ACFN]ZL4 lN,[ZL TYF .

AFNTU]hFZL VG[ GD|TFDF\

V[0 HGZ, o ;,FC]LG V{IA
} LGL SFA[l,ITMGF VF56F

5ZFIF ;F{ 5|X;

\ S K[P T[ D]lCN[ VFchD H[6[ 5MTFGF D]lCNFGF
lSZNFZ J0[ .;F. HUTDF\ TC[,SM DRFJL VF%IM4 VG[ F\;4
.8F,L4 HD"GL4 GMJ["4 0[gDFS"4 l;;,L VG[ u,[g0GF NZ[S RR"
TYF pDZFJMV[ VF5;GF DTE[NM E},FJL NLWF VG[ .:,FD TYF
.:,FDGF V[S DCFG HGZ,GL lJ~ K ,FBYL JW] D;LCL V[S
Y.G[ D[NFGDF\ VFJL UIF4 56 .:,FDGF VF UJ"G[ 5F+ ;5}T[
DNF"GFJFZ D]SF A,M SZLG[ ACFN]ZL TYF lN,[ZLGM V[S GJM .lTCF;
ZRL VF%IMP ;]<TFG V{I}AL G S[J/ .:,FDL .lTCF; A<S[
N]lGIFGF .lTCF;GF VlT DxC}Z lJH[TFVM TYF ZFHSTF"VMDF\YL
K[P lCP;P 5ZZDF\ JT"DFG .ZFSGF XC[Z lTSZLTDF\ 5[NF YIFP
T[DGM ;\A\W S]N" SAL,FYL K[P
VF5G]\ GFD I};]O K[4 l5TFG]\ GFD V{I}A lAG XFhL CT]\P
S]lgGIT VA], D]hOOZ VG[ ,SA Dl,S]gGFl;Z K[4 IFZ[ S[
;F{YL 5|bIFT ,SA H[ CJ[ VM/B AGL R}SIM K[ T[ ;,FC]LG
e

02

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

01

AGL R}5SLNL ;FWL VD[lZSF lA|8GGF U],FDGL H[D JTL" ZF

K[ V[JF ;DI[ VFH[ .:,FDGF V[S DCFG D]lCNGL IFN
VFJL ZCL K[ S[ H[6[ AIT], D]S; lSa,FV[ VjJ, D:HN[
V;FG[ sH[ CJ[ .P;P !)&* YL IC}NLVMGF SADF\ K[f
.;F.VMGF SADF\YL D]T SZFjI]\ CT]\P VFJM T[ DN[" D]lCN
;]<TFG ;,FC]LG V{I}AL
GF JG J'F\TGL V[S h,S
lGCFZL ,.V[ VG[ T[DGL B}ALVMG[ [.V[ S[ DCFG ;]5Z
5FJZ TFSTM ;FD[ XFYL T[ lJH[TF AgIF m VG[ VFHGF :JFYL"
ZFHSZ6LVMGF JGG[ [.V[ S[ S[8,F GLR TYF :JFYL" BIF,M
T[DGF K[P

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
e

VFH[ 5[ , [ : 8F.GGL E} D L 5Z VD[ l ZSF TYF T[ G F ;FYL

N[XMGF ;DY"GYL .hZF.,GF IC}NLVM YSL H]<DM l;TDGF
;J" Z[SM0M" A[|S Y. ZF K[P D];,DFGMGF lSa,FV[ VjJ,
AIT], D]S;GL4 D:HN[ VS;FGL A[C]D"TL Y. ZCL K[4
5[,[:8F.GL AF/SM4 I]JFGM4 :+LVMGL HAZN:TL WZ5S0M Y.
ZCL K[4 B}GL C]d,F Y. ZF K[4 T[DGF 3ZMG[ TM0L 5F0L T[DG[
lCHZT DF8[ OZH 5F0JFDF\ VFJL ZCL K[ V[ 8 ,] H GC
5[,[:8F.GGF XC[ZM4 UFD0F\VM TYF Z[OI] S[d5M 5Z 56
C<,F AM,L ZF K[4 KTF\ VFH[ ;DU| lJ`JGF N[XM TDFXF.
AGL [ . ZF K[ 4 DFGJ VlWSFZGL JFTM SZGFZF 56
5[,[:8F.GL D]:,DMGF ;\CFZG[ U\ELZTFYL GYL ,. ZFP
;\I]T ZFQ8=;\3 sI]GMf 56 VD[lZSFGL S95}T/L CMI T[D SM.
SFI"JFCL GYL SZL Z]\P VgI D]:,D N[XMDF\ DFGJVlWSFZGL
ZF TYF ,MSXFCL :YF5L tIF\GL 5|G[ VdG V5FJJF TYF
SC[JFTF l,D ;FWLXMYL KM0FJJFGF GFD 5Z VD[lZSF4
lA| 8 G TYF ;FYL N[ X MV[ ,FBM D] :,D AF/SM4 :+LVM4
5]~MGF ,MCLGL GNLVM JCFJL TYF tIF\ U'CI]M pEF\ SZLG[
tIF\ G F ,MSMG] \ JG V6" SZL GFbI] \ 4 IFZ[ IC} N L
.hZF.,GF YSL ZMH AZMH YTF 5[,[:8F.GL D]:,DM 5Z
YTF H]<DM ;FD[ ;F{ R}5 K[ SC[JFTF D]:,D N[XM 56 GFDN"

