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May2016 Mech Hazards Machine Safeg Lect7 Latest
May2016 Mech Hazards Machine Safeg Lect7 Latest
May2016 Mech Hazards Machine Safeg Lect7 Latest
CDB 1012
Health, Safety & Environment
(Course Coordinator)
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1
Learning Outcome
Common Mechanical
Injuries
Lockout/Tagout Systems
Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Cu_QiVW9mM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4BbgwVJZYA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AFe_0tOgp7M
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mufutf53OYA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kk6OWeplbj8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nhBUF5VChZE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TBO_PXSby8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwg8rozgBBQ
OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
I. Physical
Hazards
III. Biological
Hazards
II. Chemical
Hazards
IV. Mechanical
Hazards
V. Psychological
Hazards
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MECHANICAL HAZARDS
A harmful or danger posing
situation that involves machines
mostly in a working environment
Mechanical Hazards
Definition
Mechanical hazards are those associated
INJURIES - DEFINITION
INJURY
Any harm, whatever illegally caused to any person in
body, mind, reputation or property
ASSAULT
An offer or threat or attempt to apply force to body of
another in a hostile manner
Straining and
spraining
Shearing
Common Mechanical
Injuries
Puncturing
Crushing
Breaking
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Basic types:
Rotating
Reciprocating
Transversing
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Machine Safeguarding
Classifications
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Guards
fixed
interlocked
adjustable
self-adjusting
Location/distance
Devices
presence sensing
Miscellaneous aids
pullback
awareness barriers
restraint
protective shields
safety controls (tripwire cable,
hand-feeding tools
two-hand control, etc.)
gates
Fixed Guard
Provides a barrier - a permanent part of the machine,
preferable to all other types of guards.
Limitations
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Safety Devices
Stop the machine if a hand or any part of the body is
inadvertently placed in the danger area;
Restrain or withdraw the operator's hands from the
danger area during operation;
Require the operator to use both hands on machine
controls, thus keeping both hands and body out of
danger; or
Provide a barrier which is synchronized with the
operating cycle of the machine in order to prevent
entry to the danger area during the hazardous part of
the cycle.
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Pullback Device
Utilizes a series of
cables attached to the
operators hands,
wrists, and/or arms
Primarily used on
machines with stroking
action
Allows access to the
point of operation when
the slide/ram is up
Withdraws hands when
the slide/ram begins to
descend
Safeguarding by Location/Distance
Locate the machine or
its dangerous moving
parts so that they are not
accessible or do not
present a hazard to a
worker during normal
operation
Maintain a safe distance
from the danger area
Robots
Machines that load
and unload stock,
assemble parts,
transfer objects, or
perform other tasks
Best used in highproduction
processes requiring
repeated routines
where they prevent
other hazards to
employees
Machine Safeguarding
Classifications
Guards
Fixed
Interlocked
Adjustable
Self-adjusting
Devices
Presence Sensing
Photoelectric
(optical)
Radiofrequency
(capacitance)
Electromechanica
l
Pullback
Restraint
Safety Controls
Safety trip control
Pressuresensitive body
bar
Safety tripod
Safety tripwire
cable
Two-hand control
Two-hand trip
Gates
Interlocked
Other
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Machine Safeguarding
Classifications
Location/Distance
Potential Feeding and
Ejection Methods
Automatic feed
Semi-automatic feed
Automatic ejection
Semi-automatic
ejection
Robot
Miscellaneous Aids
Awareness barriers
Miscellaneous protective
shields
Hand-feeding tools and
holding fixtures
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Machine Safety
Responsibilities
Management
ensure all machinery is properly guarded
Supervisors
train employees on specific guard rules in their areas
ensure machine guards remain in place and are functional
immediately correct machine guard deficiencies
Employees
do not remove guards unless machine is locked and tagged
report machine guard problems to supervisors immediately
do not operate equipment unless guards are in place
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Robot Safeguarding
The main hazards associated with robots are: (1)
entrapment of a worker between a robot and a solid
surface; (2) impact with a moving robot arm; and (3)
impact with objects ejected or dropped by the robot.
The best guard against these hazards is to erect a
physical barrier around the entire perimeter of a
robotss work envelope (the three-dimensional area
established by the robots full range of motion). This
physical barrier should be able to withstand the force of
the heaviest object the robot could eject
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Lockout
Placement of a lockout device on an energy
isolating device, in accordance with an
established procedure, ensuring that
energy isolating device and equipment being
controlled cannot be operated until lockout
device is removed
Lockout device
Device that uses a
positive means such as
a lock, either key or
combination type, to
hold an energy isolating
device in the safe
position and prevent the
energizing of a machine
or equipment
Blank flanges and bolted
slip blinds included
Tagout
Placement of tagout device
on an energy isolating device,
in accordance with an established
procedure,
to indicate that energy
isolating device and
equipment being controlled
may not be operated until
tagout device is removed
TAG-OUT/LOCK-OUT SYSTEM
OSHAS LOCK-OUT/TAG-OUT
SYSTEM
Energy control program: Organizations must
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OSHAS LOCK-OUT/TAG-OUT
SYSTEM
1. Requirements for lockout/tagout devices:
durable to withstand the environment to which they
will be exposed.
1. Employee training: provide initial training and
retraining as required and certify that necessary
training has been given to all employees
(authorized, affected and other).
1. Periodic inspections: At least annually, and
certify the inspections have taken place.
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OSHAS LOCK-OUT/TAG-OUT
SYSTEM ..CONT
4. Applications of controls and lockout/tagout
devices: follow appropriate procedure.
4. Removal of Locks or tags: follow appropriate
procedure.
4. Additional safety requirements: follow specific
procedure.
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EVALUATING LOCK-OUT/TAG-OUT
PROGRAMS
1. Are all machinery or equipment capable of
movement required to be de-energized or
locked out during cleaning, servicing, adjusting
or setup operations.
2. Are all equipment control valve handles
equipped with a means for locking out.
3. Does lockout procedure require that all stored
energy be released or blocked before the
equipment is locked out.
4. Are employees required to check the safety
lockout by attempting a startup after making
sure no one is exposed.
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EVALUATING LOCK-OUT/TAG-OUT
PROGRAMS.. CONT
5. After the safety is checked does the
employee again place the switch in the off
position.
6. Have employees been trained not to start
machinery if it has been locked out or tagged
out.
7. Are all workers notified when machinery or
equipment they usually use is shut down and
locked out for maintenance or servicing
purposes.
8. Before machine is activated are employees
notified.
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SUMMARY
1. The most common mechanical injuries
are cutting and tearing.
2. Safeguarding involves devices or
methods that minimize the risk of
accidents resulting from machineoperator contact.
3. OSHA standard for machine guarding is
29CFR 1910.212.
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SUMMARY
4. The best safeguard for a robot is a
barrier around the perimeter of its
work envelope.
5. Lockout/tagout is designed to
prevent injuries from the accidental
energizing of machines or equipment
while they are shut down for
maintenance or servicing.
6. When hazards or hazardous behavior is
observed corrective action should be
taken immediately.
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Thank you