

Your house .atches fire.

4 Thiik

a
b

l'll

be vry happy.

iI you sin8.
she'd be very happy.

Comple.c !he sentences with your own ideas.

r lI I lound 1,000,
2

5d

) lf it

t'd drive the car anyway.

.ains lhis weekend.

&!{*

ffis
,W

ill

'iJ*:l

21

.:ii

a Work in groups. Think ol anolher ropic lor

Here are ron( idcas.

too rnuch chdnge, wha!

.
.
.

a Id tay nathing and take

"-*:iil
?u !{gl
5ir{

7 writt i qu.stionnaire.

s ttu stop u,,irtunt so'" yo,

C0,

$q
1-r

iI I lvas Pnm. Mini{cr

l'd tel the shap assistant

r9

r/

if lthaught that helshe

would get Into troublet'd give it back ta the

a Ltueslionnaic-

llorv sensidve are you?

llor" hoi.limprrcd

are you?
Uow optnnistic/p.sirnistic are you?

b Wrire tome queslions and work oLr tbe queslioonajre.csut$.

c Try oui your queslionnajre on anothcr Broup.
.

afford (v)
psychologist (fl)
andlysc (v)

/sai'krl6dJis,

loitcry (n)

/'l.tari/

robbcry

c6

di *hd

ndng

(i)
73

9 Possibilities

Vocabulary

Reading

Crime

Would you get involved?

I
a

I
a

crimes.
Use a dicrloDary to help you. Whi.h
Look at this list of

Look ar the title. What do you think the text is about?

Rcad th fint paraSraph what advicc would you expect $c
pollce to givc?

.
.

crines acainst
crimes acainrt

people?
property?

Rad rh resr ol thc tex! and answer rhc quesilons.

murder as*ult robbery

shoplifting blackmail
kidnapping bu.glary v dalism

theft
b wriri
c

.
.
.

rhe crimcs in lhe ffIsl cohmn in

Use a dicrionary. Find the words

rhe next

for

r*o .olum.s

2
a
b
C

d whi3h crimes would you

James BulSer

Kitty Gnov6e
Dave Crcnwood

whar do the poltce advise?

Rcad rhc text atain.

Find $ree reasons why peopl do not get involved.
Which case tlhrstratcs each of the rasons?
Dircuss rhsc quesdons.
I What do you fijnk aboui each ol the cass?
2 What would you do in each of thse cases?
3 what do you thlnk of rh police advtce?

Work in grottps to discuss thse qucstions. Thn compr

your answers with the class.

Would you get lnvolved if

. a ca. was on ffrc and there vreR pople irside?
. two pople were assaulting someone?
. a thiel Srabbed someone's bag?
. lwo young mn wcre breakinS into a car?

Would n make any difference iI the vidim was

.
.
.
.
.

a
a
a
a

membcr of your family?

neighbour?
colleague?
srmnSer?

a child?

associate

shoot break into thraten

money toife hit gun
grab smash stab

What happened lo arh of lhese peopte?

. Dave Johnson
. Paulinc Castle

4
a
b

IIav you vr wilnes*d a crim or a daDSerous incident

What did you do?
4 Iiav you had an experience lhat made you think 'l wou
do it again'? What happened?
tlcre is an iD.klcnt .ha. happened to Peacr Moris.
Dcscribc avhat happncd, using thc intormation.
Add an ending and say how rhe experience changed Pelert
auilude. What would he do nexr tlme?

P.kt Monil dtiw alolg

road

Ionelr road/ ewhing

carl noppeA b! tide althe rcad

\9onrn/ lookihg at ergin.

naat
steal

(n)
(n)
(n)

murder
assrult
rhcft

/'mo:do/

/otr:lt/
lqefrJ

ngin
hary
uv tr1n
uu

appeat

ealk

siii

uu h,ilnh

(n) l'!)p'liftiq/ sudnciipdcdc&ahdng

blrckr il(') /'b\t".:flnetlt st hd.m daa.lE t6iq tiin
shoplifting

lron ca painttunatPaet
t car/ dtive a||ay

take Petet

kidnappins (n) tkidt\f'pir/ s(biitcdcddt'hs

vandalism (n) l'vJendblizbrn/ st phtt hoai ctic
c6trE tfinh Ddn ha
snEsh

(v)

lsll,'.'I/

phd tan

Po5sibilities

Would you et involved?

I l rhrt

wotrld rou do il vor

YY"u',,oru".r

o,

ut?

"n'
assault? Would you htervene?

lh

ll yolr nelehbour's holse ras

on |te, would you try to rescue
lh ,@ple lGid? Whai .would
Yo! do lf somcon .eded yorrr
lrslp l. a dangoroo3 3itoation?
Would you get lnvolved?

lJwas

warrrne

nolhr.g. sars l)nvr) I Sioke

Jorn th:.oor i rd rcnt In it
Nas einefrre y hol Dnd thcrc
tae sn!k. evdlshcre. But I
g0r l ie oi.l .Df .rr. T'?o

ir
rr

n.ules .ttr tlr! $hoic lrou5e

s,rs I lldn... Y.rs. rd do tre

it
Pdr I

,f oJsrr,.

ri

Elui
IJE.I r r! !(d )e rj"c,
sr
lulp J .eBr,b.-r.r
l.
'lrlc^.i;d
.,1r.. slre hrr.d a no's3 iir ih..
slrecl. F,r! ifr crDlanrs,h-21
hnpterr.:d. lelo 8rs!.re

Li

Ihror? rg sloncs nt nry

rrc!sc. sIo!led .t

1l]-"nr Br I rh(rr lhey c.nrc

r was shorked and
rcalD lnghtencd. Tlrey were onry aDoul urnceo years otd. I
,ould.1do il a8rtrr. I iJJUsi
rt tn lact lnsi v?eek I
'gio.e
s3w sorfc boys vandllrznrg an emDlt shop rn rlre nerr
sl(eet, rut L d iirr t rl! .f!4hrfa. I i!rst .rossed thc strect
No, I sou dn t get hlolrerr agai| tl s nor worlh ir.'
norghbouas
0\r lo my

holsr an! rlvrtc.ed rnc.

,. - ",,.,.." , . .. J . rrr.oe I n.,.,

IDrorh,r.d..fr'ao'rru^,.j,,1n,J 'nene lc ue( au . . rre/

alrajd ltral trrey $o!ld rcok silrt ir ihcy \!ere wcrg tn

lamous case rn 199:l lwo r{er!,e.yearcrd bors nruidered
a llc boy.a red ia.xrs Buger, ovcr a hurdred wrtnesscs

a@

,n 1964. a Drdr' srnbbcr K ry ccru!41p n,

ln tip'. forr.
ln,- doJ tnLnl Morc lhda w,a,ouoriahad,oItr/s
screanrs. bur noboay herpcd rier. They alt rhougrrr thar
sonreone else woutd calL rhe poLice. Nobody helped (itry
Ce.o!.se and slre dred. Boi when Ouve Greenwood rnad
to help a young woman olrsrde a pob . waLes one n'ghl,
l)e became rhe vicl'nr. Tne wonra. s attncke.s knEd hnr.
He left a widow and lwo young clrrrd.cn.

saw

tiin

lan)es wnlr

ie rwo Doys Deiorc thc

orudcr r're

boys

bq--.e,r.u,c5..4.h'\rrr.rlt"r,po F .,r'{ronr
lrr
ll d - 10. Dd 999 a o r"d,p to r'e, oricr o LnL r.!

{e.e plshing hi.r .na htrrng him. aul a I tlre win :sses
lhoughr lh.t lre wri !! th h s rrorhers. !o thly d d not do

brigade.' Bul in tlle heat or the nronrenl, fsomeone(ns

n koub, whal would y.u do?

inrcrvcne(v) /,irltrr'vi:,r/

naDrc (n)

/ncil]l,l

frishreD (v)

lftaitnl
/t!rilju:(y

(v)
shour (v)
rcscue

ad

cxlrcmely

/rc\kj u:/

gi.;i thodt, ctirr nEu!

UauV

(adv) /iks,tri:nrti/

uA

cntry

atlitude (n)
srab (v)

rLgon

lla

rhdi d0
nhAn uh!!n7
dAtn bdng.loo
75

9 Possibilities

Listening and speaking

Checking into a hotel
1

Look al rhe photograph. A sue{t is checkinc

lnto a hotel. Imaglne the conversation with
the receptionist.

2 Look

a What words.nd cxpressions would you

b What would lhey say to each orhr?
c E 9,2 Uslen and.hck your idas.

Rcceptlonisl And how Co you wanl

at the conversatlon.

a Work wllh

Gust

@ll nlmber slitcase sign impint

rcgistration sjnglc lifl name nighb bill key

Receptionist cood cvanin& si.

Guest Cood cvening. Do you have
in lhe

a-,

minirt

you. Ard will you reqr

newspaps and 6
ln the mornh
Guest Yr, l'd lik 7h, fir.r and a c.ll ar 7.:

pleasc.

wirh

cuest
-..

arc you

7,30. Very 8ood, sir. Eere3 yc

Yotrr room
ls 429
is over there. Do you ncd an]
2

vour
No,

thanl you. l've or y got

Rcepaionlst WcL cnioy your

Fin. We[, could you just fill in rhc

torm and
it at fte

bottom, plcase?
ccrtainly.

- (n)
credit card (n)

--

Receptionist

sir. Yer hcre wc

Guest TbJee,
Reccprionist

impnd

/imprint

/'keditko:d/
rcscrvation(n) /,rczo'veijr/

,16u ual, odt

tha

ial

Rcceptioni5i thank

sraln8?
-

Gust Y6.

, if thafs all dghr.

Ycs, of course. Could I jusr

Glest-?Yes, her you are.

are. Mr Alan Jones. Would you like 6

.mm or a doublc, Mr Jones?
Gucst I'd preler a double, iI you've got onc.

Receptionist And how many

ol the card. sir?

ol Jones, please?

Receptionisa Jurt

Ay

Rcceprlonisa

wake-up

card stay

ro sttl

rh.

a parmcr and complete rhe <onveFarion

.servation luggage .redit

hear?

in

th dpnE

s\l ddt chA tr'.tdc

Gust

a $nall

Thank you.

Work with a panner. Roleplay rhc conversati(

9.2 Llsten and chcck your answcrr.

rogist ation

(v)
lift (n)
require

(n) l,rel'i'steiJnt

/ti'k]'.aio/
llit{

stddng bj
cdn c6, y'u c
thans mdr

Possibilitles

Pronunciation
-ou- I emphatic stress

Conversation pieces:
Polite requests

Look at these

expr*slons.

Cauld you Aust)

'I

.7

/rst makes the rcquest

The vowels -ot The vowels -or- can be pronounced in many dillerent ways.

$!nd

'Ihese expressions are 0sually

Look ar this list of words. Put thm into the coffecl column.

ffolr thought pound our enough bought

couple trouble double lought would voucher country
out yoo sholld round could house your through
encourage

foLlowed by p/eose.

Find the expressons in the

conversalion. How do the people

respond to the

rcqusts?

Woft with a partnei Take rt in tums

to male lhe following requests and
ETAMPLE

Could

yau just sign ke

fon ot the

&l r.;

r,isten, chect and rcpeat.

2 Emphatic stress
when we wanr to mphasize certain inlomation in

a sentence,

wc srress iha( pdr l,

.
.

sign the form at the bottom.

SEI

excuse you, while you make a

dilfernt parts.

.
.

get your suitcases from your c:r.

see if there are any messages for

wc need to be at

.
.

t\e

send a fax for you.

.
.

make a phone call.

leave your bass the.e,

rhe rneetue

is.t thr.e,

not tour.

You and r have to be there at three, but th others don't-

we need to te at the meting at thre,

El

!!ho wolld

I live al number I I Johrlon Rord,l nol my brother.

I nor number 12.
I not Johnson clore.

Aliron

0,

Work with a partner. Take it in

turns to be the 8uest and the

receplioni!|. Mak new

conversations

single

I.'o,.run..
The news is on chaonel

6-451 ooe

Da at-

lr'Il be sunny romorrow alternoon.l not rainy.

I no Lono,ow morning.
I nor Lhjs dfiemoon.

suitase

bil

ro

company/ no nwspaper/ 7.15/

Your booLs dre on lhe rrble.l nor in the cupbodrd.

I nor your pen.
|
-i"".

effi
f6H
excuse (v)

not latcr.

^or
I nor channel r.

double room/ a wek/ snd

respond (v)

I now,l
I

room/ one:rigbt/ voucht

politc (adj)

used lo be a ,inger,l nor a piano player.

I bur she isn'r now.

with this

tulakl Ttibunl

we must adve al

choose tlle coffect ending for eah sentence.

tg?

help

so

9.5 Listen ro *re firsr part of these senlences. Mark the

nak them, quest or receptionist?

The

the building earlier.

anel your wakeup call.

Look at your rcquests.

een g at thlee o'clock.

Th dillerent stresses chanSe tlle maning.

I
!
n

see someone's passPort.

the

stress can go on rhree

Match the meanings beiow !o th stress points I, 2, and

room.

put your bag in

e.4 Listn to this sentence. The

/po'lai

llNhs(
hl'sprrl4] dip lqi
liks'kj\:zl thtt l6i

"nr
9.6 Lislen to the rentences altd check your answers.
9.6 Lkren again and repeat.

voucher

(n)

emphalic

(adj)

I'ya Jo/

(Anh) phiau da

tui idn,

biin lai
/im

fEtiv

nclns trone Am

Gn tiai)
77

9 Possibilities

Extension: Reading and listening

Smart shopping
2

Look ar the pi(nrrc!.

a what do you lhink rhe anicle is about?
b whar is happnin8 in cach picture?
c &rr rhc piclurcs in the cote.1 ordc.1

Discuss these qucsrions.

would you like to shop in a smarr store?
2 What do yotr lhink rhc ldvant.ges and
diradvamrScs of the 5man store would be

Read thc article and che.k your ordcr.

'

lor thr .rrslomers?

3 Yo will

hear somcone talking abou! thc

arlvantagcs and disadvantaBcs of smar( stor.r

tnart
hopping

a EEI c.z

I-isten a"u
down thc poinrs.
"otc
b compdre them to your own idcas.

::::.::::::l
,14,,1R

td

Ft
.Fhoppinq

J..."

it the 5upernarlet
. real .hore. And

woLrld the sm.rrl slore work? \n41en

you ente.ed the sman suPcrmarket,
youd collect a small eiedronic pen

what do". shopper hate most

abour it? - queue! ar the
<hc.kort. aut they wouldn t
need ro queue it ruperdarkets

fro.n an assi{ant Then youd 90

rosnd ihe rtore as you nornrliry do
and rake rhings Lom the s!g!gs.
You d /un lhe pen der trle bar .ode
on rhe gocdr bctore you put lhem in
your trolley, and the pen would

used lhe latetl idea in thoPPang.

_Tllis rdud

L.uu

i Lhc smart nore' Ihe

t,o," wolrd reprrce

record

qucue (n)

ttJi:(.Y
tkjnl

tliEc

(v)
(n)

identify

,.,r

,i

At

collccr
consolc

xab hdln8

chcckout (n)
rcpl,'ec (v)
/ri'plcis/
7a

purchrses.

the
checkour, you wouldn'r meet a
checkout asrisEnl insiead you'd find
a ch.korr console YoLr'd put the

checkout asrisbnt! with comp!cr

rechnoiogy, and queLrcs a! rirc
chcckouts would dilappcar r_low

c\orc (n)

iaur

{4i',

,..

(v)

pen into the console and

the
computer ln the con9olewouid show
lhe totar cost. Ta pay, ya)d past a
c.edit ca.d through a 5lot on lhe
coMre. Ihen ydr'd put yoir. hand
or finqer od a t anner. This .rould

ide,nity yoLI so you couJdnt u5e

someone elter dedit card. Youd
leave rhe 5hop throLrgh a reo-rrity
arch |ke the ones ar atrport5. lf yorl

djdnt scrn every{hing in your lrolley.

an arnrm

wolld

ring

/k6'lck,
/kon'soul/

/ai'dcniifai/

b;ns diiu hhii]n cdi

thiii b; diin tt

Possibilities

Hcre is anorhcr idca

Look cr the jntorma(ion dnd the pinures.

How

for

sma

shopDins.

1nafi

6ho??ing lrom ho6c

pcal. aon't lika 6hoppln4 at

.r?.ti,a.kat5, brl yot) wouhn t neca @ qo ta
tha eup.tma*.| lf you D6ad lh. latcd Vca in
honr. qho?in,.You wouvn\.v.n t a!. your odn
honc- Ho* wuld lr wo*?
Y@ d ned a6 chctronb ?.A frcm yo0.
euryftna*ct Yo!'d go t4 your cupboatd ot
fiaqc ad yo!'d Nn rhc p.n o\tc? thc bat coAcs
ar th. thlnqb that yo'r wantua tu boy.ltra p.n
would tcaata dat rar wantaa. 1\cn you d 4a ro
Many

yo't

wnld tun th. p.n cwt th. bat cod.,

mdPr@rd

on thc goo,k

ot )ndse.

in

whar do you rhink the advanraSes

and

drsadv.nLa8er ot

h would be?
C Conunu( rhc d.scriplion ot sma lhoppins
from
nome, uting thi5 formar:

.
'.

How woutd ir work?

What woutd b rhe advanbcr{?

whar woujd b rhe disdva;a8es?

yot)t

lcPhana.

{
J

I
I

pen/ consoie on terepnone

Iry
telephone/ send/

ordcr/ elo.c

sto,e/ pack/ order

\ o,r' d ....

lOActivities
Grammar
going to
Grammar in use

Rules

Discuss thtse questions.

I Do you evr make New Yar3 rsolulions?
2 Do you keep ft.m?
I W\at do you thint ar. rh most common rcsolutions?
4 why do peoplc mkc resolurions and then not kcp !hm?

I
a

Look ar rhe carloon.

2
a

Rad

Look at the cartoon asain.

Find these forms olrrirr
a positivc seniencc

.
.

a [.gative rntence

Eow do w. make th.se formi?

th. story and decidc what the Ncw Yeart Resolution b

8oin8 to bc.

b Comparc your ideas wllh the class.

c EE tat Lisrcn to rhc story and chcck.

Its a]} ridht. we

won t have any oore

}{a?!y Near Ye.!. Mi'lc

Are you going t! lreat

AnJ wLy is t}ls

year di$e.ent?

you! Nev Y.a! 6 r..o:Iutton

adaib this ya! ?

No,

tlis

yea'

A year lat.r
resolution (n)
cadoon (n)
rouch (v)

can

LAi,

quxii &m

/ko:'ru:d
si',

n6, dune

ro:

Actvties'lO
z

When do we usc rrdlra lo ro talk about the luture?

a Look

al these senrences from lhc story. Say which luture form is

Mike

Thi! year. Karck,

KNe

Yau

Jahn I
Usc

woklgiw

a Make three resoludoff to imprcve

your lile or to lulfil your ambilions.

I'

up

The rest of your life slarts herel

goih, togive up stuokiry.

tnoking.

Work with a partner. Tell your

partncr about your resolutioDs and
aDswer any questions that your

ll !tu.e up, too.

the seotenteq to compleie the eramples for rhe mles

Change panDers. Tell your new

panrer abour you! fiBt parrner's

ro mJle predidBns or

r.ll

aboul lhe lurure in gcncrdl.

Choose the orrect Iuture form for

t A Iofu\andIaft

when we decide to do somerhi g al lhe momenr oI

B
2 A
R
.

1()

talk aboul somelhing lhat we havc already decided to do.

I A
B

lind on morc examplc oI each use in the story.

>

Check

the rules lor Jrrrr

l, in Grammar Referen.e

goiflg to / lttill

Oh rhafs grear newsl

I can't ffnd my walllt
I'm soifls to / I' helq yonlook
Ior ir.
Shall we go out lor a meal
rhis evenin,t?
Ycs,

OK.I'h goifig

to

/ I'll

phone and book a table.

Can you record that programme
lot me? I'n going to I I' haft

10.1.

Practice

A
B

Ar. you going

1 what are this family's resolutions?

a Make scntcnccs with gdtrr l, and rhis inlormalion.

A
B

I m going to 8er a cup of coflee.

Good idea. I'm goittg to / I'I

lt's my birlhday on Saturday.

ro I Will tou

A
B

My hurband3 goins to lr on a diet.

He isk'ttoiig to dtink so nuch b t.

tiere's lhat repon.

Oh, thanks. I't 1 going to / I'll
read it lhis evening.
Il you see a black cat, yol?
qoit\t to / you ll haee Eood luck.

My son / have / haircut

Co round the class. lind out

about pcople's plans for

'

lhcir Dexi holiday.

what ate

ll

She

/ tidy / bcdroom

/ talk / phone Ior irours

b H /o2

...

are noi sure, say:

ot I don t

know.Ilwll

probably ...

Listen and chcck.

s( tiin dodtl, Idi dt <lodn

wallet (n)

/im'prurv/

cdithi4n,lam6i

give up (v)

/rcm'biJ,r./

hoa'i bao, Ithdt vong

prediction(d /pri'dikJn/
inprove

we / be nicer lo each olher

we / aryue wifi each oficr

to do

you already hrve plans say:

ll you
My dauShlcr

!a, goin!

(v)

aDbiiion(n)

lLdn

at the noment

l\v]1i
&b6

lsjv Lp/

of

/art 0o'mounont

Dvl

udo &an

diihL
a1

lOActivities

Vocabulary

Reading

Gerunds; activities

The 349 housewift

shower sitti.g witing jo99in9

the.oarden cvclinq shoppjng' s\dting
sk,pp,ng sleprng - shdving ln,ni.g getting d,essed
swimming doing housework dancing ddving washing up
playing

sLFbdri

Look at thc picturc and thc

headline of tbe article.

