INTERNATIONAL ISO STANDARD 12944-5 First edition 1998-05-15 ——— ooo Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel siructures by protective paint systems — Part 5: Protective paint systems Peintures et vermis — Anticorrosion des structures en acier par systémes 6 peinture— Partie 5: Systémes de peintureISO 12944-5:1998(E) CONTENTS Fase 1 Scope 1 a Normative references. 1 3 Definitions... 2 4 ‘Types of pain... 5 Paint systems. Annex A Paint systems for corrosivity categories and categories for water and soil 12 Annex B Prefabrication primers... “ 24 Annex C General properties of different generic types of paint ° 27 © 10 1998 All rignts reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part o this publication may be reproduced ‘or utiized in any term or by any means, Bectronc or machenieal, including photocopying ane microti, without permisson in weting Irom the publisher. International Organization for Stancaization (Case pastala 55 « CH-1211 Gondvo 20 » Switzerland Internat iso@iso.ch Printed in Switeriand©1so ISO 12944-5:1998(E) FOREWORD 1$0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of rational standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Stndards is normally cartied out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which 2 tecknical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Intersational Electrocechnical Commission (IEC) on all maters of electrotectnical standarcization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical commitizes are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by atleast 75% of the member bodies casting a vote. Intemational Standard 180 12944-5 was prepared by Technical Commitee ISO/TC35, Paints and vamishes, Sub- a commiitee SC 14, Protective paint systems for see! structures ISO 12944 consists of the following parts under the general ttle Paints aud varaishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems: - Part 1: General introduction Part 2: Classification of environments + Par 3: Design considerations + Pare: Types of surface and surjace preparation + Part5: Protective paint systems = Part 6: Laboratory performance test methods + Part]: Execution and supervision of paint work + Part 8 Development of specifications for new work and maintenance Annexes A to C of this part of ISO 12944 are for information only.ISO 12994-5:1998(E) INTRODUCTION Unprotected steel in the atmosphere, in water and in soil is subjected to corrocion that may lead to damage, Therefore, to avoid corrosion damage, steel structures are normally protected to withstand Ge corrosion stresses during the service life required of the structure. ‘There are different ways of protecting steel structures from corrosion, ISO 12844 deals with protection by paint systems ‘and covers, in the various parts, all features that are important in achieving adequate corrosion protection. Additional or ‘other measures are possible but require particular agreement between the interested parties. In order to ensure effective corrosion protection of steel structures it is necessary for owners of such structures, planners, consultants, companies carying out comresion protection work, inspectors of protective coatings and ‘manufactarers of coating materials to have at their disposal state-of the-art information in concise form on corrosion protection by paint sysiems. Such information has (© be as complete as possible, unambiguous and easily understandable to avoid difficulties and misunderstandings between the sartics corcerned with the practical implementation of protection work. ‘This Intemational Standard - ISO 12944 - is imended to give this information in the form of a series of instructions. It is written for those who have some technical knowledge. It is also assumed that the user of ISO 12944 is familiar with other relevant International Standards, in particular these dealing with surface preperation, as well as relevant national regulations. Although ISO 12944 does not deal with financial and contraciual questions, atuntion is drawn to the fact that, because of the considecable implications of inadequate corrosion protection, nox-compliance with requirements and recommendations given in this standard may result in serious financial consequences, ISO 1294-1 defines the overall scope of all parts of ISO 12944. It gives some basic terms and definitions and a general Introduction to the other parts of ISO 12944, Furthermore, it includes a general statement on health, safety and environmental protection, and guidelines for using ISO 12044 for a given projec:. ‘This part of 150 12944 gives some terms and definitions related to paint systems in combination with guidance for the seleciion of different types of protective paint system,INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ©!SO ISO 12944-5:1998(E) Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems — Part 5: Protective paint systems 1 SCOPE This part of ISO 12944 describes the types of paint and paint system commonly used for corrosion protection of stect structures. It also provides guidance for the selection of paint systems availble for different environments (see ISO 1294-2), surface preparation grades (see ISO 1294-4) and durabilities to be expected (see ISO 129441). The durability of paint systems is classified in terms of low. medium and high. 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES ‘The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constiwute provisions of this part of ISO 12944. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and Parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 12944 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currenily valid International Standards. 180 2808:1997 Paints and varnishes - Determination of film thickness 180 3549:1995 Zinc dust pignents for paints - Specifications and test methods. 150 $628-1;1982 Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of paira coatings Designation of intensity, quantity and size of common types of defect - Part d: General principles and rating schemes 150 4628-2:1982 Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of pairt coatings - Designation of intensity, quantity and size of common types of defect ~ Pari 2: Designation of degree of bliztering. 180 4628-3:1982 Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of pair coatings - Designation of intensity, quantity and size of common types of defect Part 3: Designation of degree of rusting. 1S0 4628-4:1082 Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings - Designation of intensity, quantity ancl size of common types of defect « Pari 4: Designation of degree of cracking, ISO 4628-:1982 Paints and varnishes - Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings - Designation of intensity, quantity and size of common types of defect - Part 5: Designation of degree of flaking. 180 4628-6:1990 Paints and vernishes - Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings - Designation of intensity. quantity and size of common types of defect Par: 6: Rating of degree of chalking by tape method.ISO 12944-5:1998(E) e1so 1S0.8501-1:1988 Preparation of steel substrates bejore application of paints and related products ~ Visual assessment of surface cleanliness - Part I: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated seel substrates an of steel substrates after overall removal of previous coatings. TSO 8503-2:1988 Preparation of ste! substrates before application of paints ard related products ~ Surface roughness characteristies of blast-cteaned steel substrates ~ Part 2: Method forthe grading of surface profile af abrasive blast-cleaned steel - Comparator procedure. 180 12944-1:1998 Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of sel structures by protective paint systems - Part |: General introduction, 180 12944-2:1998 Paints end varnishes - Corrosion protection of sel structures by protective paints systems ~ Part 2: Classification of environments 1S 12944-4:1998 Paints end varnishes - Corrosion protection of seel siructures by protective paint systems - Par 4: Types of surface and surface preparaticn 180 12944-6:1998 Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of sieel siructures by protective paint systems = Part 6: Laboratory performance test methods. 3 DEFINITIONS This clause covers thove expres 1s Which are used in this part of ISO 12944 and not covered by ISO 1294-1 31 High-build ‘The propery of a coating material which permits the application of a coat of greater thickness than usually considered as normal for that type of coating. For the purposes of this part of ISO 12944, thismeans 280 1m dry film thickness. 32 High-solid A term used to describe paint materials with 2 greater than normal volume of solids. 