Foreign Affairs

UNCAC- United Nations Convention against Corruption

Dublin Regulation
Vienna convention diplomats
1948 genocide convention
1951 refugee convention
UNHRC report on Sri lanka- hybrid courts (India abstained from
voting on Sri Lanka issue in the UN)
Nepal 12 point agenda
Munroe Doctrine
Arctic Council
The only thing that is certain about the Myanmar elections is
that no matter what the result, the military will hold on to its
constitutionally guaranteed 25% seat share in the parliament
and Suu Kyi will not be the president, as the new constitution
bars her from the post
The strife-torn Palestinian enclaves of the West Bank and Gaza
still rank one place above India in DB report, with both
registering property and paying taxes far easier in the
combined territories
With government-to-government ties at a standstill, civil
society-led initiatives trade expositions, cultural festivals,
and Track Two dialogues could play a major role in building
links between Indians and Pakistanis
India SAGAR approach
Refugee treaty?
APEC, SCO

1. India has 127 Missions across the world, plus 39 honorary

consulates
2. There are 12 OPEC members: 4 in Africa: (Algeria, Nigeria,
Angola, Libya); 6 in Middle East: (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar,
Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates), and 2 in Latin America
(Venezuela, Ecuador)
3. Sri Lanka- 13th amendment: Old agreement; aimed to
devolve powers to the northern province (Indo-Sri Lanka
accord)
India and Sri Lanka entered into the Indo-Sri Lanka peace
accord (13th amendment), according to which the Sri Lankan
government was to devolve power to the provinces, the Sri
Lankan troops were to be withdrawn, and the rebels were to
give up arms
13th amendment is meant to create Provincial
Councils, and accept both Tamil and Sinhalese as
national languages, with English as the link language
However, LTTE wasnt made a part of the talks, and they
quickly went back on the agreement and launched an

insurgency, this time fighting the Indians as well; Indias

retaliatory stance made us extremely unpopular amongst Sri
Lankan Tamils
Mathripala Sirisena recently said this will be implemented
after the next polls

4. Sri Lanka 19th amendment: aims to dilute the powers of the

Executive Presidency, and give more powers to the
Parliament (reduction of term to 5 years, two-term limit etc.,
mandates the President has to consult PM before appointing
ministers, establishment of a constitutional council that
will exercise some of the Presidents erstwhile executive
powers)
5. Sri Lanka 20th amendment: aims to increase the size of
the Parliament by 12, to 237; 145 will be directly elected
(FPTP principle); 35 nominated, rest via proportional
representation
6. India-Sri Lanka recently signed a Currency Swap Agreement
(what is it?)
7. India has recently signed a civilian nuclear agreement with
Sri Lanka; under this deal, India will basically help Sri Lanka
build its nuclear energy capacity (and not supply nuclear
reactors or uranium)
8. What is the T in the TAPI project?- Turkmenistan, Afghanistan,
India, Pakistan; GAIL might implement it from Indias side
9. Nuclear deal- Key Features
Section 17(b): The operators (in Indias case, the state run
NPICL) could claim compensation from their equipment
suppliers if it could be proved that the cause of the accident
was faulty equipment
In pursuing the safety of supply, Section 17(b) goes too far in
keeping liability for suppliers entirely open-ended. If liability
on suppliers is unlimited in time and quantum, the possibility
of getting adequate insurance cover will reduce. Even if such
insurance is available, it could make nuclear energy
economically unviable
To address this, Rule 24 of the CLND Rules dilutes the right
of recourse conferred by Section 17(b) by limiting
compensation payable by suppliers to a specified amount
and for a specified time period
This is perceived by some to be violating Article 14 (equality
before law) of the constitution
10. APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)

APEC is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim member economies that

promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region

It was established in 1989 in response to the growing

interdependence of Asia-Pacific economies and the advent of
regional trade blocs in other parts of the world, to fears
that highly industrialized Japan (a member of G8) would
come to dominate economic activity in the Asia-Pacific
region; and to establish new markets for agricultural products
and raw materials beyond Europe
India has requested membership in APEC, and received
initial support from the United States, Japan and Australia.
Officials have decided not to allow India to join for various
reasons, one of which is that India does not border the Pacific
Ocean, which all current members do
However, India was invited to be an observer for the first
time in November 2011
APEC has long been at the forefront of reform efforts in the
area of business facilitation. Between 2002 and 2006 the
costs of business transactions across the region was reduced
by 6%, thanks to the APEC Trade Facilitation Action Plan
(TFAPI)

