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    Lecture - 1 Diffusion & Dissolution

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    Ashique Farhad
    Diffusion and dissolution are important mass transfer processes. Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration driven by random molecular motion. It is described by Fick's laws of diffusion. Dissolution is the process where solute molecules transfer from a solid to liquid solution. There are several theories that describe dissolution including the diffusion layer model. For oral dosage forms to dissolve, they often must first disintegrate in the gastrointestinal fluids, with disintegration increasing the surface area available for dissolution. Tablets and capsules may disintegrate directly while granules first need to disaggregate before dissolving.

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    Lecture - 1 Diffusion & Dissolution

    Uploaded by

    Ashique Farhad
    252 views10 pages
    Diffusion and dissolution are important mass transfer processes. Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration driven by random molecular motion. It is described by Fick's laws of diffusion. Dissolution is the process where solute molecules transfer from a solid to liquid solution. There are several theories that describe dissolution including the diffusion layer model. For oral dosage forms to dissolve, they often must first disintegrate in the gastrointestinal fluids, with disintegration increasing the surface area available for dissolution. Tablets and capsules may disintegrate directly while granules first need to disaggregate before dissolving.

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    Diffusion and dissolution are important mass transfer processes. Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration driven by random molecular motion. It is described by Fick's laws of diffusion. Dissolution is the process where solute molecules transfer from a solid to liquid solution. There are several theories that describe dissolution including the diffusion layer model. For oral dosage forms to dissolve, they often must first disintegrate in the gastrointestinal fluids, with disintegration increasing the surface area available for dissolution. Tablets and capsules may disintegrate directly while granules first need to disaggregate before dissolving.

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    252 views10 pages

    Lecture - 1 Diffusion & Dissolution

    Uploaded by

    Ashique Farhad
    Diffusion and dissolution are important mass transfer processes. Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration driven by random molecular motion. It is described by Fick's laws of diffusion. Dissolution is the process where solute molecules transfer from a solid to liquid solution. There are several theories that describe dissolution including the diffusion layer model. For oral dosage forms to dissolve, they often must first disintegrate in the gastrointestinal fluids, with disintegration increasing the surface area available for dissolution. Tablets and capsules may disintegrate directly while granules first need to disaggregate before dissolving.

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    of 10

    DIFFUSION &

    DISSOLUTION
    Reference:
    Martins Physical Pharmacy
    &
    Aultons Pharmaceutics

    Diffusion is defined as the spontaneous process of


    mass transfer of individual molecules of a substance
    brought about by random molecular motion and
    associated with a driving force such as a
    concentration gradient.

    Ficks Laws of Diffusion

    Large values of D correspond to fast diffusion. The diffusion coefficient depends both on
    what is diffusing and on the medium in which it is diffusing.
    The diffusion coefficient, D does not ordinarily remain constant. D is affected by
    concentration, temperature, pressure, solvent properties, and the chemical nature of the
    diffusing substance.

    Ficks Laws of Diffusion


    Ficks 2nd Law of Diffusion
    An equation for mass transport that emphasizes the change in
    concentration with time at a definite location rather than the mass
    diffusing across a unit area of barrier in unit time is known as Fick's second
    law.

    Ficks Laws of Diffusion

    Dissolution is the process of mass transfer of


    molecules or ions from solid state to solution form.
    Theories of Drug Dissolution:
    I.
    Diffusion layer model/Film Theory
    II.

    Danckwerts model/Penetration or surface


    renewal Theory

    III.

    Interfacial barrier model/Double barrier or


    Limited solvation theory.

    Solid dosage forms may or may not disintegrate when they


    interact with gastrointestinal fluid following oral
    administration depending on their design.
    For disintegrating solid oral dosage forms, disintegration
    usually plays a vital role in the dissolution process since it
    determines to a large extent the area of contact between the solid
    and liquid.

    Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the dissolution process

    Dissolution process of solid dosage Forms :


    TABLETS OR
    CAPSULES
    DISINTEGRATION

    GRANULES OR
    AGGREGATES

    DISSOLUTION

    DISSOLUTION

    DRUG IN
    SOLUTION
    (IN-VITRO OR IN-VIVO)

    IN-VIVO

    DISAGGREGATION
    DISSOLUTION

    FINE PARTICLES

    ABSORPTION
    IN-VIVO

    DRUG IN
    BLOOD,OTHER
    FLUIDS,AND
    TISSUES

    Reading Assignment for Weekend:


    Martins Physical Pharmacy 5th
    edition - Chapter 12: Diffusion
    (pages 302, 305-6)
    Aultons Pharmaceutics 3rd edition
    Chapter 2: Dissolution &
    Solubility (pages 17-18)

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