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

VDTFGF SFZ6[ ;F G ;\EF/L XSIM4 K[J8[ D]<S[ XFD 5Z

56 ;]<TFG ;,FC]LG V{I}ALGM SA[ Y. UIMP V[ H JZ;[
IDG TYF lChDF\ T[DGL ;F :Y5F. U.P
VF ;DI .:,FDL HUT DF8[ B}A H GFh]S CTMP I}ZM5GF
.;F.VMV[ ;\I]T XT J0[ E[UF D/LG[ lD;Z TYF XFD
5Z C]D,M SIM"P V[ C]d,FGF 5|lTSFZDF\ ;,FC]LG V{I}ALV[
V0UTFYL D]SFA,M SIM"P AL AFH] OLNF.VM H[VM K]5F.G[
C]d,M SZTF VG[ D];,DFGMGF VDLZMG[ St, SZJFG[ ;JFA
6TF CTF T[D6[ V[JM EFZ[ TC[,SM DRFJL ZFbIM CTM S[ T[
lONF.VMYL ,MSM B}A H 0ZL UIF CTFP V[ l,DMV[ ;]<TFG
;,FC]LG V{I}ALG[ 56 St, SZJFGL SMlXX SZL4 KTF\ T[
V<,FC TVF,FGF Oh,M SZDYL ARL UIFP
;]<TFG ;,FC]LG V{I}AL lD;Z4 XFD4 .ZFS TYF lCh
5Z SA[ SIF" 5KL I[~;,DGL TZO wIFlGT YIFP ;]<TFG[
,0F. X~ SZTF\ 5C[,F\ ;,LAL s.;F.fVM ;D B}A H ;FZL
XZTM ZFBL4 5Z\T]\ T[D6[ V[S JFT G DFGLP K[J8[ ;]<TFG[ AIT],
D]S;GM 3[ZFJ SZL ,LWMP YM0FS H lNJ;MDF\ 3[ZFI[,FVMV[
NIFGL NZBF:T SZLP ;]<TFG[ .;F.VMG[ JTGL TZLS[GF CM
VF5LG[ 5MTFGL ;F C[9/ ZC[JFGL .hT VF5L NLWL VG[
;,LAL ;{lGSMG[ C]SD VF%IM S[ T[VM RF,L; lNJ;GL V\NZ
ALJL ArRF\ ;FY[ AIT], D]S;YL GLS/LG[ TZFA]<; RF<IF
IP T[D6[ ,xSZL ;{lGSM 5Z DFD},L ;ZBM lOlNIM ,FU] SIM"
CTM4 5Z\T]\ N; CZ ;,LAL ;{lGSM TYF AF/ ArRF\GM lOlNIM
B}N 5MTFGL 5F;[YL VNF SZLG[ T[DG[ HJFGL .hT VF5L
NLWL VG[ CZMGM lOlNIM DFO SZL VF%IMP VF OTCDF\ G
St,[VFD Y.4 G TM SM. ,}8DFZ4 A<S[ N]xDGM ;FY[ CDNNL"GM
e

04

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

03

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

K[P VF5GF l5TF GHD]LG V{I}A V[ ;]<TFG VDFN]LG h\UL

TYF T[ D GF D' t I] AFN T[ D GF 5] + G] ~ LG h\ U LGF BF;
lGS8JTL" ,MSMDF\ Y L CTFP V{ I } A L AR5G TYF GJI] J FGLGF
HDFGFDF\ l5TFGL S[ / J6L C[9/ ZFP S[D S[ X~YL H G[SAbTL
TYF A]wW SF{X<ITFGL V;ZM N[BFTL CTL V[8,F DF8[ ;]<TFG
G}~LG h\UL B}A H 5|[DEFJYL JT"TFP V{I}ALV[ G}~LG S[ H[
B}N prR SFGF VFl,D[ NLG TYF DCFG D]lCN CTF T[DGF
YSL 36] AW] XLbI]\4 .AFNTU]hFZL4 ACFN]ZL4 H[CFNGM TZJ/
F8 VG[ G[SLGL EFJGFVM V[ H ;MCATG]\ O/ K[P
AIT], D]S;GF lJH[TF o T[DGL lH\NULGM C[T] NLGG]\
V[,FG CTMP T[ JGEZ .:,FDGF N]xDGMG[ DFT SZJF DF8[
;TS" ZFP D:HN[ VS ; FG[ IC} N LVMGF SAYL VFhFN
SZFJJFG] \ T[ D G] \ lDXG CT] \ H[ D F\ V<,FC TVF,FV[ T[ D G[
SFDIFAL VF5LP T[D6[ 5MTFGF DMCl;G TYF D]ZaAL ;]<TFG
G}~LG h\ULGF bJFAG[ T[DGF lJ;F, AFN JF:TlJTFG]\ :J~5
VF%I]\P
;]<TFG h\ULV[ ;,FC]LGGL SFA[l,ITMG[ D[C;}; SZTF\
T[DG[ T[DGF SFSF X[ZSMCGL ;FY[ lD:ZGL R/J/ 5Z ZJFGF
SIF"4 H[GF 5lZ6FD[ .;F.VMGL CFZ Y.P lJHIL YIF AFN
K[J8[ lCP;P 5&5DF\ ;]<TFG h\ULV[ T[DG[ lD;ZGF J0F D\+L
AGFjIFP lCP;P 5&*DF\ lD:Z OZLYL lB,FOT[ VaAFl;IFGL
;F C[9/ VFJL UI]\ TM T[ JZ;[ AUNFNGF B,LOFV[ V{I}ALGL
SFA[l,ITMGM :JLSFZ SZTF\ T[DG[ lD;Z TYF XFD s;LlZIFfGL
C]S}DTGM 5ZJFGM VF%IM VG[ ;]<TFGGM lBTFA VF%IMP
;PlCP 5&)DF\ ;]<TFG h\ULGL JOFT 5KL NlDxSGF TbT
5Z T[DGM 5]+ Dl,S ;F,[C TbTGXLG YIM 56 T[ 5MTFGL
e