Proposals for Free Trade Area of the Asia Pacific (FTAAP):

The proposal for a FTAAP arose due to the lack of progress in
the Doha round of WTO negotiations, and as a way to
overcome the "noodle bowl" effect created by overlapping
and conflicting elements of the copious free trade
agreements
The FTAAP is more ambitious in scope than the Doha
round, which limits itself to reducing trade restrictions. The
FTAAP would create a free trade zone that would
considerably expand commerce and economic growth in the
region
Some criticisms include that the diversion of trade within
APEC members would create trade imbalances, market
conflicts and complications with nations of other regions
APEC has also been criticised for promoting free trade
agreements that would trammel national and local laws,
which regulate and ensure labour rights, environmental
protection, and safe and affordable access to medicine
Whether it has accomplished anything constructive
remains debatable, especially from the viewpoints of
European countries that cannot take part in APEC and Pacific
Island nations that cannot participate but will suffer its
consequences
The development of the FTAAP (if it happens) is
expected to take many years, involving essential studies,
evaluations and negotiations between member economies
11. Shanghai Cooperation Organization:

China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and

Uzbekistan
Mutual cooperation to fight again terrorism, separatism and
extremism in Central Asia
India and Pakistan were recently inducted as full members
SCO is seen as a counter to NATO
Advantages for India: energy cooperation (like TAPI); SCO
provides an alternative regional platform to discuss the
Afghan issue
Last summit was in Ufa in Russia; first ever in 2001 in China

12. NDB
Established at the 6th BRICS summit in Fortaleza (Brazil)
in 2014
Unlike the World Bank, which assigns votes based on capital
shares, here each participant country will be assigned
one vote, and no country will have veto power
Countries apart from the BRICS countries will also be
members- the bank will have some countries from the south
on a rotational basis, on the board of the bank, and they will
be allowed to vote
The bank will allow new members to join but the share of
BRICS countries cannot drop below 55%
The bank will primarily lend for infrastructural projects
The Contingent Reserve Arrangement, which is the twin
organization of the bank but is yet to take off, will fulfill an
IMF-type role. Every country will be able to tap into a
multiple of its contribution, but anything above 30% of
that amount will come with IMF-style conditions
(some say this shows the inherent fallacy in having such an
alternative)
Some claim that Since the BRICS Bank will be giving project
loans, based entirely on the viability of the project itself, it
will be unconcerned with the macroeconomic orientation of
the government; hence its loans will lack the ideological
coercion that the World Banks loans bring with them
13. AIIB

This is an international financial institution proposed by China

China will remain the biggest shareholder in the bank
(India second largest), and the shares of non-Asian
countries will be restricted to 25% of the total
India will be the second largest shareholder in AIIB; Russia,
third
Voting shares will be based on the size of each
members countrys economy, and not their
contribution to the banks authorized capital

The purpose of the multilateral development bank is to

provide finance to infrastructure projects in the Asia Pacific
region
AIIB is regarded by some as a rival for the IMF, the World
Bank and the Asian Development Bank (ADB), which the AIIB
says are dominated by developed countries like the United
States and Japan
Arguments bandied about for establishment of yet another
bank: WB and ADB might be working in Asia already, but the
financing deficit is still huge; while ADB and World Bank loans
support everything from environmental protection to gender
equality, the AIIB will concentrate its firepower on
infrastructure
Critics (such as the US) warn that the China-led bank may fail
to live up to the environmental, labour and procurement
standards that are essential to the mission of development
lenders. China says the AIIB will adopt international best
practises. The UK, Germany, and France have now decided to
join in as founding members, drawing protests from the USA
Chinas decision to fund a new multilateral bank rather than
give more to existing ones reflects its exasperation with the
glacial pace of global economic governance reform. The
same motivation lies behind the New Development Bank
established by the BRICS
Although China is the biggest economy in Asia, the ADB is
dominated by Japan; Japans voting share is more than twice
Chinas and the banks president has always been Japanese.
Reforms to give China a little more say at the International
Monetary Fund have been delayed for years, and even if they
go through America will still retain far more power. China is,
understandably, impatient for change. It is therefore taking
matters into its own hands

