ABSTRACT

A comprehensive environmental monitoring programme

should be required for major project as a part of their
life cycle, and the resultant information should be used
in environmentally responsible management and
decision making. Such management can be added by
specific data on various environmental media and other
natural and cultural resource features. Current
monitoring considerations are focused on the
implementation of mitigation source. Additional valid
Purpose of environmental monitoring are illustrated via
eight case studies. A targeted environmental
monitoring plan should use extent monitoring data and
coordinate with pertinent governmental monitoring
system. Programme planning and implementation
should delineate objectives related to the expected key
impacts, select pertinent variables, determine sampling
location and frequency and analytical requirements,
pre-develop management action, and schedule periodic
reporting.

INTRODUCTION
Every anthropogenic activity has some impact on the
environment. More often it is harmful to the
environment than benign. However, mankind as it is
developed today cannot live without taking up these
activities for his food, security and other needs.
Consequently, there is a need to harmonize
developmental activities with the environment concern.
Environmental impact assessment(EIA) is one of the
tool available with the planners to achieve the above
mentioned goal.
It is desirable to ensure that the development options
under consideration are sustainable. In doing so,
environmental consequences must be characterized
early in the project cycle and accounted for in the
project design.
Law requires that every project proponent must take
Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment
and Forests, New Delhi or SEIAAS before starting up any
project. The environmental clearance is also mandatory
for the expansion modernization or renewal projects.
The conditions are applicable as per the MOEF
guidelines and EIA notifications issued and amended
time to time. There are many acts / rules and
notifications issued by MOEF, New Delhi for keeping the
environment in and around projects sides congenial for

healthy/ better standard of living. Few of them are

mentioned below:1. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
2. Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.
3. Water (Prevention & control of pollution) Act, 1974.
4. Air (Prevention & control of pollution) Act, 1981.
5. Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
Notification, Dated 27th January, 1994.
6. Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
Notification, Dated 14th September, 2006.
7. Amendment to Environmental impact assessment
(EIA) Notification, Dated 01st December 2009.

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is defined as

a systematic identification & evaluation of the
potential impacts of the proposed projects, Plan,
Programmes of legislative actions related to the
physical-chemical, biological, cultural and socioeconomic components of the total environment.
The primary purpose of the EIA processed also called,
as the NEPA process is to encourage the
consideration of the environmental impacts &
planning and decision-making and to ultimately
actions, which are more environmentally compatible.
It is the evaluation of various impacts and the
resultant natural and induced changes, as simply and
precisely as possible, for optimising the development
to Vis-a-Vis the environment. By virtue of the EIA, the
patterns, directions, strengths and lags of the casual

relationships existing among all the relevant

variables are studied.
It also helps in the determination of additional project
components that may be required to restore,
maintain or extend the resources. EIA is useful for
decision making, as it is based on understanding the
environmental implications including social, cultural
and aesthetic concerns, which could be integrated
with the analysis of the project cost and benefits.
The sole purpose of environmental impact
assessment report is to assess the beneficial and
adverse impact of the project on the existing
environmental systems, components and to propose
appropriate pollution control measures to ensure a
secure, hale and hearty environment.

LITERATURE REVIEW
The Role for EIA was formally recognized at the earth
Submit held at Rio Conference in 1992. Principles 17 of
the Rio declaration states thatEIA is a national instrument shall be undertaken of the
proposed activities that are likely to significant adverse
impact on the environment and are subject to a
decision of a competent national authority
The environmental professional, vol. 15, No. 01,
1993 (Canter and L.W.) according to its based on
recent expansion in coverage of mining both risk
assessment (RA) and EIA studies should be required to

timely develop specific action to ensure to protect the

environment. This term firstly identified by Canter and
L.W. and Consist following are the benefits of EIA
process: 1. Encouragement of integrated thinking by the Inter
disciplinary teams conducting EIA studies.
2. The opportunity to focus on risk reduction activities
in mining.
3. Emphasis on emergency response measure in the
event of accident and associated environmental
perturbations.
Environmental impact assessment review, vol.
13, No. 05, September 1993 ( canter, L.W. and
Canty, G.A.) according to its a sequenced approach for
impact significant determination is described and such
issue include project type/size, project locations in
areas with protected or critical resources and
environmental stresses resulting from waste residual
from the project the uses of significance criteria
include:1. Identifying the impact that should be mitigated;
2. Planning a base line and post EIS,
environmental monitoring programme.
3. Documenting the interpretive rationale.