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

VF J6" J [ , ,0F.VMDF\ ;,FC] LG[ H[ XZFOT TYF

DFGJTFGM JTF"J SIM" T[DH H[ ACFN]ZL TYF lN,[ZL NFBJL
V[ G ] \ 5lZ6FD V[ K[ S[ VFH[ 56 ;DU| I} Z M5 ;] < TFG
;,FC]LGG[ DFG ;gDFGGL ;FY[ IFN SZ[ K[ VG[ T[DGL ACFN]ZL
TYF XZFOTGM :JLSFZ SZ[ K[4 IFZ[ S[ ;]<TFG ;,FC]LG[ H[
;DU| I}ZM5 B\0GF ZFVMG[ T[DGF V[SDF+ C[T] sAIT],
D]S;GF SAfDF\ lGQO/ TYF lGZFX SZLG[ 5ZT EUF0IF
CTFP
E,F.GF\ SFDM o B]NFGL Db,}SGL E,F. TYF ZFCTGF
DF8[ ;]<TFG[ 9[S9[SF6[ D];FlOZBFGF AGFjIF\4 E,F.GF\ SFIM"DF\
V[8,F 5|DF6DF\ DF, JSO SIM" S[ 5}J"H A]h]UM"DF\ V[GF Q8F\TM
B}A H VMKF\ [JF D/[ K[P SFlCZFDF\ VhLD]xXFG lXOFBFGFVM
sCM:58,Mf AGFJL4 GC[ZMGL ;OF. SZFJL VG[ N[XGL SFZLUZL
S,F pnMUMGL ;FYM;FY B[TLVMGM 56 BF; ,[CFh ZFbIMP
SFlCZFDF\ ;,FC]LGGL :YF5[, CM:58,GF AFZFDF\ V[S
5|JF;L .aG[ HZLZ ,B[ K[ o V[ CM:58, V[S DC[,GL H[D
H6FI K[ H[DF\ NJFVMGM 36M H DM8M E\0FZ K[P T[6[ :+LVMGL
CM:58, VG[ 5FU,BFGFVMGM 56 p<,[B SIM" K[P
H[CFNL jIJ:YF o N[XGL ZF VG[ .:,FDGF 5|EFJGF
DF8[ T[D6[ S]N"GL V[S ;]jIJ:YT OMH AGFJLP V[ H OMH[ .;F.
;,LAL IMFVMYL D]SFA,M SZLG[ T[DGL XTG[ J[ZlJB[Z SZL
GFBL CTLP H\UL H~ZTGF DF8[ lS<,F A\WFjIF4 lD;ZDF\ HA,[
DSTD 5Z VG[ NlDxSDF\ D[V pDJLGL 5F;[GF lS<,FVM
;,FC]LGGL SFA[l,ITMGL IFNUFZ K[P
lCP;P 5&*DF\ ;]<TFG V{I}ALV[ NlZIF. N/GL TZO wIFG
SI] H[YL ;,LALVMG[ .:,FDL N[XMGL CNM 5|lT R0F. SZJFYL
e ZMSJFDF\ VFJL XS[P NlZIF. N/GF ;\RF,G DF8[ V[S VFB]

06

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

05

AIT], D]S;GL OTCGM CF, ;F\E/LG[ ;DU| I}ZM5 B\0DF\

V[S SIFDT KJF. U. VG[ 3Z[3Z SMCZFD DRL UIMP H[D S[
F\;GM ZF lOl,54 u,[g0GM ZF lZRF0"4 HD"GLGM ZF
O[0lZS VG[ 36F GFGF DM8F ZFVM4 GJFAM TYF pDZFJMV[
V[STF SZLG[ DCFG HAZN:T ,xSZ ;FY[ ;J" V[lXIF B\0G[
OTC SZLG[ .:,FDG]\ GFDM lGXFG lD8FJJFGF .ZFNFYL C]d,M
SIM"P .;F. DCFG OM[G]\ VF DM\ DFZTF ;D] H[J]\ ,xSZ V[
ZLTGF E5SF TYF 9F9DF9 ;FY[ D]<S[ XFD s;LlZIFf TZO
VFU/ JwI]\ S[ C[ZL ZLT[ TM V[J]\ H6FT] CT]\ S[ V[lXIF B\0GL
CJ[ B{ Z GYL 56 VFI" YFI K[ S[ ;] < TFG ;,FC] LG
V{I}ALV[ RFZ JZ;M ;]WL S[8,LI[ ,0F.VM ,0LG[ .;F.VMGF
VF lSGFZF lJGFGF ;D] H[JF ,xSZG[ BFSM B}GDF\ lD,FJL
VF%I]\ VG[ 5MTFGL ;FD[YL EUF0I]\ VG[ AIT], D]S;GL
NLJF,M ;]WL T[G[ G 5CM\RJF NLW]\P K[J8[ lGQO/ TYF lGZFX
.;F. ZFVM A[ . HTL ;FY[ 5ZT YIFP KTF\ ;] < TFG
;,FC]LG[ .;F.VMG[ V[ ZFCT V5"6 SZL S[ [ T[VM AIT],
D]S;DF\ S[J/ lhIFZTGF DF8[ VFJ[ TM T[DG[ SM. TGL
ZMS8MS SZJFDF\ GC VFJ[P
e

JTF"J SZJFDF\ VFjIMP

V[ H 5|DF6[ lCP;P 5(# s.P;P !Z(*fDF\ (( JZ;M
5KL AIT], D]S; OZLJFZ D];,DFGMGF SADF\ VFJL
UI]\P tIFZAFN cc;FT ;NLVMYL JW] ;DI ;]WLcc ;TT
,xSZL C]d,FVM YJF KTF\ VF 5lJ+ XC[Z JT"DFG
.hZF.,L C]S}DT :YFl5T YTF\ ;]WL D];,DFGMGF CFYMDF\
Z]\P