14. ADB: one method of raising funds for the ADB is issuing bonds
on global capital markets; Japan holds the highest shares in
ADB
15. United Nations recently passed a resolution
recognizing same-sex marriages (only for staff from
countries where such marriages are recognized)
16. What is the US L1-B visa? L-1 visas are available to
employees of an international company with offices in both the
United States and abroad. The visa allows such foreign workers
to relocate to the corporation's US office after having worked
abroad for the company for at least one continuous year within
the previous three prior to admission in the US
17. Yemen conflict

The Houthis are a rebel Shia group primarily located in the

north of Yemen
The protests started by the Houthis demanding that the
government in Sanaa take back the decision to reduce fuel
subsidies, and bring the fuel price down
However, the government is broke; it has also been fighting
Al-Qaeda fighters in the south
From the beginning, the ruling government tried offering
concessions to the Houthis, but their demands kept getting
larger; the intention from the very beginning was political
control
Under sustained pressure for more concessions and political
privileges by the Houthis, the President, Mr. Hadi, resigned in
January 2015, and fled the country
During the Arab spring, President Ali Abdullah Saleh was
forced to step down. Now, he is allied with the Houthi rebels,
wielding effective control
Many people also see the Houthis being controlled by Iran

18. IMF SDRs: supplementary foreign exchange reserve assets

defined and maintained by the International Monetary
Fund (IMF). Their value is based on a basket of key international
currencies reviewed by IMF every five years. Current
currencies are USD, Euro, GBP, and Yen. XDRs are
allocated to countries by the IMF. Private parties do not hold or
use them.
19. Indias inclusion in the UNSC is being opposed by the coffee
club: Uniting for Consensus (UfC) is a movement,
nicknamed the Coffee Club, that developed in the 1990s in
opposition to the possible expansion of the United Nations
Security Council. Under the leadership of Italy, it aims to
counter the bids for permanent seats proposed by G4
nations (Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan) and is calling for a
consensus before any decision is reached on the form and size
of the Security Council (members: Argentina, Canada,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Italy, Malta, Mexico, Pakistan,
South Korea, San Morino, Spain, Turkey)
20. India recently gave away 3 Cheetal helicopters to Afghanistan
21. China is investing $46 billion in Pakistan; the Corridor will
link Chinas underdeveloped far-western region to Pakistans
Gwadar deep-sea port on the Arabian Sea via PoK. This
investment overshadows USs investment in Pakistan
22. Operation Maitri- Indian Armys effort for relief mission in
Nepal

23. Bangladesh recently awarded the Friends of Bangladesh

Liberation Award to Vajpayee
24. Iran nuclear deal
Puts strict limits on Irans nuclear activities for at least a
decade and calls for stringent U.N. oversight
In return, Iran will get sanctions relief although the measures
can snap back into place if there are any violations
International arms embargo against Iran will remain for five
years but deliveries would be possible with special
permission of the U.N. Security Council
Iran has accepted allowing the U.N. atomic watchdog tightlycontrolled managed access to military bases
Iran will slash by around two-thirds the number of centrifuges
The deal caps uranium enrichment at 3.67% and limits the
stockpile to 300 kg, all for 15 years
25. BCIM (Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar) Economic
Corridor

The BCIM economic corridor is an initiative conceptualised for

significant gains through sub-regional economic cooperation
The multi-modal corridor will be the first expressway
between India and China and will pass through
Myanmar and Bangladesh
The proposed corridor will pass through:
Chinas Yunnan Province, Bangladesh, Myanmar
and Bihar in Northern India through the combination of road,
rail, water and air linkages in the region
This interconnectedness would facilitate the cross-border
flow of people and goods, minimize overland trade obstacles,
ensure greater market access and increase multilateral trade
Indias isolated north east stands to gain with greater
cooperation with the other 3 countries
From the West Bengal capital, the corridor will head towards
Benapole, a border crossing town in Bangladesh. After
passing through Dhaka and Sylhet, it will re-enter the Indian
territory near Silchar in Assam. The rest of the passage will
be connected with Imphal and then pass through the Indiabuilt Tamu-Kalewa friendship road in Myanmar.
Mandalay will be the next focal point of the corridor before
the road enters Yunnan, after crossing Lashio and Muse in
Myanmar. The Chinese stretch extends from Ruili before
reaching Kunming through Longling and Dali

