Chng 14

Trang b in trong cng trnh

Mc tiu
Cc quy dnh trong chong ny nhm bo m trang b in trong cng trnh ph hp vi chc nng ca
cng trnh v c thit k, lp t ng k thut, vn hnh an ton, lin tc trong sut thi gian s dng.
iu 14.1 Phm vi p dng
1) Chng ny c p dng cho thit k, lp t trang b in, bao gm ng dy dn v thit b in vi
in p khng vt qu 1000 V, bn trong cc cng trnh dn dng v cng nghip (di y gi chung
l cng trnh), c xy dng mi cng nh ci to, m rng.
2) Vic lp t cc thit b in c bit nh : thit b th nghim, thit b khm, cha bnh, thit b bo
chy, chng trm, cc m hnh trong bo tng, trin lIm, cc bng qung co bng in, phi tun theo
nhng yu cu ring cho tng trng hp.
Ghi ch:
Phn gii thch mt s t ng v k thut in c trnh by ph lc 14.1.
iu 14.2. Yu cu i vi trang b in trong cng trnh
Vic thit k, lp t h thng in trong nh phi:
1) Bo m an ton cho con ngi v ti sn, cng trnh, bao gm:
a) Bo m an ton cho con bao gmi, khng b nguy him do:
i) tip xc vi nhng b phn mng in ca thit b dng in trong vn hnh bnh ng v
ngn nga khng cho cc b phn kim loi bnh thng khng mang in ca thit b dng in,
hoc cc b phn ca cng trnh b va chm v khi s c.
ii) chm phi b phn c nhit tng qu mc gy ra bi thit b in hot ng khng bnh
thng hoc do cc dng in vt qu mc tnh ton quy nh.
iii) lc ng in trong cc thit b in do dng in vt qu mc tnh ton gy ra.
b) Bo m trang b in lm vic an ton trong mi trng I nh, khng sinh ra tia la in trong
mi trng c nguy c chy, n.
c) Bo v cc b phn ca cng trnh khi nguy c chy, suy gim cc c tnh k thut do nhit
b tng bi truyn nhit hoc h quang in.
2) S dng thun tin, an ton
Trong nh d kin c ngi tn tt s dng, cc hIm n v cm in phi t ch d lui ti v s dng
thun tin cho h.
3) Bo m mng in lm vic n nh, lin tc trong thi gian ph hp vi chc nng v quy m ca
cng trnh, ngoi tr cc nguyn nhn do h thng in a phng gy ra.
4) Bo m kh nng tch ri v in vi h thng cung cp in.
a) Ti u vo, phi c thit b ct in chung bo v cho h thng in bn ngoi khi c s c.
b) Cc thit b bo v phi c chn sao cho chng tc ng theo phn cp c chn lc.
iu 14.3. Gii php c chp thun l t yu cu
Trang b in trong cng trnh c thit k, lp t ph hp vi cc tiu chun Vit Nam di y s c
chp thun l t yu cu nu trong iu 14.2.
* 20 TCN 25 - 91: t ng dn in trong nh v cng trnh cng cng -Tiu chun thit k.
* 20 TCN 27 - 91: t thit b in trong nh v cng trnh cng cng Tiu chun thit k.
* 11 TCN 18 - 84: Quy phm trang b in ti 11 TCN 21 - 84
* TCVN 4756 - 89: Quy phm ni t v ni khng cc thit b in
Ghi ch:
Mt s iu quan trng trong cc tiu chun nu trn c trch dn trong cc iu t 14.4 ti 14.14
di y.
iu 14.4. Trm bin p

14. 4.1. V tr trm bin p (TBA)

