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Tausk Influencing Machine
Tausk Influencing Machine
ARTICLE
This
of
issue
reprinted
paper,
by Victor
Tausk.
the
Journal
The
Origin
The
ofPsychotherapy
Practice and
of the Influencing
Machine
paper
appeared
in
in
l9l9just
includes
in Schizophrenia,
Research
about
the
time
of
Tausks tragic
suicide, although
an earlier version had been presented
the year
before to the Vienna
Psychoanalytic
Group.
In many ways this is an odd paper.
It reflects
Tausks
great brilliance
and
at the same time conveys,
through
its
and
scrupulously
documented
footnotes,
Tausks
preoccupation
with
careful
the influence
between
him and Freud concerning
the psychoanalytic
view of
schizophrenia.
Tausk draws heavily on Freuds
work at the time; however,
he
advances
the psychoanalytic
formulation
ofthe central difficulty
of schizophrenia
a substantial
step
forward.
Tausks
troubled
relationship
with
Freud is documented
in Paul Roazens
BrotherAnimaL
The paper
Origin of the Influencing
Machine
in Schizophrenia was frequently
referred
to by Freud after Tausks
death. And of Tausks
work,
is the
this paper
most
well
known.
repression
and
defense
as
he
formulates
the
meaning
of
the
influencing
machine.
However,
his most notable
contribution
is the idea that schizophrenia is due to a weakened
ego, and he calls explicit
attention
to the specificity
of the problem
in maintaining
boundaries
between
self and other, inside and
outside,
past and present.
The notion
of a weak ego with difficulties
maintaining boundaries
was taken up by Paul Federn
and ultimately
has become
the
centerpiece
of modern
psychoanalytic
conceptualizations
of schizophrenia.
The paper is at times dense, and by todays standards
Tausk would require
a good editor.
However,
the paper rewards
careful
reading
with its brilliant
the thrust of understanding
schizophreinsight into a vexatious
illness. While
nia
clinically
today
lies
in
the
integration
of
many
different
perspectives,
the
paper reminds
us that there can be value in making
human
contact
with the
person
behind
the disease.
Although
distorted
by illness,
the schizophrenic
patients
wishes and fears can be understood,
Tausk asserts. This understanding can be used
to assist the patient
to cope with the illness and stay involved
in the other aspects of treatment
that are prescribed.
Wiw
1. Roazen
Translation
P: Brother
and
SLEDGE,
M.D.
Animal.
translators
H.
New
note
York, Random
repri nted
from
VOLUME
House,
1969
Psychoanalytic
NUMBER
Quarterly
2 #{149}
SPRING
1992
2:519-556,
1933,
by permission.
185
TAUSK
On the Origin
of the Influencing
Machine
in Schizophrenia
VICTOR
TALSK
Translation
from
German
[A translation
Feigenbaum
of this article
14 years
in thelnternationale
appearance
Psychoanalyse
Victor
Tausk
(judge)
by Dorian
after
Zeitschrift
its
and by his brilliant
presentation
undertaken
f#{252}r theory. The translation,
requires
a word of explanation.
had been a distinguished
jurist
and journalist
he became
before
the psychoanalytic
a psycho-
literature
serves
in a measure
tothe
author.
The
tributing
chine
a mere handful
of papers,
he
around
Freud,
in the creative period of psychoanalysis
during
the decade of
the world war. His work covered a variety of subjects, such as alcoholic
psychoses,
schizophrenia,
infantile sexuality,
war neuroses,
and psychoanalysis and philosophy.
of his studies
was
Beeinflussungsapparates
phrenie,
Society
devoted
read
in
before
the
Vienna
der
Schizo-
D.F.]
in 1919.
This study
is a classic
psychiatric-literature,
presenting
a brilliant
analysis
of a delusionaty
formation,
throwing
out
penetrating
comments
on such fundamental
problems as projection,
hallucination
and narcissism,
and anticipating
libido development,
Abrahams
as wellas
formulation
later studies
The translator,
a classmate
clinical studies at the University
a brief period
separated
Kraepelinian
attracted
of friendship
them,
and-at
psychiatiy-was
to psychoanalysis
of the
by others.
time
devoted
to no small
by Tausk
JOURNAL
to
degree
s enthusiasm
OF PSW HOTHERAPY
considerations
example
of
complained
schizophrenic
ticular
case
are based
the
of
patient
the structure
upon
influencing
by a certain
Although
of the
matype
in this
machine
of
pardif-
fers materially,
to the best of my knowledge,
from all other varieties of apparatus
of this
sort, it is hoped
that the present
example
will
nevertheless
facilitate
psychoanalytic
insight
into
the genesis
and purpose
of this delusional
inpsychoanalytic-and
following
a single
Psychoanalytic
(Jan. 6, 1918),
discussed
in an evening
to the paper (Jan. 30, 1918) and published
in English,
a debt of gratitude
available
to discharge
analyst.
Freuds work found
an immediate
response
who began the study of medicine
late in
in Tausk,
more
of the Freudian
tofill a gap in
instrument.
My example
ant-of
objection
the
to draw
general
a single
regarded
case,
as
based
cation
very
is a variant-a
rare
van-
typical
influencing
machine.
The
can of course
be made
that it is rash
conclusions
from
the study
of
to be
should
be
on a larger
mass of material.
Myjustifiis that I have simply
not encountered
my paper
general
regular
as perfunctory
PRACTICE
superfluous.
descriptions
features
and
clinical
AND RESEARCH
cases
There
exist
only
of the apparatus,
and its
functions
are given only
illustrations.
Clinical
INFLUENCING
186
psychiatry,
interested
only
tions,
lays no stress
individual
symptoms
namics
of psychoses.
erto sufficiently
meaning,
and
because,
method,
lems.
investigated
the purpose
not employing
it does not even
Yet
in
in general
descrip-
upon
the significance
of
for the study of the dyPsychiatry
has not hiththe origin,
the
of a symptom,
principle,
it is permissible
conclusions
general
Variants
and
mixed
forms
stimulate
into general
types. The conformity
of
cases may have the ultimate
effect
of
dow
in the
barrier,
other
wall
through
to be obtained.
Deviations
from
types
compel
phenomenon
the
may
the
a clear
rule
and
assumption
be of diverse
persecuted.
of the influencing
view
and
are
2.
is
taken
as a basis
for
only
the
that
will prove
to justify
them,
and
and significance
of this variant
been
the
following
correctly conceived
unlike
not
into
often
en-
means
to give
only
vague
tion.
It consists
of
wheels,
buttons,
wires,
Patients
endeavor
to
tion of the apparatus
nical knowledge,
and
progressive
popularization
the forces
to explain
All the
hints
machine
patients
is a
are
4.
5.
of suggestion
patient
taneous
of the sciences,
all
of mankind,
however,
VOLUME
are
#{149}
NUMBER
of physIn such
or drainfeelings
by one
persecutors.
motor
phenomena
in the
or by air-currents,
or X-rays.
that in part cannot
they are strange
himself,
and
It is also responsible
rences
in the patients
of its construc-
boxes,
cranks,
levers,
batteries,
and the like.
discover
the construcby means
of their
techit appears
that with the
known
to technology
are utilized
the functioning
of the apparatus.
discoveries
hallucinations
is often
called
a
Its construction
but its function
electricity,
magnetism,
It creates
sensations
be described,
because
to the
able
visual
body, erections
and seminal
emissions,
that are intended
to deprive
the patient of his male potency
and weaken
him. This is accomplished
either
by
example
origin
have
is
are sensed
as electrical,
due to air-currents.
The
machine
or cinemato-
in the transmission
of thoughts
and
or several
It produces
3.
and formulated.
influencing
nature.
pictures.
the
lantern
typical
ma-
three-dimensional.
consists
ing off
had
or
2
The schizophrenic
machine
of mystical
a magic
cases,
the machine
suggestion-apparatus.
cannot
be explained,
conclusions
that the
example
see
case,
which
the patients
knowledge
ics is inadequate
to explain.
countered.
It is to be hoped
patients
is the
marthe
It produces,
as well as removes,
thoughts
and feelings
by means
of
waves or rays or mysterious
forces
that
a given
origin.
It is
at least
had seemed
to do so. Inquiry
extraordinary
causative
factors
has
stimulated
inquiry into those ordinarily
the
this
graph.
The pictures
gle plane,
on walls
ambiguous
It makes
generally
exceptional
while
a deviation
hand,
may be a winwhich
patients
feel themselves
The main
effects
chine
are the following:
to
derive
the
to explain
the
machine,
by which
When
types.
inquiry
typical
an impenetrable
from type, on
from
regarded
as inadequate
velous
powers
of this
1.
the psychoanalytical
postulate
such prob-
MACHINE
eruptions,
pathological
The
for
male
machine
abscesses,
serves
sex.
They
the
#{149}
SPRING
the patient
1992
or
and
other
processes.
cians by whom
The manipulation
obscure,
in part
other
occurbody,
such as cu-
to persecute
that
magnetic,
are
the
To the
exclusively
predominantly
pabest
of
physi-
patient
has been
treated.
of the apparatus
is likewise
rarely
having
a clear
idea
187
TAUSK
of
operation.
its
Buttons
are
pushed,
set in motion,
cranks
turned.
The
with the patient
is often established
levers
connection
by means
of invisible
wires
leading
into
his
which
case the patient
is influenced
machine
only when
he is in bed.
However,
it is noteworthy
number
of patients
complain
ments
without
that
a large
of all these
ailto
tions
tions
longer
simply
an external
tion
or telepathic
influence,
emanating
mental
power,
to be
suggesfrom
in the
group
ences
change
evidence
of an
originator,
the complaint
and feelings,
espe-
of a loss or
without
the
thoughts
or feelings
being
drained
from
them or foisted
upon
them;
and of a similar
nature
are complaints
of a change
of sensa-
force,
They
or psychic
the
for instance,
of thoughts
influ-
physical
them
is no
ence
of a machine.
Many
patients
consider
the cause
of all these
alien
or hostile
sensaof
ascribing
bed,
in
by the
there
cially,
change
skin,
of patients
face,
and
does
not
originating
from
extremities.
complain
This
of influ-
a foreign,
hostile
but of a feeling
of inner
estrangement.
become
strange
to themselves,
understand
facial
have
themselves:
expression,
become
These
and
of an early
stage
feelings,
symptoms
clearly
subsequent
pearance,
tainty,
and in others
with
that the sense of persecution
strong
probability,
originates
from
the
accompanied
purpose
of an explanation
changes
dominate
sensations.