26. Motor Vehicle Agreement between BBIN: Bangladesh,

Bhutan, India, and Nepal. BBIN countries will be benefited by
mutual cross border movement of passenger and goods for
overall economic development of the region
27. International North-South Transport Corridor: Ship, rail,

and road route for moving freight between India, Russia, Iran,
Europe and Central Asia
28. Technology-control cartels: the NSG, Missile Technology
Control Regime, Australia Group and Wassenaar Arrangement
29. Nepals new constitution will let it remain a parliamentary
democracy (not making it a presidential system)
30. India and Georgia recently signed an MoU for exchange of
knowledge about electoral processes
31. Social Progress Index- launched in 2013 and is based on 52
indicators of countries social and environmental performance.
It includes no economic indicators and measures
outcomes
32. Katchatheevu island was ceded by India to Sri Lanka in 1974
to maintain friendly relations without any constitutional
amendment
33. Magna Carta:
No one is above the law, including the King
First step towards Parliamentary Democracy
34. What is UNESCAP? United Nations Economic and Social
Commission for Asia and the Pacific
35. G4 countries: Brazil, India, Germany, Japan; the four
countries are backing each others bids for permanent seats on
the UNSC
36. G7 countries: USA, UK, Canada, France, Germany, Italy,
Japan
37. G8 countries: Group of eight highly industrialized nationsFrance, Germany, Italy, UK, Japan, USA, Canada, and Russia
38. The coastlines of the Caspian sea are shared by Azerbaijan,
Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan
39. Battle of Waterloo: 200th anniversary celebrated recently;
Napoleon was finally defeated and sent to St. Helena
40. Indian Ocean Rim Organization
The IORA is a regional forum, tripartite in nature, bringing
together representatives of Government, Business
and Academia, for promoting co-operation and closer
interaction among them
The region is vital to global shipping lanes, and thus of
immense strategic importance to countries in the region as
well as globally
20 member states- South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania,
Kenya, Madagascar, Comoros, Mauritius, Seychelles, Iran,
Oman, UAE, Yemen, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Malaysia,

Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Australia (Maldives, Pakistan,

Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Myanmar are not members)
China has invested millions of dollars in recent years building
seaports and highways in countries stretching from the
Maldives to Sri Lanka that lie on vital shipping lanes through
which much of its energy supplies and trade passes
India, alarmed at the prospect of China building a network of
friendly ports in a String of Pearls across the Indian Ocean,
has stepped up its diplomacy, offering a range of civil and
military assistance
The distinct Indian vision of a security umbrella in the Indian
Ocean is reflected in two landmark agreements signed during
Modi's visits to Seychelles and Mauritius, whereby New
Delhi acquired infrastructure development rights in
Assumption Island and Agalega Island in Mauritius
and Seychelles - two vital listening posts. By operating and
sharing surveillance systems on these islets, India is
explicitly helping their host nations "access the moves of
unsavoury elements in the region

41. IAEA (is it a part of the UN?)

Seeks to promote peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to

prohibit its use for any military purpose, including
manufacturing of nuclear weapons
Reports to the UNGA and the UNSC (although it is an
independent body)
The IAEA Board of Governors (which sets most of the policy)
consists of 22 member states elected by the General
Conference (163 states), and at least 10 member states
nominated by the outgoing Board
IAEA promotes development of peaceful applications of
nuclear technology, provide international safeguards against
misuse of nuclear technology and nuclear materials, and
promote nuclear safety (including radiation protection) and
nuclear security standards and their implementation
Three main areas of work that underpin the IAEA's mission
are: Safety and Security; Science and Technology; and
Safeguards and Verification
The IAEA executes this mission with three main functions: the
inspection of existing nuclear facilities to ensure their
peaceful use, providing information and developing
standards to ensure the safety and security of nuclear
facilities, and as a hub for the various fields of science
involved in the peaceful applications of nuclear technology
IAEA has been criticized for its advocacy of nuclear power,
and also for its sluggish response to the Fukushima disaster
IAEA recommends safety standards, but member
states are not required to comply; it promotes nuclear