3.3 Compatibitity (D of products in a paint system: The ability of two or more products to be used in a paint system without causing undesirable effects (1D) of a product with the substrate: ‘The ability of a product to be applied to a substrate without causing undesirable effects 34 Priming eost(s) ‘The first coat(s) of a paint system, obtained by application of a primer. Priming coats provide good adhesion to sufficiently roughened, cleaned metal andlor cleaned old coating, ensuring a sound base for and offering adhesion to the subsequent coats. They normally alsa provide corrosion protection during the overcoating interval and the whole service life of the paint system 35 Intermediate coatis) Coatis) between priming and top coat(s), NOTE} In the English tanguage, the term “undercoat” is sometimes used synonyrmously, normally For a coat applied directly before the top coats).eso ISO 12044-5:1998(E) 36 Top coats) ‘The last coat(s) of a paint system, designed to protect the coats beneath from the envitonment, to contribute to the overall corrosion protection offercd by the system and to give the requisite colour. 37 Tie coat ‘A coat designed to improve intercoat adhesion and/or avoid certain detects during application, 38 Stripe coat A supplementary coat applied to ensure adequate protection of critical aress like edges, wélds ete 39 Dry film thickness (DFT) ‘The thickness of a coating remaining on the curface when the cos ig hes hardened, 310 Nominal dry film thickness (NDFT) ‘The dry film thickness specified for each coat or for the whole paint system to achieve the required durability. 3.11 Maximum dry film thickness ‘The highest aveeptable dry film thickness above which the performance of the paint or the paint system may be impaired, 312 Primer A paint that has been formulated for use as a priming coat on prepared suraces, commonly under subsequent costs. 343 Pre-fabrication primer A fast-drying paint that is applied to the blast-cleaned steel of o siructure to protect the stecl during fabrication while ‘tll allowing the steel 10 be welded, NOTE2 In many tanguages, the term pre-fabrication primer does nothave the seme meaning as in English, B14 Potlife ‘The maximum time during which a coating material supplied as separate components should be used after they have been mixed together. 415 Shelflife ‘The time during which a coating material will remain in good condition when stored in its original sealed containers under normal storage conditions. NOTE3 The expression “normal storage conditions” is usually understood to mean storage batween 43°C and 430°C, 316 VOC (volatile organic compound) Fundamentally, any organic liquid and/or solid that evaporates spontincously at the prevailing temperature ang Pressure of the atmosphere with which itis in contact, As 10 current usage of the erm VOC in the field of coating materials see 317,ISO 12944-5:1998(E) e180 317 VOC content (volatile organic compound contenVVOCC) “The mass of the volatile organic compounds present in « coating material, as determined under specified conditions. NOTE 4 The exact interpretation of the word "volatile" will depend on the sphere of pplication of the coating ‘material and the conditions at the place of application. For each sphere of application, the limiting values of the VOC content and the methods of determination or calculation are stipulated by regulatons or by agreements. 4 TYPES OF PAINT “The following generic types of paint are widely used in paint systems for the protection of stee! structures against corrosion. Typical binders for these paints are mentioned in the following sut-clauses. Many other modifications or combinations of them will also be possible. NOTE5 The information given hereafter concems only the chemicsl and ghysical properties of paints and not the way they are used. The limits given for drying and curing temperatures are indicative only. Vasiations can be expected for each type of point depending on its formulation, 4a Air drying paints ‘The film hardens by evaporation of organic solvents or water followed by reaction of the binder with oxygen in the sir. ‘Typical binders are: - alkyd; = urethane alkyd; = eporyester. ‘The drying time will depend, among other things. on the temperature, The reaction with oxygen can take place down to 0°C, although at low temperatures itis much slower. 4.2 Physically drying paints Formulations of these paints can be solvent-borne or water-borne, 42.1 Solventborne paints ‘The film dries by evaporation of the solvents. The process is reversible, i solvents. the dry film remains soluble in its original ‘Typical binders are: = chlorinated rubber; = Vinyl chloride copolymers (also known as PVC); = acrylic resins; = bitumen, ‘The drying time will depend, among other things, on air moverneat and temperature, Drying can take place down to 0°C, although at low temperatures it is much slower. 42.2 Water-borne paints In these paints the binder is dispersed in water. ‘The film hardens by evaporation of water and film-forming (coalescence) of the dispersed binder. ‘The process is not reversible, 12. this type of coating Is not redispersible in watrafter dryingISO 12944-5:1998(E) ‘Typical binders are: acrylic dispersions ~ Vinyldispersions; = polyurethane dispersions. ‘The drying time will depend, among other things, on air movement, relative humidity and temperature, Drying can take place down to +3 °C, although at low temperatures it is much slower. 43 Chemically curing paints In general, this type of paint consists of a base component and a curing agert component ‘The paint film cures by evaporation of solvents, if present, and subsequent chemical reaction between the base and the ‘curing agent component ‘The types given in 4.3.1, 4.3.2 and 4.3.3 are in use. 431 Bpoxy 2-pack paints Base component ‘The binders in the base component are polymers having epoxy groups which react with suitable curing agents. ‘Typical binders are: = epoxy; = epoxy vinyliepory acryli = epoxy combinations (e.g. epoxy hydrocarbon resins or epoxy coal 1a". Formulations can be solventthorne, water-borne or selvent-free Epoxies chalk when exposed to sunlight. If colour or gloss retention is required, the top coat should be an aliphatic polyurethane (4.3.2) or a suitable physically drying type (4.2). Curing agent component Polysminoamines (polyamines), polyaminoamides (polyamides) or adducis of these are most commonly used. Polyamides are more suitable for primers because of their good wetting preperties. Polyamines lead to coati are generally more resistant to chemicals 18s which Curing does not require exposure to si. The drying time will depend amongst other things on air movement and on the temperature. The curing reaction can take place down to 45°C. 432 Polyurethane 2-pack paints Base component ‘The binders are polymers with free hydroxy! groups which react with suitable curing agents Fosmulations can be solvent-borae or solvent-free. ‘Typical binders are: — polyester: acrylates = epoxy: ~ polyether uoro resin.ISO 12944-5:1998(E) e180 Curing agent component Aromatic or aliphatic polyisoeyanates are most commonly used Aliphatie-polyisocyanate-cured products have excellent gloss-retention and colour-retemtion properties if combined with a suitable base component. Axomatic-polyisocyanate-curing agents give faster drying but are less suitable for exterior exposure, tending to chalk and discolour more rapidly, Curing does not require exposure to air. However, the drying time will depenc, among other things, on air movement and temperature. The curing reaction can take place down to 0°C, or lower. but the relative humidity should preferably be kep! within the paint manufacturer's recommended range to ensure coatings free from butbling and pinioling. 43.3. Moisture curing paints ‘The film dries by solvent evaporation. It cures chemically by reacting with moisture from the ai. ‘Typical yypes are: ~ polyurethane (1-pack); = alkyl silicate, e.g, ~ ethyl silicate (2-pack); = ethyl silicate (1-pack). ‘The drying time will depend, amongst other things, on the temperature, the air movement, the humidity and the film thickness. The curing reaction can take place down to 0 °C, or lower, provided thatthe air still contains moisture. The lower the relative humidity the slower the curing Icis important that manufacturers instructions regarding the limits for moisture, relative humidity and wet and dry film thickness are complied with in order to avoid bubbling, pinholing, detachment cc. in the coating. 44 General properties of different generic types of paint Farther information is given in annex. C. This informative aunex is intended only as an aid to selection, but if itis used it shall be used in combination with the tables in annex A, manufacturers published data and information from previous projects 5 PAINT SYSTEMS. 