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14th Century - Crisis of The Late Middle Ages
14th Century - Crisis of The Late Middle Ages
2 Popular revolt
Most governments instituted measures that prohibited exports of foodstus, condemned black market speculators,
set price controls on grain and outlawed large-scale shing. At best, they proved mostly unenforceable and at
worst they contributed to a continent-wide downward spiral. The hardest hit lands, like England, were unable to
buy grain abroad: from France because of the prohibition, and from most of the rest of the grain producers because of crop failures from shortage of labour. Any grain
that could be shipped was eventually taken by pirates
or looters to be sold on the black market. Meanwhile,
many of the largest countries, most notably England and
Scotland, had been at war, using up much of their treasury
and exacerbating ination. In 1337, on the eve of the rst
wave of the Black Death, England and France went to war
in what became known as the Hundred Years War. This
situation was worsened when landowners and monarchs
such as Edward III of England (r. 13271377) and Philip
VI of France (r. 13281350), raised the nes and rents
of their tenants out of a fear that their comparatively high
standard of living would decline.[5]
3.1
Civil wars
3.2
International wars
phenomenon should be referred to as more of a deadlock, rather than a crisis, to describe Europe before the
epidemics.[7]:34
5 See also
Crisis of the Third Century
Renaissance of the 12th century
Renaissance of the 15th century
Burgundian Wars
ByzantineOttoman Wars
4
4.1
6 References
[1] James L. Goldsmith (1995), THE CRISIS OF THE
LATE MIDDLE AGES: THE CASE OF FRANCE,
French History, 9 (4): 417450, doi:10.1093/fh/9.4.417
[2] Perry Anderson (1974) [2006]. Passages from Antiquity
to Feudalism. Verso. pp. 186, 199. ISBN 1-85984-1074.
[3] Jonathan Maunder (2009-04-07). Feudalism and the
growth of the market. Socialist Worker Online. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
[4] World Regions in Global Context, Third Edition
[5] J. M. Bennett and C. W. Hollister, Medieval Europe: A
Short History (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006), p. 326.
[6] Peter Blickle, Unruhen in der stndischen Gesellschaft
13001800, 1988
[7] Herlihy, David (1997). The Black Death and the Transformation of the West. Harvard University Press. p. 33.
ISBN 978-0-674-07612-9. Retrieved 2 September 2009.
7 External links
The Waning of the Middle Ages": Crisis and Recovery, 1300-1450
8.1
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