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  • Amino Acid Biosynthesis

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    gin
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    This document summarizes key enzymes and reactions involved in amino acid biosynthesis from glutamate. It lists the enzyme, required cofactors or inputs, the type of reaction catalyzed, and starting materials for various amino acid synthesis pathways. Central to many pathways is glutamate, which can be converted to glutamine by glutamine synthetase using ATP or act as an amino group donor in transamination reactions. Other important enzymes include glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate synthase, and various aminotransferases that facilitate amino group transfers.

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    chem 40 (good luck guys)

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    This document summarizes key enzymes and reactions involved in amino acid biosynthesis from glutamate. It lists the enzyme, required cofactors or inputs, the type of reaction catalyzed, and starting materials for various amino acid synthesis pathways. Central to many pathways is glutamate, which can be converted to glutamine by glutamine synthetase using ATP or act as an amino group donor in transamination reactions. Other important enzymes include glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate synthase, and various aminotransferases that facilitate amino group transfers.

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    2 views2 pages

    Amino Acid Biosynthesis

    Uploaded by

    gin
    This document summarizes key enzymes and reactions involved in amino acid biosynthesis from glutamate. It lists the enzyme, required cofactors or inputs, the type of reaction catalyzed, and starting materials for various amino acid synthesis pathways. Central to many pathways is glutamate, which can be converted to glutamine by glutamine synthetase using ATP or act as an amino group donor in transamination reactions. Other important enzymes include glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate synthase, and various aminotransferases that facilitate amino group transfers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Enzyme

    Other
    requireme
    nt

    Process

    glutamate
    dehydrogenas
    e
    (GDH)

    NADPH

    reductive
    amination

    Glutamine and
    -ketoglutarate

    glutamate
    synthestase*
    (GOGAT)

    reductant:
    NADH,
    NADPH,
    reduced
    ferredoxin

    reductive
    amination

    Glutamate and
    -ketoglutarate

    glutamine
    synthestase*
    (GS)

    ATP

    amidation

    ATP,
    NADPH

    activation,
    reduction,
    cyclization,
    reduction

    acetylation,
    phosphorylatio
    n, reduction,
    transamination
    , deacetylation,
    urea cycle

    Starting
    material
    Ammonium and
    -ketoglutarate
    Glutamat
    e

    Glutamin
    e

    Proline

    Glutamate

    -a lot-

    Arginine

    Glutamate

    -a lot-

    acetyl
    CoA, ATP,
    NADPH

    Aspartate

    Glutamate and
    oxaloacetate

    glutamateaspartate
    aminotransfer
    ase

    pyridoxal
    phosphate

    transamination

    NADH

    oxidation,
    transamination
    ,
    hydrolysis

    Serine

    Glycine

    3phosphoglycera
    te and
    glutamate
    Serine and
    tetrahydroxyfola
    te

    serine
    hydroxymethyl
    ase

    Cysteine

    Serine

    Serine and

    serine
    acetyltransfer
    ase

    pyridoxal
    phosphate
    acetyl CoA
    (acyl
    donor), 3phospho5-adenylyl
    sulfate
    (sulfur
    donor)
    ATP

    one carbon
    transfer

    Intermediate
    product

    glutamate-5-P,
    glutamate-5semialdehyde,
    1-pyrroline-5carboxylate,
    Nacetylglutamate,
    Nacetylglutamate,
    Nacetylglutamate5-phosphate,
    Nacetylglutamate5-semialdehyde,
    N-acetylornithine,
    ornithine

    3phosphohydroxypryuvat
    e,

    3-phosphoserine
    methylenetetrahydrof
    olate

    water

    acetylation,
    reduction
    (sulfate->
    sulfite->
    sulfide [as
    HS-]),
    deacetylation

    O-acetylserine

    transmethylati

    S-

    on, hydrolysis
    -and others-

    methionine

    adenosylmethionine,
    Sadenosylhomocystein
    e, homocysteine,

    cystathionine
    Alanine

    Asparagi
    ne

    Glutamate and
    pyruvate

    Aspartate and
    glutamine

    transamination

    ATP

    amidation

    aspartyladenylate
    (enzyme-bound
    intermediate)
    [*other final
    product:
    glutamate]

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