Environmental impact assessment review, vol.

15, No. 03, May 1995 ( Canter and L.W. And Weems
W.A.) it is a major changing review in environment
which consist the mitigation of wetland looses due to

development activities by mining. Such mitigation could

include avoidance, minimization, rectification, reduction
or compensation. If the first four measure is not feasible
then compensation is required. Its refers to a process
where a developer purchases a land area and a restore,
enhance or create plant or animal wetland habitat prior
to any mining development activities.
International journal of environmental studies,
Vol. 55, 1998 ( Harrington, J.M. and Canter, L.W.)
According to this journal the monitoring of impacts
resulting from proposed project has been included as a
component within the EIA process. This journal
summarizes several technical elements that should be
included in monitoring programme, the elements were
identified via published literature and the systematic
review of impact of mining activities on environment is
described.
International journal of environmental studies,
Vol. 56, 2001
( Edwards, A.J. and Canter, L.W.) This journal is mainly
focus on the animal grazing actions on federal lands
which is influenced by mining activities. This journal
highlights the potential negative environmental impacts
of livestock grazing on rangelands area.
Federal facilities environmental journal, Autumn,
2003 ( Rumrill, J.N. and Canter, L.W.) This journal gives
more improvement in the protection of environment by
mining with compare to other above EIA article. This
article present a CEA methodology that reduce some of
the environmental hazard by mining activities.

Environmental impact assessment review, Vol.

26, issue 5, 2006 ( Atkinson, S.F. , Canter, L.W. and
Ravan, M.D.) This Journal examines how the hard look
standard U.S. court. Environment clearance of large
projects from the environmental angle became an
administrative requirement to the extent that the
planning commission and the central investment board
sought proof of such a clearance before according
financial sanction.
In India many of the developmental projects till as
recently as the 1980s were implemented with very little
or no environmental concerns. The environmental
issues began receiving attention when a national
committee on environmental planning and coordination was set-up under the 4th five years plan
(1969-1978). Till 1980, thus subject of environment and
forests were the concern of the Department of Science
and Technology and Ministry of Agriculture respectively.
Later, the issue were formally Attend by the
Department of Environment which was Established in
1980. This was then upgraded to the Ministry of
Environment and Forest in 1985. In 1980, clearance of
large projects from the environmental angle became an
administrative requirement to the extent that the
planning commission and the central investment board
sought proof of such a clearance before according
financial sanction.
Five year later, the Department of Environment and
Forest, Government of India, issued guidelines for
Environmental assessment of river valley Projects.
These guidelines require various studies such a impacts

on forests and wildlife in the submergence zone, water

logging potential, of stream and downstream aquatic
ecosystem and fisheries, water related diseases,
climatic changes and seismicity.
The stages of an EIA process will depend upon the
requirements of the country or donor. However most
EIA processes have a common structure and the
application of the main stages is a basic standard of
good practise. The environment impact assessment
consists of mainly eight steps with each step equally
important in determining the overall performance of the
project. Typically, the EIA process begins with screening
to ensure time and Resources are directed at the
proposals that matter environmentally and ends with
some form of follow up on the implementation of the
decisions and actions taken as a result of an EIA report.

Project Proposal:
Any proponent embarking on any major
development project shall notify IAA in writing by
the submission of a project proposal. The project
proposal shall include all relevant information
available including all relevant information available
including a land use map in order for it to move the

next stage which is screening. The submission of a

project proposal signifies the commencement of the
EIA process.
Screening:
Screening is done to see whether a project requires
environmental clearance as per the statutory
notifications. At this stage, the project proponent
decides the type of project and also about requirement
of Environment Clearance. If required, the proponent
may consult IAA.

Scoping:
This stage identifies the key issues and impacts that
should be further investigated. This stage also defines
the boundary and time limit of the study.

Impact Analysis:
This Stage of EIA identifies and predicts the likely
environmental and social impact of the proposed
project and evaluates the significance. For every
project, possible alternatives should be identified and
environmental attributes compared.
Alternative should cover both project
location and process technologies. Alternative should
than ranked for selection of the best environmental
optimum economic benefits to the community at large.

Mitigation: This step in EIA recommends the actions

to reduce and avoid the potential adverse

10

environmental consequences of development activities.