energy, but it also monitors nuclear use; it is the sole global

organization overseeing the nuclear energy industry,
yet it is also weighed down by checking compliance with the
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) these contradictions
make its work complicated and slow
42. Euthanasia in India
Passive euthanasia entails the withholding of common
treatments, such as antibiotics, necessary for the
continuance of life
Passive euthanasia occurs when the patient dies because the
medical professionals either dont do something necessary to
keep the patient alive, or when they stop doing something
that is keeping the patient alive such as: Switch off lifesupport machines; disconnect a feeding tube; dont carry out
a life-extending operation etc.
Passive euthanasia is legal in India: On 7 March 2011
the Supreme Court of India legalised passive euthanasia by
means of the withdrawal of life support to patients in
a permanent vegetative state. The decision was made as
part of the verdict in a case involving Aruna Shanbaug, who
had been in a Persistent Vegetative State (PVS) until her
death in 2015
43. British Parliamentary system: see dropbox
44. Silk Road Initiative (Basics, anticipated impact)
45. How many total members does UNSC have? If UNSCs
structure was ever to change, what would be the procedure?
(voting, but how?)
46. UNHRC composition- how many seats? How many permanent
members?
47.

Turkey- Erdogan

48.

Bashir ICC editorial 10 June

49. Forum for India-Pacific Island Conference (FIPIC):It is a

multinational grouping developed in 2014 for cooperation
between India and 14 Pacific Islands nations
50. The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a regional
economic forum established in 1989 to leverage the growing
interdependence of the Asia-Pacific. APEC has 21 members.
APEC operates as a cooperative, multilateral economic and
trade forum. There are no binding commitments or treaty
obligations. Commitments are undertaken on a
voluntary basis and capacity building projects help
members implement APEC initiatives.
51.

Under Articles 29-31 of the Vienna Convention on

Diplomatic Relations, 1961, any diplomat is inviolable and

the state is bound to prevent any attack on him, his family and
even his private residence, that enjoys the same protection
as an embassy. The immunity of diplomatic agents may be
waived by the sending State. While waiver of immunity in
criminal cases is not common, it is routinely sought but rarely
granted.
There is also a geopolitical side to this issue. India and Saudi
Arabia share cordial relations. Apart from the fact that Saudi
Arabia is Indias second largest supplier of crude oil and its
fourth largest trade partner (bilateral trade reached nearly $40
billion in 2014-15), it is also home to a sizeable diaspora of over
2.5 million Indians.
52. Crowdsourcing help in online forums might be a good idea
to counter the rising online influence of the IS
53. G4: The G4 nations comprising Brazil, Germany, India, and
Japan are four countries which support each others bids for
permanent seats on the United Nations Security Council. The
G4s bids are often opposed by Uniting for Consensus
movement, and particularly their economic competitors or
political rivals
54. India is not a signatory to the Rome Statuete- thus, it does
not recognize the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court
(ICC) (relevant because India has invited the Sudanese
President Omar-Al-Bashir to participate in a conference
55.

Nepal constitution:

5th such constitution

Defines Nepal as a secular country, despite widespread
protests for it to be declared a Hindu state
First in Asia to specifically protect the rights of lesbian, gay,
bisexual and transgender communities: The state and the
judiciary are prohibited from discriminating against sexual
and gender minorities
India doesnt like this because the constituency
delimitation is skewed against the Madhes population as half
the population, that is the Pahadi (Hill) community gets 100
seats but the other half consisting of the Madhesi and the
Janjatis get only 65 seats
56.
The first South Asian Annual Disaster Management Exercise
(SAADMEx) 2015 was recently inaugurated. The exercise
provides a platform for strengthening regional disaster
response mechanism amongst the SAARC countries.

