BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PROVINCE

The province of Laguna was named after the Laguna de Bay, the body of water
that forms its northern boundary. Laguna de Bay, in return, was named after the town
of Bay, the first provincial capital. Captain Juan de Salcedo with a band of one
hundred Spanish-Mexican soldiers and many Bisayan allies conquered the province
and its surrounding regions for Spain in 1571. Seven years later, two Franciscan friars
started the work of Christianization.

In 1577, the Franciscan missionaries arrived in Manila, and, thereafter, in 1578

they started evangelizing Laguna, Rizal, Tayabas (now Quezon) and the Bicol
Peninsula. Fathers Juan de Placencia and Diego de Orepesa were the earliest
Franciscans sent to these places. From 1580, the towns of Bay, Caliraya, Majayjay,
Nagcarlan, Liliw, Pila, Santa Cruz, Lumban, Pangil and Siniloan were founded. In
1678, fray Hernando Cabrera founded San Pablo de los Montes (now San Pablo City)
and built a wooden church and convent considered as the best and finest in the
province.

In 1670, delimitation of borders were made Lucban, Majayjay and Cavinti. The
populous town at that time was Bay, the capital of the province until 1688, when the
seat of the provincial government wasa moved to Pagsanjan, and later in 1858, to
Santa Cruz. In 1754, the Province of Laguna and Tayabas were divided, with the
Malinao River separating the towns of Majayjay and Lucban.

The province became a bloody battle ground for the Chinese during the two
instances that they no rose in revolt against Spain. In 1603s, the Chinese made their
last stand in the mountains of San Pablo, and in 1639, they fortified themselves in the
highlands of Cavinti and Lumban, surrendering in Pagsanjan a year later.

The loyalty of the people of Laguna to the crown was tested during the British
invasion (1762-1764) when thousands of Filipinos railed to its defense. When a
detachment of British troops under Captain Thomas Backhouse entered the province in
search of the silver cargo of the galleon Filipino, Francisco de San Juan of Pagsanjan
led a band of volunteers that fought them in several engagements in and around the
town which was thenthe provincial capital (1688-1858). Captain Backhouse plundered
the town and burned its newly reconstructed church but San Juan succeeded in

escaping with the precious hoard to Pampanga where the treasure greatly bolstered
the defense effort of Simon Anda. For his heroism, San Juan was made a bridgade
commander and alcalde mayor of Tayabas (now Quezon) province.

If Filipino loyalty gradually degenerated into bitter hostility, it was the fault of the
Spaniards themselves, including the clergy. They perpetrated such grave abuses that
the resentment of the Filipinos was fanned into a rising flood of nationalism. In 1840
for instance, religious intolerance led the people of Majayjay, Nagcarlan, Bay and
Bian to join the revolt of Hermano Pule (Apolinario de la Cruz) of Lucban, Tayabas.
The persecution of Dr. Jose Rizal and his parents to ward the end of century further
aggravated the situation , so that by 1896, thousands pf patriotic inhabitants, especially
of Bay, Los Baos, Nagcarlan, Magdalena, Santa Cruz and Pagsanjan had joined the
revolutionary Katipunan.

Laguna was one of the eight provinces to rise in revolt against the Spanish
misrule led by Generals Paciano Rizal of Calamba, Severino Taino of Pagsanjan,
Agueda Kahabagan (woman general) of Calauan and Miguel Malvar of Batangas. The
ill-equipped Filipino forces fought the well-armed enemy until on August 31, 1898,
when the last Spanish garrison surrendered to the victorious patriots in Santa Cruz.
The province was cleared of Spaniards. There had been only one respite, the Pact of
Biac-na-Bato on December 14-15, 1897.

Laguna actively supported the first Philippine republic proclaimed at Malolos on

January 23, 1899. Her two delegates to the Malolos Congress, Don Higino Benitez
and Don Graciano Cordero, were natives of Pagsanjan.

Upon the outbreak of the Filipino-American War (1899-1901), General Juan

Cailles and General Paciano Rizal led the defense of Laguna until June 30, 1901,
when surrender became inevitable. Cailles became the first Filipino Governor of
Laguna under the American flag.

The province of Laguna progresses rapidly in peace. Roads were built, schools
were established, and in 1917, the Manila Railroad Company extends its line to
Laguna as far as Pagsanjan.

During the Japanese occupation (1942-1945), Laguna was a center of

resistance despite the presence of Makapili traitors.

Today, peopled by 2,473,530 (2007 actual population) industrious citizens and

possessing a total area of 175,973 hectares of land, Laguna produces millions of
pesos worth of coconuts, rice, sugar, citrus fruits, lanzones and other products.
Tourists flock to its beauty spots, especially Pagsanjan Falls, Los Baos Hot Springs,
Makiling National park, Sampaloc Lake and many others.

LOCATION:
The Province of Laguna is located directly at the southern end of Rizal province
and is about thirty (30) kilometers south of Metro Manila. It is bounded in the east by
the mighty Sierra Madre Range, Quezon Province in the south, and on the north
western part are the provinces of Batangas and Cavite.