1) i vi nh , bnh vin, trng hc:
Cm t TBA trong hoc k st cc phng , phng bnh nhn, phng hc v cc phng lm vic.
2) i vi cng trnh cng nghip v cc cng trnh cng cng khc:
c t TBA trong nh hoc k st nh nhng phi m bo mc n cho php v TBA phi c
tng ngn chy vi phng k st v c li ra thng trc tip vi khng gian trng bn ngoi.
3) Trm bin p nn t tng trt v phi c li thng trc tip ra ng ph theo yu cu phng
14.4.2. B tr trm bin p
1) Ni t thit b phn phi in p n 1000 V m ngi qun l ca h tiu th ti c khng c
php thng vi ni t thit b phn phi cao p v my bin p.
2) Sn t my bin p phi c cao trn mc ngp lt cao nht ca khu vc.
3) Khng c b tr gian my bin p v thit b phn phi ti:
a) Di nhng ni m t nh: phng tm, phng v sinh, khu vc sn xut m t. Khi tht cn thit
th phi c bin php chng thm.
b) Ngay bn di v trn cc phng tp trung trn 50 ngi trong thi gian qu 1 gi. Yu cu ny
khng p dng cho gian my bin p kh hoc my bin p lm mt bng cht khng chy.
4) B tr v lp t TBA cn tun theo cc quy nh trong tiu chun 11 TCN - 21 - 84 Quy phm trang
b in.
iu 14.5. Thit b u vo - bng, t, phn phi in - thit b bo v
14.5.1. Yu cu t thit b u vo (V)
1) u vo cng trnh phi t thit b u vo (V).
2) Trc khi vo nh cm t t u cp ring phn chia li in bn trong v bn ngoi. Vic
phn chia ny phi thc hin t phn phi in chnh (TC) hoc bng in chnh (BC).
14.5.2. B tr thit b u vo, cc bng, t phn phi in chnh v cc bng, t in nhm (V, BC,
TC, TN)
1) V tr t thit b
a) Phi t thit b ch d lui ti v d thao tc kim tra, ng ct in, sa cha (v d gian cu
thang, tng hm kh ro...). Vi nh khng c gian cu thang, cho php t V trn pha tng ngoi
nh nhng phi c bin php bo v thch ng v khng nh hng n kt cu v m quan ca nh.
b) Cho php t V, BC, TN trong cc phng khc, cc tng hm kh ro, hoc trong tng k
thut khi ngi qun l ti c d dng; hoc trong phng ring ca cng trnh c tng khng chy
vi thi hn chu la khng nh hn 45 pht.
c) Cm t bng (hp, t) in phng c ho cht hoc nhng ni thng xuyn m t nh: di
hoc trong phng x tm, nh bp, ch ra chn tay, phng git.
2) B tr thit b
a) Phi t cc thit b V, BC, TN phng t bng (t) in hoc t trong cc t c kho.
b) nhng ni d b ngp nc V v BC, TN phi c t cao hn mc ngp nc ngp cao
nht c th xy ra.
c) Phng t bng (t) in:
i) phi c ca m ra pha ngoi v c kho, c thng gi t nhin v chiu sng bng in.
ii) khng c:
- t cc ng kh t, ng dn cht chy i qua phng t bng (t, hp) in.
- b tr trong phng t bng (t, hp) in cc np y, van, mt bch, ca thm d, vi, ca cc
ng ng, hp k thut (dn nc, thng gi, hi nng...) i qua phng, tr trng hp bn
thn phng cn ti.
14.5.3. Bo v ngn mch
1) Mng in phi c bo v khi ngn mch vi thi gian ct ngn nht v ct c chn lc.
2) Cc thit b bo v phi m bo ct c chn lc on c s c ca mng in.
3) Dng in danh nh ca thit b bo v
Dng in danh nh ca dy chy cu ch v dng in t ca p t mt dng bo v cc on ring r

ca mng in phi:
a) ly theo dng in tnh ton ca cc mng in ny ng thi phi m bo thit b bo v khng
ct khi c qu ti ngn hn (dng in khi ng, ph ti nh trong cng ngh, dng in t khi
b) trng hp mng in ch cn c bo v ngn mch, khng yu cu bo v qu ti, cc thit b
bo v phi c bi s dng in bo v so vi dng in lin tc cho php ca dy dn c bo v
nh sau:
i) Khng qu 3 ln i vi dy chy ca cu ch.
ii) Khng qu 1,5 ln i vi dng in ct ca b phn nh ca p t mt c iu chnh t l
nghch vi dng in c tnh.
iii) Khng qu 4,5 ln i vi dng in ct ca p t mt c b phn nh cc i tc ng tc
thi (ct nhanh).
14.5.4. Bo v qu ti
1) Phi bo v qu ti i vi cc loi mng in trong nh di y:
a) Dng dy dn cch in c v d chy, t h.
b) Dng dy dn c bo v hoc dy dn i trong ng ng, trong cc kt cu xy dng khng
chy...trong nhng trng hp sau:
i) Mng in chiu sng nh , nh cng cng, ca hng, nh phc v sinh hot ca cc x
nghip cng nghip; mng in ca dng in xch tay hoc di chuyn c (bn l, bp
in, t lnh, my khu in,...) cng nh trong cc gian sn xut d chy.
ii) Mng in ng lc trong x nghip cng nghip, nh , nh cng cng, ca hng khi qu
trnh cng nghip hay ch vn hnh ca mng in c th gy qa ti lu di dy dn v
iii) Cc loi mng in cc nh c cha cht d n
2) bo v qu ti mng in cn phi theo cc iu kin sau y:
a) Dy chy ca cu ch hoc b ngt ca p t mt phi ly theo dng in tnh ton c tnh n
dng in ph ti nh, khng ct in khi qa ti ngn hn (nh dng in khi ng, ph ti
nh cng ngh, dng in t ng khi ng), theo quy nh ti bng 14.5.1.
Bng 14.5.1. bo v qu ti cho mng in

b) Dng in lin tc cho php ca dy dn [I]

