Grammar

Beginner - Grammar - Unit 1

El verbo

"to be" ("to be or not to be...")

Forma positiva (afirmativa):

I am

Yo soy

Yo estoy

You are

T eres

T ests

He / she / it is

l/ella es

l/ella est

We are

Nosotros somos

Nosotros estamos

You are

Vosotros sois

Vosotros estis

They are

Ellos son

Ellos estn

Ej. I am a student. You are a teacher. She is a manager. They are soldiers. We are clerks.
Formacin de interrogantes:
(las preguntas se forman intercambiando la posicin del verbo y del sujeto)

Am I?

Soy?

Estoy?

Are you?

Eres?

Ests?

Is he / she / it?

Es?

Est?

Are we?

Somos?

Estamos?

Are you?

Sois?

Estis?

Are they?

Son?

Estn?

Ej. Am I a student? Are you a teacher? Is she a manager? Are they soldiers? Are we clerks?
Formacin del negativo
(la negacin se forma agregando la palabra "not")

I am not

No soy

No estoy

You are not

No eres

No ests

He / she / it is not

No es

No est

We are not

No somos

No estamos

You are not

No sois

No estis

They are not

No son

No estn

Ej. I am not a student. You are not a teacher. She is not a manager. They are not soldiers. We
are not clerks.
En el lenguaje informal y cotidiano se utilizan abreviaciones.

Abreviaciones:

I am

I'm

(I'm a boy.)

You are

You're

(You're from Poland.)

He is

He's

(He's a policeman.)

She is

She's

(She's guilty.)

It is

It's

(It's an egg.)

We are

We're

(We're from the USA.)

You are

You're

(You're too fast for me.)

They are

They're

(They're from Poland.)

I am not

I'm not

(I'm not a student.)

You are not

You aren't

(You aren't from Poland.)

He is not

He isn't

(He isn't a policeman.)

She is not

She isn't

(She isn't guilty.)

It is not

It isn't

(It isn't my car.)

We are not

We aren't

(We aren't from the USA.)

You are not

You aren't

(You aren't my parents.)

They are not

They aren't

(They aren't black.)

Algunas abreviaciones tienen dos formas:

She isn't o She's not
Ambas formas son correctas y regularmente usadas.

Reglas para el uso del artculo definido "a / an"

Se usa el artculo indefinido "a / an" antes de cualquier sustantivo que cumpla estas
condiciones:
1. Cuando hay slo uno
Ej. a boy, a car, a flat (pero en plural: boys, cars, flats)
2. Cuando son contables
Ej. a girl, a year, an apple (pero: water, salt, coffee, tea - porque estos sustantivos son
incontables)
3. Aparecen en la forma contable cuando son usados por primera vez y el
interlocutor no los conoce.
Cundo se usa "a" y cundo "an"?
Esta es una pregunta importante. Las dos palabras significan lo mismo, pero:
La palabra "a" se utiliza antes de sustantivos que comienzan con una consonante sonora
(Ej. a university, a girl, a dog),
Mientras que "an" se utiliza antes de sustantivos que comienzan con una vocal sonora
(Ej. an elephant, an hour).
Recuerda que las palabras en ingls a menudo se escriben de una forma, pero
se pronuncian de otra!