LAND AREA
Laguna has a total area of 175,973 hectares (or 1,759.7 square kms.), the second
smallest province in Region IV-A. Its size is approximately 3.75 percent of the whole Region
IV-A and about 0.58 percent of the total land area of the country. The provincial capital is the
municipality of Santa Cruz.
From the twenty four (24) municipalities and six (6) cities, eighteen (18) Lakeshore
areas namely San Pedro City, Bian City, Santa Rosa City, Cabuyao City, Calamba City, Los
Baos, Bay, Calauan, Victoria, Pila, Sta Cruz, Lumban, Kalayaan, Pangil, Pakil, Paete,
Siniloan and Mabitac. The lakeshore areas has total coastal length of 109.2 kilometers or
about 49.64 percent of the total coastal length of Laguna de Bay.

LAND CLASSIFICATION
About 126,662 or about 72 percent of the 175,973 hectares total land area of Laguna
have been classified and certified either as alienable and disposable and 49,311 hectares, or
38 percent, forest lands. Of the alienable and disposable lands, 86,062 hectares, or 1 percent,
commercial; and 36,691 hectares, or 20.9 percent, residential. Of forest land, 1,379 hectares
(.8 percent), timberland; 5,000 hectares (2.8 percent), timber licenses area; 11,999 (6.8
percent), forest reserves; 3,305 hectares (1.9 percent) national park; 4,600 hectares (2.6
percent), civil reservation; 3,592 hectares (2 percent) UPLB Mt. Makiling Botanical Garden;
17,236 hectares (9.8 percent) TSP Project; and 2,200 hectares (1.3 percent), agro forestry
project.

POLITICAL DISTRICT
Laguna has 24 municipalities and 6 cities and a total of 674 barangays or barrios. The
province is divided into four political districts. The first is the smallest district which comprises
three (3) cities with a total of 105.2 sq. kms. land area, or about 6 percent of the total land
area of the province. District II is composed only of two municipalities and two cities, but with
an aggregate area of 332.8 sq. kms. or 18.9 percent. District III is made up of six
municipalities and one city, with 513.3 sq. kms., or 29.2 percent, and District IV, the biggest,
has 16 municipalities with a total of 808.4 sq. kms., or 45.9 percent. The subdivision follows:
LAGUNA AREA AND NUMBER OF BARANGAYS BY CITY / MUNICIPALITY

City/Municipality
1ST DISTRICT
San Pedro City
Bian City
Santa Rosa City
2ND DISTRICT
Cabuyao City
Calamba City
Los Baos
Bay
3RD DISTRICT
Calauan
Victoria
San Pablo City
Alaminos
Liliw
Rizal
Nagcarlan
4TH DISTRICT
Pila
Santa Cruz
Pagsanjan
Lumban
Kalayaan
Paete
Pakil
Pangil
Siniloan
Famy
Mabitac
Santa Maria
Luisiana
Cavinti
Magdalena
Majayjay

GRAND TOTAL

Land Area
(sq. km.)
105.2
22.6
43.5
39.1
332.8
84.6
144.8
56.5
46.9
513.3
66.4
33.1
214
54.7
39.1
27.9
78.1
808.4
31.2
38.6
26.4
96.8
46.6
32.4
13
23.4
41.4
19.4
73.3
128.4
63.4
70.4
34.4
69.6

Percent
(%)
6.00%
2.60%
1.40%
1.50%
19.00%
0.20%
0.10%
0.30%
0.40%
29.00%
0.40%
0.90%
0.10%
0.50%
0.70%
1.04%
0.40%
46.00%
1.50%
1.20%
1.70%
0.50%
0.90%
1.40%
3.50%
1.90%
1.10%
2.40%
0.60%
0.40%
0.70%
0.70%
1.30%
0.60%

No. of
Barangays
77
17
24
18
82
18
54
13
15
217
17
9
80
15
33
11
52
295
17
26
16
16
3
9
13
8
20
20
15
26
23
19
24
40

Percent
(%)
11.50%
2.50%
3.60%
2.70%
12.20%
2.70%
8.00%
1.90%
2.20%
32.30%
2.50%
1.30%
11.90%
2.20%
4.90%
1.60%
7.70%
44.00%
2.50%
3.90%
2.40%
2.40%
40.00%
1.30%
1.20%
1.20%
3.00%
3.00%
2.20%
3.90%
3.40%
2.80%
3.60%
6.00%

1759.7

100%

674

100%

DISTRICT 1:
1.
2.
3.