Tr s dng in lin tc cho php ca cc loi dy dn c quy nh ph lc 14.2.
3) ng dy nhnh ti ng c lng sc t ring r c bo v ngn mch bng cu ch hoc p t mt;
bo v qu ti bng khi ng t hoc p t mt c b phn ngt nhit.
a) Vi cu ch ( m bo khng ct mch khi qa ti):
Idc Ik / k
k = 1,6 i vi cc ng c c iu kin khi ng nng
k = 2,5 i vi cc ng c c iu kin khi ng nh.
b) Vi p t mt:
Ic 1,25 Ik
trong :
Idc dng in danh nh ca dy chy (ampe)
Ic dng in ct ca p t mt (ampe)
Ik - dng in khi ng ca ng c lng sc (ampe), theo catal ca ng c.
4) i vi ng dy cung cp in cho cc bng n si nung cng sut ln (500 ~ 2000 W) v cc n
phng in trong cht kh (125 ~ 1000 W) khi chn p t mt bo v cho ng dy phi k ti dng in

khi ng.
a) Vi p t mt ch c b ngt t:
Ic 1,25 Ik
b) Vi p t mt ch c b ngt nhit hoc b ngt hn hp t nhit, khng iu chnh:
Id 1,5Ilv
trong :
Ic v Ik - nh trn
Id - dng in danh nh (ampe)
Ilv dng in lm vic ca ng dy (ampe)
Bi s dng in khi ng ca bng n nung sng cng sut ln l 7 ~ 12, ca bng n phng
in cao p l 2 ~ 3.
iu 14.6. B tr mng in trong nh
14.6.1. Mng in nhm chiu sng trong nh
1) Dng in danh nh ca thit b bo v (cu ch hoc p t mt) phi:
a) khng c ln hn 25A; hoc
b) cho php khng qa 63A i vi ng dy nhm cp in cho cc n phng in c cng sut
mi bng t 1225W tr ln, cc bng n si nung c cng sut mi bng t 500W tr ln.
2) S lng n mc vo mi pha ca ng dy nhm chiu sng trong nh phi:
a) Khng qu 20 bng k c cc cm in, i vi n si nung, n hunh quang, n thu ngn
cao p, n natri.
b) Cho php ti 50 bng n i vi ng dy nhm cp in cho cc n kiu mng ht, trn sng,
mng sng, n lp bng hunh quang,
c) Khng hn ch i vi ng dy cp in cho n chm,
d) Cho php n 60 bng si nung, mi bng c cng sut 60W u vo mi pha cc ng dy
nhm chiu sng cu thang, hnh lang, chiu ngh, snh, tng k thut, tng p mi,
e) Vi bng n c cng sut 10 KW v ln hn, cho php u vo mi pha khng qu mt n.
14.6.2. Phng thc t ng dy
1) ng dy cp in trc ng cho cn h phi t dc theo gian cu thang hoc trong hp k
thut, khng c i qua cc phng.
Cho php t chung ng dy cp in cho cn h vi ng dy chiu sng cho cu thang, hnh
lang chung ca nh trong rInh chung trong ng hp lun dy bng vt liu kh chy.
2) T bng in tng dn ti bng in cn h phi t trong cc rInh ring hoc trong ng (hp) lun
dy ring.
iu 14.7. Quy nh chung v t ng dy dn in
14.7.1. H thng ng dy dn in
H thng ng dy dn in phi m bo:
a) c lp v c, in vi cc h thng khc;
b) D thay th, sa cha
c) Ch ni hoc r nhnh dy dn, cp in phi m bo tiu chun dn in nh mt dy dn,
cp in lin tc v khng c chu lc tc ng bn ngoi.
14.7.2. t ng dy
1) Cho php t chung dy cp in (tr trng hp d phng) trong ng thp hoc cc loi ng khc c
bn c hc, trong cc hp, mng v mng kn, trong cc kt cu xy dng nh khi:
a) Tt c cc mch l cho cng mt t dng in.
b) Cc mch ng lc v mch kim tra ca mt s bng in, t in, bng v bn iu khin c
lin quan v cng ngh.
c) Mch cp in cho n phc tp
d) Mch ca mt s nhm thuc cng mt dng chiu sng (chiu sng lm vic v chiu sng s c)
vi s dy dn khng qu 8.
2) Cc mch in d phng cng nh cc mch in chiu sng lm vic v chiu sng s c, khng c

t chung trong mt ng, mt hp hay mt mng.