And a proper environmental management plan (EMP)
should be made to guide the proponent towards
environmental improvements.

EIA Report:
An EIA report should be provide clear information to the
decision-maker on the different environmental
scenarios without the project, with the project and
provide information in logical and transparent manner.

Public Hearing:
After the completion of EIA report the law requires that
the public must be informed and consulted on a
proposed development after the completion of EIA
report.
The State Pollution Control Boards will conduct the
public hearing before the Proposals are sent to MOEF
for obtaining environmental clearance.
Decision Making:
It decides whether the project is rejected, approved or
needs further change accordance to EIA report.

11

Environmental Permits Required For

Mining Projects:
The principle Environmental Regulatory agency in India
is the Ministry of Environment and Forests (M0EF), New
Delhi, which accords environmental clearance. As
Perothe policies and legal framework, for a mining
industry following set of environmental approvals are
necessary:
Consent to establish by the State Pollution Control
Board (SPCB)
Environmental Public Hearing proceeding by the
SPCB;
Approval of Mining plan by the bureau of Indian
mines;
Site Clearance by the MOEF;
Environmental Clearance by the MOEF;
Forest Clearance by the M0EF, If project falls within
forest land; and
Consent to operate by the SPCB.

Procedure for Environmental Clearance

12

In modification to the Circular dated 12.02.2004 in

regard to the procedure for obtaining environmental
clearance in the case of mining project under the
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification,
1994 and amendments thereto, the following are to be
followed with immediate effect:

Applicability of EIA Notification 1994

The EIA Notification, 1994 as amended from time to
time shall include:
i.

ii.

Mining projects of major mineral with more than

5ha lease area, which have started production or
increased their production and/or lease area on or
after 27.01.1994.
In addition all mining projects of major minerals of
more than 5ha lease area which have so far not
obtained on environmental clearance under the
notification, 1994 shall do so at the time of renewal
of their lease in the context of the SC Judgement
dated 18.03.2004 in W.P. 4677/1985-M.C. Mehta Vs
UOI &Ors.
For grant of Environmental Clearance from the state
or Central Government, an application is to be
submitted to MOEF (at the centre) or department of
environment (DoE, at the state level), with the
following particulars:

Filled in Application Form;

NOC from the SPCB;
Summary Project Report(one copy);
EIA/EMP;

13

 Risk Analysis Report;

Comprehensive Rehabilitation Plan if more
than 1000 people are likely to be displaced,
otherwise only the summary plan; and
Commitment regarding availability of water and
electricity from competent state authorities.

Issues Pertaining To Routing/Forwarding

Of Proposal:
(i)
Routing
of
proposal
through
the
concerned
Central
Government/State
Government Department is a must with
reference to the following:
(a) The projects in respect of which an application
is being made to the Ministry of Environment &
Forests for Site/Environmental clearance for the
first time either for new lease area/expansion in
lease area and/or production or both or for
renewal of lease area.

(ai) Nodal Department for routing of

applications:
(a) The
nodal
Department
in
the
State
Government for routing of
Proposals of private sector companies is the
State Mines and Geology Department or the
Department that controls the Mines &
Geology/ Mineral Resources Dept./Division.

14

(b) Public Sector Projects should be routed

through their respective Ministries in the Central
Government.

(bi) The forwarding letter of the Central

Govt. Dept./State Govt. must clearly
indicate the following:
(a) Name of the proposal.
(b)Name of the Company.
(c) Location: village, Taluk/Mandal, District and
State.
(d)Details of lease area and production.
(e) Details of expansion from ....ha/tpa
....ha/tpa (if expansion in area and/or
production).

to
in

(iv)
If the application involves different leases of
the same company from the same area/region,
then a separate application for each lease has to
be made and the forwarding letter should also
preferably be for each separate application. In
case, the State Government forwards the
proposals in one composite letter, then the letter
must clearly specify the names of all the leases,
their location (village and District), lease area and
production capacity for each of the applications.

(v)
Routing of proposal is not required
for the following:
(a) If the project has already been accorded
environmental clearance once from MOEF
(after 27.01.1994) and is now again applying
for expansion (in lease area and/or production)
for the same project.
15

(b)IBM/Ministry of coal approval of the Mining

plan for the total lease area/project area as the
case may be has been obtained even if the
application is being made for the first time.

