MY BIN P

MY BIN P
Bi:
Nguyn Tun Hng

MY BIN P
KHI NIM CHUNG CA MY BIN P
bin i in p (dng in) ca dng xoay chiu t gi tr cao n gi tr thp hoc
ngc li ta dng My bin p.
NH NGHA V CC LNG NH MC
nh ngha
My bin p l thit b in t tnh, lM vic theo nguyn tc cM ng in t, dng
bin i h thng in xoay chiu (U1, I1,fi) thnh (U2, I2,fi)
u vo ca My bin p ni vi ngun in gi l s cp. u ra ni vi ti gi l th
cp .

Cc lng nh Mc
-

in p nh Mc

in p s cp nh Mc k hiu U1M l in p quy nh cho dy qun s cp. in

p th cp nh Mc k hiu U2M l in p gia cc cc ca dy qun th cp, khi dy
qun th cp h Mch v in p t vo dy qun s cp l nh Mc .
Vi My bin p ba pha in p nh Mc l in p dy
-

Dng in nh Mc

Dng in nh Mc l dng in quy nh cho Mi dy qun ca My bin p, ng

vi cng sut nh Mc v in p nh Mc.

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MY BIN P

i vi My bin p ba pha, dng in nh Mc l dng in dy.

Dng in s cp nh Mc k hiu I1M, dng in th cp nh Mc k hiu I2M
-

Cng sut nh Mc

Cng sut nh Mc ca My bin p l cng sut biu kin th cp ch lM vic

nh Mc.
Cng sut nh Mc k hiu l SM, n v l KVA.

CNG DNG CA MY BIN P

Cng dng ca My bin p l truyn ti v phn phi in nng trong
h thng in
Mun giM tn hao dP = I2.R trn ng dy truyn ti c hai phng n:
Phng n 1: GiM in tr R ca ng dy (R = r.l/S)
Mun giM R ta tng tit din dy dn S, tc l tng khi lng dy dn, cc tr cho
ng dy, chi ph xy dng ng dy ti in rt ln ( phng n ny khng kinh t)
Phng n 2: GiM dng in I chy trn ng dy truyn ti.
Mun giM I ta phi tng in p, ta cn dng My tng p v i vi My bin p U1I1
= U2.I2 ( phng n ny kinh t v hiu qu hn)
My bin p cn c dng rng ri :
Trong k thut hn, thit b l nung, trong k thut v tuyn in, trong lnh vc o
lng. trong cc thit b t ng, lM ngun cho thit b in, in t , trong thit b
sinh hot gia nh v.v.

CU TO V NGUYN L LM VIC CA MY BIN P

CU TO MY BIN P

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MY BIN P

GM hai b phn chnh: li thp v dy qun

Li thp My bin p
Dng dn t thng chnh ca My, c ch to t vt liu dn t tt, thng l thp
k thut in Mng ghp li.
giM dng in xoy trong li thp, ngi ta dng l thp k thut in, hai Mt c
sn cch in ghp li vi nhau thnh li thp.
Dy qun My bin p
c ch to bng dy ng hoc nhM c tit din trn hoc ch nht, bn ngoi dy
dn c bc cch in.
My bin p c cng sut nh th lM Mt bng khng kh
My c cng sut ln th lM Mt bng du, v thng c cnh tn nhit
NGUYN L LM VIC CA MY BIN P
Khi ta ni dy qun s cp vo ngun in xoay chiu in p U1 s c dng in s
cp I1 (hnh 7.2.2)
Dng in I1 sinh ra t thng fi bin thin chy trong li thp. T thng ny Mc vng
ng thi vi c hai dy qun s cp v th cp c gi l t thng chnh.
Theo nh lut cM ng in t:
e1 = - W1 dfi/dt
e2 = - W2 dfi/dt
W1, W2 l s vng dy qun s cp v th cp.

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MY BIN P

Hnh 7.2.2
Khi My bin p c ti, di tc ng ca sc in ng e2, c dng in th cp I2
cung cp in cho ti.
T thng fi bin thin hnh sin fi = fiMax sinWt
Ta c:

k = E1/ E2= W1/ W2 , k c gi l h s bin p.

B qua in tr dy qun v t thng tn ra ngoi khng kh ta c:
U1/ U2 xp x E1/ E2 = W1/ W2 = k
B qua Mi tn hao trong My bin p, ta c:
U2 I2xp x U1 I1 suy ra U1/U2 xp x I2/I1 =W1/W2 = k

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MY BIN P

CC PHNG TRNH CN BNG IN V T CA MY BIN P

Theo quy tc vn nt chai, chiu fi ph hp vi chiu i1, e1 v i1 cng chiu .
Chiu i2 c chn ngc vi chiu e2 ngha l chiu i2 khng ph hp vi chiu fi theo
quy tc vn nt chai.
Trong My bin p cn c t thng tn fit1 , fit2 ( hnh 7.3.a)
T thng tn c c trng bng in cM tn .
in cM tn dy qun s cp L1 : L1 = fit1 /i1
in cM tn dy qun th cp L2 : L2= fit2 /i2

Hnh 7.3.a
7.3.1. Phng trnh cn bng in p trn dy qun s cp
p dng nh lut Kichp 2 dng phc cho Mch in hnh 7.3.b :

trong X1 = L1 W

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MY BIN P

Hnh 7.3.b
7.3.2. Phng trnh cn bng in p trn dy qun th cp
p dng nh lut Kichp 2 dng phc cho Mch in hnh 7.3.c :

Hnh 7.3.c

Trong X2 = L2.W

Phng trnh cn bng t

in p li in t vo My bin p U1xp x E1 = 4.44 fiW1fiMax khng i, cho
nn t thng chnh fiMax s khng i.
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MY BIN P

Phng trnh cn bng t di dng s phc:

S THAY TH MY BIN P
T cc phng trnh cn bng in t ta xy dng M hnh Mch in cho My bin p.
S thay th l s in phn nh y qu trnh nng lng trong My bin p,
ta c h phng trnh:

Trong :

T h phng trnh trn ta xy dng c s thay th cho My bin p

(hnh 7.4.a)

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MY BIN P

Hnh 7.4.a
CH KHNG TI CA MY BIN P
L ch M pha th cp h Mch v pha s cp c t vo in p.

c iM ch khng ti ca My bin p
Dng in khng ti I0
Ta c : I0 = U1/ z0

Tng tr z0 rt ln v th I0 rt nh:

I0 =(3% -10% )I1M

Cng sut khng ti P0

P0 = R0 I20=Rth I2th = Pst
H s cng sut cosP0

Th nghiM khng ti ca My bin p

Xc nh h s bin p k, tn hao st t Pst, Xth, Rth, cosP0, I0
S th nghiM
Vn k V1 ch U1M; vn k V2 ch U2M
AMpe k A ch dng in khng ti I0
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MY BIN P

Ot Mt W ch cng sut khng ti P0

H s bin p k : k = W1/W2 =U1M/U2M
Dng in khng ti phn trM : I0 % = I0/I1M .100% = (3% 01%) I1M
in tr khng ti: R0=P0/I20 xp x Rth
Tng tr khng ti: z0 = U1M /I0
in khng khng ti:

Xthxp xXo
H s cng sut khng ti: cosP0 = P0/(U1MI0 ) = 0.1 0.3
CH NGN MCH CA MY BIN P
L ch M pha th cp b ni tt li v pha s cp vn t vo in p. y l tnh
trng s c.

C IM CH NGN MCH CA MY BIN P

Phng trnh v s thay th ca My bin p ngn Mch.
S thay th
Tng tr z2 rt nh so vi zth , nn c th b nhnh t ho .
Dng in ngn Mch In:
In = U1M/zn

Rn: in tr ngn Mch My bin p

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MY BIN P

Xn: in khng ngn Mch My bin p.

zn : tng tr ngn Mch My bin p
Zn rt nh cho nn In rt ln:
In = U1M/zn xp x (10 25) I1M ( tnh trng s c)
TH NGHIM NGN MCH CA MY BIN P
Xc nh tn hao trn in tr dy qun v cc thng s R1, X1, R2, X2
S th nghiM ngn Mch
Dy qun s cp ni vi ngun qua b iu chnh in p .
Nh b iu chnh in p, ta c th iu chnh in p t vo dy qun s cp bng
Un sao cho dng in trong cc dy qun t gi tr nh Mc.
Un % = Un /U1M 100% = (310 %) U1M
Cng sut o trong th nghiM ngn Mch Pn l tn hao trong in tr 2 dy qun.
Tng tr ngn Mch: zn = Un /I1M
in tr ngn Mch: Rn= Pn/I21M
in khng ngn Mch

Thng s dy qun
R1 =R2 = Rn /2
X1 =X2 =Xn/2
Bit h s bin p, tnh c thng s th cp cha quy i.
R2=R2/k2 ;X2=X2/k2

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MY BIN P

CH C TI CA MY BIN P
Ch c ti l ch trong dy qun s cp ni vi ngun in p nh Mc, dy
qun th cp ni vi ti.
H s ti :

kt = I2/I2M= I1/I1M

kt=1 ti nh Mc, kt<1 non ti, kt >1 qu ti.