3) Khi t hai hay nhiu dy dn trong mt ng, ng knh trong ca ng khng c nh hn 11mm.
4) Dy dn in xoay chiu 1 pha nu ti dng in danh nh ln hn 25A khng c t trong ng thp
v trong ng cch in c v bc bng thp.
5) Vic ni v r nhnh ca dy dn trong hp kn (khng m ra c), trong ng, trong ng mm kim loi
t h hoc kn phi thc hin trong hp ni v hp ni r nhnh. Bn trong hp c np tho ri v trong
mng cho php ni v r nhnh dy dn bng kp c bit c v cch in m bo cch in lin tc.
14.7.3. vt liu ca ng dn in
1) Rut ng dy dn
Phi dng dy dn v cp in c rut ng nhng ni sau:
a) Nguy him chy, n, vng bin hoc nhng ni c mi trng hot tnh ha hc,
b) cc b phn chuyn ng hoc cc my mc rung ng.
c) cc thit b dng c in cm tay hay di ng
d) cng trnh quan trng, cc h cn tin cy cung cp in loi 1.
2) V ng dy dn
a) Cho php t cp in c v cao su, v ch, nhm, cht do cc phng m t, phng c nguy
him v chy v phng c nhit khng qu 40oC.
b) nhng ni c nhit t 40oC tr ln phi dng dy dn, cp in m lp cch in v v bc
chu c nhit cao hoc phi gim bt ph ti ca dy dn v cp in (theo cc h s gim nu
ph lc 14.3).
14.7.4. Kch thc ng dn
1) Dng in lin tc cho php ca ng dn in ca dy dn bc cch in, cp in khng c vt
qa cc tr s quy nh ca cc nh sn xut v phi tnh ti nhit mi trng, phng php t.
2) Mt ct rut dn in ti thiu
Mt ct rut dy dn in ca tng ng dy khng c nh hn cc tr s quy nh ph lc 14.4
Ghi ch: Vi li in 3 pha 4 dy, khi mt ct dy pha n 16 mm2 (ng) v 25 mm2 (nhm) th dy
trung tnh ca ng dy cp in trc ng phi c mt ct bng mt ct dy pha. Nu mt ct dy pha
ln hn cc tr s trn th mt ct dy trung tnh khng c nh qu 50% mt ct dy pha.
14.7.5. Phng php t ng dn in
1) Phng php t ng dn in phi ph hp vi iu kin mi trng, tnh cht s dng v c im
kin trc cng trnh, cc yu cu v k thut an ton v phng chng chy.
2) Phng php t dy
a) Dy dn nn t h ti nhng ni sau:
i) trong cc tng k thut, tng hm, khng t thit b si, cc phng t my thng gi.
ii) cc phng m t nh trm bm nc, phng v sinh x tm.
b) Trong cc phng v sinh, dy dn nn t h v phi dng loi c v bo v hoc cp in v cm
t dy dn c v bo v trong ng kim loi.
c) ng dy phi kn (ngm trong tng di lp va trt, trong ng trong hp...): trong cc phng
c yu cu cao v v sinh nh: nh tr, phng ch bin gia cng thc n, phng m, phng iu ch
huyt thanh.
3) Li in t trong trn treo khng i li c: phi coi nh li in kn v c t nh sau:
a) Vi trn nh bng vt liu chy: lun trong ng (hp) bng kim loi
b) Vi trn nh bng vt liu khng chy hoc kh chy: lun trong ng (hp) bng cht do hoc
dng ng dn in bc cch in c bo v vi v bng vt liu kh chy nhng phi m bo kh
nng thay th, sa cha ng dn in.
4) Cc mi ni v r nhnh:
Tt c cc mi ni v r nhnh dy dn, cp in phi c thc hin trong hp ni dy dn v hp r
5) on dn in xuyn mng, tng, trn nh, sn nh, i qua khe ln, khe co dIn.