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

V5FJTF\ S]\4 ccZ;},]<,FC

GF BFlNDGL C{l;ITYL pdDT[
D] : TOFGL DNN DF8[ C] \ CFHZ K] \ cc 5KL 5MTFGL T<JFZ
dIFGDF\YL SF-LG[ S[J/ V[S hF8SM DFIM" VG[ T[G[ HCgGD
ZXLN SZTF\ S]\4 ccU]:TFB[ Z;},GM VF H V\D K[ cc
hMCNM TSJFGM VF,D o ;]<TFG V{I}ALG[ DF, TYF
NF{,T HDF SZJFGF V;\bI DMSFVM D?IF KTF\ T[D6[ N]lGIJL
DF, ;\5lYL ,F,R G JTL"P VF5 X6 TYF SM8GGM ;FNM
l,AF; 5C[ZTF4 ;FNM BMZFS TYF ;FNL ;JFZLGM p5IMU SZTFP
VtI\T NIF/]4 ;BL TYF CIFJF/F CTFP ;TT jI:T ZC[TF
CMJF KTF\ C;D]BF TYF B]X Vb,FS CTFP N]lGIFYL T[DGL
A[ ~ BLGM VF,D V[ CTM S[ lCP;P 5*&DF\ IFZ[ OFTDL
lB,FOTGM BFtDM YIM TM T[DGM ;FhM ;FDFG ;]<TFG V{I}ALGF
C:TS VFjIM4 56 T[D6[ V[DF\YL S\F. 56 G ZFbI\]P VC
ccTFZLB[ lD<,TccGF CJF,FYL V[ ;FDFGG]\ lJUTJFZ J6"G ZH}
SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ H[ JF\RSM DF8[ lN,R:5LGM ;AA AGX[P
ccS{;FlZIFGF CMI]U[ tIF\GF BGFVM TYF HJFlCZFTGM H[
VAM UZLA CF, [.G[ H[ J6"G SI] K[ T[GF 5ZYL tIF\GL
NF{,TGM SF\.S V\X[ V\NFhM Y. XS[ K[P B,LOF VFlhNGF D'tI]
5Z ;,FC]LG[ T[GF HJFlCZFTDF\YL V[S h]D]Z"N s,L,F Z\UGM
lS\DTL 5yYZf [IM H[ AFZ VF\U/LVM H[8,M CTM VG[ V[S
IFS}T GHZYL U]HIM" H[G]\ GFD HA,[ G}Z CT]\P V[ IFS}TG]\ JHG
V\U[| lC;FAYL Z$__ S[Z[8 CT]\P V[ IFS}TG]\ B}N .aG[ VLZ[
JHG SI] CT]\P OFTDLVMGL NF{,T H[ HJFlCZFT TYF hJ[ZFTGF
~5DF\ CTL T[ JZ;M ;]WL F\T~5 ZCLPcc
V[ H B,LOFVMDF\YL V[S B,LOFGF HJFC[ZFTGL IFNLDF\
B}A H 5|DF6DF\ DMTLVM TYF h]D]Z"NMGL ;\bIF JF\RJFDF\ VFJ[
e K[ P V[ H ZLT[ lA<,MZGF SMTZ[ , F\ JF;6M4 G X M TYF

08

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

07

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

BFT] :YF%I] H[G[ NLJFG[ V:T},GF GFDYL VM/BJFDF\ VFjI]\P

VF BFTFGM J0M ;]<TFGGM EF. Dl,S VFlN, CTMP
NZU]hZJ'l TYF K}8KF8GL :YlT o ;]<TFGGL
D] Z jJT sDF6;F.f TYF NZU] h ZJ' l GL V[ CF,T CTL S[
AIT] , D] S ;GL OTC AFN .;F.VMGF J0FVM AIT] ,
D]S;GL lhIFZT sD],FSFTf DF8[ VFJTF TM ;]<TFG V{I}AL
T[DGL ;FY[ ;NJTF"JYL JT"TF4 DFOL TYF NZU]hZYL SFD ,[TF
VG[ DC[DFGGJFhL SZTFP V[DF\ lN,G[ B]X SZJFGM C[T] CTMP
;]<TFGGF lSZNFZGL prRTFGM V\NFhM V[ AGFJ 5ZYL ,UF0L
XSFI K[ S[ .;F. OMHGM J0M sZF lZR0"f H[ D];,DFGMGF
St,[VFDDF\ VFU/ 50TM EFU EHJGFZ CTM T[ ALDFZ Y.
UIM TM ;]<TFG V{I}ALV[ T[GF DF8[ AZO TYF O/M DMS<IF\P
Z;},[5FS
GF ;gDFGGL ZF o V[SJFZ pN]"GGF
.,FSF S]S"GF .;F. ZF sZ[GM<0fV[ JRGE\U sSZFZf SIM"4
5MTFGF lJ:TFZDF\YL 5;FZ YGFZF CFVMGF SFO,FG[ ,}8L
,LWM VG[ SFO,FJF/FVMG[ S[N SZL NLWFP IFZ[ T[ CFVMV[
OlZIFN SZL TM T[6[ DhFS p0FJTF\ B}A H S8FGL ZLT[ S]\4
ccIF\ K[ TDFZF D]CdDN m CJ[ V[DG[ AM,FJM S[ T[ VFJLG[
TDG[ KM0FJL ,[ cc
;]<TFG[ V[G[ R[TJ6L VF5L 56 T[6[ 5ZJF G SZL4 TM ;]<TFG[
S;D BF.G[ JRG ,LW]\ S[ VF ;],[C E\U SZGFZF SFlOZG[ B]NFV[
RF]]\ TM DFZF CFY[ ST, SZLX H[YL CTLGGF H\U sZALp,
VFBZ lCP;P 5(#fYL OFlZU YIF AFN S] S " G F CFlSD
Z[GM<0G[ sH[G[ VZA .lTCF;SFZM VZGFTGF GFDYL IFN
SZ[ K[f AM,FjIM VG[ ;]<TFG[ T[GF U]:TFBL5}6" XaNM IFN
e