According
to this
for the
view,
the
pathologic
painful
life
idea
of
and
and
he
influencing
for causality
machine
originates
in the need
that is inherent
in man; and the
same
for
need
account
through
for
the
causality
the
persecutors
medium
of an
merely
by suggestion
psychiatry
explains
encing
machine
persecution
will
probably
also
who
act
apparatus
not
but
or by telepathy.
Clinical
the symptom
of an influas analogous
in paranoia
to the
(which,
ideas
to justify
his decalls it paranoia
ality,
hostile
some
upon
the
without
changes
physical
the
power.
and
and
intervention
It is particularly
strange
psychic
apparipersonor
by
patients
that their visions
are not foisted
them
in any way but that, to their great
astonishment,
also occur
other
they simply
see them.
There
strange
sensations
for which
JOURNAL
secution
inteiference,
fluence.
tion or
are
In other
stage
OF PSKHOTHERAPY
cases,
the
ideas
may
the construction
nal
by a
feelings
be seen
of an influencing
influence
It is necessary
influencing
These
of per-
ascribed
to a foreign,
personal
suggestion,
or telepathic
inof persecuentering
into
apparatus.
to assume,
therefore,
apparatus
represents
in the
started
evolution
with
the
of the
symptom,
of
the
of the
could
pletely
from
the connection
have
simple
that the
termi-
sensations
been
studied
com-
which
I shall present
an example
later),
and
I have
no hesitation
in maintaining
that
under
especially
favorable
circumstances
it
may be possible
to observe
the entire
series of
developmental
of a foreign
declared
of change
of estrangement.
symptom
it is known,
somatica.
However,
there
is a group
of patients
that
dispenses
completely
with any gratification
of
the need
for causality,
and complains
simply
of emotional
tions within
sensations
sense
of dementia
praecox, although
in advanced
stages
In some
cases
which
of
part
thoughts,
estranged.
no
face,
enemies.
My own observations
and those
of
other
authors
leave no room
for doubt
that
these complaints
precede
the symptom
of the
influencing apparatus, and that the latter
is a
pathological development.
Its apas many
observers
state, serves
the
are
limbs,
stages
in
a single
patient
Meanwhile,
I am in the position
of the observer of plasmodia
who notes various
pathological forms
in the
stages
a continuous
of
blood
cells
as developmental
cycle
of
growth,
al-
though
he is never
able to observe
in any one
blood corpuscle
more
than a single
phase.
Recognition
of the various
symptoms
as
PRACTICE
AND
RESEARCH
INFLUENCING
188
stages
of a unified
rendered
observation
developmental
process
is
difficult
not merely
by inaccurate
but by other
factors
as well. Pa-
tients conceal
and correlative
accordance
Changes
single
stages behind
symptoms-each
with
of feeling
taneously
his morbid
are covered
or consecutively
sis or neurosis
group,
such
secondary
patient
clinical
paranoia,
compulsion
neurosis,
anxiety
hysteria,
or
amentia;
and these clinical pictures,
advancing to the foreground,
conceal
from
the observer
the
development
is, besides,
every
stage
sciousness,
runs
more
of
and
its course
leaves
gaps
depending
ical process
subtle
elements
in
of the delusion
of reference.
very likely that in many
cases
development
that
one
in the
in the
upon
and
unconscious
and
of the
are
that
pathologdisposi-
of any hostile
powers
This observation
a thirty-four
of insane
throughout
streaming
to which
in the
absence,
whatsoever.
was made
case
of
He felt electrical
currents
him, which
entered
the
earth
through
his legs; he produced
rent within
himself,
declaring
with
thatwas
he did
those
in fact,
in the
the
pride
curthat
his power!
How and for what purpose
this he refused
to disclose.
Upon
dis-
and
her
lover
as evil as himself.
This patient
to the
conclusion
the Belgrade
Neuropsychiatric
Division.
This patients
words, Sich verstellt-taken
other.
TRANSLATOR.
VOLUME
of
literally,
1 #{149}
NUMBER
as will
its
own
in
this
was
she
attributed
an evil,
to the
deceitful
per-
did
not
himself,2
and made
merely
feel
and
her
herself
persecuted
and influenced;
hers was a case of
being
influenced
by identification
with the
persecutor.
If we take into consideration
the
view held by Freud
and myself
that in objectchoice
the mechanism
of identification
precedes
the cathexis
may
regard
the
representing
the
proper
by projection,
case
of Miss Emma
stage in the development
A.
we
as
of
the delusion
of reference
preceding
the projection
(namely,
on to a distant
persecutor
in
the outer
world).
The identification
is obviously an attempt
to project
the feelings
of the
inner
change
on to the
tutes
inner
a bridge
change
between
the
without
external
attribution
an
of these
external
person,
rounds
came
a singu-
having,
ished,
soon
lover in a singular
manner;
she mainthat her eyes were no longer
properly
in her head
but were entirely
twisted
position
between
ment
and
the
he
signifi-
instance,
somatica
a significance
covering
these currents
in himself
for the first
time,
he was (he admitted)
somewhat
astonbut
another
have I been
able
in the absence
apparatus
ascribed-
a special
served
a mysterious
he refused
any infor-
substantiating
the developmental
process
which
I have assumed.
The same example
has
already
been
cited by Freud
in another
connection.
Miss Emma
A. felt herself
influenced
of position,
thus
cite
seen,
out
the rapidity
of the
upon
the individual
influencing
usually
be
fact
Finally,
now
It
not
psyche.
had
of paranoia
the
tion,
some
of the stages
may
be missing
altogether.
Ideas
of reference
in schizophrenia
develop equally
with or without
the influencing
apparatus.
to observe
case
by her
tained
placed
reaches
constage
or another
conscious
manifestation
mation.
I shall
later
psycho-
to another
mania,
this
cance-that
the currents
end,
regarding
which
lar
disposition.
up by a simul-
produced
belonging
as depression,
in
that
MACHINE
mean
out
2 #{149}
SPRING
1992
world.
himself
feelings
cause
changes
to the
a kind
It constiof an
and the
power
of
of intermediary
the feeling
delusion
of
especially
moves
outer
of self-estrangereference.
This
well,
and
from
one
substantiates
place
to an-
189
TAUSK
psychoanalytically,
the
concept
opment
of the symptom,
tion in the influencing
of the
concerned
invention,
intellectual
the
observed
objects
are
hostile
in this
instance.
that
may be
stages
of the
taken,
at
some
years
rate
described
movements
ment
to
the
forms
or
the case
ago)
may
be
to
not
one
conclusion,
and
3.
bowel
moveevery
4.
edly
located
the
in the
intestines
performance
and
of each
We
may
without
it.
1.
note,
now
summarize
and
mo-
describe
the phenomena
that in some
to be produced
by the influencand that in other
cases occur
5.
first,
simple
sensations
of
without
awareness
an originator.
The sensations
changes
in the psychical
and
are of
physical
functions
own body.
within
various
parts
In many
cases this
of ones
stage of
the illness
early age,
probably
occurs
before
puberty.
of
is stimulated.
of inner
change
in the form
sensations,
with awareness
of
of
of an originator,
who,
though
existing
within
the
nevertheless
not the patient
patient,
himself
(case Staudenmayer).
Feelings
of inner
awareness
OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
accompanied
of the
world,
of an originator;
feelings
ent, but
of estrangement
later on they
pictures).
Feelings
of inner
change
inner
with-
at first,
are
appear
not pres(seeing
accompanied
Feelings
of inner
change
by projection
of the inner
originator
(case Emma
accompanied
occurrence
outer
world
and belief
in an origproduced
by the paranoid
mech-
motions,
weakening
ing erection,
forth).
at a very
Since
at this
quently
compensated
by infantile
peculiarities
of character,
such as
naughtiness,
aggressiveness,
concealed
change
alis
anism
(causing
pictures
to appear,
influencing by suggestion, hypnotism,
electricity,
producing
or draining
off
thoughts
and feelings,
effecting
bodily
of
age no exact
reports
can be obtained
on inner
conditions,
and since,
in addition, pathological
changes
are not infre-
JOURNAL
it is at this
development
in this instance
the patient himself
(case Josef
H.).
Feelings
of inner
change
accompanied
to the
inator
surface;
further
by awareness
of an external
as a result
of identification
A.).
6.
We
to the
that
Feelings
abnormal
out
entrusted
separate
tion.
schematically
cases appear
ing machine
too,
by hallucinatory
projection
occurrence
to the external
single
peristaltic
motion
coming
to his awareness to the activity
of special
demons
allegwith
comes
time,
by awareness
me-
attributed
ness
is
exthe ill-
an originator,
misand is
by
his sensations
during
his
from the beginning
of the
its
2.
to the environment
of the individual,
who
to relinquish
all crude
of his abnormality,
that
symptoms
be mentioned.
if I am
to be a paranoiac
considered
compelled
pressions
was
seclusiveness,
and so forth,
this stage either
unrecognized
or else is misIt is only at puberty,
when
spe-
cial adjustments
are required
illustrations
(whose
autobiography
the Vienna
Psychoanalytic
Staudenmayer-who,
was declared
any
the
the
will certainly
of love and
given
of the various
delusion
of reference,
of Staudenmayer
presented
before
Society
Among
masturbation,
dullness
remains
named.
or friendly,
fantasies,
devel-
up to its crystallizamachine.
We are here
7.
potency,
seminal
produc-
emissions,
and
so
Feelings
of inner
change
attributed
to
the workings
of the influencing
machine
manipulated
the enemies
are
the
patient
by him;
PRACTICE
and
later
by enemies.
usually
unknown
only
vaguely
on he is able
AND RESEARCH
At first,
to
discerned
to make
190
INFLUENCING
them
larges
the
out, knows
their circle
paranoid
patient
explain
conspiracy.
Similarly,
is at first completely
the construction
encing
apparatus,
self with it gradually.