Look at this list of a(tivilies. which do you likc dolng?

football

nq

having a

d qarnq

in 1 are all gcruDds.

is e irg lorln of a verb. Itow do

play

qde

sleep

The

and

we make the gerunds

shave skip

knit

w6hin9

looking atter children

2
Sh. s wry g:ood at swintning-

Read the text- Mark lhcsc

sentences I'rue (/), t:dt!. (t), or

laryau.

The average houselvile work

near)y 7r hours a week.
Sevenrypci cnr oI the
working population carn
[l6,000 a ycar.
Train driveE eam thc samc as

Teachers eam abour 24,000

60

r.ooking altcr children taket

75

\Yives wilhjobs I rrend morc

time on housewo.k lhaD oo

The avcragc molhe! wnh a

.hild undcr one woiis 9t

Look at thc chart. What does it drow?

a El ro..r risr"" t" rorn" information abour rhe a.liraries above.
b Put rhe acrrvilies abov in the corcct category.
How many calories ca. you

light activii es

b!.n in one hour?

ptoying the piano,

100

100,200

200-100

Lool< at thcsc

ro.

a which

He. husband hrlps with a lot

r0 Ann

r-rsr"n ag,in and chcck yuur anstcr(.

caregory do you think they 80 in? Discuss your ideas.

/di$rl/

danh dAng

tu

lufntip

than tM
bdng airh cha1b6

st

slttdi, cudc

How do you leel about

fie

snu.rion in ihe rxr?

ihink.he siruaton is
similar ln your couDtry?
Do you agrec wirh Karen and
Atul? what, if anyrhing, sho
Do you

acdvities do you do?

Chcck the rules for Serunds in Grannnar Rcfcren.e 10.2

(n) /dterc A
(n) /d3rcin/

Discuss.hese quesdons.

b How many encrgeti. or strenuous

digsins (n)

$at

acriviti6.

tcning clea.ing a c,
weightlifting
looking after child.en saiLing travelling by plane
.unnins cooking skiinq sinsinq
breathios windsurfing swins

gcrund

Neale thinks

husbands' (m!loyrs should

fshing

jogsng

theirjobs-

Karen T\rdor-Ulliams $inks

thar dre gove.Dment should

400-600

up preparing meals
.lothes s@ing

wdhing

usc it as th subjec or object ol a

senlcncc, and lollowinS a prcposirion. what rypcs olgerund arc

n goad

filn paragraph mentions tl49

7l hours. what do you think

c Look at rhe ren and check your id(

d Lok at the chan. Find rbejob title

b A gerund is a noun- wc

Swinnlns

do you think thc anicle j5

these numbe6 rpresent?

The words

a A Serund

a whar

b.
skaling (n)
shping (n)
knitti!,8 (n)
swing (n)

done abort

/skci!in/

/shph/
/'niriq/

rh.3iru.tio.?

ndn tnJdt bdng

utat: nluir dny

Activitles lO

The f,349

Find thes

.
.
.
.

housewife

.
.

filet Work

Vocabulary

low

Il

$ings in lhe a^iclei

allthe nMes

of lobs

{.) md

five synonyms ro' wo.r

t to syrcnyns

fo(

(Y)

W t.tt , tlt.J

anolher way of saylng these:

takes o lat o( tine

the word for place whe.e

the abbreviario. tor do

iryo!6ef

her week,y paystip

woutd.dd up.

l).9 h.s

!5 50

h6

a5 J5

122

122tus

fl
5.t hrs

26lirs

dreis, shopper, rlishwashe+, drivqr- gardcrer, lnd scaarstss,

of the most
jobs in Brilain

FI

rodry. And prying sonreone

el\e Io do lhc chores which take

lhe average housewife 71 hours

avcB8e ?0-? houn

demandiog

tr

welk wouldrosl t349, it was

TlEy found houscwives tpend

a

tic duties with tooking !fte.

Ar ovq 118,000 ! ycu $at s $orc

!a! rhurruirrs of 70+4r eenl ol rhc
potuidUon, irrcluding (aio drile6, h'

mos! lime-consuming.

firllen,

prison officlrs,

d'd $xi.i

A$ording (o
dlscnes !45? a wdk
!t neuly !?4,txii] a yea, lhe sam as

evcn hiBhcr pay lcague.

'

asuryey, shc
Eachers,

ensina6, ud cheDists.

A *ife

t2166
ft1.70

t5.90

t8.26

fJ.60

t612

f4.00

f5.20

iritrcvidt,on t.1) /o.bn

!itionl thn

uiai tdt

fg9.m

with a pln'une job still

Mo$er

of-four Karcn

vdue of houlq\vo4, F.hups rhrc!8h

6i ta

RuMins a

do th DIY jobs, but my husb$d

o.ly puls a sh.lf up noe dd a8&in.

tLarlitrlbc

Nonh'wes! London

The gGrd

lNSu ]06 at+oh.

aorltl@.
ncvs ir thd th* hou.'

i[

deline sharply as childrcn 8.t olderWhile the avciaec molher ,rilh a

child undcr one puB in 90 bours

house

ofrime Md rDosr husbeds

lllcs a lor'yrt",n.
donl appMiaic this. Thcy say tn.y

Hc neve. cl@s the bo

h!4!Lu!

Tudor

Williatu, riom Rcrdins, srid lasr

niShl 'Wages grcnl Pracrical, b!1
l!, goYesseat$ould !!.asqke{he

works m average of 59 hous a *eek

ar homc. 8,$. jrjurl=lj]r]mproy'

(n) /'hluswlifl ngL.d trOi tC

dirl rshcr (n) /dit,wrto/ n dr har vrlit r&a b'it
rcamstress (n) /'sinrsrris/ c6 li./ rmv
hto'n P1'.; ld rcta
.r!i.l
r c.r. \tl
,lonq ltng.tdnq
\t
l& to
Lhrcns {\ I
l$usewife

tbe

ud c@kilg
ho6 @h) the

rcvealed yesterday.

od cleoios (12.3

weck on doDes

childred (17.9 hoo6)

L@lin8 !t!er a youngster les lhan a

yw old utei . hou*wifc inro an

Id

f24 32

t3.80

w@kly, $e fisw druPt to 8c houff

frcm one 10 fou tnd lo 66 hos

By SEAN P0ULTER
Bcsearg!!-rs Put a Pric. os each
chorc, $cn calculdcd how long lhe
averaSe person htcs doins them

she has one

f35 3:l

t3 80

70.7hrs

As narurv, coot. cleancr- laun-

t6521
f65.2t

f535
fi.80

f4.50

tr
tr

4105,95

SiDgl
Got

Uat s li'e

pdcnl Annc Neale

said:

from
The

e4ql.!1 sbould paraftn

g3gei l! s $.

husband's etrtploy..

who bencfils from thc work rnai

/nb'nicstikl (thu9d Eit dinh, fthu1c) vi4c nhil

domcstic (Ndj)
tnne-consumins (adj) /\ain kof'sju:Dir/ t6h nhiiu hin Srrn
/porrai0f dJrb/ ui* Iam Anm (bitt thai Eisn)
pan-rinrcjob (o)
6hg
(\ t
/di'klair/
'Jc.1in'

giin

synonyn) (,')

a3

1O Activitles

Listening and speaking

Making suggestions
I You will hear threc conversatidrs.
a Look ar ftc lis! ot possible aclivitics.
b El io.a Lisren and march ach .onv..sarion

2
evith

Look ar this list ol ativities.

Ti.k (/) Ihe aclivirics ut thc pople ar.

n
!
n

so to rhe bach
hav a picnic by dre nvr

car ar rhe Red Dra8on resrauranr

!
n
E
!

hir. s video

U
going ro a rcstau.ant

$c

invrE some Iricndt lrom soain

relephone Piane and eerci

Ll rry rhe new lralian resraur,)nr

Tl book a bble ar Mario s
U so ro $e .incma

bookin8 a holiday

spendinS a day in

counrry

having a game of tennis

have a bath
phone the video shop
gct some piz,as

EEI to.e

I"i<ren

aeoll and check your an'wers.

li
I
I

sugScsrion

(t

rclarive(n)

/s

o'{:}cstJon/

/'rclotir/

goinS to do.

sll Cqr

invire (v)
hjrc (v)

/in'vaiL/ ndt

l')\ai6/

thua, tnLldn

Activities

Conversation pieces: Expressions with -ing forms

the .xpressiqs in the conversaiions us the
the ve6. Some lsc the infininve without fti.
Some of

a
b
c
>

Conplere

irv

form of

thsc .xpres'siffi with lhc @rct form ot the wrb

9p.

tapescipl IO.4 Md check yoJr answe6.

Practise the conveetiorE with a pa.lnr
Look ar

You can go to the Pronunclallon section fllst

Pronunciation
/f/, /fl; suggestions
I The sounds /f/ and /.1/
a El ro.s usren and rick (/) rhc

icl placticc.

MaliDg iqggestions:

shcep

we ll-

chop

shop

clup

ship

which

n'ish

Say tise sentences,

why dan't
woutd you tiie rc

Which watcll did the chaos.?

Wat h while I wath rhete .h.ap sha.t.
Sh. w3 .hdtting to lh. shy chiAt.n ar th.

sqihnng'

rrb l-

lo

Eryr.ssing lik.s/dislikas/prfe.en.es:
aont

nina

I-

EA

to the cinmo

10.6 Lisrcn, chcck and repea!.

Making suggestions

We cau usc questions or starcmcnrs for

e,ioy

making suSgestions. They follow thc

normal intonation parkms.

yau thlnk you could

Look at thesc suggesrions

a

Itt

.ne shoos fot tr,e, pteose?

------..*_2

for things to do.

objection ro rach.
play tenni!
So for a driDk

. so rwirruning
ro'rnd
*ff6#"*.*"'h.{fr,s. using rr'e circsons abovc.

LctI

objeo and nb}c anothcr sugg$ion.

lhe new sugSertion. AskB to do something.
Ho!r' about
Na,

A 0K.

I dai't
Do

toing to that n w lndian ftttdutunt ronight?

lan.r .eting tndian lood. v,rht don't *N So to the O6it?

tau think you eould book a tabL?

lliv. conversations abour these sirutions.

anangiDc a day

dccidin! what to do this evening

(v)

out

n{n, thich nudn

(quay) cd an
barbccue (n) /'borbikju:/ l<n 6b, cia, tutne
& dan, ntti nghi ngti thodi m6i
/ou eisis/
0isis (n)
fancy

/f.ensi/

tot

neal.

t Do you faffy goin8 our lonighl?

2 Lefs 80 to th beach.
I What about Settins a video?
4 Shall we book a table at thebisrro?
t Do you wanl to go ro dte party?
6 Why don't we try ftat ncw pub?
? I fancy seeing a film tonight.
8 How about spending a wcck in Rio?

.4 Ac.cpt

So out

b El ro.z tisten, check and repcat.

c Mark therc suS8esrions with the

A llake a suggestion.

w tk tonisht?

Shall w. So to th. movi.!?

woft wilh a panner. Think of a pocribl

80 lo lhar new Indian resraurant
. waldr the loolball on TV
.
. do some gardening
. havc a pany ncxt wek
iny& sornc friend5

wiih the corrct intonation,

What shall

_t
Do

Say these

El ro.8 Listco, check a.d repeat.

Pracrise sayins the snren(es.

(v)

ttld

chew
intonation (n) /,in\or'
bistro

(r)

nhai

neiJnl nAt dEu

/bistrou/

qudn ftrqu nh6,

'rim rnqu nh6

tO Activities

Extension: Listening and speaking

The pleasure principle

Look at rhe questionnai.e alroul

a ch@s. rhe ten aflivilles which Jivc

yo! most pleasure. Put them in order

l-lo (l

Hre is the introduction to a radio interview.

a El Io9 Read and listen to thc inlroductio'.

is the mosl pteasurabl).

Are lherc any things that you would

Iikc .o add lo the llst?
Work in a group. Compare your
hoics. what diflerences and
similarilics arc there?

and the nd of living happily."

"'Pleasure h the begirping
Those are the words ofthe Grcek philosopher Epicrrus, who

us rhese exprsions:

lived 2100 years ago. People have alwala Eid to 6nd

pleasure and today we hav many more plearures than the

Ancienc Greels had. And yet ive sdll don't tnou, a lot about
rhis inportant part of life. Here in th sfttdio is

D Jorudun
I

Shmberc. Gocd evnins, Dr Shanberg.'

g.ta

tot

ofpt asur. ftun ...

Li$ ihe rcn lhings lhat you spnd

most ol you! limc doing. How does
this lisr compare lo youranswcis !o
thc qucstio.nairc? Have you 80! tho
recipc lor a happy life?

Discuss rhere questions.

r
2
I
2

whar will the intervicw be aboul?

who will be inlcrviewed?
What qunions do you lhink thc inrcreiewr will

Make a questionnairc to llnd oul

what pcople hai doiDg.
a work in g.oupr using rhe
quslionnairc in 5 !s a model. t4akca
lht ot about thiny thmgs tirar you

ask?

You will h.ar dre interview.

a E lo.e Lisren and che.k your ideas.

b Wha! questions does the inlerviewcr ask?

3 Dr 5hambe.8

a March the list oI

fiink pcoplc dislike doins.

(some mal
bc the same as in lhe qucsionniircl)

activitics to illuslrale his ide.s.

uses

ideas and thc list oI activities.

Pledure k iffponant for

On a scparatc piece ol paper lht rhe

tcn thiDgs that you think will be mot

cive your questionnaire to another

getting on with each other

group and ark them to choosc their

ten Ieasr favourir things. compare
the resuhs to your ow! lredictions.

Happy peopl. enjoy the

everyday th ngs

Pl6()rc

b @
4

means

ife.

diferent things

to.g l.sten asain and check yo'Jr answcB.

Discuss [hese qucstions.

I what do you thlnk of Dr shamberg's ideas?
2 should everyonr be able to pursue thir own 'Pleasures'?
what about these?

. takinc drucs
. smoking

.
.

drivins fast
hunting

The modern world can oller a vry wide range of pleasures.

Makc ?r list of somc things th3t were nor availabl a hundrcd
yean ago. Have these tbings improvcd lilc or made it worsc?

plcasure (n)

!irilosophcr (n)
human survival (n)

/'plcro(r)/
/fi'l)s6foG)/

niinL uui thbh tuui

thi)

t.i{t Eia
stt s6itg ci],"

cdtL

Lan Loqi

Iunling (n) /'h^ntin/ s{sdn 6in

didike (v) tdts'latlv hh6ns lkich, ghzt
choice (n)

/Lrris/

s\t

l(a

chq,I

d.

pinciple (n)
challcnSjng nature

/'prinsopu
(n) /LInlinsJi']|'net:J6/

/'dckorci,

nguyan

th(ih thrlc
ci4 trt nhian
trune h@ing,
tranr! ti

Il)editatins (n)
day.Jrcamrng rn,
msssaPe

(n)

musicdl insrrumenr

/'

mediteiti\l nE6i thti,L

Jci.dtrntt nB"i nd n.ng

mso J',
stt \ 4 bt;p n.;t to
(n) mju:,,rkdl 'in.rrumdnr ,rac.87

11 The media
Grammar
have tolcan: Past and future
Grammar in use

Rules

I
a

Irna8ine you arc a politician talking to an

Work lyllh a pannr- Which oI thre laclo$ do you
rhink is the mon imponant?

The text uses th verb havt lo.

complcte th6e sntences lrom rhc txt.
so ttott

too mu.h abot t anteat.

Fot danpl?,

politkia$

about tkir apryarant?

b Clve a perccntaSc lor each fador'

c Rcad rhe text and ched Your dswcrs.

c How do we -makc thes torm3 wiih ndv. t

.
.

Di.iuss these questions.

I How imponant is imagc, do You thlnk?

2
!

RrEirc cach ieqtenc ln rh third pcrson sinSular

a po6idvc itatemcnt
a ngativc stagement

Do you a8re with Mehrabian's r6car.h?

Chck thc rules for

can you think of any examplt lrom Your own

rpcnencc wbich .onflm hrs r.sarch?

ll_1.

t \
\,

,alr r, in Gramma! Refrn

:'';;tr'[i[''#ff:#:9, ;#'s1;
; *'H'"#' j#Hr *1

JT"*##J

b0 j-*'H'gEgttr

s;'"ffi
FI
Ir{
.F{
q
audieoce(n) /'rrdjons/
rcsearch (n) /ri'so:t/

thinh siA, hh.tn

pcrcentagc (n) /po'sentidS/

ti

ph,in

tfin

gii

confirm (v)

htuing

di'fi,

ch,lns thtb

^on'fo:tn/ d6ng ! tlin thinh

lo'gtiJ
^Eree(vl
(D)
/krnlenr/ n6i dung
contcnt

Themedall
Practice

Rules

a
b

whar qualities do thes peoplc

havc to hav ror.helr iobs?
Look a! ahc lirt of porsible quali es.
Work wit}l a panner and complt.
thc uble- Can you add ary mor.?
Qualities

b. good-looking b.

Find examples in rapescrlpt

ll.l

to complete the table.

(obligation)
(abitily)

st.ong

be fit
havc a uflivrsity dgrc. bc young
be maded iook honi:st bc tall
have a nic. voice l@k athactive

2 How do we makc questionr wilh ,r4re td and rd, in the

past

rul6 for taw tr and czr

Chcck thc
5Dd 11.2,

i[

Grammar Referencs

l.l

Practice

I thc havc did photogEphs you tike ro?

2 hide did have where to you?
3 see you house clearly could the?
4 lonS wait did havc how you to?
5 photos bc to wil lcll you the able?
6 same you able bc the use to will lrcc?
? to whal you hav now will do?
I Icnr buy b rou to nw wil able a?

wbat do you have ro do in your

a Mak a lirt ofthe rhinSs thar you have
10

do aDd

Make an irterview with Jason S.ul.

Put the words in rhc corecl ordr to mak qucsrions.

Work with a panner. Use th questions to roleplay

the qualities lhat you have

aD

iDtrviele

wllh Jaron Saul.

b Work wirh a panner. Aik quesrions lo
find out about

your panner'sjob.

Inyout job do you

2 Think about you. childhood.

a Wrile down ftree things thar you had lo do and three ihin8s rhat
you didn't have to do.

haw to wotkwith

lau h4e. to .hive?

what houn do lou hav. to

I had to go to be.{ at ebht o clock.

I .lidn1 har. to go to |ao.k.

Do

wtk?

b Ark ofter

in use 2

Grammar

A
B

lEl ll.t Lisren.o rhe inte.vtew.

I Whar ir Jaron Saul'sjob?
2

What has he

wonl

Disruss these

Whtr

ti

I had

to

. tlid lou haw 1o go to kd. iph.n tou

go ro b.d at .ight o'clock.

w.t ti?

recently done?
Could you do rhese thingi when you w.e six?

llow did hc do it?

Why

pcople in rhe class iI their childhood was the sanc.

.
.

he b nbk to do i! a8ain?

questions.

spcak a lorei8! laDguag

play compuicr ganes

How

Compare aniwels with a parurcr-

Junjly his job?

Do you agree with

hiin?
Do you

a Thi.t

!maSine lhat thcsc rhib8s havejusr h,rpperd.

abou! how your lile wiU cbange

des

JasoD Saul

!hil]k
that
should bc

rule,

What witl/wor,t you have ro do?

what witl/wonl yo be ablc ro do?
. You've lost yourjob. . You've won lhe national loltery.
. You've 8ot nuded. . You and your parher blve had a bab].
. You've BoI a place !o sludy abroad.

b Compare answers with a pann:r, atrd then wilh thc .brs.

See Rellectint on LcarninS 12: The vcrb ro rtaw pl2l.
lvcrsiry dcgrce (n) /,JLr:ni'vo:soti
orrirsreader(n) /nju:z,ri:do/
obligadon(n) l,rbli'sci/d

Ll,f

di gri:/ bd A t6i nghi'tp

dqi hlc
tAn ti
ph4n
nshia uv, bdn

n*litt dw &iL

titL

ability

(n) Io'bilatit khd MnE

(n) lpo,sl u.i hrh m\c

priest
foorballcr

(n) lfl)tbl]ot

cAu

thi

b.ing

&t
a9

t 1 The

media

Vocabulary

Reading

The media

Fionats new look

I l-ok at the photo8raphs in the first newspaper

Who arc your favourite media

wrir. ftc

Discr.rss

I
2

nam ol your favouliic

How has th woman's apparanc. d ged?

whih photograph do you prelcr and why?

Read th ffrst two paragraphs and answ.r the questions.

I
2
I
4

DJ-

.
.
.

Who is lhe woman in th phob?

Whar i5 her newjob?
what did she do before?
whar has sh had b chanSe lor hr ne!,v lob?

Look quickly throuSh tbe whole text. Match thc peoplr

6lm direclor.
Tv adverlisemenr.

Oirctor of Proqrammes

warhr prcsenrer,

b Tell your panner about your

choices.

Maach .he verbs wirh ah iaems.

Ea(h iteh can have morc than one

i I'

ttcad rhe wholc arti.lc and answcr tbese questions.

I what chan8s have the image conruhan6 made to

2
I

fionaj

lma8e?

why have they made the changs?

why has Fiona accep(ed.hem?

li0na Armskons

L\:

has

soi ! new

iob. The foinc. n.$a.cader

finn I IN is the co t.csn(.. of

(lNl]l's

nes brclkfa$

'lhe brciHat 3bow {ill $aft at

6.00 o omo.@w, but Fi@ h$
mo.e ths h
hous. Thc ncw FioM h.i
go. liShte. h.i., b.iaht .lip6ti.k
and a s.xie! vddlobe. She vill
.lso sil.. lot sd did enh ih.
had to

charc

qo*iot

article.

these quesrions.

Complctt these sentcncrs with ilt

we were --#}-

a photograph

.-ll!-

rhe newspapr,

I
4

My dos was

--.!I-

an

advrtisrncn! --4ll- av.

video.
I've sen that fflm
Clinr Easrw@dt
I read aboul it -,rlt- an article

JjLir.