San Pedro City

Bian City
Santa Rosa City

DISTRICT 2:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Cabuyao City
Calamba City
Los Baos
Bay

DISTRICT 3:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Calauan
Victoria
San Pablo City
Alaminos
Liliw
Rizal
Nagcarlan

DISTRICT 4:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

Pila
Santa Cruz
Pagsanjan
Lumban
Kalayaan
Paete
Pakil
Pangil
Siniloan
Famy
Mabitac
Santa Maria
Luisiana
Cavinti
Magdalena
Majayjay

SOIL CLASSIFICATION
The soils of Laguna are classified into three general land types, namely: 1) soils fresh
water marshes; 2) soil of the plains; 3) soils of the rolling areas, hills and mountains. Based on
the genetical and morphological characteristics of the profile and texture of the surface of soil,
these land types are further classified into soil series and phases suited to various crops and
other uses. Most soil types are of the rolling areas, hills and mountains estimated at
154,592.9 hectares, or 82.66 percent. They are more commonly suited to trees, citrus and
upland crops. The smallest portions are soils of the fresh water marshes comprising about
4,899 hectares, or 2.62 percent, suited to hydraulic plants. Only about 14.72 percent
(27,525.7 hectares) are soil of plains suited to rice, corn and vegetables, among others

WATER RESOURCES
There are about forty rivers in Laguna with a total area of almost 50 hectares serving
not only the irrigation needs of agriculture, but also as outlets for effective drainage system.
The rivers that run through most of the municipalities are also fishing grounds, especially for
small farmer-families. Among these are the Pagsanjan River, Santa Cruz River, Calamba
River and Bian River, all producing tilapia, dalag, kanduli, shrimps and other fishes for the
populace.
FISHPONDS
Bureau of Agricultural Statistics records show that Laguna has a total of 55.36 hectares
of fresh water fishponds, of which 37.90 hectares, or 68.5 percent, are privately owned and
17.46 hectares or 31.5 percent are government-owned.

WATER BASINS
There are at least seven principal water basins in Laguna with a total of 5,773 sq. kms.
drainage area and 1,316 sq. kms. level area providing an estimated 9,238 million cubic
meters and a total run-off annually.

2. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
POPULATION SIZE AND GROWTH
The actual population of the province for the year 2010 was 2,669,847 with an annual
growth rate of 3.11%. The last actual population, which was taken during the year 2000, was
1,965,872 with an annual growth rate of 3.68%. In just a short span of five years, our
population has increased by 334,790 or by 20.53%. The population is expected to double in
21 years. Laguna ranks second in CALABARZON and 4 th placer nationwide.
Cabuyao is the fastest growing municipality while the lowest rate occurred in Paete.
Calamba City is the most populated area while Famy is the least populated. San Pedro is the
most densely populated area seconded by the City of Bian.
POPULATION DENSITY
Laguna, with a total land area of 1,759.7 sq. km., has a density of 1,081.8 persons per
sq. km. The densest district is the 1 st District with 5,591.51 sq. km. Its land area is just 105.2
sq. km. compared to the 4 th District has 808.4 sq. km. and density of just 532. The town of
San Pedro alone, one of the smallest in terms of land area (22.6 sq. km.), has density of
10,017.4. The least dense town is Sta. Maria; for a land area of 128.4, it has a density of only
187.6.
POPULATION BY MUNICIPALITY
Highly urbanized areas have the biggest population; Calamba City has the biggest with
389,377; San Pedro comes in at second with 294,310 followed by the city of Sta. Rosa with
284,670; Bian is fourth with 283,396 while San Pablo with 248,890 is fifth; lastly, Cabuyao
with 248,436.00.

SEX COMPOSITION
For the year 2010, the females outnumbered the males by a very small margin. Of the
2,669,847 total population, 1,344,577 were female and 1,325,270 were male. This means
that the ratio of male to female is 98.6 males out of 100 females

AGE STRUCTURE
In 2010, half of the population falls under the age of 24.9 years which shows that
Laguna has a young population. 31.1% of the population is under 15 years old, 10.4 % under
5-9 years old and 9.9% under 10-14 years old. Children aged 0-4 years or 10.7 % comprised
the largest age group.
The voting age population (18 years old & above) comprise 63.2 % the household
population in 2010. (Source: 2000 and 2010 Census of Population and Housing (CPH))
HOUSEHOLD SIZE
In 2010, there were 632,707 households with an average of 4.3 persons per
household. The proportion of concrete housing units increased from 53.2 % in 2000 to 71.7%
in 2010.
Of the total households, 64.2% are either owned or amortized. 18% of the households
rented the lots, 15.3% are rent-free but with consent of the owner and 1.7% occupied the lots
and are rent-free but without consent of the owner. (Source: 2000 and 2010 Census of
Population and Housing (CPH))

3. INCOME
Family income includes primary income and receipts from other sources received by all
family members during the calendar year as participants in any economic activity or as
recipients of transfers, pensions, grants and others.
The sources of primary income are salaries and wages, commission, tips, bonuses,
family and clothing allowances, transportation and representation allowances, honoraria, and
other forms of compensation, as well as income from other entrepreneurial activities, such as
net receipts of profits derived from the operation of family enterprise and from the practice of a
profession or trade. Other sources are agro-economic activities such as farming, fishing,
livestock and crop production.
Based on 2009 data from NSO-Quickstat, the Annual Average Family Income is P
249,000; while the Annual Average Family Income Expenditures is P 213,000. Therefore, the
Annual Average Family Savings is P 36.00.
4. LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT
THE WORKING FORCE, SIZE AND GROWTH
The high percentage rate of employed persons in the total labor force indicates that
Laguna has a considerably good skilled labor force. Likewise, the urban area having a bigger
share of employment indicates that commercial and industrial activities demands more labor.
In 2010, the labor force participation rate is expected to remain the same but the
working population increased to 1,756,644. The employment projection implies that the
province must provide employment for an estimated 442,644 new entrants into the labor
force.

