Joseph Black

(172899). Scottish chemist and physicist, discoverer of carbon dioxide,

born in Bordeaux, France; defined latent and specific heat.

Leo Hendrik Baekeland

(18631944). U.S. chemist and inventor, born in Ghent, Belgium; to U.S.
in 1889, became citizen in 1897; invented Bakelite in 1909.

Jns Jakob Berzelius

(17791848). Swedish chemist; discovered silicon, zirconium,
cerium, and thorium; invented chemical symbols.

Thomas Midgley Jr.

(18891944), U.S. chemist, born in Beaver Falls, Pa.; discovered
tetraethyl lead (1922) as an antiknock agent in gasoline; noted also
for extraction of bromine from seawater.

Louise Pasteur
Among his discoveries are the pasteurization process and ways of preventing
silkworm diseases, anthrax, chicken cholera, and rabies.

Giulio Natta
(190379), Italian chemist, born in Imperia; professor and director Institute
of Industrial Chemistry, Milan Polytechnic institute 193874; research in
macromolecular chemistry, especially petrochemicals; received 1963 Nobel
prize.

Carl Wilhelm Scheele

(174286). Swedish chemist, born in Stralsund, Pomerania (now Pomorze, Poland);
discovered oxygen before Priestley, but failed to publish his work until after
Priestley's announcement; also discovered tungsten in the form of tungstic acid, also
molybdic and arsenic acids and numerous other substances.

George Claude
(18701960). French chemist and physicist Georges Claude was born in Paris. He is
noted for his invention of the process for liquefying air and other gases. Claude also
made ammonia out of atmosphere, invented neon light, and devised the method of
utilizing for power difference in temperature between the waters at the depths and
the surface of tropical seas.

Jean-Baptiste-Andr Dumas
(180084). French chemist Jean-Baptiste-Andr Dumas was born in Alais. He is noted
for his research on atomic weights, laws of substitution, and theory of types.
Dumas devised a way to determine vapor density.

Carl Bosch
(18741940). German chemist Carl Bosch was born in Cologne, Germany. He worked for
BASF (later I.G. Farben), eventually serving as president. He is noted for discovering a
method of fixing nitrogen and for developing a means for production of nitrogen
fertilizers. Bosch received the 1931 Nobel Prize for chemistry.