5.1 Classification of environments and surfaces to be painted $.1.1 Classification of environments {In accordance with ISO 12944-2 the environment is divided into the following categories: Six atmospheric corrosivity categories Cl very low C2low C3 medium C4 high C5-I very high (industrial) C5-M very high (marine) categories for water and soil Im immersion in fresh water Im? immersion in see or brackish water m3 buried in soiso ISO 12048-5:1998(E) S12 Surfaces to be painted S121 New structures “The paint systems fisted in annex A are reiated to surface preparation grades Sa 2/4 and St2. For sce! surfaces prepared to St 2, rust grade C as defined in [SO 8501-1 is the reference grade. The rcughness of a surface is generally expressed a the height of the major peaks relative tothe major valleys. A method foc grading the surface profile of abrasive blast- cleaned steel fs described in 150 8503-2. ‘The paint systems listed in annex A are typical examples of systems used in the environments defined in ISO 12944- No corrosion protection is required for items in corrosion category CL. If painting is necessary for aesthetic reasons, the systems in table A.2 (corrosion category C2) may be used, ‘The mechanical or chemical surface treatment required for hotdip-galvanized surfaces is described in ISO 1294-4 22 Maintenance For maintenance of previously coated surfaces, the condition of the existing coating and the surfaces shall be checked 2 using suitable methods, e.g. ISO 4628, to determine whether partial or complete repainting should be carried out. The type of surface preparation and protective paint system shell then be specified. The paint manufacturer should be consulted for recommendations. Test areas may be prepared to check the manufacturer's recommendations. 52 Typeof primer Tables A.1 to A.9 in annex A give information on the type of primer to be used, and indicate whether the primer is zine-rich o based on other pigments. For zinc-rich primers, the minimum zinc dust pigment content of the non-volatile portion of the paint shall be 80 % by mass (m/m), both for organic and inorganic binders. This figure is the basis for the Gurabilities given for the paint systems with zine-rich primers in tables A.1 to A.8. The zinc dust pigment shall ‘comply with the requirements specified in ISO 3549. NOTE6 A method for the determination of the zine dust pigment coatent of the non-volatile portion of paints is described in ASTM D 2371-85, Standard Tesi Meihed for Pigment Contentof Solvent-Reducible Paints, NOTE7 Some countries have national standards with 2 minimum centent higher than 80% by mass (mim). A higher zine dest pigment content generally improves the durability of paint systems. 53 Low-VOC paint systems P ‘The examples listed in annex A include paint systems with a low VOC content designed to mest requirements for low emission of solvents. For each corrosivity category one oF wo separate lables indicate whether the paints for the paint systems listed are available as water-borne materials, or as 4 |-pack or 2-pack, Several of the paint systems listed can include either high- Solids or water-borne paints for both the primer and the top coating materials, or a combination of high-solids and water-bomne paints. 54 Dry film thickness Defini as of dry film thickness (DFT) and nominal dry film thickness (NDFT) are given in clause 3, Film thicknesses indicated in the tables in annex A are nominal dry film 1 nesses, Dry film thicknesses are generally cheeked on the complete paint system. Where judged appropriate, the dry film thickness of the priming coat or of other Parts of the paint system may be measured separately. Depending on the instrument calibration, measurement method and film thickness, the roughness of the steel surface will have a result different degree of influence on the measurement Methods for the measurement of film thickness are deseribed in ISO 2808. The procedure for checking nominal dry ui thicknesses (instrumests, calibration, and any sllowance to be made far the the result) shall be agreed benween the inceresied parties tribution of the surface roughnestISO 12944-5:1998(E) e1so Unless agreed otherwise, individual dry film thicknesses of less than 80 % of the nominal dry film thickness are not acceptable, Unless agreed otherwise individual values between 80 % and 100 % of the nominal dry film thickness are acceptable provided thet the overall average (mean) is equal to or greater than the nominal dry film thickness. ‘Care shall be taken to achieve the nominal dry film thickness and to avoid areas of excessive thickness. It is recommended that the maximum dry film thickness is not greater than 3 times the nominal film thickness. In the ease of excessive maximum dry film thickness, expert agreement shall be found between the partes. For products or systems which have a critical maximum dey film thickness or, in special cases, information given in the paint manufacturer's technical datasheet shall be observe. ‘The number of coats and the dry film thicknesses quoted in annex A are based on the use of airless spray application Application by roller, brush or conventional spraying equipment will produce lower film thicknesses, and more coats will be needed to produce the same dry film thickness for the system. Consult the manufacturer for more information. 5.5 Durability Definitions of both durability and durability ranges are given in ISO 12944-1. ‘The durability of a protective paint system depends on several parameters, such as: + the type of paint system; = the design of the structure; = the condition of the substrate before preparation; the effectiveness of the surface preparation; = the standard of the =pplicatioa work; = the conditions during application = the exposure conditions after application ‘The condition of the paint system applied can be assessed by neans of ISO 4678-1 to 150 4628-6. Ithas been assumed. in compiling the tables in annex A that the first major maintenance painting would normally need to be carried out for reasons of corrosion protection once the coating has reached the level Ri3 as defined in ISO 4628-3. Based oa this precondition, duratility has been indicated in this part of ISO 12844 in terms of three ranges: Jow (L) 2105 years medium (M) ‘to 15 years high ) more than 15 years “The durability range is not a "guarantee time”, Durability is a technical consieration that can help the owner set up & ‘maintenance programme. A guarantee time is a consideration that is the legal subject of clauses in the administrative part of the contract. The guarantee time is usually shorter than the durability range. There are no rules that link the two periods of time. Maintenance is often required at more frequent intervals because of fading, chalking, contamination or wear and tear, or for aesthetic or other reasons, 5.6 Shop and site application To ensure maximum performance of a paint system, the majority of the coats of the system or, if possible, the complete ssysiem, should preferably be applied in the shop. The advantages and disadvantages of shop application are as follows ‘Advantages Disadvantages a) Belter control of application 8) Possible limitation of the size of the building components b) Controlled temperature b) Damage due to handling, transport and erection ©) Controlled relative humidity ©) Overcosting tine can be exceeded d) Easter repair of damage 4) Possible contamination of Ue last coat ©) Greater output f) Better waste and pollution controle180 ISO 12844-5:1998(E) Afier completion of fabrication on site, ‘with the final coat of the paint system, way damage shall be touched up and the complete structure can then be coated Site application of the costing system will be strongly influenced by the daily weather conditions which will also have @ cerain influence on the expected lifetime, If preloaded bearing type connections are to be painted, paint systems shall be used which do not lead to an unacceptable decrease in the preloading force. The paint systems selected and/or the precautions taken for such connections will depend on the type of structure and on subsequent handling, assembly and transportation. 