Having
solved
the
but
the
of time,
ment;
unable
to
of the influ-
familiarizes
machines
genitalia
him-
between
ideas
I can
I may
fully
confirm
add,
Freuds
moreover,
always stand
for the
and that the dreams
batory
relation
MACHINE
character.
dreams
described
I can
are dreams
in my paper
state
state-
that
the
dreamers
own
of a mastur-
are
further
of escape,
on alcoholic
that
of
these
the type
delirium.3
of reference
and the influencing
apparatus,
we may proceed
to an examination
of the
latter
without
reference
to its effects.
In this paper
it is shown
that whenever
urge
to masturbate,
or rather
a readiness
It is not necessary
lantern
which
produces
which
is favorable
to discharge,
another
fantasy is hastily
substituted,
by means
of which
to discuss
pictures
the magic
or images,
it does
not
reveal
any error
of judgment
beyond
the fact of its nonexistence.
This rational
superstructure
is absolutely
impenetrable.
We must,
at the start,
use structures
less solidly
built, the walls of which
reveal gaps
(a)
which
it is possible
The ordinary
a very obscure
of it are
cases
patient
the construction
it is obvious
that
he un-
dreamer
standing,
ing itself.
discovered
scription
whenever
an accurate
deof the apparatus
is demanded
at
of the
apparatus
ways
a machine;
and
a very
of inhibition
gous
alteration
machine
mechanism,
view recently
his lectures,
plicated
cannot
machine
complicated
for
must
a moment
machines
Tausk, Victor:
appearing
ZurPsychologie
jected
be a symbol-a
emphasized
by Freud
in which
he stated
that
in
des
in one of
the comdreams
al*ohol.
VOLUME
al-
introduc-
that
components
by the
the
of the machine
is
simultaneous
disap-
components
the new
#{149}
NUMBER
the
machine.
for which
components
old
ones.
This is
machine
origithe inhibition,
effects
the
instead
but the
in this
dreamer
It may,
the influencing
of the patients
to the outer
world,
to the machine
in dreams.
plaint
of the schizophrenic
causes
&sch4/Iigungsdelir.
an analo-
except
manawak-
ens, more
often
than
not, with his hand
on
his genitalia, after having
dreamed
of manip-
al-
The
this
momen-
of semen
is made
The dream
reacts
for discharge
with a
his libidinal
interest,
and
ner inhibition
of instinct
In machine
dreams
assumed
that
representation
psychoanalyst
is induced
result
is the same.
Each complexity
draws the
attention
of the dreamer
to himself,
rouses
his intellectual
interest,
reciprocally
weakens
ulating
that
fantasy
of symbols.
dream
possesses
of the other
substituted,
one.
doubt
a dream
the symbol
has been
made
complex,
of being
displaced
by another
one;
patient.
The
to
being
simply
added
to the
how the hopelessly
complex
nates.
In order
to strengthen
In
believes
successive
The
pearance
they
are
has
parts
analogous
to that of a
who has a feeling
of underbut has not the understandThis characteristic
may be
is,
best,
machine
large
state
leads
tarily,
and the ejaculation
difficult
if not impossible.
to the repudiated
wish
tion of single
not accompanied
inside.
unimaginable.
the
derstands
ratus well,
(b)
influencing
construction;
completely
where
to look
semen,
a new
because
its structure
harmonizes
perfectly
with the function
attributed
to it, and because
through
ejaculate
an
to
erection,
drains
mt.Ztsch.
f.
#{149}
SPRING
1992
Psa.
therefore,
be
apparatus
genitalia
is a
pro-
analogous
in origin
The frequent
comthat the apparatus
off semen,
III, 1915.
and
weak-
191
TAUSK
ens potency
only confirms
this
rate, the analogy
of the symptom
production,
symptom
as well as the
to psychoanalytic
view. At any
to a dream
accessibility
of the
dream
interpreta-
manipulated
ner,
and
that unof the
machine
in schizophrenia.
I can
my example,
which
will not only
strengthen
our
hypothesis,
but
will enlarge
it
years
She
is Miss
Natalija
A., thirty-one
number
of years,
and
can make
means
of writing.
a half years she
of an electrical
though
this
due
to an
has
been
machine
machines
use
in
mother,
details.
patients
Her
male
the
of the
and
of
similar
machines.
Of
explanation,
describing
body,
not
likewise
friends
this
the
by
of a human
form,
though
female
influence
ear,
the
are
also
machine
latter
she gives
only the apparatus
which
she herself
is subjected.
She
that for men
there
is a masculine
representing
the masculine
women
a female
one. The
form
trunk
and
(torso)
about
the shape
of a lid, resembling
the lid of a
coffin
and is lined with silk or velvet
Regarding the limbs two significant
explanations
are
given.
them
At the
as entirely
first interview
natural
parts
she described
of the body.
head-she
says
that
she
is not
whether
sure
see the
about
it
the machine
ing to report
about
definitely
neither
is connected
the
head.
The
patient
JOURNAL
is
it
thinks
OF PS CHOTHERAPY
parts
batteries,
was first
of the
which
internal
Those
a slimy
produced
machine
are
time
with
consist
supposed
organs
of
of
to rep-
the
human
who handle
the machine
prosubstance
in her nose, disgusting
why or how
they
disappeared
she
tell. Ever since
the machine
lost its
the patient
has ceased
to experi-
sexual
sensations.
She became
familiar
which
she
with
had
the
apparatus,
previously
heard,
through
all kinds
of occurrences,
through
through
conversations
auditory
among
people,
that is,
hallucinations. The man
who
her
utilizes
rejected
prompted
had refused
trying
few weeks
later
these
limbs
were not placed
on the coffin lid in their
natural
form,
but
were merely drawn on it in two dimensions,
in the position they would
occupy
in the
natural
inner
though
cannot
genitalia,
ence
for
has
nose
of the genitalia
of the machine;
machine
no longer
possesses
of
is certain
machine
her
smells,
dreams,
thoughts,
feelings,
and disturb
her while
she is thinking,
reading
or
writing.
At an earlier
stage,
sexual
sensations
were produced
in her through
manipulation
no
to
or
on
the
body.
duce
only
by
for six and
prohibited
is
form
own
under
present
resent
under
the influence
made
in Berlin,
the police.
It has the
indeed,
the patients
all
ulcer
herself
understood
She declares
that
in a certain
manoccurs
to it happens
that
old, formerly
a student
of philosophy.
has been
completely
deaf
for a great
everything
outstandit is being
it. The
patient
by someone
and
now
materially.
The
that it is by means
of telepathy.
The
ing fact about
the machine
is that
especially
the apparatus
to persecute
suitor,
a college
professor,
by jealousy.
his courtship
by means
a friendship
Very
she
of suggestion
between
his
who had
influence
not
her
her to the
only
she
physicians,
is
soon
after
she
felt that he was
to bring
sister-in-law,
mother,
and
herself,
his obvious
being
to use this influence
to make
him.
When,
however,
suggestion
subjected
chine;
mother,
her,
about
her
purpose
her accept
failed,
he
influence
of the maherself
but
also
her
her friends,
all those
her welfare
at heart,
of this diabolical
came under
apparatus,
the
with
the result
that
the physicians
submitted
a
mistaken
diagnosis
to her, the apparatus
deluding
them
into diagnosing
other
ailments
than those with which
PRACTICE
AND
RESEARCH
192
could
no longer
get
and relatives,
arousing
and feeling
impossible
along
with
everyones
compelled
to obtain
the patient.
inaccessible
On
and
too,
was under
that
he
they
had
to run
any further
her
only
third
stated
that
a stage
tom which
as a delusion
It was
from
to her,
that
each other.
reason
for
the influencing
in the development
and
not
the
patient
herself,
ulations
machine
repof a symp-
she
senses
on
the
apparatus
part
manner.
undergone
by the apparatus
taneously
in the
patients
versa.
Thus,
the apparatus
her by suggestion
failed.
seems
to have
previously
machine
is also enlightening.
following
sations;
a period
obviously
familiar
enced
ratus;
sensations
before
this
awakened
she
in the
that
was
she
subjected
is analogous
to the
she
the
rec-
patient
had
experi-
to the
appa-
well-known
that persons
in a state of infatuation
feeling
of having
always
known
the
fact
have the
beloved
one-in
reality
they are merely
rediscovering
one of their
old libidinal
imagoes.
We shall
hear later in how remote a past she had first
experienced
sensations
similar
to those
caused
by the influencing
apparatus.
The
peculiar
construction
of the ma-
the patients
it had possessed
as her genital
add
that
simul-
loss of her
genitalia
sensations
genital
senfor as long
any
my
inability
analysis
clear
the
place
body,
and
vice
loses its genitalia
to provide
detailed
de-
scription
of the head
of the apparatus,
and
especially
her inability
to decide
whether
it
was her own head or not, proves
conclusively
that it is her own head.
We know from analytic
observations
that the person
not recognized
in a dream
is actually
the dreamer
himself.
In
the Dream
of the Clinic,4
dreamer
meant
herself
of
that
the
she
dreamt
not
see.
A further
of a person
silk or velvet-may
may
take
patients
symbol
We
in the
had lasted.
of dream
interbe said that the
apparatus-namely,
genitalia.
all manip-
Applying
the technique
pretation
to this case, it may
chine
substantiates
our
assumptions
to a
great
extent,
especially
with
regard
to the
significance
of the machine
as a projected
of the
patients
stated
that her persecutor
had recourse
to the
apparatus only when his attempt
to influence
ognition
the
and
performed
corresponding
the same
without
this stage,
The patient
clearly
The
fact that
heard
about
This vague
only
tained
from the patients
report:
the apparatus is distinguished
above
all by its human
form,
easily
recognized
despite
many
nonhuman
characteristics.
In form
it resembles
of the apparatus,
hostile
represents
the influence
become
apparatus
her friends
animosity,
away.
details
could
no longer
understand
This case provides
a definite
believing
resents
old
MACHINE
INFLUENCING
detail
whose
in the
that
head
she
description
the
it was
when
could
of the
lid is lined
substantiate
this
with
opinion.
in Int.
Ztschr.
f. Psa.
111914.
P. 466.
Miss N. dreams:
I am seated
on an upper
bench
in
the surgical
amphitheatre.
Below a woman
is being operated
on. She lies with her head
towards
me, but I cannot
see the head, as it seems
to he concealed
by the lower
benches.