Rates of Annual Labor Force Participation, Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment

by Region, Philippines 1st Quarter, 2013 (in percent)

Region
Region IV-A

Annual Estimates
Population 15 Years Old
Labor Force Employment Unemployment Underemployment
and Over (in thousands) Participation Rate
Rate
Rate
Rate
8100
63.9
92.5
7.5
19.2

WORKING HOURS
An employed person works for an average of 8 hours a day or 40 hours a week. Out of
79,660 employed, 63,760 or 80.04% are working 40 hours or more per week.
EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY
Out of 124,040 employed persons, about 30,330 or 24.45% works in Agriculture,
Fishery, or Forestry sector. A total of 27,520 or 22.19% works in a Community, Social or
Personal Services; 20,790 or about 16.76% of the total employed population works in a
Wholesale or Retail Trade Industry; 20,470 or 16.51% belongs to a Manufacturing Industry;
11,360 or 9.16% works in a Transportation, Storage and Communication Industry; 8,520 or
6.87% in Construction; 3,940 or 3.18% in Financing, Insurance, Real Estate and Business
Services Sector; 660 or (0.53%) in an Electricity, Gas and Water Companies; 430 (0.35%) in
Mining and Quarrying industries and 20 or 0.02% in NEC.
EMPLOYMENT BY MAJOR OCCUPATION
Among all the occupational groups, production industry has the largest employed
population of 39,140 or 31.55%. Next is Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Forestry workers,
Fisherman and Hunters with 29,970 or 24.16%; Sales Workers, 20, 300 (16.37%); Service
Workers, 14,570 (11.75%); Professional, Technical and Related Workers, 8,320 (6.71%);
Clerical Workers 7,240 (5.83%); Administrative, Executive and Managerial Workers, 4,220
(3.40%); Occupation not adequately defined, 280 (0.23%).

EMPLOYMENT BY CLASS OF WORKERS

Most people in Laguna are fixed wage and salary earners. For the total employed of
124,040, more than half belongs to this class. 74,220 or 59.84% are wage and salary
workers. At far, second are the own-account workers or those who venture in their own
entrepreneurial activities. This class of workers only account for 33.04% or a little over half of
that of the wage and salary workers.

5. AGRICULTURE
The Census of Agriculture shows that the province has 38, 445 farms by land use.
These farms cover a total area of 62,555 hectares. Of these, 22,213 hectares are arable
lands planted to temporary crops, 494 hectares are idle arable lands, 36,647 hectares are
lands planted to permanent crops , 402 hectares are lands under permanent meadows and

pastures, 302 hectares are lands covered with forest growth while all other lands amounts to
2,124 hectares. (Source: NSO Jan 2014 Laguna Quickstat / 2002 CA Vol I)
Laguna has a land area of 175,973 HA. A portion of this is dedicated to rice planting
with a total area of 20,269 HA while corn production covers 1,315 HA. Irrigated areas cover
19, 822.115 hectares while those that are rainfed cover 447.3 hectares. (Source: DA
Calabarzon Regional Field Unit 4A Planning Office, DA-RFU IV-A 2007 Provincial Profile)
There are three cropping season per year in the province and it is affected by the
months of dry season (November to April) and wet season (May to October). The farmers
quick turn around planting months cover the period of September to October. (Source: DA
Calabarzon Regional Field Unit 4A website http://www.calabarzon.da.gov.ph/)
The certified alienable and disposal land of the province covers an area of 134,720 HA
while Agricultural Lands / Network of Protected Areas for Agricultural and Agro-Industrial
Development covers 97,255 HA or 55.27% of the total land area of the province. (Source: DA
Calabarzon Regional Field Unit 4A / Penro Report 1988, 2002 ENR Information and Stati stics,
SAFDZ Handbook, DA-BSWM 2001)

TOP LIVESTOCK AND AGRICULTURAL CROPS

The top five agricultural crops of Laguna are Palay, Corn, Coconut, Mango and
Banana with production amounting to 123,127, 2,708, 107,216, 514 and 16,350 metric tons,
respectively. On the other hand, the top five livestock is composed of Carabao (37,655),
Cattle (36,836), Chicken (2,423,260), Duck (76,440) and Goat (18,872). (Source: NSO Jan.
2014 Laguna Quickstat/ Bureau of Agricultural Statistics 2010)
Aside from those mentioned, the province also has its production of high value
commercial crops like lanzones, rambutan, pineapple, durian and citrus. As for corn, green
and yellow corn varieties are planted. Rootcrops such as ubi, cassava, sweet potatoes and
ginger are also cultivated. (Source: DA Calabarzon Regional Field Unit 4A website
http://www.calabarzon.da.gov.ph/)

