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Improving The Accuracy of A Crystal Oscillator
Improving The Accuracy of A Crystal Oscillator
07
ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING
Application Note
FINAL
Lower turnover
point
10.0
5.0
Drift (ppm)
1. Introduction
0.0
Inflexion point
-5.0
-10.0
-15.0
Upper turnover
point
-20.0
-40
-20
20
40
60
80
Temp (C)
ActualFrequency TheoreticalFrequency
6
[ ppm ] = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
TheoreticalFrequency
2.4. Ageing
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AN1200.07
Improving the Accuracy of a Crystal Oscillator
ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING
Application Note
FINAL
ppm
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
Time
RF Device
Under Test
Semtech RFICs :
XE12xx
SX12xx
Antiresonance
Antenna port
Parallel resonance:
F depends on Cload
Frequency sense
Frequency
Spectrum Analyzer
0
Series resonance
50 ohms input
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AN1200.07
Improving the Accuracy of a Crystal Oscillator
ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING
RF Device
Under Test
Semtech RFICs :
XE12xx
SX12xx
CLKOUT Pin
FRFmeasured FRFideal
6
[ ppm ] = --------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
FRFideal
Frequency sense
Frequency
Counter
12,800,000.00 Hz
Power Meter
10.47 dBm
50 ohms input
6
FCLKOUTmeasured FCLKOUTideal
[ ppm ] = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
FCLKOUTideal
Application Note
FINAL
3
FEI [ kHz ]
[ ppm ] = ------------------------------------- 10
FRFideal [ Hz ]
Note:
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AN1200.07
Improving the Accuracy of a Crystal Oscillator
ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING
RF Device
Under Test
Semtech RFICs :
XE12xx
SX12xx
Read (FEI)
SPI Interface
Cable connection
Or
Antenna coupling
RF Signal
Generator
Application Note
FINAL
Slave unit
915,000,000 Hz
Slave unit
Or
Keyboard
PIR
Golden Tx
Device
(TCXO)
Master unit
Slave unit
Siren
Slave unit
Intercom
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AN1200.07
Improving the Accuracy of a Crystal Oscillator
ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING
Application Note
FINAL
Evaluate
Compute
Offset =
F RF [ Hz ] = FreqRF 61Hz
PLL _ Step
FRF(MHz)
[MHz]
912.9913
912.9931
912.9941
912.9951
912.9962
912.9974
912.9987
913.0000
913.0014
913.0030
Table 1
Step
[kHz]
1.8
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
4.1.3. SX1230
This newer product incorporates a Frac-N PLL with a
resolution of 61 Hz. Unlike the XE12xx products, the actual
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AN1200.07
Improving the Accuracy of a Crystal Oscillator
ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING
Application Note
FINAL
Note:
Temperature
[C]
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
25
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
[ppm]
7.8
10.8
11.8
11.3
9.3
6.3
2.3
0.0
-2.3
-6.3
-10.3
-13.8
-16.3
-17.3
-16.8
Table 2
Actual XO
Frequency
[MHz]
12.8000992
12.8001376
12.8001504
12.8001440
12.8001184
12.8000800
12.8000288
12.8000000
12.7999712
12.7999200
12.7998688
12.7998240
12.7997920
12.7997792
12.7997856
91
134
134
134
136
138
142
95
97
99
101
156
105
160
160
Decimal
76
113
113
113
114
116
120
80
81
83
85
131
88
135
135
66
21
21
21
73
50
4
20
72
49
26
68
55
22
22
RF
error
[kHz]
0.564
-0.172
0.742
0.285
0.793
0.318
1.008
0.000
1.004
0.286
-0.548
-0.151
-0.706
0.067
0.525
Corrected
[ppm]
0.6
-0.2
0.8
0.3
0.9
0.3
1.1
0.0
1.1
0.3
-0.6
-0.2
-0.8
0.1
0.6
Example:
The following example assumes a population of 5 units, with
a different reference frequency error at ambient
temperature. The target channel frequency is 914.25 MHz,
FSK transmission.
Temperature Compensation
15.0
10.0
5.0
Actual XO
Frequency
[MHz]
12.8000000
12.7998080
12.8001536
12.8000640
12.8001024
12.7999104
Decimal
95
80
20
105 88
55
134 113 21
138 116 50
136 114 73
99
83
49
RF Corrected
error
[kHz]
[ppm]
0.000
0.0
0.437
0.5
0.971
1.1
-0.824
-0.9
-0.350
-0.4
-0.400
-0.4
[ppm]
Theoretical
XO Frequency
[ppm]
[MHz]
0
12.800000
-15
12.800000
12
12.800000
5
12.800000
8
12.800000
-7
12.800000
0.0
-5.0
-10.0
-15.0
-20.0
-40
-20
20
Temp [C]
The table above shows that, for units whose frequency error
ranges from -15 to +12 ppm at ambient temperature, an
alternative set of {R,P,S} values can be found to bring back
the tolerance to less than +/- 2ppm.
40
60
[ppm]
80
Corrected
[ppm]
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AN1200.07
Improving the Accuracy of a Crystal Oscillator
ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS & SENSING
FINAL
Application Note
5. Conclusion
Adding precision to a radio frequency link implemented
using Semtechs range of RF devices is aided by features
sets of these devices. One of the key points is to identify the
required precision (mainly dependent upon the available
channel size), and the type of IC that is used (Fractional or
Integer-N based PLL synthesizers).
6. References
[1] Quartz Crystal Resonators and Oscillators For
Frequency Control and Timing Applications A Tutorial, by
John R. Vig, January 2000.
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FINAL
Application Note
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