-]iL-

-!:-

64 nd

tit
/'prrdjurs/

sdn

ndt

vi.*6

to

say

6ffy th

p!.senr.6- So wcv. ried to

out th. nic., frieodty !id. of
6d to mak. h.r *ne!. Sbe
wcs brisht.r colouB.nd s
skilB. Hcr i{k tr d 5hon.
to cmphaiz. her figurc. Sb.

lioa s co-p.snr.., Micha

Igilson, ha.ls hld to cha'
ima&. GMTY wo( Mida
ipp.1 to qohcn, but they
ro

did.r. drl. r

.ither. Borh pr$.ntrs

we. FopL of all as.s ro 6nd h.r

.ftracrive. So GMTY brcWht in

GMTV stan their oev bls

PoglM@.oEor@ o@
But lor {c.r@. is rEppr.

lsl

'the news docto! io the Sr.res

*here im8. @nc{ t .r,.y k big
buircss. Hc dccidcd rb:r FioE !
!.do8 newsad.r ih.8e hd to

/,mllgo'zirn/

ih!

v.n. hih

N MaSid ro aeate a wholc ncw

imr8. fo. Fiom. He s kden a

play --.o.i- rhe

switch on (v)
switch off(v)
produce (v)

*hy

rot

Thr p.odec6 wd. wo@n

bctscn 20 sd 40 io ideqtiry
wi.h FioE, sho 5 lt, tnd th.y

so.

agazine (n)

So

ArDeri@ imgc coGutor,

a nla8&ine

He was

8u.s6 otr rhe prc8ldh.

Protl@hes, Liz How.ll

GMTV!

hzd

atre to th. rew imrg. d

n.ws do.to6 harc 8ot it v,

.h. !.Jr. rl. Gw y.r t8o rl
s(ked Amdican rmrhed
John

Colo.r,

bcc.q5.

ll.

du[

After thour.odr of]er

from rnsly viw.6, Col.n

Diftd of

flirt (v)
I fj,av
consultanl(n) /kon's^ltont/
emphasize(v) /'emfosai/
alienare(v) /iljDniv

dna, dna bAn

nsuin

Idn

,/

udn k6 va'n)

ndi bat

tom cho ai xa Anh,

sut

The media I
Discuss

th.se question5-

5 What happ.n.d to

whar do you rhink abour

altenpt lo .hangc FjoDa's irraSe?

What image do you rhink they

created for
Wilson?
^4i.hael
Do you thirk
Fiom will like ber

Do you

Lbe

a Look quickly

r
2
I

Who was

at lhis anicle and answer these questions.

by?

ii writien

Was it wrilrcn befole or alter fie orher arlicle?

What happened? Choose lhe corect sraremenr.

fJ rionat new image was a 8rea1 succcss.

n riona tefr the prosramrne.
D r rre p,oa"ctA cnanged Fiund,\ Indge d8din

lhink lhir new images will

Were your ideas

'n

Language focus:
Wont someone

to .,,

Complete this sentence

FioDa?

4 corec!?

HOIV MUCH DOES IM{GE M{ITER?

iom

t rd,r ro er. nla

do.r. wl'en I Ms l
ncwsrcadr ry appeaian.e

IAIell,
YY

to watuen, but they

Use your answers

dn't

want

did l

u,l,rt'pv @ Ihc+w
lpro3rr,,ne nshr rrum lhe

even thinL

ahurmy

vhich rerc alwaF

bchnrd ! desk. Burvhen

stdt, alfiough I sbyed longer

thu my male cep.esenrr.

legs,

wet

W both

wilh our
Ihey wont he(

b snile a \ot.

De*' suddent

every

neMPaper in the counry hrd

somfting ro say abou! my
l.gs, od none oa irwd ver/

beinsrDyse].eed irrhd{ed.

Trruw tha n:8e mdkrs r

-t/ou re rn ,., r aubl,c c)e you
baieqlqoL:lqe4 ardjut.
Vicvc( donlwrro ke
untid)' clothe, aDd hair.

t8

shij^Fa,,s

JUb,oun

-l.u r}e pr.rnter ur,

prognmrne calld aanbnt.

,ra4

and I i;el very go.d

about iL fll have 10 lDol{
8ood, of cou.se, bur I *or'r
hav to

${& k{y'

clorh.s

Inage

njnr-t,q, ludr
it! tr3ntltiry-In all the

ald shile nii

ncwspaper erjcles atDut rhe

able
c&{hs

ud BFow. haiftrrle.
l-!!b.9ab1 o bdnrlelt r'hen

new

!ime.,flLlx
to choo* Utlqnn

brea}fat progranme,

nobodl

'rmtioned

ine Yiewcre

lhe

rorleni or
n'fonr4tior Tlrcy dl ju$
plsglarumes

ttlt unc.-r^.bbL:
ddfchl imaees.

l heo linilly I couldnldo ir

oy norc, cide. tP6tssc!

appedan.e bcame rronr

pase

n] dpledtnte. It

Tw

wd nver disused. And I

to 3. What do

lhe progrmme prodlce6

crilcised

Read

cuqellllale

dre

{ill be able lo
{4!he6rtenr{r.

tlr grd_q.amme,

noi on ne

th( tcxt nrore.arcfull!_

Answer Ihese quesrions.

I what did thc newstrapers say abou! Pionat appearance?
2 why didnl she like it? (2 reasont
I whar happened ro Fionat co presenier?
4 Whar is Fionr 8oing ro do now?

'r'r'hy is she happy abour

'r?
b Wh6t do you think abour Fiona's

ideas? Do you agree?

7 lt flre d \hurI \urn,harv ut ,he rro

flarhnns

fiona's newjob

.
.
.
.

her new imaSe and rhe reasons ror

what happened and why

(v)

as presenter

phe binh, chi

trith

ncw breakJast

'1

(adj)

/'trivioY
tdm thuaJng
(adj)
artifi cial
/,oxi'fi,rbY tao rc m6t citch c6'i
incidenl(r) /'i.sidon,
tdviai

do'p^blik ail tntdc con mijt cijng ching

|kritisaiz/

oI GMTV

whal fiona is goinS lo do now

how liona leels abour lhe whole incidenr

(v)

rurhrpublic eye /in

qidcise

d ict.\., ,in!

91

The media

Listening and speaking

Getting through

1 You will hear Ray Porter making a phone call.

a El t Lz Usrcn ro rhc frBt pan and answr

Conversation pieces:
Telephone expressions

Who is he 8oin8 to phonc?

wherc dos she work?
what dor he wanl rq phone about?
whar is thc nMber?

Conplete

&. dp.cssidE

wida thsc wordr.

moment hold wrong cngaged

rcpt nEy dtasbn k.p t.y
message through heg speak

Hod-lHptolJ?
CouM

Colld I hove
Coutd t hc.e o

I'n ery, the

-to
fllt,e's tb

...?
233, ,leose?

line's

lor ...7

I think yo!'ve qot the

Wo'M wu lke to

-.
l'll-ogain
I'htub

enensiol.
?

lotel

pleose.

Just one

I'n j6t puttins tou

now.
b Look at lapGcipt 1 1.2 and heck }!Ur answels.
c Practis the
-, convrsations wilh a partnr, using

aick (r') lhe thinss thar happ.n.

i]
D
I

He ges throueh ro rhe wronS

I
!
!
I
!
fl
n
!

He gels throush !o Kaihy's seaerary.

.xrcBion.

Kathy is in a meting.
Hc c?ls back.

n r. hung, up.

Th line ir en8aSed.
He ai"ls a

*ro"s nu-bcr.

Kathy callr him back-

rheret no reply.
He lcaves a messas lor Kathy.

xathy n out.
rcadry is goine to be away next week.

n. t'ota' un.
@ t r.z Llsten ro the rest ofrhe conversalion
and nlmber the events in tbe correct orde.,
(v) /hrn^P/ tlco iui @ien tho?i)
quar s6'6i4n th.ai)
/daiol/
dial (v)
tni' liri, &ip Lqi (dian thoei)
reply (v) /ri'plai/
hang up

(v)

/hould rrt sit ndy (d,.y n6,

hold on
exlension (n) /iks'lenrn/ nuir kl6nthosi) phu
cnsagcd (adj) /in'gidrd b1n @'J;rtE d.ax di.n thqL

The media I
Work wiah a parh.. Take ia
turnr to be the caller. Make

Pronunciation
Clusters; list intonation

in

.dnvrr?tlonr fo. these situari.tBr.

Anhur aordcr
{.nendon t674) to chanSc your

You leLphone

metiD8 next week trom Monday

to Tu.sday. His linc b enSagcd.
You Ieavc a mesragc with hi3

lcxtenrion E74). Th.re is no rcply-

wilh

eha,,s.tt

/fcllqd/

her seqetary, asking her to call

you bact bcloc 4.00.

l.Ur

iou telephon Pietcr Jnscn

lexcnsion 1276). Hls lirc it

mid{

asased. You hold on. You flnally

8et rhrcu8h. Tell hlm rhat your
plaDe is late, but you should b.

ttrolg
nea^l.add

ttrldz/
ConsDant clusteB can also o.cu! ar !h bSinnin8 or io

therc by 1.10.

Consonant clusters
EnSlish word5 oiien have mor. than oDe consomnt sound
to8crhr. Wc call th6. colronant dusr.rs. You normally hav. to
plolounce aU of the consonantr. This is very imporranr whn the
clustcr is at th end of the word and carri.r part oI th. meaninS,
such as a pa* r.nr or a plual.

You telcphone Doctol Sabatini

You a5k ro l.ave a m.sF8e

You

_ -j;#<_-_,

.-=;-==

@aio-Z

/strD0/

t'tjutzjin

Say ths words.

lipsrick watd.obe
againsr rtraight
public
choppd

tdcphorc ccli. Applby

(01789 564162), but you 8ct lhc

b E

e of a word.

r.:

chphaci..d
subjecb
sho.ked

<o6pcte
shouldn,t
wants

Lirrcn, chck and Epcar.

2 List intonation
say a list ol.hh8r i5c intonation rises on cach item in
th list and lhen falle on the last iiem.

whn w
t1

tr.< rsten ro rtris senr..ce.

r
They charsed

---2 -----'"

h.r cloth.t, h.t haidtr| a d

Mark rhe intonadon, rhen

$y

thes sent(nccs.

Footballers have to be youD& rlrong and very fit.

Mchrabian studied thc cfLcls of appearance, voice and canlent,

'kLlo, thit is air trafv connol- Pleat. leaw
tout h.&tas. tf.t nt bL.p and #11...'

w ge. our news lrom TY, radio and n.wspapers.

lT-

I wanr you to relax, bc friendly and rmil.

For lhis recipe you need poraroet

c E rr.:

b t

to@toes and oil.

Llrlen, che.k and repeat.

Ma.lan, I don't know how

it, btt you aE tp.aking
ton body in authotitt.'

'Actually,

tot

Mg..l
to

hi;n sdit hhong lLtu lipstick (n) /lipstiu son moi

tiihe bip bip (n thiA
wardrobc (n) l*r:dtoubl ti qwindo
phdt
tu)
bi dtin tt
compctc (v) /kom'pitl ga,h dua, catth trunh
/'t sbp;/ .6ng thta ldnt m6n dn
recipe (n)

ai trafic control /eo trfik kon'lrouy ddi

blcep

(n)

klitpt

authority(n) /r:'0rriti/

93

The media

Extension: Reading and listening

Gladiators!
t

ok ar ahe phoaosraphs- They arc from a

Discuss thcsc questions-

I
2
I

what do you think the proSamne is abou!?

who are th. pcople in the picturt?
whar do you thinl lhe peopl have lo do?

Disorss rhese qu.siions.

I h rher. a similar TV prograrrune in your counlry
2 The proSrame is dscribed as 'a srue[ing
competirion'. what do you think gd.lliry mcans
I Why do you think people want 1o be corlendcrs

would you like to uy this game?

Rcad rhe rexr and check your idas.

:i,r,qr,
lla,f{lii:tl

gladiator(n) /'gldieito/
toush (adj) ltr''fl
srulling (adj) /sruolil/
b.av

(adj)

/breiv/

bruise
deo dai, msnh mc

(fin dtu)
da
dnne sin
ean
nhit ti/

(ngtdi)

(n)

krul

uel

hdn

eliminator (n) /i'limincit6/ eu.& ddu

contcnder

obshcle

tim (rrin nEtiJi)

lqi

(n) &sntetdo/ dti thr)

(n)

/DbstokY

cludng nAai

wt

The media I

Read the text aaain. Mark the$e sentences

4
5
6
7
8

rrrs {,/)

tr

cladriarrn is.hc most popular pro8rammc on TV.

Only youns people like thc prograrrmc.
The programme ir oD ar 5.40 evry evnin8.
Th. pro8ramme laslr lor an hour.
All !h conlend.rs are men.
Thcrc are six evnt5 in cach progEiDm.
The cladiaron don't take pan in the Eliminaror.
The Eliminator h th easiesi .venr.

3 t-oot< at rhe pt'orqraphs of somc of .he evcnts,

a bbcl the photographs wirh rhre words.
plattorm ing
wall
stict

,!
!
!

tr
tr

rope

b Now look

at the thrc events on thir pag. Dscribe what you

rhiDk the cortenCcrs aDd cladiarorr have lo do in each evenr.

thc photoSraphs and ths vcrbs.

'rsing

aooss hdg on
to
kn@k otr

swing

get

pulloft
carch

You will hear threc contenders talkinS about

experinccs on Cla../tdro6.

El lt.o urt.r

clihb up
ch6e

thcir

and co-plrc the labl. Ur rhse namcs !o

help you.

Zone
Wa

Danger

Ou.l

Saracen

the

l-lang Tough

WaJr

Scoryio

or Trojan

let
Hawk

b E] rr.6 Listen again. what did cach comender have ro do?

c Comparc the ds$iptions of rhe cvnri 1t) you! own ideas from 3.
d If you had ro try an vent, which one would you choose and why?

Devis anorhcr evcn!

fo. cl..liaaots-

a Work in grouF and dcide

whar fte quipmenr is.
what lhc conrenders have ro do.

whai $e Cladiarors have lo do.

how fie conrendeF s.ore-

b Draw 6 plan oI lhe evcnt.

c Describe your evenr ro fte

platfonn

(n) /'pl&tfrrrl/

(n) /sticv
rcpe (n)
hodpt
(v)
ch&!e
/reis/
stick

nii

pull

6pc, bC

off(pbr)

chilc 8Ar
da.r

thM

dudi

theo, sdn

carch

dudi

(v)

/pul

class.

r:fl

th'dnh c6hg, thdne lAi

(trcng mat bi4c gi)

h& atp, un aup

l?Planet Earth
Grammar
The passive
Grammar in use

Rules

I Look ar the cartoon.

a wll't do you dink t}}. rcxt will be about?
b can you identify any of thes thirSs on thek pa8s?
tubbi6h dcbris sp&e satellite spacehfr orbit

'I

Thc texr shows many verbs in th,

Complcre

R?id

the rcxr and che.k your ldeas.

2 ABwcr th6c

r
2
,
4

rcck.t

quesrlons.

what

is ir aboul?
How has the situation been crearcd?
Why i$ rhc sillEtion dangcrous?
what will happen ln the future?

ft6e

snt.nces from lhe

on 4 o.robcf 1957 th. frst taklliE.

sinc.

th.

E r'ery

few week n w sar.llir.s

, thowandt d tpac.oaf

4 ll,fn.luntt.lv

ma..

The rubbishJump in the sky

ot stu wat hit

somd or latd

Th verbs in
On 4 october 1957 the first tatellite, spotnl*,

5ince then, thousands

p.llarn(hed.

of

spacecraft
tpa(e. tve,y {ew weeke new satell,tee are put ilqdbit.
urjonJlate y. space '!beLos pollltd by 93hG lrom the\e
rpace tliqht5. More than 70,000 objects have been le'ft in
rpa(e. ParE of rocke8 have been left. Old etellites have
been abandoned. Other itmi, inluding a qELe, a toanne'
and a (amera, have been lott by astronauts. The situation up
rhere is be.oming dangerour. Eoth Sussaan and American

space(ah have been damaged. An astron.lt wolld be

lilkd if he or rhe war hit by a piec of rubblrh. I W99kkq:t
billionr of dolla6 to .olled all the debri5. but if nothing is
done the rituation will only get worte. Sooner or late. a
satellite tdilLle destloled by a larqe pie<e of rubbish and
thouranbs mo.e pie(es of debrir willbe s(atte.ed.

what do you think should be done about the

dtuarion in rh terr?
plancr (n)
/'pl.enit
rubbish (o) t't[bi|/
ftc ntAi
dbris
spacc

(n)
(n)

/debri:/
/'speis/

mdnh va, mdnh wn

un hu, hhd:ns khans

sarellitc(n) /'sftolai,
spacecraft

(n) /speis'ko:ftl tdu ui tttl

qui dqo tnii ddt
/'.,bitl
ldn 6 nhiin
/po'lu:Y

orbir (n)
pollutc (v)

g6

fte

piee ol nbbL'h

d sat

llit

scnlences arc all

ill

wha. iwo pans dor

2
I

what t.ns ii adr sftcnce b?

which pan ol lhc passiv. verb

a passive ver

chanSes to show the tnse?

Complete

!h. rule.

we form rhe parsive wilb $e

o.r..i r.nsr of rh. verb
the pa$ panicipl.

Find morc cxamplcs of th. passivc

thc tExt. whidr t ns. ar. thy in?

Pl.rnet Earlh 12
2 whed do wc
a Look aI rhese

2 Look at this text about SlLyLr.

a complete fie lext with lhese verbs in rhe pasr

rsc rhe paseivc?

lwo senrences. Do lhey mean lhe

Rusia launched the

l6tsa?

iE in 1957.

lACftvE)

Ihef$t toe

lre \aas

larn.hed by Ruttia in 1957

rrAssr'rE)
Answer these qustions,
I iI we rentove.Rrrrrz rrom fte acrive senrence, we
get Laufl.he.! rhefd satellire /tr l9tz Does ir stili

2 iI wc remove ,y Rdric from dre passive semence,

we ger Th. f6t satellit was lauflehed in 1957.
Does ii sril make sense?
Comdele the r]d,e wirh Mrc or ks.
We use th pasiv wheo rhe actioD

is

ln l97l a 75-IoDne

space stalion called

Sb/d,

bv the UsA. Three .rew! oi three

astronauts

,]r-!z

=_-

Io _t&trla,, bur ar dre end

nl l9)4 n
ltv/,, {rared rn (n:.e
uodl 1979. Then it lell out ol irs orbir 6nd
headed towards the Earth. A lol of lhe space

impoftanr !l'an who or what does lhe aclion

{

O{ten we doD't even lnovv fie a8ent. look again a!

fte sentences iD Rules 1, and find exa'nples with

stalion burnr up when ir entered lhe

lnrge

armosphere. Bur Dor all of ir

tum(rim(i $e .lo lnuw rhe aBenl Find exainple\ itr

$e senienccs in Rules 1- Horv is the agenr shown?
Check the

pieces

ADnralia

rules for the pasive in Grammar

rhe vcrbs in brackrts into the present

noboLlv

--.

A l.L of rhr

by Ausrralian ia!me6. Tbe

--

very hish pdcer.

--Ior
El tz.t risten anit check.
pi.ces

Plactice
Pur

by sode tragmentr.

Fondnarelv
n cces

acfoss rhe Indian Ocean.

--

from thc active in(o

the passive, keeping the same tcnse.
r The America astro&ut, Michael Collins,
ChaDge these 5enten.es

Putting a satellire

I fte satellite
2 It

into orbit.

__..-

(build).

dropped

(test).

I The---satellire _-

(take) to the rocker

(prpar).
rhe ro&et .5 rhe ro.ker aDd salellire
6 rhe lower nan\ ot ibe rd.kei

(lauDch).

4 Rubbish is ddaginS cotrrrDunications satelliles.

t Today's sakllites will creale more rubbish6 A piece of debris crack.d one o1.h spa.e

(dump).

?
8
9

l0

(put inlo orbi!.

Th satellte
(nre).
The sarellire3 own rockels
(mc,v) into the
The satellite

-.-

The

re\, nf rhc

.o.h.'

- _-_----.

rled?e,

a.mera.

2 Evrntually a pi.c. ol debris wili hit an aslronaul

I A rcmal space suil woDld Dot protect th

shuttlet whdows.

s
9

The rpace shurde has brou8lt samc ereilites

back ro Ealr\.
Scientisti found 185 nrarl$ on one satellitc.
Space debrit caueed 156 af ih. marLs-

Rubbish is a problem on Eartll. too. Discuss

I.hy is so mu.h rubbish Produced?

2 Whar is done with iodaY's rubbish?
3 Whal eliec$ is rhis havirrS?
4 llow will lh. silualion hanse in lhe fulure?

(v) /lr:ndi plL6nc (Etlitit1, ue tuLlt

/di'strJi/ phd hui
destroy (v)
(v)
/ o'bendon/ ra 66
abmdon
iaesfontrttl nhd.dulldnhunh!
ast.onaut (n) /
launch

atnrosphere (n)

/a-lmosfio/ bau

tiasnrent
scientist

I 'fra-gmo

(n)
(n)

nrJ

/'saibnrist

hh{

qu\ii

mdnh uA
nhd hhaa lrcc

12 Planet Earth

Vocabulary

Reading

The natural world

Comet!

'I

Do you normally associate these wo.ds

space or wirh rhe Ear!h?

write

Read the nrst two pa.aaraphs and the last

paraaraph of th tcxl. Each paraE aph

with

des(ibes a similar cvent.

or E nc,{t ro each on.

planet

L
L
mountain t
river t
peninsuh

@lcano
star ,

North Pq e

contincnt t

desert

sland
lak. ,

4 '
co6t I
adhquakc ?