5.7 Tables for paint systems ‘The tables given in annex A give examples of paint systems for several environments. The paints used for all these systems shall be suitable for the highest corrosion siress of the given corresivity or immersion category. The specifier shall have access to documentation, of a statement from the paint manufacturer, confirming the suitability or the ‘durability of @ paint system in a given corrosivity or immersion category. If required, the suitability or durability of the ‘paint system shall be demonstrated by experience and/or artificiel-apeing ‘ests in accordance with ISO 12944-6 or as otherwise agreed. For paint systems based on new products or when no experience has teen obtained with a particular system, the paint system shall be ‘ested at least in accordance with ISO 12944-6 and meet the requirements given. paint systems have been listed in the tables using two different principles: In tbles AL, A.5 and A, which list systems for more than one sorrosivity category (table A.T and A.S axe referred 10 inthe following es "summarizing tables"), the systems 2ave been arranged according 10 the binder used in the top coat. This arrangement is mare convenient when the nerformance properties of the top coat are 10 be taken as the basis forthe system selection, and for comparison of the overall durability of paint systems for more than one corrosivity category when the corrasivity category is tot known exactly. Intables A.2, A.3, A.A, A.6, A.7 ond A.8, which list systems for one corrosivity category only (referred to in the following ss “individual tables"), the systems have been arranged according to the binder used in the priming coat, This arrangement is convenient for users who know exactly the corrosivity category of the environment 10 which their structure is exposed. ET8 ‘The paint systems listed have been chosen taking into account systems used as "typical systems" in countries. This has necessarily led to some systems heing listed which are not typical in other countries, Tt has ‘concluded, hovever, that a simple overview cannot be given, nor can all options be covered. In several cases. systems have been included with more coats but no increase in expected durability. The tion of more coats may be necessary, and will be cost-efficient in particular cases (sce also ISO 1294-1, sub- +r intends to make use of the paint systems listed in the tables, he should first decide whether he will use sysems from summarizing lables or {rom individual tables because ihe system numbering is different in the two of table. “Pomples of paint systems for corrosivity categories C2, C3 and C$ are given in table A.1. Tables A2, A.J and AA separately the same paint systems for cach of these corrosivity categories. A paint system is not shown in A2il itis shown as having a durability classifiestion “high” in table A.3. Likewise, a paint system is net shown in Ao A ifshown as "high" in able AA,ISO 12944-5:1998(E) eso 58 Designation of listed paint systems A paint system given in tables A.1 to A. is designated by its system number given in the left-hand column in each table (S = system), The designation shall be given in the following form (example taken from table A.I for paint system No, $1.01): ISO 12944-5/81.01 In cases where coats with different binders are given under one and the same pairt system number, the Gesignation shall include the binders used in the priming and top coats and shall be given in the following form (example taken from table A.2 for paint system No. $2.09): TSO 12944-5/82.09 - AK/AY fa paint system cannot be allocated to one of the systems listed in tables A.1 10 A9, full information regarding surface preparation, generic type, number of ccats, nominal dry film thickness ete. shall be given in the same way as indicated in the tables, 10eso 180 12844-5:1998(E) [Blank page)ISO 12944-5:1998(E) Annex A (informative) Paint systems for corrosivity categories and categories for water and soile1so oo oy 5m a (om tog sop oe iat signer yee oe foe] a| fre fande| af pasar [em tsar 13e1so ISO 12944-5:1998(E) ‘Table A.2: Paint systems for corrosivity category C2 ‘The palnt syste ven ine Fllowing table are only examples. Otter pant systems having the same perorvance are posse ahese examples ae used, it shall be exsure tht the pain systems exosen cemply with te indicated durability when execution of the pint work takes place as specified See aso 3. Paint] Surface Priming ay Topcoatindiing | Paatgaen | Eapeend aaron 7] System] preperation Tolrmedite oat) (ore Sand 0 13443) No | graded $2 ]S624] Bande Yppeod] Newbe | NDF] — Bink] Ranba] HDFT] Nona] Toul] Tow [Weds] —Fige pen efenes| um efcos| yin | otcous | NDEI un Jeo [x 7) Tio [2 |» [0 z 1 | «| 2 | 203 | x 2_[ 0 1 [3 | sor z wpe] ae [pw pes pie ise0s | x | 7 [20 12 [10 | 2s [160 eos | [| oak | wu [a2 [20 es ee seo | x 12 [0 23 | no 200 se.08 x 2 | 00 E = [= [00 fsa | x z [| 0 | awe [a2 | | 2+ [te 2.0 = fo | wer [a2 | wo | 2 [i fen z 12 [100 : See [a aoe s.2 x] ay 1 | 90 | ay 1 [wo [2 | ps sais | x AY CR PVE z [#0 Janer me so | 34 | 160 q [S214 x 12 30 30 2 160 Ez 525 x| 12 [90 | | 23 [a S216 z 12 [00 | exruns [ie | wo [24 | io i sa x m®| 12 | = Sof = [oa [90 2 16 z [we Ee Safe Pa [ae Binders fr priming coat) Palais iguid) | Binders or op coat) Palos gui) Re-efeomgoens] Wore Nov ofepoeene | Wale toe re Tea] Spek | sue Tyas | FE | posible A AS z = aR Ag = = ce colo PRE | x [ck = Calensaet er x AY = ape z aay eae 7 Z ive Poli etionae | x vc Polis conde Fi = Boon = [=P Epon =e EST Ein sie lea HE Polrtiane Smear FUE Polurihane 1) For St2,ristgride Cas defined in {SO 850-1 is the reference prade. For Sa 2¥¢rut grade A.A or Cat defined in 1SO 8501-1 ithe reference gad 2) Za(R) = Zine rich primer, see 5.2, Mise.= Miscellaneois types of ancerosive pigments, 3) NOFT =Noninsl Dry Film Thickness Se 5. for frtber dele, 4) Its ecommended thet compatiblity is checked withthe rant manufictae 5). Meolour and plssreienion is required it is ecommened thatthe lat coat sould be bused on apatc FUR. ©) or explanation of abbrevitins. see foot of tableISO 12944-5:1998(E) e180 Table A.3: Paint systems for corrosivity eategory C3 “The paint systems ven nthe fllowing table arecaly examples. Other paint syns having the sve performance are posite these examples sre used, it shall be ensured thatthe paint systems chasen comply wih le indicted curity when execuion ofthe paint work takes place as specified. See as 5.7 Paint] Surdace Prining oat Top wait) inchding | Tamtyaem [Eyeacl conti Syetem| prepertion ineredate on) (5c 55 an 180 129441) No [ogee Tia] S825) Dine | Type [Roney NOPD) — inde” —anbal NOT Pranbe] Toul | Low [Metta] Fgh inet) fos] ym Jaf eoas) an forenas| NDFT®) issor_[ x w A Te | sxc z 0 1 [<0 | 23 | 190 fost S303 [x a0 ac [a [ao [34 [ie Sor z rz [oo 80 [ 2 [en 3.05 [x ax | Mie. [72 [a0 23 [120 | 35 [200 3.06 5 12 [90 2a [120 [ 35 [200 [ssor x 1280) aeRO 250 | 3s | 00 se x 12 | re 53.00 x v2 |e | ar) [2 | 1m | 34 | 00 53.10 x a 2 [10 [34 [200 ) s.1_[ x 2 [8 ia [at | se [160 3.12 =] verve va [80] av.creve [12 | oo | 24 | 1 ss. x 0 23 [19 _| 35 | 200 ss.i8 z om 23 [160 | 35 [20 Issas = uo [av | 1 [| «| 2 | 200 s3.16 z © es ss.17 = B go] erpurd [a2 a0 | 24 | 160 | ss. x 0 23 [120 35 [200 53.19 = 30 23 [16 230 ss20 x | EAR 0 = ae 0 fss21 x 1 [a [eos [a0 | 23 | reo fssaa =] mre | za) [1 [oe 23 [109 | 33 [200 s23 x 1 | # [aver rve| iz |_| 23 [60 24 x | 23 [10 [34 | 200 sss =| es | = =[- 11] « 526 x [farce ve] 2 | a0_[ 33 | 160 fss27 x [#0 23 | 12 | 34 |_200 [sian = 1 |_| apron? [2] eo | 23 | 19 S329 x a) 2934 [200 Binders for priming coals) Paints (ig Te eomponrte] Was tome Tek [pee] peste a= ae F 3 [aR Ae [eR = ehriniedatber | Ick ‘Cherise ser re Fotyvisyetionge —[ eve Polyiyl chloride AY acre Fi Tay A [EP = Epox x |x feP Fos meal ee EST Enlace | x Pum Pol aan fs UE. Polyurethane | > ig > Binunes = 1). Fer St 2. rst grade Cas defined in $0 850-1 isthe reference grade Fee Ss 2st grade A, 3 ce C a defined in ISO 8501-1 he stesnce pe 2) Zn R) = Zine rich primer, see 52, Mise, = Misselaneois iypes of ancurorve pigments 3) NDFT-=Nominal Dry Fl Tackness See 5.4 for further Seis, 4) tis commended that compatibility is checked withthe paint narufacrreer 5) If colou and sloss retention is require, iis recoramended that the lat con shouldbe based or aliphatic PUR, tis also possible to work with an NDFT of £0 sm provided tha! the EP or PUR sinc rich pre chosen ls sulle er such x NDT. in ths case the DFT ofthe complete pair systercan be aljusted by subsequent cont, 7) itis recommended that ene ofthe irtermedite sons is ased at ae soat. 8) Ferexplamtion of abbreviations, se fot of she 16e1so ISO 12944-5:1998(E) Table A4: Paint systems for corrosivity category C4 ‘The paint syste given in the following ble are osly examples. Ober paint systems having te sane performance ae possible, nese exatoples ae used it shall be ensured thatthe pam s)stems chosen Comply with the indicated durability when execiton ef the pant work takes place as specified. See aso 3. Paint | _ Surface Priming coat) Top coal incuding | Coating astem | Pxpected furabiliy System] preparction intermediate coats) (Gee {Sand ISO 129441) No. de) Siz] Se2e] Binder ante] NOFTS | Binds) Nota NFP Neste] Tout | Tow [Medion] High la¢conte| ym Jofcowts| nf satel NOFT scar x | ae i _| 35 sacz x | am [2 | 10 | 34 S08 x aK 2 20 | $5 seo = 12 | _|Aven pve 1m 35) S405 x 12 | To | 55 s.06 x »_ | ore vo] 34 scr x] AY,cR eve iz 20 | +5 S08 x 2 vo | 55 [soo x Mize. 3__] Av,cr,pve 10 | 35) Ok x 1 |e @ [2 [sear x 16 109 [ 2 [sez = ca a |e 1 | 3s) [sa13 = 12 |] ep PuRD 10 | 35) [set x | @ 2m | +5 [sis x a) 20) [sie x |, 10] 23) [sar x 1 |_| ayv.cr ve 10 | [sete x |. 20_| 34 [se19 x ae) 1] 23, [si20 =| eerur® | zn i | 10 | 34 [saz x 1 |_| error 209) 3 [sez2 x 1_| a. 20 | 34 [siz < ae) 20 | 45: [sez x ilo = = Se [si25 x 1 @. 