bin thin in p th cp.
dU2% = (U2M-U2)/ U2M .100%
c tnh ngoi ca My bin p
Quan h U2 = fi(I2), khi U1 =U1M v cosPt = const.
in p th cp U2 l: U2 = U2M -dU2 = U2M (1 - dU2%/100)
Tn hao v hiu sut My bin p
- Tn hao trn in tr dy qun s cp v th cp gi l tn hao ng
dP =dP1+dP2 = I12R1 +I22R2 = kt2Pn
trong Pn l cng sut o c trong th nghiM ngn Mch .
- Tn hao st t dPst trong li thp do dng in xoy v t tr gy ra.. Tn hao st t
bng cng sut o khi th nghiM khng ti. dPst = P0
Hiu sut My bin p h:
h=P2/P1 = P2/(P2 + dPst +dP) = ktSM cosPt /( ktSM cosPt +P0 +kt2Pn)
P2= S2 cos Pt = ktSM cosPt
Nu cosPt khng i, hiu sut cc i khi hxch ma /xch ma kt = 0 suy ra kt2Pn =P0
H s ti ng vi hiu sut cc i:

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MY BIN P

i vi My bin p cng sut trung bnh v ln, hiu sut cc i khi h s ti

kt= 0.5 /0.7
MY BIN P BA PHA
bin i in p ca h thng in ba pha, ta dng My bin p ba pha.
V cu to li thp ca My bin p ba pha gM 3 tr v trn Mi tr qun dy qun s
cp v th cp ca Mi pha
Dy qun s cp: pha A thng k hiu l AX, pha B l BY, pha C l CZ.
Dy qun th cp: pha a thng k hiu l ax, pha b l by, pha c l cz.
Dy qun s cp v th cp c th ni hnh sao hoc hnh taM gic, v d nh c 4
trng hp c bn, bao gM 12 t ni dy ( hnh 7.8.1)

Hnh 7.8.1
T s in p dy trong 4 trng hp c bn:
Ni Y/Y:
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MY BIN P

U/d:

d/U:

d/d:

T ni dy ca My bin p cho ta bit cch Mc ca cun s cp, th cp v gc lch

pha gia in p dy s cp v in p dy th cp.
V d: T ni dy k hiu U/U- 21; pha s cp v th cp ni sao, gc lch pha gia
in p dy s cp v th cp l 12x300 =3600

S LM VIC SONG SONG CA MY BIN P

Nh lM vic song song, cng sut li in ln rt nhiu so vi cng sut Mi My,
M bo nng cao hiu qu kinh t ca h thng v an ton cung cp in, khi Mt My
hng hc hoc phi sa cha.
iu kin cho cc My bin p lM vic song song :
in p nh Mc s cp v th cp ca cc My phi bng nhau tng ng
Cc My phi c cng t ni dy
in p ngn Mch ca cc My phi bng nhau.
UnI% = UnII% =.....UnN%

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MY BIN P

Cn M bo iu kin ny, ti phn b trn cc My t l vi cng sut nh Mc

ca chng.

CC MY BIN P C BIT

MY BIN P T NGU
Bin p t ngu cn c gi l My t bin p
My bin p t ngu Mt pha thng c cng sut nh, c dng trong cc phng th
nghiM v trong cc thit b lM ngun c kh nng iu chnh c in p u ra
theo yu cu.
My bin p t ngu Mt pha gM c dy qun thp p (s vng dy W2 ) l Mt phn
ca dy qun cao p (s vng dy W1) ( hnh 7.10.1 )
Ta c: U1/U2=W1/W2 hay l U2 = U1.W1/W2

Hnh 7.10.1
Ta thay i v tr tip iM trt a, s thay i c in p U2.
My t bin p c tit din li thp b hn My bin p thng thng nhng vn M
bo cng sut
My t bin p trong cun thp p l Mt phn cun cao p cho nn tit kiM c
dy dn, v giM c tn hao.
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MY BIN P

My t bin p c nhc iM l Mc an ton in khng cao

MY BIN P O LNG
My bin in p
Dng bin i in p xoay chiu rt cao xung in p thp o lng bng cc dng
c thng thng.
S vng dy cun th cp phi t hn s vng dy cun s cp. Tit din dy qun s
cp nh hn tit din dy qun th cp.
Trong khi lM vic, khng c cho My bin in p ngn Mch th cp.

Hnh 7.10.2.a
My bin dng in
Dng bin i dng in xoay chiu ln xung dng in nh o lng v Mt s
Mc ch khc.
V dng in th cp nh hn dng in s cp nn s vng dy th cp nhiu hn s
vng dy s cp. Tit din dy qun th cp nh hn tit din dy s cp
i vi My bin dng khng c h Mch th cp.

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MY BIN P

Hnh 7.10.2.b

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