1. India and Bangladesh recently signed the Standard

Operating Procedure (SOP) to operationalize the
Agreement on Coastal Shipping signed between the two
countries. The SOP contains provisions which stipulate that
India and Bangladesh shall render same treatment to
the other countrys vessels as it would have done to its
national vessels used in international sea transportation. The
opening of coastal shipping between India and Bangladesh
would enable the movement of cargo to the North East
through coastal shipping upto Chittagong and thereafter by
road/inland waterways.
2. What China means for world steel today, Britain meant in
1875 with a nearly 50 per cent share of the global pig iron
production and 40 per cent share of steel production. There
already is a major Darwinian cull of British steel and steel
processing industry. Much of the remaining capacity is likely to
go under as world steel prices, down athird so far this year,
are at their lowest in over a decade. A toxic cocktail of high
energy bills, green taxes on emissions, crippling business
rates and a strong pound makes Britain a very high cost steel
production centre. The Chinese steel industry, roiled by the
slowest economic growth in the country since 1990 which has
caused adecline in steel demand, is under increasing pressure
to export the metal. In Europe, Britain is seen as the softest
target where bargainhunting traders and consumers are
snapping up low- priced Chinese commodity steel in growing
quantities. China, the worlds largest producer and user of
steel, is nursing over half of the excess global capacity
estimated at 645 million tonnes by OECD. But Beijing is not
finding it easy to weed out all the polluting and uneconomic
capacity because of provincial concerns of unemployment
and social unrest.
Emergency has been imposed in Maldives (suspension of
democracy)
3. A pilot project to install high-resolution surveillance cameras
along the China border, undertaken in 2013 to monitor the
movement along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) has failed to
give the desired results and the government is now rethinking
its strategy
4. Pakistan and Russia have signed an agreement to build
a gas pipeline stretching hundreds of kilometres from
Karachi on the Arabian Sea to the eastern city of Lahore
(important because Russia had traditionally been a close
Indian ally)

5. The Kaladan project connects Sittwe Port in Myanmar to the

India-Myanmar border in Mizoram (sea connectivity between
West Bengal port and Sittwe port in Myanmar, and from there,
development of a highway to connect Sittwe port with
Mizoram (India-Myanmar border). It is expected to open up
sea routes and promote economic development in the Northeastern states, and also add value to the economic,
commercial and strategic ties between India and Myanmar
6. The BRICS nations have decided to allow free movement
of skilled professionals among member countries by
setting up a liberalised visa regime. This joint declaration was
issued at the first-ever ministerial meeting on migration held
recently in Sochi, Russia
7. The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) is an
informal and voluntary partnership between 34 countries to
prevent the proliferation of missile and unmanned aerial
vehicle technology capable of carrying a 500 kg payload for at
least 300 km. India and China are not members, but India had
been tryinh level hard to gain entry
8. Food and Agriculture Organization is an agency of the
United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat
hunger.It acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as
equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy
9. Germany has expressed its inability to sign the Mutual
Legal Assistance Treaty (MLAT) with India, citing its
provision for death penalty for heinous crimes and terror
activities
When evidence or other forms of legal assistance, such as
witness statements or the service of documents, are needed
from a foreign sovereign, states may attempt to cooperate
informally through their respective police agencies or,
alternatively, resort to what is typically referred to as requests
for mutual legal assistance
10.
Under the new Silk Route, the Chinese want to open up
the transportation channel from the Pacific to the Baltic Sea,
from which would radiate rail and road routes, which would
also connect with East Asia, West Asia, and South Asia
11.
G20: The Group of Twenty is an international forum for
the governments and central bank governors from 20 major
economies. The members include 19 individual countries and
the European Union. The G20 operates as a forum and not as
an organisation. Therefore, it does not have any permanent
secretariat or management and administrative structure
1. 'Like Minded Developing Countries' (LMDCs) is a negotiating
block. For climate change negotiations, their demand is that
the resulting framework not only be mitigation-centric, but

also focus on adaptation, finance, capacity building, and tech

and resource transfers as well
2. If India signs the CTBT, it will be beneficial for helping India
gain access to the NSG, Australia Group, Wassenaar
Arrangement, and the MTCR (Missile Technology Control
Regime); would also make the case for India gaining a UNSC
seat stronger
India doesn't want to sign the CTBT/ NPT because it creates a
global nuclear apartheid, and doesn't check vertical
proliferation within nations that were first to develop nuclear
power
3. India's 'Look West' policy focuses on better bilateral relations
with countries in West Asia/Middle East (Gulf Cooperation
Council- GCC)
4. CGPCS: Contact Group of Piracy off the Coast of Somalia