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Diabetes Mellitus Case Study
Diabetes Mellitus Case Study
Diagnostic procedure
1. Fasting blood glucose- ensure that the client has fasted for the 8 hour prior
to the blood draw
2. Oral glucose tolerance test
3. Glycosylated hemoglobin
4. Pre-meal glucose
Organs function
a. Hypothalamus - Controls the release of pituitary hormones
− CRH (corticotropin-
releasing hormone
− TRH ( Thyrotropin-
releasing hormone)
− GHRH ( growth
hormone-releasing
hormone)
− GnRH ( gonadotropin-
releasing hormone )
b. Pituitary glands
- Stiimulates growth of bone and muscle, promotes
− Growth hormone (GH) protein synthesis and fat metabolism, decreases
carbohydrate metabolism
- Stimulates synthesis and secretion of of adrenal
− Adrenocorticotropic cortical hormones
(ACTH) - Stimullates synthesis and secretion of thyroid
hormone
− Thyroid stimulating
hormone ( TSH ) - female: stimulates growth of ovarian follicle,
− Follicle-stimulating ovulation
hormone ( FSH ) male; Stimulates sperm production
− Lutienizing hormone - female: stimulates development of corpus luteum,
(LH) release of oocyte production of estrogen and
progesterone
male: Stimulates secretion of testosterone,
developmeeent of interstitial tissue of testes
c. Pancreas
− Alpha cells - produces glucagon
− beta cells - produces innsulin
d. Liver - Carbohydrates, protein, and fats metabolism
e. Gatrointestinal tract - breaksdown and absorb nutrients
Pathophysiology
Laboratory Results
Hematology
Components Results Normal Values Interpretation
WBC 13.7 5-10 Above normal, +
iinfection
Hemoglobin 94 120—170g/L below normal,
hematocrit 0.287 0.38-0.48 anemia
below normal,
anemia
Differential count:
lymphocytes 0.15 2-35% Below normal,
neutrophils 0.78 0.45-0.73 anemia
above normal,
monocytes 0.01 0.02-0.08 acute infection
below normal,
eosinophils 0.06 0.00-0.04 infections
above normal,
Mean corpuscular 32.7 33-35 infections
hemoglobin below normal,
concentration anemia
results Normal values interpretation
Albumin 18.2 34-50 Below normal
BUN 2.1 2.5-8.1 below normal
Potassium 2.4 2.6-5.2 below normal, vit d
deficiency
Urinalysis
results Noormal values interpretation
Macroscopic
color Light yellow Straw dark yellow
transparency turbid clear
specific gravity 1.015 1.016-1.022 Below normal
chemical test:
RBC 15.38/HPF 0-2/HPF
WBC many 0-2/HPF + infection
bacteria numerous negative + infection