I see the woman
I see both thighs
and a heap of white towels and linens. I see nothing
only from her chest down.
else
clearly.
Analysis
of the dream
reveals
that
the dreamer
sees
herself
as the woman
operated
on. A few days
before the night of the dream,
the dreamer
called on a young physician
who made advances
to
her.
On this occasion
she was reclining
on a couch. The physician
raised her skirts and while he operated
below,
she perceived
the heap of white underclothes
overhead.
Just as much
as she saw of
herself in this situation,
she sees of the woman
in the dream,
and
the womans
head remains
invisible to her in the same way as she could not see her own head in the actual situation.
According
to
Published
Freud,
the
terpretation
woman
will
without
a head
not be discussed
in
here,
VOLUME
a dream
represents
#{149}
NUMBER
the
mother.
in another
2 #{149}
SPRING
1992
The
section
basic
reason
of this paper.
for
this
in-
193
TAUSK
Women
terms
very
frequently
feelings
evoked
the
own
skin.
form
here,
of batteries
although
That
meaning
the
describe
in
by caressing
such
their
appear
in the
intestines
later
on.
This
superficial
appearance
of undisguised
fantasies.
The patient obviously
seeks not to recognize
herself
in the influencing
machine
and therefore
in
interpreta-
that the
machine.
viscera
resemble
In our case
seems
to be towards
of this
infantile
the
a verbal
conception.
nomenon
there
is a defense
mechanism
which
has as its aim the protection
of the
conscious
ego against
the appearance
or re-
self-protection
a very
ten-
interpreThis
features;
pearance
recognize
rejection
she divests
it of all human
in a word,
the less human
the apof the delusion,
the less does
she
herself
in it. The
origin
of this
will be examined
later.
When
the
influencing
machine
of Miss
conclusion
regarding
its ontogeny
is arrived
at with the help
of the description
given
by
the patient
of her influencing
apparatus.
At the very
beginning
the patient
reported
that
the limbs
of the apparatus
ap-
it was
Natalija
A. first came
to my attention,
in a special
stage of development;
I was for-
peared
Several
mation
from
the genitalia.
in their
natural
form
and
weeks
later,
she declared
limbs
were
drawn
on the
lid. This
position.
that
the
is obviously
tunate,
moreover,
in observing
in the process
of development
the limbs,
and also in obtaining
end
with
a manifestation
of the progressive
distortion
undergone
by the apparatus,
which,
consequently,
eventually
loses all human
character-
tion, but
will pass
istics and
influencing
will stop
the
becomes
machine.
limbs
are
patient,
sure,
the
genitalia
however,
that
following
mensional
a typical,
unintelligible,
First the genitalia,
then
eliminated
to be
encing
in this
is unable
are
removed.
the limbs
are
manner:
human
they
form
process.
The
to report
how
She
removed
lose their
and flatten
ing
the
recall
ratus
the developmental
has obviously
the
that
of forgetting
tures.
that
the
It is not
the
of such
nally
too
coffin
successive
it had
causative
derlying
every
bold
represented
distortion
as
pic-
to draw
that
distortion.
of a psychic
JOURNAL
appa-
is a product
brings
in such
apto
of dream
a human
herself.
experience
factors
it have
that the
A failure
and
possible
without
that
it
proceed-
three-dito a two-
a conclusion
distortions
It is very
point,
in the
would
machine
end.
states,
stages
of the
same
significance
origin
lid of the
namely,
the patient
Psychoanalytic
the
at all. Nor
influobserva-
further.
In the meantime,
hypothesis
that
the
reader.
origi-
being-
may
be
to the
general
machine
scribed
and
perhaps
before
influencing
to light
the
the
Un-
ond
phe-
the
OF PSICHOTHERAPY
A.
would
defined
tiate
dream,
into
merely
an
considerhas been
of Miss
inexplicable
machine
a second
itself to
all that
machine
other
first have to be
an explanation
of other
influencing
patients
could
material
patients
studied
of Miss
be
to substan-
except
the
machine
with the assumption
that
together
I realize
AND RESEARCH
and
N.s
undertaken.
at hand
apparatus
is a projection
genitalia.
In presenting
this
hypothesis
PRACTICE
taken
interpreted
our
hypothesis
we shall start
first,
be
consider
suggested
notwithstanding
the influencing
exception
unintelligible
For want
we may
may have
It must
Natalija
limbs
typical
to clinical
affirm
that this apparatus
all the stages
of develop-
at a middle
not
any
regarding
process
will
of the
known
to the very
ation
that,
said above,
possess
production
I cannot
through
dimensional
plane.
It would
not have been
surprising
if after a lapse of several
weeks,
the
patient
had declared
that the apparatus
did
been
astonishing
paratus
had never
the patient
herself
I assume
that this
apparatus
ment
the machine
as concerned
specific
infor-
how
with,
much
or
in lieu
indulgence
of
secof,
is
194
INFLUENCING
exacted
of the reader,
and I should
surprised
if I were reproached
with
legerdemain.
I myself
was unpleasantly
prised
was
to discover
that this second
probably
as valid as the first,
consequence
both
became
not
levity
tom
loss
differs
and
theory.
Fortuitself which
called
now
which
This
I have
symptom
in schizophrenia
of ego boundaries.
complaint
patients
that
thoughts,
enclosed
in
throughout
neously
tient
his
the
in the
seems
own
head,
but
are
no
longer
to realize
the Wagner-Jauregg
laughter
whenever
thoughts.
when
I had
be familiar
curred
revealed
being
questioned
beenjesting;
she
with
her
would
Lies
fabricated
dren
who
fall
resist
the
the
the
they
period
first
before
year
regular
of
the
life
are
elimination
exists
be formed
of guilt.
to have
secrets
establishing
carrying
symptom
with
are given
subsequently
know
their
to the
out
case
child
and
and
strivwhich
of the most
of the ego,
and
parents
again,
The
from
excluded
is one
in the formation
the
attributed
does
does
not
not
educators
the
yet
yet
know
content
that
to them,
the patients
from
their
belief
that
thoughts.
This
infantile
must
impressions
be
origi-
nating
in an earlier
period
in life, when
the
child
knows
nothing
through
its own efforts
but obtains
all its knowledge
from
others:
its language,
its
how to make
use of its limbs,
thoughts.
At that period
all is given
to the
child,
all joy and all sorrow,
and it is difficult
to evaluate
what share
the child
itself has in
oc-
first
may
feeling
in which
the
right
to privacy
that
others
is a
had
beI must
since
right
in
thoughts
deduce
for a long
that
belief
everything.5
The
into
in
knew
the
doubt
the
not
individpatient
in
she
for
this period,
sense
this
in gay
for her
that
thoughts,
at the same
We are familiar
This
he
by the
ones
served
spread
Clinic
indulged
she was asked
Catamnesis
while
lieved
with
conception
caused
especially
simultaThe pathat
separate
psychical
entity,
an ego
ual boundaries.
A sixteen-year-old
this
now
the parents
are
powerful
factors
named
is the
world
and
occur
heads
of all persons.
lying,
ing
to a symp-
everyone
knows
that his thoughts
are
a strong
thing,
even its most secret
thoughts.
Later on,
in the event
that the child
has been
caught
in
or
brings
into immediate
harmony
both
interpretations
of the influencing
apparatus.
This
problem
will be touched
upon
again
towards
the
in which
that
others
know
of the childs
thoughts.
Until
the child
has been
successful
in its first
lie, the parents
are supposed
to know
every-
sur-
hypothesis
and that
improbable
worthless,
since
their
content
each
leads to quite
a different
nately,
another
theory
suggests
of thinking,
be
or
MACHINE
accomplishments.6
its
that
it is able
successful
nothing
lie,
unusual;
of bodily
which
they
wastes
when,
The
sudden
to accomplish
can
occurs
be
by means
discovery
a task
very
early
observed
without
in
infancy.
especially
in
of grimaces,
the
chil-
gestures
and
inarticulated
words, they mislead
the training
person
into believing
that they have had satisfactory
evacuation.
The educator
who allows herself to be deceived
by the child must ultimately
look to divine guidance
in order to keep the child within the truth, when the latter, to gain forbidden
pleasure, begins to enjoy the practice
of lying. Very soon the time arrives when recourse
to the highest
authority
of omniscience
becomes
necessary.
The introduction
of the omniscient
God
in the educational system becomes,
indeed,
a necessity,
since, de facto, children
learn to lie from parents
and
upbringers,
disguise
transfer
The
him.
who
by misrepresentations
and
incomprehensible
Nevertheless,
nature
many
children
with regard
to his omniscience,
tom of the dethroned
parental,
of
unkept
to safeguard
to
this
do
God-an
deity
not
promises
precludes
submit
the
even
VOLUME
make
the
child
obey
and
teach
him
1 #{149}
NUMBER
to
possibility
this
actually
power.
2 #{149}
SPRING
authority,
succeed
1992
of practicing
continually
in unmasking
deception
test
him
on
God
as a phan-
their
to
195
TAUSK
help
great
of others
is greeted
by the child
deal
of surprise
and excitement
probable,
therefore,
that
sents
a regression
infancy.
But this
presents
a problem:
What
causes
symptom
particular
period
How
the
a reaction
aries,
and
this
to this
special
far
formation
back
ego
begins
to take
form
termed
repre-
does
and,
not
the
independent
is established
possible
that
have
a greater
rate,
time
upon
ment
of this awareness
nourished.
To be sure,
soon
take
on
a special
no objects
of the
that
outer
exist,
there
is no realization
that
At that period
there
nevertheless
desires
obtain
and
drives,
mastery
over
This
precedes
recognized
became
to
the
evident
neurotics,
in
of objects
of pleasure,
him
and
a specific
urge
whatever
stimulates
The
whom
the
the
analysis
inability
to
outer
world;
world
an
he has
not
found
and, therefore,
adequate
ego
to
the
char-
from
which
the
stimulus
emanates
and
sensory
response.
The next
stage
that
of an outward
projection
and
tant
the attributing
object,
hence
of this stimulus
to a disa stage
of distancing
and
of development
of the
is then
of the
intellect,
and
stimulus
along
with
guard
kind
to this psychical
achievement,
and as a
of critical
authority
for objectivation
there
is evolved
of distinguishing
jectivity,
and
to
to
enables
the
at the same
time the faculty
between
objectivity
and suban awareness
of reality,
which
individual
experiences
uli-in
other
identification
with the objects.
