CM T V MNH CH L DO

(PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON)

I. PHRASES OF REASON:
1. BECAUSE OF: vi, bi vi
- He doesn't go to shool because of his toothache: Anh ta khng i hoc vi au rng.
- They are here because of us: Ho y la vi chung ti.
2. DUE TO: do ti
- It is due to him: Ti hn ta.
- Due to one's negligence: do cu tha, do l nh
3. OWING TO: do vi, bi vi
- Owing to the drought, crops are short: Vi hn han nn mua mang tht bat.
- Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled: Do tri ma, trn u a bi huy bo
4. ON ACCOUNT OF:
( on account of something; on this/that account); do cai gi; vi ly do nay/no
On no account; not on any account: Khng vi bt ky ly do nao.
- Don't on any account leave the prisoner unguarded:
Khng vi bt c ly do nao ma bo canh gac tu nhn
* After because of/ due to/ owing to/ on account of + the fact that...
Eg: He doesnt go to school because of the fact that he has a toothache.
5. IN VIEW OF: (in view of something) : xet thy, bi vi
- In view of the weather, we will cancel the outing.
Do tinh hinh thi tit, chung ta se huy bo cuc i chi nay.
6. THANKS TO:
(Thanks to somebody/something): nh co ai/cai gi
- The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast
V kich thanh cng nh s din xut gioi cua tt ca cac vai.
- Thanks to your help: Nh co s giup cua anh.
- Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled.
Do thi tit xu ma trn u a bi huy bo.
7. FOR: vi, bi vi
- For want of money: vi thiu tin/ - To live for each other: sng vi nhau
- Please do it for my sake: Mong anh lam iu o vi ti.
- To avoid something for fear of accidents: Tranh cai gi vi s tai nn.
- For many reasons: vi nhiu le
II. CLAUSES OF REASON:
1. BECAUSE: [bi'kz], lin t: vi, bi vi
- He doesn't go to shool because he has a toothache.
- I did it because he told me to: Ti lam vy vi ng ta bao ti lam.
- Just because I don't complain, people think I'm satisfied.
Chi vi ti khng than phin, nn ngi ta c tng rng ti hai long
2. SINCE: vi, vi le rng, bi
- Since there is no more to be said, the meeting ends.
Vi khng con gi noi na, cuc hop b mc.
- Since we've no money, we can't buy a new car.
Vi khng co tin, nn chung ti khng mua c xe t.
3. AS: (t u cu) do, bi vi
- As Peter is late for school, his mother has to apologize to his teacher.
- As you weren't there, I left a message: Vi anh khng co y, ti a li my ch.
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4. SEEING ( THAT/ AS): ['si:i] - xet thy s tht la; do, bi vi

- Seeing (that) the weather is bad, we'll stay at home.
Bi vi thi tit xu, chung minh se nha.
5. IN THAT: /
/: l do l, v
- Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that it promotes competition.
( Ngi ta cho vic t nhn hoa la co li vi no thuc y s cnh tranh.)
6. NOW (THAT) : vi rng, bi vi
- Now (that) you mention it , I do remember the incident.
( Vi anh noi n iu o, ti mi nh vic xay ra)
- Now (that) you have passed your test, you can drive on your own.
( Anh co th t minh lai xe vi anh a ky sat hch.)
7. IN AS MUCH AS: /
/ (formal): l do l, v
- He is a Dane in as much as he was born in Denemark.
( ng ta la ngi an Mch vi ng ta sinh ra an Mch.)
8. FOR: lin t (khng t u cu): vi, bi vi, ti vi
- They don't go to the movies, for it rains cats and dogs.
Ho khng i xem phim, vi tri ma nh trut nc.

BECAUSE
AS/ SINCE
SEEING (THAT)
NOW THAT
IN THAT
IN AS MUCH AS
FOR

S + V + ( O/ C/ A)

BECAUSE OF
DUE TO/
OWING TO
THANKS TO
ON ACCOUNT OF
IN VIEW OF
FOR

NOUN PHRASE
+ THE FACT THAT...
GERUND PHRASE

III. Cc cch dng khc:

1. S dng lin t c lp : FOR (v), SO (v th)
Ch : FOR, SO c dng ging nh BUT, YET.
Ex: - She didnt go to class yesterday, for she was seriously ill.
- She was seriously ill, so she didnt go to class yesterday
2. S dng t ni (transition words): therefore, consequently.
Therefore c dung ging nh however. Consequently thng c t u mnh
chi kt qua.
- She was seriously ill. Therefore, she didnt go to class yesterday.
- She was seriously ill. She, therefore, didnt go to class yesterday.
- She was seriously ill. She didnt go to class yesterday, therefore

EXERCISES
I. Combine each pair of sentences, using Because, Since, As
1. Mary looks happy. She has just got good marks.
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2. A computer can be used for various purpose. It becomes very popular today.
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3. The burglars were able to break into his house. He has forgot to lock one of the windows.
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4. The exercise is not easy. I shall have to consult my teacher.
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5. I didnt come in time. There was a traffic jam.
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6. The teacher is sick. Well have no class tomorrow.
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7. He studies maths very hard. He wants to become a teacher of maths.
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8. Peter was worried. Mary was late.
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9. The T.V program was uninteresting. They went to bed early.
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10. I couldnt answer all the oral questions well. I felt too nervous.
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II. Complete the sentences with: because, therefore, because of:
1. ___________ it rained, we stayed home.
2. We decided to leave early __________ the party was boring.
3. Rescue attemps was temporarily halted ___________ the bad weather.
4. Paul may not go to the football game __________ his grades.
5. Bills car wouldnt start. ____________, he couldnt pick us for the concert.
6. They visited their friends often ___________ they enjoyed their company.
7. The residents moved the island _____________ the hurricane.
III. Change clause of reason to phrases:
1. The car crashed because the driver was careless.
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2. He walked slowly because his leg was badly hurt.
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3. We didnt go out because it rain heavily.
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4. She went to bed early because she felt tired.
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5. I cant sleep because the weather is hot.
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6. My brother couldnt sleep because he felt homesick.
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7. She didnt make any mistakes in her answers because she was carefull.
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8. They stayed at home because it rained.
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9. The boy was punished because he behaved so badly.
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10. All the teachers love him because his conduct is good.
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IV. Choose the best anwser among (A, B, C, or D)

1. We couldnt sleep last night ______ the noise next door.
A. although
B. since
C. because
D. because of
2. I did it _______ they asked me to.
A. so
B. because
C. because of
D. the reason
3. Daisy was late ______ her car was broken down.
A. because
B. because of
C. if
D. whether
4. _____ he cant afford a car, he goes to work by bicycle.
A. Because
B. As
C. Since
D. All are correct.
5. They were sacked _____ their carelessness.
A. because
B. because of
C. although
D. despite
6. The boy was punished _____ they went to school late.
A. because
B. because of
C. so
D. although
7. Peter was late for work because of the rain means _____
A. The rain made Peter go to work late.
B. The rain prevented Peter from going to work early.
B. A and B are correct.
D. A and B are incorrect
8. The mother got angry because _______
A. her sons bad behaviour
B. her son will behave badly.
C. her son behaved badly
D. her son bad behaving
9. He lost his job _____ his lazyness.
A. because
B. because of
C. if
D. although
10. We couldnt go out because the weather was so bad.
A. The weather was so bad but we went out.
B. If the weather were fine, we couldnt go out.
C. Whatever weather we had, we couldnt go out.
D. We couldnt go out because of the bad weather.