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SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 5 and 6 IT
SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 5 and 6 IT
File
Record
Field
Byte
Record
Field
Field
Byte
Byte
Bit
Field
Bit
Bit
Byte
Bit
Which in addition some parts can be assumed as another same meaning, such as :
Every record in a file should contain at least one field that uniquely identifies that record so that the record can be
retrieved, updated, and sorted, which this kind of field is called as the primary key, for example: every
student in university has a different number of student number. And also there are Secondary keys that are
other fields that have some identifying information, for example: every students has a last name that might be
same with other students.
Also in Storing and accessing records, there are 2 ways of accessing method, they are:
1. Indexed sequential access method (ISAM) that uses an index of key fields to locate individual
records
2. Direct file access method that uses the key field to locate the physical address of a record.
Also, many people are confused the different between database and DBMS, heres a different between it
Database
Collection of file
Using one name
DBMS
Database Management System (the Software)
A SOFTWARE to manage database ex: Ms.
Word
Users INSTALL DBMS
The managing one
DBMS bring many advantages to the organization, such as: improved strategic use of corporate
data, improved security, enhanced data integrity, and etc.
Hierarchical Database Model rigidly structures data into an inverted tree in which records contain a key
field and a number of other fields. All records have only one parent and each parent may have many children.
This structure characterized by one to many relationships among data.
In Network Model records can be linked to more than one parent, allowing many-to-many relationship among
the data.
And the Relational Model uses tables to capitalize on characteristics of rows and columns of data that are
consistent with real world business situations.
Hierarchical and Network
Database Model
Relational Database
Advantage
Processing Efficiency,
which means that database
model relatively easy for users
to understand because they
reflect the pattern of many real
world business relationships.
High Flexibility in regard
to ad hoc queries, power to
combine information from
different sources,
simplicity of design and
maintenance.
Disadvantage
Have low flexibility,
time-consuming,
difficult to install,
difficult to remedy if
design errors occur.
They are relatively low
processing efficiency.
CHAPTER 6
By : Cornelius Susanto / 016201200005 / IR 2
Twisted-pair wire
Coaxial cable
Fiber optic cable
Microwave
Satellite transmission
Hardware
Level
CO M PUTER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cable Media
Broadcast
Media
Hierarchy
of Computer and Host
HOST
HOST
Software
Level
HOST
6.2 Network
Network Categorization
Networ
k
Networ
k
Networ
k
Public
Global
Wired
Private
Local
Wirele
ss
Network can be also categorized into more than categorization, such as public and global, private and
local, and so on. For example: Internet is a public and global network because it can be used by many
people and its available for people from around the world. But Wifi network isnt a global, its a local
network even its a public network, because it can only used in specific areas.
Heres some list of network hardware:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Antenna
Bluetooth hardware
SIM Card
Cellphone
5.
6.
7.
8.
Tablet
Telephone
Access Point
Router
9. Switch
10. Network Wire
11. Network Board
12.
21. Finally protocols are made in layers because it is too complex if protocols are in one layer.
22.
23.
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Software
Layers
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
24.
Hardware
Layers