SOIL AND SOIL TYPE

Two general types of soil are found in the province due to its geographical location.
Laguna stands in a region between Southeastern Luzon which is a volcanic active area and
Central Northern Luzon. The soil of the northeast part of the Laguna mainly comes from
igneous rocks while the soil of southwest portion of the province is made up of volcanic tuff
deposited geologically. Lipa loam is the dominant soil series type of the province. (Source: DA
Calabarzon Regional Field Unit 4A website http://www.calabarzon.da.gov.ph/)

FISHERIES
In terms of fisheries production, Laguna was able to produce 48, 220 Metric Tons
amounting to 12% of the total produce of CALABARZON Region (413,213 MT) for CY 2010.
On the other hand, Lagunas municipal fisheries production for the same year amounted to
37, 294 Metric Tons or 29% of the regions total municipal fisheries production (127,190 MT).
Aquaculture fisheries production in the province (CY 2010) reached 10, 926 MT which is 5%
of the total regional produce (200,911 MT). Laguna has a fish sufficiency level of 40%.
(Source: Calabarzon Profile BFAR Region-IVA Website http://region4a.bfar.da.gov.ph/)
The top ten dominant species are tilapia, bangus, shellfish (tulya and suso), carps, hito,
ayungin, hipon, dalag, biya and gurami. (Source: DA Calabarzon Regional Field Unit 4A
website http://www.calabarzon.da.gov.ph/)

6. THE LAGUNA DE BAY

The Laguna de Bay is a 90,000 hectare shallow lake with 220-km shoreline that
borders Metropolitan Manila on the northwest and the provinces of Rizal and Laguna on its
western, central and eastern bays.
The Laguna Lake basin has an approximate area of 380,000 hectares broken down
into 290,000 hectares of land and 90,000 hectares of lake proper. Twenty-one tributaries flow
into it. 27 towns and 117 barangays surround it. The population in the basin area, including
Metro Manila, is about 10 million. Any development in the basin, be it land 0r water-related,
would certainly affect the lake proper through its tributaries. (Source: Regional profile of
Laguna DA Regional Field Unit 4A)
7. FORESTRY
Laguna has a total land area of 175,973 hectares. About 134,720 or 77% of the total
land area is classified as alienable and disposable. Total forest land area covers 41, 253
hectares which is divided into unclassified (2,275 hectares) and classified forest land (38,978
hectares). Of those that were classified, established forest reserves covers 3,637 hectares,
established timberland covers 32,313 hectares, National parks GRBS/WA covers 2,754
hectares and Military / Naval reservation covers 274 hectares.

Land Classification in Laguna: 2011

(In hectare)
Land Classification

Area

Certified Alienable and

Disposable

134,720

Forest Land Total

2,275

Classified

Established Timberland
National Parks GRBS/WA
Military and Naval Reservation

76.56%

41,253

Unclassified

Established Forest Reserve

1.29%

38,978
3,637

2.07%

32,313

18.36%

2,754

1.57%

274

0.15%

Total Land Area

175,973
100
Source: 2011 Philippine Forestry Statistics DENR Forest Management Bureau

8. TOURISM
Located in Laguna are many of the countrys major tourist attractions and resorts
making the province a favorite destination, not only for foreigners, but also for Filipino
excursionists and bagpackers.
The major tourist attractions in Laguna re the following:
Rizal Shrine in Calamba City
National Arts Center, Pook ni Maria Makiling and the hot spring in Los Baos
Underground Cemetery in Nagcarlan
Pagsanjan Falls
Seven Lakes of San Pablo City
Lake Caliraya in Lumban
Villa Escudero in San Pablo City

9. EDUCATION, YOUTH AND SPORTS

Laguna is well equipped in terms of number of educational schools, ensuring its
citizens the right and access to free education. As of school year 2012-2013, there are 324
public elementary schools and 85 public secondary schools which catered to 208,797
elementary students and 102,382 high school students respectively, not to mention the 311
public kindergartens that accommodated 25,123 pre-elementary
students.
With regards to paid education, there are 328 private elementary schools and 191
private secondary schools with registered enrolees of 42,045 elementary students and 37,056
high school students. In addition to these, there are 369 operational private kindergartens
with 25,123 pre-elementary students.
An increasing trend showed in a four-year comparative figure of number of enrolees as
follows:
SY
2011
Elementary
Secondary

Public
Private
Public
Private

2010- SY 2011-2012

201,863
38,745
99,221
35,790

206,228
41,562
100,457
36,833

SY 2012-2013

SY 20132014

208,797
42,045
102,382
37,056

242,294
105,432

Laguna is leading compared to other provinces in Southern Tagalog in terms of overall

literacy. The overall simple literacy of Laguna is 96.22 percent.
In Sports, four consecutive years since 2000, Laguna maintained its title as the
National Open Invitational Athletics Champion over Korea and Thailand. Moreover, Laguna
bagged the championship of the
Southern Tagalog Regional Athletic Association (STRAA)
for six consecutive years over other provinces and cities in the CALABARZON.
One of the programs of the Local Chief Executive of the province is the EskolaR ng
Laguna, which is an adaptation and continuation of the past LCEs scholarship program. The
Local Government spends more that 60 Million each year to give educational assistance to
more than 5,600 tertiary students from all over the province.