2 | wes [sis x |_| ay.enrve re S427 x Le 10 | 34 [size 5 rs i)» » [23 S429 x 1 |» v9 | 34 [5330 x 1] @ | errurd [2s @ | aa. [ssa = To 20 | 44 [seo x i za_| +3 Binders for priming ena) aK = age a x Aa [CR = Chern iter r (Chlonaaes bier Y= Aerie z Z Polyvinyl eh Ee Epos zy ‘Acryie EST Enny See Soler: ‘Biunes PUR = Polyurethane x pow |e Pelvurehane =x 1) For Sa2t¢ ut gre A. or Car defined in ISOBSOI- b the werence Baas 2) 2n(R)~ Zine seh primer, ce 52, Mise, = Miscellaneous types ofanticarasive pigment DFT = Nomiml Dry Film Thickness. Sce 5 fer ferter etal Inis recommended that coveptitilty i checked vith te paint manutsewrer ‘feolour and glass reenioa is required, iis recommended tha! the lst cot shosld be based on aliphatic PUR. Jui also possible © woxk wit an NDF of 80 un provided thet the EP or PUR zine ick primer chosen is suitable for such sa NDF, fa this ease he [NOFT ofthe complete pars system canbe agjsted by subsequent cats 7) Iti econmended shat ene ofthe intermediate coats is used a 2 e et 5) Yor explanation of aborevitions, see too! of ible 417ISO 12944-5:1998(E) ‘Table A.5: Paint systems summarized for corrosivity categories C5 and CSM ‘The paint sysens given in he fellow able ae only examples. Other paint syems having the rane performance av posite Wihese examples are uted, i shall be ensured that fe paint systems close comply withthe indicated durity when execution ofthe paint work kes place as specified See ako 57 BIS Faint] — Serine Fring a Top cats incaaieg —] Patan J] Expected Tg jc Spreparaicn Intermediate costs} denugil. [rurores ‘Ne. | graded (Geessand | sumberin woe) | ties cst [com fs Ag WH |SABS] Bind] Type of Numba NDEI Binder") —[NowbelNDFT}Numbef Taal |[E]M[H|L]M| a lier ot coats] ym Jorcoat| um, |ct coas|NDFT Fat ail S501 x CR Misc, | 1-2 | 9 2 [0 34 [200 i | 3601 S701 ssi2 =| ae Po 2 [is |av.cr.pvel 12 [a0 34 [200 602 ss03 : 1 | @ 3 foo_| s [eso 607 5504 x | es [zm 1 | @ = fao_|_s_fpa0 a0 $5.05 x 1_| @ | EP+cR™] 2/200 3 [280 ee S708 $506 x] ep PUR 7 @ aa feo | as [pao [ell S10 sso7| |x 1 [«o 2 fo | 3 [too fees fel | feos S508 = | earn [wee | fw 2 fio | 3 _[ooe S02 $509 x | BR PUR? fen) 1 | 3 |ao0_| + [ao Ife E S10 $510 x | es 1 fm] ee.urn [2a [ico [35 [pe sua om x | eePuR | Mee | 1 | a [ao [+ [siz x | eso fzsm| a | 90 3 foo |e 353 = a) 24 [wo] 35 ssi z 1 [is 1 [uso | 2 ssas[ |x | emrur | Mise [ia | 34 fra ate em bae 1 ex 1 pao 2 ssa [x | es [zamo| 1 [emcee 2 |200_| 3 sss] [ «| or [am > fo | om [2 foo [3 $519 =| Be PoR | Mice | 1 feo Z ai seat [ast [ss20 x | tere [zw] 1 fo | aw | 3 0 [+ 5521 x [cre [mice | 1 fico | er [2 [ooo | 3 saa x [eer [aw] 1 [2 30 _[ + ines for prnang can) Giga) [Binders tor vp ona) Watertone _possinle Thomann = a¥ Ale Z ri Epoxy z xfer. Chere aber | Foyle z Pepe = : Euilsilcas zs [PUR = Pelyurahane =e Coal vinyl = [EVE = Polyrng ehore —[ Coal pox Z fer Coals viyt x [cre = Cea repo = By 10) in 18 For $a inst gre A.B or C a defined ip ISO 8501-1 isthe ference grade For explaraton of arevistiens, see foo of table Za (R) = Zine rich primer see $2, Mis OFT: Miscelanecus types ofanlicorrosive pigment iomital Dry Flin Thickness. See S.A fr further demi. Iti aso possible work with aa NDFT of #0 um provided ha he EP or PUR zine sch pnme chesen is sitale for sach an NDT. fn this ase; the [NOFT ofthe complete pit cyst can be adjated by subsequent casts {tis commended that one ofthe intermediate costs is wed a «Ue oat, Ieolour and gloss reseniion i sequel, i reconutened that the ast coat should be based ox aliphatic FUR, Al= Aluminium pigment panes, Altematves 9 col tar are availble, The Leow, M = medium, t= ah ofthe ablrevioions elutes 10 te Intemediate coat ane the ltr the 1p ca Syston fer C51 can often be used for C3-M but with a reduced durability, Syste fer CSM can ten be wed 1 CS bat wit at created deh® eso ISO 12944-5:1998(E) ‘Table A.6: Paint systems for corrosivity category C5-1 “The pain ystems given nthe following table are oaly examples. Other pant systems having the same perfrmance are posse. Ifinese examples are used, it shall be ensure that the pain! systems chosen comply with the indicated durbiliy when execution of the paint work takes hoe a specie, See a0 5. Paint hace Priming com) Top erat incdinginicrmedinte] Paisteyetom [Expected dorabilty Systems| preparation coat) (Gee5 and No. | = graded) 150 129441) Siz] Sea | Bike| Type | Newb [NOPP| Gide” | Nowber | NDP) Number] Tual Low [Median] High prince) | efcons | ji: ofecats| am | ofcous | NDFT) S601 12 | a [avcrpve 34 | 3602 2 [oa 34 | 20 603 1 S608 2 S606 1 80 a0 3608 EP, fw 3 | 60 40 5607 1 [= 3 | 20 EP, PUR) 16 | 320 4 | 0 avenrve | 3 2 | -20 S608 i [eo 33 | m0 $608 so | =P.PUR® 35 | 20 S610 x | es a [20 Set x arcnrve| 4 3 [30 Binders for priming ents) Binders for top conte) eR EP resi Chlorinated ater eR ‘Calera aber Epoxy AY ‘Aerie Bail aiate =__ Polyvinyl evonde PUR Polyurethane EP 2) 3) 4 3 6) ” pum Polyuesane For $a 2¥s rast grade A.B or Cas defined in 150 8501-1 te eerie grade, Za) Miscellaneous types of acorosive pigment fomial Dry Tilia Thickness. Se 5.4 fe farther Seta ‘fcolour and gloss recention is required, is recomended thal the lst sat shoald be besed on diphaic PUR Tis also possible w work with an NOT of 80 pn provided thet te EP or PUR zine ach primerchosen i stable for such an NDFT. a his ease, the [NDFT of dhe complete pait system can be sated by subsequent coats, {eis recommended that one ofthe intermediate ceas is used a be mal For explanation of abprevisions, se foot of le 19ISO 12944-5:1998(E) eso ‘Table A.7: Paint systems for corrosivity category C5-M ‘Te paint systems given inthe elowine able areonly examples Other paint syns having the sre pertonmance are posite It these examples ‘re used, it shall be ensued thatthe paint systems chosen comily sith the indicated curity shen execttion ofthe paint work takes plece as specified, See also57 Paint | Surface Pring con) Top oatsyiooaieg mnerneuiae]) Faint gwiem pf Expected aurabingy ‘system preparation coats) ‘ee £5 and Ne. | grade? 180 29441) SUZ] SaBH | Bide] Type oF | Number] NDF | Bieker" | Number] ROPE] Nonber] Toal lew [Median] Hak parer)| ofcoats | um ofeous| pm | ofcoas | NDFT? [sor z eR 7 so [avcreve| 2 | ino [73a [200 s7.02 = SSC 2 | wo | 3 | 200 s7.03 3 | errur| mic. [1 | iso | errur? [1 [150 | 2 | 300 sion 2 i [80 34 | m0 [as | 300 S705 z 1 | 900 = Sr | 00 [S705 © Tao | erpury [1 [250 [2 | 500 S707 x 1 [oa 3 | 0 | s | 20 7.08 = |er.rur| zacn) [1 | «0 | eprer” | 2 | 20 | 3 | 20 s7.08 x [40 | erpur) [34 | 20] as) 0 $7.10 x 1 [40 cna 3 | to: » sr zi 1 [0 | creo 3 =| 400) s7.12 =| ase a [s73 = H ePecres| 2 [20 | 3 | 280 S714 7 a a Sa sew am | [oe | cn) 2 [aw | 3 | 30 S7.16 | cre) | Miso [ 1 [100] cre 2 [200 [3 1 30) Binders for priming cvats) Pinte (iguid) [Binders for ap cule) Nacofeomponents | War bore Te [ Pp | possible Gioreaedareer |e [R= CHanated nbter E508 R[x [VE = Palyvinyteheride x Eihy! Sicaie aes IEP Epox ze Polyurethane x [pum Palyurhaae ars Coal we vingl [ery = Coal tar vinyl (Coal ur epoxy | = i (Gealiarepon x i ‘Aare x z 1 TorSa2H rst grade A,BorC as defined tn 150 8301-1 the reference eas D__ Za (R)= Zine ch pnmer.see 52, Mise. = Miscellaneous types of aricorosive pigments a) 3) NDFT= Nominal Dry Fila Thicktes, See 54 fe farther details. ‘colour and goss retestion is required, tis recommended tha the lst cost chould be based 61 alphatic PUR. 3) lisa posse ro werk wath an NDFT of $0 pm provided that the EP or PUR tine rich prmetchesea is {te NDFT of the complete punt system can be adjusted by subsequent cas. is recommended that one ofthe intermediate coats used a ae coat 7) AL= Aluminum pigments pimer 8) Alternatives to cou tar are aailabl. 