659

6
8-9 2551

A Simulation of Fringe Pattern of Stress Field for Photoelasticity

10140
E-mail: ipichet@yahoo.com
Pichet Pinit Nuttawat Ploytabtim Sarayu Munpisut
Department of Mechanical Technology Education, Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology
King Mongkuts University of Technology Thonburi, Thrungkru Bangkok, 10140
E-mail: ipichet@yahoo.com

,
, ,

Abstract
This paper is to present a simulation of the fringe pattern of
stress field of rectangular beam subjected to the concentrated
force at its center. The fringe field of the beam is further used
as a new benchmark problem substituting the conventional
one which is the circular disk under vertically diametral
compression. The requirement of a new benchmark is due to
the fact that the fringe field of the circular disk lacks several
important aspects such as isotropic point and singular point.
For simulation, a dark-field plane polariscope is used with
the three primary wavelengths of the white light. With the

equations of the Cartesian stress components derived from

the theory of elasticity and the light intensity equation in
photoelasticity, the fringe field of the beam can be successfully
simulated. The simulated fringes show good agreement with
the experimentally obtained fringe pattern and provide relable
isoclinic unwrapped map. The fringe field of beam can, then,
be used as a new benchmark problem in photoelasticity.
Keywords: Photoelasticity, Simulation, Fringe pattern,
Directions of principal Stresses

1.





(isoclinic parameter, )
(isochromatic parameter, )

(1 2 )





(polariscope)
(photoelastic model)

660

1 (RGB) 24 512 480

/4 () ()
(a circular disk subjected to vertically compressive
force)

xx ,
yy xy
1 , 2

(Fringe numbering)


(Source) (Sink) (Saddle point)
(Singular point) (Isotropic point)

[1]
1

1()
[1]
xx

2P
=
t

yy =

2P
t

xy

2P
=
t

(R y)x2
(R + y)x2
1
+

4
D
r1
r24

(R y)3
(R + y)3
1
+

4
D
r1
r24

(R y)2 x
(R + y)2 x

4
r2
r14

(1)

(2)

2

,
, 1
( x)
t 1()

(Rectangular
beam carrying a concentrated force at its center)

2.

2.1
I
(Analyzer)
(x, y) ( 2)
I
[2]

(3)

r12 = x2 + (R y)2 , r12 = x2 + (R + y)2 , R

D P

I = f (, , Ip , , t, f , Ib )

(4)

( x)

661

Ip (x, y; )
, (x, y; , )
1 x, N(x, y; (1 2 ))
, t
, f ()
(Calibration) Ib (x, y; )

()

(Relative retardation, )
= 2N

(5)

N
(1 2 ) (Stress-optic law)


(x, y)

2.2
2 I
(x, y)
( = + /2)
(Dark-field setup) [1]
I = Ip sin2 (N)sin2 2( ) + Ib

(6)

(Bright-field setup)
=

[1]
2.3
[3]
N=

Ch

=
( 2 )
2
1

(7)

Nf
= (1 2 )
t

(8)

f () = /C C

(8)
( (1) (3))

N=

t 
f

2
(xx yy )2 + 4xy

1/2

(9)

tan 2 =

2xy
xx yy

(10)

3
P l
, c t
x+ y+

(10)

/4 <  +/4

/2 <  +/2 (10)
(10)

(10) 1 2
[1]

3.
(6) I

3.1

Ib = 0 I = 0 sin2 2( ) = 0


( ) = k 2 | k = 0, 1, 2, ...

1 2

Ip

x
3.2
3.1 I = 0
sin2 (N) = 0 (N) = {0 | N = 0, 1, 2, ...}

662

4 (RGB) 24 600170
() = 0, () =
/8, () = /4 () = 3/8
N


N



(Monochromatic light)

(
(8))
(Polychromatic light) (White light)

N
I = 0 I = 0
[1]

4.
4.1

( 3) [4,5]
xx =

x3
2P
2
t (x + y2 )2

(11)

5 (RGB) 24 600170
() = 0, ()
= /8, () = /4 () = 3/8


yy

2P
=
t

xy

2P
=
t

xy2
3
(l y)(x c) 2
3
8c
(x + y2 )2


3
x2 y
2
(2cx

x
)
+
16c3
(x2 + y2 )2

(12)

(13)

(11) (12) y < 0

y > 0 x (
3)
(11) (13)
(Euler-Bernouli theory)
Flamant ( x)

xx =

yy =

3P
2tc3

2P
t

x
1

x
4c2

c
l


(x c) +

(14)
P
2ct

(15)

(15) Wilson-Strokes [4]

4.2
(9) (10)

(11) (15) (6)

663

6 /2 +/2
(Phase unwrapping) [6] ()
4 () 5
6
(3) P = 135 , l = 50
c = 10

Ip

Ib 0

255 (8 )

(612 ),
(547 ) (437 )
24

f,R = 11.20, f,G = 10.01 f,B = 8.000

(9)

( 6)
Ib 0 Ip
Ib 255

5.

5.1

4.2 (4)

(5)

(4) (5)
(5)
( 4)

(3)


Saint Venant





[4] (4) (5)

()

5.2

(Isotropic point)

Wilson-Stokes [4]

l/c l/c < 4.24
l/c = 4.24
l/c > 4.24

l/c = 5




(1 2 ) = (xx yy ) = 0

5

5.3
6

664

/2 +/2
(Phase unwrapping) [6] 6()
4 6()
5
6()
( ) Wilson-Stokes
6()

(Isotropic region)

+/2 /2
( )




( 2)
6 1

6.






Saint Venant

/2 <  +/2



(
)

[1] Ramesh, K. 2000. Digital Photoelasticity: Advanced Technique and Applicationds. Springer, Berlin Germany.
[2] Jones, I.A. and Wang, P. 2005. An Overdetermined Phasestepping Strategy for the Capture of High-quality Photoelastic Data. Journal of Strain Analysis, 40: 477-492.
[3] Dally, J.W. and Riley, W.F. 1991. Experimental Stress
Analysis. McGraw-Hill, Singapore.
[4] Frocht, M.M. 1948. Photoelasticity, Vol. II, John Willey &
Sons, New York, U.S.A.
[5] Timoshenko, S.P. and Goodier, J.N. 1970. Theory of Elasticity, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, Singapore.
[6] Pinit, P. and Umezaki, E. 2007. Digitally Whole-field Analysis of Isoclinic Parameter in Photoelasticity by Four-step
Color Phase-shifting Technique. Optics and Laser in Engineering, 45: 795-807.