BWS 1600G Technical Manual

1 Overview ........................................................................................................
1-1
1.1 Introduction to the OptiX BWS 1600G ....................................................

1.2 Types of the OptiX BWS 1600G .............................................................
1.3 Features .................................................................................................
1.4 Characteristics ........................................................................................
1.4.1 Service Characteristics ..................................................................
1.4.2 Technical Characteristics ...............................................................
1.4.3 Intelligent Adjustment.....................................................................
1.4.4 Automatic Monitoring .....................................................................
1.4.5 Reliabilty ........................................................................................
1.5 Network Management System ...............................................................
1-1
1-4
1-7
1-9
1-9
1-9
1-11
1-11
1-12
1-13
2 Product Description .....................................................................................
2-1
2.1 Cabinet ...................................................................................................

2.1.1 Overview ........................................................................................
2.1.2 Specifications .................................................................................
2.2 Subrack ..................................................................................................
2.2.1 Structure ........................................................................................
2.2.2 Specifications .................................................................................
2.3 Functional Units ......................................................................................
2.3.1 Optical Transponder Unit ...............................................................
2.3.2 Optical Multiplexer/ Demultiplexer and Add/Drop Multiplexer ........
2.3.3 Optical Amplifier .............................................................................
2.3.4 Optical Supervisory Channel and Timing Transporting Unit ..........
2.3.5 Performance Monitoring & Adjustment Unit ...................................
2.3.6 Optical Fiber Automatic Monitoring Unit ........................................
2.3.7 Protection Unit ...............................................................................
2.3.8 System Control and Communication Unit ......................................
2.4 System Software Architecture ................................................................
2.4.1 Communication Protocols ..............................................................
2.4.2 Working Principles .........................................................................
2-1
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-7
2-13
2-15
2-17
2-18
2-20
2-21
2-22
2-24
2-24
2-25
3 System Configuration ..................................................................................
3-1
3.1 OTM .......................................................................................................

3.1.1 Signal Flow ....................................................................................
3.1.2 Structure ........................................................................................
3.1.3 Typical Configuration .....................................................................
3.1.4 Configuration Principle ...................................................................
3.2 OLA ........................................................................................................
3.2.1 Signal Flow ....................................................................................
3.2.2 Structure ........................................................................................
3-1
3-1
3-3
3-8
3-13
3-15
3-15
3-16

3.3 OADM .....................................................................................................
3.3.1 Signal Flow ....................................................................................
3.3.2 Structure ........................................................................................
3.4 REG ........................................................................................................
3.4.1 Signal Flow ....................................................................................
3.4.2 Structure ........................................................................................
3.5 OEQ .......................................................................................................
3.5.1 Signal Flow ....................................................................................
3.5.2 Structure ........................................................................................
3-17
3-19
3-21
3-21
3-23
3-26
3-28
3-30
3-30
3-31
3-31
3-31
3-32
3-32
3-34
3-36
3-38
4 Networking and System Applications ........................................................
4-1
4.1 Networking and Applications ..................................................................

4.1.1 Type I system.................................................................................
4.1.2 Type II system ................................................................................
4.1.3 Type III system ...............................................................................
4.1.4 Type IV system ..............................................................................
4.1.5 Type V system ...............................................................................
4.1.6 Type VI system ..............................................................................
4.2 System Functions ...................................................................................
4.2.1 Automatic Level Control .................................................................
4.2.2 Intelligent Power Adjustment .........................................................
4.2.3 Automatic Power Equilibrium .........................................................
4.2.4 Clock Transmission........................................................................
4.2.5 Optical Fiber Line Automatic Monitoring ........................................
4-1
4-3
4-3
4-5
4-6
4-6
4-7
4-8
4-8
4-9
4-10
4-11
4-12
5 Protection ......................................................................................................
5-1
5.1 Power protection ....................................................................................

5.1.1 DC Input Protection........................................................................
5.1.2 Secondary Power Protection .........................................................
5.1.3 Centralized Power Protection for OTUs .........................................
5.2 Service Protection ..................................................................................
5.2.1 1+1 Line Protection ........................................................................
5.2.2 Optical Channel Protection ............................................................
5-1
5-1
5-1
5-1
5-3
5-3
5-3
5.3 Clock Protection .....................................................................................

5.4 Network Management Channel ..............................................................
5.4.1 Protection of Network Management Information Channel .............
5.4.2 Interconnection of Network Management Channel ........................
5-8
5-11
5-11
5-12
6 Technical Parameters ...................................................................................
6-1
6.1 Optical Interfaces ...................................................................................

6.2 Power Supply .........................................................................................
6.3 Parameters of Mechanical Structure ......................................................
6.4 Nominal Power Consumption, Weight and Slots of Boards ...................
6.5 Environment Specifications ....................................................................
6.6 Main Optical Path ...................................................................................
6.6.1 Type I System ................................................................................
6.6.2 Type II System ...............................................................................
6.6.3 Type III System ..............................................................................
6.6.4 Type IV System..............................................................................
6.6.5 Type V System ...............................................................................
6.6.6 Type VI System..............................................................................
6.7 Optical Amplifier .....................................................................................
6.7.1 OAU ...............................................................................................
6.7.2 OBU ...............................................................................................
6.7.3 OPU ...............................................................................................
6.7.4 WBA ...............................................................................................
6.7.5 HBA................................................................................................
6.7.6 Raman Amplifier ............................................................................
6.8 Optical Transponder Unit (OTU) ............................................................
6.8.1 LWF ...............................................................................................
6.8.2 LWFS .............................................................................................
6.8.3 OCU ...............................................................................................
6.8.4 OCUS.............................................................................................
6.8.5 TMX ...............................................................................................
6.8.6 TMXS .............................................................................................
6.8.7 LBE and LBES ...............................................................................
6.8.8 LWC and LWC1 .............................................................................
6.8.9 LWM ...............................................................................................
6.8.10 LWX .............................................................................................
6.8.11 LDG ..............................................................................................
6.8.12 TWC .............................................................................................
6.8.13 LGS ..............................................................................................
6.8.14 LQS ..............................................................................................
6.8.15 AP4 ..............................................................................................
6-1
6-1
6-2
6-2
6-8
6-8
6-9
6-10
6-16
6-20
6-21
6-22
6-24
6-24
6-27
6-28
6-29
6-30
6-31
6-32
6-32
6-34
6-35
6-37
6-38
6-40
6-41
6-43
6-45
6-47
6-49
6-51
6-52
6-54
6-55
6.8.16 EC8 ..............................................................................................

6.8.17 OTT ..............................................................................................
6.8.18 Jitter Transfer Characteristics ......................................................
6.8.19 Input Jitter Tolerance ...................................................................
6.8.20 Jitter Generation ..........................................................................
6.9 Optical Multiplexer/Demultiplexer/Add and Drop multiplexer .................
6.9.1 M40 ................................................................................................
6.9.2 D40 ................................................................................................
6.9.3 MB2................................................................................................
6.9.4 MR2 ...............................................................................................
6.10 Optical Fiber Automatic Monitoring Unit ...............................................
6.11 Other Units ...........................................................................................
6.11.1 FIU ...............................................................................................
6.11.2 ITL ................................................................................................
6.11.3 DGE .............................................................................................
6.11.4 DSE ..............................................................................................
6.11.5 MCA .............................................................................................
6.11.6 OSC .............................................................................................
6.12 DCM .....................................................................................................
6.13 Channel Allocation ...............................................................................
6.14 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)...................................................
6.15 Environment Requirement ....................................................................
6.15.1 Storage Environment ...................................................................
6.15.2 Transport Environment ................................................................
6.15.3 Operation Environment ................................................................
6-57
6-59
6-60
6-61
6-61
6-62
6-62
6-63
6-63
6-64
6-65
6-68
6-68
6-69
6-70
6-70
6-70
6-71
6-72
6-73
6-77
6-79
6-79
6-81
6-84
A Measures in DWDM Network Designing ....................................................
A-1
A.1 Dispersion Limited Distance ..................................................................

A.2 Signal Power ..........................................................................................
A.3 Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio .................................................................
A.4 Other Effects ..........................................................................................
A-1
A-3
A-4
A-6
B Technology Introduction .............................................................................
B-1
B.1 FEC ........................................................................................................

B.2 SuperWDM ............................................................................................
B.3 Raman Amplification ..............................................................................
B-1
B-2
B-3
C Abbreviations and Acronyms .....................................................................
C-1
Index .................................................................................................................
HUAWEI
OptiX BWS 1600G

Backbone DWDM Optical Transmission System
Technical Manual
V100
Huawei Technologies Proprietary
OptiX BWS 1600G

Backbone DWDM Optical Transmission System
Technical Manual
Manual Version
T2-040290-20041008-C-1.21
Product Version
V100
BOM
31025790
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. provides customers with comprehensive technical support and service.
Please feel free to contact our local office or company headquarters.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Administration Building, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.,
Bantian, Longgang District, Shenzhen, P. R. China
Postal Code: 518129
Website: http://www.huawei.com
Email: support@huawei.com
Copyright 2004 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All Rights Reserved
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means
without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks
, HUAWEI, C&C08, EAST8000, HONET,
, ViewPoint, INtess, ETS, DMC, TELLIN,
InfoLink, Netkey, Quidway, SYNLOCK, Radium, M900/M1800, TELESIGHT,
Quidview, Musa, Airbridge, Tellwin, Inmedia, VRP, DOPRA, iTELLIN, HUAWEIOptiX,
C&C08 iNET, NETENGINE, OptiX, iSite, U-SYS, iMUSE, OpenEye, Lansway,
SmartAX, infoX, TopEng are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this manual are the property of their
respective holders.
Notice
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has
been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but
all statements, information, and recommendations in this document do not constitute
the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Summary of Updates
This section provides the update history of this manual and introduces the contents of
subsequent updates.
Update History
Manual Version
Notes
T2-040290-20040510-C-1.20
This manual is the first release.
T2-040290-20041008-C-1.21
The following is added:

Introduction to the specifications of system II C800G
Introduction to such boards as TMX, TMXS, LBE, LBES,
TMR, TMRS, AP4, EC8, LWC1 and TRC1
Introduction to the power reference mode of ALC function
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
About This Manual
About This Manual

Related Manuals
The related manuals are listed in the following table.
Manual
Volume
Usage
OptiX BWS 1600G DWDM Backbone

Optical Transmission System
Technical Manual
Introduces the functionality, structure,

performance, specifications, and theory of the
product.

Hardware Description Manual
Introduces the hardware of the product,

including cabinet, subrack, power, fan, board,
and a variety of interfaces.

Installation Manual
Guides the on-site installation of the product

and provides the information of the structural
parts.

Maintenance Manual
Routine
Maintenance
Introduces the routine maintenance basic

operations and precautions.
Troubleshooti
ng
Introduces the analysis and troubleshooting of

common faults.

Maintenance Manual
Alarms and
Performance
Events
Introduces the lists and processing of alarms

and performance events.

Electronic Documentation (CD-ROM)
Contains all the above manuals in CD format,

readable with Acrobat Reader.

xiii
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
About This Manual
Organization
The manual is organized as follows:
Chapter
Description
Chapter 1 Overview
Introduces the market target and the features of the

OptiX BWS 1600G product, and it also introduces the
classification of six system types of the OptiX BWS
1600G products.
Chapter 2 Product
Description
Introduces the mechanical structure, boards and the

software architecture of the OptiX BWS 1600G product.
Chapter 3 System
Configuration
Introduces NE composition and NE configuration of the

product.
Chapter 4 Network
Application and System
Functions
Introduces the NE architecture, system configuration

and network application. In this chapter, some system
functions are also introduced, such as ALC, APE, IPA
and OAMS.
Chapter 5 Protection
Introduces the protection mechanism of the OptiX BWS

1600G products, including power protection, service
protection, clock protection and the protection of
network management information channel.
Chapter 6 Technical
Parameters
Provides the technical specifications and indices of the

functional units.
Appendix A Measures in
DWDM Network Designing
Introduces the measures in DWDM network designing.
Appendix B Technology
Introduction
Introduces some advanced technologies, such as FEC,

SuperWDM and Raman amplification.
Appendix C Abbreviations
and Acronyms
Introduces the abbreviations and acronyms mentioned

in this manual.

xiv
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
About This Manual
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for:
Network planner
Network designer
Network administrator
Conventions
The manual uses the following conventions.
Symbol Conventions
Symbol
Description
Means reader be careful. In this situation, you might do something that
could result in equipment damage or loss of data.
Means reader be careful. The equipment is static-sensitive.
Means reader be careful. In this situation, the strong laser beam could
result in harm to yourself or others.
Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or useful

background information.

xv
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Contents
Contents
1 Overview
1-1
1.1 Introduction to the OptiX BWS 1600G
1-1
1.2 Types of the OptiX BWS 1600G
1-4
1.3 Features
1-7
1.4 Characteristics
1-9
1.4.1 Service Characteristics
1-9
1.4.2 Technical Characteristics
1-9
1.4.3 Intelligent Adjustment
1-11
1.4.4 Automatic Monitoring
1-11
1.4.5 Reliabilty
1-12
1.5 Network Management System
1-13
2 Product Description
2-1
2.1 Cabinet
2-1
2.1.1 Overview
2-1
2.1.2 Specifications
2-2
2.2 Subrack
2-3
2.2.1 Structure
2-3
2-4
2.3 Functional Units
2-5
2.3.1 Optical Transponder Unit
2-7
2.3.2 Optical Multiplexer/Demultiplexer and Add/Drop Multiplexer
2-15
2.3.3 Optical Amplifier
2-17
2.3.4 Optical Supervisory Channel and Timing Transporting Unit
2-19
2.3.5 Performance Monitoring & Adjustment Unit
2-20
2.3.6 Optical Fiber Automatic Monitoring Unit
2-22
2.3.7 Protection Unit
2-23

i
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Contents
2.3.8 System Control and Communication Unit

2.4 System Software Architecture
2-24
2-26
2.4.1 Communication Protocols
2-26
2.4.2 Working Principles
2-27
3 System Configuration
3-1
3.1 OTM
3-1
3.1.1 Signal Flow
3-1
3.1.2 Structure
3-3
3.1.3 Typical Configuration
3-8
3.1.4 Configuration Principle
3-13
3.2 OLA
3-15
3.2.1 Signal Flow
3-15
3.2.2 Structure
3-16
3-17
3-19
3.3 OADM
3-21
3.3.1 Signal Flow
3-21
3.3.2 Structure
3-23
3-26
3-28
3.4 REG
3-30
3.4.1 Signal Flow
3-30
3.4.2 Structure
3-31
3-31
3-31
3.5 OEQ
3-32
3.5.1 Signal Flow
3-32
3.5.2 Structure
3-34
3-36
3-38
4 Networking and System Applications
4-1
4.1 Networking and Applications
4-1
4.1.1 Type I system
4-3
4.1.2 Type II system
4-3
4.1.3 Type III system
4-5
4.1.4 Type IV system
4-6

ii
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Contents
4.1.5 Type V system
4-6
4.1.6 Type VI system
4-7
4.2 System Functions
4-8
4.2.1 Automatic Level Control
4-8
4.2.2 Intelligent Power Adjustment
4-9
4.2.3 Automatic Power Equilibrium
4-10
4.2.4 Clock Transmission
4-11
4.2.5 Optical Fiber Line Automatic Monitoring
4-12
5 Protection
5-1
5.1 Power protection
5-1
5.1.1 DC Input Protection
5-1
5.1.2 Secondary Power Protection
5-1
5.1.3 Centralized Power Protection for OTUs
5-1
5.2 Service Protection
5-3
5.2.1 1+1 Line Protection
5-3
5.2.2 Optical Channel Protection
5-3
5.3 Clock Protection
5-8
5.4 Network Management Channel
5-11
5.4.1 Protection of Network Management Information Channel
5-11
5.4.2 Interconnection of Network Management Channel
5-12
6 Technical Parameters
6-1
6.1 Optical Interfaces
6-1
6.2 Power Supply
6-1
6.3 Parameters of Mechanical Structure
6-2
6.4 Nominal Power Consumption, Weight and Slots of Boards
6-2
6.5 Environment Specifications
6-8
6.6 Main Optical Path
6-8
6.6.1 Type I System
6-9
6.6.2 Type II System
6-10
6.6.3 Type III System
6-16
6.6.4 Type IV System
6-20
6.6.5 Type V System
6-21
6.6.6 Type VI System
6-22
6.7 Optical Amplifier
6-24
6.7.1 OAU
6-24
6.7.2 OBU
6-27

iii
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Contents
6.7.3 OPU
6-28
6.7.4 WBA
6-29
6.7.5 HBA
6-30
6.7.6 Raman Amplifier
6-31
6.8 Optical Transponder Unit (OTU)
6-32
6.8.1 LWF
6-32
6.8.2 LWFS
6-34
6.8.3 OCU
6-35
6.8.4 OCUS
6-37
6.8.5 TMX
6-38
6.8.6 TMXS
6-40
6.8.7 LBE and LBES
6-41
6.8.8 LWC and LWC1
6-43
6.8.9 LWM
6-45
6.8.10 LWX
6-47
6.8.11 LDG
6-49
6.8.12 TWC
6-51
6.8.13 LGS
6-52
6.8.14 LQS
6-54
6.8.15 AP4
6-55
6.8.16 EC8
6-57
6.8.17 OTT
6-59
6.8.18 Jitter Transfer Characteristics
6-60
6.8.19 Input Jitter Tolerance
6-61
6.8.20 Jitter Generation
6-61
6.9 Optical Multiplexer/Demultiplexer/Add and Drop multiplexer
6-62
6.9.1 M40
6-62
6.9.2 D40
6-63
6.9.3 MB2
6-63
6.9.4 MR2
6-64
6.10 Optical Fiber Automatic Monitoring Unit
6-65
6.11 Other Units
6-68
6.11.1 FIU
6-68
6.11.2 ITL
6-69
6.11.3 DGE
6-70
6.11.4 DSE
6-70
6.11.5 MCA
6-70

iv
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Contents
6.11.6 OSC
6-71
6.12 DCM
6-72
6.13 Channel Allocation
6-73
6.14 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
6-77
6.15 Environment Requirement
6-79
6.15.1 Storage Environment
6-79
6.15.2 Transport Environment
6-81
6.15.3 Operation Environment
6-84
A Measures in DWDM Network Designing
A-1
A.1 Dispersion Limited Distance
A-1
A.2 Signal Power
A-3
A.3 Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
A-4
A.4 Other Effects
A-6
B Technology Introduction
B-1
B.1 FEC
B-1
B.2 SuperWDM
B-2
B.3 Raman Amplification
B-3
C Abbreviations and Acronyms
C-1
i-1
Index

v
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Figures
Figures
Figure 1-1 OptiX BWS 1600G in transmission network
1-2
Figure 1-2 Appearance of the OptiX BWS 1600G
1-3
Figure 2-1 OptiX BWS 1600G subrack
2-3
Figure 2-2 Positions of the boards in the system
2-6
Figure 2-3 Structure of the embedded OAMS application (online monitoring)
2-24
Figure 2-4 Software architecture of the OptiX BWS 1600G
2-29
Figure 3-1 OTM signal flow
3-2
Figure 3-2 The structure of the OM, OD and OA of the type I system
3-5
Figure 3-3 The structure of OM, OD, OA of the type II system
3-7
Figure 3-4 The structure of OM, OD, OA of the type III, IV, V and VI systems
3-7
Figure 3-5 Configuration of C-band 800 Gbit/s OTM (type I system)
3-8
Figure 3-6 Configuration of L-band 800 Gbit/s OTM (type I system)
3-9
Figure 3-7 Configuration of C+L 800 Gbit/s OTM (type II system)
3-10
Figure 3-8 Configuration of C band 800 Gbit/s OTM (type II system)
3-11
Figure 3-9 Configuration of 400 Gbit/s OTM (type III system)
3-12
Figure 3-10 Configuration of 10-channel OTM (type VI system)
3-13
Figure 3-11 OLA signal flow
3-15
Figure 3-12 Configuration of C+L band OLA (type I and II systems)
3-18
Figure 3-13 Configuration of C band OLA (type III and V systems)
3-19
Figure 3-14 The signal flow of serial OADM
3-22
Figure 3-15 The signal flow of parallel OADM
3-23
Figure 3-16 The structure of the OADM in type I system
3-25
Figure 3-17 The structure of the OADM in type II system
3-25
Figure 3-18 The structure of the OADM in type III system
3-26
Figure 3-19 Configuration of C-band serial OADM equipment (type III system)
3-26
Figure 3-20 Configuration of C-band parallel OADM equipment (type III system)
3-28

vi
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Figures
Figure 3-21 REG signal flow
3-30
Figure 3-22 The signal flow of optical power equalizer.
3-33
Figure 3-23 The signal flow of dispersion equalizer
3-33
Figure 3-24 The signal flow of dispersion equalizer in OTM
3-34
Figure 3-25 Optical power equalization through the DGE
3-34
Figure 3-26 Optical power equalization through the VMUX (the V40 board)
3-35
Figure 3-27 Composition of dispersion equalizer
3-36
Figure 3-28 Configuration of OEQ
3-37
Figure 3-29 Configuration of dispersion equalizer
3-38
Figure 4-1 OptiX BWS 1600G networking diagram
4-2
Figure 4-2 System power when gain control is activated
4-8
Figure 4-3 System power when ALC is activated
4-8
Figure 4-4 Networking for APE function
4-10
Figure 4-5 Schematic diagram of clock transmission
4-12
Figure 4-6 Unidirectional test diagram
4-13
Figure 4-7 Bidirectional test diagram
4-13
Figure 4-8 Embedded OAMS architecture (online monitoring)
4-14
Figure 4-9 Embedded OAMS architecture (standby fiber monitoring)
4-15
Figure 5-1 Centralized power protection for OTUs
5-2
Figure 5-2 1+1 line protection
5-3
Figure 5-3 Schematic diagram of optical channel protection
5-4
Figure 5-4 Intra-OTU 1+1 optical channel protection
5-4
Figure 5-5 Inter-OTU 1+1 optical channel protection
5-5
Figure 5-6 Client-side optical channel protection
5-6
Figure 5-7 Schematic diagram of 1:N (N8) OTU protection
5-7
Figure 5-8 Schematic diagram of clock channel protection (dual-fed and dual-receiving)
5-8
Figure 5-9 Schematic diagram of clock channel protection (dual-fed signal selection)
5-8
Figure 5-10 Configuration of the system with clock protection function but without add/drop of clock signals at
intermediate station
5-9
Figure 5-11 Configuration of the intermediate station with clock protection function and with the add/drop of
clock signals
5-10
Figure 5-12 Configuration of the intermediate station with clock protection function and with the add/drop of
clock signals
5-10
Figure 5-13 Network management protection in ring network (a certain section fails)
5-11
Figure 5-14 Network management through the supervisory channel
5-12
Figure 5-15 Network management through the backup supervisory channel
5-12
Figure 5-16 Supervision over OptiX transmission network
5-13

vii
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Figures
Figure 6-1 Typical DWDM network diagram
6-8
Figure 6-2 OTU jitter transfer characteristics
6-60
Figure 6-3 OTU with out-band FEC function
6-60
Figure 6-4 OTU input jitter tolerance
6-61
Figure A-1 Trunk loss calculation principle
A-3
Figure B-1 Raman amplifier gain spectrum
B-3
Figure B-2 Raman amplification application in OptiX BWS 1600G system
B-3

viii
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Tables
Tables
Table 1-1 Characteristics of system types
1-5
Table 2-1 Specification of the cabinet
2-2
Table 2-2 Specifications of the subrack
2-4
Table 2-3 Application and description of wavelength conversion units (10 Gbit/s)
2-8
Table 2-4 Application and description of wavelength conversion unit (2.5 bit/s or lower)
2-10
Table 2-5 Application and description of convergent optical wavelength conversion unit
2-11
Table 2-6 Application and description of optical multiplexer/demultiplexer/add/drop multiplexer
2-14
Table 2-7 Application and description of EDFA unit
2-16
Table 2-8 Application and description of Raman amplifier unit
2-17
Table 2-9 Application and description of optical supervisory channel/timing transporting unit
2-18
Table 2-10 Application and description of performance monitoring & adjustment unit
2-19
Table 2-11 Application and description of fiber Automatic Monitoring System
2-21
Table 2-12 Application and description of protection unit
2-22
Table 2-13 Application and description of SCC and SCE
2-23
Table 3-1 Functional units and the boards contained (six system types)
3-4
Table 3-2 Distribution of 160 channels
3-5
Table 3-3 Functional unit and the boards contained (five system types)
3-16
Table 3-4 Functional units and the boards contained (five system types)
3-24
Table 4-1 Networking capability of the type I system (160-channel, NRZ)
4-3
Table 4-2 Networking capability of type II system (C+L 80-channel, NRZ)
4-4
Table 4-3 Networking capability of type II system (C+L 80-channel, SuperWDM)
4-4
Table 4-4 Networking capability of type II system (C, 80-channel)
4-4
Table 4-5 Networking capability of type III system (40-channel, NRZ)
4-5
Table 4-6 Networking capability of type III system (40-channel, SuperWDM)
4-5
Table 4-7 Networking capability of type III system (G.653 optical fiber)
4-6
Table 4-8 Networking capability of type IV system (40-channel, L band)
4-6

ix
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Tables
Table 4-9 Networking capability of type V system (40-channel, NRZ)
4-6
Table 4-10 Networking capability of type VI system (NRZ)
4-7
Table 4-11 Introduction of boards in embedded OAMS
4-14
Table 4-12 Applications of embedded OAMS
4-15
Table 4-13 OAMS configuration specification
4-16
Table 6-1 Power consumption, weight and slots of boards
6-2
Table 6-2 Environment specifications
6-8
Table 6-3 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-I system (G.652/G.655 fiber)
6-9
Table 6-4 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-II system (C+L, G.652/G.655 fiber)
6-10
Table 6-5 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-II ELH transmission system (C+L,
G.652/G.655 fiber)
6-11
Table 6-6 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-II (C, G.652 fiber)
6-12
6-14
Table 6-8 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-III system (G.652/G.655 fiber)
6-16
Table 6-9 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-III ELH transmission system (G.652/G.655
fiber)
6-17
Table 6-10 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-III 8-channel system (G.653 fiber)
6-18
Table 6-11 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-III 12-channel system (G.653 fiber) 6-19
Table 6-12 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-IV system (G.653 fiber, L band)
6-20
Table 6-13 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-V system (G.652/G.655 fiber)
6-21
Table 6-14 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-VI system (G.652/G.655 fiber, 10-channel,
without Raman)
6-22
Table 6-15 Main optical path specifications of the OptiX BWS 1600G-VI system (G.652/G.655 fiber,
40-channel, without Raman)
6-23
Table 6-16 Parameters of OAU-CG/LG for C/L-band
6-24
Table 6-17 Parameters of OAU-CR/LR for C/L-band
6-25
Table 6-18 Parameters of OAU05 for C band
6-26
Table 6-19 Parameters of OBU-C/L for C/L-band
6-27
Table 6-20 Parameters of OPU
6-28
Table 6-21 Parameters of WBA
6-29
Table 6-22 Parameters of HBA
6-30
Table 6-23 Parameters of Raman amplifier
6-31
Table 6-24 Optical interface (STM64) parameters at the client end of the LWF board
6-32
Table 6-25 Optical interface (STM64) parameters at the DWDM side of the LWF board
6-33
Table 6-26 Optical interface (STM64) parameters at the DWDM side of the LWFS board
6-34
Table 6-27 Optical interface (STM16) parameters at the client end of the OCU board
6-35
Table 6-28 Optical interface (STM64) parameters at the DWDM side of the OCU board
6-36
Table 6-29 Optical interface (STM64) parameters at DWDM side of the OCUS board
6-37

x
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Tables
Table 6-30 Optical interface parameters at client side of the TMX board
6-38
Table 6-31 Optical interface parameters at line side of the TMX board
6-39
Table 6-32 Optical interface parameters at line side of the TMXS board
6-40
Table 6-33 Optical interface parameters at client side of the LBE and LBES board
6-41
Table 6-34 Optical interface parameters at line side of the LBE and LBES boards
6-42
Table 6-35 Optical interface (STM16) parameters at client end of the LWC/LWC1 board
6-43
Table 6-36 Optical interface (STM16) parameters at the DWDM side of the LWC/LWC1 board
6-44
Table 6-37 Optical interface parameters at the client end of the LWM board
6-45
Table 6-38 Optical interface parameters at DWDM side of the LWM board
6-46
Table 6-39 Optical interface parameters at the client end of the LWX board
6-47
Table 6-40 Optical interface parameters at the DWDM side of the LWX board
6-48
Table 6-41 Optical interface parameters at the client end of the LDG board
6-49
Table 6-42 Optical interface parameters at the DWDM side of the LDG board
6-50
Table 6-43 Optical interface parameters of the TWC board
6-51
Table 6-44 Optical interface parameters at the client end of the LGS board
6-52
Table 6-45 Optical interface parameters at the DWDM side of the LGS board
6-53
Table 6-46 Optical interface parameters at the client end of the LQS board
6-54
Table 6-47 Optical interface parameters at the client end of the AP4 board
6-55
Table 6-48 Optical interface parameters at line side of the AP4 board
6-56
Table 6-49 Optical interface parameters at client side of the EC8 board
6-57
Table 6-50 Optical interface parameters at line side of the EC8 board
6-58
Table 6-51 Parameters of the OTT module
6-59
Table 6-52 OTU jitter transfer characteristics parameters
6-60
Table 6-53 OTU input jitter tolerance parameters
6-61
Table 6-54 Jitter generation parameters for OTU
6-61
Table 6-55 Parameters of the M40
6-62
Table 6-56 Parameters of the D40
6-63
Table 6-57 Parameters of the MB2
6-63
Table 6-58 Parameters of the MR2
6-64
Table 6-59 Parameters of the FMU (OTDR module)
6-65
Table 6-60 Parameters of the MWF
6-66
Table 6-61 Parameters of the MWA
6-66
Table 6-62 Parameters of FIU
6-68
Table 6-63 Parameters of ITL
6-69
Table 6-64 Parameters of DGE
6-70
Table 6-65 Parameters of DSE
6-70

xi
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Tables
Table 6-66 Parameters of MCA
6-70
Table 6-67 OSC optical interface parameters
6-71
Table 6-68 Performance requirement of dispersion compensation optical fiber of C-band (G.652 fiber)
6-72
Table 6-69 Performance requirement of dispersion compensation optical fiber of L-band (G.652 fiber)
6-72
Table 6-70 Performance requirement of dispersion compensation optical fiber of C-band (G.655 LEAF fiber)
6-72
Table 6-71 C-band channel allocation (80 channels with 50GHz spacing)
6-73
Table 6-72 L-band channel allocation (80 channels with 50 GHz spacing)
6-75
Table 6-73 C-band channel allocation of 8-channel system (G.653 fiber)
6-76
6-76
Table 6-75 Requirements for climate environment
6-79
Table 6-76 Requirements for the density of mechanical active substance
6-80
Table 6-77 Requirements for the density of chemical active substance
6-80
Table 6-78 Requirements for mechanical stress
6-81
6-81
Table 6-80 Requirements on the density of mechanical active substance
6-82
6-82
6-83
Table 6-83 Requirements for temperature, humidity
6-84
Table 6-84 Other requirements for climate environment
6-84
6-85
6-85
6-86
Table A-1 Recommended OSNR values for different spans

xii
A-5
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
1 Overview
Overview
1.1 Introduction to the OptiX BWS 1600G

OptiX BWS 1600G Backbone DWDM Optical Transmission System, simply called
OptiX BWS 1600G, is Huaweis new-generation, large capacity and long haul
backbone optical transmission product. It is designed in line with the present
conditions and future development of optical networks, with inherited flexible
configuration and good compatibility of OptiX series.
Modular design with abundant configurations and flexible protection features, the
OptiX BWS 1600G plays pivoting role in an optical transmission network. Optical fiber
access capacity can be smoothly expanded from 10 Gbit/s to 1600 Gbit/s (16010
Gbit/s). During expansion, there is no need to shut off the equipment or interrupt the
service. Just insert new hardware or install new nodes.
The OptiX BWS 1600G system can be deployed in point-to-point, linear and ring
networks. Being a backbone layer of the network, it connects main cities to carry
heavy traffic of optical switching equipment, metropolitan area network (MAN) DWDM
equipment, synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment or router. That is
providing large capacity transmission channel for services and network outlets. The
position of OptiX BWS 1600G system in an optical transmission network is shown in
Figure 1-1.
1-1
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
1 Overview
OptiX OSN 9500
OptiX BWS 1600G
160 channels
Backbone Layer
32 channels
OptiX BWS 320G

OptiX BWS 1600G
OptiX Metro 6100
OptiX Metro 3100
32 channels
STM-16
OptiX Metro 6100
OptiX 2500+
OptiX Metro 6100
OptiX 10G
STM-64
Convergence Layer
OptiX Metro 6100

OptiX 10G
OptiX Metro 1000
OptiX 155/622
OptiX 2500+
STM-4/1
OptiX 2500+
OptiX 155/622
STM-4
STM-16
STM-4/1
OptiX Metro 1000
OptiX Metro 3100
STM-4/1
Access Layer
OptiX Metro 500
Figure 1-1 OptiX BWS 1600G in transmission network
The OptiX BWS 1600G transmits the unidirectional services over a single fiber, that is,
a bi-directional transmission is achieved by two optical fibers, one for transmitting and
the other for receiving.
The OptiX BWS 1600G is highly reliable in performance and flexible in networking by
using:
Reliable multiplexer/demultiplexer;
Erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier;
Raman amplifier;
Channel equalization technology;
Pre-chirp technology;
Dispersion compensation technology;
Universal and centralized network management system.