The neuhimself
simply
stands
for what attracts
in the
espe-
have
led
organization
the
of
obtain
of gratification
or
was seen to be due
Obser-
of psychical
developperiod,
and that, at any
organization
must
be con-
libido
objectivation
developmental
from
world.
considerations,
this a transfer
of libido
to the discovered,
or
rather,
self-created,
outer
world.
As a safe-
possession
reach
goals
their
rotic
has
exist
is observable.
stage that
has been
and
one
this
object
which
therefore
an ego.
sex organs
to be
will
significance
other
own
and
develop-
than
the drive
the sex instincts
the
of the
theoretical
cases
sidered
a correlate,
if not a cause,
of the
objectlessness.
This organization
of libido
corresponds
also to the stage
of intellectual
development
in which
the person
considers
all the sensory
stimuli
he receives
as endoge-
of the infants
drives
and
only
gradually.
It is
the sex instincts
should
influence
objects
and
in such
the neurotics
to his own ego
acterizes
the beginning
ment,
the objectless
of object
finding.
The latter
comes
with gratification
and
renunciation
of instinctual
drives,
whereas
an awareness
of the outer
world,
desires,
hardly
libido
cially
those
of Freud,
assumption
that this libido
boundof in-
than
The
directed
towards
it is attached
to the
vations
as
psychical
unit?
assume
that the
earlier
narcissistic.
has been
personality;
it go?
ego
world,
the ego
the realization
dividuality,
of self, as a distinct
Theoretically
we cannot
stunted,
exclusively
libidinal
relationships.
This peculiar
organization
of libido
has been
a
is
stage
of
of infancy
of the
to the outer
what arouses
with
It
to recognize
as distinct
from
words,
to regard
the
his inner
outer
stiminner
experi-
ences
as internal
and not to confuse
them
with
the objects
of sensory
response.
This
correlative
developmental
process,
however,
his
is unin his
is apt
to
meet
with
inhibitions.
Freud
emphasized
There
are
In
the
discussion
infants
conception
Having
obtained
the
and,
childs
along
feeling
with
of
its
this
paper
that
others
language
that
it, his
others
thoughts,
JOURNAL
at
the
knew
from
know
has,
Vienna
Psychoanalytic
thoughts
others,
the
its
his
thoughts
therefore,
OF PSCHOTHERAPY
Society,
has
as well
some
also
as that
basis
PRACTICE
in
in the process
received
others
thoughts
made
reality.
AND
RESEARCH
that
of learning
from
him
the
the
to speak.
them;
language
and
196
INFLUENCING
inhibitions
from
say, from
the
is the
the intellectual
side,
chief
there
ego-the
intellect-and
ego
to the
libido.
of libido
in
and with varithe relation
of
These
points
paranoia
or as we
weapon
of which
are inhibitions
of inhibi-
fixation-points.
causes
ego
dis-
to lie in lesions
of the libido.
from
Freuds
interpretation
is a reaction
to repressed
homosexual
libido
recognized
remaining
sive
organization,
as originating
within.
measure
projection
the
ego
nounced
homosexual
with onrushing
force
inal
inhibition
tion
is mistaken
to more
ness
of judgment,
We
may
libido
facing
the
in
caused
ever,
in impaired
internal
psychiand projecone,
that
in
task
weak-
accompanying
case
the
ego
at self-cure
which
tions.
During
various
formations
an insane
cesses
levels
and
ative
inhibition,
development
cases
of libido
of
in which
and
libido.
Howgrad-
primarily,
of
the
individual.
inhibition
the entire
The
one
VOLUME
may
arise
symptom
types;
and
with
given
of
keep
regard
to
moment
re-
In considering
instinctual
drives
in mind
forpro-
that
we
must
con-
all inhibited
drives
are capable
of being
transformed
into,
or
being
discharged
as, anxiety.
To quote
Freud,
It may
be said that, in a certain
theoretical
formed
only in order
inevitable
development
to
the
from
Freud
homosexual
that
libido
the
projec-
in paranoia
is
measure
of the
and socially
rep-
rehensible
conscious.
sexual
urge pressing
from the unIs it possible
to regard
the
projection
of the
the
belongs
to the
primarily
patients
of Miss Natalija
Naturally,
the
subserve
intellect
#{149}
NUMBER
learned
the
to be regarded
as a defensive
ego against
an inopportune
case
tion?
as a correl-
endangers
consideration.
inhibitions
stantly
variety
at
outer
develop
ego
there
permanent
clinical
great
regression
careful
quires
of
sive impairment
their
of
have
that
but
itself
insanely.7
that
usually
of the
normally
retreat,
of anxiety.
im-
to the
from
these
develop
all mixed
psychotic
mations.
The existence
of these
partial
tion
psychosis
this
of
an
developed
temporary
or
of different
We
of
have
sense,
symptoms
are
forestall
an otherwise
finds
at adaptation
which,
whenever
there
is a marked
discordance
between
the diseased
and the normal
portions
of the psyche,
abandon
their normal
level and retreat,
for the purpose
of adaptation, to the lower
level of the impaired
func-
ap-
cases
and
and qualiprocess.
The
tempts
functional
disturbance
by means
of compensations
and
overcompensations.
Furthermore,
there
occur
regressions
on the part of
later
life, with a history
of previous
it is not
difficult
to
psychic
health,
that the impairment
of the ego is
by an impairment
in
the
of mastering
hence
behaves
neuropsychoses
which
affective
the
re-
inhibi-
external
marked
organization,
and
In the
pear
relative
observe
an
with
say
the
emerges
Libid-
intellectual
of the psyche
quantitatively
determined
by the morbid
paired
world,
for
or less
and
is a defen-
against
may be manifested
or in insanity.
An
due to displacement
leads
reactions
tatively
to
be
within
libido
that
out of repression.
leads
tion, which
judgment,
cal process
should
from
This
of
an
reof
drives
does not develop
is paralleled
by an arrest
of
the functions
of the other
group
of drives and
by a simultaneous
development
of secondary
relations,
which
are to be regarded
as at-
functions
homo-
sexuality.
The prohibition
against
finding
object
for the homosexual
drive,
which
sults in an inhibition
of the transference
group
of instinctual
normally,
and this
MACHINE
#{149}
SPRING
are
1992
defense
patients
to
be
own
as an
projection
of
own
attributed
body
analogous
would
that
libido
body,
and
to dementia.
in the
situahave to
which
which
197
TAUSK
has become
either
too
portune
in its demands
extensive
for the
able
to tolerate
sary
only
to assume
that this projection
to the libido
of the body and
libido
it as her
of the
over,
tated
psychic
own.
or too
patient
ego,
It is also
mopto be
finding
gression
phenomenon
which
has
neces-
pertains
not to the
as well,
that,
of the
more-
so to speak,
mechanism
ashamed
has been
dealing
with
with
the
a libido
or con-
however,
to
libido
reach
there
the
positions.
is al-
formerly
In paranoia,
re-
demands
The
co#{235}val
at the behest
of the cultural
of the ego.
libido
directed
towards
a persons
intellectual
object
which
position
of the psychic
position
of
effort
onset
compensated
regressions,
an
either
by reof a vestigial
gression
reaches
a stage
when
homosexual
object
choice
has not yet come
under
the
prohibition
of the ego and there
is free homosexual
libido
which
is only later subjected
process
of object
findingto believe
that we are here
beginnings
effectively
uninhibited
of it.
cho-
In
ways
is achieved
persistence
(Resterscheinung-Freud),
for years and up to the
been
illness
cealed.
the libido
of the psychic
ego8 has facilithe defense
against
the bodily
libido
because
it was,
That
a projection
and which
or by the
which
is
to
repression
own
self,
the
ego
tries
to get
rid
of by
The
projection
noia,
the
eration
the
which
out
of the libido
mechanism
the
fact
ego
that
itself
of harmony
Miss
of which
was discovered
ego-libido
is necessarily
represents.
We
with
object-libido
shall
and
ego produces
by Freud.
homosexual
describe
which
the symptoms
In what
in
briefly
one
of simple
we shall
its strivings,
only
is exemplified
follows
that
omit
is, attracted
mechanism,
by the
para-
from
which
considby
the
appears
symptomatology
of our
sex
to
be
patient,
Natalija.
The
and
patient
she
a later
reports:
strike
After
she had
up a friendship
proposal
on his part.
with
What
rejected
her suitor,
his sister-in-law,
appears
here
so that
the
patient
as suggestion
he suggested
might
on the suitors
that
be more
part
her mother
amenable
is nothing
to
more
libidinal
procedure
one,
while
manifesting
in action
the
was
negative
in conformity
with her ego. The choice,
outcome,
may in other
cases be the reverse
one. Here
nism of partial
projection
of ambivalent
tendencies.
A special
contribution
to the subject
of the projection
side,
the
rejection,
because
which
in this instance
has
I am merely
calling
attention
mechanism,
which
also
this
projection
to the
made
as its
mecha-
me aware
of
this principle,
was made by Dr. Helene
Deutsch
in her discussion
of this paper at the Vienna
Psychoanalytic
Society. A schizophrenic
patient
had the feeling
that her friends
always laid down their
work when she herself began to work and that they sat down whenever
she stood up; in brief, that
others were always performing
the opposite
of what she herself was doing. The patient
merely felt
this: she could
not possibly
see it, since she was blind. Dr. Deutsch
regarded
the symptom
as a projection
of one of two tendencies
present
in every one of her patients
actions-namely,
the tendency
to do and the tendency
not to do. This interpretation
was confirmed
by cases presented
by
other
discussers.
On this occasion
Freud
proposed
the formulation
that it is ambivalence
that
makes
the projection
mechanism
possible.
Once
expressed,
this thesis appears
self-evident.
It has a
corollary
in another
contention
of Freuds,
to the effect
that ambivalence
produces
repression.
This has as its natural
consequence
the formulation
mentioned
above,
since only what is repressed
is projected,
in so far as boundaries
between
the unconscious
and the conscious
still obtain.