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

5[,[:8F.G4 IDG TYF lCh D]S; 5Z C]S}DT SZLP AIT],

D]S; OTC SI] 5Z\T] JOFT 5KL T[DGF KM0[,F DF,DF\
S[J/ V[S NLGFZ TYF K+L; lNZCD GLS?IF V[GF
l;JFI SM. ULZ4 AFU4 DSFG4 ;MGF RF\NL VYJF
SM. 56 TGL INFNGF VF5 DFl,S G CTFP
;LZT TYF lSZNFZ o ;]<TFG ;,FC]LG VlTXI G[S
lN,4 VFJF/F TYF ;];\:SFZL DF6; CTFP ZCDT TYF
5[|DEFJGM HhAM T[DGFDF\ S}8L S}8LG[ EZFI[,M CTMP ;\ID
TYF ;CGXL,TF T[ D GF lSZNFZGL TZL VFJTL B} A CTLP
BFlNDM lJGF ;\SMR[ VFJLG[ T[DGF UFN,F ;FY[ A[;L HTF CTFP
V[SJFZ T[DGF V[S U],FD[ T[DG[ ,[lBT NZBF:T 5[X SZLP T[
JBT[ T[D6[ 5MTFGM HD6M CFY VFZFD DF8[ O[,FJ[,M CTMP
U] , FD A[ B IF,LDF\ 5MTFGM 5U T[ D GF CFY 5Z ZFBLG[
;FYM;FY A[;L UIM VG[ Vh" SZL4 VF NZBF:T 5Z D\H}ZL
,BL VF5MP ;]<TFG R}5 ZFP IFZ[ U],FD[ JFZ\JFZ VFU|C
SIM" TM ;]<TFG[ S]\4 CFY J0[ ,B]\ S[ 5U J0[ m BFlND[ RM\SLG[
5MTFGM 5U ;]<TFGGF CFY 5Z [IM TM B}A H XZDNM YIM4
56 ;]<TFG[ T[G[ SF\. G S]\P
V[S Xb;[ ;]<TFG 5Z NFJM NFB, SZL VF%IMP V[ NFJM
5FIFlCG ;FlAT YIM TM V[ Xb; XlDNM YIM4 56 ;]<TFG[
T[G[ pDNF l,AF;4 V[S BrRZ TYF IMuI ZSD TMCOFDF\ VF5LG[
lJNFI SIM"P CD[XF\ VIMuI RRF"YL 5ZC[h SZTF4 SNL 5MTFGF
CFY[ V[J]\ ODF"G ZL GYL SI] H[GFYL SM. D];,DFGG[ N]oB
5CM\R[P
T[DG[ H[CFNGL ;FRL ,UG CTLP V[SJFZ T[DGF GLR,F
EFUDF\ OM<,F 50L UIF H[GF SFZ6[ VF5 A[;LG[ BFJF BFI
e XTF G CTF4 5Z\T]\ V[ CF,TDF\ 56 H[CFNGL ;ZUDL"DF\ OZS

10

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

09

SMTZSFDGL AGFJ[,L RL[4 ;\N}S JU[Z[ H[GF 5Z T TGF

;MGFGL SFZLUZL CTLP B]ZXLVM TYF ~DMGM VgI ;FDFG4 ;]B
;UJ0 ;J8GL RL[ H[ CFYLNF\T TYF ;\N, JU[Z[GL CTL
T[G]\ J6"G [JF D/[ K[P z[Q9 5|SFZGF RLGLGF %IF,FVM TYF
;]ZFCLVM H[DF\ S5}Z TYF D]xS sS:T}ZLf EZ[, ZC[T]\ CT]\4
OF{,FNGF VF.GF H[GL [DM ;MGF RF\NLGL CTL VG[ [DMGF
lSGFZFVM 5Z h]D]Z"N TYF CLZF H0[,F CTFP ;\U[ ;DFS sDFK,L
H[JF SMTZ[, 5yYZfGL D[[4 V;\bI TF\AFGF JF;6M H[GF 5Z
;MGF RF\NLGM -M/ R-FJ[, CTMP NLJF,GF ;M[G[ZL EZTGF Z[XDL
5NF"VM 5Z AFNXFCMGF lR+M ;MGFYL AG[, CTF\P VF ;J"
NF{,T H[ ;,FC]LGG[ D/L V[DF\YL V[S RLH 56 T[D6[ 5MTFGL
5F;[ G ZFBLP S[8,LS RL[ ;]<TFG G}~NLG H\ULGL 5F;[ DMS,L
VF5L TM S[ 8 ,LS RL[ 5MTFGF ;FYLVMDF\ JC[ \ R L VF5LP
S]T]ABFGFDF\ V[S ,FB JL; CZ S,DL G]:BF CTF4 T[ ;J"
lSTFAM T[D6[ 5MTFGF JhLZ SFhL OFlh,G[ E[8 WZL NLWLP
AFSLGM ;J" ;FDFG J[RLG[ V[GL SDT AIT], DF,DF\ NFB,
SZL NLWL H[ ;F{GF ,FE DF8[ CT]\Pcc
CFlOh .aG[ SLZ[ .aG[ VAL TIGF CJF,FYL V[ S
S]T]ABFGFDF\ lSTFAMGL H[ ;\bIF J6"JL K[ V[GF 5ZYL T[GL
lJXF/TFGM V\NFhM YFI K[P ,B[ K[ o ccVC lSTFAMGM V[S
BGM CFY ,FuIM .:,FDL HUTDF\ V[G]\ F\T GYL D/T]P
V[DF\ ,UEU JL; ,FB lSTFAM CTLP VFI"GL JFT V[ K[ S[
V[ V[DF\ ccTFZLB[ lTAZLcc V[S H lSTFAGF AFZ;M JL; G]:BF
56 ;FD[, CTFPcc
D] :,D pdDTGF VF SFA[ , ZCG] D F4 prR SFGF
ZFHGLlT74 DCFG HGZ,4 5|bIFT OFT[C VG[ NANAFJF/F
;]<TFG[ lD;Z4 ;}0FG4 ;LlZIF4 pN]"G4 TZFA]<;4 ,[AGFG4