Figure 1-2 shows the appearance of the OptiX BWS 1600G cabinet.
1-2
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
1 Overview
Figure 1-2 Appearance of the OptiX BWS 1600G
1-3
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
1 Overview
1.2 Types of the OptiX BWS 1600G

1. Classification of System Types
To meet the requirements of different areas, users and investing environments, the
OptiX BWS 1600G product provides six types of systems, respectively OptiX BWS
1600G-I, OptiX BWS 1600G-II, OptiX BWS 1600G-III, OptiX BWS 1600G-IV, OptiX
BWS 1600G-V, and OptiX BWS 1600G-VI.
For the convenience of description, OptiX BWS 1600G-I is referred to as the type I
system for short, and other types are the type II system, the type III system, the type IV
system, the type V system, and the type VI system. If there is no type identity, for
example, the OptiX BWS 1600G, it refers to all system types.
2. Characteristics of Each System Type
Table 1-1 shows the characteristics of the six system types.
1-4
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
1 Overview
Table 1-1 Characteristics of system types
II
III
IV
VI
Maximum capacity
(Gbit/s)
1600
800
400
400
100
400
Working wavelength
band
C-band and
L-band
C-EVEN and
L-ODD (Note
1)
C-band
C-EVEN (Note 1)
L-ODD
(Note 1)
C-EVEN (Note
1)
C-EVEN
(Note 1)
Channel spacing
(GHz)
50
100
50
100
100
100
100
200
Maximum number of
channels
160
80
80
40
40
40
40
10
Maximum accessing
rate (Gbit/s)
10
10
10
10
10
2.5
10
Transmission
distance without REG
(km) (Note 2)
360
2000 (Note 3)
960/800
(Note 5)
2000 (Note 3)
400
640
200
Per-channel output
power of amplifier
(dBm)
4/1 (Note 6)
4/1/0 (Note 4)
12
Fiber type
G.652/G.655
G.652/G.655
G.652/G.655
G.652/G.653/G.655
G.653
G.652/G.655
G.652/G.655
Clock protection
function
Supported
Supported
Not
supported
Not supported
Not
supported
Not supported
Not
supported
Item
Type
1-5
100
17
OptiX BWS 1600G TM

I
II
Accessing service
type
SDH/SONET
/POS
SDH/SONET/
POS/GE/arbitr
ary service at a
rate of 34
Mbit/s 2.5
Gbit/s
Maximum numbers of
add/drop channels
32
Dispersion
compensation
Required
Item
Type
1 Overview
III
IV
VI
SDH/SONE
T/POS
SDH/SONET/POS/G
E/arbitrary service at a
rate of 34 Mbit/s 2.5
Gbit/s
SDH/SON
ET/POS
SDH/SONET/P
OS/GE/arbitrar
y service at a
rate of 34 Mbit/s
2.5 Gbit/s
SDH/SONET
/POS/GE/arbi
trary service
at a rate of 34
Mbit/s 2.5
Gbit/s
80
32
40
16
16
NA
Required
Required
Required
Required
Not required
Required
Note 1: C-EVEN indicates even channels (40 channels in total) in C-band and the L-ODD indicates odd channels (40 channels in total) in L-band.
Note 2: The data in the above table is for system without adopting Raman amplification technology. If the technology is adopted, the longer transmission distance
without REG will be supported. Here the distance is computed out with an attenuation coefficient of 0.275 dB/km.
Note 3: With technologies such as FEC, SuperWDM and optical equilibrium being applied, the transmission distance without REG reaches up to 2000 km in the type
II and the type III systems.
Note 4: Per-channel output optical power of the optical amplifier in the type III system is 4 dBm on G.652/G.655 fiber, and 1 dBm or 0 dBm on G.653 fiber.
Note 5: The data is for particular fiber and line code. The distance of 960 km is for G.652 fiber with return to zero (RZ) encoding and 800 km for G.655 fiber with RZ
encoding.
Note 6: The type II C800G system provides two types of amplifier. The output optical power of one type is 23 dBm, and that of the other type is 20 dBm.
By system channel spacing, the OptiX BWS 1600G system can be divided into two categories: 50 GHz channel spacing
system and 100 GHz channel spacing system, as can be seen in Table 1-1.
1-6
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
1 Overview
1.3 Features
1. Huge Transmission Capacity
Transmission capacity of the type I system can be upgraded up to 1600 Gbit/s by

adding modules of 400 Gbit/s capacity. In a module of 400 Gbit/s capacity, the
capacity can get increments with 10 Gbit/s.
Transmission capacity of the type II system can be upgraded from 400 Gbit/s to
800 Gbit/s. In a module of 400 Gbit/s capacity, the capacity can get increments with
10 Gbit/s.
Maximum transmission capacity of the type III/IV system is 400 Gbit/s. In a module
of 400 Gbit/s capacity, the capacity can get increments with 10 Gbit/s.
Maximum transmission capacity of the type V system is 402.5 Gbit/s. In the

module, the capacity can get increments with 2.5 Gbit/s.
The type VI system, a long hop application, is classified as 10-channel system and
40-channel system. In the module, the capacity can get increments with 2.5 Gbit/s
or 10 Gbit/s.
2. Long Haul Transmission
When using forward error correction (FEC) technology, the system allows an
attenuation of 10%22 dB for transmission without REG.
When using technologies such as FEC, SuperWDM, and optical equilibrium, the
system allows an attenuation of 25%22 dB for transmission without REG.
When using FEC technology and optical amplification technology, the system
allows an attenuation of 56 dB in long hop application. Upon this result, the remote
optical pumping amplifier (ROPA) technology can extend long hop transmission up
to 64 dB transmission attenuation.
3. Abundant Service Access
The OptiX BWS 1600G provides access to the following service types:
Standard SDH: STM-1/4/16/64
Standard synchronous optical network (SONET): OC-3/12/48/192
Standard SDH concatenated payload: VC-4-4c/16c/64c
Standard SONET concatenated payload: STS-3c/12c/48c/192c
ETHERNET: Gigabit Ethernet (GE)
Other service: Services with rate from 34 Mbit/s to 2.5 Gbit/s, such as enterprise
system connection (ESCON) /fiber connection (FICON) /Fiber Channel (FC)/fiber
1-7
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
1 Overview
distributed data interface (FDDI)/PDH (34 Mbit/s/45 Mbit/s/140 Mbit/s).

The type I and type IV systems only access SDH, SONET and POS services at 2.5
Gbit/s and 10 Gbit/s.
The type II, type III, and type VI systems access all the services listed above.
The type V system can only access the services at 2.5 Gbit/s and below.
4. Dedicated Optical Supervisory Channel and Clock Transmission Channels
The optical supervisory channel mainly carries orderwire and network management
information. The OptiX BWS 1600G transmits supervisory signals at 1510 nm, with
the transmission speed of 2.048 Mbit/s.
The OptiX BWS 1600G also provides three high-quality clock transmission channels,
each at a transmission speed of 2.048 Mbit/s. The three clock transmission channels
are embedded into the optical supervisory channel.
5. Integrated System and Open System Compatibility
There are two types of DWDM system available: integrated DWDM system and open
DWDM system. The open DWDM system is configured with OTUs to convert
non-standard wavelengths into ITU-T G.694.1-compliant wavelength. The integrated
DWDM system does not need the OTUs when its client side equipment (for example,
SDH equipment) has ITU-T G.694.1-compliant optical transmitter interfaces. The
OptiX BWS 1600G achieves the combination of open and integrated system.
6. Centralized Intelligent Network Management
The OptiX BWS 1600G can be managed by the centralized intelligent NM due to its
excellent interconnectivity with other Huawei products.
1-8
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
1 Overview
1.4 Characteristics
1.4.1 Service Characteristics
1. Low-speed Service Aggregation
The OptiX BWS 1600G supports the aggregation of low-speed services. It can:
Multiplex two channels of GE signals into one channel of STM-16 signal;
Multiplex one channel of GE signal and one channels of STM-4 signals into one
channel of STM-16 signal;
Multiplex four channels of STM-1/STM-4 signals into one channel of STM-16

signal;
Multiplex four channels of STM-16 signals into one channel of OTU2 signal.
2. High-quality Clock Transmission
The OptiX BWS 1600G offers a new solution for transmission of synchronous clock.
Its optical supervisory channel provides three clock transmission channels operating
at 2 Mbit/s. The clock signals can be added/dropped or just pass through at any
station.
3. Scalable Optical Add/Drop and Multiplexing Technology
The OptiX BWS 1600G system can add/drop a maximum of 32 channels by

cascading optical add/drop multiplexing boards. The 800G and 400G systems can
add/drop all services by cascading optical add/drop multiplexing boards.
1.4.2 Technical Characteristics

1. Forward Error Correction
OTU in the OptiX BWS 1600G uses FEC and EFEC (enhanced FEC) technology to:
Decrease the requirements on the receiver optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), to

stretch the span of optical amplification sections or optical regeneration sections.
Decrease the bit error ratio (BER) in the line transmission, to improve the quality of
service (QoS) of DWDM transmission network.
AFEC and EFEC are relatively new error correction techniques which adopt two-level
encoding, have increase in encoding gain, and can equally distribute burst errors.
AFEC and EFEC are more powerful than FEC.
1-9
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
1 Overview
2. Tunable Wavelengths
The OptiX BWS 1600G provides optical tunable transponder (OTT), such as the LWF
board and OCU board. An OTT can operate at tunable wavelengths (totally 40
channels), to replace OTUs of different wavelength characteristics when necessary.
Ordering OTT as spare board greatly reduces the cost of spare parts, because not so
many spare OTUs are required.
3. Mature EDFA Technology
The OptiX BWS 1600G uses mature erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) technology
for amplification of C-band and L-band signals, and the accomplishment of long haul
transmission without REG. EDFA adopts gain locking technology and transient control
technology to make the gain of each channel independent of the number of channels.
Bit error bursts in the existing channels are also avoided during adding or dropping
channels.
4. Advanced Raman Amplification Technology
Besides the EDFA amplification, the system also supports Raman fiber amplification.
The hybrid application of the Raman and EDFA achieves broad gain bandwidth and
low system noise, and reduces the interference of non-linearity on the system, thus
greatly stretching the transmission distance.
5. Unique SuperWDM Technology
By using RZ encoding and unique phase modulation technology, the OptiX BWS
1600G is capable of effectively suppressing the non-linear impairments in
transmission and improving the noise tolerance capability. With the SuperWDM
technology, the OptiX BWS 1600G achieves ultra long haul application in the absence
of Raman amplifier.
6. Jitter Suppression
By adopting advanced jitter suppression and clock extraction technology, the jitter
performance of the OptiX BWS 1600G is better than the requirements defined by
DWDM related ITU-T Recommendations. OTUs of the system also check B1 and B2
bit errors, and extract J0 bytes. Thus when accessing the SDH equipment, the system
can quickly detect whether the bit error occurred to the SDH section or the optical path.
This function is of critical importance when the OptiX BWS 1600G system accesses
the SDH equipments of different vendors.
1-10
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
1 Overview
1.4.3 Intelligent Adjustment

1. Automatic Level Control
The system applies automatic level control (ALC) function to control the power along
the link, thereby ensuring the normal laser level in the optical fiber. The ALC function
keeps the optical signal at normal level and prevents the input/output power of the
downstream optical amplifiers from declining. This improves the quality of the
transmission signals.
2. Intelligent Power Adjustment
The intelligent power adjustment (IPA) protects the human body from the exposure to
the laser, which can be emitted from open interface or fiber cracks. If there is a
leakage of optical power, the system will reduce the optical power to that lower than
the safe threshold.
3. Automatic Power Equilibrium
In long haul transmission, the non-flatness of per-channel OSNR at the receiving end
becomes a serious issue. With the automatic power equilibrium (APE) function, the
OptiX BWS 1600G can automatically adjust the launched optical power of each
channel, thus achieving power equilibrium at the receiving end and improving the
OSNR. The APE is well suited for applications with many spans.
4. Intelligent Environment Temperature Monitoring System
The OptiX BWS 1600G is designed with intelligent system for environment
temperature monitoring, reporting and alarming. This ensures the normal running of
the system under a stable temperature.
1.4.4 Automatic Monitoring

1. Optical Fiber Line Automatic Monitoring Function
The OptiX BWS 1600G offers an optical fiber line automatic monitoring system
(OAMS) to alert the aging of fiber, alarm the fiber fault and locate the fault. The OAMS
is a built-in system optional for ordering.
2. In-service Optical Performance Monitoring
There are optical monitoring interfaces on multiplexer/demultiplexer, optical amplifier,

and so on. Optical spectrum analyzer or multi-wavelength meter can be directly
connected to these monitoring interfaces, to measure performance parameters at
reference points while not interrupting the service.
These monitoring interfaces can also connect to built-in optical multi-channel
1-11
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
1 Overview
spectrum analyzer unit (MCA) using optical fibers. With the help of MCA, optical
spectral features including the optical power, central wavelength and OSNR can be
observed from network management system.
1.4.5 Reliabilty
1. Perfect Protection Mechanism
The OptiX BWS 1600G provides perfect protection mechanism, including optical
channel protection, optical line protection and equipment-level unit protection.
The system clock is protected by 1+1 backup of clock unit.
2. Reliable Power Backup
The power supply system of the OptiX BWS 1600G is fed with two DC inputs (backup
each other). The power supply of important units is protected by 1+1 hot backup. The
power of OTU boards are protected by a common protection power feed.
3. Perfect Optical Fiber Management Function
The OptiX BWS 1600G fully considers the demands for optical fiber management.
Various cabling channels and fiber storage units are available to facilitate the fiber
management in the cabinet and between the cabinets.
1-12
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
1 Overview
1.5 Network Management System

Huaweis transmission network management system (NM in short) not only provides
DWDM equipment management, but also handles the entire OptiX family members
including SDH and Metro equipment. In compliance with ITU-T, NM offers rich
network maintenance functions. It can manage the fault, performance, configuration,
security, maintenance and test of the entire OptiX transmission network. It also
provides the end-to-end management function according to the requirements of users.
It improves the quality of network services, reduces the maintenance cost and
ensures rational use of network resources.
NM with friendly Man-Machine interfaces, powerful and state-of-the-art functionality, is
used in OptiX BWS 1600G system. Its object-oriented design approach allows the
user to enable or disable any service according to the physical network.
In an OptiX BWS 1600G network, NM provides end-to-end channel (wavelength)
management, wavelength resource statistical analysis, terminal simulation program,
alarm management, performance management, system management, equipment
maintenance and management, and so on.
1-13
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Product Description
The hardware of the OptiX BWS 1600G includes cabinet, subrack, power box, fan
tray assembly, DCM frame and HUB frame. The cabinet can hold subracks with
different board combinations to form different equipment types of OptiX BWS 1600G.
2.1 Cabinet
2.1.1 Overview
Compact and elegant design of the cabinet gives high space utilization. A Single
cabinet can hold at most three subracks, a power box, a frame for HUB, and a frame
for DCM.
A power box is mounted at the top of OptiX BWS 1600G cabinet. The OptiX BWS
1600G is powered with 48 V DC or 60 V DC. Two power supplies are provided as
mutual backup to each other. It also provides 16-channel external alarm input
interfaces and 4-channel cabinet alarm output interfaces, facilitating the management
of equipment running.
OptiX BWS 1600G cabinets have the following salient features.
The cabinet has no front door, but each subrack has independent open-close front
door. It provides the electro-magnetic compatibility (EMC) shielding at the subrack
level.
The cabinet leaves much space for routing and managing optical fibers.
Two movable side panels are installed at both sides of the cabinet. Each side panel
can move in or move out along the top and bottom slide rails. The fiber fender is
installed outside the side panel and can rotate round vertical axes.
Ventilation orifices are provided at the front door of the subrack and rear panel of
the cabinet to ensure heat dissipation.
The OptiX BWS 1600G adopts ETSI standard cabinet, which is in compliance with
2-1
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
ETS300-119-3 standard.
For the structure of the cabinet, refer to OptiX BWS 1600G Backbone DWDM Optical
Transmission System Hardware Description Manual.
Table 2-1 Specification of the cabinet
Item
Parameter
Dimensions
2200 mm (Height) 600 mm (Width) 300 mm (Depth)

or
Weight (with power box

and electrical cables)
69 kg (2200 mm-high cabinet) or
Maximum system power

consumption (fully loaded)
2000 W
78 kg (2600 mm-high cabinet)
2-2
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
2.2 Subrack
2.2.1 Structure
The OptiX BWS 1600G subrack is divided into four areas: the upper part is interface
area accessing all kind of electrical signals. The middle part is board area to hold
DWDM boards and the lower part are fiber cabling area & fan tray assembly area. The
structure of the subrack is shown in Figure 2-1.
1. Interface area
4. Board area
7. Fan tray assembly
2. Air baffle
5. Fiber spool
8. Subrack front door
3. Air outlet
6. Fiber cabling area
9. Hook
Figure 2-1 OptiX BWS 1600G subrack
Interface area
All external interfaces are located in this area, including the interfaces for subrack
power supply, NM and orderwire telephone, and so on.
The interface area also works as a heat dissipation outlet of the subrack. An air baffle
(a solid metal sheet) is placed at the top of subrack, guiding the airflow out of the front
of the subrack.
Board area
Totally 13 board slots are available, numbered IU1, IU2, IU3, , IU13 from left to
right when you face the front surface of the subrack. Slot IU7 is for SCC/SCE board
and is 24 mm wide. Other slots are 38 mm wide. All optical ports are located on these
front panels. Most optical ports are of LC/PC type while the LINE, EXT and OUT
optical ports on the front panel of the Raman amplifier unit and OUT port of the HBA
board are of E2000/APC type.
2-3
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Fiber cabling area
All the optical fibers from the optical ports are routed to this area. These optical fibers
then come out of this area and reach the corresponding side of the subrack. There are
fiber spools at the two sides of the subrack, allowing good management over the
optical fibers.
Mechanical variable optical attenuator (VOA) is installed here.
Fan tray assembly
This area contains fan tray and air filter. The air filter is fixed beneath the fan tray . The
fans and air filter ensure that the equipment works in dust-free and normal
temperature environment.
Front door
The front door is intended for equipment protection and electromagnetic compatibility
(EMC). The inner side of the front door is equipped with hooks to hold the screws for
adjusting the mechanical VOA.
Fiber spools
They are used to coil the slack of the optical fiber.
Table 2-2 Specifications of the subrack
Item
Parameter
Dimensions
Weight
18 kg (with the backplane but with not boards and fan

tray assembly)
Maximum system power

consumption (fully loaded)
650 W
For details on the structure and interfaces of the subrack, refer to OptiX BWS 1600G
Backbone DWDM Optical Transmission System Hardware Description Manual
2-4
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
2.3 Functional Units

This section describes the basic functional units (boards) of the OptiX BWS 1600G
system. According to their functions, the boards can be categorized as:
Optical transponder unit
Optical multiplexer/demultiplexer and add/drop multiplexer
Optical amplifier unit
Optical supervisory channel and timing transporting unit
Performance monitoring and adjustment unit
Optical fiber automatic monitoring unit (optional, not depicted in Figure 2-2)
Protection unit (optional, not depicted in Figure 2-2)
System control and communication unit (not depicted in Figure 2-2)
Figure 2-2 shows the positions of the boards in the system, illustrating only the
unidirectional signal flow.
2-5
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
1
OTU
40
1
OTU
client
side
40
C-EVEN
I
T
L
RPL
OAU
F
I
U
L-EVEN
OAU
MR2
MR2
MR2
F
I
U
OBU
C-band
M40
L-ODD
I
T
L
C-band
F
I
U
OAU
L-band
RPC
40
F
I
U
OAU
40
1
D40
OTM
OADM
Figure 2-2 Positions of the boards in the system
2-6
OTU
D40
I
T
L
40
SC2/TC2
client
side
M40
SC1/TC1
OTU
D40
L-band
OAU
40
I
T
L
OAU
VOA
L-band
40
OTU
OTU
C-band
M40
OTU
D40
C-ODD
1
OTU
M40
SC1/TC1
OTM
OTU
40
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
2.3.1 Optical Transponder Unit
LWF: STM-64 Transmit-receive Line Wavelength Conversion Unit with FEC (Table
2-3)
LWFS: STM-64 Transmit-receive Line Wavelength Conversion Unit with FEC

(SuperWDM) (Table 2-3)
LRF: STM-64 Line Regenerating Wavelength Conversion Unit with FEC (Table
2-3)
LRFS: STM-64 Line Regenerating Wavelength Conversion Unit with FEC

LWS: STM-64 Transmit-receive Line Wavelength Conversion Unit with enhanced

FEC (EFEC) (Table 2-3)
LRS: STM-64 Line Regenerating Wavelength Conversion Unit with EFEC

Function (Table 2-3)
LWC: STM-16 Line Wavelength Conversion Unit (Table 2-4)
LWC1: STM-16 Line Wavelength Conversion Unit (compliant with G.709) (Table
2-4)
TRC: STM-16 Optical Transmitting Regenerator with FEC (Table 2-4)
TRC1: STM-16 Optical Transmitting Regenerator with FEC (compliant with G.709)
(Table 2-4)
LWM: Multi-rate Optical Wavelength Conversion Unit (Table 2-4)
LWX: Arbitrary Bit Rate Wavelength Conversion Unit (34 Mbit/s to 2.5 Gbit/s)
(Table 2-4)
TWC: STM-16 Transmitting Wavelength Conversion Unit (Table 2-4)
OCU: Quadruple STM-16 Multiplex Optical Wavelength Conversion Unit with FEC
(Table 2-5)
OCUS: Quadruple STM-16 Multiplex Optical Wavelength Conversion Unit with

FEC & SuperWDM (Table 2-5)
TMX: Quadruple STM-16 and OTU-2 Asynchronous Multiplexing Board (Table

2-5)
TMXS: Quadruple STM-16 and OTU-2 Asynchronous Multiplexing Board

LBE: 10 GE Transceiving Optical Wavelength Conversion Board (Table 2-3)
LBES: 10 GE Transceiving Optical Wavelength Conversion Board (SuperWDM)

(Table 2-3)
TMR: 10.71 G STM-16 Optical Transmitting Regenerator with advanced FEC

(AFEC) (compliant with G.709)
2-7
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
TMRS: 10.71 G STM-16 Optical Transmitting Regenerator with advanced FEC

(AFEC) (compliant with G.709) (SuperWDM)
LDG: 2 x Gigabit Ethernet unit (Table 2-5)
LQS: 4 x STM-1/4 Multiplex Wavelength Conversion Unit (Table 2-5)
LGS: 1 x GE and 1 x STM-1/4 Combiner Unit (Table 2-5)
AP4: 4-Channel Protocol-Independent Service Convergence Board (Table 2-5)
EC8: 8 x ESCON Service Convergence Board (Table 2-5)
The following table briefs the application and functions of the above boards. For board
principles and interface descriptions, refer to OptiX BWS 1600G Backbone DWDM
Optical Transmission System Hardware Description Manual.
Table 2-3 Application and description of wavelength conversion units (10 Gbit/s)
Board
name
Application
Function
Regenerating
board
LWF
Channel spacing: 50 GHz or

100 GHz
The LWF board is an STM-64 transmit-receive

line wavelength conversion unit with FEC.
LRF
Line code: NRZ
In the transmitting direction (towards DWDM),

the LWF board converts the STM-64 client
signal into G.694.1-compliant DWDM signal of
the standard wavelength. In the receiving
direction, the LWF restores the
G.694.1-compliant DWDM signal of the
standard wavelength to the STM-64 client
signal.
Applied to type I, II, III, IV and

VI systems
The signal encoding and decoding is

compliant with ITU-T Recommendation G.975,
supporting G.709-compliant overhead
processing.
Supports wavelength adjustment for the
transmitted optical signal on the DWDM side.
LWFS

100 GHz
The same as the LWF.
LRFS
Achieves the 3R functions (reshaping,

retiming and regeneration) for the FEC
encoding signal with the rate of 10 Gbit/s.
Signal wavelengths input or output by the
board are all G.694.1-compliant DWDM
wavelengths.
LRF
Line code: CRZ

Applied to type II and III
systems
LRF

100 GHz
Line code: NRZ
VI systems

2-8
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Board
name
Application
Function
Regenerating
board
LRFS
Channel spacing: 50
GHz/100 GHz
The same as the LRF.
LRFS
It does not support wavelength adjustment for

the transmitted optical signal on the DWDM
side.
Line code: CRZ

systems
LWS

100 GHz
The LWS board is an STM-64 transmit-receive

line wavelength conversion unit with EFEC.
Line code: NRZ
In the transmitting direction, the LWS board

converts the STM-64 client signal into
standard wavelength. In the receiving
direction, the LWS restores the
standard wavelength to the STM-64 client
signal.
Applied to type I, II, III and VI

systems
LRS

compliant with ITU-T Recommendation G.975,
supporting G.709-compliant overhead
processing.
LRS

100 GHz

retiming and regeneration) for the EFEC
encoding signal with the rate of 10 Gbit/s.
wavelengths.
LRS

100 GHz
The LBE board is a 10 GE transmit-receive

wavelength conversion unit with FEC.
TMR
Line code: NRZ
In the transmitting direction, the LBE board

converts the 10GE signal into 10.71 Gbit/s
direction, the LBE restores the
standard wavelength to the 10 GE client
signal.
Line code: NRZ

Applied to type I, II, III and VI
systems
LBE
Applied to type I, II, III, VI and

VI systems

compliant with ITU-T Recommendation G.709.
Support wavelength adjustment for the
2-9
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Board
name
Application
Function
Regenerating
board
LBES

100 GHz
The same as the LBE.
TMRS
Line code: CRZ

Applied to type II, III
Table 2-4 Application and description of wavelength conversion unit (2.5 bit/s or lower)
Board
name
Application
Functions
Regenerating
board
LWC
Channel spacing: 100 GHz
The LWC board is an STM-16 transmit-receive

line wavelength conversion unit with FEC.
TRC
Line code: NRZ

Applied to type II, III, V and VI
systems
In the transmission direction, it converts the

STM-16 client signal into the one of the
G.694.1-compliant DWDM standard
wavelength. In the receiving direction, it
restores the received signal of the
wavelength to the STM-16 client one.
Signal encoding and decoding comply with the
ITU-T Recommendation G.975.
TRC

retiming and regeneration) for the FEC
encoding signal with the rate of 2.5 Gbit/s.
wavelengths.
TRC
The same as LWC.
TRC1
Line code: NRZ
Signal encoding and decoding comply with

ITU-T Recommendation G.709, supporting
1:N (N8) protection.
Line code: NRZ

systems
LWC1

systems
TRC1
The same as TRC.
Line code: NRZ
Signal encoding and decoding comply with

ITU-T Recommendation G.709, supporting
1:N (N8) protection.

systems
2-10
TRC1
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Board
name
Application
Functions
Regenerating
board
LWM
Converts the signal with the rate of

STM-1/OC-3, STM-4/OC-12 or
STM-16/OC-48 into the optical one with the
G.694.1-comliant DWDM standard
wavelength. Supports service conversion in
SDH/SONET and all kinds of cascading
formats.
LWM
Converts the optical signal with the arbitrary

rate (34 Mbit/s-2.5 Gbit/s) within the 1280 nm
1565 nm wavelength range into the optical
one with the G.694.1-compliant standard
wavelength. Able to access the PDH (34
Mbit/s, 45 Mbit/s or 140 Mbit/s), ESCON (200
Mbit/s) and FC (1.06 Gbit/s) services.
LWX

retiming and regeneration) for the signal with
the rate of 2.5 Gbit/s. Signal wavelengths input
or output by the board are all
G.694.1-compliant DWDM wavelengths.
TWC
Line code: NRZ

Supports two types of boards:
dual-fed & signal selection;
single-fed & single-receiving.
systems
LWX

Line code: NRZ
systems
TWC

Line code: NRZ
systems
A regenerating board of the LDG, LQS or LGS.
Table 2-5 Application and description of convergent optical wavelength conversion unit
Board
name
Application
Functions
Regenerating
board
OCU

100 GHz
In the transmitting direction, the OCU board

multiplexes four STM-16 signals from different
sources into high speed signal. And then this
signal is converted into the optical signal with
ITU-T Recommendation G.694.1-compliant
direction, it performs the reverse.
LRF
Line code: NRZ

VI systems
The signal FEC encoding and decoding are

2-11
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Board
name
Application
Functions
Regenerating
board
OCUS

100 GHz
The same as the OCU.
LRFS
Line code: CRZ

systems
TMX

100 GHz
Line code: CRZ
Applied to type I, II, III, IV, and
VI systems
Does not support wavelength adjustment for

the transmitted optical signal on the DWDM
side.
In the transmitting direction, the TMX board

multiplexes four STM-16 signals from different
sources into G.709-compliant OTU2 signal.
And then this signal is converted into the
optical signal with ITU-T Recommendation
G.694.1-compliant standard wavelength. In
the receiving direction, it performs the reverse.
TMR
The signal FEC encoding and decoding are

TMXS

100 GHz
The same as TMX.
TMRS
Support SuperWDM technology.
Line code: CRZ

systems
LDG

Line code: NRZ
systems
LQS

Line code: NRZ
systems
Multiplexes two gigabit Ethernet signals into

one STM-16 signal.
TWC
In the transmitting direction, the board

converts two IEEE 802.3z-compliant GE
signals into the optical signal with the
wavelength through conversion,
decapsulation and multiplexing. In the
receiving direction, it restores two IEEE
802.3z-compliant GE signals and sends them
to the gigabit router or other GE devices in the
reverse process.
Multiplexes four STM-1/-4 signals into one
STM-16 signal.
converges four low-rate SDH services into an
STM-16 signal and then converts it into the
ITU-T Recommendation G.694.1-compliant
direction, the board achieves the reverse.
2-12
TWC
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Board
name
Application
Functions
Regenerating
board
LGS
Multiplexes one GE signal and one STM-1/-4

signals into one STM-16 signal.
TWC
Line code: NRZ

systems
AP4

Line code: NRZ
systems
EC8

Line code: NRZ
systems

converges a GE signal and a low-rate SDH
service into an STM-16 signal and then
converts it into the ITU-T Recommendation
the receiving direction, the board achieves the
reverse.
Converge four channels of 200 Mbit/s 1.20
Gbit/s service into STM-16 optical signal.
TWC

converges four low-rate arbitrary protocol
services into an STM-16 signal and then
converts it into the ITU-T Recommendation
the receiving direction, the board achieves the
reverse.
Converge eight channels of 200 Mbit/s
ESCON optical signal into STM-16 optical
signal.
TWC
In the transmitting direction, it converges eight

channels of ESCON service into an STM-16
signal and converts it into the ITU-T
Recommendation G.694.1-compliant standard
wavelength. In the receiving direction, it
achieves the reverse.
2.3.2 Optical Multiplexer/Demultiplexer and Add/Drop Multiplexer

The optical multiplexing/demultiplexing related boards of the OptiX BWS 1600G
system include:
M40: 40-channel Optical Multiplexer (Table 2-6)
D40: 40-channel Optical Demultiplexer (Table 2-6)
V40: 40-channel Optical Multiplexer with VOA (Table 2-6)
FIU: Fiber Interface Unit (Table 2-6)
ITL: Interleaver Unit (Table 2-6)
MB2: Expandable 2-Channel Optical Add/Drop Multiplexing Unit (Table 2-6)
MR2: 2-channel Optical Add/Drop Unit (Table 2-6)
Table 2-6 briefs the application and functions of the above boards. For board
2-13
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 2-6 Application and description of optical multiplexer/demultiplexer/add/drop multiplexer
Board
name
Application
Functions
M40
There are four types of boards corresponding

to four wavebands:
At the transmitting end, the M40 multiplexes 40

optical signals from OTUs into a single fiber for
transmission. That is, it has the function of
multiplexing 40 channels.
M40 (C-EVEN), M40 (C-ODD), M40 (L-EVEN)

and M40 (L-ODD)
Provides the online monitoring optical interface

to monitor the spectrum of the main optical
path without interrupting the traffic.
Applied to all types of systems.