The
entire
problem
furnishes
special
justification
for Bleulers
term schizophrenia,
and at the same
time
The
P#{246}tzls views
corroborates
present
paper
shows
how,
discussed
below in footnote
14.
albeit unconsciously,
I had been
demonstrating
tion.
JOURNAL
OF PSX HOTHERAPY
PRACTICE
AND RESEARCH
Freuds
formula-
198
INFLUENCING
projecting
its own
teristic
of a period
conflict
with
jects.
This
body,
when
the
demands
period
individuals
still
of other
must
coincide
velopmental
stage
of
object
finding
still
own
the
and
when
the
de-
latter
cathexis.
An
chosen
occur
object
by the
either
found
is
libido.
by
These
be-
simultaneously
the
are
of ones
to be
body
regarded
may,
the outer
world,
and is still groping
for his
hands and feet as though
they were foreign
objects.
At this time,
everything
that
hap-
by outer
later
on
into
objects.
pieced
a unified
These
together
whole
disjecta
and
under
the
membra
are
systematized
supervision
of
that receives
all sensations
of
and pain from these separate parts.
a psychic
unity
pleasure
ceding
upon
projection
stage,
although
two
and
projection
choice
within
I do not
with
as sources
But
viously
narcissism
the
develops;
function
and,
organs
are correct,
Freud
has already
indicated
nia is located
at a stage even
ent route,
contentions.
and I take
the
liberty
this object
in his paper
earlier
than
find-
in object
ones
own
run counter
the
and
all available
VOLUME
depends
has
still to
existence
of
of identification
finding
and
object
body.
to psychoanalytic
in contending
ual comes
into
in which
libido
that
the
individ-
world
as an organic
unity
ego are not yet separated,
libido
is related
to that
or-
being,
simultaneously
reproductive
functions,
performlike the
on the Schreber
autoeroticism.
of presenting
in the
that
the
phases
but must
be regarded
the time when-at
of
foetal
being.
as psychological
an indeterminable
life-cerebral
the
the
I am
of pleasure,
autoeroticism
results.
if the psychoanalytic
theories
preemployed
posi-
development
point
newly
in
accord
of view of libido,
born
child
is a
with
Freuds
assumption
that the individuals
first renunciation
is the renunciation
of the protection
of the mothers
body
imposed
upon
the li-
in accor-
of individual
part
assuming
successive
sexual
ego,
of
libido
identification
then,
these
discovered,
is cathected
libido;
in accordance
with
dance
by a stage
participated
the
the
takes place.
From
we may say that
with
the available
the psychic
nature
be
by
to assume
two succesand projection.9
which
of the
preceded
can
only
a narcissistic
postulated
be discovered.
and
which
world
finding
within
ones
own
organs
then,
be the second
phase
of the pre-
conceptions
then,
be traced
back to the developmental
stage in
which
ones own body is the goal of the object
finding.
This
must
be the time
when
the
infant
is discovering
his body,
part by part, as
be
with
I am,
may
or in sequence,
they
The
object
would,
intellect,
processes
must
identification
is
tween
object
choice
and object
finding.
By
the former,
I mean
only libidinal
cathexis;
by
the latter,
the intellectual
awareness
of this
and
own organs,
of the outer
which
the
of the outer
world.
differentiating
ones
as parts
projection,
love-ob-
with
the psyche
in
occurs
within
body,
regarded
as part
I am intentionally
ing within
regarded
naturally,
is characit was still free from
MACHINE
biography,
that the libido
in schizophreat the same conclusion
by a differI arrive
#{149}
NUMBER
by that expression
of
However,
once this first
no discontent
arises
to
2 #{149}
SPRING
of the correctness
1992
of Freuds
199
TAUSK
bring
the infant
into
with the environment,
session
of the
of his own
outer
world,
nourishment
stant struggle
and
pos-
in various
knows
nothing
that part of the
and
regeneration.
centering
about
degrees
stinctual
in relation
drives;
to various
it concerns
homo
in-
-and
het-
world which
he will soon discover
within
himself. It is this stage
of identity
that precedes
ero-sexuality
vokes
various
reactions,
compensations,
perstructures
and
eliminations.
secondary
psychical
formations
then
suThese
enter
ity which
may be called
identification,
but is
present
from the beginning.
Nevertheless
the
result
is the same
as in actively
established
again
insolu-
ble dynamic,
qualitative,
relative
and modal
relations,
resulting
in a great
variety
of char-
identity-absolute
acter
types
both
of the
self-satisfaction,
no
different
outer
world,
no objects.
Let us designate
this stage
as the innate narcissistic one. In this situation
the libido
is directed
outward,
first cathects
the subjects
own body by the indirect
way of
projection,
and returns
by way of self-discovery
to the
ego.
undergone
influence
In the
a decided
of these
which
again
one may
cathected
stage,
acquired
meantime,
the
alteration
first
psychic
and
us
The
attached
for
and
their
functions,
flict
with
the
development
anxiety
and
aegis
various
which,
judgment,
of all the
faculties
all time
and
organs
is in constant
further
narcissism
on it.
normally
to the
stages
have
been
understand
velops
with
tic libido
existence
recognize
are
primary,
development
or in their
far
as
relation
arrested
at as many
to
and may
points
as
tertiary
of that
psychical
stage
and
inof
when
the
was endeavoring
means
of projection.
to discover
It would
much
just
to
normal
say
that
primary
as the
(etc.)
individual
his body by
not be too
projection
development
an accumulation
OF PS HOTHERAPY
in
pro-
libido-so
secondary,
veloped
grad-
position,
that man in his struggle
for
is constantly
compelled
to find and
himself
anew,
and that the acquisi-
JOURNAL
alone
outer
stimuli,
takes place
tion of narcissism
is immanent
in culture
is conceivable
only on the basis of intact
born
narcissism
that
serves
as a source
either
The
of the
tack
of
projection
since
these
are
the
to the greatest
difficulrelation
to the environwe must
definitely
that throughout
constant
shiftings
and
each
other-may
become
set up goals of regression
there
produce
symptoms.
ego
of
the
ually acquired
in the meantime.
The struggle
is carried
on, at first, chiefly
in the sphere
of
excretory
functions
and
of the autoerotic
sources
of pleasure,
spheres that give rise
ties in the individuals
ment.
Nevertheless,
concerns
and
and
cessful
position
with
the assistance
take place
under
that
combination
ego
conof
into
component
times,
and
this
finds
every libido
at different
degrees
factors
of relationship
and development
The
entire
problem
is further
complicated
by the
elements
of time
and
space
and
so made
is now
call
latter
considerable
quantity
of innate
already
present
and is superimposed
The condition
of innate
narcissism
remains
has
under
the
stirrings,
call experience,
by libido.
Let
narcissism.
ego
and
This
conself occurs
the
has
in
been
because
the innate
narcissistic
had to be renounced
under
analogous
to the
so also
because
libido
the at-
pathological
there
has
of narcissistic
primary
suc-
de-
libido
narcissism,
though
here anachronistic,
regressive
or fixated,
but
resembling
it in character
in so far as it isolates
the individual
from
the outer
world.
Hence,
projection
of ones own body may be
regarded
as a defense
against
a libido
position
corresponding
tence
and
the
development.
Freud,
tated
to declare,
that psychological
back
to the
end
beginning
of
indeed,
PRACTICE
exis-
extrauterine
has
not
hesi-
in his Introdudoty
Lectures,
problems
are to be traced
to intrauterine
existence.
These
considerations
may
starting
point
schizophrenic
of foetal
be
used
as a
AND RESEARCH
200
INFLUENCING
cerea, corresponds
man senses
belonging
to
as
as
being
dominated
by an outside
force?
A simis the
symptom
of having
ones
ilar instance
limbs moved
by someone.
This symptom
re-
but even
produces
world
which
especially
ones
own
so to speak,
part
by outer
forces.
well
body
the
of an outer
May we not
stupor,
which
represents
tion
of the outer
world,
uterus?
May
not
these
symptoms
that
be the
has given
and
foetal
and
use in the
nursing
present
symptom,
phrenic,
the
of a psyche
most
primitive
ego
in toto to
retreated
the negativistic
is nothing
else
outer
world
guage.
Does
the terminal
cate
world dominated
say that catatonic
refuge
the
such
The
expressed
in organ
boundaries,
is the
feeling
that
are subjected,
they
of the
into
are
ego.
the
of being
the outer
accounted
among
Thoughts
must
consciousness
perceptions.
is a later
the
first be
of ego-
Freud
has taught
that this,
process,
and that it is preceded
the stage
of hallucinations
tures,
that is, a stage
when
too,
by
of memory
picthe perceptions
actually
appear
in the outer world and are not
regarded
as internal
occurrences.
Moreover,
this stage of hallucinatory
perceptions,
in itself representing
a kind of objectivation,
object finding
and object
choice,
also belongs
first
course,
faculties
thinking
period
of life.
The
regression,
of
but
the
nursing
thinking
libido
is already
degraded
ness of personality
has been lost,
is shown
in the patients
inability
intact
psychical
inventory.
The
everyone
as already
process
from
unity
before
they can be an automatic
egofunction;
and this cannot
occur
before
the
intellect
has advanced
to the stage of memory
tact,
cerea
before
to the
lan-
a regression
to infancy?0
psychic
correlate
of fiexibilitas
thoughts
and,
stages,
because
it cannot
state of its libido
even the
ego functions
that maintain
the reto the outer
world?
The
catatonic
simplest
lation
of the
has
in
strange
a complete
rejecis a return
to the
severest
catatonic
ultimate
up even
functions
situation
becomes
MACHINE
to the
with the
conscious-
Many
patients
ter, though,
coming
are
actually
younger
and
aware
only as a threat
a baby
smaller.
of this
of further
Now
regression
illness.
I am
four
during
the discussion
who wet and soiled
to
infancy
A patient
years
old.
and
to
said to me:
Shortly,
of this paper,
her bed and
I shall
the
embryonic
I feel that
get
into
I am
stage-the
lat-
constantly
be-
diapers
reported
the case of
stated as her justification
and
then
a thirty-one-year-
that
they were
of her.