The Laguna University was established in 2005 by the Provincial Government. It has a
mission to provide quality education with minimal tuition fees for less privileged but deserving
students and has shown an increasing number of enrolees.
Laguna has 35 institution of higher learning. The most prominent among these is the
University of Philippines in Los Baos (UPLB), best known for its College of Agriculture.
Within the UPLB Campus is the International Rice Research Institute, which serves as rice
research center to the world. On the other hand, The privately run University of Asia and the
Pacific is all set to Open its school of Health Science in Calamba City.
Laguna also has various technical and vocational schools which provide dual learning
which provides hands-on-training at factories in addition to schoolwork.
The Youth, legally defined as those who are 15 30 years old by Republic Act 8044
(Youth in Nation Building Act) are confronted with numerous financial and social crises and
unable to pursue their aspirations of getting good education and acquiring a stable job or
starting their own enterprises. Hence, many young people fall prey to various illegal and
undesirable activities. It should be noted that the average age these undesirable activities
were first experienced ranged from 15 to 18 yrs. old.
Although rehabilitative measures should be strengthened, preventive measures are
more costly. Young people have to be provided with opportunities to be more productive and
to avoid involvement in illegal and socially undesirable activities. Youth comprises nearly half
of the countrys workforce and play an important role in nation building as catalyst of growth
and as backbone of all development efforts.

10. HEALTH, NUTRITION AND SOCIAL WELFARE

As per records of the Provincial Health Office (PHO) in 2012;
a. CRUDE BIRTH RATE there are 0.020 births per 10,000 population in
Laguna.
b. DEATH RATE there are 4.14 deaths per 10,000 population in Laguna.
c. INFANT MORTALITY RATE infant mortality rate is 6.71 per 10,000 live births in
Laguna.
d. MATERNAL DEATH RATE Lagunas maternal death rate is 0.46 per 10,000 live
births.

LEADING CAUSES OF MORBIDITY

Communicable or infectious diseases are consistently leading from among the causes
of morbidity in the province. In 2012, Respiratory diseases such as acute upper and lower
respiratory infections are the top two leading causes of illnesses.
Essential Hypertension, a non-communicable or lifestyle related disease ranks fifth.
The community became very much aware about it and conscious about the symptoms urging
them to seek early consultations. The local government units have been continuously
providing logistics to address this problem.
Table 1.A: Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity (all ages)
Province of Laguna, 2012
CAUSES

NO.

1.Acute upper respiratory infection,

(unspecified)
2.Unspecified acute lower respiratory infection

40,886

RATE/100,000
POP.
1,434

28,125

987

3.Urinary tract infection,

(site not specified)
4.Acute tonsillitis
5.Essential (primary) hypertension

11,620

408

11,421
9,143

400
321

6.Certain early complications of trauma, not

8,134
elsewhere classified
7.Asthma, unspecified
6,401
8.Fever of unknown origin
5,804
9.Injury of unspecified body region
5,380
10.Pulmonary Tuberculosis
5,011
Source: 2012 FHSIS report, PHO Laguna (TP= 2,850,457)

285
225
204
189
176

LEADING CAUSES OF MORTALITY

Majority of the leading causes of deaths in the province include non-communicable or
lifestyle related diseases. Eighty percent (80 %) of the leading causes of deaths in 2012 are
non-communicable and 20% are infectious. Pneumonia is the top leading cause of deaths in
2012. Its mortality rate which is 38 cases for every 100,000 population is high compared to
the national target of 33 per 100,000 population.

Table 2.A: Ten Leading Causes of Mortality (all ages)

CAUSES
1.
2.
3.
4.

NO.

Pneumonia
Cerebrovascular Accident
Acute Myocardial Infarction
Neoplasm

5. Pulmonary Tuberculosis (all forms)

6.
7.
8.
9.

Essential Primary Hypertension

Diabetes Mellitus
Renal Failure
Hypertensive Cardio Vascular Disease
(HCVD)
10. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,
unspecified (COPD)
Source: 2012 FHSIS report, PHO Laguna

1102

RATE/100,000 POP.
38.66

1060
941
907

37.19
33.00
31.82

624
568
510
362

21.89
19.93
17.89
12.70

334

11.72

227

7.96

LEADING CAUSES OF INFANT MORTALITY

LEADING CAUSES OF INFANT MORTALITY
2012
Causes
1.Pneumonia,unspecified
2.Fetal death of unspecified cause
3.Prematurity
4.Bacterial sepsis of newborn unspecified
5.Fetus & newborn affected by abnormal
uterine contraction
6.Respiratory distress syndrome of
newborn
7.Septicemia
8.Pneumonitis due to aspiration of blood
9.Intrauterine hypoxia, unspecified
10.Congenital Malformation
Source: PHO FHSIS, 2012