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

5|J'lTVMDF\ jI;TTF KTF\ .AFNTGF XMBYL ,AZ[h CTFP

CD[XF\ GDFh AFHDFVT VNF SZTFP D'tI]YL 5C[,F\ ,F\AF
VZ;F ;]WL VF5GL SNL HDFVT K}8L GYL4 tIF\ ;]WL S[ D'tI]J[/
FGL ALDFZLDF\ 56 AFHDFVT GDFhYL D[C~D GYL ZFP V[S
.DFDGL 0I}8L CTL S[ T[ T[DGF C]HZFDF\ VFJLG[ HDFVT SZFJL
VF5TF VG[ SD[ZL TYF VXT KTF\ TS,LO p9FJLG[ pEF
Y.G[ GDFh 5-TFP NLG TYF NLGGL lGXFGLVMGL B}A H
TFchLD SZTF VG[ GZD lN, TYF BF{O[ B]NFDF\ B}A H 5|DF6DF\
VF\;}\ JCFJGFZF CTFP

VhFGGL ;FY[ N]~NM ;,FD 5-JFGM C]SD o

.DFD XVZFGL ,B[ K[ o ccVFlN, AFNXFC ;]<TFG ;,FC]LG

V{I}ALV[ DMVhlhGG[ Z;},[ SZLD
5Z ;,FTM ;,FD
5-JFGM C] S D ODF" j IM VG[ VF C] S D N[ X GF ;J" XC[ Z M4
UFD0F\VM TYF S:AFVMDF\ ZC[GFZFVM DF8[ VFD CTMP V<,FC
TVF,F V[DG[ HhFV[ B{Z VTF ODF"J[Pcc
;]<TFG[ D[/J[,F lJHIM o ;]<TFG V{I}ALGF lJHIMGL
,F\AL IFNL K[P V[DG]\ GFD OTC TYF DNNG]\ p5GFD CT]\4 H[
TZO 56 Z]B SZTF SFDIFAL T[DGF\ SND R}DTLP T[D6[ lD;Z4
NlDxS 4 C,A4 AV<A<S4 A{ ~ T4 DUlZA4 lCh4 IDG4
V<S]N; TYF .;F.VMGF S[8,FI[ .,FSFVM VG[ ;F.9 lS<,F
OTC SIF"P [ VlWS YM0MS VZ;M J\T ZC[T TM 5}J" TYF
5lD4 GS TYF N}ZGF ;J" .,FSFVM 5Z SA[ SZLG[ VFBL
N]lGIF OTC SZL ,[TP
lJ;F, o lCP;P 5()GF ;OZGL DwIDF\ ;]<TFG V{I}ALG[
TFJ4 SDZM YIM VG[ ZMHAZMH VXT JWTL U.4 K[J8[ Z$
JZ;M 5}ZF CMH,F, TYF XFG AFG ;FY[ C] S } D T SIF" AFN
Z* ;OZ lCP;P 5()DF\ 5* JZ;GL pDZDF\ .:,FDGM
e

12

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

11

G VFjIMP ;JFZYL hCMZ ;]WL VG[ V;ZYL DUlZA ;]WL ;TT

3M0FGL 5L9 5Z ZC[ T F T[ D G[ B} N VFI" YT] CT] \ P VG[
DM8FEFU[ SF SZTF CTF S[ IF\ ;]WL 3M0FGL 5L9 5Z ZC] K]\
tIF\ ;]WL ;3/L TS,LO HTL ZC[ K[ VG[ T[GF 5ZYL pTZTF\
OZLYL TS,LO X~ Y. I K[
.<D TYF VNAYL ,UFJ o T[DGF AR5GGF CF,FT
TYF TFc,LDL CF,TGL VlWS lJUT GYL D/TL4 V<A V[DF\
XS GYL S[ T[DG[ .<D TYF VNAYL 36L lN,Rx5L CTLP CFlOh
.aG[ SLZ ,B[ K[4 ccT[DG[ NLJFG[ CDF;F X~YL V\T ;]WL
;\5}6" IFN CT]\P .<DL RRF"VMDF\ EFU ,[TF4 S]VF"G[ SZLD VG[
CNL[ 5FSG[ ;F\E/J]\ UDT] CT]\ VG[ T[G[ NZZMH ;F\E/TF4
tIF\ ;] W L S[ V[ S JFZ H\ U GF D[ N FGDF\ IFZ[ S[ T[ D GL OMH
N]xDGGF ;FDGFDF\ pE[,L CTL tIFZ[ T[D6[ V[S D]ClG[
NZBF:T SZLG[ 5MTFGL OMHGL ;OMDF\YL 5;FZ YTF\ YTF\ T[DGF
YSL D] A FZS CNLM ;F\ E /LP p,DF TYF ;F,[ C LG ;FY[
DCMaAT CTL4 T[DGL DHl,;MDF\ A[;TF VG[ T[DGL ;FY[
;NJTF"J SZJFG[ B]XG;LAL ;DHTFP
lD;ZDF\ IFZ[ XLVF OFTDL B,LOFVMGL ;F CTL tIFZ[
T[VMG[ DN=;FVMYL SM. lN,R:5L G CTL4 V[8,F DF8[ T[DGF
HDFGFDF\ lD;Z DN=;FVMYL ,UEU BF,L CT]\P ;F{ 5|YD
;]<TFG ;,FC]LG[ VC DN=;F :YF%IFP V[ H 5|DF6[ AIT],
D]S;4 NlDxS JU[Z[DF\ DN=;FVM TYF BFGSFCM :YF5L VG[
T[DGL jIJ:YF TYF ;\RF,GGF DF8[ INFNM JSO SZL VF5LP
lGBF,;TF TYF A[GO;LGM V[ VF,D CTM S[ SM. DN=;FG[
5MTFGF GFD ;FY[ ;\ A \ l WT G SIM" 4 ;J" E,F.GF\ SFDM
V<,FCGL ZhF DF8[ V\D VF5TFP
.AFNTGM XMB o ;]<TFG ;,FC]LG V{I}AL D]lCNFGF
e

