RC Circuit:

Vout = [(1/C)/((1/C)+R] Vin

Vout/ Vin = [(1/C)/((1/C)+R]
By taking Laplace

Vout/ Vin = [(1/Cs)/((1/Cs)+R]

By Taking LCM

Vout/ Vin = [1/(1+R)]

Mercury in Glass Thermometer:

The Energy balance of thermometer will be:
dE/dt = d(K+E+P)/dt = hA(Ta T)
(mCp)*(dT/dt) = hA(Ta T)
For constant

^p
C

(mCp/hA)*(dT/dt) = (Ta T)

dT
=( T a T )
dt

Where time constant is

G ( s )=

T
1
=
T a s+1

. So the transfer function

Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor:

V

d
C =F C A F C A KV C A
dt A
o

V = Volume of tank
CA = Concentration of tank
F = Flow
CAo = Concentration of inlet stream
K = Reaction Rate
By rearranging the equation:

d
F
F
C A + +K C A = C A
dt
V
V

It is clear that:
=

Time constant =

Or residence time =

R=

F
+K
V
V
F

So
=

1
+K
R

[ 1+ R K ]

The arranged ODE model

d
1
1
C A + C A= C A
dt

So Transfer Function will be

C
1+ R K
G p= A =
A
s+1
C
o

Capacities:
General definition of Capacity is:
Maximum amount of something which something can contain

RC circuit has electric capacity.

Thermometer has thermal capacity.
CSTR composition/level, capacity is volumetric.