Number
75
48
46
38
36

Rate/1000 LB
1.28
0.82
0.78
0.65
0.61

25

0.43

24
20
12
11

0.41
0.34
0.20
0.19

LEADING CAUSES OF MATERNAL MORTALITY

The maternal mortality ratio in the province showed an increased in 2009 recorded at
6.35 per 10,000 live births, which is higher than national target. This was decreased in the
next two years to 4.65, however a slight increase was noted in 2012, but this is still within the
national target of 5.0 per 10,000 live births. Contributory factors include low accomplishments
in programs and services for maternal care such as prenatal cases given at least four visits,
provision of iron supplementations for both prenatal and post natal cases, low facility based

deliveries and others. There is a great challenge for all health workers to improve strategies in
order to improve maternal health and to achieve the development goal which is reduction of
maternal mortality ratio.
Causes of Maternal deaths (29 cases) include the following: Post partum Hemorrhage
with 9 cases; Pre-eclampsia 4 cases; Eclampsia 5 cases; Uterine Atony 3; Abruptio Placenta
2; Puerperal Sepsis 2; Ruptured Uterus - 1; Hypovolemic Shock secondary to Bleeding-1;
Placenta Previa - 2 cases.
NUTRITION
Weighing is one of the ways to measure growth as a result of proper nutrition among
children. For the purpose of program planning and implementation, local nutrition
committees conduct Operation Timbang during the first quarter of the year. This is
annual weighing of 0-71 months old children by the Barangay Nutrition Scholars (BNS),
volunteer health workers and others concerned citizens of the community.
Results of the OPT of the Province of Laguna showed a positive trend in 2012.
There is a decrease in under nutrition and minimally among children with above normal
weights. Consequently, the percentage of children with normal weight increased in the
one year period.

OPT Coverage and Nutritional Status of Pre-school Children

Province of Laguna
2012
Total Pop.

Elig Pop. Actual

(TPX16.2%) Weighed

Municipalities

1,268,063

205,426 135,359 65.89

7,652

5.65

Cities

1,581,393

256,186 181,116 71%

4,876

Total

2,850,457

461,774 316,475 68.53 11,990

Municipality/ City

% OPT BNVL/ BNL

Coverage
No.

Above
Normal No.

126,153 93.2

1554

1.15

2.6

174657

96%

1582

0.008

3.79

300,810 95.05

3136

0.99

Normal No.

With the objective of integrating disaster risk management into health services, the PHO
is concerned with preventive measures against epidemic diseasesproviding vaccines for
immunization in line with the TB and Malaria Programs of the DOH.Other vaccines
administered by the Provincial Government of Laguna are DPT1, DPT3 and Measles.
The program of the Provincial Health Office entitled Garantisadong Pambata on
Vitamin A Supplementation report for 2012 showed that of a total of 346,331 eligible targets,

84.3% in April and 91% in October were accomplished. On the Deworming Coverage and
with an eligible target of 384,811 showed an accomplishment of 71% in Apri l and 79% in
October.
SOCIAL WELFARE
Crisis Center for Women and Children provides safety and protection for women and
children who are victim of exploitation, abuse and violence.
Crisis Center is a residential facility that provide an alternative forms of family in
providing 24 hours group living on a temporary basis to women and children whose needs
cannot be adequately met by their own families over a period of time.
The target clientele are women ages 18-59 years old and children whose ages range
from 3-7 for boys and girls whose ages are from 3-18 below who suffer from different abuses
such as:
1. Victims of involuntary of forced prostitution
2. Victim of illegal recruitment
3. Battered or abused
4. Victims of sexual abuse
5. Victims of armed conflict
6. Women detention

SULONG TULONG ARUGA REHABILITASYON (STAR ROOM)

Center for Women and Children in Crisis of the Laguna Provincial Hospital is a place
designed to respond to the medical needs and problems of abused women and children.
STAR Room objectives are as follows : 1) To provide immediate medical care for victim
of abuses especially women and children our staff consist of an OB-Gyne
specialist, a
nurse and a resident psychologist; 2) To create and
sustain a women child sensitive,
friendly and caring
environment within the setting of the hospital all staff have
undergone gender sensitivity training
seminar; 3) To collaborate and coordinate networking
linkages with government organizations (NGOs) for the
continuous care, support and
rehabilitation for the victim.
TAHANAN NG KABATAAN (Laguna Drug Rehabilitation Center) that provides
temporary care and residential rehabilitation facility to regular drug user below (35) years of
age, married or unmarried, residents of Laguna and with monthly income within poverty

threshold. It provides 24 hours rehabilitation services provided by an interdisciplinary staff.

The center has a maximum capacity of seventy five (75) residents at a given time.
The Tahanan ng Kabataan ng Laguna is funded by the Provincial Government and
has permit to operate approved by the Dangerous Drugs Board by virtue of Permit No. 233. T.
93 dated May 6, 1993.
The target clientele of the Tahanan ng Kabataan are severe drug dependents, aged
thirty five and below, male, unmarried or unmarried and are residents of the province.