I what arc rhe thrc! cvcnrs?

2 when do, or did, lhey happen?

Whar resuhs do you think thc imaSinary evcnt

th second pangraph will have?

.tmosphere '
satellate r
solar system'

equalor
hemisphere .omet
look at the picture. Label

Answe. rhes qustions.

olbrt r

possible, uring tbe words in ihe box.

qui(kly and answer

Read the whole texa

I
2
I

as many of the rhinSs as

which ot $c placct on rhe map are mentione(

liow oany lragm.nts ot lhe comet hil lhe lan

where do they land? Mark the places on the

:'\

peninsula (n)

/ po'ninsjulo/

volcano (d)

*\..

98

&in &io
i

t,&a

earthquake(n) /'o:ekweil(/
/i'kwci!o/
equalor (n)

(n)

/'blniv

cot d4ns ddt

dtitns fiEh dqo

hen spherc (r) /'hmisfio/

come!

coast (n)

solar systcm (n) /soulo sistory' U

bit biln

ir

sao

chdi

n4tfin

Planet Earth 12

I
ll(ad paraSraphs ,-t more carefully.
M.rd rhc items in column A ind olumn

5
B.

a
Fi6t f69mnt

:_4

S.cond fraqment

Work with a p.nner- OnG of you ls a rcponcr and

rlouds of dlst rnd watff

Y "*o",
\'a.r *a"c6-1lr,t'*

.ff{"grt.r

lrok at rhc cvnb in column

wh:i c.uics c.dr on.?
Whrt cfle(. docs c.ch hbv.?

B.

summariz paraSraphr 3-5.

R.ad the ffDal par.araph and discusr these

L?

rp.

Wh.t .vidcn<!

on is an astronomer. Aik afld answer quertions

.
.
.

whit

ia

gohS to

h:fl,cn.

lhe plans to d$troy th fra8mcDtr.

wh.. will htppcn If rhc plan t:lls.
Compar. your idcas with rhc class.

Urc the ioformation lbove and writ scnlancs to

lma8lne it ls awo wecks before thc fra8ments

ot ahc comct hlt the Ear.h. Thcre ar. plaDs ro
send misril.s lnto space to dcraroy lhe

Blvcn ftat th cyenls ol 2091

could rally happcn?
How do you feel about ihe posribiliry?
Whar could bc donc lo prvcDt tt?
at

b
6 Im.tine another

dlsaster, such rs a itorm,

an ea.thqlakc or a volcanac cruption.

Writ.

a ncwsF,.pcr rcpon about

Para8..ph
P.rrg.aph
Paraaraph

I
2
t

it, uling rhh lbrmar:

Dcr<ribc thc s(tn..r lhc momcDr.

D6qibc whar h:pp.n dDcrcribc thc adual and probable

eff!.ts.
J

v.pour (r)

jupiler(n)
axplocion
chsos (n)

drown (v)

/dru:pild
(n) /ik'plourr/
/kcirs/

sao MAc

ov nd, titng nd
s4 h6n loen

.M;t

(v)

/is'kcip/
civilizadon (n) l,rivolat'z.Ut
cscap

collapsc

(v)

/ko1Ep6,/

dinosaur(n) /'dainosr:/

hdt

thai

tiau ttn, sVp 3d

hhinz lanc

dhi
99

t2

Planet Earth

Listening and speaking

Oh, really?
Match the sentcn(es and photographs. How would you
relpond to ahe news?

I
d

Pekr and I are getting ma$icd.

Boi inreryiew lor a job .oday.
John can't pLay today. tt seru hc's had an acddnt.

I'vc

Did you tnow ]t)oy

a-Ed

Rosic hav. rplit up?

5 I rryon rh.8old [lcrld ill $. ract. dt'r

6 I'm .xDcting a baby.
7 I'D alraid I lailed my dtiviDs rest.
8 Hav. you be&d? Sue had ber baby o! Satuday.
e Happy Binhday, Mumnyl

Planet Earth 12

ciatio n
lal; word linking (1)
P

ron

un

The /o/ sound

Mmy words in EnSlish.onlain

rhe

/./

lschwa) sound. A syllabte wirb rhis

sound is alwayr unlresed.
Look at rhis lisr of words. Circl rhe ,
syllables with fie /.r' sound. Nor all ot
the words .onrain the sound.

satellite
volcano
rubbish
unfortlnateiy

z Look at these responses,

spanner

atmosphere

a Choose the most appropliate response lor each of the semences

i!

accident
yesterday
astronomer

1.

Ah,

rcall!?when did that happen?

Thankyou ve.J ftuch. How twe.tolyou.

That's

vondeitl hNs! whe

Aue?

El

k.let

E t2.t

th responses are not approprialc for lhe scnrences

when would you use them?

b Work

in

1.

She

wilh

a paltoe! and roleplay th convrsarions.

two oI fte conversalions and contirue dren.

at lhese situations.

. You've jus! pased your driving test.

. A nember oI you.lamily is in hospital.
. You've just wo! a free holiday in a compctition.
. You've justlost yourjob.
. A lrieDd oI yours is Selring mauied.
. You're going to study abroad for rwo years.
. Itt your lnendt blthday. You've got a prsenr lor him/her.

work q;lh a panne! and male lhe (onve^drron5.

(D) /spa:nb/ .

artronomer

su ive

chia odn dai &, cit

(n) /ostrrnomo/

(v)

/so'vaiv/

s6hg s6t

li

I
2
I

Ile's had ar accideDt.

4
5
6

Their plane arrives at eleven.

6
c

spanncr

rhese

My birihday's
11

landed

ir

AuSust.

the South AriaDric.

John and Ellen hav splir up.

I!'s what I'v always wanted.

7Imexpectingababy-

ot the coDversadons aDd roleplay it in lront oi

c Choose one

sovaftinr

Malk fie word linking in

the .esponses.

4 Make more conversalions.

a Look

!r'at .ighken yest old.

Ht had\j

tz..z t-isten again aDd pay atrenrioD to rhe inlonation.

c Choose

repear.

word stans wirh a vowei, we run lh

fioal consonant on to lhe vowel.

Lisren and check.

a Praaise saying

rz.-r usten agair and

when $ere is a consoDant sound al

the end ol one word and the next

ind. BaEr l$k nen itue!

,nt lkrery notsed far Jou.

LI keep

c Some of

Ei

suddenly

when w speak, we run words

lo8ether. Here is one way in which

right Dan't nlentio^ it.

\lrlldo s! I kh"ai tou @uA do it.
0hwdl.

evacuate

2 Word linking (1)

caad Iuck!

extlnd

El rz.; risten md chect your

CaryHtulatia t! wh. ! the happy day?

A d a Metry Chrittm$ toyou, tao.
OhdNar lt't hothins serious,I hope.
It\ju$what I ve alway! wanted.
Ah v/ondefrl! was ir o boy at a gitl?
fhat t

Probab y
explosion
dinosaur
disappar
suNivc
collapse
million

I gei up at eight o'clock.

El
E

r-a.+ usren and check.

tz..r Usten again ano

Ao'lepv rli, sQp, satp

repear.

(v)
(adj) /iks'tinkv turCt chtins
evacuale (v) /i'vekjueiv sdrdn
cothpsc
xtinct

101

12 PIanet Earth

Extension: Reading and listening

Going for gold
'|

Look at thc title and pi(tures.

a Whar words woold you cxpect ro find in an aniclc on this lopic?

Undcrline rhe bpic words in thr anictc and compare lhem lo

you.list. Add any ncw wordi

2
a

Each p.raBraph has a sentence mir!ing.

Rcad the aniclr carcfully and wrire rhc number of each sentencc

in the.onec! place.
I Abour 8l% ol ii is usd forjwellery.
2 Sailors, lor eramplc used to wc.r a gold earing.

People have always bcn lascinated by 8old.

The word .arat comer lrom rhe crcck word, teratior, which

means a carob seed.

When gold is bought and sold, it isn't usually movcd.

b Ixplain how you dccided where lhe senlD(os belong.

c

Fl tz.:

Llsten to the complete text and (heck your answe6.

senren(es Ine (/t o. Fal* (l).

I Twentyjour carat Sold i5 th moit xp(nrive.
2 Gold is wciBbed wilh carob seedr.
3 Most sold is madr intojewellery.
4 Gold is Iound in Ausralia.
5 Allthe gold in Fon Knox is owned by thc Amcrican

3 Mark rhese

The firsl Sold coins were producd ove. 1.000 yea6 ago.
Military pilots wear gold earrings.
8 The PhaEohs werc buried in ftc Pyranids.

Iildora.lo was dstroyed lor gold.

l0 Cold was dn.ov(rcd in california in

Dis(uss

I
2
I
4

1449.

!
lf!
!

tr
D
n

I
!

th.ie qocslions.

Why is gold usually mixed with other n)etak?

why is guH uscd lor teedr?

why n gold bought by BovernmnB and individuak?
why isnl gold usually moved from bank 1o bank?
5 cold is used as a sydrbol of value. Ir aho has some practical
uscs. How is ir uscd in your counlry?

c (,1 $old i\ dft(n shown in (\t're\\ioI\

H(rr are some Engliih cramples. What do yotr rhink $ey mear?
Thit i a Solden owortunity

5 ThL rnrpo'rJn,

He't been at goad as gold

t wonh hd weight in goLl.
W. ye st ckgold thi tihE.

Shc

whar rxpressions do you have in your laDguage that use rlre

word grid, Tranllal( thcrr iolo Englirh.
Are rhci. any legends o. slo.:es nbout told in lour
country's hinory? Tcll thc class.
article-(n)

lasc atc (v)

/'o:tikl/
/'fesincit/

bai b.io

carat (n)
carob seed (n) /'kairob si:d/

hat.arob Gue

bury (v)
Pyramid (n)
nrct.rl (n)

Kim

102

/pn6mid/

tLt

thtip

d.nnA

tha! cho sk'Ia)

*.

gold is rare. It has

fot ove! 6,000
Irirs. bur rhere are srill
on)y dbout I10,000 tons in
h. woxld. Il is usually
srred wilh orhc! merals.
Ihe propoltion oI gold is
iltown in carars. Pu!e gold
slwehly"fou! carat and
$e chapest is ninc calat.
Ihese seeds were used to
iqh qold and diamonds.
Pure

Hun.lreds ot men died in

the jungles ofSoulh
-Arnerica as they searched
fo! the goldn city of

i?en used

' irifra*iirr.t!*a!ffi,
gold loday is found
rlourh Africa (6l2 tons a
)and Nonh Arnedca
riig rons a year). Of th
rilabout 9% is used by
[duslry, about 6% ts tsed
coins and 2% is made
gold teeth. Gold is

l,hsr

lpieces o! 'nuggers'
Iatgest nuqqet, the
rmann Nugget! was

in l8?2 in llustralia.
reighed 214

Lilograms.

Erdorado.In 1849
thousand6 otpeople tefi
their home3 10 ioin rhe
California Cold Rush.
Many were killed by
Indians, outlaws .rd

Thc largest reserves of

qold are held ih rhe USA in
the Federal Resene BanL
and Port $not. rhe second
biggeEt 3tores are held by
the Eank ofErgland and
the Bank of Ftance. Not alt
of !his gold belotrgs to the
govehmenls of rhese
counllies. A lot of ir is
owned by companies,
other governments, and
indtviduals. Only rhe
rames on a Piece of Paper
are changed. The gold
itself s(ays in ihe bank.
Tho frrst qold coins were
used in Turkey in 6?0 BC.
But gold has ntways been
accePred a5 money
anywhere in the wolld. If
lhey wcre shipwrecked,
they could pay to get home
again. Cold is still siven
to rrrili{ary pilots for lhe

How hany crimes

have been commitled
and how tnany lives
have bcen lost for it?
The gold of the
Pharaohs was stoletr
flom their toInbs in rhc
Pylarrlids. The Inca
and Azlec empires
wer dstroyed for gold.

ingold(n) /piuo EodA udng Au!n

:Jprrion
88cl(n)

(n)

(r) lpto'pr lnJ

t'ntgil
hi'zot\/

0li

qudng udng
ltOns dU trl

,liliiqr

ch,A't

.,"ta,a

ir-tL=fl

^.: --da

1-a

llipreu

shipwreck (v)
n4n,uint tau
lornb (n)
enrpire (n)
/'err,paia G)l dlqu6

t03

l3Tinne
Grammar
The past perfect tense
Grammaa in use

I
a

Look ar the headline and photographs.

Discuss these questibns.
What does 4rr.'li. meu?

r
2
I

otscuss these'quesrtons.
t How has the wodd ch gcd sirce l97l?

whar ir rhe @nnedion btvreen the phoroprapbs?

whar do you lhink happend to the poplc?

what problems do you rhitk

Sarah's amnesia

her lamily?

Rad lhe artid and check your ideas.

The forgotten years

add Sriah Sinms sls a
hlplly l9-yeaLold. She had r nicc
job h a 6lm laboratoir, anJ in the
e$ninss she went out with hcr
boyfricnd. she loved dan.ins,
especially tt, her favourite pap

It wur l97l

Th.n 3h.

ne

trk

!p in a hcpit l

bd.
said

wd trt<ins to her. Hc
ws her hubad, but she
didnt eosnhe him. I. hct, she
didn! lile him vcry nuch. She

rhat he

thooght he l@l(ed very old- Some

orhcr vistoG wcr. stmding {oed

- Alexsdr, 1i. dd Linda,

worLd had rlso changed
druaticalLy. What, for *mplc, **
a wold pG6$or, a miclw.v. d .

childrn

9. The

difiicult since rhc accldenr,' he sys.

'Thines hlve charued a loi. lr\ hard
whcn a wrfc ald nother thinla shel

compacr dircl Thos. thines had dot

tcen invenred id 1973. Had Britain

r.ally had a wof,d Fdme ministeri
And

{tve

had all her favountc pop

Do.roE say rhat SaFh's aoftsia

is

ruc, but they hope thar her rnemory

*ill slowly reru'n. Her husband
Michael hope!

$, tm. Life ha bee!

didn\ recosnre my

her bed, r@. She

of thcn except her riscr, Sally, od

vn sh. looled t*.nF/ les old.r.
But rhaCs bau. S.LIy @ rwen.y
yed$ older, md s wa3 Salah.
'I wo days earlier Sanh bad been in a

or cruh

The accident trad crasd

twenry rean of hc memo.l. lt wu
now 199.1, but for S$h ir was l97l

ud

she wm

lorcorren

still a teeuger. She'd

rwenry tea$ in

the

ln rl$s. $enty yq* Salah had sot

nEnied. (ln 19?l sl,e hadn\ mct her
husband.) And she'd had two

annesia(n)

aum'ni:zjDl

rccognisc(v) /tekosnaiz/
erasc

(v)

/i'tciz./

sefth anl

cluthE quen

Mdtd k

)974,

tu ttc

bdn. thtit

atdNl

drarrali(,ilr trdv) /&b'tn&tikbl;i

ngAt

/'rDa;krbweiv/

ldutJ?

/'!iincidj6/

tl-anh rhii:u

ni:t

Tlme 13
Ru

les

Practice

1 the tcxt uses the pasr pc.fcct teffe.

a Complete thse senknces from the rexr.

I
a

Look

aa

.his list.

say whelher these rhings had or hadn'! happened

l. 1973
stan wo.k
sec th.8atl6

to Sar.h

sh.

th. twnry y.4B

i. biw..n

lse a peEonal

hav.

computer hal/

school

finlsh
hear of Margaret

How do we lorm lhe past perf.d rense? Complele

lawuite pop

group

tum grcy

have a bo),friend

Thatcher lav. hone

We make positjv sratemenrs wirh

_(shon lorm:_)
lorrn:-

b E

W make neSativc slatements

with

)+

Iind nore exampls oI rhe past perfecl tense in the

-(shorr

slory.

r Sarah-(no!

IosI

Answr thes qucgaions.

t Whicb evnl happened ffrst?
2 Which rense is usd for each event?
Thc past prled
happcned _

lcrs

,etr.

or aj?.r-

describd cvents that

an evenr in lhe pasr renre.

Cbe.k &e rules for lh pan prlccl tnse in

Grammar Rctcrcnce

lt.l

recogDt2e) her husband,

rhe

_(nor

neel) hlm.

grey and she

lik) that.
know) hoev to use

microwav oven, bcause

they-(nor

be

inv.nred) itr 1971.

4 -(not
sh.-(cry)
5

Clolhc$
fa$hionr

shc

when shc lound our lhar

(die).

her farher

he tunory.

Complete rhe rulc with

t97l

I She-(not

didn t recogniz, het hutbtnd.

Sarah lott

Complete these sentences. Put the verbs in

brackets iato the pai[ rense or rhe pasr perlect

2 Hcrhair-(tum)

The snFnce describer l'ao ven$:

Sateh

Lincn ro sa.ah and check your answcr.

becaus. in

Look at the two quertions- How do we make

qucstioDs in th pa* perfed lensc?

z when do we usc lhc past perfect tense?

a Look at fiis sentenc.
Sarah ditln't ftcotnizc hcr hutban.l, b.aw th. had

Lr.r

very ikange, because

a

knw)

lot.

ihat ihe cold war

_(end).
-(lookl
7 TV prosraDmes _(become
) mor
-(chansc)
violcnr so sh.
wanr) ro warch
-(not
ftcm.
8 She
sad, becaussthe singr of
T. Rcx_(b
killed) in a ca! c.ash.
-(ilot

3 Think

of a poinr in your life when you! lile

-(leel)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

you b.came a Eenatet

you wet eithtem
you tunedLf school
yau sot
1990

nanie.!

Iour lhings rhar you hadnt done belore rhn.

four rhinSs rhar you had doDe bfo.e !hcn.

b tel

your patnec and answr any queslons that

your parhcr asks.

I was.ghE n, I hadn't b.. to college, atut I

hadn't livea on ny ow. I had alwayt liwd ||ith ny

Mot

accided (n)
invent (v)
slranse (adj)
Cold War
violerr (adj)

pMt
/streindr/

minh, sltng chd

hj h,la. hnc

105

13 Time

Vocabulary

Reading

Time expressions

Body clock

Put thesc words in

hour
century
minllte decade

day
2

th. co.rect ordcr l.om rhc shonest

second
month

Discnss these quenions.

year
week

say years like this:

1973 nihet.en scwntylhrc.

1600 ti/..n hun.lted
1592 llE? oh two
work wirh a pan r. llaclise saying these

1772

doiDg in the

2
I

what do you thint

she has done?

What do you think the rcsulls ol

the expcrimcnt were?
Work in sroups and consjder these

. deping .

years

l9l2 1066 t909 1800 r980 l8l2 t700 1802

b

your panDer-

4 which prcposirions

do we use wirh time exprcssions?

Pur rhese words and phrares in fte corred columns.

wekefld

what is the woman

thinSs:

b wri! down rome more yan. Dictar lhem

the

why did she do n?

Rcad the frst two paraSraphs and

. fie days oi rhe week.

. lhe monfis of 1he year.

3 wc

Look at the pi(turc5 and rhe ritle

ro

Read

evening

Christmas

Oay yeste.day

1O

ianuary th.

and check

partDe..

a which dirss

did lhe hav in fie cave?

Why did or didnr she havr !hem?

dog

a tape recorder a
a CO playe. a. Englisrr

tomorrow aftemoon ten o clo.k Easter

my birthday Tlesday ihe afte'noon

Sepiember night

fte ren olrh ani.le

3 Look at this list with r

a clock

cou6 lood
playing cards a.omputer books
two nice a window a telephone
a watch lights atelevsion a rcdio

two days ago

7 15 Wednesday morning 192? Wednesday 9 lvlay
tonight th slenteenth century nert wcek lst year
this

enodons

oidnight

196Os

Rcad the article again and chcck

4 Answcr thcse

quesr,Jns.

What happened to SrclaniaS body

2 Whal djd &e expe.in(in! show?

I In whar way do individLral body
5
Which kinds of time cx!lesions are used wiih d, o, and rl?
Wnte down your ideas.
Che.k in

did? Why/why nor?

2{

you di4 how would you sleod

your lim(? whar would you

craninur Retcrence IJ.2.

Ask and anrwer thcie quesdonsI which yea wcre you born in?

2 Whcn's your birlhday?

I what limc do you usrally ger llp?
4 wher do you normally so on holiday?
5 When did you last go io th cinema?
6 When did you last write a leucr?
7 Whn did you la$ m.ke a phore call?
8 When are you soiq{ lo rhe hajrdrcsse!'e?
dccadc

Eanr

Discuss thesc qucstions.

I Would you like to do whar SLclan'a

(n)
(n)

/'dekcid./

/'i:sl!'/

nidlighr (n) /'midiait

cmotion (n) /i'nrodn/

t6p kj

Ii

Ph4c sinh

nta

din

Whal panems docs your body

clock work to? (e.8- when do you
naturally wake up/eaVIeel

Whar xremal a.d intemal srimLrli

dtrminc thcse panems?
Do your panems difi$ from ftosc
oI othrpeople that you live with?

Whar problems does

snse

oftime /sens ov lain/

(n) /'ribbn/

rhylhn

cxlemal

(adj)

slimuli(n)

/cks'lb:nl/

/stimjulai/

cAtn gilic

fijs

ause?

G thni gr'n

nhip diCu (tnng nhq,c, ldi n6i)

A ng&i, ban nsce;
tic nhan hich hhich

r. L"

Time 13

,f

\rot'

I'l

Language focus: Nouns used as adjectives

Find expressions in the text that

mff

the sme

Stefonio is o d@rctat ond she s 27 yeaE old.

Her doy underyrcund ws not 24 hou6 long.

What do you notlce about the words y@.s and

ho!6 in the expressions?

What would you call these thinqs?