VOLUME
1#{149}
NUMBER
#{149}
SPRING
1992
201
TAUSK
new
ego-boundaries
world,
and
fore
set up against
the
his libido
is now compelled
to renounce
ject
the
the
normal
depend
psyches
ceptions.
upon
ability
This
regression.
nates.
stage
the
In this
knows
world,
has
psyche
may
seeing
represent
in
planes
development
of the
than the hallucinatory
attributed
to the
to the
great
ally
the
die
dependence
of
narcisorganic
uncon-
functioning
of the organnew in calling
attention
of physical
halluci-
behind
the
no longer
not
perhaps
loved.
to the
a broken
of
still
Freud
tells
succumbed
continuance
picture
a stage
visual
sense
stage?
outer
The
We
the
through
stance
earlier
health,
what is called
that one can
heart,
and
love
actu-
that,
as
on Great Men,
often die soon
of a famous
musician
to his illness
because
of his creative
work.
must
the
assume
entire
(Freuds
that
body,
view),
the
dis-
libido
perhaps
and
who
of the
flows
like
that
the
a subintegra-
5
I have
stated
and self-choice
and
patient
approaching
is
libido
that,
and judgrejected,
the
a relation
to the
of identification.
mothers
womb.
Furthermore,
effect,
Oswald
mentions
in his book
university professors emeritus
retreated
the intellect
how to establish
even by means
to this
with memory
pertoo,
may
undergo
case
The
libido
of identification,
of
with
scious
the unity and
ism. There
is nothing
ob-
intactness
to operate
faculty,
ego,
relations
in so far as these
depend
upon
degraded
libido
position.
These feelings and this mode
of expres-
sion
of the
the guidance
of conscience
each new acquisition
is either
or cathected
outer
there-
intellectual
acquisition
under
ment,
that
narcissistic
repeat
themselves
self-discovery
with every
ject
libido.2
Upon
resistance
to illness
this tonus
depends
the
and death.
Love of life has
discussion
of this subject,
see Freud:
Metapsychologische
Ergdnzung
zur Traumlehre.
Int.
f. Psa. VI, 1916/1917.
(Translated
in Coil. Papers IV, 137-152.)
This work appeared
while
the present
paper was in proofs. I am pleased
to be able to refer to the many points of agreement
For
further
Ztschr.
my contentions
and
Freuds
in his paper,
of which
I had no knowledge
at the time.
Melancholia
is the illness,
the mechanism
of which consists
in the disintegration
of psychic narcissism, in the renunciation
of love for the psychic ego. Melancholia,
in pure culture,
is the paradigm
of the dependence
of the organic
upon the psychic narcissism.
The separation
of libido from the
psychic
ego, i.e., the rejection
and condemnation
of the raison
d#{234}tre
of the psychic person,
brings
with
it the
rejection
of the
physical
person,
the
tendency
to physical
self-destruction.
There
occurs
a consecutive
separation
of the libido from those organs which guarantee
the functioning
and
the
value of the physical
individuality,
a separation
by means of which the organs
function
is impaired
or given up. Hence
appetite
is lost, constipation
occurs,
menstruation
ceases,
and potency
is lostall as a result
of unconscious
mechanisms.
of the respective
organic
libido
positions
thus
to
be
fusal
of nourishment
Melancholia
strictly
differentiated
is
from
or in activities
the
persecution
JOURNAL
This
which
the
are
conscious,
inimical
psychosis
failure
of function
essentially
deliberate
is to be traced
vegetative,
suicidal
i.e.,
to the
unconscious;
tendency
destruction
it is
expressed
in
to life.
without
OF PSit HOTHERAPY
projection;
PRACTICE
its
AND
structure
RESEARCH
is due
to
specific
re-
202
INFLUENCING
saved
sicians
many
a man
who
as incurable.
Whenever
there
garlic
narcissism
predilection,3
sciousness
functions
was
given
occurs
to a given
there
may
an
up
by phy-
influx
of or-
and vegetative
role. Analcathected
by psychic
narcis
sism
love
and
object
mechanism
gen aufGntnd
XXXVIII,
,3Coil.
come
the cathexis
Papers
to
organ
or
estrangement.
and
organic
are relegated
to an unconscious
ogously,
objects
This
influx
its
that
tions;
from
with
the
the
of
the organ
libido,
or
This
turning
a defensive
of
deinaway
pathologically
from
its func-
is, by estraflgement 4
considered
di-
provides
functions,
i.e., the feeling
This
is the mechanism
of the ego
-overcharged
a sufficient
of libido
to the organ
and
of a transformation
scribed
by Freud
as hypochondria.
flux oflibido
is followed
by the
consciousness
has reached
of strength.
rects attention
consciousness
organ
as a site of
also occur
a con-
of organ
relations
which
in normal
life
wherever
degree
MACHINE
This
measure
is to be
against
the
of identification.
(Further
discussion
on this point in my paper Diagnostische
ErUrterunder Zustandthilder
der sogen. Krzegspsychosen.
Wiener
med. Wochenschrift
XXXVII[translated
1916. While this paper was in proof, Freuds
article Trauer and Melancholie
IV, 152-173]
appeared,
to which I refer in connection.)
This involves
zones.
the Freudian
principle
of the erotogenicity
of organs,
that
Dr. Otto
with
P#{244}tzl
suggested
a thesis
of his own
pression
volition
formed.
of the patients
into agonistic
(In Meyrincks
to move
legs.)
a limb
P#{244}tzls conception
the
on a certain
occasion
or as an addendum
(I do not remember
to theories
of others)
whether
that
the
it was in connection
catatonic
stare
is an ex-
to apportion
his motor impulses
disintegrated
by the split of his
and
antagonistic
elements,
so that a purposeful
action may again be perderKr#{220}Ie[lhe
Curse ofthe
Toad],
the milliped
is unable
story, DerFiuch
moment
he focusses
his attention
upon
the activity
of any one of his thousand
is in
inability
harmony
with
the
psychoanalytic
theory
that
the
regressive
narcissistic
ii-
bido undergoes
a pathological
division with the cathexis
of the individual
functions
of the psyche
and the organs so that the agonistic
and antagonistic
portions
of the purposefully
directed
antithetical pair of forces are brought
into the reach of awareness
by the disturbance
of the equilibrium
belibido quantities
and are deprived
of automatic
functioning.
This would be a
tween their respective
special
case of hypochondria
and estrangement
related
to the antithetical
pairs of forces
with their
respective
specific consequences.
P#{244}tzls view
does not contradict
the assumption
that the outer world may be eliminated
as a reallows the application
of the theory of
sult of regressive
narcissistic
libido, and it actually
hypochondria
to further
special points in the psycho-physical
make-up
of men. Potzls concept
even
able
suggests
the hypothesis
that there
was in the
one, it is true, and perhaps
only potential-in
life of man
a period-a
not
definitely
determin-
which
proceed
to an explanation
of the mysterious
electrical
currents
complained
of by patients.
This
paraethesia
may once have been a sensation
that accompanied
the first nerve and muscle functions. It is perhaps
a reminiscence
of the sensation
of the newly born
being
who enters the strange
air of the external
world out of the comfortable
covering
of the mothers
womb, or for whom the
VOLUME
#{149}
NUMBER
#{149}
SPRING
1992
203
TAUSK
anxiety
feeling
associated
of
libidinal
with
is
cathexis,
cerns
objects
body,
or
ment
does
its
no
of the
may
against
whether
world,
2.
it conones
own
course,
the estrangethe giving
up of the
libido
position.
The
a destructive
force
but
be very
duced
The
defense
matter
of the pathological
of the ostrich
which
outer
parts.
Of
not cause
unconscious
ment
is not
denial
instance
hypochondria.
strangeness
easily
it is an
the ego,
projected
on to the
reversal
of direction,
3.
the
loving
form
of
one
(the
a sense
patient
of
become
enemies.
The
more
energetic
attempt
esthe
object
in the
rejected
unconscious
libido.
The
narcissistic
organ
libido
in schizophrenia
may undergo
a similar
transformation. The estranged
organ-in
our case, the
1.
The
sense
of internal
These
psychological
to distinguish
history
of the
alteration
latter
is replaced
by its first
,5the patients
consciousness
as a
is to
functions
and
functions
ac-
ego.
of persecution
(paranoia
from projection
of
alteration
on to the
construction
be noted
The
into
of the
that
of the
word
ation.
sient
take
of the alpower,
(b)
influencing
among
these
precedence
assumption
specific
of
an
organs
in the
influx
organs
in the
physiological
should
receive
proper
On the
swellings
of
as equivalents
of erection,
erections
of the penis and
flow
of secretion
resulting
pro-
libido
sense
consider-
schizophrenia
without
without
an actual
oedema
charging
pro-
or their
organs
the genitals
jection.
the
are, then,
compelled
three
principal
stages
in the
influencing
machine:
sense
produced
pathologi-
machine
as a summation
of some or all
of the pathologically
altered
organs
(the whole
body)
projected
outward.
It
enmity
is a new and
at protection
against
We
The
denied
and eliminated
alien to the wholly
or par-
by the
by the
Strangers
entire
body-appears
as an outer
enemy,
machine
used to afflict
the patient.
sound
into
outer
world,
(a) by attribution
teration
to a foreign
hostile
of
himself)
persecution.
organs
altered
so to speak
somatica)
arising
the pathological
is
cally
cepted
and which
must ultimately
be supplanted
by
other
or more
effective
measures
of defense.
When,
in paranoia,
the feeling
trangement
no longer
affords
protection,
libidinal
drive towards
the homosexual
of estrangement
whereby
the
tially
of libido
The feeling
by rejection,
are
ad absurdum,
reduced
influx
(hypochondria).
as something
estrangemerely
cathexis;
tactics
of
by the
given organ
tranin
inflammation
and
may be interpreted
produced
like
clitoris
by an overfrom
libidinal
of organs.5
garments.
The bed he first lay in, is perhaps
that one which
comes
to
when
he feels himself,
while lying in bed, electrified
by invisible
wires.
assumptions
are
strongly
supported
from
the
organological
standpoint
by
a re-
made
Homosexuality
some
years
by Exchange
of Puberty
Glands),
Steinach
and Lichtenstern,
which realized
there also appeared
in the Internationale
Ferenczi,
Von Krankheitsund Pathoneurosen
Theory and Technique
of Psychoanalysis
bidinal
cathexis
of individual
organs
ble success.
the
JOURNAL
a very
interesting
and
significant
these expectations.