11. UTILITY/INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES

WATER AND SANITATION
Based on 2012 annual survey of Provincial Hospital Office (PHO), about
94 % or
495,398 of households have improved and safe water supply. Households with access to
sanitary toilets have risen to 91% or 482,220 while 388,350 households of 74% have
complete sanitations facilities.

Households with Access to Safe Water, with Sanitary Toilet, & Complete Basic Sanitation Facilities
Province of Laguna, 2012
HH w/ a cces s to
Improve s a fe H2O
s uppl y
MUNICIPALITIES/CITIES

HH w/a cces s to
Sa ni ta ry Toi l et

HH w/ s a ti s fa ctory
di s pos a l of s ol i d
wa s te

HH w/ compl ete Ba s i c
Sa ni ta ti on fa ci l i ti es

HHs

NO.

NO.

NO.

NO.

Cities Total

290,605

279,038

96%

276,776

95%

216,795

75%

214,681

71%

Mun. Total

236,160

216,360

92%

205,444

87%

178,437

76%

173,669

74%

Total

526,765

495,398

94%

482,220

91%

395,232

75%

388,350

74%

The Ayala-led water distributor AAA Water Corporation (AWC) holds 70% of Laguna
Water Corporation (LAWC), a joint venture between AWC and the
Provincial Government
of Laguna. Provided is the development, design, construction, operation, maintenance and
financing of the water facilities that serves the needs of the cities of Sta. Rosa, Bian and
Cabuyao.
The Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA) supplies water to the rest of the
province. Some municipalities survive thru their own water systems. However, there still are
residences in rural areas which operate using the Level 1 water system, particularly shallow
wells, springs and deepwells. Some of the industrial estates have their own water system and
waste water treatment facilities.

POWER
The National Power Corporation (NPC), through the Manila Electric Company
(MERALCO) and First Laguna Electric Cooperative (FLECO), provides electricity to the whole
province. The First Laguna Electric Cooperative provides power to eleven (11) municipalities
composed of 159 barangays. The rest is supplied by Meralco.
The main source of energy is imported fuel oil, hydro-power, geothermal power, and
locally produced oil. Power projects are being undertaken to ensure sufficient power supply
for the province and the rest of CALABARZON. Efforts are also being undertaken to develop
indigenous sources of energy.
The power-generating plants are currently in operation in Laguna. The Botocan HydroElectric Plant with 17 MW generation capacity, the Caliraya
Hydro-Electric Plant with 32
MW generating capacity provide power to the province and other areas.
Some industrial estates have self-generating capacities. Just recently, Meralco
completed three (3) projects designed to improve their distribution system and support the
development in the ecozones in Laguna. Two of these projects are in Calamba while the other
one is in Sta. Rosa.
ROADS/DRAINAGE/FLOOD CONTROL
The province of Laguna has a total of 251.04 kilometers of provincial road. There are
also 76 provincial combining for a length of 101.55 meters. In additional to these, there are
also national roads and bridges to augment these provincial roads and bridges. National
roads measures to a total of 527.67 kilometers while the bridges total to 1522.7 meters.
The longest road network stretches in the capital town of Santa Cruz, which has total of
29.22 kilometers of road. The shortest on the other hand can be found in the small town of
Pakil, which has only 0.07 kilometers.
Laguna flooding areas are mostly located along lakeshores of Laguna de Bay due to
the rising water level during heavy rains. It is also a product of deforestation,
siltation/sedimentation and poor maintenance of drainage system.

Laguna has a proper drainage system especially in the first to fourth districts with the
initiative of the local chief executive. All municipalities along the lakeshores have mitigating
measures and a provision for the flooding control system.
The Provincial Government of Laguna has a line-up of projects especially in floodprone areas in the first and second districts. Included in the Annual Investment Plan are
Construction of Drainage Systems and Open Canals and Rehabilitation of the same,
particularly in San Pedro, Bian and Cabuyao.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Alongside with the development of any province is the alarming issue on solid wastes
that requires proactive solutions. In Laguna, out of twenty seven (27) municipalities and three
(3) cities, sixteen (16) municipalities operate open dumpsites of which seven (7) has
Authority to Close (ATC) issued by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR) while one (1) has a Notice to Proceed (NTP) as controlled dumpsite. Most of these
dumpsites were located in the second to fourth district of Laguna.
Private entities also provide waste disposal services. There are two sanitary landfills
and one controlled dumpsite operated by private individuals.
The Provincial Government of Laguna through Provincial Government Environment
and Natural Resources Office (PG-ENRO), initiates and develops plans, programs and
projects to address the alarming solid wastes management issue.
Initially, it assists the
crafting of resolutions pertaining to solid wastes management which are ratified into
ordinances by the Sangguniang Panlalalwigan. Currently, it
facilitates formulation of
Environmental Code which is now partially prepared by the third party consultant.