a) on dy dn hoc cp in xuyn mng, tng, trn nh, sn nh phi:

i) t trong ng thp hoc cc ng c cng tng t;
ii) ng knh trong ca ng phi ln hn 1,5 ln ng knh ngoi ca dy dn hoc cp in.
b) on dn in i qua khe ln, khe co dIn: phi c bin php chng b h hng cho dy, cp.
iu 14.8. t ng dn in h trong nh
Dy dn bc cch in khng bo v, t h trc tip trn cc b mt puly, s kp treo di dy cng,
trn dn, trong mng .. . phi c lp t theo quy nh di y:
cao ti thiu ca dy, mng.
1) cao ti thiu ca dy dn so vi mt sn hoc mt bng lm vic phi nh sau:
a) 2m: khi in p trn 42 V trong phng kh ro v khi in p n 42 V trong cc phng m t.
b) 2,5 m: khi in p trn 42 V trong phng m t.
2) Khng quy nh cao i vi:
a) ng dy i xung cng tc n, cm in, thit b iu khin v bo v cc thit b dng in
khc t trn tng,
b) Dy dn cch in c v bo v, dy dn trong ng cch in c v bc bng kim loi, dy dn v
cp in trong ng thp, ng mm bng kim loi cng nh cp cao su mm. ch dy dn v cp c
th b h hng v c hc phi c bo v b sung.
c) Cc gian nh ch cho php lui ti i vi cc nhn vin I c hun luyn.
3) Trong cc phng m t, cao t mt sn ti mt di ca hp, mng khng c nh hn 2m.
4) Trong cc nhp cu trc, dy bc cch in khng c bo v phi t cao t nht l 2,5 m k t mt
cu trc. Nu khng t c cao th bn trn gi sa cha cu trc phi c bin php bo v, khng
v chm phi (nh t trong ng, trong mng).
14.8.2. bo v trnh tc ng c hc cho ng dn thng ng
1) Phi bo v trnh tc ng c hc n cao t nht l 1,5m k t mt sn hoc mt bng lm vic i
a) Dy dn cp in xuyn sn nh v t h thng ng theo tng nh.
b) Dy i xung cng tc, cm in, kh c in v bng in trong nh sn xut.
2) Khng cn bo v trnh tc ng c hc
Trong nh phc v sinh hot ca x nghip cng nghip, nh v nh cng cng, cc dy i xung k trn
khng cn bo v trnh tc ng c hc.
14.8.3. nhng ni khng b ng vt gm nhm ph hoi, khng c cc tc ng c l, khng c cc cht
n mn.
14.8.4. Ngn cch gia dy dn t h v mt kt cu
Khi t h, gia b mt kt cu vi v ca dy dn, cp in phi c khong cch khng nh hn 10mm.
14.8.5. , treo dy
1) ng lun dy dn in, cp, dy dn cch in c bo v ca ng dn in phi c bt chc trn
gi .
Khong cch gia cc gi l 0,8 1 m i vi ng v 0,5 - 0,7 m i vi dy dn cch in c bo v,
2) Khi dng dy thp treo cp in
a) Ch c cho dy treo chu mt lc khng ln qu 1/ 4 ng lc lm t dy thp .
b) Khong cch gia cc im treo dy dn bc cch in hoc cp in khng c v bo v bng
thp khng c ln hn:
i) 1m vi dy dn cp in c mt ct rut dn in 1mm2
ii) 1,5m vi dy dn hoc cp in c mt ct rut dn t 1,5 mm2 tr ln.
14.8.6. ng lun dy dn, cp v hp ni dy, hp r nhnh phi m bo:
a) D lun v thay th dy dn, cp in;
b) Nc ngng t trong ng, hp thot c ra ngoi ng thi cn trng khng chui lt c vo
trong ng, hp.

14.8.7. ng dy dn in v cc ng ng k thut khc.

Ti nhng on giao cho nhau hoc song song gia ng dn in v cc ng ng k thut, phi:
1) m bo khong cch gia dy dn in bc cch in hoc cp in vi cc ng ng khc nh
quy nh trong bng 14.8.1.
Khi khng m bo c khong cch gia ng ng dn in cho vi ng ng quy nh
trong bng, phi bo v chng tc ng c l cho on dy dn, cp in, ti thiu 250mm v mi
pha ca ng ng.
Bng 14.8.1. Khong cch ti thiu gia dy dn in bc cch in,
cp in vi cc ng ng khc.

2) bo v chng nhit cao cho ng dn in giao cho hoc song song vi ng dn nhit.