D40

to four wavebands:
D40 (C-EVEN), D40 (C-ODD), D40 (L-EVEN)
and D40 (L-ODD)
V40

There are two types of boards corresponding

to two wavebands:
At the transmitting end, the V40 adjusts the

optical input power of the 40 channels and
multiplexes these channels into a single fiber
for transmission.
V40 (C-EVEN), V40 (C-ODD)
FIU
At the receiving end, the D40 demultiplexes the

main path optical signal transmitted over a
single fiber into 40 optical signals of different
wavelengths and sends them to the
corresponding OTUs.
Applied to type I, II, III, V and VI systems.


to different systems:
The FIU multiplexes or demultiplexes the

signals over the main channel and the optical
supervisory channel. In the transmitting
direction, the FIU accesses the optical
supervisory signal; in the receiving direction, it
extracts the optical supervisory signals.
FIU-I: Supports the C-band, L-band,

supervisory channel multiplexer and
demultiplexer, and clock protection; applied to
type I and II systems.
FIU-II: Supports the C-band, L-band,
supervisory channel multiplexer and
demultiplexer; applied to type I and II systems.

FIU-III: Supports the C-band, supervisory

channel multiplexer and demultiplexer;
applied to type III, V and VI systems.
FIU-IV: Supports the L-band, supervisory
channel multiplexer and demultiplexer;
applied to type IV system.
2-14
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Board
name
Application
Functions
ITL

to different wavebands:
The ITL board achieves the mutual conversion

between the DWDM system with the 100 GHz
channel spacing and that with the 50 GHz
channel spacing.
ITL-C and ITL-L. Applied to type I system.

MB2
Applied to type II and III systems.
Adds/drops two services with the fixed carrier

wavelength. Able to be concatenated with
other OADM units.
MR2
The MR2 board adds/drops two channels of

services with the fixed wavelength in the
OADM.
2.3.3 Optical Amplifier

The EDFA is an essential component of the system, which is employed to
compensate signal attenuation caused by optical components and optical fiber so as
to extend the signal transmission distance.
The OptiX BWS 1600G system also adopts the Raman amplification technology. The
combination of EDFA and Raman amplifier can reduce the system noise and
effectively suppress the deterioration of OSNR, thereby optimizing the system
performance.
The optical amplifier boards include the following:
OAU: Optical Amplifier Unit (Table 2-7)
OBU: Optical Booster Unit (Table 2-7)
OPU: Optical Preamplifier Unit (Table 2-7)
HBA: High-Power Optical Booster Amplifier Unit (Table 2-7)
WBA: WDM Optical Booster Amplifier Unit (Table 2-7)
RPC: Raman Pump Amplifier Unit for C-band (Table 2-8)
RPL: Raman Pump Amplifier Unit for L-band (Table 2-8)
RPA: Raman Pump Amplifier Unit for C-band and L-band (Table 2-8)
Table 2-7 and Table 2-8 brief the application and functions of the erbium doped fiber
amplifier unit and the Raman amplifier unit. For board principles and interface
descriptions, refer to OptiX BWS 1600G Backbone DWDM Optical Transmission
System Hardware Description Manual.
2-15
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 2-7 Application and description of EDFA unit
Board
name
Application
Functions
OAU
OAU is divided into four categories:
The OAU board can amplify the input optical

signal, compensate the fiber loss, and increase
the receiving-end sensitivity budget.
OAU-CG: Amplifies the C-band signal.

OAU-LG: Amplifies the L-band signal.
OAU-CR: Amplifies the C-band signal when
used together with the Raman amplifier.
OAU-LR: Amplifies the L-band signal when
used together with the Raman amplifier.
The OAU board uses the automatic gain

control technique to realize the gain locking
function.
The typical gain of the OAU is: 23 dB, 28 dB,
33 dB.

OBU

to different wavebands:
The OBU board can amplify the optical signal

power.
OBU-C and OBU-L.
The OBU board uses the automatic gain

function.
The gain is 23 dB.

OPU
Used alone or together with the OBU.
Features small noise figure, used to improve

the receiver sensitivity budget.
Applied to the C-band
Uses the automatic gain control technique for

gain locking.
Applied to type III, V and VI systems.
The gain is 23 dB.

HBA
WBA
Applied to the transmitter of the OTM station

in long hop (LHP) application. Applied to the
C-band.
Amplifies the optical signal to high-power in the

transmitting direction to meet the requirements
for LHP application.
Applied to type VI system.
The gain can be adjusted to 29 dB or 35 dB.

to different gains:
Amplifies the signal power to compensate the

line loss.
WBA05 and WBA06.
The WBA board uses the automatic gain

function.
Applied to type III, V systems.
The gain of the WBA05 is 20 dB, and that of the

WBA06 is 17 dB.
2-16
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 2-8 Application and description of Raman amplifier unit
Board
name
Application
Functions
RPC
RPC is the Raman pump amplifier unit for

C-band.
Used at the receiving end of the DWDM

system, it amplifies signals during transmission
by sending high-power pump light to the
transmission fiber.
Always used together with the EDFA.

Applied to type I, II, III and VI systems.
RPL
RPL is the Raman pump amplifier unit for

L-band;
Applied to type I and II systems.
RPA
RPA is the Raman pump amplifier unit for

C-band and L-band.
Raman pump amplifier units realize long-haul,

broad bandwidth, low noise, and distributed
online optical signal amplification.
These units can automatically lock the pump
power, receive the SCC command to switch
on/off the pump source, separate the signal
light, report performances and alarms, and
protect the pump laser.

Applied to type I, II and IV systems.
2.3.4 Optical Supervisory Channel and Timing Transporting Unit

The optical supervisory unit accomplishes overhead processing and transport. And
the optical supervisory and timing transporting unit accomplishes overhead
processing and timing transport.
SC1: Unidirectional Optical Supervisory Channel (Table 2-9)
SC2: Bidirectional Optical Supervisory Channel (Table 2-9)
TC1: Unidirectional Optical Supervisory and TimingTransporting Unit (Table 2-9)
TC2: Bidirectional Optical Supervisory and TimingTransporting Unit (Table 2-9)
2-17
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 2-9 Application and description of optical supervisory channel/timing transporting unit
Board
name
Application
Functions
SC1
The SC1 is used in OTM.
Processes one channel of optical supervisory

signal, receives and sends optical supervisory
signal in OTM.
The carrier wavelength of the optical

supervisory channel is 1510 nm or 1625 nm.
SC2
TC1
The SC2 is used in OLA, OADM, REG, and

OEQ.
Receives and sends bi-directional optical

supervisory channel signals.

The TC1 is used in OTM.
Receives and sends one optical supervisory

channel signal and three channels of 2 Mbit/s
clock signals.

TC2
The TC2 is used in OLA, OADM, REG and

OEQ.
Receives and sends bi-directional optical

supervisory channel signals and three
channels of 2 Mbit/s clock signals.
supervisory channel is 1510 nm/1625 nm.
2.3.5 Performance Monitoring & Adjustment Unit

The performance monitoring & adjustment unit is intended to monitor the optical
spectrum characteristics and optical power, adjust the optical power and dispersion. It
includes:
MCA: Multi-Channel Spectrum Analyzer Unit (Table 2-10)
VOA: Variable Optical Attenuator Unit (Table 2-10)
VA4: 4-Channel Variable Optical Attenuator Unit (Table 2-10)
DGE: Dynamic Gain Equalizer Unit (Table 2-10)
DSE: Dispersion Slop Equilibrium Unit (Table 2-10)
GFU: Gain Flatness Unit (Table 2-10)
DCM: Dispersion Compensation Module (Table 2-10)
2-18
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 2-10 Application and description of performance monitoring & adjustment unit
Board
and
module
name
Application
Functions
MCA
There are two types of MCA available:
Provides the built-in on-line monitoring and

spectrum analysis function to online monitor
such parameters as the central wavelength,
optical power, and OSNR of the optical signals
at 8/4 different points of the system.
MCA-8: on-line monitoring of eight optical

channels.
MCA-4: on-line monitoring of four optical
channels.
VOA
Adjusts the optical power of the line signal.

VA4
Used in the OADM system to adjust the

power of the add/drop channel optical
signal, ensuring power equalization for the
main path signal.
Adjusts the optical power of one optical channel

according to the command from the SCC.
Adjusts the optical power of four optical
channels according to the command from the
SCC.

DGE
Applied to the optical equilibrium (OEQ)

station.
Equalizes the optical power of all channels by

adjusting its own insertion loss spectrum.
Applied to type II, III system.

DSE
There are two types of DSE boards: DSE-I

and
DSE-II.
Applied to type II, III system.
GFU
There are two types of boards

corresponding to different wavebands:
Provides the dispersion slope compensation

optical interface, used together with the
dispersion compensation module (combination
of DCMs), for dispersion equalization and
compensation.
Uses the gain flattening filter (GFF) for static
compensation on uneven gains caused by
optical amplifier concatenation.
GFU-C and GFU-L.

Used together with the optical amplifier unit
(OAU).
Applied to type II and III systems.
DCM
Provides different types of DCMs for the

G.652- and G.655-compliant fibers. DCM
can be configured flexibly as required in
practice.
By means of passive compensation, it uses the

inherent negative dispersion of the dispersion
compensation fiber to compensate the positive
dispersion of the transmitting fiber, so as to
compress the signal impulse.
2-19
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
2.3.6 Optical Fiber Automatic Monitoring Unit

The optical fiber automatic monitoring unit accomplishes the function of automatic
fiber (cable) monitoring, including fiber aging pre-warning, fiber link alarming and initial
fiber fault locating. It includes:
FMU: Fiber Monitoring Unit (Table 2-11)
MWA: Monitoring Wavelength Access Unit (Table 2-11)
MWF: Monitoring Wavelength Filtering Unit (Table 2-11)
The embedded OAMS is a relatively independent optional function, you can order it as
required in practice. The structure of an embedded OAMS system is shown in Figure
2-3.
DWDM node
DWDM node
MWF
MWA
DWDM node
MWF
FMU
Figure 2-3 Structure of the embedded OAMS application (online monitoring)
Table 2-11 briefs the application and functions of the boards involved in the OAMS.
For board principles and interface descriptions, refer to OptiX BWS 1600G Backbone
DWDM Optical Transmission System Hardware Description Manual.
2-20
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 2-11 Application and description of fiber Automatic Monitoring System
Board
name
Application
Functions
FMU
Applied to the embedded OAMS as its core

unit.
Measures the time domain reflection of four

fibers.

MWA
Applied to the embedded OAMS, including

two types:
MWA-I: Accesses two channels of monitoring
optical signals.
During online monitoring, it multiplexes the

service signal of the DWDM system and the
test signal wavelength.
MWA-II: Accesses four channels of

monitoring optical signals.
MWF
Applied to the embedded OAMS, including

two types:
MWF-I: Filters out two channels of monitoring
optical signals.
In online monitoring, it filters out the test signal

wavelength to eliminate its effect on the
transmission system. Used when the service
signal and the test signal are co-directional.
MWF-II: Filters out four channels of

monitoring optical signals.
2.3.7 Protection Unit

The protection unit helps to realize optical line protection, 1+1 optical channel
protection, 1:N (N8) channel protection and OTU secondary power backup. It
includes:
OLP: Optical Line Protection Unit (Table 2-12)
OCP: Optical Channel Protection Unit (Table 2-12)
SCS: Sync Optical Channel Separator Unit (Table 2-12)
PBU: Power Backup Unit (Table 2-12)
2-21
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 2-12 Application and description of protection unit
Board
name
Application
Functions
OLP
Located between the FIU and the line.
Divides the optical signal into two parts at the

transmitting end, and receives them
selectively at the receiving end according to
the optical power.
Uses the OLP board for optical line protection.

Able to automatically switch the traffic to the
standby fiber when the performance of the
active fiber degrades.
OCP
Located between the client equipment and the

OTU.
Helps to realize the 1:N (N8) channel

protection.
Applied to type I, II, III, IV and VI systems.

SCS
Located between the client equipment and the

OTU.
PBU
Serves as the secondary power backup unit of

the OTU.
Achieves dual-fed for optical signal.

Helps to realize the 1+1 channel protection.
Able to automatically switch the traffic to the
standby fiber when the signal quality in the
active fiber degrades.
Achieves centralized protection for the power
supplies of the OTU boards in the same
subrack, and supports the 3.3 V, 5 V and - 5.2
V power supplies on the two OTU boards
simultaneously when power fails.
2.3.8 System Control and Communication Unit

The system control and communication unit (SCC) is the control center of the entire
system, which accomplishes equipment management and the communications
between equipments. It includes the SCC and SCE.
SCC: System Control & Communication Unit (Table 2-13)
SCE: System Control & Communication Unit for Extended Subrack (Table 2-13)
Table 2-13 briefs the application and functions of the SCC and SCE. For board
2-22
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 2-13 Application and description of SCC and SCE
Board
name
Application
Functions
SCC
Applied to every NE.
Accomplishes NE management, overhead

processing and the communication between
equipments, and provides the interface
between the 1600G system and the NM. It is
the control center of the entire OptiX BWS
1600G.
SCE
Applied to the extended subrack.
Support the same functions as SCC except

the overhead processing.
2-23
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
2.4 System Software Architecture

The software system of the OptiX BWS 1600G is a modular structure. Mainly the
whole software is distributed in three modules, including board software, NE software
and NM system, residing respectively on functional boards, SCC, and NM computer.
Hierarchical structure ensures that it is highly reliable and efficient. Each layer
performs specific functions and provides service for the upper layer. The OptiX BWS
1600G system software architecture is shown in Figure 2-4. In the diagram, all
modules are NE software except "Network Management System" and "Board
Software".
Network Management
System
Communication Module
Real-time
multi-task
operating
system
Equipment Management
Module
Database
management
module
Mailbox communication
Module
NE Software
Board Software
Figure 2-4 Software architecture of the OptiX BWS 1600G
2.4.1 Communication Protocols

1. Q3/Qx Interface
Q3 interface is mainly used to connect mediation device (MD), Q adaptation (QA),

network element (NE) and operations system (OS) equipment with OS through data
communication network (DCN), while Qx interface connects MD, QA and NE
equipment through local communication etwork (LCN). At present, QA is provided by
network element management layer. MD and OS are provided by network
management layer. They are connected with each other via Qx interface. According to
the ITU-T Recommendations, Qx interface provided by type I system is developed on
the basis of transport control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) connectionless
2-24
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
network service (CLNS1) protocol stack. In addition, to support remote access of the
network management via modem, IP layer uses serial line internet protocol (SLIP)
protocol.
Complete protocol stack and messages of Q3/Qx interface are described in ITU-T
Recommendations G.773, Q.811 and Q.812.
2. Qecc Interface
Qecc interface utilizes the embedded control channel (ECC) to transmit the
information among NEs. In the system, data communication channel (DCC) in
supervisory channel is used as Qecc physical layer.
Qecc supports automatic route search and manual route table configuration. Normally
the automatic route search function is disabled by default to avoid network storm.
The protocol stack of Qecc interface is described in ITU-T Recommendation G.784.
3. F Interface
F interface adopts RS-232 standard and provides local craft terminal (LCT) access
capability. It is used for maintenance of local area network elements.
The accessing function of F interface is realized via serial port operation,
administration and maintenance (OAM) in the subrack.
2.4.2 Working Principles

The functions and implementation of different layers of the system software are
discussed in the following text.
1. Board Software
It directly controls the functional circuits. In the corresponding board, it implements a

specific function of the network element as defined in ITU-T Recommendations and
the function of defect filtering and one second filtering. It also supports the board
management from the NE software.
2. NE Software
NE software manages, monitors and controls the board operations in NE. It also
assists NM system to facilitate the centralized management over DWDM network.
According to ITU-T Recommendation M.3010, NE software is at unit management
layer in telecom management network, performing the functions: network element
function (NEF), partial mediation function (MF) and OS function at network unit layer.
data communication function (DCF) provides communication channel between NE
and other components (including NM and other NEs).
Real-time multi-task operating system
Real-time multi-task operating system of NE software is responsible for managing

public resources and support application programs. It isolates the application
programs from the processor and provides an application program execution
environment, which is independent from the processor hardware.
2-25
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Mailbox communication module
Mailbox communication is the interface module between NE software and board

software. According to the corresponding communication protocol, communication
function between NE software and board software is implemented for information
exchange and equipment maintenance. Via mailbox communication, board
maintenance and operation commands from the NE software are sent to the boards.
On the other hand, the corresponding board state and alarm and performance events
are reported to the NE software.
Equipment management module
Equipment management module is the kernel of the NE software for implementing

network element management. It includes administrator and client. Administrator can
send network management operation commands and receive events. Client can
respond to the network management operation commands sent by the administrator,
implement operations to the managed object, and send up events according to state
change of the managed object.
Communication module
The communication module exchanges management information between network

management system and network element and among NEs. It consists of network
communication module, serial communication module and ECC communication
module.
Database management module
The database management module is an effective part of the NE software. It includes

two independent parts: data and program. The data are organized in the form of
database and consist of network, alarm, and performance and equipment bases. The
program implements management and accesses to the data in the database.
3. Network Management System
Huawei network management system OptiX iManager, not only provides DWDM
equipment management, but it also handles the entire OptiX family members
including SDH and Metro equipment. In compliance with ITU-T, it offers rich network
maintenance functions.
OptiX iManager series NM includes two parts: OS and WS (WorkStation). OS
includes configuration, fault, performance, security, topology, performance reports,
and system management. The management information is stored in database. OS
manages the NE or NE management system providing Q3 interface. OS can also
provide a management interface for upper-level management system. WS includes
configuration, fault, performance, security, topology, performance reports, system
management and on line help. WS display all the above information through
user-friendly graphic interfaces so that system handling becomes more convenient.
WS and OS exchange the data via F interface.
2-26
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
System Configuration
The OptiX BWS 1600G offers five types of network element:
OTM: Optical Terminal Multiplexer
OLA: Optical Line Amplifier
OADM: Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer
REG: Regenerator
OEQ: Optical Equalizer
Each NE type can operate at 160 channels at most.
3.1 OTM
3.1.1 Signal Flow
OTM is a terminating station of the DWDM network. An OTM is divided into the
transmitting end and the receiving end.
At the transmitting end, the OTM receives optical signals from multiple client
equipments (for example, SDH equipment), and converts these signals, multiplexes,
amplifies and sends them on a single optical fiber.
At the receiving end, the OTM demultiplexes the signals into individual channels and
distributes them to the corresponding client equipments.
An OTM consists of:
Optical transponder unit (OTU)
Optical multiplexer (OM)
Optical demultiplexer (OD)

3-1
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Optical amplifier (OA)
Raman pump amplifier unit (RPU)
Optical supervisory channel unit or supervisory channel and timing transporting

unit (OSC/OTC)
Fiber interface unit (FIU)
Dispersion compensation module (DCM)
Multi-channel spectrum analyzer unit (MCA)
System control & communication unit (SCC)
Power backup unit (PBU)
Figure 3-1 shows the OTM signal flow.

OTU01
OTU02
01
DCM
02
OD
OTU n
Client
side
OTU01
OTU02
OA
n
F
I
U
OSC/OTC
01
02
OA
OM
OTU n
RPU
n
DCM
MCA
Figure 3-1 OTM signal flow
At the transmitting end, up to 160 client-side signals are received at OTU boards,
where these received signals are converted into standard DWDM signals in
compliance with ITU-T Recommendation G.694.1.
The OM multiplexes these signals and sends them to the OA for amplification.
Meanwhile, the DCM implements dispersion compensation. Finally, the amplified
main path signal and supervisory signal are multiplexed, through the FIU, and sent to
the optical fiber for transmission.
At the receiving end, the RPU (optional), a low-noise pump amplifier, amplifies the
received main path signal. Then the main path signal is separated into supervisory
signal and service signal. After amplification and dispersion compensation, the
service signal is sent to the OD and demultiplexed by the OD. The supervisory signal
is directly processed by the OSC or OTC.
The OM, OD and OA provide optical performance monitoring port, through which the
MCA is accessed for monitoring central wavelength, optical power and OSNR of
multiple channels of optical signals.
3-2
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
The integrated OTM can work without OTU at the transmitting end, so 160 channels
of signals can be directly multiplexed into DWDM main optical path.
3.1.2 Structure
For the OTM of the six system types (refer to Chapter 1 Product Overview for
classification of system types), each functional unit and the board(s) contained are
shown in Table 3-1.
For the functions of these boards, refer to Chapter 2 Product Description.
3-3
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 3-1 Functional units and the boards contained (six system types)
OTU
OM
OD
OA
RPU
OSC/OTC
FIU
LWF, LRF, LWS, LRS,

OCU, OCUS, TMX, TMXS,
TMR, TMRS, LBE, LBES
M40+ITL,
V40+ITL
D40+ITL
OAU, OBU, OPU
RPA,
RPC+RPL
SC1, TC1
FIU-I, FIU-II
C + L 800 G
All OTUs
M40, V40
D40
OAU, OBU, OPU
RPA,
RPC+RPL
SC1, TC1
FIU-I, FIU-II
C 800G
LWF, LRF, LWS, LRS,

OCU, OCUS, TMX, TMXS,
TMR, LBE
M40+ITL,
V40+ITL
D40+ITL
OAU, OBU, OPU
RPC
SC1, TC1
FIU-III
III
All OTUs
M40, V40
D40
OAU, OBU, OPU,

WBA
RPC
SC1, TC1
FIU-III
IV
LWF, LRF, LWS, LRS, OCU
M40, V40
D40
OAU, OBU, OPU
RPA
SC1, TC1
FIU-IV
LWC, TRC, LWC1, TRC1,

LDG, LWM, LWX, LQS,
LGS, TWC, AP4, EC8
M40, V40
D40
OAU, OBU, OPU,

WBA
Unused
SC1, TC1
FIU-III
VI
All OTUs
M40, V40
D40
Transmitting end:
HBA, Receiving
end: OPU+OAU
RPC
SC1, TC1
FIU-III
System
Unit
II
3-4
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
1. Type I System
The type I system (1600G capacity) uses four 400 Gbit/s modules together, as
shown in Table 3-2, to access 160 channels.
Table 3-2 Distribution of 160 channels
Group
Frequency range (THz)
Wavelength range (nm)
Channel spacing (GHz)
C-EVEN
192.10196.00
1529.161560.61
100
C-ODD
192.15196.05
L-EVEN
186.95190.85
L-ODD
187.00190.90
100
1570.421603.57
100
100
The structure of the OM, OD and OA of the type I system is shown in Figure 3-2.
Each of them has different specifications to process signals of different bands. For
example, M40 (C-ODD) multiplexes signals of C-ODD channels, M40 (C-EVEN)
multiplexes signals of C-EVEN channels.
OM & OD
OA
M40
C-ODD
M40
C-EVEN
OA-C
ITL-C
D40
C-ODD
OA-C
D40
C-EVEN
M40
L-ODD
OA-L
M40
L-EVEN
D40
L-ODD
ITL-L
OA-L
D40
L-EVEN
ITL-C: C-band interleaver

OA-C: C-band optical amplifier unit
M40:40-channel multiplexing unit
ITL-L: L-band interleaver

OA-L:L-band optical amplifier unit
M40: 40-channel demultiplexing unit
Figure 3-2 The structure of the OM, OD and OA of the type I system
The four 400 Gbit/s optical modules multiplex optical signals of each band and send
the multiplexed signal to the ITL-C and ITL-L, where the multiplexed signals are
multiplexed again into 80-channel multiplexed signal in C-band and 80-channel
3-5
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
multiplexed signal in L-band, with channel spacing of 50 GHz. After amplification and
dispersion compensation, the signals of two bands, together with optical supervisory
signal or optical supervisory signal & clock signal, are sent to the optical fiber for
transmission.
Note:
The channel spacing within each group is 100 GHz, that is the channel spacing at
each multiplexer/demultiplexer is 100 GHz. But the spacing between two adjacent
channels, for example channel 1 and channel 2, is 50 GHz. Therefore, the
interleaver can be used to realize 50 GHz channel spacing for the 1600G
transmission system.
For example, the frequencies of a multiplexed signal are 192.1 THz, 192.2
THz 196.0 THz, totally 40 channels, and those of another multiplexed signal are
192.15 THz, 192.25 THz 196.05 THz, totally 40 channels. After passing through
the interleaver, the output frequencies change to 192.1 THz, 192.15 THz, 192.2 THz,
192.25 THz, , 196.0 THz, 196.05 THZ, with channel spacing of 50 GHz. In this way,
the interleaver multiplexes/demultiplexes odd channels and even channels.
2. Type II System
The type II system can be realized in two ways:
C+L 800G
C 800G
The channel spacing of the C+L 800G system is 100 GHz, and that of the C 800G
system is 50 GHz. The structure of the OM, OD, and OA of the type II system is
similar to that of the type I system. The OM, OD and OA of the C+L 800G system
operate at C-EVEN and L-ODD bands, and those of the C 800G system operate at
C-EVEN and C-ODD, as shown in Figure 3-3.
3-6
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
OM
M40
C-EVEN
M40
L-ODD
D40
L-ODD
D40
C-EVEN
OA
OM & OD
OA-C
OA
M40
C-ODD
OA-L
OA-C
M40
C-EVEN
ITL-C
D40
C-ODD
OA-L
OA-C
D40
C-EVEN
OA-C
OD
Type II system
C 800G structure of OM, OD
and OA
Type II system
C+L 800G structure of OM,
OD and OA
Figure 3-3 The structure of OM, OD, OA of the type II system
3. Type III, IV, V and VI Systems
The structure of the OM, OD, and OA of the type III, V, and VI systems is similar to
that of the type I system, operating at C-EVEN band only. The type IV system
operates at L-ODD band only.
The structure of the OM, OD and OA of the type III, IV, V, and VI systems is shown in
Figure 3-4.
OM
M40
C-EVEN
D40
C-EVEN
OA
OM
M40
L-ODD
OA-C
D40
L-ODD
OA-C
OD
OA
OA-L
OA-L
OD
The structure of OM, OD, OA of

the type III and V systems

the type IV system
OA
OM
M40
C-EVEN
HBA
D40
C-EVEN
OAU
OD
the type VI system
Figure 3-4 The structure of OM, OD, OA of the type III, IV, V and VI systems
3-7
OptiX BWS 1600G TM

1. Type I System
In full configuration, an open OTM of the type I system needs six cabinets and 17
subracks, while an integrated OTM needs two cabinets and six subracks.
The configuration of OTM is based on the system capacity and upgrading mode.
Typically, the type I system adopts the smooth expansion by adding C-EVEN module,
C-ODD module, then L-EVEN module, and then L-ODD module. Each module has a
maximum capacity of 400 Gbit/s (40 channels) and smooth expansion from 1 to 40
channels can be enabled within each module.
Figure 3-5 shows the typical C-band 800 Gbit/s OTM configuration and Figure 3-6
shows the typical L-band 800 Gbit/s OTM configuration.
Power
Power
O O O O O O S O O O O O O
T T T T T T C T T T T T T
U U U U U U E U U U U U U
M
4
0
O O O O S O O O O
T T T T C T T T T
U U U U E U U U U
(CO)
M
4
0
O O O O S O O O O
T T T T C T T T T
U U U U E U U U U
(CE)
D
4
0
Power
D
4
0
O O O O
T T T T
U U U U
S
C
E
(CO)
O OO O O O S O O O O O O
(CE)
O
A
U
M
C
A
I T S
T C C
L 1 C
(CG)
(C)
(C)
F
I
U
R
P
C
O
A
U
(CR)
DCM
HUB/1
HUB/1
C-EVEN OTU
C-ODD OTU
Note: All plug-in OTUs belong to C-band. HUB/1 indicates one 8-port HUB is configured in the HUB frame
Figure 3-5 Configuration of C-band 800 Gbit/s OTM (type I system)
3-8
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Power
Power
M
4
0
O O O O S O O O O
T T T T C T T T T
U U U U E U U U U
(LO)
M
4
0
O O O O S O O O O
T T T T C T T T T
U U U U E U U U U
(LE)
D
4
0
Power
D
4
0
(LO)
(LE)
O
A
U
M
C
A
(LG)
(L)
O O S O O I R
T T C T T T P
U U E U U L L
(L)
O
A
U
(LR)
DCM
HUB/2
HUB/1
L-EVEN OTU
L-ODD OTU
Note: All plug-in OTUs belong to L-band. HUB/1 indicates one 8-port HUB is configured in the HUB frame, and
HUB/2 indicates two 8-port HUBs are configured in the HUB frame.
Figure 3-6 Configuration of L-band 800 Gbit/s OTM (type I system)
Note:
If the system provides the line protection function, the OLP board needs to be
configured. In this case, the Raman amplifier unit cannot be used.
If OTUs need centralized power protection, a PBU board should be configured in slot
1 of the subrack holding OTU and all OTUs are placed in turn to right.
2. Type II System
The type II system supports C+L 800G and C 800G.

The configuration of C+L OTM can be upgraded from the initial C-band 400G to C+L
800G, as shown in Figure 3-7.
3-9
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Power
Power
M
4
0
O O O O S O O O O
T T T T C T T T T
U U U U E U U U U
(CE)
D
4
0
Power
(CE)
O
A
U
M
C
A
(CG)
(C)
T S
C C
1 C
F
I
U
R
P
C
O
A
U
(CR)
DCM
HUB/1
M
4
0
O
A
U
M
C
A
(LO)
(LG)
(L)
S
C
E
R
P
L
O
A
U
D
4
0
(LG)
(LO)
HUB/1
C-EVEN
L-ODD
Note: OTUs are either in C-EVEN or L-ODD band. HUB/1 indicates one 8-port HUB is configured in the
HUB frame.
Figure 3-7 Configuration of C+L 800 Gbit/s OTM (type II system)
1 of the subrack holding OTU.
C band OTM supports service expansion form one to 80 channels. The typical
configuration of C band 800G OTM is shown in Figure 3-8.
3-10
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Power
Power
M
4
0
O O O O S O O O O
T T T T C T T T T
U U U U E U U U U
(CO)
M
4
0
O O O O S O O O O
T T T T C T T T T
U U U U E U U U U
(CE)
D
4
0
Power
D
4
0
O O O O
T T T T
U U U U
S
C
E
(CO)
(CE)
O
A
U
M
C
A
I T S
T C C
L 1 C
(CG)
(C)
(C)
F
I
U
R
P
C
O
A
U
(CR)
DCM
HUB/1
HUB/1
C-EVEN OTU
C-ODD OTU
Figure 3-8 Configuration of C band 800 Gbit/s OTM (type II system)
3. Type III, IV and V Systems
Figure 3-9 shows the configuration of OTM of the type III system (C-EVEN 400
Gbit/s).
The configuration of L-ODD 400G OTM of the type IV system is similar to that of the
type III system, except the boards are in L-ODD band.
The configuration of C-EVEN OTM of the type V system is similar to that of the type
III system, but the OTU it uses is no more than 2.5 Gbit/s and no DCM is needed.
If the system provides the line protection function, the OLP board needs to be
configured. In this case, the Raman amplifier unit cannot be used.
1 of the subrack holding OTU.
3-11
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Power
Power
M
4
0
O
A
U
(C)
O O O O S O O O O
T T T T C T T T T
U U U U E U U U U
M
C
A
(C)
F T S
I C C
U 1 C
D
4
0
O O O O O O S O O
T T T T T T C T T
U U U U U U E U U
O
A
U
(C)
DCM
HUB/1
Note: All OTUs belong to C-EVEN band.
Figure 3-9 Configuration of 400 Gbit/s OTM (type III system)
4. Type VI System
Being an LHP, the type VI system provides 10-channel and 40-channel application,
which has similar configuration, except the number of OTU. Figure 3-10 shows the
configuration of the 10-channel system.
3-12
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Power
P O O O
B T T T
U U U U
P
B
U
H
B
A
M
4
0
S
C
E
O O O S O O O O
T T T C T T T T
U U U E U U U U
M
C
A
(C)
F T S
I C C
U 1 C
O
A
U
(C)
D
4
0
O
A
U
(C)
DCM
HUB/1
Note: All OTUs belong to C-EVEN band.
Figure 3-10 Configuration of 10-channel OTM (type VI system)
The OTM of the type VI system is configured with a high booster amplifier (HBA) at
the transmitting end, and two optical amplifier units (OAU) at the receiving end.

1. Configuration of M40, V40 and VA4
In an open system, if the output power of the OTU boards is not adjustable, the
number of optical channels is more than 16, and there is a need for power
equalization, use V40. If the number of optical channels is less than 16, and there
is a need for power equalization, install one M40 along with several VA4.
In an integrated system, if there is a need for power equalization, install V40.
In a hybrid system, if the output power of the OTU boards is not adjustable, the
number of optical channels is more than 16, and there is a need for power
equalization, M40 is replaced by V40 of corresponding band. If the number of
optical channels is less than 16, and there is a need for power equalization, install
one M40 along with several VA4.
If there is no need for power equalization, install M40.
3-13
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
2. Configuration of OTU
When installing OTU, first configure the C-EVEN module, and then C-ODD,
L-EVEN and L-ODD modules, from the bottom subrack to top subrack and left to
right in the subrack.
If the external clock is needed, the OCU boards are installed in the subrack from
right to left according to the sequence from big wavelength No. to small
wavelength No.. The preferred sequence of slots is: 12, 10, 8, 5, 3, 1.
3. Configuration of SCC/SCE
Generally, the SCC board is required in one subrack with SC1/SC2/TC1/TC2

installed. SCE is installed in other subracks.
4. Configuration of Amplifier Unit
If OAU is to be used together with Raman amplifier unit, install OAU-CR/OAU-LR.

Otherwise, use OAU-CG/OAU-LG.
Amplifier units of the transmitting and receiving ends are installed at the leftmost
slots or rightmost slots.
5. Configuration of Supervisory Channel and Timing Transporting Unit
If clock transmission is required, use TC1/TC2; otherwise use SC1/SC2. Note

that TC1/TC2 cannot be used together with SC1/SC2.
If clock protection is required, install TC1/TC2 in both slot 6 and slot 8; otherwise
slot 6 is preferential.
6. Configuration of Protection Group
In 1:8 OTU protection, all the boards in a protection group, including the working
OTU boards, the protection OTU, and the OCP should be installed in one
subrack. One subrack can accommodate one protection group only.
OLP is used for the purpose of optical line protection. It is not used with Raman
amplifier unit.
3-14
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
3.2 OLA
3.2.1 Signal Flow
The OLA amplifies bidirectional optical signals and compensates the dispersion to
extend the transmission distance without regeneration.
The OLA consists of:

unit (OSC/OTC)
The OLA flow signal is shown in Figure 3-11.

DCM
C-band
OA-C
L-band
OA-L
RPU
DCM
FIU
OSC/OTC
FIU
DCM
C-band
L-band
OA-C
RPU
OA-L
DCM
Figure 3-11 OLA signal flow
At the receiving end, the RPU (optional), a low-noise pump amplifier, amplifies line
optical signals. The FIU separates the line optical signals into service signals and
supervisory signal.
Then all the service signals are sent to OA, where these signals are amplified
according to C-band and L-band. Meanwhile, DCM implements the dispersion
compensation to the service signals. Optical supervisory signals are sent to the OSC
3-15
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
(OTC) for overhead processing (overhead and network clock).

At the transmitting end, the amplified service signals and supervisory signal are sent,
through the FIU, to the optical fiber for transmission.
3.2.2 Structure
For the OLA of the six system types, each functional unit and the board(s) contained
are shown in Table 3-3.
For the functions of these boards refer to Chapter 2 Product Description.
Table 3-3 Functional unit and the boards contained (five system types)
OA
RPU
OSC/OTC
FIU
OAU, OBU, OPU
RPA, RPC+RPL
SC1, TC1
FIU-I,
FIU-II
II
OAU, OBU, OPU
RPA, RPC+RPL
SC1, TC1
FIU-I,
FIU-II
II (C 800G)
OAU, OBU, OPU
RPC
SC2, TC2
FIU-III
III
OAU, OBU, OPU,

WBA
RPC
SC2, TC2
FIU-III
IV
OAU, OBU, OPU
RPA
SC2, TC2
FIU-IV
OAU, OBU, OPU,

WBA
Unused
SC2, TC2
FIU-III
System
Unit
The OLA equipment of the type I system adopts optical amplifier of C-band and
L-band for amplifying service signals of C-band and L-band respectively.
The C+L 800G OLA of the type II system adopts optical amplifier of C-band and
L-band for amplifying service signals of C-band and L-band respectively. The c
band 800G OLA adopts optical amplifier of C-band for amplifying service signals
of C-band.
The OLA equipment of the type III and V system adopts optical amplifier of
C-band for amplifying service signal of C-band.
The OLA equipment of the type IV system adopts optical amplifier of L-band for
amplifying service signal of L-band.
The type VI system is long hop system with no need for the OLA equipment.
3-16
OptiX BWS 1600G TM

In full configuration, the OLA only needs one cabinet. In engineering configuration,
whether to use OAU, OBU, OPU, WBA or the combination of them is dependent on
the actual line loss and power budget.
1. Type I System
The OLA equipment achieves the bidirectional main path optical signal amplification
in C-band and L-band. In each direction, two optical amplifiers are needed, which
amplify optical signals in C-band and L-band respectively. The configuration is shown
in Figure 3-12.
Note:
In DWDM equipment, the definition about west and east is:
1. In chain network left is west and right is east.
2. In ring network, the counter-clockwise (outer ring) is the primary ring, with the
direction from west to east.
west
west
east
east
west
east
east
west
west
east
3-17
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Power
from west
to east
O
A
U
(C)
O
A
U
(L)
F T S
I C C
U 2 C
F
I
U
O
A
U
(L)
O
A
U
(C)
from east
to west
east
west
DCM
Figure 3-12 Configuration of C+L band OLA (type I and II systems)
If the system needs a Raman amplifier unit, configure two RPA boards in the new
middle subrack; if the system needs to configure the optical line protection, configure
two OLP boards in the new middle subrack. Note that RPA and OLP can not be
configured at the same time.
2. Type II System

The C+L band OLA amplifies the signals on the main bidirectional path of C band
and L band. In each direction, two optical amplifiers are needed for amplifying optical
signals of C band and L band respectively, as shown in Figure 3-12. The C band
OLA amplifies the optical signals on the main bidirectional path of C band. In each
direction, one optical amplifier is needed, as shown in Figure 3-13.
3. Type III and V Systems
The OLA equipment achieves the bidirectional main path optical signal amplification
in C-band; each direction needs one optical amplifier. The configuration is shown in
Figure 3-13.
3-18
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Power
from west
to east
O
A
U
(C)
O F T S
L I C C
P U 2 C
F O
I L
U P
O
A
U
(C)
from east
to west
east
west
DCM
Figure 3-13 Configuration of C band OLA (type III and V systems)
The case shown in Figure 3-13 is configured with optical line protection, which can
be disabled by removing the OLP board. If the system needs a Raman amplifier unit,
configure two RPC boards in the lower subrack. Note that the Raman amplification
function and line protection function are exclusive.
Usually, the type V system does not need the DCM unit.
4. Type IV System
The configuration of the type IV system is similar to that of the type III system, except
that the OA units of the type IV system are used in L-band.


If OAU, OBU and Raman amplifier unit are to be configured from west to east,
install them at the left side (slot 1 or 3) of the subrack. If they are to be configured
from east to west, install them at the right side (slot 12 or 10) of the subrack.
If the power budget of the system is not adequate, OBU can be used besides
3-19
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
OAU. Install OBU in slot 3 (from west to east) or slot 10 (from east to west).
OBU is preferential than Raman amplifier unit in installing in the slots above
mentioned. Raman amplifier units can also be installed in other idle slots.
Generally, SCC is installed in one subrack with SC1/SC2/TC1/TC2 installed. SCE

is installed in other subracks.
3. Configuration of Optical Supervisory Channel and Timing Transporting Unit
If clock transmission is required, use TC2; otherwise use SC2. Note that TC2
cannot be used together with SC2.
If clock protection is required, install TC2 in both slot 6 and slot 8; otherwise slot 6
is preferential.
OLP is used for the purpose of optical line protection, but not used with Raman
amplifier unit.
3-20
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
3.3 OADM
3.3.1 Signal Flow
OADM is used to add/drop channels to/from the main path locally while passing
other channels transparently.
The OptiX BWS 1600G has two types of OADM equipment: serial OADM and
parallel OADM. Serial OADM can be configured by concatenating MR2 boards,
while parallel OADM is formed by back-to-back OTMs.
1. Serial OADM
It consists of:
Optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM)

unit (OSC/OTC)
Figure 3-14 shows the signal flow of serial OADM.
3-21
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
OTU
1
OTU
2
n-1
OA
OA
C-band
F
I
U
OADM unit
OA
L-band
C-band
OA
F
I
U
L-band
OA
OA
OSC/OTC
MCA
Figure 3-14 The signal flow of serial OADM
The OADM unit in Figure 3-14 is formed by MB2 or MR2, and can support full
add/drop at C-band.
At the receiving end, the RPU (optional), a low-noise pump amplifier, amplifies line
optical signals. The FIU demultiplexes the line optical signals into service signals and
supervisory signal.
The supervisory signal is sent to the OSC or OTC for processing. The C-band
service signals are added/dropped some channels in the OADM. Note that the
service signals may need to be amplified before they enter or after they go out of the
OADM unit. The L-band service signals are also amplified through the OA. Finally,
C-band and L-band service signals are combined with supervisory signal and sent to
the optical fiber.
2. Parallel OADM
It consists of:

unit (OSC/OTC)

3-22
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Figure 3-15 shows the signal flow of parallel OADM (the 40-channel system is taken
as an example)
OSC/OTC
P
P
1~40
IN
OA
OD
F
I
U
OM
1~40
OA
F
I
U
IN
OUT
OUT
P
1~40
OA
OM
P
A
A
D
D
O
T
U
P: Pass-through channel
O
T
U
A: Added channel
O
T
U
OD
O
T
U
OA
1~40
MCA
D: Dropped channel
Figure 3-15 The signal flow of parallel OADM
The parallel OADM is formed by back-to-back OTMs. The parallel OADM can
add/drop channels through the OD (D40) and the OM (M40) while regenerating or
passing through other channels.
When more than 32 add/drop channels are required in one station, the parallel
OADM is usually used. And it can be upgraded to 160 channels as needed.
3.3.2 Structure
The parallel OADMs of the five system types (type I to type V) are constructed in the
similar way. Here only serial OADM is introduced.
For the serial OADM of the five system types, each functional unit and the board(s)
contained are shown in Table 3-4.
For the functions of these boards, refer to Chapter 2 Product Description.
3-23
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 3-4 Functional units and the boards contained (five system types)
System
Unit
II (C+L 800G)
OTU
OADM
OA
RPU
OSC/OTC
FIU
LWF, LRF, LWS,

LRS, OCU, TMX,
TMXS, TMR,
TMRS, LBE,
LBES
ITL+MR2,
ITL+MB2,
OAU, OBU,
OPU
RPA,
SC1, TC1
FIU-I,
FIU-II
All OTUs
MR2, MB2
OAU, OBU,
OPU
RPA,
SC1, TC1
FIU-I,
FIU-II
RPC+RPL
RPC+RPL
II (C 800G)
LWF, LRF, LWS,

LRS, OCU, TMX,
TMXS, TMR,
TMRS, LBE,
LBES
ITL+MR2,
ITL+MB2
OAU, OBU,
OPU
RPC
SC2, TC2
FIU-III
III
All OTUs
MR2, MB2
OAU, OBU,
OPU, WBA
RPC
SC1, TC1
FIU-III
IV
LWF, LRF, LWS,

LRS, OCU
MR2, MB2
OAU, OBU,
OPU
RPA
SC1, TC1
FIU-V
LWC, TRC,
LWC1, TRC1,
LDG, LWM, LWX,
LQS, LGS, TWC,
AP4, EC8
MR2, MB2
OAU, OBU,
OPU, WBA
Unused
SC1, TC1
FIU-III
1. Type I System
The structure of the serial OADM of the type I system is shown in Figure 3-16.
3-24
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
OADM unit
1
C-ODD
OADM
board
I
T
L
OADM
board
C-ODD
I
T
L
C-EVEN
OADM
board
OADM
board
C-EVEN
Figure 3-16 The structure of the OADM in type I system
In Figure 3-16, the OADM includes the ITL, which divides the service signals into
odd channels and even channels. Up to 16 odd channels and 16 even channels can
be added/dropped in C band, so the OADM can add/drop up to 32 channels locally.
2. Type II System

The C+L OADM does not include ITL. It supports full add/drop by cascading OADM
units. The OADM of C band is the same as that of the type I system. It can add/drop
up to 32 channels.
1
C-ODD
C-EVEN
OADM
OADM
OADM
OADM
C-EVEN
C-ODD
I
T
L
L-ODD
OADM
OADM
I
T
L
C-EVEN
OADM
OADM
C-EVEN
L-ODD
Tpe II system
C 800G
Type II system
C+L 800G
Figure 3-17 The structure of the OADM in type II system
3. Type III, IV and V Systems
The OADM of the type III system does not include the ITL. It can support full
add/drop by cascading OADMs, as shown in Figure 3-18.
3-25
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
OADM in type III system
1
C-EVEN
OADM
board
OADM
board
C-EVEN
Figure 3-18 The structure of the OADM in type III system
The OADM of the type IV and V systems does not include the ITL either. They
add/drop up to 16 channels by cascading MR2 boards.

1. Serial OADM
Taking the type III system as an example, 16 channel services can be

added/dropped at OADM (eight in east and eight in west), other wavelengths pass
through. The configuration is shown in Figure 3-19
Power
M M O O O O S M M O O O O
B R T T T T C B R T T T T
2 2 U U U U E 2 2 U U U U
M M O O O O S M M O O O O
B R T T T T C B R T T T T
2 2 U U U U E 2 2 U U U U
from west
to east
O
A
U
(C)
O
B
U
(C)
F T S
I C C
U 2 C
F
I
U
O
B
U
(C)
west
subrack
east
subrack
O
A
U
(C)
from east
to west
east
west
DCM
HUB
Figure 3-19 Configuration of C-band serial OADM equipment (type III system)
3-26
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
If the system needs the Raman amplifier unit, RPU is installed in the new subrack; if
the system needs the optical line protection, two OLP boards are installed in the new
subrack and cabinet.
1 of each subrack holding OTU. And all OTU boards are placed in turn to right after
the PBU.
The configurations of OADM of other systems are similar to that of the type III
system. For the type I system, the ITL board and L-band OAU should be added;
For the type II system, the L-band OAU should be added for C+L 800G and the ITL
board added for C 800G;
For the type IV system, the L-band OAU and OADM unit should be added;
For the type V system, DCM is not needed.
2. Parallel OADM
Taking the type III system as an example, 20 channels of services can be

added/dropped at OADM (10 in east and 10 in west), other wavelengths pass
through. The configuration is shown in Figure 3-20
3-27
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Power
P O O
B T T
U U U
Power
V
A
4
S
C
E
P O O O O O S O O O
B T T T T T C T T T
U U U U U U E U U U
M
4
0
O
A
U
(C)
F T S
I C C
U 2 C
M
C
A
O
A
U
V V
A A
4 4
D
4
0
P O O
B T T
U U U
P O O O O O S O O O
B T T T T T C T T T
U U U U U U E U U U
M
4
0
(C)
V
A
4
S
C
E
O
A
U
(C)
DCM
HUB/1
F T S
I C C
U 2 C
O
A
U
V V
A A
4 4
D
4
0
(C)
DCM
HUB/1
East cabinet
West cabinet
Figure 3-20 Configuration of C-band parallel OADM equipment (type III system)

C or L below the OAU, OBU, MCA, and ITL indicates their working bands.

If OAU, OBU, Raman amplifier unit and ITL are to be configured from west to
east, install them at the left side of the subrack. If they are to be configured from
east to west, install them at the right side of the subrack.
2. Configuration of OTU
When installing OUT, first configure the C-EVEN module, and then C-ODD
module.
If the number of MR2 boards exceeds 4, east MR2 boards are installed in one
subrack and west MR2 boards in another. If the number is no more than 4, east
MR2 boards are installed in right slots and west MR2 boards in left slots of the
3-28
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
same subrack.
If the external clock is needed, the OCU boards are installed in the subrack from
right to left according to the sequence from big wavelength No. to small
wavelength No.. The preferential sequence of slots is: 12, 10, 8, 5, 3, 1.
Generally, the SCC board is required in one subrack with SC1/SC2/TC1/TC2

installed. SCE is installed in other subracks.
4. Configuration of Optical Supervisory Channel and Timing Transporting Unit
If clock transmission is required, use TC2; otherwise use SC2. Note that TC2
cannot be used together with SC2.
If clock protection is required, install TC2 in both slot 6 and slot 8; otherwise slot 6
is preferential.
OLP is used for the purpose of optical line protection. It is exclusive with Raman
amplifier unit in the configuration.
3-29
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
3.4 REG
3.4.1 Signal Flow
We have already discussed that OLA can extend the optical transmission distance
without regeneration. However, when the distance is longer, such factors as
dispersion, power loss, optical noise, non-linear effect, or PMD will affect the
transmission performance. In this case, we need to regenerate the original signals. A
REG accomplishes the 3R function, i.e. reshaping, re-timing and regenerating to
improve signal quality and extend the transmission distance.
An REG station contains:

unit (OSC/OTC)
Figure 3-21 shows the REG signal flow block diagram.

DCM
OTU01
OTU02
OA
01
OM
OD
OTU n
F
I
U
DCM
02
OA
n
F
I
U
OSC/OTC
OTU01
OTU02
OA
01
02
OM
OD
DCM
OTU n
OA
n
DCM
MCA
Figure 3-21 REG signal flow
The signal flow of the REG is similar to that of back-to-back OTMs, except that no
signal is added/dropped. Signals are regenerated through regenerating OTU.
3-30
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
3.4.2 Structure
For the REG of the six system types, each functional unit and the board(s) contained
are shown in Table 3-1.
The structure of OM, OD, and OA of the six system types is the same with that of the
OTM equipment, as shown in Figure 3-2 and Figure 3-3.

The configuration of REG is basically equivalent to that of two back-to-back OTMs,
following the same configuration rule.
Difference:
REG needs to configure a bidirectional OSC/OTC or a group of that for backup.
REG needs to configure two FIU boards.
REG needs the regenerating OTU.
The configuration of REG of 20-channel application in type III system is the same as
that shown in Figure 3-20.

The configuration principle of REG is the same as OTM.
3-31
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
3.5 OEQ
3.5.1 Signal Flow
In the extra long haul (ELH) application, as the transmission distance without
regenerator is much longer than that in the long haul application, the following
problems may occur.
Accumulation of non flatness of optical amplifier gain spectrum and fiber

attenuation spectrum causes disequilibrium between the optical power and
signal-to-noise ratio at the receiving end.
The dispersion slope of DCM does not match with optical fibers completely, so all
wavelengths cannot be compensated completely, and the dispersion at the
receiving end fails to meet the requirement of the system.
To better realize optical power equalization and dispersion compensation, the OEQ
is used in the ELH application. Currently, the type II and II systems can realize ELH
transmission.
The OEQ equipment consists of optical power equalizer and dispersion equalizer.
(1) Optical power equalizer
It consists of:
Optical power equalizer (OPE)

unit (OSC/OTC)
Figure 3-22 shows the signal flow of optical power equalizer.
3-32
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
OA
F
I
U
OPE
OA
F
I
U
OSC/OTC
OA
OA
OPE
MCA
Figure 3-22 The signal flow of optical power equalizer.
(2) Dispersion equalizer

It consists of:
Dispersion equalizer (DE)

unit (OSC/OTC)
Figure 3-23 shows the signal flow of dispersion equalizer.
OA
F
I
U
DE
OA
F
I
U
OSC/OTC
OA
OA
DE
MCA
Figure 3-23 The signal flow of dispersion equalizer
The dispersion equalizer and the optical power equalizer can be placed in the same
station.
The dispersion equalizer is often placed at the receiving end of the OTM for
3-33
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
dispersion equalization, as shown in Figure 3-24. It is recommended to place it at the

receiving end of the last station in the optical multiplexing section.
OTU01
OTU02
DE
01
02
OD
OTU n
Client
side
OTU01
OTU02
OA
n
F
I
U
OSC/OTC
01
02
OA
OM
OTU n
RPU
n
DCM
MCA
Figure 3-24 The signal flow of dispersion equalizer in OTM
3.5.2 Structure
Optical power equalizer
Two solutions are available: use of dynamic gain equalizer unit (DGE) and use of
VMUX unit, as shown in Figure 3-25 and Figure 3-26.
OAU
F
I
U
DGE+DCM
OAU
C-EVEN
DCM+DGE
F
I
U
C-EVEN
SC2/TC2
MCA-C
DGE: Dynamic gain equalizer unit

OAU: Optical amplifier unit
DCM: Dispersion compensation module
FIU: Fiber interface unit
SC2: Bidirectional optical supervising channel unit
Figure 3-25 Optical power equalization through the DGE
In Figure 3-25, the optical power equalizer unit consists of DGE and DCM. The DGE
realizes optical power equilibrium of each channel by adjusting insertion loss
spectrum of the DGE board. DCM is used to realize dispersion compensation of the
system.
This solution has all the functions of OLA. In addition, optical power equilibrium is
3-34
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
implemented to make the multiplexed signals meet the requirement for optical power
flatness, and to extend transmission distance without regeneration.
Note:
For DGE solution, note whether the power margin of OAU meets the insertion loss
requirement of DCM and DGE. If the margin cannot meet the requirement,
OAU+OBU should be adopted. DCM and DGE are placed between two amplifiers.
OAU
C-EVEN
F
I
U
OBU
V40
D40
F
I
U
SC2
OBU
V40
D40
V40: 40-channel multiplexing unit with VOA

OBU: Optical booster unit
SC2: Bidirectional optical supervisory channel unit
C-EVEN
OAU
D40: 40-channel demultiplexing unit

FIU: Fiber interface unit
Figure 3-26 Optical power equalization through the VMUX (the V40 board)
In Figure 3-26, VMUX is adopted. V40 is used as the VMUX unit to adjust optical
power of each channel, so as to equalize optical power.
The user can select one of the solutions according to the actual requirement.
Dispersion equalizer
The dispersion equalizer realizes equalized compensation of dispersion for

multiplexed signals, as shown in Figure 3-27.
3-35
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
DCM
OBU
DSE
OAU
F
I
U
F
I
U
SC2
OBU
DSE
OAU
DCM
DSE: Dispersion slope equalizer unit

OBU: Optical booster unit
FIU: Fiber interface u nit

SC2: Bidirectional optical supervising channel unit
DCM: Dispersion compensation module
Figure 3-27 Composition of dispersion equalizer
Through the dispersion slope equalizer (DSE), the system sends the multiplexed
signals to the DCM for equalized compensation of dispersion.
Note:
In ultra-long haul transmission, the configuration of optical equalizer should follow the
principles below.
1. When 8number of optical amplification sections12, and without configuration
of OEQ, the VMUX should be configured at the transmitting end for equalization.
2. When number of optical amplification sections12, the OEQ should be
configured. The subsequent optical amplification sections will be configured
differently according to OEQ solution.
a. D40+V40 solution: An OEQ is added when 8 optical amplification sections are
added.
b. DGE solution: An OEQ is added when 5 optical amplification sections are
added.
If the optical fiber length of multiplexing section is equal to or greater than 1000km,
dispersion equalizer is required.

Figure 3-28 shows the configuration of the optical equalizer in the type III system.
Figure 3-29 shows the configuration of the dispersion equalizer in the type III system.
3-36
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Power
Power
M
C
A
(C)
O
A
U
D
G
E
V
4
0
D
4
0
M
C
A
(C)
O
A
U
O
A
U
O
B
U
F T S
I C C
U 2 C
(C)
(C)
(C)
S
C
E
F T S
I C C
U 2 C
F
I
U
D
G
E
(C)
S
C
E
F
I
U
D
4
0
V
4
0
O
B
U
O
A
U
(C)
(C)
DCM
HUB
DCM
HUB
Solution 2: V40+D40
Solution 1: DGE
Figure 3-28 Configuration of OEQ
3-37
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Power
F
I
U
O
A
U
(C)
O
B
U
(C)
S
C
E
F
I
U
M
C
A
(C)
D T S
S C C
E 2 C
D
S
E
O
B
U
(C)
O
A
U
(C)
DCM
HUB
Figure 3-29 Configuration of dispersion equalizer

The configuration principle of OEQ is the same as that of OLA.
The OEQ (DGE and DSE) is inserted following west on the left and right on the
east.
3-38
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Networking and System Applications
4.1 Networking and Applications

As shown in Figure 4-1, the OptiX BWS 1600G can be used in point-to-point network,
chain network and ring network, all of which can realize long haul, ultra long haul, or
ultra long haul and long hop application under different system configurations and
technologies.

4-1
OptiX BWS 1600G TM

OLA
(1)
Client
OLA
(2)
OLA
(n-1)
OTM
OTM
1160
Client
1160
mdB
nm dB
Point-to-point network
ADD
Client
OTM
OLA
OADM
OLA
OEQ
REG
1160
OTM
Client
1160
DROP
Chain network
160
Back-to-back
OTM
1
OADM
OADM
80
80
Back-to-back
OTM
160
Ring network
OTMOptical terminal multiplexer

OLAOptical line amplifier
OADMOptical add/drop multiplexer
OEQOptical equalizer
REGRegenerator
Figure 4-1 OptiX BWS 1600G networking diagram
Point-to-point
The point-to-point network, composed of OTM and OLA, is the most prevalent
networking mode adopted by the OptiX BWS 1600G.
Chain
The chain network is frequently used in national DWDM backbone network that is of
high capacity and long distance. A chain network may comprise of OTM, OLA, OADM,
REG and OEQ, and can be regarded as the extension of point-to-point network.
Ring
The ring network is largely used in regional network. It may comprise of OADMs or
back-to-back OTMs depending on the practical situation. In practice, one OADM in the
DWDM ring network may be composed of back-to-back OTMs to eliminate the
accumulated noise caused by the amplifier.

4-2
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
4.1.1 Type I system

The type I system, adopting non return to zero (NRZ) encoding, is applied in
G.652/G.655 optical fiber. Table 4-1 shows its networking capability.
Table 4-1 Networking capability of the type I system (160-channel, NRZ)
Classification
Specification
Typical distance
With FEC
1 28 dB
1 101 km (101 km)
2 24 dB
2 87 km (174 km)
5 20 dB
5 72 km (360 km)
With FEC
1 34 dB
1 120 km (120 km)
With Raman
amplification
5 25 dB
5 90 km (450 km)
8 22 dB
8 80 km (640 km)
The span attenuation is the actual attenuation of fibers, not including the loss of any optical
components.
Note:
In section 4.1 , the span attenuation is the actual attenuation of the fiber, that is, the
difference between the output optical power of local station and input optical power of
the downstream station, not including the attenuation of FIU board.
In section 4.1 , the typical distances in the networking specification are calculated on
condition that the fiber attenuation coefficient is 0.275 dB/km.
The Raman amplifier can suppress OSNR from deteriorating to support more spans,
and to transmit signals longer. With Raman amplification, the type I system supports a
transmission distance of 640 km without a regenerator.
If the type I system uses out-band EFEC, it can support longer transmission without
REG.
4.1.2 Type II system

1. C+L 800G
The C+L 800G system, adopting NRZ encoding, is applied in G.652/G.655 optical fiber.
Table 4-2 shows its networking capability.

4-3
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 4-2 Networking capability of type II system (C+L 80-channel, NRZ)
Classification
Specification
Typical distance
With FEC
1 32 dB
1 116 km (116 km)
Without Raman
amplification
4 25 dB
4 90 km (360 km)
7 22 dB
7 80 km (560 km)
With FEC
7 27 dB
7 100 km (700 km)
With Raman
amplification
18 22 dB
18 80 km (1440 km)
If the system adopts the Raman amplifier, the noise of signals is greatly reduced, thus
realizing long-haul transmission without REG.
The SuperWDM technology (CRZ encoding) can effectively suppress non-linearity in
the system, increase the tolerance to OSNR, to realize over 1000 km transmission
without REG and Raman amplifier. Its networking capability is shown in Table 4-3
Table 4-3 Networking capability of type II system (C+L 80-channel, SuperWDM)
Classification
Specification
Typical distance
With FEC
5 27 dB
5 100km (500 km)
With CRZ
14 22 dB (12 22 dB)
(Note1 )
14 80km (1120 km)
Note 1: The data in bracket is obtained on condition that (an) OEQ being used.
2. C 800G
The C 800G system, adopting NRZ encoding and CRZ encoding (SuperWDM
technology), supports G.652 and G.655 fibers. Table 4-4 shows its networking
capability.
Table 4-4 Networking capability of type II system (C, 80-channel)
Classification
Specification
Typical distance
G.652 (with FEC but

without Raman)
1 32 dB
1 116 km (116 km)
5 25 dB
5 90 km (450 km)
8 22 dB
8 80 km (640 km)
1 36 dB
1 130 km (130 km)
7 25 dB
7 90 km (630 km)
12 22 dB
12 80 km (960 km)
G.652 (with FEC but

without Super CRZ)

4-4
OptiX BWS 1600G TM

Classification
Specification
Typical distance
G.655 (with FEC but

without Raman)
1 30 dB
1 109 km (109 km)
3 25 dB
3 90 km (270 km)
6 22 dB
6 80 km (480 km)
1 32 dB
1 116 km (116 km)
6 25 dB
6 90 km (540 km)
10 22 dB
10 80 km (800 km)
G.655 (with FEC but

without Super CRZ)
4.1.3 Type III system

The type III system, adopting NRZ encoding, is applied in G.652/G.655 optical fiber.
Table 4-5 Networking capability of type III system (40-channel, NRZ)
Classification
Specification
Typical distance
With FEC
1 34 dB
127 km (127 km)
Without Raman
amplification
5 27 dB
5 98 km (490 km)
10 22 dB
10 80 km (800 km)
Table 4-6 shows its networking capability when the system adopts SuperWDM
technology (CRZ encoding) and is applied in G.652 optical fiber.
Table 4-6 Networking capability of type III system (40-channel, SuperWDM)
Classification
Specification
Typical distance
With FEC
10 27 dB
10 98 km (980 km)
Without Raman
25 22 dB
25 80 km (2000 km)
In ultra-long distance transmission, non-flatness of optical power and dispersion will

occur to each channel. If there are more than 12 optical amplification spans, the
system should be equipped with OEQ; if the distance of the fiber in multiplex section
exceeds 1000 km, the system should be equipped with dispersion equalization
equipment.
If the system adopts Raman amplification or EFEC, the system performance is
improved, thus enhancing the transmission capability over single hop.
The specifications listed in Table 4-5 and Table 4-6 show the application of type III in
G.652 and G.655 optical fibers. For G.653, the appropriate wavelength and input
optical power should be selected in C-band to avoid the mixing of four wavelengths.
Table 4-7 shows the application of type III system in G.653 optical fiber.

4-5
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 4-7 Networking capability of type III system (G.653 optical fiber)
Classification
Specification
Typical distance
With FEC
1 32 dB
1 116 km (116 km)
12-wavelength system
3 27 dB
3 98 km (294 km)
6 23 dB
6 83 km (498 km)
With FEC
1 33 dB
1 120 km (120 km)
8-wavelength system
3 28 dB
3 100 km (300 km)
8 20 dB
8 70 km (560 km)
4.1.4 Type IV system

Type IV system, adopting L-band signal, is specially used in G.653 optical fiber.
This system adopts NRZ encoding. And its networking capability is shown in Table
4-8.
Table 4-8 Networking capability of type IV system (40-channel, L band)
Classification
Specification
Typical distance
With FEC
1 30 dB
1 109 km (109 km)
3 25 dB
3 90 km (270 km)
5 22 dB
5 80 km (400 km)
If the system adopts the Raman amplifier, the noise will be greatly reduced, thus
realizing longer transmission without a regenerator.
4.1.5 Type V system

The type V system, adopting NRZ encoding, is applied in G.652/G.655 optical fiber.
Table 4-9 Networking capability of type V system (40-channel, NRZ)
Classification
Specification
Typical distance
With FEC
1 39 dB
1 140 km (140 km)
6 27 dB
6 98 km (588 km)
8 22 dB
8 80 km (640 km)
Type V system can realize transmission of 640 km without using the REG and any
dispersion compensation component. Generally, the type V system does not need
Raman amplification.
4-6
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
4.1.6 Type VI system

The type VI system is a LHP (Long Hop) system, applied in G.652/G.655 optical fiber.
Its networking capability is shown in Table 4-10.
Table 4-10 Networking capability of type VI system (NRZ)
Application
Single wavelength rate: 10 Gbit/s
Single wavelength rate: 2.5 Gbit/s
10-wavelength
40-wavelength
10-wavelength
40-wavelength
OSNR requirement
20 dB
18 dB
20 dB
18 dB
15 dB
15 dB
HBA + FEC
44 dB
47 dB
38 dB
41 dB
51 dB
46 dB
HBA + FEC +
Raman
50 dB
53 dB
43 dB
46 dB
56 dB
49 dB
Classification
Note: The OSNR in the table is the requirement at the point MPI-R.
The LHP system is point-to-point OTM configuration without any optical or electrical
regeneration.
If the SuperWDM is used, the transmission distance can be extended.

4-7
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
4.2 System Functions

4.2.1 Automatic Level Control
In DWDM system, optical fiber aging, optical connector aging or manual factors might
lead to the abnormal attenuation of transmission lines. In case the attenuation on a
line segment increases, all input and output power will be reduced on all downstream
amplifiers. The system OSNR will get worse. At the same time, the received optical
power will also be reduced. Receiving performance will be greatly affected. The closer
the attenuated segment is to the transmission end, the more influence on OSNR there
will be, as shown in Figure 4-2.
If the automatic level control (ALC) function is activated, this effect can be minimized.
As the attenuation on a line segment is increased, the input power on the amplifier will
be reduced. But due to ALC, the output power as well as the input and output powers
of other downstream amplifiers will not be changed. Hence there will be much less
influence on OSNR. The optical power received by the receiver will not be changed.
Figure 4-3 shows the power changes on optical line amplification regenerators in the
gain control and power control modes in case of abnormal attenuation on optical fiber
lines.
High line losses
OAU
OAU
OAU
Normal output
Attenuated output
Attenuated input
Figure 4-2 System power when gain control is activated
High line losses

OAU
OAU
OAU
Normal output
Normal input
Attenuated input
Figure 4-3 System power when ALC is activated
In normal working, two elements might cause the input power change in the optical
amplifier:
The addition/reduction of access channels (multiple channels might be added or

dropped at the same time)
In order not to affect the normal working of other channels, the system should quickly
respond to the change. The system works in the gain control mode.
The abnormal attenuation in the physical media

4-8
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
ALC determine the adjustment of the variable optical attenuator according to the
channel amount and output power. The redundancy design of the system permits the
abnormal line attenuation adjustment. If the attenuation is within the limit, the
adjustment process will take several minutes. It will ensure the normal working of the
system.
ALC is realized through channel amount detection and reference power.
1. Channel Amount Detection
Prerequisite: One MCA needs to be configured on the ALC link.

Realization: The optical amplifier works in AGC mode and realizes ALC function with
MCA. The MCA analyzes the amount of working channels. Based on the amount of
channels and the output power, the optical amplifier determines the working status
and adjusts attenuation to keep the output power stable (the power of a single channel
remains unchanged).
2. Reference Power
Prerequisite: The output optical power of the first node on the ALC link is taken as
reference value.
Realization: The optical amplifier works in AGC mode, by activating the detection of
the output optical power of the optical amplifier at the first node to determine further
actions. Compare the detecting result with the information reported before the ALC
command is trigged. If consistent, deliver the ALC adjustment command formally to
adjust attenuation, thus keeping the output optical power stable (the power of a single
channel remains unchanged).
4.2.2 Intelligent Power Adjustment

The OptiX BWS 1600G system provides the intelligent power adjustment (IPA)
function.
In case the optical power signals on one or more segments of the active optical path
are lost, the system can detect the loss of optical signals on the link and instantly
reduce the optical power of the amplifier to a safety level. It will reduce the optical
power of all amplifiers in the regeneration section of the downstream.
When the optical signals are restored to normal, the optical amplifier will work again.
The loss of optical signals might be caused by fiber cut, equipment deterioration, or
connector disconnections.
Note:
In the DWDM system, the IPA function is started only when optical signals of the active
optical path are lost. When this function is executed, you can monitor optical power
and shut down the lasers on the main path only. No operation will be implemented on
the optical supervisory channel. Hence the functions of all optical supervisory
channels will not be affected.

4-9
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
4.2.3 Automatic Power Equilibrium

The automatic power equilibrium (APE) function can automatically adjust optical
power of each channel at the transmitting end, so as to optimize the OSNR at the
receiving end.
The APE function is implemented by MCA, V40, SC1 and SCC. Their networking is
shown in Figure 4-4.
O
T
U
OAU
V
4
0
M
C
A
SC1
Adjustment station
Monitoring station
Figure 4-4 Networking for APE function
The normal functioning of APE requires the coordination between the optical boards
and the SCC board, and the participation of the user. As shown in Figure 4-4, for
power equilibrium, each channel power at the transmitting end can be adjusted
according to the per channel power measured by the MCA at the receiving end. The
APE brings convenience to DWDM system test in deployment and subsequent
network maintenance. The APE function mode can also be set allowing user to decide
whether to adjust the optical power.
Configuration principle:
APE is optional and configured according to users requirement.
To implement the APE function, it is required that the OTM station at the
transmitting end should be configured with V40, and the OTM station at the
receiving end should be configured with MCA. Moreover, since DWDM is a
dual-fiber bidirectional system, an MCA should be configured at the both ends
of a multiplexing section.
To implement the APE function, it is required to install MCA and OSC unit
(SC1/SC2/TC1/TC2) in one subrack. If not, network port ETHERNET 2 of two
subracks should be interconnected.
To implement the APE function, it is required to install V40 and OSC unit
(SC1/SC2/TC1/TC2) in one subrack. If not, network port ETHERNET 2 of two
subracks should be interconnected.

4-10
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Note:
1. Here we define an adjustment station where optical power is adjusted and a
monitoring station where optical power is measured by the MCA.
2. To start the APE function, the V40 of the adjustment station and one of optical
interfaces of the MCA of the monitoring station should be first configured as an APE
function pair, and enable APE function.
3. There is a dedicated APE protocol byte in the overhead frame of the supervisory
signal, which is used for transmitting APE related information.
4. Since an OADM station may exist between adjustment station and monitoring
station, all the wavelengths detected in monitoring station may not be adjusted by V40
in the adjustment station. As a result, the wavelengths with APE function activated
should be specified by NM.
4.2.4 Clock Transmission

The OptiX BWS 1600G offers a new solution for transmission of synchronous clock.
Its optical supervisory channel provides three clock transmission channels operating
at 2 Mbit/s.
In each network element, upstream clock can be transparently transmitted, or sent to
local BITS clock receiving equipment, or it can work in the combination of both. The
detailed configuration plan should be designed by the network planning engineer
according to the actual requirements and needs. In network design, not only the
DWDM system but also the local digital synchronous clock network shall be taken into
account.
Clock transmission in an OptiX network is explained in the following example and
Figure 4-5.
Terminal-A is transmitting the clock. Along the East channel, optical amplifier-1 passes
the clocks (CLK) channel transparently, i.e. no clock is added or dropped, while optical
amplifier-2 can add or drop one CLK channel to/from the main path. Terminal-B
terminates the East CLK.
Similarly, Terminal-B is transmitting the CLK on West channel. Where at amplifier-2
the CLK signal channel is dropped locally and meanwhile passed transparently to the
down stream. Optical amplifier-1 can add and drop the one CLK channel to/from the
main path. Finally the CLK is terminated at Terminal-A.

4-11
OptiX BWS 1600G TM

CLK
CLK
Optical
amplifier-1
Optical
amplifier-2
CLK
West
Terminal-A
East
CLK
West
CLK
Terminal-B
East
CLK
CLK
Figure 4-5 Schematic diagram of clock transmission
In the OptiX BWS 1600G system, clock transmission can be set to protection mode or
non-protection mode. In clock protection mode, two carrier wavelengths are used,
with 1510 nm for normal channel and 1625 nm for protected channel.
A summary of clock transmission is given below.
In the case that there is no clock being added/dropped at intermediate station,

the system supports 3-channel clock transmission at East and West directions
respectively, no matter in clock protection mode or clock non-protection mode.
In the case that there is clock being added/dropped at intermediate station, the
intermediate station supports at most 3 clock channels in clock non-protection
mode. The 3 clock channels may come from both East and West directions.
In the case that there is clock being added/dropped at intermediate station, the
intermediate station supports at most 3 clock channels in clock non-protection
mode. The 3 clock channels must come from one direction (East or West).
4.2.5 Optical Fiber Line Automatic Monitoring

The OptiX BWS 1600G provides the OAMS (Optical fiber line Automatic Monitoring
System) to alert fiber aging, fiber alarm, and locate the fault. The OAMS realizes the
monitoring on the fiber link.
As an embedded system, OAMS is optional depending on the requirement of users.
1. Monitor and Test
OAMS provides two monitoring modes
On-line (light fiber) monitoring: To monitor and test a working optical fiber (cable). In
this case, the wavelength of test signal is 1310 nm.
Standby fiber (dark fiber) monitoring: To monitor and test a standby optical fiber (cable).
In this case, the wavelength of test signal is 1550 nm.
OAMS provides two test modes
Unidirectional test: To monitor and test a span with unidirectional test signal.
In this case, two adjacent spans share an independent remote test unit (RTU), so the
RTU number is greatly reduced and OAMS cost decreases accordingly.

4-12
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
DWDM node
DWDM node
DWDM node
DWDM node
OAMS
RTU
RTU
Service signal
Test signal
DWDM node
RTU: Remote Test Unit
Figure 4-6 Unidirectional test diagram
Due to the limitation of dynamic test range of the built-in optical time domain
reflectometer (OTDR), the unidirectional test fails when measuring a long span of
much attenuation. Here the monitoring and test can be implemented from both ends
of the span by two OTDR modules.
Bidirectional test: To monitor and test a span with bidirectional test signals.
DWDM node
DWDM node
RTU
RTU
DWDM node
RTU
DWDM node
DWDM node
RTU
RTU
OAMS
Test signal
Service signal
RTU: Remote test unit
Figure 4-7 Bidirectional test diagram
In the bidirectional test, configure a RTU module at each end of a span, and the two
RTUs will report their test results to NM for combination, and then the performance
parameter of this span will be obtained by analyzing and processing the test results.
2. System Architecture
The OAMS structure of online monitoring differs with that of standby fiber monitoring.
Online monitoring
The RTU shown in Figure 4-6 and Figure 4-7 consists of three boards and their
functions are listed in Table 4-11.

4-13
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 4-11 Introduction of boards in embedded OAMS
Board
Name
Function
FMU
Fiber Measure Unit Board
It is the core of OAMS to implement the time-domain

reflection measurement of fibers. It can measure four lines of
fibers.
MWA
Measure Wavelength Access

Board
In online monitoring, it is used to multiplex the service signal

of DWDM system with the test signal.
MWF
Measure Wavelength Filter

Board
In online monitoring, it is used to filter the wavelength of test

signals, to eliminate the effect to the transmission system.
The board is used only when the service signal and the test
signal are in the same direction.
The embedded OAMS system comprises of FMU, MWA and MWF, as shown in
Figure 4-8.
DWDM
DWDM
MWF
DWDM
MWA
OAMS
MWF
FMU
Figure 4-8 Embedded OAMS architecture (online monitoring)
In the Figure 4-8, the DWDM node can be OTM, OLA, OADM, OEQ or REG. The
OTDR module in FMU emits the optical test pulse, and receives, collects, processes
and reports the reflection signal, thus monitoring the running status of the fiber in real
time. FMU can monitor at most four lines of optical fibers.
The coupler on MWA multiplexes the service signal and test signal in one fiber for
transmission. When the test signal and service signal are transmitted in the same
direction, the filter on MWF can filter the test signal at the receiving node to eliminate
the effect to the system.
The structure and configuration of OAMS vary with network specifications. The figure
here only shows the OAMS of unidirectional test.
Standby fiber monitoring
Compared with online monitoring, standby fiber monitoring is easier to be

implemented, that is, directly access the test wavelength (1550 nm) into the standby
fiber for test, as shown in Figure 4-9.

4-14
OptiX BWS 1600G TM

DWDM node
DWDM node
DWDM node
F
M
U
Standby
fiber
Standby
fiber
Figure 4-9 Embedded OAMS architecture (standby fiber monitoring)
The performance monitoring and test to the standby fiber can be achieved by using
FMU board, NE software and NM. The structure and configuration of OAMS vary with
network specifications. Figure 4-9 only shows the OAMS of unidirectional test.
3. Configuration Plan
The Raman amplification and optical fiber attenuation will affect the embedded OAMS
to some extent, Table 4-12 lists the OAMS applications with and without Raman
amplification.
Table 4-12 Applications of embedded OAMS
System type
Fiber attenuation
Supported monitoring
With Raman
amplification
--
Without Raman
amplification
45 dB
Standby fiber monitoring and online

monitoring
>45 dB
Standby fiber monitoring (Note)
Note: The 1310nm test signal is of great attenuation in fiber, resulting in limited monitoring distance,
so the spans more than 45dB are only provided with standby fiber monitoring.
Table 4-13 lists the configuration of OAMS in various system specifications of the
OptiX BWS 1600G under different monitoring modes.

4-15
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 4-13 OAMS configuration specification
Monitoring
mode
System
specification
Span
attenuation
(dB)
Monitoring
signal
wavelength
(nm)
OTDR
dynamic
test range
(dB)
Optical
fiber
lengthNote
1 (km)
Test mode
Online
monitoring
Long
distance
transmission
22
1310
42
80
Unidirectional
test
28
42
100
Time-shared
bidirectional
test
33
42
120
Time-shared
bidirectional
test
LHP
3845
42
138163
Time-shared
bidirectional
test
Long
distance
transmission
22
40
80
Unidirectional
test
28
40
100
Unidirectional
test
33
40
120
Time-shared
bidirectional
test
3845
40
138163
Time-shared
bidirectional
test
4556
40
163200
Time-shared
bidirectional
test
Standby fiber
monitoring
LHP
1550
Note: The optical fiber length is calculated on condition that the attenuation coefficient is 0.275 dB/km.
4. System Function
On-line monitoring of optical power of fiber link
Query the input and output optical power of the optical fiber link between nodes, that is,
the output optical power of one station and the input optical power of the next station.
Obtain the attenuation over the link between two adjacent nodes through the NM and
compare the result with the pre-set data. Take the difference of the optical power as
the trigger to enable the test. When the difference exceeds the pre-set value or the
threshold set by the user through NM, the OAMS will be enabled to test the
performance of optical fiber link.
Multiple test modes
The system provides two ways to test fibers according to the priority.
4-16
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
On-demand test: Generate through NM manually, select and control a RTU to test a
certain fiber in the monitored optical fiber line.
Periodical test: Conventional test, namely the test is started upon the previously
arranged conditions are satisfied. The equipment will report the result as an event to
NM after the test.
The test requirement of higher priority can stop that of lower priority to start a new test
queue.
Analysis of test events
Besides the test function, the OAMS system also provides analysis of the test result
and then reports the corresponding test curve and event list to NM.
Fiber alarm
The equipment reports alarms depending on the analysis of the test curve. The alarms
fall into three levels.
Critical alarm: Burst of event over 5 dB, including fiber break. The terminal shows red
and gives audible and visible prompt.
Major alarm: The difference between the attenuation of the whole path and the
acceptance value (or original data) is no less than 3 dB; or the attenuation increase
event (new or not) is no less than 2 dB. The terminal shows pink and gives visible
prompt.
Minor alarm: The difference between the attenuation of the whole path and the
acceptance value (or original data) is no less than 1 dB, while less than 3 dB; or the
attenuation increase event (new or not) is no less than 1 dB. This alarm will be report
to NM and recorded as an exception for future query, but will not give prompt.
Note:
Event: The event in OAMS refers to the physical circumstances showing the status of
the optical fiber line during OTDR test. It comprises reflection event and non-reflection
event. The fiber reflection events include connector, mechanical connection point and
optical fiber end, and so on. While the non-reflection events include optical fiber fusion
point, fiber break, bending or macrobend.

4-17
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
5 Protection
Protection
5.1 Power protection

5.1.1 DC Input Protection
The power supply system supports two 48 V/60 V DC power inputs for mutual
protection. Therefore, the equipment keeps running normally in case either of the two
DC inputs is faulty.
5.1.2 Secondary Power Protection

Important boards adopt two power modules for 1+1 power hot backup, to avoid
system breakdown by damage of one power module.
5.1.3 Centralized Power Protection for OTUs

The system uses power backup unit (PBU) to provide centralized power protection for
the secondary power of all OTUs on each subrack, including:
+3.3 V power supply of the OTU
+5 V power supply of the OTU
5.2 V power supply of the OTU
When detecting the secondary power of the OTU fails (under-voltage), the system
switches to the PBU for power supply in 600s. The PBU can supply power for two
OTUs simultaneously.
The PBU is inserted in slot 1, providing power backup for all OTUs in the subrack, as
5-1
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
5 Protection
Secondary power backup
P
B
U
O O O O O
T T T T T
U U U U U
S
C
E
O
T
U
O O
T T
U U
O
T
U
O O
T T
U U
Figure 5-1 Centralized power protection for OTUs
Currently, the OTUs supporting PBU centralized protection include LWF, LWFS, LRF,
LRFS, OCU, OCUS, TMX, TMXS, LWS, LBE, LBES, TMR, TMRS, LDG, LWC, LWC1,
TRC1, AP4, EC8 and TRC.
5-2
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
5 Protection
5.2 Service Protection

5.2.1 1+1 Line Protection
The OptiX BWS 1600G also provides protection to the lines at the optical layer
through the dual-fed signal selection function of the OLP. The protection mechanism is
Station A
Working path
O
T
M
Station C
Station B
O
L
P
O
L
P
Protected path
O
L
A
or
O
A
D
M
Working path
O
L
P
O
L
P
O
T
M
Protectected path
Figure 5-2 1+1 line protection
As shown in the Figure 5-2, two optical fibers in one optical cable are used as a
bidirectional working path, and other two optical fibers from the second optical cable
are used as the protected path. Normally, the working path carries information traffic.
In case of any abnormality in the working path, for example, the working optical cable
is broken or the performance becomes deteriorated, the traffic will automatically
switch to the protected path through the OLP. Moreover, the protection path is
monitored in real-time. When any problem occurs to the protected path, the
equipment can detect the fault and handle it in time.
Therefore, the DWDM equipment protects the transmission line on the optical layer
level, with the help of OLP.
5.2.2 Optical Channel Protection

1. 1+1 Optical Channel Protection
In ring network, each wavelength can adopt optical channel protection, as shown in
Figure 5-3.
5-3
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
5 Protection
Nomal
Protection
Working wavelength
Protection wavelength
Fiber cut
Figure 5-3 Schematic diagram of optical channel protection
The advantages of optical channel protection are fast switching and no need for
protection switching protocol.
Intra-OTU 1+1 optical channel protection
Some OTUs like LWM, LWX, LDG, LQS, LGS, AP4 and EC8 have such a function
called dual-fed signal selection, which could realize the optical channel protection, as
At the client side, optical signals are accessed by the OTU boards, then these signals
are reshaped, regenerated, retimed, and sent to the working channel and protection
channel through a splitter. At the receiving end, another OTU will receive the signals
from both the working channel and the protection channel. The channel of signals with
better quality is further processed and sent to the client side.
The advantage of this protection scheme is low cost. The disadvantage is that if the
OTU itself is damaged, no protection will be provided.
Working
channel
Proction
channel
OTU (dual-fed
signal selection)
Client-side
equipment
Figure 5-4 Intra-OTU 1+1 optical channel protection
5-4
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
5 Protection
Inter-OTU 1+1 optical channel protection
For the protected wavelength, the SCS board at the transmitting end divides the
incoming client side services into two channels, and sends them to the working OTU
and protection OTU. Another SCS board at the receiving end combines the services
from the working OTU and the protection OTU, and sends them to the client side.
Figure 5-5 shows the mechanism.
n
n
East
West
West/Backup
OTU
n
n
East/Primary
OTU
SCS
Add
Drop
Figure 5-5 Inter-OTU 1+1 optical channel protection
In normal condition, the services in the working channel will be received and further
processed, while the services in the protection channel will be terminated. That is,
optical signals are output from the working channel at the receiving end and the client
side optical transmitter of the protection channel is shut down.
If LOS alarm is detected in the working channel, the services in the protection channel
will be received and processed while the services in the working channel will be
terminated. That is, optical signals are output from the protection channel and the
client-side optical transmitter at the receiving end is shut down.
You can select protection or non-protection for every service channel. If selecting
protection, the number of OTU boards should be doubled and a certain number of
SCS boards are required. Refer to OptiX BWS 1600G Backbone DWDM Optical
Transmission Hardware Description Manual for detailed description of SCS
This optical channel protection is usually used in ring networking.
Note:
To realize 1+1 optical channel protection, it is required to set channel protection pair
on the NM.
Client-side optical channel protection
Client-side protection is only applicable to OTUs with convergence function, such as

TMX, LDG, LQS, AP4 and EC8.
5-5
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
5 Protection
The SCS can split or couple two optical signals. As shown in Figure 5-6, after
receiving two client optical signals, the SCS splits each signal into two channels and
then sends them to the working and protection OTUs, respectively. After convergence
and wavelength conversion, the signals are sent to the line for transmission.
When a channel of client signal received by working OTU is faulty, only this channel of
signal is switched. No switching is performed at WDM side. That is, the working OTU
in the opposite end will shut down the client-side transmitting laser corresponding to
this failed channel, and the protection OTU in the opposite end will turn on the
corresponding client-side transmitting laser. Other normal signals are still transmitted
through the working OTU.
The client-side protection can be seen as a subset of 1+1 OTU inter-board protection.
When protection switching occurs, only part of client-side services is switched to the
protection OTU, no need for switching all services.
Protection
OTU
Working
OTU
SCS
Client-side
equipment
Client-side
equipment
Figure 5-6 Client-side optical channel protection
2. 1:N (N8) OTU Protection
Important services can be protected by backing up the OTU board, as shown in Figure
5-7.
5-6
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
5 Protection
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
O
C
P
M
4
0
D
4
0
Protection channel
OTU
Working channels
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
OTU
Protection channel
9
O
C
P
8 output channels
8 input channels
Working channels
OTU
Figure 5-7 Schematic diagram of 1:N (N8) OTU protection
As shown in Figure 5-7, wavelengths 1 to 8 are used as working channels while

wavelength 9 is used as the protection channel. During normal working, the
protection wavelength carries no service. When any OTU with working wavelength 1
8 becomes faulty, the service of the faulty OTU is switched to the standby OTU.
That is to say, the traffic will shift to 9 through the optical switch at the transmitting end,
and is further sent to the protected client equipment. If multiple OTUs are faulty, the
system will protect the service with the highest priority level.
The advantage is that one dedicated OTU protects the service of N (N8) working
OTU boards and switches the service at both the transmitting and receiving ends. The
APS protocol is used for service switching. Stable switching mechanism ensures high
system performance and saves your investment.
Note:
1. N (N8) working OTU boards and one standby OTU form one protection group. But
in such a protection group, each OTU and the OCP board must be plugged in the
same subrack.
2. To realize 1:N (N8) OTU protection, it is required to set protection pair on the NM.
Currently, the OTUs supporting 1:N (N8) OTU protection include:
LWF/LWFS
LWS
LWC1
The 1:8 OTU protection is applied in any networking structure.
5-7
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
5 Protection
5.3 Clock Protection

The clock is the heartbeat of any transmission equipment. For smooth system running,
OptiX BWS 1600G system provides equipment/network level protection for the clock
channel. The system supports two different clock protection modes: one is dual-fed
and dual-receiving, and the other is dual-fed signal selection.
In the first protection mode, clock selection is performed by customer external BITS
system. The protection is shown in Figure 5-8.
Clock
TC
Working channel
1510 nm
Working channel
1510 nm
To
BITS
FIU
FIU
TC
TC
1625 nm
Protection channel
1625 nm
Protection channel
TC
Figure 5-8 Schematic diagram of clock channel protection (dual-fed and dual-receiving)
In the second mode, clock selection is made inside the equipment and single-channel
clock is output, as shown in Figure 5-9.
Working channel
1510 nm
Working channel
1510 nm
Clock
TC
TC
FIU
FIU
TC
TC
Clock Output
1625 nm
Protection channel
1625 nm
Protection channel
Figure 5-9 Schematic diagram of clock channel protection (dual-fed signal selection)
TC1 (unidirectional optical supervisory channel and timing transporting unit) is used in
the OTM and supports three input/output clocks locally.
TC2 (bidirectional optical supervisory channel and timing transporting unit) supports
three clocks output locally and three clocks input to the system. It is used in the OLA,
OADM and REG.
To provide 1+1 clock redundancy, two TC1 or TC2 boards are used, working at 1510
nm (active) and 1625 nm (standby). To provide redundancy, two TC boards must be
plugged in slot 6 and slot 8 on the subrack at the same time (the board in slot 8 is the
backup for the board in slot 6). When only one TC board is being used, the clock
protection function cannot be activated.
The transmission of up to 3 clocks in west direction and 3 clocks in east direction is
supported.
5-8
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
5 Protection
The clock transmission protection mechanism of the OptiX BWS 1600G system is
discussed below:
(1) The intermediate station does not add/drop clock signals
If there is no intermediate site in bidirectional configuration, the transmission of 3 clock
signals in both directions can be supported. As shown in Figure 5-10, the networking
is the same as the point-to-point clock transmission system.
OTM
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
OTM
1510 nm
T
C
1
1510 nm
T
C
1
1625 nm
T4
T5
T6
T
C
1
1625 nm
T
C
1
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T1
T2
T3
Electrical clock signals from/to the back plane

Clock signals transmitted over optical fiber
Figure 5-10 Configuration of the system with clock protection function but without add/drop of clock
signals at intermediate station
(2) The intermediate station adds/drops clock signals

If there are clock signals added/dropped in the intermediate stations, the system only
supports the transmission of three clocks in one direction. Figure 5-11 shows the clock
signal configuration at the intermediate station. Figure 5-12 shows the clock signal
configuration at the terminal station. The terminal station only supports the
transmission of up to three clocks in one direction.
5-9
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
5 Protection
T4 T5T6 A B C
1510 nm
T1
T2
T3
1510 nm
T
C
2
1510 nm
1625 nm
T1
T2
T3
1510 nm
T
C
2
1625 nm
D
E
F
1510 nm
1625 nm
D
E
F
1625 nm
A B C
Optical signal without clock
Electrical clock signal from/to backplane
Figure 5-11 Configuration of the intermediate station with clock protection function and with the add/drop
of clock signals
OTM
T1
T2
T3
OTM
T
C
1
T
C
1
1510 nm
1625 nm
T
C
1
T1
T2
T3
T
C
1
T1
T2
T3
Electrical clock signals from/to the back plane

Figure 5-12 Configuration of the intermediate station with clock protection function and with the add/drop
of clock signals
The clock is protected only from one direction, that is, either from east direction or from
west direction. Clock protection is enabled from NM.
5-10
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
5 Protection
Note:
1. The clock protection switching takes one channel of clock as the switching unit.
2. To realize the clock protection function of the network clock, it is required to set the
clock protection group on the NM.
5.4 Network Management Channel

5.4.1 Protection of Network Management Information Channel
In DWDM systems, network management information is transmitted over an optical
supervisory channel, which shares the same physical channel with the main path. It is
obvious that, any abnormality or failure in main path will affect the supervisory channel
as well. Therefore, a backup supervisory channel must be provided.
In ring network, when fiber cut occurs in a certain direction, network management
information is automatically switched to the optical supervisory channel in the other
direction of the ring, as shown in Figure 5-13. So the management of the whole
network is not affected.
NE B
NE A
Normal supervisory channel
NM
Management information
GNE
NE C
NE D
Optical fiber
Network cable
Figure 5-13 Network management protection in ring network (a certain section fails)
However, when the problem occurs in both directions, or a certain section in

point-to-point and chain networks fails, the network management channel will fail.
Consequently, the network management administrators cannot get the supervisory
information of failed station and operate the station. To avoid such circumstance,
network management information should be transmitted through the backup channel.
The OptiX BWS 1600G provides backup network management channel through data
communication network (DCN).
To set up backup network management channel, access the DCN between the two
5-11
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
5 Protection
NEs to be protected through routers. When the network is normal, network

management information is transmitted over the normal supervisory channel, as
NE
GNE
NM
DCN
Network cable
Router
Backup supervisory channel
Router
Optical fiber
Figure 5-14 Network management through the supervisory channel
Upon the failure of the normal supervisory channel, network elements automatically
switch the management information to the backup supervisory channel to guarantee
the supervisory and operation on the entire network, as illustrated in Figure 5-15.
GNE
NE
NM
DCN
Network cable
Router
Backup supervisory channel
Router
Optical fiber
Figure 5-15 Network management through the backup supervisory channel
It is important to select different routes for the backup supervisory channel and normal
channel during network planning. Otherwise the backup function will not take
effective.
5.4.2 Interconnection of Network Management Channel

The OptiX BWS 1600G provides various data interfaces (for example RS-232 and
Ethernet interface) for the interconnection of network management channels among
different DWDM networks, or between DWDM and SDH networks, as shown in Figure
5-16. This implements unified network management for different transmission
equipments.
5-12
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
5 Protection
Network
management
center
ADM
SDH
network
ADM
Network
management
channel
ADM
ADM
Network
management
channel
A
B
DWDM
network
C
ADM
Network
management
channel
ADM
SDH
network
ADM
ADM
ADM
Figure 5-16 Supervision over OptiX transmission network
5-13
ADM
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Technical Parameters
6.1 Optical Interfaces

Client end optical interfaces comply with ITU-T Recommendations G.957 and G.691.
STM64 optical interface: I64.2, S64.2b
STM16 optical interface: I16, S16.1, L16.2
GE: 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE-LX
ESCON: ANSI X3.230, X3.296
Laser security: In compliance with ITU-T Recommendation G.958, supports ALS
(Automatic Laser Shutdown) function.
Fiber connector: LC/PC, FC/PC, E2000/APC.
6.2 Power Supply

Input voltage:
38.4 V to 57.6 V DC or
48.0 V to 72.0 V DC
6-1
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.3 Parameters of Mechanical Structure

Table 6-1 Parameters of cabinet & subrack
Cabinet
Height (mm)
Width (mm)
Depth (mm)
Weight (kg)
Type 1
2200
600
300
69
Type 2
2600
600
300
78
625
495
291
18 (Note 1)
Subrack
Note 1: Weight of empty subrack, without boards and fan box.
6.4 Nominal Power Consumption, Weight and Slots of Boards

Table 6-1 lists the nominal power consumption, weight, and slots of various boards of
the OptiX BWS 1600G system. The power consumption value in the list is the power
consumption of boards working normally in normal temperature (25C) and high
temperature (55C).
Table 6-1 Power consumption, weight and slots of boards
Board
Power consumption (W)
Weight
(kg)
Number of
slots
Normal
temperature
High temperature
50 GHz
45.5
110% of power
consumption at normal
temperature
1.55
100 GHz
38
110% of power
temperature
1.55
51
110% of power
temperature
1.55
50 GHz
32
110% of power
temperature
1.25
100 GHz
24
110% of power
temperature
1.25
LRFS
37
110% of power
temperature
1.25
LWS
52
110% of power
temperature
1.76
LWF
LWFS
LRF
6-2
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Board
Weight
(kg)
Number of
slots
Normal
temperature
High temperature
38
110% of power
temperature
1.46
50 GHz
60.5
110% of power
temperature
2.1
100 GHz
53
110% of power
temperature
2.1
OCUS
66
110% of power
temperature
2.1
TMX
38.8
110% of power
temperature
2.1
TMXS
42
110% of power
temperature
2.1
LBE
44.3
110% of power
temperature
1.2
LBES
48
110% of power
temperature
1.2
TMR
35
110% of power
temperature
1.2
TMRS
40
110% of power
temperature
1.2
LDG
35
110% of power
temperature
1.1
LQS
30
110% of power
temperature
1.2
LGS
35
110% of power
temperature
1.2
LRS
OCU
6-3
OptiX BWS 1600G TM

Board
Weight
(kg)
Number of
slots
Normal
temperature
High temperature
AP4
46
110% of power
temperature
1.2
EC8
35
110% of power
temperature
1.2
TWC
20
110% of power
temperature
0.94
LWM
21
110% of power
temperature
1.1
LWX
12
110% of power
temperature
1.0
LWC
21.4
110% of power
temperature
1.1
LWC1
21.4
110% of power
temperature
1.1
TRC
21
110% of power
temperature
1.0
TRC1
21
110% of power
temperature
1.0
TRF
23
110% of power
temperature
1.2
M40
20
110% of power
temperature
1.6
V40
46
110% of power
temperature
2.2
D40
20
110% of power
temperature
1.6
6-4
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Board
Weight
(kg)
Number of
slots
Normal
temperature
High temperature
MB2
110% of power
temperature
1.05
MR2
110% of power
temperature
1.05
ITL
30
110% of power
temperature
2.0
FIU-I
4.28
110% of power
temperature
0.85
FIU-II
4.28
110% of power
temperature
0.85
FIU-III
4.28
110% of power
temperature
0.85
FIU-IV
4.28
110% of power
temperature
0.85
OAU-C
30
50
2.4
OAU-L
42
70
2.4
OBU-C
23
30
2.15
OBU-L
35
50
2.15
OPU
20
110% of power
temperature
2.0
WBA05/WBA06
20
110% of power
temperature
1.2
HBA
65
110% of power
temperature
2.6
RPC
70
110% of power
temperature
4.2
FIU
OAU
6-5
OptiX BWS 1600G TM

Board
Weight
(kg)
Number of
slots
Normal
temperature
High temperature
RPL
25
110% of power
temperature
1.5
RPA
90
110% of power
temperature
4.25
SC1
4.0
110% of power
temperature
0.85
SC2
7.0
110% of power
temperature
1.0
TC1
8.5
110% of power
temperature
0.86
TC2
11.5
110% of power
temperature
1.05
SCC
10.5
110% of power
temperature
0.75
SCE
10.4
110% of power
temperature
0.7
FMU
25
110% of power
temperature
2.5
MWF
110% of power
temperature
0.8
MWA
110% of power
temperature
0.8
OCP
110% of power
temperature
1.7
OLP
110% of power
temperature
0.8
6-6
OptiX BWS 1600G TM

Board
Weight
(kg)
Number of
slots
Normal
temperature
High temperature
SCS
4.28
110% of power
temperature
0.7
PBU
145
110% of power
temperature
1.0
MCA8/MCA4
110% of power
temperature
1.7
DGE
20
110% of power
temperature
2.35
DSE
4.28
110% of power
temperature
0.85
GFU
4.28
110% of power
temperature
0.85
VA4
10
110% of power
temperature
1.5
VOA
6.5
110% of power
temperature
0.75
6-7
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.5 Environment Specifications

The OptiX BWS 1600G can work normally for a long time in the following
environment conditions.
Table 6-2 Environment specifications
Item
Parameter
Altitude
4000 m
Air pressure
70106 kPa
Temperature
0C40C
Relative Humidity
10%90%
Antiseismic performance
Standing earthquake of Richter scale 79
6.6 Main Optical Path

The following is a typical DWDM network diagram. Understand it carefully, because
in the following sections we will use the reference points in Figure 6-1.
Tx1
Tx2
Txn
S1
RM1
S2
RM2
Sn RMn
M MPI-S
U
X
R'
OA
S'
SD1
D
MPI-R M S D2
U
X S Dn
R1
R2
Rn
Rx 1
Rx 2
Rx n
OSC
Figure 6-1 Typical DWDM network diagram
Optical Interface characteristic at points MPI-S or S' and MPI-R or R' as well as the
main optical path parameters are shown in the following tables. In this section, the
span specifications are provided when FEC technology is adopted and the Raman
technology is not used.
6-8
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.6.1 Type I System

Table 6-3 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-I system (G.652/G.655 fiber)
Item
Unit
Performance Parameter
Span of line
5 20 dB
2 24 dB
1 28 dB
Number of channels
160
160
160
Maximum bit rate of channel
STM64
STM64
STM64
Optical interface at points MPI-S and S

Channel output power
(output end of amplifiers)
Average
dBm
+1.0
+1.0
+1.0
Maximum
dBm
+3.0
+3.0
+3.0
Minimum
dBm
3.0
3.0
1.0
Maximum total output power
dBm
+20.0
+20.0
+20.0
Maximum output loss at points S and S (FIU insertion

loss)
dB
+1.5
+1.5
+1.5
Channel signal-to-noise ratio at point MPI-S
dB
>30
>30
>30
Maximum channel power difference at point MPI-S
dB
Maximum optical path penalty
dB
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
7500
3600
2100
Maximum discrete reflectance
dB
27
27
27
Maximum differential group delay (DGD)
ps
15
15
15
Average
dBm
22
26
30
Maximum
dBm
18
22
27
Minimum
dBm
26
30
33
Maximum total input power (input end of amplifier)
dBm
11
Minimum channel optical signal-to-noise ratio at point

MPI-R
dB
20
20
20
Maximum channel power difference at point MPI-R
dB
Input loss at points MPI-R and R (FIU insertion loss)
dB
1.5
1.5
1.5
Optical path (MPI-S - MPI-R)
Optical interface at points MPI-R and R

Channel input power
(input end of amplifier)
6-9
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.6.2 Type II System

Table 6-4 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-II system (C+L, G.652/G.655 fiber)
Item
Unit
Performance Parameter
Span of line
7 22 dB
4 25 dB
1 32 dB
Number of channels
80
80
80
STM64
STM64
STM64

Channel output power (output
end of amplifier)
Average
dBm
+4.0
+4.0
+4.0
Maximum
dBm
+7.0
+7.0
+6.0
Minimum
dBm
+1.0
+1.0
+2.0
dBm
+20.0
+20.0
+20.0
Maximum output loss at points S and S (FIU

insertion loss)
dB
+1.5
+1.5
+1.5
dB
>30
>30
>30
Maximum channel power difference at point

MPI-S
dB
dB
Maximum dispersion
ps/n
m
11200
7600
2400
dB
27
27
27
ps
15
15
15
Average
dBm
21
24
31
Maximum
dBm
17
20
28
Minimum
dBm
25
28
34
Maximum total input power (input end of

amplifier)
dBm
15
Minimum channel optical signal-to-noise ratio

at point MPI-R
dB
20
20
20

MPI-R
dB
Input loss at points MPI-R and R (FIU

insertion loss)
dB
1.5
1.5
1.5
Optical path (MPI-S MPI-R)

Channel input power (input end
of amplifier)
6-10
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 6-5 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-II ELH transmission system (C+L,
G.652/G.655 fiber)
Item
Unit
Performance parameter
Span of line
14 22 dB
5 27 dB
Number of channels
80
80
STM64
STM64

Channel output power
(output end of
amplifier)
Average
dBm
+4.0
+4.0
Maximum
dBm
+7.0
+7.0
Minimum
dBm
+1.0
+1.0
dBm
+20.0
+20.0
Maximum output loss at points S and S (FIU insertion

loss)
dB
+1.5
+1.5
dB
>30
>30
Maximum channel power difference at point MPI-S
dB
dB
Maximum dispersion
ps/n
m
22400
10000
dB
27
27
ps
15
15
Average
dBm
21
26
Maximum
dBm
17
22
Minimum
dBm
25
30
Maximum total input power (input end of amplifier)
dBm
11
Minimum channel optical signal-to-noise ratio at point

MPI-R
dB
17
17
Maximum channel power difference at point MPI-R
dB
Input loss at points MPI-R and R (FIU insertion loss)
dB
1.5
1.5
Optical path (MPI - S - MPI - R)
Optical interface at points MPI-R AND R

Channel input power
The parameters in Table 6-5 are provided when SuperWDM technology is adopted.
6-11
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Item
Unit
Span of line
NRZ
8 22 dB
5 25 dB
1 32 dB
CRZ
12 22 dB
7 25 dB
1 36 dB
Number of channels
80
80
80
STM64
STM64
STM64

Channel output
power (output
end of amplifier)
Average
dBm
+4
+4
+4
Maximum
dBm
+8
+7
+6
Minimum
dBm
+1
+2
dBm
23
23
23
Maximum output loss at points

S and S (FIU insertion loss)
dB
1.5
1.5
1.5
Channel signal-to-noise ratio at

point MPI-S
dB
>30
>30
>30
Maximum channel power

difference at point MPI-S
dB
dB
1.5
1.5
1.5
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
12800 (NRZ)
9500 (NRZ)
2400 (NRZ)
19200 (CRZ)
13300 (CRZ)
2800 (CRZ)
dB
27
27
27
Maximum differential group

delay (DGD)
ps
15
15
15
21
24
31Note 1 (NRZ)

Channel input
power (input
end of amplifier)
Average
dBm
35 Note 2 (CRZ)
Maximum
dBm
17
20
28 (NRZ)
34 (CRZ)
Minimum
dBm
25
28
32 (NRZ)
38 (CRZ)
6-12
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Item
Unit
Maximum total input power

dBm
Minimum channel optical

signal-to-noise ratio at point
MPI-R
dB

difference at point MPI-R
Input loss at points MPI-R and
R (FIU insertion loss)
12 (NRZ)
16 (CRZ)
20 (NRZ)
20 (NRZ)
20 (NRZ)
17 (CRZ)
17 (CRZ))
17 (CRZ)
dB
dB
1.5
1.5
1.5
Note 1: The working wavelength number should not less than 2.

6-13
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Item
Unit
Span of line
NRZ
8 22 dB
3 25 dB
1 30 dB
CRZ
10 22 dB
6 25 dB
1 32 dB
Number of channels
80
80
80
STM64
STM64
STM64

Channel output
power (output
end of amplifier)
Average
dBm
+1
+1
+1
Maximum
dBm
+5
+4
+3
Minimum
dBm
dBm
20
20
20
Maximum output loss at points

S and S (FIU insertion loss)
dB
1.5
1.5
1.5
Channel signal-to-noise ratio at

point MPI-S
dB
>30
>30
>30

difference at point MPI-S
dB
dB
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
2880 (NRZ)
1710 (NRZ)
660 (NRZ)
4800 (CRZ)
3420 (CRZ)
720 (CRZ)
dB
27
27
27
Maximum differential group

delay (DGD)
ps
15
15
15
24
27
32 Note 1 (NRZ)

Channel input
power (input
end of amplifier)
Average
dBm
34 Note 2 (CRZ)
Maximum
dBm
20
24
29 (NRZ)
35 (CRZ)
Minimum
dBm
28
30
31 (NRZ)
37 (CRZ)
Channel input power (input end

of amplifier)
dBm
13 (NRZ)
15 (CRZ)
6-14
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Item
Unit
Minimum channel optical

signal-to-noise ratio at point
MPI-R
dB
20 (NRZ)
20 (NRZ)
20 (NRZ)
17 (CRZ)
17 (CRZ))
17 (CRZ)

difference at point MPI-R
dB
Input loss at points MPI-R and

R (FIU insertion loss)
dB
1.5
1.5
1.5

6-15
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.6.3 Type III System

Table 6-8 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-III system (G.652/G.655 fiber)
Item
Unit
Span of line
10 22 dB
5 27 dB
1 34 dB
Number of channels
40
40
40
STM64
STM64
STM64

end of amplifier)
Average
dBm
+4.0
+4.0
+4.0
Maximum
dBm
+7.0
+7.0
+6.0
Minimum
dBm
+1.0
+1.0
+2.0
dBm
+20.0
+20.0
+20.0

insertion loss)
dB
+1
+1
+1
dB
>30
>30
>30
maximum channel power difference at point

MPI-S
dB
dB
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
16000
10000
2500
dB
27
27
27
ps
15
15
15
Average
dBm
20
25
32
Maximum
dBm
16
21
29
Minimum
dBm
24
29
35

amplifier)
dBm
16

at point MPI-R
dB
20
20
20

MPI-R
dB
Input loss at points MPI-R and R (FIU insertion

loss)
dB

Channel input power (input end of
amplifier)
6-16
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 6-9 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-III ELH transmission system
(G.652/G.655 fiber)
Item
Unit
Span of line
25 22 dB
10 27 dB
Number of channels
40
40
STM64
STM64

end of amplifier)
Average
dBm
+4.0
+4.0
Maximum
dBm
+7.0
+7.0
Minimum
dBm
+1.0
+1.0
dBm
+20.0
+20.0

insertion loss)
dB
+1
+1
dB
>30
>30

MPI-S
dB
dB
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
40000
20000
dB
27
27
ps
15
15
Average
dBm
20
25
Maximum
dBm
16
21
Minimum
dBm
24
29

amplifier)
dBm

at point MPI-R
dB
17
17

MPI-R
dB

loss)
dB

amplifier)
The specifications in Table 6-9 are provided when SuperWDM technology is

6-17
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
adopted.
Item
Unit
Span of line
8 20 dB
3 28 dB
1 33 dB
Number of channels
STM64
STM64
STM64
System wavelength
THz
192.1,192.3,192.6,193.0,195.1,195.5,195.8,1
96.0
Average
dBm
+1.0
+1.0
+1.0
Maximum
dBm
+2.0
+2.0
+2.0
Minimum
dBm
2.0
2.0
2.0
dBm
+11.0
+11.0
+11.0
dB
>30
>30
>30

MPI-S
dB
dB
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
dB
27
27
27
ps
30
30
30
Average
dBm
20
28
33
Maximum
dBm
16
25
29
Minimum
dBm
24
31
35
Total input power (input end of amplifier)
dBm
16
21

at point MPI-R
dB
20
20
20

MPI-R
dB

loss)
dB

Channel output power (Note)
Optical interface at points MPI-R AND R

amplifier)
Note: The channel output power is the input optical power of the system at point S, including FIU loss at the transmitting
end.
6-18
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Dispersion compensation is needed when the transmission distance exceeds 300

km on G.653 fiber for C band signal.
Item
Unit
Span of line
6 23 dB
3 27 dB
1 32 dB
Number of channels
12
12
12
STM64
STM64
STM64
System wavelength
THz
192.1, 192.3, 192.4, 192.6, 192.7, 193.0,

195.1, 195.4, 195.5, 195.7, 195.8, 196.0
Average
dBm
Maximum
dBm
+1.0
+1.0
+1.0
Minimum
dBm
3.0
3.0
3.0
dBm
+11.0
+11.0
+11.0
dB
>30
>30
>30

MPI-S
dB
dB
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
dB
27
27
27
ps
30
30
30
Average
dBm
24
28
33
Maximum
dBm
20
25
29
Minimum
dBm
28
31
35

amplifier)
dBm
11
15
20

at point MPI-R
dB
20
20
20

MPI-R
dB

loss)
dB


amplifier)
end.
6-19
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Dispersion compensation is needed when the transmission distance exceeds 300km

on G.653 fiber for C band signal.
6.6.4 Type IV System

Table 6-12 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-IV system (G.653 fiber, L band)
Item
Unit
Span of line
5 22 dB
3 25 dB
1 30 dB
Number of channels
40
40
40
STM64
STM64
STM64

Average
dBm
+1.0
+1.0
+1.0
Maximum
dBm
+2.0
+2.0
+2.0
Minimum
dBm
2.0
2.0
2.0
dBm
+17.0
+17.0
+17.0
dB
>30
>30
>30

MPI-S
dB
dB
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
1600
1080
440
dB
27
27
27
ps
30
30
30
Average
dBm
22
25
30
Maximum
dBm
19
22
27
Minimum
dBm
25
28
33

amplifier)
dBm
10

at point MPI-R
dB
20
20
20

MPI-R
dB

loss)
dB
Optical path (MPI - S - MPI R)

amplifier)
end.
6-20
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.6.5 Type V System

Table 6-13 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-V system (G.652/G.655 fiber)
Item
Unit
Span of line
8 22 dB
6 27 dB
1 39 dB
Number of channels
40
40
40
STM16
STM16
STM16
Optical interface at points MPI-S AND S

end of amplifier)
Average
dBm
+4.0
+4.0
+4.0
Maximum
dBm
+7.0
+7.0
+6.0
Minimum
dBm
+1.0
+1.0
+2.0
dBm
+20.0
+20.0
+20.0

insertion loss)
dB
+1
+1
+1
dB
>30
>30
>30

MPI-S
dB
dB
Maximum dispersion
ps/n
m
12800
12000
3000
dB
27
27
27
ps
15
15
15
Average
dBm
20
25
37
Maximum
dBm
16
21
34
Minimum
dBm
24
39
40

amplifier)
dBm
20
minimum channel optical signal-to-noise ratio

at point MPI-R
dB
20
20
20

MPI-R
dB

loss)
dB

amplifier)
6-21
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.6.6 Type VI System

Table 6-14 Main optical path parameters of the OptiX BWS 1600G-VI system (G.652/G.655 fiber,
Item
Unit
Span of line
1 51 dB
1 44 dB
1 47 dB
Number of channels
10
10
10
STM16
STM64
STM64

end of amplifier)
Average
dBm
+16
+16
+16
Maximum
dBm
+17
+17
+17
Minimum
dBm
+14
+14
+14
dBm
+26
+26
+26

insertion loss)
dB
+1
+1
+1
dB
>30
>30
>30

MPI-S
dB
dB
Maximum dispersion
ps/n
m
3600
3200
3400
dB
27
27
27
ps
15
15
15
Average
dBm
37
30
33
Maximum
dBm
35
28
31
Minimum
dBm
39
32
35

at point MPI-R
dB
15
20
18

MPI-R
dB

loss)
dB

amplifier)
For the 10-channel LHP system of type VI, the frequency range is
6-22
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
192.1THz194.0THz, and channel spacing is 200 GHz.

Table 6-15 Main optical path specifications of the OptiX BWS 1600G-VI system (G.652/G.655 fiber,
Item
Unit
Span of line
1 46 dB
1 41 dB
1 37 dB
Number of channels
40
40
40
STM16
STM64
STM64

Channel output power (output end
of amplifier)
Average
dBm
+10
+10
+10
Maximum
dBm
+12
+12
+12
Minimum
dBm
+8
+8
+8
dBm
+26
+26
+26

insertion loss)
dB
+1
+1
+1
dB
>30
>30
>30

MPI-S
dB
dB
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
3200
3100
2800
dB
27
27
27
ps
15
15
12
Optical path(MPI - S - MPI R)

amplifier)
Average
dBm
37
33
29
Maximum
dBm
34
30
26
Minimum
dBm
40
36
32
Minimum channel optical signal-to-noise ratio at

point MPI-R
dB
15
18
20

MPI-R
dB

loss)
dB
6-23
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.7 Optical Amplifier

6.7.1 OAU
The OptiX BWS 1600G system mainly uses one kind of optical amplifier OAU for line
amplification. The OAU has four types: OAU-CG/LG and enhanced OAU-CR/LR.
The specific parameters are shown in Table 6-16 and Table 6-17.
Table 6-16 Parameters of OAU-CG/LG for C/L-band
Item
Unit
Operating wavelength range
nm
23 dB
28 dB
33 dB
1529.161560.61
/
1529.161560.61
/
1529.161560.61/
1570.421603.57
1570.421603.57
1570.421603.57
Total input power range
dBm
32 to 3
32 to 3
32 to 3
Single channel
input power
range
40 channels
dBm
32 to 19
32 to 19
32 to 19
80 channels
dBm
32 to 22
32 to 22
32 to 22
Noise figure (NF)
dB
510
510
510
Input reflectance
dB
<40
<40
<40
Output reflectance
dB
<40
<40
<40
Pump leakage at input end
dBm
<30
<30
<30
Maximum reflectance tolerable

at input end
dB
27
27
27
Maximum reflectance tolerable

at output end
dB
27
27
27
dBm
20
20
20
Gain response time to add/drop

the channel
ms
<10
<10
<10
Channel gain
dB
2126
2631
3136
Gain flatness
dB
Multi-channel gain tilt
dB/dB
Polarization dependent loss

(PDL)
dB
0.5
0.5
0.5
The OAU-CR/LR of the OptiX BWS 1600G system is always used with Raman fiber
amplifier.
6-24
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 6-17 Parameters of OAU-CR/LR for C/L-band
Item
Unit
nm
13 dB
18 dB
1529.161560.61
/
1529.161560.61
/
1570.421603.57
1570.421603.57
23 dB
1529.161560.61/
1570.421603.57
dBm
22 to +7
22 to +7
22 to +7
Single
channel input
power range
40 channels
dBm
22 to 9
22 to 9
22 to 9
80 channels
dBm
22 to 12
22 to 12
22 to 12
Noise figure (NF)
dB
510
510
510
Input reflectance
dB
<40
<40
<40
Output reflectance
dB
<40
<40
<40
dBm
<30
<30
<30
Maximum reflectance tolerable at

input end
dB
27
27
27

output end
dB
27
27
27
dBm
20
20
20
Gain response time to add/drop

the channel
ms
<10
<10
<10
Channel gain
dB
1116
1621
2126
Gain flatness (Note)
dB
dB/d
B
Polarization dependent loss (PDL)
dB
0.5
0.5
0.5
Note: The flatness value is obtained when OAU and Raman amplifier are used together.
The OAU used for the C 800G system is OAU05. Table 6-18shows its specifications.
6-25
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 6-18 Parameters of OAU05 for C band
Item
Unit
Performance patameter
nm
40-channel system
80-channel system
1529.161560.61
1529.161560.61
dBm
32 to 0
32 to 0
Single channel input power range
dBm
32 to 16
32 to 19
Noise figure (NF)
dB
<10
<10
Output reflectance
dB
<40
<40
Input reflectance
dB
<40
<40
dBm
<30
<30

input end
dB
27
27

output end
dB
27
27
dBm
23
23
Gain response time to add/drop the

channel
ms
<10
<10
Maximum channel gain
dB
36
36
Gain flatness
dB
dB/dB
dB
<0.5
<0.5
6-26
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.7.2 OBU
Table 6-19 Parameters of OBU-C/L for C/L-band
Item
Unit
Application
nm
Multi-span (OBU03)
LHP (OBU05)
1529.161560.61/
1529.161560.61
1570.421603.57
Total input power
dBm
22 to 3
22 to 0
40 channels
dBm
22 to 19
16
80 channels
dBm
22
19
Noise figure (NF)
dB
<6/6.5
<8
Input reflectance
dB
<40
<40
Output reflectance
dB
<40
<40
dBm
<30
<30
Maximum reflectance tolerable at input end
dB
27
27
Maximum reflectance tolerable at output

end
dB
27
27
dBm
20
23
Gain response time to add/drop the channel
ms
<10
<10
Channel gain
dB
23
23
Gain flatness
dB
dB/dB
dB
0.5
0.5
Single channel
input power range
Note: In performance parameters column, the parameters before / are for C band, and those after / are for L band.
6-27
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.7.3 OPU
Table 6-20 Parameters of OPU
Item
Unit
nm
1529.161560.61
Total input power
dBm
32 to 8
Single channel input power range
dBm
32 to 23
Noise figure (NF)
dB
<5.5
Input reflectance
dB
<40
Output reflectance
dB
<40
dBm
<30
Maximum reflectance tolerable at input end
dB
27
Maximum reflectance tolerable at output end
dB
27
dBm
15
Gain response time to add/drop the channel
ms
<10
Channel gain
dB
2225
Gain flatness
dB
dB/dB
dB
0.5
6-28
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.7.4 WBA
Table 6-21 Parameters of WBA
Item
Unit
Application
40-channel performance parameter

WBA05 (20 dB)
WBA06 (17 dB)
nm
15351561
15351561
dBm
28 to 6
21 to 3
Noise figure (NF)
dB
<5.5
<5.5
Input reflectance
dB
<30
<30
Output reflectance
dB
<30
<30
dBm
<30
<30
Maximum reflectance tolerable at input

end
dB
27
27
Maximum reflectance tolerable at output

end
dB
27
27
dBm
15
15

channel
ms
<10
<10
Channel gain
dB
1921
1618
Gain flatness
dB
dB/dB
dB
0.5
0.5
6-29
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.7.5 HBA
Table 6-22 Parameters of HBA
Item
Unit
40-channel
10-channel
nm
192.1196.0 THz
192.1194.0 THz
dBm
19 to 3
19 to 9
Noise figure (NF)
dB
<8
<8
Output reflectance
dB
<45
<45
Output power range
dBm
1026
1626

channel
ms
<10
<10
Channel gain
dB
29
35
Gain flatness
dB
2.5
2.5
dB
<0.5
<0.5
Polarization mode dispersion

(PMD)
ps
<0.5
<0.5
6-30
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.7.6 Raman Amplifier

Table 6-23 Parameters of Raman amplifier
Item
Unit
Pump wavelength range
nm
14001500
Board type
C band: RPC
C+L band: RPA
Maximum pump power
dBm
30.5
31.5
Channel gain on G.652 fiber (Note 1)
dB
10
10
Channel gain on LEAF fiber (Note 1 &

Note 2)
dB
12
10
Channel gain on TW RS fiber (Note 1 &

Note 3)
dB
13
10
Effective noise figure on G.652 fiber
dB
Effective noise figure on LEAF fiber
dB
-0.5
0.5
Effective noise figure on TW RS fiber
dB
dB
0.3
0.3
Temperature characteristic
nm/C
Note 1: This gain refers to on-off gain, i.e. the power difference between amplifier ON and amplifier OFF.
Note 2: LEAF fiber is a kind of fiber called large effective aperture fiber.
Note 3: TW RS fiber is a kind of fiber called True Wave Reduced Slope fiber, belongs to NZDSF.
6-31
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8 Optical Transponder Unit (OTU)

OTU, optical transponder unit is responsible for accessed wavelength conversion
into standard G.692-compliant DWDM wavelength. Its interface parameters meet the
requirements given in the following tables. All the data provided by Huawei are under
the worst case, i.e. these data can meet system requirements under the permitted
worst operating conditions at EOL (end of life).
6.8.1 LWF
Table 6-24 Optical interface (STM64) parameters at the client end of the LWF board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Optical interface type
I64.2
S64.2b
Line code format
NRZ
NRZ
Optical source type
SLM
SLM
km
25
40
nm
15301565
15301565
Maximum mean launched power
dBm
+2
Minimum mean launched power
dBm
10
Minimum extinction ratio
dB
+8.2
+8.2
Minimum side-mode suppression ratio

(SMSR)
dB
30
30
Compliant with G.691
PIN
PIN
Target distance
Transmitter parameters at point S
Eye pattern mask

Receiver parameters at point R
Receiver type
operating wavelength range
nm
12001650
12001650
Receiver sensitivity
dBm
14
14
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
6-32
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 6-25 Optical interface (STM64) parameters at the DWDM side of the LWF board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Channel spacing
GHz
50
100
NRZ
NRZ
Line code format

Transmitter parameters at point Sn
dBm
dBm
dB
+10
+10
Nominal Central frequency
THz
192.10196.05,
192.10196.05,
186.95190.90
186.95190.90
Central frequency deviation
GHz
10
Maximum 20dB spectral width
nm
0.3
0.3
Minimum SMSR
dB
35
35
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
1500
800
PIN
PIN
Eye pattern mask