9) The fist ofthe aborevstions relates to the ntetmediat coat andthe later i he topcoat 10) Forexplanaios of abbreviation, se foto cle tbl for such an NOFT. Ia this eae 20e1so ISO 12944-5:1998(E) ‘Table A.8: Paint systems for immersion categories Lm1, m2, Im3 “The pint ystems give i the following able are cnly examples. chee pio ystems having the sue performance ae posible. ‘ese examples are tse, shall le ensured tar he fai systema chosen comply With He Incleaee duabilty When executon ofthe pint work tkes place & specified See also 37 Paint] — Sitar Panny ate) “Top col) acadng Intemedaic | —Paistaatem [pected tray Soe] preperation coat ‘ewe 85 end No. | "grade sonst) SH | Bini] Topeak | Nonter | ROA] Bindel) | Nanber [OFT] Nate] Toa | aw [Wea ame) cleo | he sfcons | um | ofcent | NDrr®] lar [erro aay [1 | 0 | erik | aa | a] 33 | 00 saz x 1 [errors [4 [so [5 sen sas = Ce sae a] or 1 [ao [ error [a0] 3 5503 x Ce a6 [SERIO] wise. [a0] Sos aoe ls07 x) re [0 | ores [aa [3] 360 5505 x 1 io 3-30 [4] s0 5509 = 1 [50 = Sos met aso se10 = Lor 1 [060 |= == oe fs = LeTPURy 1 | 200 [errors] [ 1302 an Binders for pring wats set ignd) ders for top sont) Tevefeonporens | Wace ome Tpak | Fc | pose =a 2 r= ay : PUR = Fol - uk Paice ef [ets = cou ur epory z cre Coal arena x [CHPUR= Cos wrroiweiare | x | x [CTPUR = Centar piyesiane =e | 1) ForSa2ts rst grade A, Bor Cas defined in 180 8501 isthe reference grade 2) 2aR)~Zine sch primer, see £2, Msc. = Miscellaneous (pes of aticorosve pigments, 3) NDFT = Nominal Dey Fl Thickiess. See 5 for furter deta. 4) Sohenctec ype, 5) Alternatives (0 col tar are avatble: 6 Forexplanaion o abbreviations, se oot ef be 2ISO 12944-5:1998(E) e1so ‘Table A.0: Paint systems for corrosivity categories C2 to C5-I and CS-M Substrate: Hot-dip-galvanized sted! The pain’ systems given inthe following table are only examples. Other pin ystems taving the same performance ae possible, these examples ae used, it shall be ensured sha the pant sysiems chosea comply with ike indeated darby when execution ofthe paint work tikes place a specie. See also 57. Priig cnt Top wal ecling | Paint syst Txpeced GorsDHIGO) Intermediate cont) (e055 and 150 128441) Binde) | Number] NDFT®)| Binder | Number] NDFT®)| Number] Total etceats| pn afecas| pm |ofeoas|yorr} co | cs ct] oa | om im c [Mya e [Mae pawl [wa fos Sa =a 1 | of | w. 90a] ve [a [wo | rvc [1 [00] 2 | ao fl z 903 | ® a seor 1 | 0 2 [160 [3 [240 soos Sie VT] 00) 1] 0 ae T peo) ay 1 | @ | ay Di pos [mo fe js907 1 [=o a 5 soos 1 80 2 160 3 240. ) S509 a= 1 {80 | 1] 00 f= Sc ae |@ ca w 4. Epoxy + + + + + wy 5. Silicate Zine dust + + + + + ) w + = Suitable (*) = Cheek suitability with the paint manufacturer. = Not suitable D 26 Paint formulations vary. Checking suitability with the paint manufscturer is recommendedeis ISO 12944-5:1998(E) Annex C (informative) Table C.1: General properties of different generic types of paint Properics of different generic types of paint O Excellent = 4 Good sélsz © Powe 2 £|52 5 25/2 Es|zs gle | 8 S Not relevant eelzn| 2] si. SS/Es| .| 2185/2 32/22) | &| 2 glee) 2) S| Ss] & S2/82| 2) 2) = 2/85) 3) 3/23) s The ratings may vary for different) 2S] S°| < | 3 = 25 ee | 7) 2 B°| = formulations of the same generic type of | > Bel BS rs > product)) sels Gloss retention alal?l*®lal*|o|*l-|e]e Colour retention A A oO c A e oO e iS = Le Resistance to [ ‘Water immersion alale|>|*| © laelolalolo Rain/condensation OTOTOTor, TPoLoy ojo Solvents we leTeyerayeyaloyete ‘Solvents (Splash) eyTeTeyer, [2 joapo poles Acids e oe e ° e [a e e e e e ‘Acids (splash) alalal®/®)alselal®lal® Alkalis e e e ° e,;¢e e o os A s ‘Alkali @plash) alalalal®/*)o1ole lola I Resistance todry heat 1 60 to 70°C j@| 0 A | ° | oO oO oO oO o o 7010 120°C Tloale | A; OPTOloo lael © 12010 150°C *7*1*jalalal® 7. S150C, « o[ele efeyejorere Physical properties _| ‘Abrasion resistance e|e Ta Slal?l?ratle Impact ezistance alatalal®io1°)]alelola Flexibility, Alalalal® > al® foal *lala Hardness AlAlAl[a[l? | 2] a foaloyayse | [Application by: mi = [Bashing alalalol?| ale [ala Rollercoating eyerTepoysy AA aol a Saag [oTeTeToyerspTefepe pope 1) Two symbulsin oe eslume means tt signin diffwaces may west Le. bth symbas nuyaply 7INTERNATIONAL iso STANDARD 12944-6 First edition 1998-05-15 Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems Part 6: Laboratory performance test methods Peintures et vernis — Anticorrosion des structures en acier par systémes de peinture — Partie 6: Essais de performance en laboratoireISO 12944-6:1998(E) Contents Page 1 Scope .. ae 4 2 _ Normative references 1 3 Definitions: 3 4 General .. 3 5 Tests 4 6 _ Paint system assessment 5 7 Testrepon es 8 Annex: A Scratch line for ISO 7253 test 9 B__ Example of report form. 10 © 10 1996 Allrights rezervad. Unloes etherwise epecifed, ro par o this publication may bs reproduces or utlized in any form or ky any means, electronic or mechanical, including protocopying ane ‘microfilm, wicut perrission in writing irom the public Intemational Organza for Standatization Case posiale 86 « CH-1211 Goneve 20 » Swizedand Iniemet so@isoch Printed n Switzeriandelso ISO 12944-6:1998(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a workwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Intemational Standards is nommaly carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which 2 technical comrrittee has been established has the right to be represented fon that committee. Intemational organizations, governmental and non- governmental, in liaison with ISO, also tke part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Intemational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization, Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Intemational Standard requires approval by at east 75 % cf the member bodies casting a vote. {ternational Standard ISO 129446 was prepared by Technical Committee ISOMTC 85. Painis and vamishes, Subcommittee SC 14, Protective paint systems for steel siructures. ISO 12944 consists of the following parts, under the general ttle Paints and varnishes — Protective paint systems for stee! structures: — Part 1: General introduction — Part 2; Classitication of environments — Parts: Design considerations — Part4: Types of surface and surface preparation — Part&: Protective paint systems — Part 6: Laboratory performance test methods — Part 7: Execution and supervsion of paint work — Part 8: Development of specications for new work and maintenance Amex A of this part of ISO 12344 forms an integal part of this part of ISO 12944, Annex Bis for information only,ISO 12944-6:1998(E) 2180 Introduction Unprotected steel in the almosphere, in water end in soll is subject 10 corrosion that may lead to damage. Therefore, to avoid corrosion damage. steel structures are normally protecied to withstand the corrosion strosses Curing the service life required of the structure, There are different ways of protecting steel strictures from corrosion. 'SO 12944 coals with protection by paint cystoms and covers, in the various parts, all features that are important in achieving adequale corrosion protection. Additional or other measures are possible but require articular agreement between the interested paries, In order to ensure effective corrosion protection of steel structures, it is necessary for owners of such siructures, planners, consultants, companies carrying out corrosion protection work, inspectors of protective coatings end manufacturers of coating materials to have at their disposal state-cf- the-art information in concise form on corrosion protectin by paint systems. Such information has to be as complete as possible, Unambiguous and easily understandable to avoid difficities and misunderstandings between the parties concemed with the practical implementation of protection work. ‘This International Standard — |SO 12944 — is intended to give this information in the form of a series of instructions. It is written for those who have some technical knowledge. It is also assumed that the user of 180 12944 is familiar with other relevant Intemational Standards, in Particular those dealing with surface preparation, as well as relevant rational regulations, Although ISO 12844 does not deal with tinancial and contractual questions, attention is drawn to the fact that, because of the considerable implications of inadequate corrosion protection, non-complianca with requirements and recommendations given in this standard may result in serious {inancial consequences. ISO 12944-1 defines the overall scope of all parts of ISO 12944. It gives some basic terms and definitions and a general introduction to the other parts oj ISO 12944. Furthermore, it includes a general statement on health, safety and environmental protection, and guidelines for using ISO 12044 for a given project. ISO 1294-6 provides a way of assessing paint systems by means of laboratory tests in order to be able to select the most svitable.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD @1SO ISO 12944-6:1998(E) Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems Part 6: Laboratory performance test methods 4 Scope This part of ISO 12944 specifies laboratory test methods and test conditions for the assessment of paint systems for the corrosion protection of steel structures. The test results are to be considered as an aid in the selection of Suitable paint systems and not as exact infermation for determining durabiliy.. This part of ISO 12944 covers protective pain! systems designed for application to uncoated steel, hot-lip- galvanized steel and steal surfacas with thermally sprayad zine coatings. ‘This pant of SO 12944 does not apply to protective paint systems for electroplated or painted steel. Cortain tests in this par of ISO 12944 are not applicable to many water-bome paint systems (see 4.2). Nevertheless, some weter-bome paint systems are emenable to testing and evaluation using the procedures described herein, and their results could be taken into account, ‘The environments defined in !SO 12944.2 are considered. 