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

SZJFDF\ VFjI] \ V[ D GF ;FCAhFNF Dl,S VOh, G} Z ] LG

V,LV[ V[GF 5Z ZMhF D]AFZS A\WFjIMP SC[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[
;]<TFG V{I}ALGL ;FY[ H T[DGL T<JFZ 56 NOG SZJFDF\ VFJL
H[GF ;FY J0[ T[D6[ NLGGF N]xDGMGM ;OFIM SIM" CTMP VF5GL
U6GF VJl,IFV[ lSZFDDF\ YFI K[P VD]S ;F,[C ,MSMV[
bJFADF\ [I]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ 5MTFGF ;CFAFV[ lSZFDGL V[S
HDFVTGL ;FY[ ;,FC]LGGL SA| 5Z TXZLO ,FJLG[ 5MTFGF
D]lCN U],FDG[ ;ZOZFh ODF"jIFP AIT], D]S;GM OFT[C
IF\ VFZFD ODF"J[ K[ V[GFYL YM0F H V\TZ[ V[ H AIT], D]S;
VFH[ IC}NLVMGF SADF\ K[P D:HN[ VS;FGL NZMNLJFZ VFH[
OZLYL SM. V{I}ALGL ZFC [. ZCL K[P V<,FC TVF,F VF
CF,YL A[CF, pdDT 5Z SZD ODF"J[P sDFCGFDF G}Z], CALA4
O[A]|VFZLvZ_!$4 5FSPf
0

IF\ V{I}AL VG[ IF\ VFHGF D]:,D

U{ZD]:,D ;FWFZLVM m 0

;]<TFG V{I}ALV[ S[J/ VG[ S[J/ NLG TYF SF{DGL ,FU6LG[

,DF\ ZFBLG[ OT V<,FCG[ ZF SZJFGL lGiIT[ TS J F
5ZC[hUFZL ;FY[ XZLVTGL 5FA\NL ;FY[ OSLZL JG U]I]
VG[ JGEZ .:,FDGF N]xDGM ;FD[ HM H[CN4 H\UM TYF
H[CFNM SIF" VG[ .:,FD TYF D]:,DMGM V[S NANAM TYF
5|EFJ U{ZM 5Z V[JM A[;F0L VF%IM S[ D];,DFGM ;FD[ H\U[
R0JFGL ;J" lCdDTM T[ D GL BTD SZL GFBL CTLP .P;P
!Z(*DF\ AIT] , D] S ;G[ OTC SI] H[ ;[ \ S 0M JZ;
D];,DFGMGF SADF\ Z]\4 5Z\T] 5FK/YL D[ D[ N]lGIFGF
5}ZL TYF ViIFX ZFHSTF"VM K[J8DF\ HGdIF VG[ V\U[|[GF
;CSFZYL T]SL" pQDFGL C]S}DT ;FD[ AUFJT SZGFZ GNL
JCFAL ;NLVM HGdIF H[D6[ D]:,DMGL TFSTGF 8]S0F SZL
e

14

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

tIFZ[ ;]<TFG[ S]\ S[4 CF BZ[BZ V<,FCGL VF H XFG K[P V[

H VZ;FDF\ OHZGL VhFG Y. U.P ;]<TFG V\lTD `JF;M
5Z CTF V[ J FDF\ S F ZLV[ 5-I] \
TM
;]<TFGGM RC[ZM G}ZYL RDSL p9IM VG[ D]:S]ZFTF\ D]:S]ZFTF\
V<,FCG[ %IFZF Y. UIFP
;]<TFG V{I}ALGF lJ;F,GM AGFJ D];,DFGM DF8[
V[8,M TS,LONFIS TYF D];LATEIM" CTM S[ .:,FD
TYF D];,DFGM 5Z B],OFV[ ZFlXNLGGF lJ;F, 5KL
VFJM 5L0FHGS DMSM SNL GYL VFjIMP ;]<TFGGF lJ;F,
5Z SMCZFD DRL UIM VG[ VFCM TYF NN"GL V[JL lN,FJS
RLBM ;F\E/JF D/L S[ ,FUT]\ CT]\ S[ 5}ZL N]lGIF Z0L ZCL K[P
NZ[S V[J]\ SCL ZM CTM S[ SFX VD[ VDFZL VF{,FN TYF
3ZJF/F\VM ;lCT ;]<TFG 5Z lONF Y. H.V[P
.aG[ B<SFG SC[ K[4 DFZM BIF, CTM S[ VFJF 5|;\U[ VF
5|SFZGF XaNM S[J/ Z:DL CMI K[ 5Z\T] ;]<TFGGF D'tI]GF lNJ;[
T[DGL CSLSTGM 5TM ,FuIM VG[ ISLG Y. UI]\ S[ VF S[J/
,OOFhL GYL4 [ lOlNIM SA}, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ TM ,MSM ;]<TFGGF
DF8[ 5MTFG]\ TG DG lGKFJZ SZL VF5[P
V[ H lNJ;[ hCMZGL GDFh AFN SFhL .aG], hSLV[ HGFhM
5-FjIM VG[ lS<,FDF\ VFJ[,F T[DGF lGJF;:YFGDF\ NOGlJlW
Y.P +6 JZ;M 5KL VFX}ZFGF lNJ;[ slCP;P 5)ZfGF ZMH
T[DG] TFA}T SF-LG[ D[V D:HN pDJLGF pZ AFH] TANL,
e

