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Brakes Report
Brakes Report
Brakes Report
The objective of the braking system is to provide a reliable and prompt deceleration for the vehicle.
Moreover, the driver must have complete control of the vehicle while the brakes are activated. More
importantly, the brakes must be capable of locking up all four wheels while on the pavement, which is
one of the requirements stated by the BAJA SAE rules. According to our calculation of the clamp
force requirement and the brake available in the market we have we decided to use the disc brake in
all four wheel i.e front and rear. The selectivity includes cost and availability of the brake.
Combination of brakes:
We are using disc brakes in both front and rear because it provides more efficient braking and
according to our requirement.
According to dynamic force distribution 60% weight is on front side and 40% on rear side
during braking. So disc brake in all four wheel will serve our purpose.
Maintaining brake balance under different situations such as normal, and very heavy brake
use. Disc brakes also lend themselves to being more effective .Reduces upspring mass
Since more dynamic frictional force is required on front wheels so disc brake will be very
useful.
The drum brake has only one surface to dissipate the energy - the disc has two surfaces. Less weight
of disc brake increases steering ability as there is less inertia.
Brake
Disc brake
(front and rear wheel)
Company
Maruti 800 (rear)
Hydraulic system
The brakes hydraulic system is controlled by single brake pedal, locking all the
wheels at a time. We are using OEM master cylinder for actuation of brake
fluid. We have the pedal ratio of 5:1. This is done to meet our braking
requirement.
The brake fluid which we are using this time is DOT 3 .It is widely
recommended, it is effective as well as economical.
Brakes calculation:
GIVEN:
BRAKE CALCULATIONS:
P = Tubing pressure.
F = Force on biasing bar.
A = Area of master cylinder.
A1 =Area of calliper piston
F1 = Clamping force on rotor.
= Coefficient of friction between pad and rotor.
N = Normal force on rotor.
1 = Coefficient of friction between new tire and good road.
Fr = Frictional force on tire.
N1 = Normal force on tire.
Re = Effective radius of calliper.
Tr = Braking torque.
Re = Effective radius of calliper.
Rr = Radius of rotor.
Ad = Deceleration of car.
Aa = Average deceleration of car.
V = Velocity of the car.
St = Total distance travel by vehicle.
T = Total time taken by the vehicle to stop.
The value of coefficient between new tire and good road surface is 0.8.
So friction force on tire (Fr) = (1*N1).
Braking torque due to friction on tire = Braking Torque produce by clamping force on rotor.
Therefore F1*Re = Tr.
Rr=90.82 mm
Diameter of rotor = 181.64 mm.
STOPING DISTANCE:
V2-U2=2(Aa) S.
0-(11.11)2=2*1.59*9.81*S
S= 3.95 m [Breaking distance]
Reaction time+build up time+perception= 0.8 s.
Therefore total distance travel by vehicle in this time is
Se= 11.11*0.8= 8.88m.
Therefore total distance (St) = S+Se
=12.83m.
TIME CALCULATION:
V=U+ (Aa)*t
Thermal calculation
T amb =ambient temperature=300 k
Q =flux produced in disc rotor (W/m2)
T max =maximum temp. attained by rotor=
Arotor= area of rotor
Disc rotor is of gray cast iron hence value of following:D rotor =density of disc rotor = 6600 kg/m3
C =brake disc specific heat capacity = 460 J/kg/k
K=brake disc thermal conductivity = 50 W/(m k)
Kinetic energy=mv2/2
=270*16.67*16.67/2
KE=37515.0 J
Power (P) = Change in KE/t (t=1sec)
P = 37515.0 W
Flux (Q) =P/ Arotor
Arotor = *(0.12 0.072) =0.016022 m2
Q =37515/0.016022 = 2.34146 * 106 W/m2
=400.727 K
Heat analysis of disc brake