TOPIC: Analysis of Minimum and Maximum Temperature in Umudike, Abia State.

TECHNIQUE: Simple Statistical Analysis to Check the Effect of the Years and Months
on the Observed Temperature.
Objectives:
Check the effect of the years on the observed temperature
Check the effect of the months on the observed temperature
Check the effect of the years and months on the observed temperature (2-way
ANOVA)

2
SSTotal oijk
CF
i 1 j 1 k 1

o
i 1 j 1 k 1

CF

2
ijk

693390

(12856) 2
480

SSTotal 693390 344327

SSTotal 349063

CF

T...2
myr
Ti..2
CF
i 1 yr
m

SS m

1
SS m

40

1071
i 1

11392 ... 10812 1062 2 344327

SS m 344829 344327
SSm 502
y

SS y
j 1

SS y

T. 2j .
mr

24

CF

648
i 1

6462 ... 6562 650 2 344327

SS y 344652.7 344327
SS y 325
m

SS my
i 1 j 1

SSmy

Tij2.

CF SS m SS y

53

i 1

572 ... 542 52 2 344327 502 325

SSmy 346695 344327 502 325

SS my 1541
SS Err SSTotal SS my SSm SS y
m

SS Err oijk2
i 1 j 1 k 1

i 1 j 1

Tij2.
r

SS Err 349063 1541 502 325

SS Err 346695

Source of
Variation

Degree of
Freedom

Sum of
Squares

Mean Square

Year (y)
Month
(m)
Interactio
n (my)

(y-1)

SSy

MSy= SSy / (y-1)

(m-1)

SSm

MSm= SSm / (m-1)

(y-1)(m-1)

SSym

MSm= SSym / (y-1)(m-1)

Error

ym(r-1)

SSErr

MSErr= SSErr / ym(r-1)

Total

ymr-1

SSTotal

Source of
Variation
Year (y)
Month
(m)
Interactio
n (my)
Error
Total

Degree of
Freedom
19

Sum of
Squares
325

11

502

45.6364

209

1541

7.3732

240
479

346695
349063

1444.5625

F-Ratio
Fy= MSy / MSErr
Fm= MSm / MSErr
Fym= MSym /
MSErr

Mean Square

F-Ratio

17.1053

0.0118

( y 1)
19
Fym
( r 1) F240 1.57

( m 1)
11
Fym
( r 1) F240 1.79

( y 1)( m 1)
209
Fym
F240
1.00
( r 1)

None significantly affects the temperature at 5% level.

0.0316
0.0051

Year

S/N

Max._Tem
p (yi)

Min._Tem
p (xi)

yi xi

xi2

1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

31.4
31
30.8
31.2
30.5
31.2
31.3
30.8
30.3
30.9
31.3
31.8
31.1
32
31.8
31.3
31.7
31.9
32.1
31.4

22.6
22.8
21.7
22.7
22.6
22
22.3
22.3
22.5
22.2
22.5
23.3
22.7
23.3
23
22.7
22.8
22.4
22.5
22.8

Total

625.8

451.7

709.64
706.8
668.36
708.24
689.3
686.4
697.99
686.84
681.75
685.98
704.25
740.94
705.97
745.6
731.4
710.51
722.76
714.56
722.25
715.92
14135
.46

510.76
519.84
470.89
515.29
510.76
484
497.29
497.29
506.25
492.84
506.25
542.89
515.29
542.89
529
515.29
519.84
501.76
506.25
519.84
10204
.51

XY
i 1

i 1

X
i 1

2
i

i 1

i 1

i i

X Y

S xy
S xx

0 Y 1 X
S xy 14135.46

(625.8* 451.7)
20

S xy 14135.46 14133.69
S xy 1.77

S xx 10204.51

451.7

20

S xx 10204.51 10201.64
S xx 2.87

1.77
2.87

1 0.6167

625.8
451.7
0.6167

20
20

 0 31.29 0.6167(22.59)
0 31.29 13.93

0 17.36
Yi 0 1 X i
Yi 17.36 0.6167 X i

Predicted
Max._Temp
(pyi)

Error
(Err) = (yi
- pyi)

(Err)2

510.76

31.297

0.103

0.011

706.8
668.36

519.84
470.89

31.421
30.742

-0.421
0.058

0.177
0.003

22.7
22.6

708.24
689.3

515.29
510.76

31.359
31.297

-0.159
-0.797

0.025
0.636

31.2
31.3

22
22.3

686.4
697.99

484
497.29

30.927
31.112

0.273
0.188

0.074
0.035

8
9

30.8
30.3

22.3
22.5

686.84
681.75

497.29
506.25

31.112
31.236

-0.312
-0.936

0.098
0.876

10

30.9

22.2

685.98

492.84

31.051

-0.151

0.023

Year

S/N

Max._Temp
(yi)

Min._Temp
(xi)

yi xi

xi

1987

31.4

22.6

709.64

1988
1989

2
3

31
30.8

22.8
21.7

1990
1991

4
5

31.2
30.5

1992
1993

6
7

1994
1995
1996

1997

11

31.3

22.5

704.25

506.25

31.236

0.064

0.004

1998
1999

12
13

31.8
31.1

23.3
22.7

740.94
705.97

542.89
515.29

31.729
31.359

0.071
-0.259

0.005
0.067

2000
2001

14
15

32
31.8

23.3
23

745.6
731.4

542.89
529

31.729
31.544

0.271
0.256

0.073
0.065

2002
2003

16
17

31.3
31.7

22.7
22.8

710.51
722.76

515.29
519.84

31.359
31.421

-0.059
0.279

0.003
0.078

2004
2005

18
19

31.9
32.1

22.4
22.5

714.56
722.25

501.76
506.25

31.174
31.236

0.726
0.864

0.527
0.747

2006

20

31.4

22.8

715.92

519.84

31.421

-0.021

0.000

Total

625.8

451.7

14135.46

10204.51

SS Err
n2

3.528
20 2

2 0.196
n

Var ( 0 )

2 X i2
i 1

nS xx

Var ( 0 )

0.196*10204.51
20* 2.87

Var ( 0 )

2000.08
57.4

Var ( 0 ) 34.84

3.528

2
Var ( 1 )
S xx
0.196
Var ( 1 )
2.87
Var ( 1 ) 0.0683