2 Normative references ‘The following standards coniain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this pan of 1SO 12844, Al the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties 1o agreements based on this part of ISO 12944 are encouraged to invesiigate the possibilty of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and |SO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. 180 §54:1976, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or tasting — Specifications. 180 1512:1991, Paints and vamishes — Sampling of products in liquid or paste form. 180 1513:1992, Paints and vamishes — Examination and preparation of samples for testing. 180 2409:1992, Paints and vamishes — Cross-cut test. ISO 2808:1997, Paints and varnishes — Determination of fim thickness.ISO 12944-6:1998(E) e180 1S0 2812-1:1999, Painls and varnishes — Determination of resistance to liquids — Part 1: General methoas. 180 2812-2:1993, Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to liquids — Part 2: Water immersion method, 1S0 3231:1993, Paints and varnishes — Determination o! resistance to humid atmospheres containing sulfur dioxide. 180 4624:1978, Paints and varnishes — Pul-off test for adhesion. ISO 4628-1:1982, Paints and vamishes — Evaluation of degradation of peint coatings — Designation of intensity, quantity and size of commen types of defect — Part 1: General principles and rating schemes. 1SO 4628-2:1982, Paints and vamishes — Evaluation of degradation of paint coatinas — Designation of intensity, quantity and size of commen types of defect — Part 2: Designation of degree of blistering. ISO 4628-3:1982, Paints and vamishes — Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings — Designation of intensity, quantity and size of common types of defect — Part 3: Designation of degree of rusting. ISO 4628-4:1982, Peints and vamishes — Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings — Designation of intensity, quantity and size of commen types of defect — Part 4: Designation of degree of cracking. 1SO 4628-5:1982, Paints and vamishes — Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings — Designation of intensity, quantity and size of common types of defect — Part 5: Designation of degree of faking. 180 6270:1980, Paints and vamishes — Determination of resistance to hunidity (continuous condensation). 'S0 7253:1996, Paints and vamishes — Determination of resistance to neutral salt sprey (tog). SO 7384:1986, Corrosion tests in erticial atmospheres — General requirements. 1S0.8501-1:1088, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and releted products — Visual assessment of surface cleanliness — Pail 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates ard of siee! substrates ater overall removal i previous coatings, 'S0 8503-1:1988, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Surlace roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates — Part 1: Specifications and definlions for ISO surface profile comparators for the aesessment of abrasive blastcleaned curlaces. 'S0 8503-2:1988, Preparation of stee| subsirates before application of peints and related products — Surface roughness characierisiics of biast-cleaned stee! substrates — Part 2: Meinod for the grading of surface protile of abrasive blast-cleened sieel — Comparator procedure. ISO 12044-1:1998, Painis and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems — Part 1. General introduction, ISO 12944-2:1998, Painis and varnishes Part 2: Classification of environments. — Corresion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems — 'SO 12944-4:1998, Painis and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems — Part 4: Types of surface and surface preparation. |SO 12944-5:1996, Paints and vamishes — Corrosion pretection of steel structures by protestive paint systems — Part 5; Protective paint systems.e1so ISO 12944-6:1998(E) 3. Defini ns For the purposes of this part of ISO 12844, the following definitions apply in addition to those given in ISO 1294-1 3.1 artificial ageing: A prozedure designed to accelerate the ageing of @ paint system, ie. to reduce the cortosion-protactive efficiency more rapidly than by natural weathering, 3.2. visual assessment method: A method for vicually assessing a paint system in accordance with one of the parts of ISO 4628. 3.3 complementary assessment method: A method used in addition to the visual assessment methods. 3.4. requirements: Test results that must be achieved for a paint system in order for the system to be considered suitable Tor use in corrosion protection. 4 General 4.1. Relationship between artificial ageing and natural exposure The selection of a paint system for a specific situation should preferably be based on experience from the use of the system in similar cases. The reason is that the durability of a paint system depends on many external factors such a the environment, the desian of the structure, the surtace preparation, and the application and drying procedures. The durability is of course also linked to the chemical and physicel characteristics of the system, e.g. the type of tinder, the dry-ilm thickness. These characteristics can be evaluated by encial-ageing tests. Ot primary interest is Fesistance to water or moisture, and fo salt fog, as an indication of wet adhesion and the barrier properties. The ageing tests and durations specified hereatter have been selected to ensure, with a high probatility, that paint systoms really do have the characteristics needed for the durability required inthe intended application. However, resulis from artiiciel-ageing tests shall be used with caution, It shall be clearly understood that artcial ageing will not nacessarily have the same effect as natural exposure. Many factors have an influence on the progress of degradation and, in the leboratory, it is not possible to accelerate all of them in the proper way. It is therefore difficult to make @ reliable ranking of paint systems o! very diferent compositions trom aniticial-aceing tests in the laboratory. This can sometimes lead to efiicient protective paint systems boing rejected because they cannot pass these tests. It is recommended that natural-exposure trials always be undertaken so that, in the long term, such anomalies can be resolved, 4.2 Additional performance tests Additional tests are recommended if 2)_ itis considered necessary to assess the ability of a paint system to provide corresion protection, by tests attor cyclic ageing using ultraviolet (UV) radiation; ) more information is needed on corrosion protection behaviour. Additional test methods may also be used by agroement between the interested parties. NOTE — If water-bome systems are being investigated, corrosion tests agreed between the interested parties should Preterably be used. For example, ageing methods empicying cyclic coneitions \e.g. hot/cold temperatures. salt spray on/sal Spray off) may be uliized, and the curation times given in table 1 may act as a gude.ISO 12944-6:1998(E) e1so 5 Tests 5.1 Test panels SAA Stee! substrates The test panels shall be mace of the same type of steel as used in practice, unless otherwise agreed. The minimum, parol size shall be 150mm x70 mm. The panel thickness will depend on the test, but shall be 2mm at least. Unless otherwise agreed, the panel surface shall be prepared by blest-cleanng to suriace preparation grade Sa 22 of Sa3 as defined in ISO 8501-1. The surface roughness (protile) shall corespond to “medium (G)" as defined in ISO 8503-1. it can be checked by using a comparator as defined in ISO 8£03-2. In all other respects, test panels shall comply with ISO 7386. 5.1.2 Zine-coated steel substrates The test panels shall be made of the zinc-coated steel used in practice, unless otherwise agreed. Size and thickness shall be 2s for steel substrates. Surface proparation shall be as agreed between the interested parties. Suitable surface preparation methods are given in ISO 12944-4, 5.2 Sampling of paints Take a representative sample of the product to be tesied (or of each product in the case of a multi-coat system), as described in ISO 1512. Examine end prepare each sample for testing, as descrived in ISO 1513. 5.3 Number of tost panels Unless otherwise agreed, prepare three panels for each test. 5.4 Paint systems Preferably apply the paint to the pane! by spraying. The paint shall be applied in accordance with the paint ‘manufacturers specifications. Each ccat shall be homogeneous in thickness and appearance end free from runs, ‘sage, misses, pinholes, wrinkling, gloss variations, cissing, particle inclusions, cry overspray and blisters. The dty- film thickness, es measured in accordance with ISO 2808, shall not exceed 20 % cf the spectfied value. Unless otherwise agreed, concition the coated test panols for three weeks in standard atmosphere (2842) °CAEO + §) % relative humidity or (20-42) °C/(65 5) % relative humidity, as defined in ISO 554, Defore testing. Ifthe salt spray testis to be carried cut (see table 1), the scratch line shall cut throush the paint coating down to the substraio (soo annex A), Appropriate protection shall be applied to the edgas and the backs of the pareis. 