VF DCFG l;5[ C ;F,FZ 5MTFGF DFl,S[ CS L S L GL

AFZUFCDF\ 5CM\ R L UIMP lJ;F,GL ZF+[ XIB VA}
HVOZG[ 5F;[ A[ ; F0L ,LWF S[ S]VF"G[ SZLDGL lT,FJT SZTF
ZC[ P T[ D G] \ AIFG K[ S[ IFZ[ D[ \ VFIT 5-L o

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

AZSFT[ bJF sDFl;SfGF U|FCS AGM

.<D[

X Z L V T GL ZMXGLYL V\ W SFZDI lN,MG[

hUDUFJJF DF8[4 NLG TYF ;]gGITGL DCMaATGM lRZFU

lN,MDF\ ZMXG SZJF DF8[4 .xS[ D]:TOF
GL DL9FXYL
GL
lN,MGL N] l GIFG[ TZATZ SZL %IFZF D] : TOF
NLJFGULDF\ T05FJJF DF8[ 4 DhCA[ C VC,[ ;] g GT
J HDFVT IFcG[ D:,S[ VFc,F ChZTGM 0\SM AJJF
DF8[ ccAZSFT[ bJFcc DFl;S VF5GL ;[JFDF\ CFHZ K[P
0
0
0

ccAZSFT[ bJFcc DFl;SGF U|FCS AGM TYF AGFJMP

ccAZSFT[ bJFcc DFl;SGF VFJG U| F CS S[
5[8=G AGL AGFJLG[ ;CSFZ SZXMP
SZg8 .:I } 5Z T[ D H NLGL D;F., 5Z ;RM8
CJF,FJF/F ,[BM DMS,LG[ ;CSFZ SZXMP
0

0JFl"S

,JFHD

0VFJG
0lJN[X

~FP

,JFHD

!5_ 0 lJN[X DF8[

~FP $___ 0 5[8=G OL

DF8[ VFJG

250 0

0 ;\5S"

AZSFT[ bJF sDFl;Sf4

15

~FP !(__

lJN[X DF8[ 5[8=G 150

;ZGFD]0
C/o. .:,FlDS J[<O[Z lDXG4

OIhFG[ ZhF D\lh,4 D]FP5MP NIFNZF4 TFP lHP E~RP

l5G o #)Z_Z_P U]HZFT s.g0IFf
o s_Z&$Zf Z(__!!4
DMP )$Z*$ &$$!!
16

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

15

vsCJF,M o AZSFT[ bJFvDFl;S4 DFR"vZ_!$4 T\+L ,[Bf

GFbIF H[GF SFZ6[ VD[lZSF lA|8GGF ;CSFZYL E8STL Y.

UI[,L GALGL N]xDG SF{D IC}NLGF .hZF., ZFIGL :YF%GF
Y. U. VG[ .P;P !)&*DF\ AIT], D]S; 56 D]:,DMGF
CFYMV[YL UI]\P VG[ VFH[ V[ H .hZF., YSL 5[,[:8F.GLVM
5Z YTF H]<DMGL NF:TFGGF\ ZMH GJF\ GJF\ 5ZFDM VF56[
[. ZF KLV[P ;NL ZFVMGL ViIFXLVMGL NF:TFGM 56
HU C[Z K[P XFC OCNGF CZDDF\ ,UEU #5_ :+LVM NFB,
CTL TYF VF GNLVM GAL 5FS
GL U]:TFBL SZJFDF\
HUDxC}Z K[P VZADF\YL GLS/TF T[,GF T[VM DFl,S AGL
A[9F K[ VG[ 9[Z 9[Z T[DGL lD<STM TYF lJXF/ DC[,M AG[,F
K[P T[DGL VF{,FNGL ViIFXLVMGF lS:;F 56 ACFZ VFJTF
H ZC[ K[P T[ p5ZF\T VgI D]:,D N[XMGF ZFVM XZFA4 ;]\NZL
VG[ DF,GL DCMaATDF\ lUZOTFZ [JF D?IF4 H[YL H T[DGL
50TLGL NF:TFGM HU DxC}Z K[P T[DH N[X lJN[XGF VFHGF
ZFHSZ6LVM4 ;FWFZLVM 56 V[JL H lH\NUL JL ZF K[4
H[DGF jIlERFZGF TYF ,F\RMGF TYF U{Z SFI[N;Z DF, HDF
SZJFGF V[JF SF{EF\0M ACFZ 50TF\ ZC[ K[ S[ N]lGIF XZD
XZD 5MSFZL p9[ K[P V\TDF\ N]VF K[ S[ ZaA[ SZLD 5[,[:8F.G
TYF VgI D]:,D N[XM 5Z ZCD ODF"J[ VG[ ;]<TFG V{I}AL
H[JF D]lCNM 5[NF SZL VF5[ H[ AU0L UI[, AFG[ ;]WFZLG[
VdGM XF\lTGM 5ZRD ,C[ZFJ[P sVFDLGf

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg