Abraham Harold Maslow was born April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York.

Maslow laid five layers of needs: the physiological needs, the needs for safety and security, the
needs for love and belonging, the needs for esteem, and the need to actualize the self, in that
order.
1. The physiological needs. It includes the needs for water, food and oxygen, etc. Since it

was first layer of the bottom, so it is the most basic and fundamental needs for human
beings. The teacher should observe and aware of the student subtle feelings.
2. The safety and security needs. Cherry (2014) expresses, Examples of security
needs include a desire for steady employment, health care, safe neighborhoods, and
shelter from the environment. But where the students will feel safest?
3. The love and belonging needs. This needs are social needs. So building a family,
attending a party or joining a club are ways of establishing relationships with other and
avoiding loneliness or isolation. The love should come from the teachers caring. The
belonging should come from the classmates.
4. The esteem needs. Maslow told us there are two kinds of esteem needs, a lower
one and a higher one. The lower one is the need for the respect and recognition from
others. The higher form is self-respect, such as confidence, achievement, mastery,
independence.
All of the preceding four levels he calls deficit needs, or D-needs. If you dont have
enough of something -- i.e. you have a deficit -- you feel the need.
5. Self-actualization: The needs to fully develop ones potentials. Truth, Goodness,

Beauty, Unity, wholeness, the more needs you achieved, the more you want to pursue
them, the motivation will increase as you achieve something.
He has called it growth motivation (in contrast to deficit motivation), being needs (or
B-needs, in contrast to D-needs), and self-actualization.