5.5 Reference system Itis recommenced that a paint system which has been in suesoseful use for years on site, and whose performance as indicated by labcratory testing is well known, is used as a relerence sysiem. This system shall be as similar as Possible in composition and/or generic type and thickness to the paint system being tested. Examples of suitable paint systems are gwen in ISO 1294¢-5,elso ISO 12944-6:1998(E) 5.6 Test procedures ‘The test procedures shall be as specified in tables 1 and 2. ‘When testing in accordance with ISO 2812-1, the following chemicals of recegnized analytical quality shall be used: a) NaOH. 10 % (m/im) aqueous solution; b) HeSO4, 10 % (ra/m), aqueous; ©) Mineral spirit, 18 % aromatics. For the assessment of paint systems for ouitabilty for use in the various categories for immersion in water and burial in soil as defined in ISO 12944-2, table 2, use the following materials: For Im1: water as defined in ISO 2812.2; Forim2 and im: sodium chloride, 5 % (n/n) aqueous solution (instead of water). 6 Paint system assessment 6.1 General The tests to be carried out and the test durations for the pain! systems in eact comosivity category (see ISO 12944-2, table 1) are given in 6.2. Only one of the three test panels shall be allowed not to completely comply with the requirements specif and 6.4. ing For example. a system with total dry-fim thickness below 250 um will be qualified as *high* for corrosWity category C3 on steel if, for at loast two of the three panels: a) before testing, the classitication obtained in accordance with ISO 2409 is 0 or 1 and 5) after 480h of salt spray (ISO 7259), it has no defect when assessed in acrordance with ISO 4628-2 to 1SO 4628-5 and the classification obtained in accordance with ISO 2409 $0 or 1 and ©) alter 240 h of continuous condensation (ISO 6270), it has no defect when assessed in accordance with ISO 4628-2 to ISO 4628-5 and the classification obtained in accordance with ISO 2409 i$ 0 or 1. NOTE — For paint systems intended for water and soll (categories Im}, Im2, im3), ‘medium’ durabifty is the mirimum required level, 6.2 Tests and test durations 6.2.1 Paint systems on steol eubstrates. ‘The tests and test durations given in table 1 are intended for paint systems applied on steel substrates, For paint systems intended for corrosivty category CS-I (and after agreement between the interested parties), the Ie cate 1 procedure cen be replaced or supplemented by the ISO 9231 test using the lest duration figures fer ee eer ke: 240 h (10 eycles) for “iow” durability, 480 h (20 cycles for *mesium’ durablly and 720) (20 cycles) for“high" durability. This generally applies to paint systems with a zinc-tich primerISO 12944-6:1998(E) els 6.2.2 Paint eystems on zinc-coated cteel substrates “The tests and test durations civen in table 2 are intended for paint systems applied on zinc-coaied steel (both hot- dip-galvanized and thermally sprayed), 6.3 Assessment before artificial ageing Assessment methods Requirements ISO 2408 Classttication 0 or1 It the dry-flm thickness of the paint system is greater than 250 um, the following adhesicn test shall be used instead of ISO 2409: 10 4624 Requirement: no adhesion break to the substrate (A/B) allowed (unless pull-off values are 5 MPa or more) 6.4 Assessment after artificial ageing for the specified time Assessment methods Requirements Iso 4628-2 Biistering 0 ($0) (ssessinent immeciately) 1SO 4628-3 Rusting RIO (assessnant immediately) 180 4628-4 Cracking 0 (80) (essessnent immediately) ISO 4628-5 Flaking 0 (S0) —_(assessnant immediately) After artificial ageing in accordance with SO 7253 any corrosion of the substrate [rom the scratch shall net exceed 1 mm when calculated using the equation in annex A. Any defect occurring within 1 cm of the edges of panels shall not be taken into account. Complementary assessment methods Requirements 180 2409 Classification O.or1 (assessment after 24 h reconditioning in accordance with §.4) ifthe Gry-fm thickness of the paint system is greater than 250 1m, the following adhesion test shall be used instead of ISO 2409: 10 4624 Requirement: no adhesion break to the substrate (A/B) allowed (unless pull-off values are 5 MP2 or more) (assesement after 24 h reconditioning in accordance with 6.4)e180 ISO 12944-6:1998(E) Table 1 —Test procedures for paint systems applied to stee! 180 2812-11) 10 2812-2 180 6270 180 7253 Corrosivity ; (chemical (water (water (neutal salt category as defined fod resistance) Immersion) condensation) spray) in1S0 1294.2 b b h a ca Low = = 48 = Mecium = = 48 = High - = 120 = ca Low = = 48 120 Medium = - 120 240 High = = 240 480 cH Low = = 120 280 Medium = = 240 480 High = = 480 720 cs Low 168 = 240 480 Medium 188 & 480 720 High 168 = 720 1440 co Low = = 240 420 Medium a % 480 aon High = = 720 4 ato imi Low Za = = = Medium = 2.000 720 - High S 3000 1.440 = ime Low = = = = Medium - 2000 = 720 High = 3.000 = 1440 Ima Low Zs = = = Megium = 2000 = 720 High = 3.000 = 1440 1) Use method 1 (S2e 8.5 for ne chemicals used). The pupose ofthe chericel-rasstance lst Is rot the assessment ol eavasion prolecton Dloperties Out to assess the abity of a system to withstand high'y industrial environments. Thus, the lest duraion remains the same ‘whatever me durapity range is For conosviy category C54, the 1SO 2642-1 procedure can be replaced or supplemented by the 1S0 $231 test (10 eycles, 240h ‘or “iow? uray; 20 cycles, 4€0 h for "meciurnt duabliy. and 20 eyctes, 720 fo “high: dural)e180 ‘Table 2 — Test procedure for testing adhesion of paint systems applied to zinc-coated steel [Corrosivity category] 150 6270 as defined in | Durapilty ranges | yaior oreicration 180 129442 b 2 Low 240 Medium 240 High 240 03 Low 240 Medium 240 High 240 a = 240 Medum 240 High 480 SI ai 240 Medum 480 High 720 com Low 240 Medium 480 High 720. 7 Test report The test report shall contain at least the following information: 2) the test laboratory (name and address); b) the dale of each test; ©) 4 description of the substiate and substrate surface preparation; ) all detail ncocssary to identity the protective paint system (isanufacturer, names or reference numbers of the products, batch numbers, numbers of coats, dry-tilm thickness for each coal); ©) all details necessary to identity the reference system: #) the duration and conditions of drying/euring and conditioning; 9) the Classification of the paint system according to the test results obtained (corresivity catagory and durability range, for example C5- madiurn) h) the tests carried ou! and the duration of each test; i) the results for each test panel: i) any deviation from the test methods specified. ‘The test report shall explicity state that the test equipment and procedure vas in accordance with the relevant ISO standard, ‘The test report shall be signed by the person performing the tests and by the laboratory manager or by ancther authorized representative of the laboratory. An example of ¢ test feport form is given in annex B, 8eso ISO 12944-6:1998(E) Annex A (normative) Scratch line for ISO 7253 test A.A Producing the scratch ‘The use of a soribing machine is recommended to ensure reproducible results. If this fs not possible, the scratch tool shall be as described in ISO 2409:1992, subclause 4.1.1 (single-blade outting tool). ‘The scratch line can be horizental, vertical or ciagonal. It shall be at least SC mm long. In addition, it shall be at least 20 mm from any edge and penetrate cown to the metal along its whole lenghh. A.2 Assessment of corrosion along the scratch After the salt spray test, measure the maximum width C, in millinettes, of corrasion across the scratch. Calculate the corrosion of the substrate trom the scratch, iM, using the following equation: c-w ue 2 where Wis the original width, in millimetres, of the scratch.ISO 12944-6:1998(E) Annex B (informative) Example of report form Test laboratory: Datas of tests: Substrate: Manufacturer: Paint system: Address: Surface proparation: ‘Address: e180 Generic type Trade name Batch number NOFT Ist coat 2nd coat 3rd coat 4th coat Sth coat ath coat [Eoikoreeie Gaal panes Reference system: Generic type ‘Trade name Batch number NDFT tstcoat 2nd cont 3rd coat ath coat sth coat eth coat Drying/curing conditions: Test duration: Atmosoheric or water/soil corrosivity category as defined in ISO 12944-2: Required durabilty range: 10e180 Iso 12944- :1998(E) Reeulie in accordance with 6.2 and 6.4 Tests Panel 1 Panel 2 Panel 3 Measured dry-ilm thickness Assessment before test (ISO 2499 or 180 4824) Test 1: 180 Test duration: ... ‘Ascocement atte test: 180 4628-2 180 4028-3 1S0 4628-4 ISO 4628-5 150 2409 of ISO. 4624 Tost 2:1S0 Test duration: ...h ‘Agcesoment alter test: 10 4628-2 1s0 4628-3 10 4628-4 Iso 4628-5 180 2409 or ISO 4624 Comments: Signatures: