THRUST BLOCK DESIGN: HORIZONTAL BEND (45 DEGREE)

Design Parameters:
Soil:

soil
water
Internal friction angle,
Coefficient of friction,

=
=
=
=

19.2 kN/m
9.8 kN/m
30 Degree
0.45

Concrete:

fck
c

=
=

45 kN/mm
25 kN/m

Steel:

steel
fyk

=
=

78.5 kN/m
460 kN/mm

Pipe:

Design internal pressure, p

Sectional area of pipe
Degree of bend
Diameter of pipe

=
=
=
=

Thrust Force,F:
F

=
=
=

2pAsin/2
38.50 kN
77.00 kN

Weight of Block (W1):

Assume block size;
Depth, H
Width, B
Length, L

W1

=
=

=
=
=

1.5 m
2.6 m
0.75 m

(VBLOCK - 2 VPIPE ) x c
54.28 kN

Weight of Water Flow Inside the Pipe(W 2):

W2

=
=

water x 2 VPIPE
7.39 kN

Weight of Soil on the Block (W3):

W3

=
=

VSOIL x SOIL
22.39 kN

1 bar
0.503 m
45 Degree
0.8 m

100

0.785

Total Weight, W

=
=

W1 + W 2 + W 3
84.1
kN

Frictional Force, FF:

FF

=
=

W
37.82 kN

Passive Pressure Force, FP:

KP

=
=

1+ sin 30
1- sin 30
3

Passive pressure force, FP

=
=

1/2 (KP SOIL h2 + KP SOIL h1) x (h2 - h1)

116.47 kN

=
=

1/2 (KA SOIL h2 + KA SOIL h1) x (h2 - h1)

12.94 kN

Active Pressure Force, FA:

KA

=
=

1- sin 30
1+ sin 30
0.33

Active pressure force, FA

Check for Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC):

W
Base Area
43.10 kN/m

<

100 kN/m

<

100 kN/m

OK!

Stability Check Against Sliding:

FF + FP - FA
F
1.84

>

1.5

>

1.5

OK!

Reinforcement Design :
Asreq

=
=

Asprov

Asreq

<

0.0013bd
1950.00 mm
2010.62 mm
Asprov

T
OK!

16

kN/m
rad

30 DEGREE
h1
h2

100

=
=

=
0.598 m
2.098 m

0.52 RAD

THRUST BLOCK DESIGN: HORIZONTAL BEND (35 DEGREE)

Design Parameters:
Soil:

soil
water
Internal friction angle,
Coefficient of friction,

=
=
=
=

19.2 kN/m
9.8 kN/m
30 Degree
0.45

Concrete:

fck
c

=
=

45 kN/mm
25 kN/m

Steel:

steel
fyk

=
=

78.5 kN/m
460 kN/mm

Pipe:

Design internal pressure, p

Sectional area of pipe
Degree of bend
Diameter of pipe

=
=
=
=

Thrust Force,F:
F

=
=
=

2pAsin/2
30.25 kN
60.50 kN

Weight of Block (W1):

Assume block size;
Depth, H
Width, B
Length, L

W1

=
=

=
=
=

1.5 m
2.6 m
0.75 m

(VBLOCK - 2 VPIPE ) x c
54.28 kN

Weight of Water Flow Inside the Pipe(W 2):

W2

=
=

water x 2 VPIPE
7.39 kN

Weight of Soil on the Block (W3):

W3

=
=

VSOIL x SOIL
22.39 kN

1 bar
0.503 m
35 Degree
0.8 m

100

0.611

Total Weight, W

=
=

W1 + W 2 + W 3
84.1 kN

Frictional Force, FF:

FF

=
=

W
37.82 kN

Passive Pressure Force, FP:

KP

=
=

1+ sin 30
1- sin 30
3

Passive pressure force, FP

=
=

1/2 (KP SOIL h2 + KP SOIL h1) x (h2 - h1)

116.47 kN

=
=

1/2 (KA SOIL h2 + KA SOIL h1) x (h2 - h1)

12.94 kN

Active Pressure Force, FA:

KA

=
=

1- sin 30
1+ sin 30
0.33

Active pressure force, FA

Check for Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC):

W
Base Area
43.10 kN/m

<

100 kN/m

<

100 kN/m

OK!

Stability Check Against Sliding:

FF + FP - FA
F
2.34

>

1.5

>

1.5

OK!

Reinforcement Design :
Asreq

=
=

Asprov

Asreq

<

0.0013bd
1950.00 mm
2010.62 mm
Asprov

T
OK!

16

kN/m
rad

30 DEGREE
h1
h2

100

=
=

=
0.598 m
2.098 m

0.52 RAD

THRUST BLOCK DESIGN: VERTICAL BEND (DOWNTURN)

Design Parameters:
Soil:

soil
water
Internal friction angle,
Coefficient of friction,

=
=
=
=

19.2 kN/m
9.8 kN/m
30 Degree
0.45

Concrete:

fck
c

=
=

45 kN/mm
25 kN/m

Steel:

steel
fyk

=
=

78.5 kN/m
460 kN/mm

Pipe:

Design internal pressure, p

Sectional area of pipe
Degree of bend
Diameter of pipe

=
=
=
=

1 bar
0.503 m
45 Degree
0.8 m

100

0.785
FV

Thrust Force,F:
F

=
=
=

2pAsin/2
38.50 kN
77.00 kN

Resolve in vertical and horizontal components:

FV
(upward)

FH

=
=
=

pAsin
35.57 kN
71.13 kN

=
=
=

pA(1-cos)
14.73 kN
29.47 kN

Weight of Block (W1):

Assume block size;
Depth, H
Width, B
Length, L

W1

=
=

=
=
=

1.5 m
2.6 m
1.30 m

(VBLOCK - 2 VPIPE ) x c
94.08 kN

Weight of Water Flow Inside the Pipe(W 2):

W2

=
=

water x 2 VPIPE
12.81 kN

Weight of Soil on the Block (W3):

W3

=
=

VSOIL x SOIL
43.93 kN

Total Weight, W

=
=

W1 + W 2 + W 3
150.8 kN

Frictional Force, FF:

FF

=
=

WT
35.86 kN

Passive Pressure Force, FP:

KP

=
=

1+ sin 30
1- sin 30
3

Passive pressure force, FP

=
=

1/2 (KP SOIL h2 + KP SOIL h1) x (h2 - h1)

123.29 kN

=
=

1/2 (KA SOIL h2 + KA SOIL h1) x (h2 - h1)

13.70 kN

Active Pressure Force, FA:

KA

=
=

1- sin 30
1+ sin 30
0.33

Active pressure force, FA

Check for Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC):

W+ FV
Base Area
65.67 kN/m

<

100 kN/m

<

100 kN/m

Stability Check Against Uplift:

W1
F

>

1.1

OK!

1.22

>

1.1

OK!

Stability Check Against Sliding:

FF + FP - FA
F
1.89

>

1.5

>

1.5

OK!

Reinforcement Design :
Asreq

=
=

Asprov

Asreq

<

0.0013bd
1950.00 mm
2010.62 mm
Asprov

T
OK!

16

kN/m
rad
F

FH

30 DEGREE
h1
h2

=
=

=
0.677 m
2.177 m

0.52 RAD

100

THRUST BLOCK DESIGN: VERTICAL BEND (UPTURN)

Design Parameters:
Soil:

soil
water
Internal friction angle,
Coefficient of friction,

=
=
=
=

19.2 kN/m
9.8 kN/m
30 Degree
0.45

Concrete:

fck
c

=
=

45 kN/mm
25 kN/m

Steel:

steel
fyk

=
=

78.5 kN/m
460 kN/mm

Pipe:

Design internal pressure, p

Sectional area of pipe
Degree of bend
Diameter of pipe

=
=
=
=

1 bar
0.503 m
45 Degree
0.8 m

100

0.785

Thrust Force,F:
F

=
=
=

2pAsin/2
38.50 kN
77.00 kN

Resolve in vertical and horizontal components:

FH
FV
(downward)

=
=
=

pAsin
35.57 kN
71.13 kN

2
F

FH

=
=
=

pA(1-cos)
14.73 kN
29.47 kN

FV
x

Weight of Block (W1):

Assume block size;
Depth, H
Width, B
Length, L

W1

=
=

=
=
=

1.5 m
2.6 m
1.25 m

(VBLOCK - 2 VPIPE ) x c
90.46 kN

Weight of Water Flow Inside the Pipe(W 2):

W2

=
=

water x 2 VPIPE
12.32 kN

Total Weight, W

=
=

W1 + W 2
102.8 kN

Frictional Force, FF:

FF

=
=

WT
78.26 kN

Passive Pressure Force, FP:

KP

=
=

1+ sin 30
1- sin 30
3

Passive pressure force, FP

=
=

1/2 (KP SOIL h2 + KP SOIL h1) x (h2 - h1)

596.51 kN

=
=

1/2 (KA SOIL h2 + KA SOIL h1) x (h2 - h1)

66.28 kN

Active Pressure Force, FA:

KA

=
=

1- sin 30
1+ sin 30
0.33

Active pressure force, FA

Check for Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC):

W+ FV
Base Area
53.51 kN/m

<

100 kN/m

<

100 kN/m

OK!

Stability Check Against Uplift:

W1
F
1.17

>

1.1

>

1.1

Stability Check Against Sliding:

FF + FP - FA

>

1.5

OK!

F
7.90

>

1.5

OK!

Reinforcement Design :
Asreq

=
=

Asprov

Asreq

<

0.0013bd
1950.00 mm
2010.62 mm
Asprov

T
OK!

16

kN/m
rad

30 DEGREE
h1
h2

=
=

=
6.154 m
7.654 m

0.52 RAD

100