I a ma who is 67 yea6 old

2 : worklng day that lats eight hou.s
3 a programme that lasts 30 minutes
4 a computer that costs 59O dollalE
5 a bag that weighs three pounds
6 a bott e that hoLds bdo litres

BODY

crocr(
0r llst

2:J l9t!{, Srrhnir

nnln,i rnrrgLJ liotr' I r!rc
!r Ca.lil,a(|. \i,* ltLxn 0. Shr
h!,1 'r n1a, thr rrn li,r
.is!r.a[ anil a lklf sc.ks.
Sn.faxir r$ a rolunt..r i,' {n
It iu rts.ar.h l,rogrrn nr.
n{l rl'. s.irnrisrr in lhr
I'rogr xnr lrr. Jlultnlg
bn,lr rhlthrns. L! rhii

.xt.rirnclr

Srt

luir, !

27-

)taRntl d.ro.!ror, hld st,rtrr

l:io (l!ys nr a,:rrr:l0lcrl

feBer deaL (snd had lo8t r7 ib3

in weight as a resuhl). She had
alxo becone.athr dep.ssed.

cotdo.hble, but
therc Lad been nothiig to tel
hr th tine. She'd hsd Do
bccn vry

clocks orvatch6, no televi6io!

or radio. There had Lcen no

constant

2l

!t

ds8rees Celsius.

The results we.e vry

intreEtins- Stefstri! had be.n

How had she 3pent her time in

the csYe? As part ofthe
experinent she'd done aomc
phyeical and mrntal tosta.
Sh'd recorded he. daily
activitics and the reaults ofrhc
rdts on s conlutc.. (This
conputcr had ben hcr only
link to the outride world.) Ior
rnt.rrsitrment she'd playcd

eor.ls,.erd books snd listned

to nusic. She'd llso learnt
Th experimenr showed rhar
our body clocks are affected by
lieht and tenperature. For
exanph, rhe pattern of day
and

dsLt n*es

ad

go to

u6 wlke up
sleet. However,
people a.e arectcd h dificrenr
ways. SonD people wakc up

nlturally at 5.00 rm, but

othcrs

stsrt ro wak up

'lon\10.00,m. Thii
rill 9.00.r

cflecrs dr. vhole daily rhyrhb.

As a result the early ri6ers are

ar thei.6est in rlrc late

momins. Thc lat rirre, on rhe

othr hand, lre tired during

the day and only com ro life in
the aflernoon or veningl

n$inldnnsui

dcprcssed(ad.j) /di'prst
hidn tra tt i ndo
tang tri (nhd cta...) mntal lest (n) /meDtl test/
(adj) /ktrnstont hhang thtr ddi
enlcdainmnt (n) /,cnlo'leinmonl/ sV sidi tri, str tzu kh'in

dccorator
constant

had been tbere fot only two.

Bc. boily clock bad cbsnsed.
Sbd badnl Lept to a z+hour
&y,6he had stsyed aw*e fo.
20 25 houm and theD had slept

for l0 houn. Shehad dten

Du.ing her lime in the cave,

Stefania had been compleFly
llone except for two wlnte
mice. H6. lilibg .Iuarter3 haal

trstur.l lsht and the

rcnp.rture had been k.pt

udersound for over four

norths,lut she thousht shc

(n) /dekoreiio/

107

l3

Time

Listening and speaking

Arranging a time
t
a

wc wrire and ray date$ in difiereni ways.

rlow do we say these dates?
tw.aty-s.@"d of No||nb.t
N.l,8b.t th. twtly-s.@na

2Zl4 2/5 1/A

1a/3 3/6 21/2

23t9
26/1O

whar were imponan! dates for you in the past yrar? Tell a panne!
about them, and answer any quesuons thai your panner asks.

.
.

yourwd.lias annie.6ary

bi

hdayt

.
.

ofoth e b.n al the lanity

a iational holida!
tun et hol lay

El Ir.2
.
.

do
one?

r-r.2 Linen and check your

Lisleo again and wrire

the darer menlioncd.

th darcs accepled,

In the conversations you hear all rhe

mo h5 of the ycarrcepr drec.
See

lj

dqc nhd nt& q r d.inh

104

conversations

yaut

weddins anniversary (n) /'wcdin ,nni'vo:sori/

ni4n ngdx ctdi
ncdy nshi I nedy t6
nltronal holiday (n)
/'na:/nol 'hJ

loda/

will hed ih.ec

a Look at rhe photoSraphs. what

you ftink ir happening in each

22/11 th.

3O/t 417
12t11 5/12

You

arang

accept

cradmar Reieren.c I l.l

(v)
(v)

$ummr holiday

/b'teindS/
/oksep/
/s^mo'h)l6di/

b6tri

chab nhAn
hi nghi hi

l3

Time
Conversation pieces: Arranging a time

L@k al thes erpressions lrorn the coive6atio.6.

CouH you

CouA

qve ne lone ihfo?rctb. obout

noke on

.?

Pronunciation
-u-; word linking (2)

oppthtn ntwith...?

ny oppinuneat @ .,, to -.,?

ro tede d ... ohd atum @ ...

Con I chonge

wt

Hove you qot ony seoB ovoiloble on

The vowel -uWe usually pronounce the vowel

.?

t'n ofrcid ... is tutt b@td.

fherc's o flight otlon . . .
We hove

l'n olroid
Con you

El rl.t

.!- wirh

one ol

Look ar rhe tablc and lisren ro ihc

sone seog ovoiloble on

tt e.e's .othing left hhi[

.Tne oh ...?

who woold say .ach o(pression?

R<onstruct rrra conversalions wilh a panner. Use
the expresions at ovc and your answers to 2.
Look ar tapesc.ipt 13.2 and chch

yof

answc6.

With your pnrtn(,r makc new conversatioDs

wirh thi. informatio .

A Ask for flishr rirncs !o Toronro. Give

A Give times.
A Acepl on of rhe imes.

bus full museum slrn stldy du.ing .ut

under husi. push !p pull brush huge
bush university use lune lust bull pub

daL{*.

2 A rhonc ro make ar appoinhnt with Dr Clark.

B Oftrr a timc and date.
A You can,l make rhar. Ark for an ahrnativc.
B Oficr rwo ahcrnaivc dates.
A Acccpr one dar..

A You booked eom dcke6 tor a show, bur you

wanl to chan8e rhcm. civc lh date.
a offcr rwo tlrernarivc dares.

wc run a ffnal contonant

sound onro a wo.d beSinnin8 wnh ! vowel. son
wo.dt have a tilnr @nsonant at thc end, espcinly
words nding in -r .w, and -y.

eu tkot(ty

colleague. SuBaesr a dare,

B You can',r make it. 5u88sr a later date.
A Tha(s no Sood lor you. You're goiDg abroad

ftn. Give th!

El u..r usrcn and check your id.as.

E l:..r risten agaln and rcpeat.

2 Word linking (2)

ln Unit 12 wc raw fial

A Choogc one altemarive,

4 A You want to arranSc a meedng with

wrir lhes. wordi in rhc corrrct column.

tljn:lwlt

ny

tlJ,at(ty

whcn one ol lhese words om(s bfore a vowI. we

pronouncc rhe &nsolrant that is normally silenl and

datcs-

B 5u88crt a ncw dal..

ut.at i! blue. /na*o:rEbluJ

a

tslna

,1-

a
5
6
7

--,;i',,,;i,:

/i\
/L!

.4't4tTtut. t d m.tsat .o in! thtough - it eys,

'Sor4, h. t al a mc.ting .

b
c

appinhenl(n) /o'printmonv
collcague (n) /kr'litg
hr'dics,
sussesr (v)

appks lal]u.vapa

a wher will

f":;"-t)J
'#

lew

pronoun(d in

Shc slept lor eiShi hours.

How old are you?
We spenr our holiday in Spain.
This is our own house.
co and play outside.

Now it's my rum.

lr's ai rhc other end.

El tl.r
El ,l.i
bush (n)

d6ns nsh,tp

rh exrra consonan( be

(a Jj-\

few

usten and ctreck.

Lisrer again and repear.

tb|lJt

bvicnx, b4

bull (n)

,bLil/

bb

huse (adj)

/hju:d3/

hhdns k;

ran

dt/c

109

l3

Time

Extension: Reading and listening

The strange story of Martin Guerre
Thc t)araSraphs below rellrhe lirst partot

rh.

true srory ol Martin Guerre,

Iok
I
2
I

quickly at the paraSraphs and aoswer thcse

When did the story lake place?

whre d'd ir happen?
who are lhc'c people?

. MarIiD
.
. Benrandc .

SanBxi

lierre
b Thc para8raphr are in lhc wronS order. Numbcr
thm in lhe corrcct o.der.

2 E

u.a I-isten ro the fi.s.

and (he.k your order.

pa

ot lhe sroiy

Answcr these qucstions.

| 'why did Manin and Bertrande 8ct marricd?
2 Why did Manin leave the villagc?
I ltow long was he away?
4 why did some people bclieve that Manin was

t
6
4

nor rhe real Ma.ain2

Why did Picrre go ro coun?

What was the result oI rhe trial?

Discuss thcsc quesrnlns.

t What do you ihinl Manin did whil he

Do you think this nw Manjn was lhe same

Manin $at had left thc villaSe?
what do you think happened in the end?

I
5 El tJ,7 Listen.
Tick

D
D

fl
I
fl
!

D
E

(/)

man

will hear rhe end of

the thinss you hear.

wIh

ut,"a

a wooden lcc

*"-""

wounded
Ia eD in lov

Arnaud du T'lh
muraercd

d<,.to'
soldier

similar

tutu
ha;sed

b How did thc story

I

You

end?

6 lmagire

you arc Martin or Bcrrrande. Alter

dr arial you st'll your story to a newspapcr-

rcsult (n)

/n'z^ltl

hel qud
oiie

/wudn leg/

chdn 96

/souldJa/

ngtiri linh

trial (n)
wooden leg (n)
soldicr (n)
coun (n)
110

iti

{s

-iime

Iq

frurg st*q*f lfinrttn fir*{'rr

1'ffre maniage wts
a

n[[

not a 6apry o e.

?[r,nin

was

E At 6c trial wnc

pupb tircludng oran\ four

titkts) said lhat th. new ?{aftin was 6e ru[
-Manin, but otler peoph said tfrat frc was t.
'tinally, tfre judy detided tfrat frc rea[y *at
2lanin..BuI IloI wat not tfrc rnd of tlc

and. strong young man, but fic was lazy

and bad-tenpered, and fre teuted Bertrande uery

badty. taan frad half of tfre
funulys farm.

$tngns bmtlier, .Picrre, fiad tie otier 6all. ?.ut

w6ile ,Pbrre worfud 6ard on fiis pan ol tie

farm,
n

anin

spent

fris tinc wirt frs lriznds

"tory.

D 'Ificn
been

lPicne rcceiwd somc strangc

'ffrar one day
inlorllnolinn. Someonc sail tfrat 6c frod seen
was also sure tfrat ?hnin\ sfrocs
nere now tfrree sizcs smallzr tfran b$re fre frad
hf..
was rfizrre's cfrance . J{a went te .ou

and

sfroemo(.cr

'Tfris

rea[ a

tiat tfis

ia $wrre

new

ntartin wa

nfuat

.Franca

th.ft

6o

happy ltJe did not last long, 6owewt.

'Wfrile ?todrlr had bea owty, Sonqli, hdd did,
and bemuse ?lonin had rlisappeored, Ien,:
6ad uieited everytfriag. J,toto tfrat .ltorti't

lill

rdumed,.Pbrre would 6aw to

ELrc fri'ltr liut) ol
lh. inh.itan.. - t?,ooo..Pizfte and -Mafti
orgued about tfre money lor tfrnc yars.

in

a pcddiaq . ,I6c
bride was Btmandc dc Q,ob and tfrcLrid,qnon
was artin $uene.Ifiey didnl low cac6'afu.
Ifrc moniage fnd bem anang.d
trtina
Sangn,
in
odet
b
unilt
tfr.
two
ricfest
latfrer
lanitus in tfie village.
touth .west

vros

hy

l)

One day Sangti caugfrt fris son in tie bam. Jle

was stnling sont of.Pierres produu. Sargi

tie nei day Startin stcmly IeJt

tfre uiltage.
lanily waitd lor news, but none
camt. ?Iatlin Jtenc fiad sinply dinppcared.
Onty Sanqi F.aew wfry.
was

luious,

so

,ffc

bad-tcmpered (adj)

inherit (v)

/in'hcrid
/'silkitli/

D'tieir

not tfie

wos t5 j6 and in tfiz vilhgc ol

changed

nas plasant and frelpful, and treakd Botntnde

well. Jle abo worfud
on the fum.
B.ttrand.
adin now liwd'1apptly
ogafrt and tf,E soon 6od a daugfter.

l{anin $uerrc in'Flandcrs . ,ffre villagc

and c[aimed

ntanin suddenty
o lot wfiiL ic had
away.ln fart, 6e was Efu a ncw mon.
eigfit years later,

rnmed. J{c fiad

tfrc villagc.

shoemakcr (n)

thita ki
bi mAt

claim (v)
bridecroom (n)

/bad'tcmpod /m/ cd4

dA n;i
llu ,meiko/ thdhng'uins
giiy
/klcinr,/ air nhdn
r'
/'hrai,ltrn,n/

13

$@\A/ork
Grammar
Tense revision
Do you rhlDk you arc ellicient or
do you wasre aimc?
Read lhe tcxt and aDswcr $ese

I What is rhc lexr about?

2 Who Sam Flowrs?
I whar 'sis the resDlt of wanin8 time?
4 whar do you do wirh a ume log?
5 why do peopte use lhcm?

'vasti g tnne is likc $rsrnig

monc!,'Tus is drc slosln o{

rclcphone oumbcB, looki.g lor

pi.c.s ot pzp.r on ihci! dcsk, md

Tinrc M.Digtmrt Syettms-

wdking from ooc p.tt oi I build,rg

to dothcL Th6c

Think about your own llfe. Do you

agree

with sam !1owrs?

hou6

Thc tust st.p towds ndigid8

you timc b.tt& ir kcping ! tin
log. Ir r tim. log you ccdrd

lmagine a typical day in you.life.

a Make a tim. log for il.

cr !*r.

of you day- Thcn you h2v61 sor

tim. for thc imptut rhirss. Txjs
.p!li$ to both you! profc$ionil

tld you do dui'g !h.

Th.d you crlcuhG bow much
titu you spcnt on c.ch thing

(See 3b for an

cvcrylhiry
d1y.

Discuss your time lo8

with

a panner.

tr.v.lli!g,

Wba! diflcrences and simila.ities are

Where did the morning go?

a Look at t}le pholographr. what is

'ltt6t p.oplc,'sF Sd n@.6 of

\,rt t@ much tim. o!

TMS,

iclcphoning,

2tjng,

clatrr'& Mshin& wriug let.R,

clc. 'rrho dEy do . dhc loe', s.F

Sd Flovd, 'o6t Fopl. r.

rfu.d .t hos much tine tnq

doing rrivi.l thl'lg3 like finding

Kate doing in each one?

slogan

(n)

calculatc

/'slougon/

rivial (adj) /'Lriviol

lime log fn) hain bg/

hhong dnnA kd, it

nhAt ki thin sian

qwn trcng
bm uEc

(v) /kltlkjulcil/
l{a.tl

(v)
(v)

chai
amaze

lb'mcizl

n6i

chufn phidm,

tdn gdu

Work

4
a

Look at Kare3 time log. March rh

dmes ro the piciuEs,

TIMELOG
tME ACf tvtT\
7.oO Wake up: s

Analys Kare's tioe log.

Itow much timc did (ate spend doing each thing?

b Eow much time did

A consultant ftom TMS is commcnting on Kate's time log.

a Completc his analysis of Kare's morning, using Katet time log and
th6e ten*s: thc past simple, the past continuoui, rhe pre*nr

rch

an.a|io:

stay in bea.

perfect, the past prfect,

cetvpi.howertatean

7.45
LOO
b.zo

'OK, lefs rakc a look at Kate3 time log. What djd she do in her
mominS? Sh
at work ar 9.0O. While th
a cup of coffee, John
. They
about a Tv proganm that thry
ihc ni8hl beforcAl 9-15 Kate !o have a word with Fred abou! fie
meetinS l]le ncxt day, but Fred
there, so -she

Havc bteakfas._

Get

dt6.ea.

fot '9otk.
9.OO Adivc ar wo'ili; cup of
Leave

co+feei John

.orn6

After ib
rh. mominct m{ \he
$an work. Bur Amanda
She was back lrom her
holiddy Thev
ril lO.tO. After rh. colle bre&
Kalework, but lhe compuler _
, so she
rhe ensinftr Thn sh
-.
--

ihj latk

about tV p.og.antne that

we both watched tast
night.

9.15

sh actually spend workins?

7.15

ro have a wo with
Ftea abaut tanorto||,s
fteet:ing. He ish r rhere.
Watk back to offrce.
Go

labo.alory, bur all the computers

so she
io thc olfie. Thc @mputer enSmecr
the p.oblem.
Hc
typin8 a leller a. !2.00. AI 12.10 dr
ktc

-,

g.3O

RezA

motnirc't Potr'

b statr

wotk'

ghe s
1O,t5 Al"Lada Phanee
j!5r o,ot b a'l t'otA he'

hotiaa!6i .ha"'
1O.?O Conee vreak
work: codPute'

H
3l

b Tick

lab a.e being EeA'

11.45 ?.erutn ro ott'ce ConPutet
e qineet hao anver'' He
er?lain' the Woblem'

(n)

/bltl

labomtory(n) /lo'b)rolori/
aohieve

(v)

/6'tJitY/

class

ideas. How

what they are going

wil

each

1() do.

idcas.

(/)

lhe thin8s they menlion.

go ro work

larer

L-l spend more lime wlLh rh

stan playins
reaa

family

solr

more

I
LJ

sray in bed longer

learn a new tanguage

rare morc exercsc

reux

El ra.2 Usren a8aln. whar reasoDs do the people siv?

d wbal would you do wift an extra hour a day? Comparc your
ideas with a Partner.
c

lY?iil lettet

12.30 Lunch tilne

fauh

You hav de.idcd to manaSe your rimr bctaer.

7 lf you .ould save one extra hour ea.h day l,y managing
you. tim{., bettcr, what would you do wirh the cxrra hou.?
a El r+.: t ira.r to iou, people ralkins abour B.hai ihcy would do.

the comPutets in rhe

12,oO gtar't

risrn and cbeck.

c compare your

brMinl
All

E i.t.l

b Ask other people in lhe

11.20 Vldk to rhe .on?ulet

labotalory \n the netr

\1.35

a What are you going to do? Wrile down 6v

b^'r
wotki64 ?hane et'qineer to
exPlai^ taslt'

O5A Srait

bl

what has Kat achieved in her momjnS's work? h fou.

houB rhe har r.dUy only don two hirgs: shc
lhe morniq's post and she
a ltler. Not a lor lor
So

IO.OO Oeciae

:l

14

hing I6i Gia n.iy)

phnna thi nsh'in
sV

dq.t

ddd

rlax

(v)

extra hour

(n)

ti'lrks/

nahi nqdi, tht giAn

/eksrro'auo/

na@i Eiit

14 Work

Vocabulary

Reading

Adjectives and nouns

l-leroic, brave or just crazy?

w..an 16rm.bstYr.t nouns lrom

Look at the title and photoaraphs- Dis.uss these question

I Why do war codespondents do rhei.job?

mady adjectives. This .ablc shows

somc of rhc.ommon noun eDdines-

.r

Is j! a necesFry job? Why are people interesled in Far news?

what docs the Utle say about them aDd thir job?

would you tike to do it? why/why nor?

2
a Which corresponden$ de memioned?
b These stakmens are similar to whar the correspondents

say

in

arrile. Wrile the .orespoDdenfs initials nexr ro each statemenl

I
war rcporteB are a very exclusive group ol people.
2
Sornetimes wheD itt rcally dan,ierous I wonde! why I do

You can't really lhow whafs happening iI you don't take

4
5

+th
8

Evcry reponer walrs ro be a loreig! cortspondent.

AII wrr reooddB are a btr daa.
I often promik that

nop, bur I know lhat I won1.

I always ca!ry a sood luck metsage lrom my wile.
The danger ol wa is xciting.
I leel very prcud that I c 34 imponant world eveors
I'11

as

they happen.

c Explain how you matched the siateD.Dls and corespotdetrs.

d Find dl the words in the texr asso.iat d with wa. a d the nedia.
3 Answer these questions.
I Which war is used !o illustrate fte dangers oi thc job?
2 Which othe. wa6 are mentioncd?

I Which oI the correspondents do you lhink is the otdest_1 wh

4 Whar happened 10 Manin Bell?
5 Which two news orSaDiations are mnlioned?
6 Whal do none oI the onespondnts believe?

Look at this list of adjcclives.

hapPy inPortanl honest warm

carefur long lucky different
dilnclt safe selfish respected
thrilling private successful mad

Do ex.itement and danSr always 80 ro8erher? caD you

think of otherjobs that are exciting but not dangerous, o
dang.rous but not excitint?
work in Sroups. Write an arlicle about dother job and
why peopie do jt. Th|: articie can be serious or humorous

Use a dictionary. Complere the chan

wtto rhe adjetives and their nouos.

Wirii

nouns have a spellin8 chmge,

or add an exira lclter?

about a real or an imaginary job.

choose nouns from the cha.t to

.omplete these sentences, Discuss
your.hoi(es with a parnrer.

.
.
.
.

a rypical activiry in the job.

the problems or ditficuhis of the job.

why people do it.
what quaiities people need to do it.

b wfte

your article, using lhir format:

Paratraph

in a job.
A thins rhat I dislike in pople is

Important qualilies in a person are

You te ... You'r. going lo ... (set the scene of

someone about to do thejob-)
That's all i a day s wotklor 4 ... (say what rhe j(
is and sive rhe problems and ditficulties oI it.)
so why do people do it? \Gj,ve quoles lrom people
about why they do L\e job.)
CouA yor b. a -.. ? \Cive tlre qu3lities you need I

rhjob.)
btave (adj) 6reiv/
/ri'speki/
respe!

ean da, can d'im

hinh tryng, kbam phvc

privarc(adj) /'Praivit/

riinE tt, cd

(v)

114

n6n

illustrat (v)
humorous (adj)
conespondenr (o)

/'ilosteit/
/'hju:moros/
/,k iJo]rldb

ninhhaq ;,

hhoi hdi, hd hu&

ph6ng uian

Work

ba(lc (n)

$ell(n)

chah

/Iel/

t4iiq,

mdt

qud dqn ptuio

tAn

conflicl (n)

I'krnfliktl

xunE d6t

macho (adj)

lm,el.Jou!

co

t4

tinh ddn 6nE

115

14 Work

Listening and speaking

Small talk
I

Rrad abour the woman in the pho.oSraphs.

Annette Van der Alst liv6 in a small town ncar
A.uss.ls in Aelgium. she is on a two-day business
tip to Offord. she h6 got a reseNation at the
Carling Hotel. This is het third visft to Oxlord.

a Look at the conversation.

b som oI Anner.e's part of

the conversation is
missinS. Whar do you think she sayr? Look at

ConvcrsarioD pieces lor tome ideas.

Taxi

drivcr

Annctte

where to. miss?

lhe Carlirg tlotel, pl.arc.

T.xi drivcr

Cenainly. Have you gor any lu8Aage?

Ann$te Ycs, l've gor this suitcas.

Taxi driver Right. I'lljust se !o rhat. Now where
arc You slaying a8aiD, miss?

Taxi

drivcr

Right. A bit Srey today, isn't ir?

Taxt drivr lt's a bii grey today, $e we.ther. Ir's

nol vry nie. You know. Dull.
Srill, ar leasr

isn't raininS.

Is rhis vour first

rihe h.R?

Are you here on business or on

ho{iCay?

Taxi

diiver

How loDg are you staylng?

Taxi

drivcr

Well, I hope you areD't in a huny

driver Wcll the tralficj teniblc. This ir

my second run today.

Taxi

Taxi

drivc!

Anncrrc
drivcr

Taxi

Taxi

d.ivcr

orly

There arejust too many vchicles on

Where are you lrom, rhen?

Oh, yes. Whreabouts?

Taxi drivcr Oh righl. well, her we are. Thafs

6.2t, pltase, mirs.

Annette

Hrc you afe- Keep rhe change.

driver ThaDks a loL mist.

2 H tt.t You wiu bear the.omplere
Tari

conversatiob. Listcn and .heck your ldeas.

116

Conversation pieces: Small talk

Pronunciation

Two common small talk themes in B{itain are the wea$er and
tralficl What do sttangers talk to ech other about in your

Revision

Look at these common exprcssions.

Talking about the weather:

Wet

Talking

suryose yau re

ight

Asking tor.larificationi

I'n erry. I didnl get that.

Look at tapesc pt 1 4.3 and practise the conveHi on with a

rn some oI rhese aroups, oh. of

the words does not have the s.rnc
vowel sound as the othc. rwo
words in the 8roup.
Circle the words rhai have a differenl

I rhumb
home
2 brave
day
I done
4 put
book door
5 push rush pull
6 climb siSn tjme
7 watm
a .an1
whar
e walk lall
sh6ll
l0 so
do
to
tl cheap feel
hjr
12 bouShl pound
b El r+.,1 Listen and.heck

panner. Add your own ideas for extendinq the conveEation.

2 Look at rhese sentences.

a Mark the stressed syllables and draw
the inionalion curves-

An EnSlisb-spcakinA visitor bas arrivcd in your country.

Work with a partner. One ot you is rhe visitor and one is a

laxi driver. Make

the.odver\ation,

ill
0

'l

:'1.,.

wha! shall wc do thjs evning?

Why is yourjacker on {he floo.?

I'm going ro

Do you want a cup ol colfee?

Is it windy roday?

I suppose you're right.

h thai

Where would you ljke ro live?

my friend.

a good idea?

El ia.5
3

see

Listrn and check.

Wha( does rhis say?

/juv ri:ft 6a jend ev 6e buk/
/sud l^k w6 ja nekst jr.r .v ]rslrl/

117

t 4 Work

Extension:
Reading and listening
Summertirne Blues
a Arswer thc

questions.

tbinl the

How old do you

r'i' uo"

E
I
!
I
E
fl
D

his sirllrind's mo.her

the nighbours

la le

"'
r,rhel l'm
Somelimes I
a-gonna do,
But lhsro sin "f n0 core for lhe
B luas -

rris sister

tts parents
his

sirttiend

his

co"c'.*-un

Woll, my mom aod poppa told no,'So

you gotla rneke some
lf you vant lo uea ihe
lo go driving next Sunday.
go io work, I
Woll I
lold iho boss I was sick'Now you
use lha car,
'eoe you did n 't vJo.k s lick.'

the president

what do you think the missing words

El

14.6 Listen and check your

Find American EdSlish

expressions in lhe song that mcan
the same as rhese:

Sornstiaaes I worde r
e-gonna do.
Bdl the rs
tho Summertino Bluos.

no curs fot

l'm gonne lako trro Nrssks, I'm

Answer tbese qucsrions.
t wha! is the singer Soing to mk

Well

How does his boss make his lile

I'd like lo

why won t his (ongressman help

him?

what thinSs aive you the blues?

What wouid you.omplain about

(n) /'krngrcsmoi/ nshi si

presidcnt(n)

tdng thdna

luss

tr{s/

sV 6n

118

congressmer

dLo,

s( on sbm

yo

(n) I'h.lo(t)/ nstiti Ia, hdt

t ki\to (t)/ sV chita tri
(n)
vacation (n) /'vokeiJd ti ns,U
holler

/'Prezidont/

(n)

ny

rl, son.
but you'ro too young lo vols,'
I *ondsr vrhet I'm agon ra do,
Bol lhere a in'l no
ihs Summs.limo Bl{ee.

does h want to do?

does he have ro do?
5 why caa't hc use the Gr?
whal is he Boing to do Ior two

cotrgressman

and he said,

difncult?

what
4 wha!

gonna

a f,i ns vacaliolt"
I'm gonna tako my problon to lhe
united

Me,nber ol PatLiament

lo try

my baby
Every time I
end t.y to maka a dale,
My boss says, 'No dice, son. You gotl'

singer

2 Why has he got rhe blues?

I rick (/i which people he

2-gotn4 reise a fuss, l'rr

raise a holler,
About working sll rumrner just

cwc

Refleting on Leaming

Reflecting on Learning

Reflecting on Learning 4

Your aims

Using dictionaries

whal do you wart to achiev in this cours?

A good dictionary is a great hclp in studying a lan

specially outsidc thc das. It.an h.lp you wirh
meaning, speujng, grammar and proDuciarioD. A
immedlate lcv.l you can usc a biltngual didioni
an Engtish-EnSlish dictionaq,like rhe Orlo Blen

Thlnk about these things.

Why arc you sludying English?

What things do
ned or wanr to do
Look at fiis list. 'ou
. Lisrcning

.
.

.
.

ir

EnSiish?

Speaking

Look at this exrract from thc O4otd

Reading

proDunciation pan oI spe.cb

(r=nouD. !z/u:verb,

whal do you think you can do well in English?

What do you find difficull?
Discuss

with your panner, and then with lhc

Pocket

Spanih

rranslatj

cl6ss.

Reflecting on Learning 2

ho!r. /haos./ . r (rl -. / b.o2tJ) I .ze 2 lrtar) sal

etpectd.uld: Irr. e6 4 F/l ,,6.. Sc lle!6 al coopl
l-oc on lhe houre concsia dNa ae vn b Man . lhl

Recording vocabulary
A uletul way to record vocabulary ir lo mak. your own

look at lhe exampL from a Geman srudent's

notebook. whar kind ol hlormation docs he includ?

expftssions and phrass

ll

is a sood idea to Drc a dictionary which has this

inlo.maiion. and which uFs the IPA ro sbow

Unltl

zoih 9eptembet

Reflecting on Learning 5

,upboard (n) / krb.di: Schrank

atdchai

(nJ t o:mtraar 9ee3ct

Making mistakes
- ek b an

to chat lv) t{t \it ptabetn

a chat (h)

b
.
.
.
.
.

a narual pan of leaming a languageWe make mistakes lor several reasons. Here arc sc
possibililis.
. It's diilerent from your ]anguage.
. Ir3 rimilar to your leguage but not cxacdy thr
. You don'i undersland the rule.
. Ii! an exccption lo &e rule.
o You dor,. know, so you 8uess.
Look at your work in $is unir. lind five mistakes
you madc. why did you inake ftm? Disct$ yor.r

Mistatct are

ataLha t

- ro he!9 a .har

You can organize your vocabulary r@rds in differeni

ways. which of des do you rhink are uselul? why?
by pans of speech {nouns, verbr etc.)

with olhr memberr of the

in word families

dass.

ia.he order thar thy are in rhe book

Reflecting on Learning 6

by siNaiioD (.s. at the shopsi

by ropic (e.s. clorbcs, money)

Nouns

?his is the normal parem of a rentenc< in

Enr

Reflecting on Learning 3
Parts of speech
Ir cao be uselul to know the pans oI tpeech. They can
hclp you to use a diclionary and a grarnnar book mo.e
Thc aubject and object are norrnally nouns or

easily.

a ther

are rhe maln pa.ts of spech.

Nouns oltn havc an anicle. Ther are two ki

c@iunction verb adjective p.onoutr

\/\/

wh.n Jah4 tib in hr!

n.

\\t
preposition nbln adv.6

Find examples of each of

Sall! t young

Definite

cat, ht sniks happily.

son

ai

the*

pans of spech in

his hand badly, so

th.

artide
article

Indefinite

Nouns have two foms

tllt

took him to

thc
a/an, tone/a^y

- singular and
mke plurals we usually add 't.

doe

dogs

ptural.

Reffecting on Lcarning

aul rhre ar some ercpdons. l^/bat arc the plural5

2
I

of lhese words, and how arc lhey pronounced?

ly, wakh, hif., ronato,foo, kq, nan,qktt, \|onan,

&ild, nouse. btush

> Check in Gramma( Refc.ence 2.2

Nouns can be rcplaced by pronols. ChaDa the
repeared Doun in the second senlence inro a
14h./. t th. cat2I

.
.
b

eah'tlnl th. tat.

Unlik. nounr rome pronouns chanS< rhcir fom

depending on whthr rhey ar. a subjed or an
objccr- Complctc this list.

. Try not to ur. a didionary imedialely.

Try b get l}lc g.rcral mcaning ol rbe rcxr first.
Try one oI there strateSics.
. IgDore the word. Somc words aren'r

imponant to ihe meaning.

Tly to work our lhr meanirg of lhc word
from

$e coDrex!

cuess th meaniDs and conrinue radin8.

At the end of rhc readin& look ba.k ar the unknown
words and.hck rbem in a diclionary. Did rhe

Reflecting on Learning 10
Pair and group work
In this coursc you oftn lvork in pai$ or groups. Whar
do you thirl about workinS in this way?
Make a list of th advantaSes and disadvanraSes of pair

She

DiJots your

li

ideas wirh othr mmbri of rbe class.

Reflecting on Learning
Reflecting on Learning 7

must have a verb. Ail verbs must have a

Jubjc( .xcept for imperatives.

illustratc diffrcnt typ5 ol verb iD

Matdr thc reorcncts to the corect

ThGr. sentnces
EnSlish.

I sL.p
c,oto

lot .isht hou6 a ki|hr.

h..l!

pa.lla?
rday.
W.shouAso.
lou litu
Itaw hct y.tt

Do

hhn

b
c

pi*cd up th.

Cive one

I a modilv.rb
| an au{liary vetb

Look at rlis list.

. grammir exerclses .
. roleplays
.
. discusions .
. dlclionary worl .
. learning wor& .
. pairwork
.

r.adinS comprehen\ion
pronunciarion pracrice
writinS exercis.t
Sroup work

lhrning
gams

th. lablc, pui.ing itcms in ead colulm.

Compllc

laphrasalvcrb
I a tnnridvc verb

an inrransiliv verb

b@k. lanimprrafivc

more cxample of cach item.

grammaiical rcrms writaen in the

on Learning

Correction

Reflecting on Learning 12

The verb to hqve

minakes

.
.

wh.n you are talkins?

Whrt should you do?

irw has diflerDi uses.

March th. ures ro the correcr cxamples,

The verb lo

in your wrirten work?

Doc5 correction help you? Why/Why not?
What do you do with thc corrdio!5?
What kjnd of corecrion do you 6nd
hclplul/unhelptul?

Reflecting on Learning g
Dealing with unknown words
a As you read, you wil often mcer an untnown

Discuss your idcar with thc dass. What do your

choiccs tell you about your laming style?

Diso$ thesc quertlons.

Do you likc il when your teachcr (o!recr5 your

'
a

lar in the

How are the

Reflecting

counc. Which wayr do you prcfer?

Verbs
A senlence

11

Ways of learning
You havc worked in rEny dillcrnr ways

"

main v..b
W. haw

wllh

b
word.

dr

For cach. how w do

.
.

lu .h at I

0O

to show possessioD

{on

sratemcDts? .
ncgative statemcnrs? .
porilive

quenionr?
shon answrs?

't21

Grammar Reference

O.1 lhere islthere are

0o

tis)

we us. ,rru it wilh sirgul,ar Doutu

Noiq Thrrc

Ihe.e

is no shon lorm lor

dd

tn.rs

rl.r..r..

lontherable

Norc ln nqarivc5 ard

'tuts.ons

tlc

NOT
NOT

!*

rhe

nirnniv nnr oi

sr.d@T lildriG

B.e*.tWlM&P

Use
w. uF rhe pleFor rieplc reo* lo
. deKib. r.8uL. osl!.
I set up at

1,1 The present simple tnse

wn

w. BMII| tu4

. d.sib.8en

a'.lock

(.yar dny)

dli wtL

.al EldE

ftu Eenh goa ro$.1 th.

Form

dd

slaks.

Sun.

E .tctu hclpt torr h.ad,

Th.! liw in Manch.tt r.

cneral rul:

thc third

rEen

.2

should lshouldn't

siDsula! w. add -r to the

Ex.eptions: wh.n th. ver!.nds B -s,ah, .h, z q-o,

watch

so

nuch televsion

bud/btda
Whc! rh. errb ends in .omonant +,, wc .hanse rhe

hrlt/hati.s
cencral rul:
@a.t

l\el

nentln nid
We

!bnou(. rhc 6n.l -r.s /z/,

!6 tg{2t

Errptions: AIter /t/, h/, /l/, and /k/, w lronounc rh

utt tl^ut

tttpt

tnoFt

@ught

llDfsl lets llulsl

whcn the verb cnd5 itr -16, ..hn, s.t, -t t, -26 otah6,
we p.onounce the 6tral syllable /E/,
puh.s tpolet
ch4nt6 t{cnqEl

l!

Use

w. !s.

thorldtthorldn

say wrrat

tto

w. think n rh. right ding lor p.od.

dnw tu IaL n\ da,g.na.

tol thotdd\

If yo/'t. ilt, ,ou

whet

do

thotu go to th.
ttu hink I tlptu do?

da1ot

ro do.

Grammar Reference

Presenr sihple and presenr

2.1 The present continuous tense

we

trEI.

lhe

-,r, Iotu ol the

rhe presert continuous rnse wi&

fie

.ontinuout

rook at these snrea.et, tn each lair one is nghi

verb ,r ,

ad

r rn

vrb.

2
4

going io rhe cinm lomorow eveniDBI'm going to the cinec every day. r
sh gers up at 6.00

flery

day,

Shej Seriirg up ar 6,00 every day. ,

B fie's llayinS rennjs.

r'm st.yilg wirh my parena ris week.

I nay with mt parelrs fiis week.)(
Vesehnaro don't at meat. /

-4.

r'

Vegeland e.l earinS mear. ,

Whatdoyoudo? a rn! aracher. /
A whar do you do? B I wat.h a ttn.,
Look ar rhe U* *.1ionr for rhe present simple
(sedio! L.l ) and rhc prsnt contnuou and

2.2 Plurals

Notc Th. shon

lir

is

ttrtlsft.

s/h

tlb.

tThry

ft

ot arc

a]ti

To make mosl plurals we add

wirh woldr rlEr end in -.1,

.sr,

to th. noun.

{l

or.o, we add,er.

whn rhe plural ends in -rlrrr ast,

pronounce

lhe

sr endinS

wilh wo.ds that

zbaby

*4? r,r

are

form rvo, /rs'sbhe\/it\

rlio posriblc.

not afud No,

Spelling
For lh spUiq rules lor present Da.ticipl.s

wilh

Some words thar

Some

ft/

some word.

rhe ,r,

.d

tu a vowel

rh,r erd in

tor

']?,

w add

{.

rh. plual .nding is

onrain -ro-.hanse to

-6.

-.g-

plurali arc iregular.

awoman rhre.w d
chitdtcn

we use ,l,i/rrdr wift ringular

t i, b@k rr.r.

re

r/, we.ltrse

b@ks

nour

dcr

aDd

dnd

r/r.r./rror. wiih
rror. childrer

cerundt

fie p.esdr coD.inuous lenre io

sy wbar is bappednS at rhe moment,

w?t vctchia!7:1,ot the non t.

'whq{tJan

adti,ld lotr
te/yot

consondr

ot -g4, 'qc

2.3 havelhave got

Use
ld. us.

anet

thre. babi.t

Bur wilh words that

Nor.:11r. shon

i!

end

j6,

/z/.

She

t hain!

d bath

'

deGibe a temporaly nare,

I 6 nating wirh lridb lot the w.knd.
I a lieing vith ny porea! lrtil t lad d htu..

d.Kibe a tuture anaDgedent.

I k 9ain9 to

lordo, totuftow.

skl nenns tu boyfti.^d

thit

af.wL

lr

123

Grammar Reference

Use

W. (a ur. t4E 9or or ,dw ro ralk aboul Fo$.$ion, rD

a.irirb EDBlsh we ot.D us lav r,r in .onv.rsliod rtj
inlomrl. tjllgr L ody ur.d u !h. prc*n! t.nf.

lJak .an b. do.c todal, atrd w. olr.n use it io w.irjrg.

is rhe lorm don oh.n u*d tn Adcri.an rndish. r4er n

h4v

got a da3,

Mt IaLhn haa buc btoth.6. tpatr)

wrd I'd ,id IA h.v

ttu,tu,. lwi t ttt

To r.lk rbour.aiv ics we cd only ur. tar.

t h4t tunch et 12
NCII
Joh^'t h.ing a
NaJt ,'.ii+,1+t ii.t:'dt+.hw

t4.
!hM.,

rra.tMtdjBa

3.1 The past simple tense

The verb to be

ll

hove got

ir

Short
I
I

Regular and irregula. verbs

c.ncr.l n
we add

ci Ao hak rh. pas sinpl. t.os. ot rc8ul.r e.i

the inffnidve,Il ls the same lo! all pe.sons.

dro

I wkh.,l kldition l6t nilht.

You

l@k tt ott of Ih. ein.low-

Spelling
Wh.n rh. v..b.(15 in -a w< a.ld .d

lilc Itt.d

use 6.d

Grammar Reference

lvhd th. wrl, crd5 in . 5hon voftl .nd. slngl.

onrnani w. doubl. rh. ronsnanr rnd .dd

lq t!.9*d
$!.n th. Elb

Ccngal

llLl

..r'.

&zA drugrql
.o& L .del6t +r wr d.nsc $.

3.2 Adverbs and adjectives

', to

- trrd.

M6l adkrD.

.!1.: w. tronourc. th. fin.l -d.s /d,,

lpold,l,

.pptostl

l.g

tA.

EkcP.io^t. An

/p1,

cnd in

-t

:\ldt
t!'1,

/f/ dd /t/ F. 9rolounc

t.twtt et h.d li:ttll ai&A tnetl

h n or .d ft prclou.ca rh.

@tuItlnLtt tttpr..l
wi.tr th. vcrb .d&

tFl

3ylLbl.

/d/-

lvo r|dl n .d.d lni.dldl

r4xy (.l!r@n v.rbr h.K .n iRSuLr 0.rl lom,
{3c rb. lLr oI iRsulrr !.ft. or rh. lDri.L b.d over.)
t Ir th. t.m lom tor.l pc@E
p$t 3lmPl.
Y.rb
vonkC

b
r.

.4r.

t4

th.

.dvc.bi ar. lftcgular.

Adjctives

.lU it y.tt td4y,

w. u* hin btt

sh.

Som

w pu! adj..rlvcr tr Iront ol

l!.

nouD.

.didriv

9M

.ptld

bfu.

$r

Adjecrivcs do not cb.D8..

tt

W.

Y4.

lG

l,

D.Ftirrr d qu6rios
rios

wi$

Adeerbs d.s.rib. v..br.

Ytu
.L ttt @dt ..!ntr.

d
lE i, d.eib6 dr.l
a adlcdivd dddib. !oGThit it at .6t .uEie. lEas, d.sib.r .a!c.)

ln"

"".th. lnfnirivc
I u$
w.

rhrt bc3lll

Use

l:;,
*-lL

0d

lr

!* .r in lronr oI.D adj.<rlv.

ol rh(

ntlik tht fitn. Not St

a;d*jlk++h. fuS}'J#]
ygblaloa? Nat hl1*
E'aAd-**tM
li .9nv.t qu6rjoor, .nd ibon
ib( ar.F .E rh. eDc lor
t noi,.!d borh rcsuhr $d iF

4,1 The future with m//

I

1t

ia
|

!r h!
r

Dast

slrnpl.

rc!r.

ftnpkl.d a.ion rn

tl
Ita
t,-

!o d.s

It

$. Fn-

w. Pl4rC
Pl4r.C l@tb|llt$taday.
l@tballt

I
I

romP[kd siru.tioD io

$.

pas
I

Yss,

n P.ti' toa test

lhwd

|
Ll.--+-

it

lr''
Ir

npla

rcr:on in rtrc pasL

-X--t#

Use

l'.dioD 6.1)

aDd

rb. pr6.nt

w. u* tb.l!r!( nirL uill

. to BLc pr.didioc or g.leral tbtcm.nts about lb. Iulurct' th. dt6r'rytu w dilld, toloil
Tht n.di.i er't dt ta" aq wd,

Grammar Reterence

ro exples 6

declion @de

ar the

moEenr o! rpe.kin8.

Elditiu'tvtt lou.l. A bP.t rtoittt tkpenlz

ATh.

B OK. t lltud ,

dM.

B , tloll

ktN

t ll giw hin a rine

min daur ol a 6In @ndidonal.

IJtDU dri"k thlt, rot ll lal b.i.i {Sce 3ectiod

in rh.

wifl and ihe prescn! @ntinuous for rhe

Iel

a!

&.* stdes, h

each pair

o.e

4.2)

dglrt

5.2 Clothes

I A whit ar. you doing thji ev.drg?

B lm Soing 10 a pany. /
A Wbar wiLl you do lhii eening?
B I'U 80 ro . pany. .{
2 A I! s cold it hereB rU d@ rb. wirdow. /
A Itt (old u hercD I'o closiDs rhe window. I
I S@tr cvcrybody willhav. a compurer. /
Soon evcrybody is havinr a codputer. f
4 You ll lel b.ner il lou ralc an aspiril /
you're leeling bner

t A
B
B

The

jr.6

n.66

of

sm. <lothd arc alw.ls pluFl.

now6

Thcse words take

T,6.

ttoM

4rc

'hot\

llural .nides

and plural verbs.

t o thon.

lk about a quamitl o!.lotber we musr ure

words that ar aLeadyplural.
thtd T.thilB. tw pai6 ol jcaB. . pair ol n@. tuo
when wc

,dirfr r/wnh

'ki4s.

you l,ke an asp't!. tr

lot rhc welend?
Yer, r'm visidng my brother in S@tland. /
Yet rU visit my lrotbcr iD Scoddd, f

fiale you gor.nI

.r... d... @nbc used to @ke compansons.

Il.t hovt it 6 big at iiE.
silffi itn t6.qznlv a 9olA.
In the n.sadv. e...4... it also tossibl.
SiMt isnl e .xp.Biv 6 arld

fu.ur.

i5

A @mp.rativc .djclve n ollen lolowcd by rrd,.

&ai. it biwtd ttw Cadada.

plans

6.1 The past continuous tense

Look ar rhr Use recnoro ior eI @d lh pr.senl

@ntinuou! (re.!on 2.1) d ched lhe dlcs.

4.2 First conditionals (if

W use dre p.esenr simple lense in

wirb u1t in rh.

@i! dauk-

clauses)

$e tclaus

and thc

She

Iuturf

w hin,I Ut I hia.
sh.' b. hu,ry iI'h. ito6nl e.t brethi,t.

If I

We us! rhe s.he onstncltoD wirh tim. dauses.

w. I wait h.t antil h. @iB
YouA h,v naE intonation qha Satuh g.E hn
I u ban belot n stit$ to /di'.

Use
Firtt

codirioeb

prcdict

rle

efied5 ol a re.l o! probable aclon

I to, lk in th, tu, t@ lons. lat'I

w. Mn1 lo

out

get

tarbent.

if n tui6.

5.1 Comparatives and superlatives

Use
the p.st @orinuour
I

%t

hin9 Tv

r@. dsaib.r a c,ntinuour.r Dnirirhd

d a.N W nitht.

Grammar Reference

pdt coniinuoui
W. ofir! uk the pa$ oltiluour Fnre wiu rhe pait
5impl t.nse. Th dauses e usualy joined by vrtid, 6
P.rr simple and

We lEt the Dlrsat Fd.(t r.e wi.h rbc wrb irzsrri dd

ihe pis-l p.nniDh oI $. v.rb- We lom ft8ular Dafli.ip16 in
the eh. w.y ar.he regular past sinll. t.M Gee section ].1),

watt wited

tuy

tttted

A tot ol common vts hav an inguld past paniciple-

@ hain!

whik h.

b4tr, ttu t Lphd. tung.

I gi,9 tt th. tho?t, I tuu nr l,iaA.

w n dni"g to rh. zirpon
th. .eidat happd..l,
'|hen
w. v/. dnif,s to th. ai|o/t

At t

(Sa tb. lin of iregular vrtu oo tbe iDnd. bacl

Use
The prcserl pedecr

link rh.

pa$ wirh rhe

.lftr.)

p!8e't.

wrc, th. 4(4dt happ@d.

Compare

thf rrc

srnrencer,

v6 hains a bah, k t Lphor. ftna.

h. hr.d th. phon , h. tot ott oIth. barh,

whib h.
wh.n

ft. 6!sl i.mence has a part (onlhuour l.nse !o ser th.

s!. ed a past simpl. len* b sy whar h.Dpeoedth. scodd re era ha rwo pan siDplc l.Bi

whcn wc are relering ro a time

ftam.

I'd bM

to

ril now I'v.

Haw

haa d

tot

Egwt tht .

na4.

(Up

tut today'iwc ar. 3ull n

u!

rar comes

*er.

been
thF

ro thc

be

onc actiotr happned altr lh orhcr.

a
7.1 The

Elizibah\ bottht

present perfect tense

W'E

Form

when we are inleresl.d

haa

ot

i!

tLe prerenr .csulr 01 a pasl

n4.at.

tun L.

lshe has a new .a. now.)

now.)

lw.'rc uol hugry

whcD a druation o. adiviry

sdcd

in rhc pasr and '

ondnuet in lh !.e*Dr
w.'9. liwl hde lot t\|o r.as. lAnd we sriu

beenlgone
B. and ,o hav. a

Atcr words eldins h /y,|d, tq, ry, td! wc do rot

!r! rhc shon lorm ol /la. wc u* &. lul lom. r!

mrMly

Scdr lh!

le

ponoutrcd / (h).2)/.

h." f '" l',

I'S{rt'1"

laniolar o.aing in thc ar.ient p.rld

gtu

ro

Lrndh. (she ls rlill in bndoD, Sh. lE n'r

sh. t

b.d

ro

bndon. l'bc h.s .om. bac\.)

sh.

Norer

Uvc hele now.)

we use r. wbrtr wc a. lalling.bour our.rynrn(r!

et bc.n to t"tlil?
w.'w b.4 to Sdlaatl thrc. ti6.

EM to.

Pres$t perfe.t and pa3t rimple

Compar. lhc pr.s.nt pe.I.cr wih .h.

pa

simple

t.ns.. We use th. palt slrrplc

o wh.n w. d. inl..6r.d in tb. ..rioo or rh. dmc of th.
.cdod mt rh. .lL.rS,?\ boryht

nN sr.

sh. begtu n lat

w.k.

W. w tutl ow lun h. lt/. wnt lt that nN @Ia in

whn the aajoo nnish.d in thc pet.

W.n twl hd. tine l%a. B.ht ttat I Uqt!

B.ha thrt I hwd

wben
1

om.

9.

b.d

ii lrndn.

Lo"ltn

ft rc

E4r lou

tM.

rcLEina ro

to Fgt?t

had a

thE rin6

t/,

lim ftd.

tlDr cnded in

lasr.erlwid

day todat?

Cano

y6, brt
!.tt.rdar

v6

Notc: when .herc ir a pan rimc rcLi.n.. (h r93Z rw

dttt ago. yt!.n!4r\. yot 6net e th. F t timpL r.r,
not th. pr.knr !erl.<r,

127

-,

dmmar Reference

8-2

7.2 forlsince

used to

w. oit.n

us. &r and Jt a w,rh $c presenr perld rG.

W. usc /or wth a pcriod ol tide. Wc usc ffd wirh a poinr in

rw t aa h.t.

lo'

tuo

I ritu

t'att

tt'el

Pr.snr perfcci, prerent rimple.nd pr6ent

rool

ar

rh.sc senrctr..s- Som arc .ight dnd

$m.

arc

How lons hav. you lived in nrde? /

How long do you liv. in fro..? f
How long a.e you livilg in Freaz,{

2 l'v.be.n. r.&h.r rinc

19a3.

slnc. 1933. f
fo. rd y<aB.
He work tn a bank lor tcn yc.rs.,
I'm

a racher

H..l mrt.d

,t

tlow long hzvc yoq had your 6l?

IIo*
IIo*

he

i. : b.nt

il

long do you hare your c.r? tr

long ac y@ hrvinS you. d?

Use

rnot at (h. U* r.crioar lor rh. prcsnt pd<! ib!

pr.senr simpl. lsecrion L r) rld the pr.s.Et conliououi

(s.dion 2.1, .od chcd lh. ru|.r.

ro expres a

I ue.l

to

to

habl in rh. pa3t (which ir no lon8.r

pla, E"nk.v.ty dat.

etp6t

r.

ir

b4l

non t

ro.

in

aN

th. pair

8.1 Expressing quantity

tt2

w tiil ir

^ktbrrm.

ar. th. indeaDire .nicl.r lor plur.l rount

.nd un@sr.bL oouE 1*. b.low).
wc us. ror. widr loiirive srat(elrs.

Not : Tb.

hd

we us. 4"y wilh besarive 3tateneols md quesdont.

w. ham't gor f bo.k.
Eav. teu tot 4n, h .r7

pasr simpl. @ alio be u(d to .xpG$ h.bits

in rhc p.n. Only rh. D.l simple.an b used lor
irdividul acliod in rb. p.5t.
Lat nitht w wt to rh. rinr d,

Noae lr.r' r, .an o! y b. us.d to tall abour thr pan. To

r.ll

,ln,n. and czy

rl;t6

abour

habirt.nd sllt

rbc prs.nr

w.

usc the

p!.serr

Countable and uncountable nouns

som. nouns ac ounkble. lh.y hav. a tingular and .
I

at.tu ! f@tds lot t.r.

Ined. t14dp tot hn k t.
Ea*to, lot.rt st dps?
son. nou$ a.. un.ountabL. Th.y hav. no plural
lo@. lh.! cn1 rat. rhc aiDaul.r.rdcl. a/.r. lh.y u*
Pq.

I v. sot

o^. inlofutiotlor

Ea'. lou tot @y @n y?

th.*

rhiDts

d.

ro!.

9.1 would
I

It

usELly unsuDhbl.:

\|in.. edEt, @f.., nitk

lood whch you orny ..r p.n ot fah, tftad. dt..t. ha
dLi^ks: ka, ba..

.wat

rhiner which you oily usc parl ol: bothpast , ioep, thcnp@
rn ti.k: dpa. wd. wl, rlatX
son. 8en.!ar words: ifltndiar, nai4 on4
Usc H@ rczt? wirh ounrabl. Dounr .nd t d rcr? wnh

Eo|' nany taddwi.ha

I

EN dkh des

124

do

w ,..d?
Ll?

haw w tot

he I

liketo livealon?

lr'"1

l+"
t,,t
t*"1
---t
ffi
r'. "",,
ir.'
I

you lslealkomalnend?

l i*"

Grammar Reference
lJe6

.
a

r.lkabour improbahte o.jmD6ribk

5iLurioht
I.t hk b tN alh. tBut rhyc wnh rix orher pcopt(
tn.d b. a !o,d potuki.n. \Brtsh. works m a b,"i I
mke polite o,Ln.
woukl rou lik 4.Lp dbUe.z
wtuU lou |ik. ta ro b th. .in.na?

9.2 Second conditionals (;f clauses)

Use

Form
It ftcond

ondnionab we

Lr

bll( abour plans..d irtcorjonr.

I' goirg to tu, a w ut tun w.k_

xcond,ondiluub d.scnbe unrc.t. iDDrobdb,e

, ..,,ur tdr
",,,arnary

rdil,Jbour rhins> rh we <nn rrr or lcctair

rr rhe ,ut_!c.
t tt(r r.tnok_t thtnt |nllins
tob. \.k.
Loak at thae.lauL,t h, goids io
ruD

Nherwuldr

,oi,,

drur.rnd rbe ra$

tltw t

td

rek

thc @nd

rhe

rh6t. t d tahr

/daus.

oDl torm rlh.rhdm

t'm going to peint !h.

trt o bkutilut iouk iI r hatl .noarh honey.

Uso

lturioh
tlw wn

al

ilyot taw ae ahiddt,

hod.t w a,p.ad it at!.
t

n.k

th.,an.

hnhk,

Lbr.nd se(ond cond iondh botir rcter rr th< prc,enr

or
orM@' rmdllcrencc s how probabt. I he .diun
or
Not..

r
2

trInnttu nhpetirto".I lt bu! a nu.ar

1l'hlnk r tr pusrble thar ! $.ill win,t
lll\bnh npa Dn. t.d buy a h&.at.

u* or @;/r' in,be,rchuk
n kI hn
uti t1 t ntt* ni*.
r)rlch. ddr 1 d hctp tou
NOr lflndta,E tr
k

hid

10,1 The

,o

dd *tr

Oh not

te

s tosr

is riuhr

cunrrotl He,s SoinE lo c.anr!

un not He,i lon.onrrctt Hc,[aashl,

A I vr gor a rerribtc headache

Oh dcnr. I ttSrr you eome aioirn. /
a oh dear. I m sorns ro,cr \.; ..-"..",.,,,
A Why havc ydu got.ll Lt.r monev?
B I h gornS ro buy nI Chnr,^ o,.**. .,
B l'll buy hy chnrhar prsenrr. i

rv.n.".,
I.t

,hn wck n.t.

for llrc tutur

tonk at thcre rnEnc.j.In faci patr onc
and on. h hronC.

do

tllhadntttk alaid. twoutdn

titinrrw

Loot ar rh< Ur. scliuns to. j othg

rD..

(sc(tron

future with going to

lO.2

Forn

4.l).nd.hcct

to,rd|/tt!

the rut.(

Gerunds

Form

Splli.g
Basi.

rul.r we

w.sh
read
hurry

add

-t r ro rhe innnnivc.

@,hih,
k.din9

htrt

rhg

Prceprjoht: Ior verbj that chd in

dnr. drivitg nt

.,

he

rjnuvr

Lrc

{,nd

aing

F!' lrrbj wnh d shon rcw(t dnd onty onr onanJnr,

oouo'e lnr conion,nt and add r,,r.

swm t ahirr

sit

si

use
A ,erund is

wc

$.

rnr lom of

v.rrr

u*

s.unds as subj.ds o. obieds

Skiing Mn b. ddhltous.
I lik.
bt tjdne.

ttr.lidt

Ccira'n

r.rLil crt..$ron( r.tc,

scrund.

would tot nnd goins to ttu bant tot

l do4 t nhd aoin! that.

la".! ||atchinq

Da

lou

rpaE llris ro olhu cxprcsstorr whi.h rakc ltrc

Do

tbu thtkL

,.t

@utd 9o

didl wa to do that
would yoa hk to e.kt

a ent.a?

t. ,h.

benk tot

a vidto?

h.?

wc

Grammar Reference

11.1 have to

lod and a tastkondidonal fom (@rld),

u* rhc Ion k abL
'..
th. piona wh.fl t wds En lat I s6 dble to pta,

Crr only has a prescnt

For all

tt'e

o$er

P.stt I @tU

ll

play

we

pe.fet: J'e. ,.d zblz to play th, piaha lat bro y,efi
Ptctent: I an pla! th. piano (o. I'n abL to pldy th. piano )
Fvtnrc, l' b. abk tt plat th. pinho,
condit lonzlt I @/Ll pla! th. pia,o (ot l'd b. abL to pley th.

Present

U9e

an

ptdt th. piano btt t

anl tinr

Cat I ot n thr windo\|?

ColU I har. a wtd wih !au?
can

ror b,y n.

n $pap.. phele2

couwloa ak f,. a.of..?

12.1 The passive

I

Form
we mak thc pasrve wkh the verb !, ,s and

pa$ paniciplc

The ra6 aa na4. in t/au..

Enttith is tpokef in aht aif.re"t carnti.s
Wc can ui tbe passiv. in any rens. 1o mal. dittcrenl rcni6
wc.hanse rhe vcrb lo r..

v6 sral.n
P.e*atp'e.'s., Ttk p..rk,aa b..n ia|uEd
Present: rh. i famatian i' slnt to ou nai alfue
Fttu..: Th. watha will bc .Jlea.a by !h. wkant.
Past: M! bag

Use

r,r l, ro crpres3 sendal obligarion.

L67o.t tut' t haiaEnap tfl ,rg.
Sh. h6 toeattMtk at 3.00.
Wc rsc dotlhtw ta to.xpresi no obligarion.
w urc

yau

dot't ha!.

H. d@rt't

htr.

ro

wat

10

w*

i5n1ncr$ary.)
Salttdat\

a u.. \ IL
on

To matc

d:r nsarivr of

h4vdl bdd t4 dttl

it^'t dov.dfton bank to b k

7h. p.opL
Cold

Th. bas. woa't

11

.2

can

rhe pa$ivc we use thc negarivc ollhe

b. ftop.a.a

To makd qucnioor w. u* thc

v$b ro rd i! each tensc.

lcan't

oom.i

qucsrion iom ol ihr

Hae. the peaple b..n ft!tuea r.t?

ts

lold notd

\1/ill tht

He lran

I nldy

x,.ll
i

shc

Yor

Iranr

quiar
'he

bank to bank?
optnea?

Use

Thc passiv. ir vcry.oddon i. En8[sh. we ur jr hb.o lvcar

nore inrercsted in thc a.lion thrn in who or what did it

LsEcdr Fre

lrtu

b8. b. t

(h
Th.

*id

is

^an'n

If we wanr to show who or whal dos rhe acion, we

Ca.ob k dt @n ukA br tud.a
The

.ridene it eranin.d by loansi. t.ieatklt.

ur rl.

Grammar Reference

13,1 Th past perfect tense

13.2 in,

on

'ot

t..rs
.in 1994
eoturica
i" h. ninaanth entuty
pans oi $. day ., in th. homin!
d.cad.s , in th. I96Ot
in nnq
nonrbs
in Narrsbet

She

lh.d

norl I ooln i.d.

holidayj

no Preposilion h uscd

n,r

ll;"
lo

been ln an

a..

denr?

tonanow.

tokomv aredaan.

ac.

y.ndna!,wu a!M int..tL

l*,."*o'

explcssioru wirh ?6r or n

'I

lhey lseenhimbeloret

3.3

J'

Dates

Wc wrile dats like lhl3:

25

lei

wirl

Ir

kpt nb.r lot kpknht

251

wc s.y darei lilc thlsl

ttu twnq-fth ol*pknb.t tot s.r'r@b$ h.
h. third of arch lor Marh th. thirdl

he

--J'

t*nt-ffhl

llsn

ft.

Dtr p.dea

deqibtt

an cvcnr .hat occuFcd

bcloE

idorhs rveor in rhe past.

I
.

St wtaknt hotpitel.
Eltt \|6 ttk,k to hatpital beau. th. had had an .ccid,nt,

EkrM ltkd
I Wria tp.nt

10

haspital

18

@k

b..auk

Pt

@n at ol th, .a!,

prrkr

Compac

had hcA an aeid.nt

tEd.ryreurd.

sftlnie

tL

af!

th. h,d tp.nt t6

w.kt

sidplc
lhcs rrc *nr$ccs.
and part

wha

|,]h.n

I.dittl. th.

wd. the

kIt
a bf.

Firsr r arriv.d.

sh.

Lt

$cn lhe lelt.

brorc I aFived.

131

Tapescripts

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I inbde y.! b Gi'n? H.

nudyi Engrilh hd. t' EouEno'ih.
H. o a.c.d b med you.

Itlrrt

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!o hcet you 16.

rr..t whqc r. y@ tr@ GAmi?

crn,l |m rrcm h|ly
3.b98
x.ry Ad*hy a.Fr 'E.
e.dt g Erish hd.?
Gl.n^l I i..d it h. dit j.b.
fi.rt Raily? 50. *rBr d. You da?
Grd rmr 'n. brr - dddird brtL
r.rt Oi\ I G. Od yd k-n 9'9I5n n !dEl7
Gie.l Y6. .rd a hisity, 6 3d l v. fcqd
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ht ot a

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14,

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t ! ls rh r tE? ft.rc r. !hr.. mkc bt ts r.lr.
ra wns. r. dE <nrrd6 dhins?
it H@Enyt 96&$d6tr'*?
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th.r'i r v.ry good

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@unty.

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pr.&?

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ry hrn ar$arl rdt'c

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the trhch.n?

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3hould

P..tt di, .mpr.!^ bde tEy idida

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w.y

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Oh, I

Pod r'3 my bnd $d rh.y snouHn\ b. here

(r tdrbh Tnc ouslc ls s loud a.d $ry lo.l s
d'nt Ld tE .llr,ldr th.y slE rd b. a s.h@l

wc.h.r.b 8y hrh
,.

tE p!,.?
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lfc arE &hl p.y dEd b do ..d-9

(.c ft@ . good

h'n'lt.'.Bp<.bl.papl.,H.rbrdl'llE

rr it?

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1.3

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Th.y cD do whai

M.yt rhc, donr do

rh. l.l.rhone numb.'

l lll.r* y@, M. 8.rd W.l *. Yor r 7 ro

t r di.g c6odbr
a A Codd I tuk i.pt6ied *inl ft crrk

rdtis, tn rrdE rE b..rrhe rr.gtrd.

9E !*.F to6 l' n* dl,E r.. rdd, $ d
6udry h*,
rgftd.bd N
Coll^ 96 b .orLg. rnd h. t .rs'6 r.re H.
de{t Errt h.!. b.eltr sr H. m dol.c
d cE Li m'di ti hllc o'x io qd d'. b!s,
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b6
AnJ

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a hiM6 ra dfa d hit lv.dn6dn

t'r

l r.d.

dr. w..k ndr, b.6us. .very.i. tur6 n bed

lac. 8ur lddl rby h brd. I 9d up n:1&d h.E

rcnt

En hin

r.2

Cntutn. q.ts up trBr at about *v.n o:trk Sh.

9*r dM^eE B .Dd h$ brcakrdt ..ny, b.ausc

I llN.

c.rol

h:E 8y bialdd

dr d .{h od.ck
rha'6I hr. up, I sid' o ln. r.dio .'n [4n lo
rE
Ti*n I
w !i h:. trw'. I 9.
'H. & .bqn9aq(d6
pa s.
*FEd
5.f Crc doM r $d harl p-t sM. 5h.

r$r a@n.?

rhds

rrE

A ccenly, wh rlnr dadamT

B 8. I p6l s.v.^ p .e.
A rr*,rMy p.oph ie it ls?

!h.

H.lkr.

pi6e?

M.

9'. dce

o.3

C.rol G6d mohhg M

b*reKrc9.1^9d.4
ma wh id d

Y&

youT whar do you do?

l'n studyiig rhdisiry n

m nur. Er At kn! pEi n m

w. ihould r.r ih. r md rh!^.

t A G@d.n.'lM

''c

wLr,

a l frce

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19 b rh. . t'yrhi,E o fi. Gliig?
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e.

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b6rs 9]orn r@ h!6 nd
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cor!. Mcoodd! hDbo'ld 3hopr s. ! r 6,5m
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to. tff h..d rh.y .d 65 rdv6 0l brld sd r t
cq$ Ei.h Fs *1.lki 216 oir or tul( so
b.in6 or lG rd 2o7 p,iE or b 3d &itr is
Ydr
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Tapescripts

knd i. rE r..e4 of .r...ir ffvig

6ry

vols*6 Nr..

rDu

46ry

G.r'My,

in worfibul9

ljc

!65
rh.

ln

6.
s.

ta.!

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p.iod

l}E Hdo 8qd. Cdput ol hd. AodG

591 bik r Md tE R.y^ordi lobGo ComFny n
d. Ur.! SrrB rod8 13,5,{0,672 dqr.G
6!,yrsur@. t,O@ ph6 br. olr d Erd
dl

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lz

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brd96 -d dr3 ft. n* a lh.
d, .@pr4y l! Fodu.lig . pre td : .* 'lffi
I

ndioy.

I utu.lry

Er

o& &rr@nr
tr d.rrm.i! $at

h $.

hoi$ Ih

bd mc

in

'orkrns
buiB| t idq.!. So 6y wh.r. rdxng day it
dirl6.d ju* now I @mrly rp.nd a lot or tin.
torder b.auF I 90 |! dr. co&u.lid 3 16.
en rdt fiii lw proi..r fm .pdrjig i rd o{ rift
h

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2.3

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hov'3

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ll:i

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lndry. bd Id..'l9d

i.ry

No,lD @h.a ng

di'g tt! ,..r

b-r

ld ny rc*

play

.4ry

I rook! likc n.rl rc.k rh.n. Bur

riyry, I nut 90 lw Br., drlille.
l,lrt 3y! ooi t fdg.r you r. bk n9 i\. chrldr.n

,vd W.l,

lli $fi
xq

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No,lm numbor two

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i.FLr why Ear tor thd.?
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Tapescripts

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3e(.rary c ! n.ndeid, TheGsapho#d
rs you. we , nomally my r<'.lry dcnt
i dtupr ft&gF rq phom orle sh blcs.
ms9. S. lw{ su'p,i*d wn . e\. cad. 'n.
It! yor wtre sh. *id. 'Sh. eys itt u,q. i r
wd r{h.r wo.,icd a! dis. My w tl doesnt pan c

M.r0n

7.5

hn. a!! h. gn b@.

bced. Ctu^ty
Lr hin A.d e.r s..!r ot Ja h. l.h
v LLag.. He s oi y ban bri rh... times sin.e

r&t

rih
dre phon.. r'fy w

r. rnewered, b(n

sid, w. v. 9d ,ou, wlL ad .rild.n hsc

Un.i .nd lorror nr@dt ud rh.y'lr br
'.y
war shtrk.d,

, nghi

instudions.'n

r.i

but *.n.d b

r^c

nuiet timc, h. std, a

m.^ ln:sreenpmpd w lc.m. nroyou, bant

G'v. him:llrh. lM./ ton ln. sa.. wre. h.
rel.ohon:s m. wcrl/el.a. yoq rm t And
rh.n h. put rh. phoic down

Pr.r. .r What dC you do?

o.vjd we l. r lue d d .' he e
t wa

lgryi.g

very

dn, bd *ryo4
h. po[.. round 3n.

th. iro.ey bul lhey iever aught

choi..

ar me

wd rlliqhtin th..nd.
ot

d. I h.d no

tE

m.n

i.z

tr.dk

H.!rr lng L'ft,srm?

M.din

lm

lrdh

Clay r m !o.,y m a
Hiv. you bee^ h.E lon97
L

rare

lns. No. rst a l* tutG Th. phn. w5 dry

trrdii Oid &w .gcd I thrT
l.s. Ycs, t '.u
rd llnc, rhanks.
Hrdt. w. , ve prded ii thc mu i sto,.y so w.

c!.t 6.1 2

tr. Ur. oistd?

ol

oh ycs Ivc alway' wdi.d ro 90 ther.. W.

3rudlcd Will M WddsMfth s 9orn. ai sch@l
ndin Righ! *ll w.llty th. r*.s on satord:y

dE tdiry

pi.k d up

h.rd

Hav. you

1.9.

t'.

rh...

Nc

job on

rcd b asios
ship tEi wB
a ndt

d
iad nrs od

s6b h.

A res md nrer. h. got a

n9 blh. usA onh.
Hc rk d

bGlelr

^/Eid
ofid.d
hin r lob Mdlmri r.rnr

b ye* h. mrde a Lol of

Hcbe@af, ionan
rh.n h. w6 only 25 58. d,cn h. ha b..n pan
ot i\. id.ffiiiml ;d 5a Het h.d d wr
qukhy ed in thc i!
mo^.y on wrl St d

wh.n h.

*E

30 h. mmi.d

r b.&ttu nod, bd

Nd ior n., trdks. Blt Id rik.

a cup

clltoEr 1 and fl hr a c!. pLsa

wrn r 5o tEl r on. cotr . Md oi.16
o&r' t Y6. rd drd r har tr bii ,r.&7
w.n . Oid you .njoy you. n.al7
Clnen.r 1 Y!! b kyou llw6v.,yncc.
Cou d I hav. . rcrcipr io. di. b pre6e7
l'.it-of.dEH@}{arc

s.7

whd do yor mew.6

rh. qu.sidna

ro

h67

'e

nr subvd I y.ft ed t you'r. .

rr

,ou?.

2 lt

r!ul.

bec.^ 30 dd 39 y.d ord add 2

b.twdn 40 d 59 |dd 3 yeEi

y.rd

ir yo!

50 'e
rld 69

b.tud

dd

3/aTwnsrd cil.s r.

y.4

unh..rlhy

pla.*

ryou

F a Elge low^ or ciq k. otr 2 y*6 bur I

you ve a vi a9. or in d'. .ouitt, add z ycau
^ psrr. iiv. rong{ T*. on tlle
5/C M-i3d
ve

divsc. Fn $'.
[rury vi/b h
i\. e.f 5 H3lniy ii. h- mr bcn h.opt
Two y.6 ago hk s.n wcni 10 pr s6. oi. or hk
o d.ughieB ha b..me a dtug rddid H.'s bcn
a^d

$nd

hsr

to twe

69.s bdh e.ded

h. hs riv.d r.*

in h]s

'Dlorcdhis6iacb3.lyF'dE'holc..'hLlil.h.
hs
ld.d b raver. n. s vielt d . msr d.ry
colnry in rh. wodd. Y.s, \ madr a rd o{ non.y
' b..i a.rywhcrc and I v. donc .v.rytr n9 Bur
h- n nRn ft h.ppy? Nlt rdry Nd look{ my

yqE

y.u liv. wllh a pdn.r

7/a Eduation t q.od ror you. Add I ya io,

un'v.Eit deg... Dd aot'.. 2 y.s to' !
9

ye$

il

slbrd

d,. d.y,

It you 5 t down mosr ol

lOAdd 2

rou.:.rci*

tor ar

md. tha ro ho6

rr you spnd

b'orhd. Emirio Flr !e.ry

h& ril. hsnr
's Y.s Emirio 6 a
.hanq.d at al' But h.'s h4py.

r2

t you G h+py add a

E a-3

y.s

13

I you E
n you ,.

y.r. rt rlu

t.rs

@i 2Gl0
a day

dre!

rc unhalpy

nc.d'olal.$'.]lroverlh.lc'|.rekrm.ukc

M.rd^

rng.

cw be.i b M

llave yo!

drener b|o,.?
No. iv. b..n ie Londof,, bur dris s ny i6t
ro rrc
oa Endand
tn...arEdghd )tt?
50 you h:vlnr

;si
st\
iL7rj.
c.
ln9. 'lhe.erltughnd? Oh no,lh.ve.r

jrst

M.ni^ Oh,1s... Now, have you.aten?

lng. I h:d *nerling tr ii. pkn.. bd ir *ae r
v..y g.od, e I d'dnt d h4h.
H.di. O( @ I lv. btutd you inio th. Prk
Hor.l So I drop you lherc 'lh.n I I @mr 4.k
n rbout Mlr d hor md w. d 90 hr a mc.r.
h9. Ihd sd frc. lrBrlk y@.
r,lr^in s eve.j{hlng OK wrh yeu. rcom?

N.rtlr

OK

wll, io*

.d? H. yor

M.ltli

wc

ir

ftr

whar rbour smethiig

ui.d lnd'd lood?

ro

s vcry hor, you know, sp cy. Oo you

l.g. Imndsu...b{r 119'. i. ry ..

H.dl. 6dd Ih.'.'3 a lw lndh'
'eudd
nar h.d I t.d ir a oup c ol w.eis
.oo Md
i!3 vcry qmd. lt'r carled rhc Sohbay

M:(l^

wd Ey hd

well, nor rs ho!.1hop.. FJm Mv. you

5..n the p,og:.hm. ror your v sii?
Ygs
v.d a .opy r.n wcek. bd r'y. .ft

ln!.

rr.

n.dln

That s OK lv. got an.ft.. on. h.E I

h.vcn t phnrcd &r{ri^g rd rh. week nd y.l,
whar would you lil. ro do?

Le.

,. \'

t36

hanr

rcrt

Wo! d you lik.

ot

tr

day

.^ ap.r

bb.

rtr

o pk&?

s ..k ad

tiJ whl

pobro.
you?c d(iding?

14 osnr

ye$

ftolehr abod

cisr.n.r

for !p to r

a day, 4

\o zo,

y.6lorup

n'an 40.

r{your. r noanok

5 Thre.

Cu(.h.r I

Sp.*linq, pre4.

9is6

cudonGr

And I I haw a gi^

w.it.r

a mln .a w.tcr and a

Clen.r 2 Y.!

&d roni.,
9 n rnd

Could Lhav.

r 5 ovftigrrT
tuord 2 ys,

pl6.

ro 40 and 3

yea6lor r0

ro

Fs

butyou

r.

ol wim o, b..r

mor.

lv.!$a

day ar.

0(

ro,

tonic a.e

rh. rcroi.nd ur.

w .r

Would yo! ik *hd or vegeilbles,

F.rdr ti6 r : r&r.r p&ro lirh d'. halrbti?
cen{ . s.hd.nd a j{r. p.m, pr.&.
Cu.t.n.. I A.d I ll hav. th. lovp ro ow.d by
It. lamb chops And I d llkd tld ! di elad add

ft.rch

h.r

rr.6e.

rY.iL. ItEr* Fu wdld

cln.hri t Y.r

you

ftc win. drh

.ould we hJV.

Thats

a!n.d.r 2

bk

on,r

y. !

rr sorc di*r 4 h.ad'b.y, b rar. oi

thr.. yd ir a^y6. ii ydr cr6.lnly (blorhss
slsr.s pr..is, gaodpr.nb) h6.r had h.r'l
toubLc

Iak

ofi

so$6 ya

i,

riyone

lrhiy di.d rrdd d ag. ol 50

Io akurat rour lir..rpd.cr,

.rag..9.

or 72

ya6

sti

'ou
with

r borr. ol

ld h., dee
Enjoy

$.

1: whar wourd you do il you tou^d

vc you&rl so pdtu rd b: / d toh

,o[e $ti,, ..d m p.rn tlr

avdi6.2:

rr

! dft r*sd.r,

yod n.al

toh.body

c.

r.d bsL

yoursoh

would you buy ir? Giy! youscl$o

point tor
d

d.

3: ll
fricrn trd b sret en.s.!
fiom r 5hop, wh:t
'oorwourd you do? -rm po t rd .

Q!-dd

F,i.. wh.r abouryo( rdb?

wit.r k .v.Ddlng .ll r 9hr7

C&nu 1 Y6, m.d you Could w h.v.
M.grassca or midal r.Gr, d.*?
w.it.. C.d nly, dghr away
w.lt.r I'lou d you lik any d*s.d?

Th.^ add or subta.t $(

lE 9.r
Howhon6lJ.}'u?T'r5isw[lto[psydolo!i

d,c

A.d Ih. rmb chops

up ro t s 1016 r@ hory
tolo5

di.d

mod;y?

n.lt r

y.{ E

16-25

? Lon9 re ruE n rdiries ,\dd 2 y.m rq alh

gEndpaied dq 30 y.s ol'j now o, when lh?r

Qe..tl.n

C!n.m.r 2 Y.r

rl

ponB r.r

t6* wa

rh. md?
^ldln
Ing. O.riciM sd ytu we ngte

W.h.r I5e eup

9d

culofrflYgpl.ee'Ah'^.rclw.tdlorn.

M.nii Whenwcr. you in Lo.do^?

r.s. Al,od t... t6 ago lx'
M.nl. w6 ihat m husin.ssT

cuile. r Hec,$

r a.d add thrc. ,s subtad rlrf,e

qudr.n a.d xd .99..ss(
snok. ir tlo wd a loig ,. subtrd l

Qu..rio. 4:

I you

dlLN n e'Fpt

iD

eu dit slird you c{

inturft., yhal eu d yo! do? G v. ydq6. r t&

p@B id - rh. @ ern s&t .t. 9,,n9. w!
'
'
ha,t m!9h nah.r A^tl a .ponttat. t *.!bil
m

a?quct

Tapescrlpts

&.rbh

5:

shop eiebL grv. you

you &2 I@ p..ns

rr.

rtd sljla

.Fng.,

b hlch
rd

'o..

td &r? s.En b *'. po@ rlw3 :

rrYrrd Fs Fqro ir p(nb 6 oK - Fl
r.$on..{c. tsostu106
El,
Kdcd
)s,r. d y d'..r {. ro7 rlld ir
bFiu F hd b. iokry. Ytu obvdElY
'ou
ir6t e
,'it q)iz rE.ql
s. rolrrt, d'oJgh, rd nd prcpl. . lot wolrd
dn 6 dE dltlll16lre Fr .:'pL,.ld 6l
H.r dU

iol,id k..p noey thar ih.y tou^d li !h.

dr.t I ir sanl vdy hudr &n I ih.y r@nd. ror
ol6oRy rn . wil4, $ey rcu d 1*. i to rhc
Dsol.

ard

h.

idi

ir

Nlld buy *den oNds if rh.y

m nm r !ho9 s hbry, bn d'.y @rdn r but

p.opl.

d*y

hw

oEY

re $d.n nm tu.}

Fnlt, ird .!o{ sityT rh. cG bdi4 o'r

rdE @]n nop *Ep IttF. 0d hw
S sit

d!

rrt peds ltd .bd, rrE

krd

rir'9

Sd

sh.Prig

sr'.. E tn*,

bd

@ld

2 A td'.9o

ir

r,j. Jonlr w@ld yo

.dJiMrar

Wcll, could you

ltE!..d
Fn..rd

sir.

cld ld pdd a d.!b|., ir ytu E 9ot on..

is?d*ft A^d hd m'^y ni9hc r. yo!
isp .dn flE

!p

HlPpy

N.* Y.r

st h.:
h. A..

you 9o'^9 ro

wd b rdr. r'.

qd Br ordi dd. ir s.tr .!

'ighj6r b*. a
r.od..-t Y6 oI de c&b
t td.dr rhrii(,fl. Ad, will yo Equn! i
4*i.@ xd r r.k{r c.ll ii lr. Mi^q?
(ld Y6 rd rt. Th. tt*r dran{7to
r.4d6d

9d, r Hd! Frr

7.3o v.ry

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nuJnbcr i5

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0o Fr a.d rYy

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d 6 d..rdr a#d'ri bi dr.y d n cd
rdE$ b r..r .hd -d 9.* i\. dEdri6.
r,ardris M d. ndEy tE d'cdc,
dny
F!nEeEF@ld@Edlr
b tlp dffi
)8 ia tEyd i..d etu
ud Sout d* srxppE 7

rvrE qdld h.pp.i

rt

ro!

rrfrd^g b.:i 6 s. 3hdc? wrd 6rd

srdi I r dr rd put exta r'n93 Ln h. to l.y or d'

i Fd

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srErcs? w@rc
rh. compureE? Yor
w.th a^
r3G q}' a
buI
Fr
l!]urvih a.onplrer and wnai murd happ.n

ftrpr

16

4 y t6r

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lndgoigbw.',.Fhzd,
Myoeg.iEbh.*rhr.d
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9E i$\ gd^g b hk 6 rh. phorc ior hou6.
wc E 9oii9 ro b. nicd ro .a+ oth.r.
rry. 161 9dn9 n aig!. vtr .&h orhcr

HB my caldi.r tr
bvn m hourT w.
'i
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'ou
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R.:&'s. 3r..9iis. 3ilr'g rn qb.Gq i

@ .bdn al eldi6 - hqr.
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dng rdq rdu'g, rrwn$ .ri,ng ri wch,ng

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dod.f.E d'vri.r which

2oo

c&.6 d

hous4dr.
erEsdic

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rd

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6 c.idi6 hdr. Ih< &iB
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E ro.r
r A }lrH 3. *
a I doir r.M.

9or9 b do rod.r?
Do you hn.-y ooinq ro

dr.

@ly rdon\ dl nk r, Mm .norgh

*. @!rd eo ir. pEnc in 0E @
'y.
B Yca, ${t. q6d d... wh.r. rhrrr w. 9oT
Why dnt * 90 b.td p@ by rh. ryd?

No nor

6ut

You

tu'd, w. E^(

db rt

tFg t\* nd hili$ de.

rbod

p.opk

sy

pdty good sndr

n s

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6, (k.r * nic I vidk?

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.24

back

alcr

d.ry5 b- tE a'.Fd &4rs h.d d rlr

* ii. ddl i@. tor.b.d m6 r'wrrr
Fl or Ib. rL( 'n nE d,)dto is or lqin .

Sneb.'g God lwni.g Dl Shris,q

o. lin
Go.d !@9. t s : pr.s'.

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Y6.
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Dr

10.3

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'r
.nd of Ivin9 r'rppty Th... v. th. wo.ds or
tn. G...r lnirdds EFcliur, rh. liv.d
2,300 )qs.9. P..9r. i.v. d.F r*d s
fi,'d pL5!r. rd bd., E h.E i$y tu.

ro.2

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hr.ri.rr 'F.du.

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lh 9..8 o 6r. F. a.'@

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wld b. tro
@ddr d.d6(6 rrqJs rh.k d{ Cr5
Nld rcm! dotr bdru- ,Py mu dnt icd
id.'n&'* 56 iry Ndd s iuE ol
nl4

rb rnr rhs.

histt

A Ged id.r oK 30. you

Hrb.nd 3<Nse fiis y., 'm 9oin9 io rtop

n kng N Ya s cs.ruricl

why

yd?

r..p'Br.

r nP:l

e Y6 o( bd *Jrd you ni^d qoins r.9d ir?

r'h jun 9o;n9 to h.?.. b$.
A No, r d6r mind I iioy ci.g rhd h.l/{
goi- wh.t do yd hEy?
a oh iythng blr mrh,ng roo rqiout. a.d

tu.

N4 Yg 5 E'ol'nd .e8

Hu.b..d'n0,No, rh s y.ir l?n qo nq to

v'r. A.d tny Ls oB td drhr.d?

ivll fllli. rh.

My
do you

iv

bek a Lb . lor nr^e o .iftk?

A h5.il d9h( ldon\ hnd doi.g n. Could
psr nr. phom b@k?

bur you

ns J f,ighr W.
Mh, m. k 61

b'ek

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d (.rc'n $li9e to d fi.r.ft
p..d.. s@ p..oi. ,a pLau. 116 j6rn9
or ol -rcpr.n6 or ddv'ng.l 20o kph. Fo,

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or

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w&ld.'r

w. wadt to do rhcm, So w. eury ve l}]ars wlry

m 9d $ frJdr pk sc tom r6d, b.hg in

hkid
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in
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E di'l
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rh* nnnubE ok.gr dh6 ir e bri
lturie'
And ir Prerc good tv rou?
Dr srh&5.rr Cr, ya nr hes rcu 4 dre
id{d Fe ,ir [v. 6{ it i$t rh. grdr
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pdpr. F,oy tr do'uy ery.y rh,ng. oa rife
rik. .mk ns a m.rr, 9o.9 ror

w.rk or ch:ft,nq

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.bdFU.@hhlod&1.

rhcrc w(h your ti edd

Tapscripts

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up F (.d...d tE .irF!rtg.. &r d c

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