Receiver parameters at point Rn
Receiver type
nm
12001650
12001650
dBm
14
14
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
The optical interface parameters of the LRF board are as shown in Table 6-25.
LWS/LRS has the same parameters as the LWF.
6-33
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8.2 LWFS
The optical interface parameters at the client end of the LWFS board are the same
as those of LWF board; the optical interface parameters at the DWDM side are
shown in Table 6-26.
Table 6-26 Optical interface (STM64) parameters at the DWDM side of the LWFS board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Channel spacing
GHz
100 or 50
Line code format
CRZ

dBm
dBm
dB
+13
Central frequency
THz
192.10196.05
GHz
10/5 Note 1
Minimum SMSR
dB
NA
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
300+500
Eye pattern mask
NA

Receiver type
PIN
nm
12001650
dBm
17
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
Note 1: The deviation 10 refers to 100 GHz channel spacing, while 5 refers to 50 GHz channel
spacing.
The optical interface parameters of the LRFS are as shown in Table 6-26.
6-34
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8.3 OCU
Table 6-27 Optical interface (STM16) parameters at the client end of the OCU board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Optical Interface type
I16
S16.1
L16.2
Line code format
NRZ
NRZ
NRZ
Optical source type
MLM
SLM
SLM
15
80
Target distance
km

nm
12601360
12601360
15001580
Maximum mean launched

power
dBm
+3
Minimum mean launched

power
dBm
10
dB
+8.2
+8.2
+8.2
Minimum SMSR
dB
NA
30
30
Compliant with
G.957
Compliant with
G.957
Compliant with
G.957
PIN
PIN
APD
Eye pattern mask

Receiver type
nm
12001650
12001650
12001650
dBm
18
18
28
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
27
6-35
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 6-28 Optical interface (STM64) parameters at the DWDM side of the OCU board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Channel spacing
GHz
50
100
NRZ
NRZ
Line code format

dBm
dBm
dB
+10
+10
Central frequency
THz
192.10196.05,
192.10196.05,
186.95190.90
186.95190.90
GHz
10
nm
0.3
0.3
Minimum SMSR
dB
35
35
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
1500
800
PIN
PIN
Eye pattern mask

Receiver type
nm
12001650
12001650
dBm
14
14
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
6-36
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8.4 OCUS
The optical interface parameters at the client end of the OCUS board are the same
as those of the OCU board; the optical interface parameters at the DWDM side are
Table 6-29 Optical interface (STM64) parameters at DWDM side of the OCUS board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Channel spacing
GHz
100 or 50
Line code format
CRZ

dBm
dBm
dB
+13
Central frequency
THz
192.10196.05
GHz
10/5Note 1
dB
NA
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
300+500
Eye pattern mask
NA

Receiver type
PIN
nm
12001650
dBm
17
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
spacing.
6-37
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8.5 TMX
Table 6-30 Optical interface parameters at client side of the TMX board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Optical interface type
I16
S16.1
L16.1
L16.2
Line code format
NRZ
NRZ
NRZ
NRZ
Optical source type
SLM
SLM
SLM
SLM
15
Target distance
km
80

Operating wavelength
range
nm
12601360
12601360
12601360
15001580
Maximum mean
launched power
dBm
+3
+3

power
dBm
10
dB
+8.2
+8.2
+8.2
+8.2
Minimum side-mode
suppression ratio
dB
NA
30
30
30
Eye pattern mask
Clock quality

Receiver type
PIN
PIN
APD
APD
range
nm
12601570
12601570
12601570
12601570
dBm
18
18
27
28
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
27
27
Rate and frequence

deviation
2.488 Gbit/s 20 ppm
Clock quality
6-38
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 6-31 Optical interface parameters at line side of the TMX board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Channel spacing
GHz
50
100
NRZ
NRZ
Line code format

dBm
dBm
dB
+10
+10
Central frequency
THz
192.10196.05,
192.10196.05,
186.95190.90
186.95190.90
GHz
10
Maximum 20 dB spectral width
nm
0.3
0.3
Minimum side-mode suppression

ratio
dB
35
35
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
1500
800
Eye pattern mask
Rate and frequence deviation
10.709 Gbit/s 20 ppm
Receiver parameters at point Sn

Receiver type
PIN
PIN
nm
12001650
12001650
dBm
14
14
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
6-39
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8.6 TMXS
The optical interface parameters at client side of the TMXS board are the same as
those of the TMX board. The line side optical interface parameters are shown in
Table 6-32.
Table 6-32 Optical interface parameters at line side of the TMXS board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Channel spacing
GHz
100 or 50
Line code format
CRZ

dBm
dBm
dB
+13
Central frequency
THz
192.10196.05
GHz
10/5Note1
dB
NA
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
300 to +500
Eye pattern mask
NA

Receiver type
PIN
nm
12001650
dBm
17
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
spacing.
6-40
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8.7 LBE and LBES

Table 6-33 Optical interface parameters at client side of the LBE and LBES board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Optical interface rate
Gbit/s
I64.1
I64.2
S64.2b
S64.2a

Laser operating wavelength
nm
12601360
15301565
15301565
15301565

power
dBm
+2
+2

power
dBm
11
10
dB
+6
+8.2
+8.2
+8.2
nm
12001650
12001650
12001650
12001650
dBm
11
14
14
14
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
27
27
6-41
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 6-34 Optical interface parameters at line side of the LBE boards
Item
Unit
Board type
Parameter
LBE
Channel spacing
GHz
Line code format
LBES
50
100
100 or 50
NRZ
NRZ
Super CRZ

dBm
dBm
dB
+10
+10
+13
Central frequency
THz
192.10196.05,
192.10196.05,
186.95190.90
186.95190.90
192.10196.05
GHz
10
10/5Note 1
nm
0.3
0.3
NA

ratio
dB
35
35
NA
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
1500
800
300+500
Compliant with
G.691
Compliant with
G.691
NA
PIN
PIN
PIN
Eye pattern mask

Receiver type
nm
12001650
12001650
12001650
dBm
14
14
17
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
27
Note 1: The deviation 10 refers to 100 GHz channel spacing, while 5 refers to 50 GHz channel spacing.
The parameters of the TMR and TMRS boards are the same as those of the optical
interface parameters at line side of the LBE and LBES boards.
6-42
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8.8 LWC and LWC1

Table 6-35 Optical interface (STM16) parameters at client end of the LWC/LWC1 board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Optical Interface type
I16
S16.1
L16.2
Line code format
NRZ
NRZ
NRZ
Optical source type
MLM
SLM
SLM
km
15
80
nm
12601360
12601360
15001580

power
dBm
+3
dBm
10
dB
+8.2
+8.2
+8.2
Minimum side-mode
suppression ratio
dB
NA
30
30
Compliant with
G.957
Compliant with
G.957
Compliant with
G.957
PIN
PIN
APD
Target distance
Eye pattern mask

Receiver type
nm
12001650
12001650
12001650
dBm
18
18
28
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
27
6-43
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 6-36 Optical interface (STM16) parameters at the DWDM side of the LWC/LWC1 board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Channel spacing
GHz
100
Line code format
NRZ

dBm
dBm
10
dB
+10
Central frequency
THz
192.10196.00
GHz
10
nm
0.2
Minimum SMSR
dB
35
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
12800
Eye pattern mask

Receiver type
APD
PIN
nm
12001650
12001650
dBm
28
18
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
The optical interface parameters of the TRC/TRC1 are as shown in Table 6-36.
6-44
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8.9 LWM
Table 6-37 Optical interface parameters at the client end of the LWM board
Item
Unit
Parameter
STM1/4/16
STM1/4/16
STM1/4/16
Line code format
NRZ
NRZ
NRZ
Optical source type
MLM
SLM
SLM
km
15
80
nm
12601360
12601360
12601570
dBm
+3
dBm
10
dB
+8.2
+8.2
+8.2

ratio
dB
NA
30
30
Compliant with
G.957
Compliant with
G.957
Compliant with
G.957
PIN
PIN
APD
Target distance
Eye pattern mask

Receiver type
nm
12001650
12001650
12001650
dBm
18
18
25
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
27
6-45
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 6-38 Optical interface parameters at DWDM side of the LWM board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Channel spacing
GHz
100
Line code format
NRZ

Target distance
km
640
350
170

power
dBm

power
dBm
10
10
10
dB
+10
+10
+10
Central frequency
THz
192.10196.00
192.10196.00
192.10196.00
GHz
10
10
10
Maximum 20dB spectral

width
nm
0.2
0.2
0.2
Minimum SMSR
dB
35
35
35
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
12800
6500
3500
Compliant with
G.957
Compliant with
G.957
Compliant with
G.957
Eye pattern mask

Receiver type
APD
PIN
nm
12001650
12001650
dBm
28
18
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
6-46
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8.10 LWX
Table 6-39 Optical interface parameters at the client end of the LWX board
Item
Unit
Parameter
34 Mbit/s2.5
Gbit/s
34 Mbit/s2.5
Gbit/s
34 Mbit/s2.5
Gbit/s
Line code format
NRZ
NRZ
NRZ
Optical source type
MLM
SLM
SLM
15
80
Target distance
km

nm
12601360
12601360
15001580

power
dBm
+3

power
dBm
10
dB
+8.2
+8.2
+8.2
Minimum SMSR
dB
NA
30
30
Compliant with
G.957
Compliant with
G.957
Compliant with
G.957
PIN
PIN
APD
Eye pattern mask

Receiver type
nm
12001650
12001650
12001650
dBm
18
18
28
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
27
6-47
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 6-40 Optical interface parameters at the DWDM side of the LWX board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Channel spacing
GHz
100
Line code format
NRZ

Target distance
km
640
350
170
dBm
dBm
10
10
10
dB
+10
+10
+10
Central frequency
THz
192.10196.00
192.10196.00
192.10196.00
GHz
10
10
10
nm
0.2
0.2
0.2
Minimum SMSR
dB
35
35
35
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
12800
6500
3500
Compliant with
G.957
Compliant with
G.957
Compliant with
G.957
Eye pattern mask

Receiver type
APD
PIN
nm
12001650
12001650
dBm
28
18
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
6-48
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8.11 LDG
Table 6-41 Optical interface parameters at the client end of the LDG board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Gbit/s
1.25
nm
12601360
770860
dBm
dBm
11.5
9.5
dB
+8.2
+8.2
nm
12001650
770860
dBm
19
17
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
12
12
6-49
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 6-42 Optical interface parameters at the DWDM side of the LDG board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Channel spacing
GHz
100
Line code format
NRZ

Target distance
km
640
350
170
dBm
dBm
10
10
10
dB
+10
+10
+10
Central frequency
THz
192.10196.00
192.10196.00
192.10196.00
GHz
10
10
10
nm
0.2
0.2
0.2
Minimum SMSR
dB
35
35
35
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
12800
6500
3500
Compliant with
G.957
Compliant with
G.957
Compliant with
G.957
Eye pattern mask

Receiver type
APD
PIN
nm
12001650
12001650
dBm
28
18
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
6-50
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8.12 TWC
Table 6-43 Optical interface parameters of the TWC board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Channel spacing
GHz
100
Line code format
NRZ

power
dBm

power
dBm
dB
+10
Central frequency
THz
192.10196.00
GHz
10
Maximum 20dB spectral

width
nm
0.2
Minimum SMSR
dB
35
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
12800
Eye pattern mask

Receiver type
APD
PIN
nm
12001650
12001650
dBm
28
18
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
6-51
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8.13 LGS
Table 6-44 Optical interface parameters at the client end of the LGS board
Item
Unit
Parameter
nm
12601360
770860
dBm
dBm
11
9.5
dB
+8.2
+8.2
GE-side transmitter parameters at point S
SDH-side transmitter parameters at point S

12601360
dBm
dBm
15
dB
+8.2
nm
12001355
770860
dBm
19
17
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
12
12
nm
12001650
dBm
28
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
<27
GE-side receiver parameters at point R
SDH-side receiver parameters at point R
6-52
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 6-45 Optical interface parameters at the DWDM side of the LGS board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Channel spacing
GHz
100
Line code format
NRZ

Modulation of optical source
EA
Direct-modulated
dBm
+2
+7
dBm
10
10
dB
+10
+8.2
Central frequency
THz
192.10196.00
192.10196.00
GHz
10
10
nm
0.2
0.5
Minimum SMSR
dB
35
30
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
12800
1800
APD
PIN
Eye pattern mask

Receiver type
nm
12001650
12001650
dBm
28
18
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
6-53
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8.14 LQS
Table 6-46 Optical interface parameters at the client end of the LQS board
Item
Unit
Parameter

12601360
dBm
dBm
15
dB
+8.2
nm
12001650
dBm
28
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
<27
The LQS has the same DWDM-side optical interface parameters as the LGS, as
6-54
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8.15 AP4
Table 6-47 Optical interface parameters at the client end of the AP4 board
Item
Unit
Parameter

Laser mode
Single mode
Multimode
dBm
dBm
11.5
9.5
dB
NA
NA
nm
12001650
12001650
dBm
19
17
Receiver overload
dBm
6-55
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 6-48 Optical interface parameters at line side of the AP4 board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Channel spacing
GHz
100
Line code format
NRZ

dBm
dBm
10
dB
+8.2
Central frequency
THz
192.10196.00
GHz
20
nm
0.5
dB
30
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
12800
Eye pattern mask

Receiver type
APD
PIN
nm
12001650
12001650
dBm
25
18
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
6-56
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8.16 EC8
Table 6-49 Optical interface parameters at client side of the EC8 board
Item
Unit
Parameter

Laser mode
Single mode
Multimode
dBm
14
dBm
15
20.5
dB
+8.2
+8.2
nm
12001650
12001650
dBm
28
29
Receiver overload
dBm
14
6-57
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 6-50 Optical interface parameters at line side of the EC8 board
Item
Unit
Parameter
Channel spacing
GHz
100
Line code format
NRZ

dBm
dBm
10
dB
+8.2
Central frequency
THz
192.10196.00
GHz
20
nm
0.5
dB
30
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
12800
Eye pattern mask

Receiver type
APD
PIN
nm
12001650
12001650
dBm
25
18
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
27
6-58
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8.17 OTT
OTT, optical tunable transponder, can be used on the LWF, LRF and OCU boards,
for adjusting transmitting optical wavelength at the DWDM side. The parameters of
the OTT module are shown in Table 6-51.
Table 6-51 Parameters of the OTT module
Item
Unit
Parameter
Channel spacing
GHz
100
Line code format
NRZ
Signal rate
Gbit/s
10.71/10.66
C band

Launched optical power
dBm
Number of tunable optical wavelengths
<3
40
GHz
2.5
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
1200
Eye pattern mask

Receiver type
PIN
nm
12001650
dBm
14
Receiver overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance
dB
27
The OTT module is usually used on a spare OTU board.
6-59
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8.18 Jitter Transfer Characteristics

The OTU has the same jitter transfer characteristics as SDH regenerator. Its jitter
transfer function should be under the curve shown in Figure 6-2. For its parameters,
please refer to Table 6-52.
Jitter Gain
-20dB/10dec
F
Jitter Frequency
fc
Figure 6-2 OTU jitter transfer characteristics
Table 6-52 OTU jitter transfer characteristics parameters
STM Level
Fc (kHz)
P (dB)
STM16 (A)
2000
0.1
STM64 (A)
1000
0.1
When the OTU with out-band FEC function are employed, the jitter transfer function
shall be tested by a pair of OTUs, i.e., OTU with coding function and OTU with
decoding function are combined (P=0.2 dB) to test as shown in Figure 6-3.
FEC encoded signal
FEC coder
FEC decoder
OTU of transmitting end
OTU of receiving end
Figure 6-3 OTU with out-band FEC function
6-60
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.8.19 Input Jitter Tolerance

The OTU is able to tolerate the input jitter pattern shown in Figure 6-4. The
corresponding parameters are given in Table 6-53.
A
A2
A1
f0
f1
Figure 6-4 OTU input jitter tolerance
Table 6-53 OTU input jitter tolerance parameters
STM Level
f1 (kHz)
f0 (kHz)
A1 (kHz)
A2 (kHz)
STM16 (A)
1,000
100
0.15
1.5
STM64 (A)
4,000
400
0.15
1.5
6.8.20 Jitter Generation

Jitter generation for the OTU should be in compliance with the requirements shown
in Table 6-54.
Table 6-54 Jitter generation parameters for OTU
STM Level
STM16 (A)
STM64 (A)
Interface measurement band
Peak-peak
amplitude
(UI)
High-pass (KHz)
Low-pass (MHz)
20
0.30
1000
20
0.10
20
80
0.30
4000
80
0.10
6-61
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.9 Optical Multiplexer/Demultiplexer/Add and Drop multiplexer

Optical multiplexer M40/V40 and demultiplexer D40 provided by Huawei
Technologies Co. Ltd. comply with ITU-T G.671 and G.692 and related
recommendations.
6.9.1 M40
The parameters of the M40 are shown in Table 6-55.
Table 6-55 Parameters of the M40
Item
Unit
Parameter (40-channel)
Channel spacing
GHz
100
Insertion loss
dB
<10
Reflectance
dB
<40
nm
15291561/15701604
(Note)
Isolation (adjacent channels)
dB
>22
Isolation (non-adjacent channels)
dB
>25
dB
<0.5
Temperature characteristics
pm/C
<2
Maximum channel insertion loss

difference
dB
<3
Note: The wavelength range of C-band multiplexer is 1529 nm1561 nm, and that of L-band
multiplexer is 1570 nm1604 nm.
The parameters of the V40 board are the same as those of the M40 board.
6-62
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.9.2 D40
The parameters of the D40 board are shown in Table 6-56.
Table 6-56 Parameters of the D40
Item
Unit
Parameter (40-channel)
Channel spacing
GHz
Multiple of 100 GHz
Insertion loss
dB
<10
Reflectance
dB
<40
Isolation (adjacent channels)
dB
>25
Isolation (non-adjacent channels)
dB
>25
dB
<0.5
pm/C
<2

difference
dB
<3
1 dB spectral width
nm
>0.2
20 dB spectral width
nm
<1.4
6.9.3 MB2
Table 6-57 Parameters of the MB2
Item
Unit
Parameter
Channel spacing
GHz
Multiple of 100 GHz
Wavelength range
nm
C band: 15291570
L band: 15651605
Insertion loss of IN-D1 and IN-D2
dB
3.0
0.5dB bandwidth of IN-D1 and IN-D2
nm
0.11
Isolation (adjacent channels) of IN-D1 and

IN-D2
dB
> 25
Isolation (non-adjacent channels) of N-D1

and IN-D2
dB
> 35
Insertion loss of A1-OUT and A2-OUT
dB
3.0
0.5dB bandwidth of A1-OUT and A2-OUT
dB
0.11
Directivity of A1-OUT and A2-OUT
dB
>40
6-63
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Item
Unit
Parameter
Insertion loss of IN-MRO and MRI-OUT
dB
2.0
Insertion loss of IN-BMO and BMI-OUT
dB
1.0
Isolation of IN-BMO and BMI-OUT
dB
>13
IN-OUT insertion loss
dB
1.5
IN-OUT isolation
dB
>25
Return loss
dB
>40
6.9.4 MR2
The MR2 provided by Huawei is of multi-layer dielectric film interference filter type.
Its parameters are shown in Table 6-58.
Table 6-58 Parameters of the MR2
Item
Unit
Parameter
Channel spacing
GHz
Multiple of 100 GHz
nm
C band: 15291570
L band: 15651605
1dB spectral width
nm
>0.2
Insertion loss of Add/Drop wavelength

channel
dB
<2.5
Insertion loss of pass-through channel
dB
<3.0
Isolation of adjacent channels
dB
>25
Add/Drop channel flatness
dB
<1
Return loss
dB
40
dB
<0.2
Polarization mode dispersion (PMD)
ps
0.15
Maximum input power
dBm
24
Working temperature
5+55
pm/C
<2
6-64
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.10 Optical Fiber Automatic Monitoring Unit

It includes the FMU, MWA, and MWF boards.
Table 6-59 Parameters of the FMU (OTDR module)
Item
Unit
Parameter
Online monitoring
Test wavelength
nm
131025
155025
Dynamic range of OTDR
dB
39.5 (Note 1)
38.5 (Note 1)
Event dead zone
10(Note 2)
Attenuation dead zone
30 (Note 3)
Pulse width
10 ns, 30 ns, 100 ns, 300 ns,

1 s, 3 s, 10 s, 20 s
10 ns, 30 ns, 100 ns, 300 ns,

1 s, 3 s, 10 s, 20 s
Pulse output power
dBm
20
Distance accuracy
1 m5 105 measuring rangedistance between sample

points (excluding the error of the set group index)
Readout resolution
dB
0.001
Reflection measurement
resolution
dB
2.0
Linearity
dB/dB
0.05
Group index
Working temperature
1.4001.700
C
5+55
Note 1: For the FMU, the loss of online optical switch and coupler is considered, so its dynamic range is 12 dB less than
that of the OTDR. In addition, the effective dynamic range of the OTDR in online monitoring and that in standby fiber
monitoring are different.
Note 2: Test condition: Pulse width of test signal is 10 ns and return loss is not greater than 35 dB.
Note 3: Test condition: Pulse width of test signal is 10 ns and return loss is not greater than 35 dB.
6-65
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 6-60 Parameters of the MWF
Item
Unit
Parameter
Passband wavelength range
nm
15001635
Stopband wavelength range
nm
12801340
Passband insertion loss (including

connector)
dB
1.2
Flatness (of the whole operating

wavelength range)
dB
0.4
Isolation (passband to stopband)
dB
45
Return loss (including connector)
dB
45
dB
0.1
ps
0.1
Maximum input power
dBm
27
Working temperature
5+55
Item
Unit
Parameter
Transparent wavelength range
nm
15001635
Reflective wavelength range
nm
12801340
Transparent channel insertion loss

(including connector)
dB
1.2
Reflective channel insertion loss

(including connector)
dB
1.0
Flatness (of the whole operating

wavelength range)
dB
0.4
Isolation (transparent channel to

reflective channel)
dB
40
Isolation (transparent channel to

reflective channel)
dB
40
Return loss (including connector)
dB
45
Directivity
dB
55
dB
0.1
ps
0.1
Maximum input power
dBm
27
Table 6-61 Parameters of the MWA
6-66
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Item
Unit
Parameter
Working temperature
5+55
6-67
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.11 Other Units

6.11.1 FIU
Key component of the FIU provided by Huawei complies with ITU-T related
recommendations. Its parameters are shown in Table 6-62.
Table 6-62 Parameters of FIU
Item
Unit
Parameter
range
nm
C-band: 15291561
L-band: 15701604
Supervisory channel in C-band: 15001520
Supervisory channel in L-band: 16151635
Insertion loss
INTC: 1.5
dB
INTL: 1.5
RCOUT: 1.5
RLOUT: 1.5
INTM: 1.8
INTMB: 1.8
RMOUT: 2.0
RMBOUT: 2.0
Isolation
IN to TM @ C: >40
dB
IN to TMB @ L: >40
IN to TC @ L: >35
IN to TL @ C: >40
Return loss
dB
>40
Directivity
dB
>55
Polarization dependent
loss (PDL)
dB
<0.1
6-68
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.11.2 ITL
The ITL provided by Huawei comply with related ITU-T recommendations. Its
parameters are shown in Table 6-63.
Table 6-63 Parameters of ITL
Item
Unit
Parameter
nm
C-band: 1529.161560.61
L-band: 1570.421603.57
Input channel spacing (Note1)
GHz
100
Output channel spacing (Note1)
GHz
50
Insertion loss
dB
<3

difference
dB
<0.5
Isolation
dB
>25
Return loss
dB
>40
Directivity
dB
>55

(PMD)
ps
<0.5
dB
<0.5
Input optical power range
dBm
23
Working temperature
555
Note1: Input and output is defined according to the multiplexing process of the ITL.
Instead of interleaver, coupler can be used for multiplexing to get 50 GHz channel
spacing system.
6-69
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.11.3 DGE
The parameters of the DGE module are shown in Table 6-64.
Table 6-64 Parameters of DGE
Item
Unit
Parameter
nm
15291561
Dynamic attenuation range
dB
621
Fixed insertion loss
dB
<6
6.11.4 DSE
The parameters of the DSE board are shown in Table 6-65.
Table 6-65 Parameters of DSE
Item
Unit
Parameter
nm
15291570
Fixed insertion loss
dB
<3.0
6.11.5 MCA
The technical parameters of the MCA board are shown in Table 6-66.
Table 6-66 Parameters of MCA
Item
Unit
Parameter
nm
C-band: 15291561
L-band: 15701604
Detect range for signal-to-noise

ratio
dB
1525
Detect range for single channel

optical power
dBm
1030
Detect accuracy for central

wavelength
dBm
0.5
OSNR accuracy
dB
1.5
Central wavelength accuracy
nm
0.05
6-70
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.11.6 OSC
Table 6-67 OSC optical interface parameters
Item
Parameter
Operating wavelength range (nm)
C band: 1500-1520
L band: 1615-1635
Signal rate (Mbit/s)
SC1/SC2
2.048 (Note 1)
TC1/TC2
8.192 (Note 1)
Line code format
CMI
Launched power (dBm)
7 - 0
Optical source type
SLM
Minimum receiver sensitivity

(dBm) (BER=11012)
SC1/SC2
48
TC1/TC2
48
Note 1: When TC1/TC2 is used, up to three channels of clock can be transmitted in the system. So
the rate of OSC signal is 16Mbit/s on the line after CMI coding. Signal rate in the table is the rate
before CMI encoding.
6-71
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.12 DCM
Presently, different DCM types are available for both C and L bands. Their
parameters are shown in Table 6-68,Table 6-69 and Table 6-70.
Table 6-68 Performance requirement of dispersion compensation optical fiber of C-band (G.652 fiber)
Item
Distance
(km)
Max.
insertion
loss(dB)
DSCR
PMD (ps)
PDL
(dB)
Max. allow
power
(dBm)
Operation
wavelength
(nm)
DCM(A)
20
90%110%
0.4
0.1
20
15251565
DCM(B)
40
0.5
0.1
20
DCM(C)
60
0.6
0.1
20
DCM(D)
80
0.7
0.1
20
DCM(E)
100
0.8
0.1
20
DCM(S)
2.5
0.3
0.1
20
Type
DCM(S) is only used in the system with Super CRZ line encoding.
Table 6-69 Performance requirement of dispersion compensation optical fiber of L-band (G.652 fiber)
Item
Distance
(km)
Max.
insertion
loss(dB)
DSCR
PMD
(ps)
PDL
(dB)
Max. allow
power (dBm)
Operation
wavelength
(nm)
DCM(A)
20
90%110%
0.6
0.1
20
15701605
DCM(B)
40
5.3
0.9
0.1
20
DCM(C)
60
1.0
0.1
20
DCM(D)
80
8.4
1.0
0.1
20
Type
Table 6-70 Performance requirement of dispersion compensation optical fiber of C-band (G.655 LEAF
fiber)
Item
Distance
(km)
Max.
insertion
loss(dB)
DSCR
PMD (ps)
PDL
(dB)
Max. allow
power (dBm)
Operation
wavelength
(nm)
DCM(A)
20
90%110%
0.4
0.3
24
15251565
DCM(B)
40
0.5
0.3
24
DCM(C)
60
0.6
0.3
24
DCM(D)
80
0.7
0.3
24
DCM(E)
100
0.8
0.3
24
Type
6-72
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.13 Channel Allocation

Table 6-71 C-band channel allocation (80 channels with 50GHz spacing)
Central frequency (THz)
Central wavelength (nm)
Central frequency
(THz)
Central wavelength
(nm)
196.05
1529.16
194.05
1544.92
196.00
1529.55
194.00
1545.32
195.95
1529.94
193.95
1545.72
195.90
1530.33
193.90
1546.12
195.85
1530.72
193.85
1546.52
195.80
1531.12
193.80
1546.92
195.75
1531.51
193.75
1547.32
195.70
1531.90
193.70
1547.72
195.65
1532.29
193.65
1548.11
195.60
1532.68
193.60
1548.51
195.55
1533.07
193.55
1548.91
195.50
1533.47
193.50
1549.32
195.45
1533.86
193.45
1549.72
195.40
1534.25
193.40
1550.12
195.35
1534.64
193.35
1550.52
195.30
1535.04
193.30
1550.92
195.25
1535.43
193.25
1551.32
195.20
1535.82
193.20
1551.72
195.15
1536.22
193.15
1552.12
195.10
1536.61
193.10
1552.52
195.05
1537.00
193.05
1552.93
195.00
1537.40
193.00
1553.33
194.95
1537.79
192.95
1553.73
194.90
1538.19
192.90
1554.13
194.85
1538.58
192.85
1554.54
194.80
1538.98
192.80
1554.94
6-73
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Central frequency (THz)
Central wavelength (nm)
Central frequency
(THz)
Central wavelength
(nm)
194.75
1539.37
192.75
1555.34
194.70
1539.77
192.70
1555.75
194.65
1540.16
192.65
1556.15
194.60
1540.56
192.60
1556.55
194.55
1540.95
192.55
1556.96
194.50
1541.35
192.50
1557.36
194.45
1541.75
192.45
1557.77
194.40
1542.14
192.40
1558.17
194.35
1542.54
192.35
1558.58
194.30
1542.94
192.30
1558.98
194.25
1543.33
192.25
1559.39
194.20
1543.73
192.20
1559.79
194.15
1544.13
192.15
1560.20
194.10
1544.53
192.10
1560.61
6-74
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table 6-72 L-band channel allocation (80 channels with 50 GHz spacing)
Central frequency
(THz)
Central wavelength
(nm)
Central frequency
(THz)
Central wavelength
(nm)
190.90
1570.42
188.90
1587.04
190.85
1570.83
188.85
1587.46
190.80
1571.24
188.80
1587.88
190.75
1571.65
188.75
1588.30
190.70
1572.06
188.70
1588.73
190.65
1572.48
188.65
1589.15
190.60
1572.89
188.60
1589.57
190.55
1573.30
188.55
1589.99
190.50
1573.71
188.50
1590.41
190.45
1574.13
188.45
1590.83
190.40
1574.54
188.40
1591.26
190.35
1574.95
188.35
1591.68
190.30
1575.37
188.30
1592.10
190.25
1575.78
188.25
1592.52
190.20
1576.20
188.20
1592.95
190.15
1576.61
188.15
1593.37
190.10
1577.03
188.10
1593.79
190.05
1577.44
188.05
1594.22
190.00
1577.86
188.00
1594.64
189.95
1578.27
187.95
1595.06
189.90
1578.69
187.90
1595.49
189.85
1579.10
187.85
1595.91
189.80
1579.52
187.80
1596.34
189.75
1579.93
187.75
1596.76
189.70
1580.35
187.70
1597.19
189.65
1580.77
187.65
1597.62
189.60
1581.18
187.60
1598.04
189.55
1581.60
187.55
1598.47
6-75
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Central frequency
(THz)
Central wavelength
(nm)
Central frequency
(THz)
Central wavelength
(nm)
189.50
1582.02
187.50
1598.89
189.45
1582.44
187.45
1599.32
189.40
1582.85
187.40
1599.75
189.35
1583.27
187.35
1600.17
189.30
1583.69
187.30
1600.60
189.25
1584.11
187.25
1601.03
189.20
1584.53
187.20
1601.46
189.15
1584.95
187.15
1601.88
189.10
1585.36
187.10
1602.31
189.05
1585.78
187.05
1602.74
189.00
1586.20
187.00
1603.17
188.95
1586.62
186.95
1603.57
Central
frequency (THz)
Central
wavelength (nm)
Central
frequency (THz)
Central
wavelength (nm)
192.1
1560.61
195.1
1536.61
192.3
1558.98
195.5
1533.47
192.6
1556.55
195.8
1531.12
193.0
1550.92
196.0
1529.55
Central
frequency (THz)
Central
wavelength (nm)
Central
frequency (THz)
Central
wavelength (nm)
192.1
1560.61
194.0
1545.32
192.2
1559.79
194.1
1544.53
192.4
1558.17
195.3
1535.04
192.8
1554.94
195.7
1531.90
193.0
1550.92
195.9
1530.33
193.1
1552.52
196.0
1529.55
6-76
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.14 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

Strictly followed international standards and EMC measures, the OptiX BWS 1600G
is suitable for any kinds of telecommunication networks and markets.
1. Electromagnetic Safety Standards
CSA C22.2 No. 950

UL 1950
EN 60950, Safety of Information Technology Equipment
EN 608251 Safety of Laser Products - Part 1: Equipment Classification,
Requirements and User's Guide
EN 608252 Safety of Laser Products - Part 2: Safety of Optical Fiber
Communication Systems
2. EMC Standards
ETSI EN300 3861.2.1 (2000)
CISPR55022 (1999)
FCC PART 15 including:
Radiation emission (RE):
CISPR22, ETSI EN 300 127

(V1.2.1)
Conduction emission (CE):
CISPR22, ETSI EN 300 386-1.2.1
Electric static discharge (ESD):
IEC6100042
Fast transient pulse string (EFT/B):
IEC6100044
Conductive susceptibility (CS):
IEC6100046
Radiation sensitivity (RS):
IEC6100043
Surge:
IEC6100045
Voltage drop (DIP):
IEC61000429 (DC)
Power induction (PI):
ITU K.20
Power magnetic field sensitivity (PMS):
IEC6100048
These standards are applied for communication equipment production:

IEC 6100046 (1996)
IEC 6100043 (1995)
IEC 6100042 (1995)
IEC 6100045 (1995)
6-77
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
IEC 6100048 (1993)

IEC 61000429 (2000)
IEC 6100044 (1995)
IEC 6100032 (1995)
IEC 6100033 (1995)
ETSI EN 300 127 (V1.2.1)
ITU k.20
6-78
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.15 Environment Requirement

This environment requirement is set by referring to the following international
standards:
(1) GF 01495: Environment conditions of the telecommunication equipment room
(2) ETS 300 01913: Class 3.2 Partly temperature-controlled locations
(3) NEBS GR63-CORE: Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS)
Requirements: Physical Protection
6.15.1 Storage Environment

1. Climate Environment
Item
Range
Altitude
5000 m
Air pressure
70 kPa106 kPa
Temperature
40C+70C
Temperature change rate
1C /min
Relative Humidity
10%100%
Solar radiation
1120 W/s
Heat radiation
600 W/s
Wind speed
30 m/s
2. Waterproof Requirement
(1) Equipment storage requirements at the customer site: Generally the equipment is
stored indoors,
(2) Where there is no water on the floor and no water leakage on the packing boxes
of the equipment. The equipment should not be stored in places where leakage is
probable, such as near the auto firefighting and heating facilities.
(3) If the equipment is required to be stored outdoors, the following four conditions
should be met at the same time:
The packing boxes are intact.
Necessary rainproof measures should have been taken to prevent rainwater from
entering the packing boxes.
There is no water on the ground where the packing boxes are stored, let alone
6-79
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
water entering into the packing boxes.
The packing boxes are not directly exposed to the sun.
3. Biologic Environment
(1) Avoiding the reproduction of animalcule, such as epiphyte, mildew.

(2) Getting rid of rodent (such as mouse).
4. Clarity of Air
(1) No explosive, conductive, magnetic conductive nor corrosive dust.

(2) The density of mechanical active substance complies with the requirements of
Table 6-76.
Mechanical active substance
Content
Suspending dust
5.00 mg/m
Precipitable dust
20.0 mg/mh
Sand
300 mg/m
(3) The density of chemical active substance complies with the requirements of Table
6-77.
Table 6-77 Requirements for the density of chemical active substance
Chemical active substance
Content
SO2
0.30 mg/m
H2S
0.10 mg/m
NO2
0.50 mg/m
NH3
1.00 mg/m
CI2
0.10 mg/m
HCI
0.10 mg/m
HF
0.01 mg/m
O3
0.05 mg/m
6-80
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
5. Mechanical Stress
Item
Subitem
Sinusoidal
vibration
Displacement
7.0 mm
Acceleration
20.0 m/s
Frequency range
2 Hz9 Hz
9 Hz200 Hz
Impact response
spectrum II
250 m/s
Static load
5 kPa
Non-steady
impact
Range
Note:
Impact response spectrum: the curve of the maximum acceleration response
generated by the equipment under the stipulated impact motivation. Impact
response spectrum II indicates the duration of semi sinusoidal impact spectrum is
6ms.
Static load: The pressure from upside, that the equipment with package can endure
when the equipment is piled as per stipulation.
6.15.2 Transport Environment

Item
Range
Altitude
5000 m
Air pressure
70 kPa106 kPa
Temperature
40C+70C
3C /min
Relative Humidity
10%100%
Solar radiation
1120 W/s
Heat radiation
600 W/s
Wind speed
30 m/s
2. Waterproof Requirement
The following conditions should be met during the transportation:
6-81
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
The packing boxes are intact.
Necessary rainproof measures should be taken for the means of transport to

prevent rainwater from entering the packing boxes.
There is no water in the means of transportation.

4. Clarity of Air

Table 6-80.
Table 6-80 Requirements on the density of mechanical active substance
Content
Suspending dust
No requirement
Precipitable dust
3.0 mg/mh
Sand
100 mg/m
6-81.
Content
SO2
0.30 mg/m
H2S
0.10 mg/m
NO2
0.50 mg/m
NH3
1.00 mg/m
CI2
0.10 mg/m
HCI
0.10 mg/m
HF
0.01 mg/m
O3
0.05 mg/m
6-82
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Item
Subitem
Sinusoidal vibration
Displacement
7.5 mm
Acceleration
20.0 m/s
40.0 m/s
Frequency range
2 Hz9 Hz
9 Hz200 Hz
200 Hz500 Hz
Acceleration spectrum
density
10 m/s
3 m/s
1 m/s
Frequency range
2 Hz9 Hz
9 Hz200 Hz
200 Hz500 Hz
Impact response
spectrum II
300 m/s
Static load
10 kPa
Random vibration
Non-steady impact
Range
Note:
Impact response spectrum: the curve of the maximum acceleration response generated by the
equipment under the stipulated impact motivation. Impact response spectrum II indicates the duration of
semi sinusoidal impact spectrum is 6ms.
Static load: The pressure from upside, that the equipment with package can endure when the
equipment is piled as per stipulation.
6-83
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
6.15.3 Operation Environment

Table 6-83 Requirements for temperature, humidity
Equipment
name
Temperature
Relative humidity
Long-term
operation
Short-term
operation
Long-term
operation
Short-term
operation
0C40C
5C45C
10%90%
5%95%
Note:
Testing point of product temperature and humidity: when the cabinet of the
product has no protection board in the front and at the back, the value is
tested 1.5 meter above the floor and 0.4 meter in front of the cabinet.
Short-term working condition means that the successive working time does
not exceed 96 hours and the accumulated time every year does not exceed
15 days.
Table 6-84 Other requirements for climate environment
Item
Range
Altitude
4000 m
Air pressure
70106 kPa
5C /h
Solar radiation
700 W/s
Heat radiation
600 W/s
Wind speed
1 m/s

3. Clarity of Air

Table 6-85.
6-84
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Content
Dust particle
3 105 /m
Suspending dust
0.4 mg/m
Precipitable dust
15 mg/mh
Sand
100 mg/m
6-86.
Content
SO2
0.20 mg/m
H2S
0.006 mg/m
NH3
0.05 mg/m
CI2
0.01 mg/m
HCI
0.10 mg/m
HF
0.01 mg/m
O3
0.005 mg/m
CO
5.0 mg/m
6-85
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Item
Subitem
Sinusoidal vibration
Displacement
3.5 mm
Acceleration
10.0 m/s
Frequency range
29 Hz
9200 Hz
Impact response spectrum II
100 m/s
Static load
Non-steady impact
Range
Note:
Impact response spectrum: the curve of the maximum acceleration response
generated by the equipment under the stipulated impact motivation. Impact response
spectrum II indicates the duration of semi sinusoidal impact spectrum is 6ms.
Static load: The pressure from upside, that the equipment with package can endure
when the equipment is piled as per stipulation.
6-86
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Measures in DWDM Network Designing
A.1 Dispersion Limited Distance

1. Chromatic Dispersion
The chromatic dispersion is a dominant factor restricting the transmission distance,

which is caused by the characteristics of the transmitting optical source and media
(optical fiber material).
2. Transmission Restriction
With the increasing transmission rate in the optical fiber system and the cascading of
multiple EDFA in the optical transmission system, the overall dispersion and related
dispersion costs in the transmission link will become higher. This is a serious issue. At
present, dispersion limitation has become a vital element in deciding many system
regeneration section distances. In the single module optical fiber, the dispersion
mainly includes material dispersion and wave-guide dispersion, which might cause
different time delays in different frequencies. In terms of time domain, this might lead
to the extension of optical pulses, which can cause the interference between optical
pulses. The result is the deterioration of transmitted signals.
3. Effect-Reducing Method
In some optical amplification sub-systems, the passive dispersion compensation

device can be combined with the optical amplifier. This sub-system will add limited
chromatic dispersion to the system, making the dispersion coefficient reverse to the
original one and reduces the system chromatic dispersion. This device can be
mounted together with EDFA to compensate for the loss related with the passive
dispersion compensation. In addition, the use of G.655 and G.653 optical fibers, are
beneficial to minimize the chromatic dispersion.
A-1
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
4. Network Design Consideration
During the DWDM network design, the whole network is divided into several
regeneration sections. Each section should be less than the dispersion-restricted
distance of the optical source. Thus the dispersion of the whole network can be
tolerated.
Tips:
In dispersion calculation, for G.652 fibers, the typical dispersion coefficient in 1550 nm
window is 17 ps/nm.km. In engineering design, the budget should be 20 ps/nm.km.
A-2
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
A.2 Signal Power

Long-distance transmission of the optical signals requires that the signal power be
enough to offset optical fiber loss. It is natural, that with distance increasing, the optical
power becomes less and less. This phenomenon is known as attenuation. The
attenuation coefficient of the G.652 optical fiber in the 1550 nm window is generally
about 0.25 dB/km. Considering the optical connector, optical fiber redundancy and
other factors, the composite optical fiber attenuation coefficient is usually less than
0.275 dB/km.
In specific calculation, power budget is normally calculated between two adjacent
equipments in the transmission network. The distance (loss) between two adjacent
equipments in a transmission network, is called trunk distance (loss).
Node A
S
P
out
R
P
L
Node B
in
Figure A-1 Trunk loss calculation principle
If Pout is the output power (dBm) of a single channel at point S, and Pin is the minimum
allowed input power (dBm) of a single channel at point R, then
Regenerator distance = (Pout - Pin) /a
Where a is the accumulative attenuation of optical cables (dB/km) per km (according
to relevant ITU-T recommendation, a=0.275 dB/km).
Power budget calculations are used to determine distance between regeneration
sections.
A-3
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
A.3 Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio

1. Noise Generation Principle
The optical amplifier also generates the light signals with broad bandwidth, called
amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). In a transmission system with several
cascaded EDFAs, like original signals, ASE noise of the optical amplifier can be
attenuated and amplified. As the entered ASE noise is amplified in each optical
amplifier and is overlapped on ASE generated by the optical amplifier, the total ASE
noise power is increased in proportion to the number of optical amplifiers. The noise
power might be more than the signal power.
ASE noise spectrum distribution is changed with system length. When ASE noise
from the first optical amplifier is sent to the second optical amplifier, the gain
distribution of the second optical amplifier will cause ASE noise due to gain saturation,
which will cause gain distribution change. Similarly, the valid gain distribution of the
third optical amplifier will also be changed. This effect will be transmitted to the next
optical amplifier towards downstream. Even the implementation of narrow-band filter
cannot avoid this noise, because the noise exists in the same band in which the
original signal exists.
The optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) is defined as:
OSNR =signal optical power per channel/noise optical power per channel
2. Transmission Restriction
ASE noise accumulation affects the systems OSNR, because the receiving signal
OSNR deterioration is mainly related to ASE beat noises. Beat noises are increased
linearly with the increase of optical amplifier number. Therefore, the error rate is
deteriorated together with the increase of optical amplifier number. In addition, noises
are accumulated as exponentially with the gain range of amplifiers.
As a result of optical amplifier gain, ASE noise spectrum with the accumulation of ASE
noises from multiple optical amplifiers will have a wavelength peak caused by the
spontaneous emission effect. It should be noted that in a closed full optical loop
network system equally to innumerable optical amplifiers are cascaded, ASE noises
will be infinitely accumulated. In the system with narrow band filters, the ASE
accumulation will be reduced due to the filter, but the in-band ASE will be increased
with the increase of optical amplifiers. Therefore, OSNR will be smaller for more
optical amplifiers.
3. Consideration of OSNR in DWDM Network Design
(Note: This section contains additional information. You may skip this section).
For different network applications, the OSNR requirements are more or less similar,
as given in Table A-1.
A-4
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Table A-1 Recommended OSNR values for different spans
Amplifier cascade type
OSNR (dB)
5 20 dB system (5 72 km)
20
20
20
OSNR is an important factor of DWDM system error performance. For a DWDM

system with multiple cascaded line optical amplifiers, the optical power of noises are
mainly controlled by the ASE noises of the amplifiers.
In the actual DWDM system, the different EDFA gain might cause different output
power per channel and different EDFA noise coefficient. Therefore, in designing,
OSNR of the worst channel should be considered to stretch the working limits.
A-5
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
A.4 Other Effects

The above three factors should be considered in DWDM networking. In addition,
many other factors might affect system performance, such as SBS (Stimulated
Brillouin Scattering), SRS (Stimulated Raman Scattering), SPM (Self Phase
Modulation), XPM (ex-Phase Modulation), FWM (Four-Wave Mixing), PMD (Polarized
Mode Dispersion) and PDL (Polarization Dependent Loss). The effect of these
parameters on the system is not significant and is not considered in network designing.
But in case of some unusual system response, these parameters should be checked
carefully.
A-6
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Technology Introduction
B.1 FEC
The optical wavelength conversion units have FEC (Forward Error Correction)
function or EFEC (Enhanced FEC) function.
In fact, the FEC technology is the error correction technology. The OTU adopts
Reed-Solomon Coding. It can correct eight bytes error at most in any location per 255
bytes, and has a fairly powerful capability of error correction. Due to redundancy
codes added, the digital rate is increased. All FEC employed in the OptiX BWS 1600G
is in compliance with ITU-T G.709 or G.975 recommendation and support the
processing of overhead comply with ITU-T G.709 recommendation.
The EFEC technology, compared with FEC, adopts much more predominant
encoding/decoding technology. Two-degree encoding/decoding can evenly distribute
the burst error code, and enable much more powerful error correction capability.
The FEC function can improve the OSNR budget of the DWDM transmission system
and increase the transmission distance. In addition, the FEC function can reduce bit
error rate in line transmission, and alleviate the bad effects on the signal transmission
quality caused by the aging components or deterioration of fiber performance, thereby
improving the communication quality of the DWDM transmission network.
B-1
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
B.2 SuperWDM
1. Introduction
SuperWDM is a transmission solution provided by Huawei DWDM products for

long-haul application. Super CRZ encoding is the core technology for SuperWDM
solution. It inherits all the features of RZ encoding and is enhanced with a unique
phase modulation capability. Therefore, the Super CRZ encoding is capable of
effectively suppressing the non-linear effects in transmission and improving the noise
tolerance capability.
With the SuperWDM technology, the OptiX BWS 1600G achieves ultra long haul
transmission in the absence of Raman amplification. Compared to NRZ encoding,
Super CRZ encoding widens its spectrum thus effectively suppressing the non-linear
effects in ultra long haul transmission. As a result, the linear transmission distance of
the DWDM system without REG is greatly extended to 2000 km.
2. Features
Improve the optical noise tolerance capability, increasing the receivers OSNR
tolerance by 3 dB (compared to NRZ encoding).
Effectively reduce the non-linear effects due to its adequate spectrum width and
special phase modulation technology.
Improve the transmission performance due to excellent clock jitter performance

and higher extinction ratio.
The application of SuperWDM technology in the system requires excellent

dispersion management.
B-2
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
B.3 Raman Amplification

Raman amplifier is an important application of SRS (Stimulated Raman Scattering).
Quartz fiber has a very broad SRS gain spectrum. It has a broad peak near the
frequency of 13 THz. If a weak signal and a strong pump light are transmitted in the
fiber simultaneously, and their frequency difference is within the range of Raman gain
spectrum, the weak signal beam can be amplified. The gain spectrum of fiber Raman
amplifier is shown in the Figure B-1.
Pump light
Gain
13THz(70 nm-100 nm)
30nm
Figure B-1 Raman amplifier gain spectrum
Fiber Raman amplifier is always used with the EDFA amplifier at the receiving end. It
adopts distributed amplification mechanism for extra long haul and extra long span
applications, as shown in Figure B-2.
Raman amplifier
Signal light
EDFA
Pump light
Fiber
Transmitting end
Pump light
Coupler
EDFA
Laser
Receiving end
Figure B-2 Raman amplification application in OptiX BWS 1600G system
Usually the optical fiber Raman amplifier is used at the receiving end of DWDM
system to amplify optical signals. Mainly composed of pumping lasers, the Raman
amplifier works in way of counter pumping.
B-3
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Note:
Counter pumping means the pump light is injected at the fiber end and the direction is
opposite to the main signals. This kind of pumping achieves a big phase difference
between the main signals and the pump light. And the Raman pump power vibration is
leveled in the direction reserved to signal transmission, thus effectively suppressing
the noise created by pump.
B-4
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Abbreviations
Explanation in English
ADM
Add and drop multiplexer
AGC
Automatic gain control
ALC
Automatic level control
ALS
Automatic laser shutdown
APE
Automatic power equilibrium
APS
Automatic protection switching
ASE
Amplified spontaneous emission
AWG
Arrayed waveguide grating
BA
Booster amplifier
BER
Bit error ratio
CLNS
Connectionless network service
CMI
Coded mark inversion
CPU
Central processing unit
CRC
Cyclical redundancy check
CRZ
Chirped return to zero
CSES
Continuous severely errored second
DCC
Data communication channel
DCF
Dispersion compensation fiber
C-1
OptiX BWS 1600G TM

Abbreviations
DCM
Dispersion compensation module
DCN
Data communication network
DDN
Digital data network
DFB
Distributed feedback
DSP
Digital signal processing
DSCR
Dispersion slope compensation rate
DWDM
Dense wavelength division multiplexing
ECC
Embedded control channel
EDFA
Erbium-doped fiber amplifier
EFEC
Enhanced forward error correction
ELH
Extra long haul
EMC
Electromagnetic compatibility
ETSI
European Telecommunication Standards Institute
FEC
Forward error correction
FWM
Four-wave mixing
GE
Gigabit Ethernet
GFF
Gain flattening filter
GUI
Graphic user interface
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
IPA
Intelligent power adjustment
ITU-T
International Telecommunication
Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector
LAN
Local area network
LCN
Local communication network
LCT
Local craft terminal
LD
Laser diode
MCF
Message communication function
MD
Mediation device
MPI-R
Main path interface at the receiver
MPI-S
Main path interface at the transmitter
C-2
OptiX BWS 1600G TM

Abbreviations
MQW
Multi-quantum well
NE
Network element
NF
Noise figure
NRZ
Non return to zero
OA
Optical amplifier
OADM
Optical add and drop multiplexer
OAM
Operation, administration and maintenance
OAMS
Optical fiber line automatic monitoring system
OD
Optical demultiplexing
ODF
Optical distribution frame
OEQ
Optical equalizer
OHP
Overhead processing
OLA
Optical line amplifier
OM
Optical multiplexing
OMS
Optical multiplex section
ORL
Optical return loss
OS
Operations system
OSI
Open systems interconnection
OSNR
Optical signal to noise ratio
OTDR
Optical time domain reflectometer
OTM
Optical terminal multiplexer
OTS
Optical transmission section
OTT
Optical tunable transponder
OTU
Optical transponder unit
PDH
Plesiochronous digital hierarchy
PDL
Polarization dependent loss
PIN
Positive intrinsic negative
PMD
POS
Packet Over SDH/SONET
C-3
OptiX BWS 1600G TM

Abbreviations
RS
Reed-Solomon
RTU
Remote test unit
QA
Q adaptation
SBS
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
SCC
System control & communication
SDH
Synchronous digital hierarchy
SLIP
Serial line internet protocol
SLM
Single longitudinal mode
SONET
Synchronous optical network
SPM
Self phase modulation
SRS
Stimulated Raman Scattering
STM
Synchronous transport module
Super CRZ
Super chirped return to zero
TCP/IP
Transport control protocol / Internet protocol
TDM
Time division multiplexing
TEC
Thermoelectric cool
TMN
Telecommunication management network
TTL
Transistor-transistor logic
XPM
Cross phase modulation
WDM
Wavelength division multiplexing
WS
Work station
C-4
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Index
Index
channel spacing, 1-6
chromatic dispersion, A-1
clock extraction, 1-10
clock protection
with clock signal add/drop, 5-9
without clock signal add/drop, 5-9
clock transmission, 4-11, 4-12
clock transmission channel, 1-8, 1-9, 4-11
communication protocol
F interface, 2-25
Q3/Qx interface, 2-24
Qecc interface, 2-25
Numerics
1:N (N8) OTU protection, 5-7
1+1 line protection, 5-3
1+1 optical channel protection
client-side protection, 5-5
inter-OTU protection, 5-5
intra-OTU protection, 5-4
1+1 power hot backup, 5-1
A
abbreviation, C-1
access capacity, 1-1
amplified spontaneous emission, A-4
AP4
application and description, 2-13
optical interface parameter, 6-55, 6-56
automatic level control
channel amount detection, 4-9
reference power, 4-9
working principle, 4-8
automatic power equilibrium, 1-11, 4-10
D
D40
parameter, 6-63
DCM
C-band parameter for G.652 fiber, 6-72
C-band parameter for G.655 LEAF fiber, 6-72
L-band parameter for G.652 fiber, 6-72
DGE
parameter, 6-70
dimension
cabinet, 2-2
subrack, 2-4
dispersion compensation, A-1
dispersion limitation, A-1
DSE
parameter, 6-70
DWDM network design
dispersion consideration, A-2
OSNR consideration, A-4
signal power, A-3
DWDM network main optical path, 6-8
B
board
power consumption, 6-2
weight, 6-2
C
cabinet
dimension, 2-2
overview, 2-1
weight, 2-2
centralized power protection, 5-1
channel allocation
C-band, 6-73
C-band with 12-channel for G.653 fiber, 6-76
C-band with 8-channel for G.653 fiber, 6-76
L-band, 6-75
E
EC8

i-1
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Index

electro-magnetic compatibility, 2-1, 6-77
electromagnetic safety standard, 6-77
EMC standard, 6-77
environment condition, 6-8
environment temperature monitoring, 1-11
erbium-doped fiber amplifier, 1-10
ETSI standard, 2-1
GFU, application and description, 2-19
low-speed service aggregation, 1-9

LQS
optical interface parameter, 6-54
LRF, application and description, 2-8
LRFS, application and description, 2-9
LRS, application and description, 2-9
LWC
LWC1
LWF
LWFS
LWM
LWS, application and description, 2-9
LWX
HBA
parameter, 6-30
M40
parameter, 6-62
MB2
parameter, 6-63
MCA
parameter, 6-70
MR2
parameter, 6-64
multi-channel spectrum analyzer, 1-12
MWA
parameter, 6-66
MWF
parameter, 6-66
F
fiber interface unit, 2-13
fiber management, 1-12
FIU
parameter, 6-68
FMU
parameter, 6-65
forward error correction, 1-7, 1-9, B-1
functional unit, 2-5
I
in-service monitoring, 1-11
intelligent power adjustment, 1-11, 4-9
interleaver unit, 2-13
ITL
parameter, 6-69
J
jitter suppression, 1-10
L
LBE
LBES
LDG
LGS
long hop, 1-7
N
network element type, 3-1
network management, 1-8
network management channel
backup by DCN, 5-12
interconnection, 5-12
protection, 5-11
network management system, 1-13
networking
chain, 4-2
point-to-point, 4-2
ring, 4-2

i-2
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Index
jitter generation, 6-61
jitter transfer characteristic, 6-60
list, 2-7
optical tunable transponder, 1-10
OPU
parameter, 6-28
OSC
OTT module parameter, 6-59
networking and application, 4-1
O
OAU
CG/LG parameter, 6-24
CR/LR parameter, 6-25
OAU05, parameter, 6-26
OBU
parameter, 6-27
OCP, application and description, 2-22
OCU
OCUS
OLP, application and description, 2-22
operation environment
air clarity, 6-84
biologic environment, 6-84
climate environment, 6-84
mechanical stress, 6-86
optical add/drop and multiplexing, 1-9, 2-13
optical add/drop multiplexer
configuration principle, 3-28
parallel OADM, 3-22
serial OADM, 3-21
signal flow, 3-21
typical configuration, 3-26
optical amplifier, 2-15
optical amplifier list, 2-15
optical automatic monitoring system
configuration plan, 4-15
monitor and test, 4-12
system architecture, 4-13, 4-16
optical channel protection, 5-3
optical demultiplexer, 2-13
optical equalizer
signal flow, 3-32, 3-33
structure, 3-34
optical equilibrium, 1-7
optical interface, 6-1
optical line amplifier
signal flow, 3-15
structure, 3-16
optical multiplexer, 2-13
optical multiplexer with VOA, 2-13
optical signal-to-noise ratio, 1-9, A-4
optical supervisory channel, 2-17
optical terminal multiplexer
functional unit and board, 3-3
signal flow, 3-2
optical transponder unit
input jitter tolerance, 6-61
P
PBU, application and description, 2-22
performance monitoring and adjustment, 2-18
power backup, 1-12
power backup unit, 5-1
power consumption of board, 6-2
power protection. see also power backup
mutual DC input protection, 5-1
power supply, 6-1
protection
equipment-level unit, 1-12
optical channel, 1-12
optical line, 1-12
protection mechanism, 1-12
protection unit, 2-21
R
Raman amplifier
parameter, 6-31
working principle, B-3
Raman fiber amplification, 1-10
regenerator
signal flow, 3-30
structure, 3-31
remote optical pumping amplifier, 1-7
RPA,application and description, 2-17
RPC,application and description, 2-17
RPL,application and description, 2-17
S
SC1, application and description, 2-18
SC2, application and description, 2-18
SCC, application and description, 2-23
SCE, application and description, 2-23
SCS, application and description, 2-22
service type, 1-7
signal power budget, A-3
storage environment
air clarity, 6-80
waterproof requirement, 6-79
subrack
dimension, 2-4

i-3
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Index
C 800G main optical path parameter for G.655, 6-14
C 800G networking capability, 4-4
C+L 800G ELH main optical path parameter, 6-11
C+L 800G main optical path parameter, 6-10
C+L 800G networking capability, 4-4
capacity increment, 1-7
OADM structure, 3-25
OLA structure, 3-16
OTM structure, 3-6
transmission capacity, 1-7
typical OADM configuration, 3-27
typical OLA configuration, 3-18
typical OTM configuration, 3-10
upgrade, 1-7
type III system
CRZ networking capability, 4-5
ELH transmission main optical path parameter, 6-17
G.653 fiber link networking capability, 4-5, 4-6
main optical path parameter, 6-16
main optical path parameter for 12-channel G.653
transmission, 6-19
NRZ networking capability, 4-5
OLA structure, 3-16
OTM structure, 3-7
type IV system
capacity increment. see type III system capacity
increment
main optical path parameter for G.653 transmission,
6-20
networking capability, 4-6
OLA structure, 3-16
OTM structure, 3-7
type V system
OLA structure, 3-16
OTM structure, 3-7
type VI system
10-channel main optical path parameter, 6-22
40-channel main optical path parameter, 6-23
OTM structure, 3-7
structure, 2-3
weight, 2-4
subrack structure
board area, 2-3
fan tray assembly, 2-4
fiber cabling area, 2-4
fiber spools, 2-4
front door, 2-4
interface area, 2-3
supervisory channel backup, 5-11
SuperWDM, 1-7, 1-10, B-2
system characteristic, 1-4
system classification, 1-4
system compatibility, 1-8
system control and communication unit, 2-22
system feature, 1-7
system software
board software, 2-25
NE software, 2-25
network management system, 2-26
system software architecture, 2-24
T
TC1, application and description, 2-18
TC2, application and description, 2-18
timing transporting unit, 2-17
TMX
TMXS
transmission restriction
dispersion limitation, A-1
OSNR limitation, A-4
transport environment
air clarity, 6-82
waterproof requirement, 6-81
TRC, application and description, 2-10
TRC1, application and description, 2-10
tunable wavelength, 1-10
TWC
type I system
OLA structure, 3-16
OTM structure, 3-5
upgrade, 1-7
type II system
C 800G main optical path parameter for G.652, 6-12

i-4
OptiX BWS 1600G TM
Index
V40, application and description, 2-14

VA4, application and description, 2-19
VOA, application and description, 2-19
WBA
parameter, 6-29
weight
cabinet, 2-2
subrack, 2-4

i-5

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1 Overview ........................................................................................................

1.1 Introduction to the OptiX BWS 1600G ....................................................

2 Product Description .....................................................................................

2.1 Cabinet ...................................................................................................

3 System Configuration ..................................................................................

3.1 OTM .......................................................................................................

3.2.3 Typical Configuration .....................................................................

4 Networking and System Applications ........................................................

4.1 Networking and Applications ..................................................................

5.1 Power protection ....................................................................................

5.3 Clock Protection .....................................................................................

6 Technical Parameters ...................................................................................

6.1 Optical Interfaces ...................................................................................

6.8.16 EC8 ..............................................................................................

A Measures in DWDM Network Designing ....................................................

A.1 Dispersion Limited Distance ..................................................................

B Technology Introduction .............................................................................

B.1 FEC ........................................................................................................

C Abbreviations and Acronyms .....................................................................

OptiX BWS 1600G

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

OptiX BWS 1600G

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

Copyright 2004 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

This manual is the first release.

The following is added:

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

OptiX BWS 1600G TM

About This Manual

About This Manual

OptiX BWS 1600G DWDM Backbone

Introduces the functionality, structure,

OptiX BWS 1600G DWDM Backbone

Introduces the hardware of the product,

OptiX BWS 1600G DWDM Backbone

Guides the on-site installation of the product

OptiX BWS 1600G DWDM Backbone

Introduces the routine maintenance basic

Introduces the analysis and troubleshooting of

OptiX BWS 1600G DWDM Backbone

Introduces the lists and processing of alarms

OptiX BWS 1600G DWDM Backbone

Contains all the above manuals in CD format,

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

OptiX BWS 1600G TM

About This Manual

Introduces the market target and the features of the

Introduces the mechanical structure, boards and the

Introduces NE composition and NE configuration of the

Introduces the NE architecture, system configuration

Introduces the protection mechanism of the OptiX BWS

Provides the technical specifications and indices of the

Introduces the measures in DWDM network designing.

Introduces some advanced technologies, such as FEC,

Introduces the abbreviations and acronyms mentioned

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

OptiX BWS 1600G TM

About This Manual

Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or useful

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

OptiX BWS 1600G TM