After
the completion
Zeitschrift
f. #{227}rztl.
Psa. Volume
IV, 1917,
(Diseaseor Patho-Neuroses,
in Further
, p.78-89,
in the
sense
OF PS HOTHERAPY
London,
above
1926)
described
PRACTICE
in which
appears
AND RESEARCH
article by
of this paper
an article by S.
Contributions
the assumption
to be applied
to
204
INFLUENCING
these
is
the hostile
appawho to an objec-
ratus
tive
observer
cannot
objects-suitors,
persons
deal with
are
the
to
occurs
in normal
appear
with
demand
themselves.
This
too
love
sensuousness,
a transfer
But
the
strongly
of
another
patients
the
group
present
of love objects-mother,
physician,
close
family-are
patients
not
persecutors
counted
but
narcissis-
knowledgment
mand
for
can-
cuted,
compelled
to share
subjected
to the influencing
trast to paranoia,
persecutors
are
spiracy,
and
among
closest
cluding
who
performed.
cannot
normal
simply
give
way, because
are
and-in-
of their
presence
from
the
up the
To
in my
to
task,
ac-
separatlibido;
it
withdraw
only
to
un-
however,
demanding
react with
demanding
the
not
the
know
influencing
observations
as an
the
To have
patient,
I do
work
felt
those
subare,
position
as a dealso
holds
for
object.
Our
up
identification.
persons
are
persecutors
for
is a difficult
normally.
with
passive
following
is
demand
ultimately
give
at a distance
is of
the
people
and
willingly
because
leads
themselves
them
their
and
par distance
of an object
self-denial.
This
the
in being
In con-
with
libido
It
These
as enemies.
The fact that
spatially
distant
evokes
a
on the part of the libido.
strong
love
imagoes
of the
and hence
also family
members-repa kind
of constantly
present
family.
the family
members
are those
love ob-
jects
even
as hostile.
suitors.
position
object
of libido
the
of
perse-
and
conditions.
Spatial
distance
beloved
threatens
the object
from her
mechanism
circle
of acquaintanceship
the physicians
who are
father
resent
Now,
normal
ing the
conspiracy
nature.
Of this phenomenon
explanation
may be offered:
It is noteworthy
that the
all persons
who
patient,
whereas
the
his fate
machine.
the persecuted
organized
into
this
friends
among
transfer
The
them
lovers
therefore,
repulsed
these
persons
are
feeling
of distance
extraordinarily
fixated,
to regard
a narcissistic
demands
for
actually
and
with
threaten
stantial
All these
is what
situations.
whenever
as
physicians.
associated
body, and
libido
tic libido,
but
lovers,
objects
different
MACHINE
much
paranoid
less, only
why
the
machine
exclusively
male.
This
observation
or to chance.
must clarify
this point.
However,
that heterosexual
objects
can
pear
as persecutors
in contradiction
Freuds
theory
of the exclusively
homosexual
genesis
of paranoia,
may
fact
that
the
influencing
sponds
to a regressive
the important
distinction
be explained
machine
psychic
is not
apto
by the
corre-
stage in which
between
the
beginning
of the patients
life are subjected
to the narcissistic
object
choice
by identification. To these persons
our patient
still applies
sexes
but between
narcissistic
and object
libido,
and every object
demanding
a transfer
of libido
is regarded
as hostile
irrespective
of
this
its sex.
form
subjects
herself
transfer
the
of
object
them
to
with them.
of libido
family
is not
choice
her
own
Normally,
with respect
felt
either
in
so
fate,
far
as she
identifying
the demand
to members
as requiring
for
of
the
overcoming
of any great
distance
or any substantial
sacrifice
of narcissism.
In establishing
an identification
with these
persons
the patient follows
a well-trodden
path,
which
does
not appear
sufficiently
to force
her to revolt
inimical
against
to the patient
the cathexis
of
VOLUME
1.
NUMBER
nary,
clinically
in
typical
its
patients
body,
Natalija.
The
2 #{149}
SPRING
1992
familiar,
form can
as was
answer
influencing
be a projection
true
should
in the
not
machine
of the
case of Miss
be difficult
205
TAUSK
to discover.
the machine
sive
substitutions
idea
of his
alopex)6
of the
own
and
genitality
of
picture
if we make
of the
lished,
chine,
parts
body
Fuchs
instead
aus
of the
as previously
to explain
the typical
we may avail ourselves
estab-
influencing
maof the following
The
regression
of libido
entire
entire
body
body
found
in
cases
of
fantasy
originates
(mothers
content
of
pletely
into
refusing
satisfaction.
case
tion
stage,
narcissistically
extremely
observed
genital
strongly
such
the
from
cases.
to content
himself
with
The
entire
individual
a penis.
with the
Further,
father
is overdetermined
of male
conceived
narcissistic
the road
(the penis
in the
The
The
paratus
represents
now
which
N. The
perhaps
during
construction
intrauterine
with mother
dome-like
lid
represented
pregnancy.
the
The
en-
came,
of the
influencing
ap-
in the form
of a machine
therefore
a projection
of the entire
body,
wholly
The
nothing
any lesser
is in this
raised
a genital.
in no
in dreams
is
of the genital
way
contradicts
the
possibility
that it is in schizophrenia
a symbol
of the entire
body conceived
as a penis,
and
symptom
of Miss
stage.
usually
has the
to creep
comhe
neu-
intrauterine
which
machine
mother
geni-
sition
that the person
feels himself
to be a
genital,
and
this all the more
because
the
machines
lack
of genitalia
stands
for the
pregenital-in
a certain
sense,
non-genital
the
infantile,
complex
and
mans
desire
the
in-
in which
encing
trunk
The
closed
batteries
are perhaps
the child,
which
is the patient
herself.
The fact that the child
is equated
with the batteries,
that is, with a
machine,
lends further
support
to the suppo-
zone-in
which
the
Such fantasies
are also
in
body)
the
early
impotence.
fantasy
probably
patients
the re-transformagenitally
centralized
is a libidinal
is a genital.
cathected,
sexually
rosis. I have myself
to the
genital
is renounced.7
by the lack
of the
considerations:
fantile
stage
determines
tion of the meanwhile
libido
into
the pregenital
with
tal, too,
revealed
patients
(wei
use,
machine,
the
associated
hence
formation
a representative
epoch.
The
patient
ideational
content
patients.
The symptom
is also to be
as regression
to a stage
of diffuse
organ
libido
and is in most cases
of
the
pregenital
has indeed
not
of his past life. The
of the genital
as a representation
has been retained
in the psychical
lost the
picture
of sexuality
apparatus.
16
Like
fox
,7together
from
alopex-a
of rhyming
student
and
nearly
parody
rhyming
on
etymological
derivations
consisting
of
the
stringing
words.-T.Ns ToR
This renunciation
of the genitalia
is felt by the male schizophrenic
as a loss of virility,
which
is
off from
him, or else as a direct
transformation
into a woman,
corresponding
to the indrained
fantile
notion
of boys that there
is only one kind of genital,
namely
their own, and that those
of
women
are the result
of castration
and really represent
a loss of the genital.
The castration
complex
is often
combined
with the infantile
identification
of semen
with urine
resulting
from ureanxiety
while catheterizing
a schizophrenic
thral eroticism.
I have observed
an attack
of castration
who refused
to empty
his bladder.
He maintained
that I was practicing
coitus
with him by means
of
the catheter
and that I had emptied
him of all his semen.
Thus
his retention
of urine
appears
as a
inhibited
by the
thought
that
the
excreta
are
nothing
else
the
body
from
is explicable
Coprophagia
which
they
come.
18
The
dream
proof
of this
identification
of the woman
without
JOURNAL
derived
a head,
from
footnote
OF PS\t HOTHERAPY
symbolic
has already
language
4 above.
PRACTICE
AND
RESEARCH
been
given
in the
is
206
INFLUENCING
It is therefore
used
a mode
tion,
which
as a means
of
phenomena
means
Here
the
of
uality
older
than
means
of
social
a language
prior
to
then,
is in the
nothing
the
symbolism
expression.
language
but:
and
than
The
picture,
of the
I am
later
suited
to the
It is possible
that
apparatus
owes
its
early
stages
actual
in
existence
were
the
libido
the
But
simply
not
of
to
by observers
and
or not recognized
stages.
Thus
the
not
This
the
test
lan-
machine
fact
that
its
bepreIt
not
gradually,
seized
too
of existence.
stages
were
reported
by the
and evaluated
as
connection
between
the influencing
apparatus
of Miss N. and
ordinary
influencing
machine
has been
to science.
But the contradiction
between
the
chine
inated
the
one
hand,
influencing
apparatus
projection
of
the
that
body,
hand,
that the machine
ing apparatus
represents,
a dream,
abolished.
the
apparatus
that
into
corresponds
maorigof the
represents
and,
on
the
the
other
a projection
of the genitalia,
The evolution
by distortion
human
tion
that
apparatus
distortions
a machine
to the
is now
of the
is a projec-
development
of
the pathological
process
which
converts
the
ego
into
a diffuse
sexual
being,
or-expressed
in the language
of the genital
pe-
influencthe
the
formed
the
conditions.
ordinary
form
any
genital
sexuality.
context
is, I am wholly
a genital.
has of course
to be translated
into
ing
in
this
expression
are
communicated.
genital
is merely
a symbol
of a sex-
period
guage
concepts-on
of representa-
expression,
existing
MACHINE
the
lost
two
riod-into
of the
a genital,
aims
of the
a machine
ego
and
independent
subordinated
foreign
will.9 It is no longer
subordinated
the will of the ego, but dominates
it.
too,
we are
reminded
boys when
they
time of erection.
tion is shortly
and mysterious
that erection
is
of the ego,
a
completely
of the
to a
to
Here,
astonishment
of
become
aware
for the first
And the fact that the erecconceived
as an exceptional
feat, supports
the assumption
felt to be a thing
independent
part
of the outer
world
not
mastered.
Indeed,
scious
its
the machines
produced
by mans
projections
of mans
bodily
structure.
relation
ingenuity
Mans
and created
in the image
of man are unconingenuity
seems
to be unable
to free itself from
to the unconscious.
VOLUME
#{149}
NUMBER
2 #{149}
SPRING
1992