Issues Pertaining To EIA-EMP Report:

(a)
EIA-EMP Report based on data that is more
than 3 years old shall not be accepted by the
MOEF.
(b)
The EIA-EMP Report in the cover as well as in
the introduction Para must clearly state the rated
capacity and the period for which the study has
been made.
(c)
Environmental clearance will be valid only for
the rated capacity for which the EIA-EMP Report
has been prepared even if the project has IBM
approval for a higher rated capacity/production.
(d)
If the proponent has already obtained an
environmental clearance after 27.01.1994 and has
applied again for increase in production and/or
lease area within 5 years from date of obtaining
environmental clearance, then a Supplementary
EIA -EMP Report incorporating the essential issues
should be submitted to MOEF.
(e)
If there are several mining leases in the same
area located contiguous or adjacent to each other
or at a distance from each other, the EIA-EMP
Report should be prepared for the baseline data of
the lease area (core zone) and 10km study area
(buffer zone) around each mine separately for each
mine.

16

CASE STUDY
For the case study the Wolkem Ltd. Mine was taken to get
the required details of the environment and the studies
based on the environmental scenario.

General
Wolkem Ltd mine is a private Limited company, engaged in
the business of mineral mining. Mining lease hold area (ML
Area) measures 49.480 Ha, and Wollastonite, Calcite and
Feldspar minerals are being extracted from the area.
The worlds largest miner and producer of Wollastonite.
Indias leading miner and producer of Calcite and Wet
Ground Calcium Carbonate. The mineral Wollastonite is
being used in Ceramics, brake lining, paints, plastics and
wall-tiles and other industries as an important industrial
Mineral.The use of Calcite in acid neutralization, soil
conditioner and low hardness abrasives.
Wolkem a 100% family owned business was established in
1972 in Rajasthan in North-West of India. Having operations
in 4 countries and 20 mining and processing plants in 6
Indian states.

Location and communication

The KheratarlaWollastonite and Calcite mine is located
about 1km. west of village kheratarla, which is at a
distance of 35km. from the township of Sirohi road
(Pindwara). The mine is connected by 11kms long road to
NH-76 of Udaipur-Pindwara at Sai River Bridge.
Latitude

: 244529 N to 24 46 04 N

Longitude

: 73 09 56 E to 73 10 30 E

The deposits were located in an inaccessible mountainous

region inhabited by an uneducated tribe. The absence of
basic infrastructure like power, water, roads and skilled
work force did not deter Wolkem from staking its claim on
17

what was to emerge as one of the most important

Wollastonite deposits worldwide and Calcite deposits in
India.

Geology and Topography

The area has been geologically mapped by the Geological
Survey of India (GSI). They have classified the rocks into
Delhi Super Group and sub-divided into Alwar and Ajabgarh
formations and were found to be folded in form of a major
syncline and later introduced by Erinpura Granite.
The general topography of the area constitutes rugged hilly
terrain intervened by valleys.
The highest contour passes in the area is 855m above
mean sea level covering steep hill towards South Western
part of the area, where as the lowest contour of 696m
above mean sea level in the Nalla towards SE part of the
area.
Since in the area topography is very steep and the soil
cover ranges from 0.2m to o.5m except at the portion of
valleys where soil cover is as high as 2m to 3m.
The area is characterized by extreme climatic conditions
with very hot summer and severe winters. The maximum
temperature during summer that is March to June goes up
to 43-45 degree centigrade and the minimum
temperaturerecorded during winter is 0-1 degree
centigrade. The average rainfall in the area is 635mm.

18

Objectives
of
Environmental
Assessment Study

Impact

The main objectives of this study are listed below:

1.To identify, predict and assess the impacts of proposed
future mining operation on the environment.
2.Protect human health and safety.
3.Safeguard valuable resources, natural areas and
ecosystem components.
4.Ensure that sources are used appropriately and
efficiently.
5.Identify appropriate measures for mitigating the
impact of proposal.
6.To establish the baseline environmental scenario.

Reason for Preparing EIA

The EIA/Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is being
prepared to assess the impacts of the proposed mining
activity on the environmental quality and to plan
environmental control measures to mitigate the adverse
impacts.
The mine is fully diesel operated so its produce more
pollutant then Electric operated mine which is more
harmful to the environment. Some other factors of mine is
to be considered during preparing EIA are Noise Pollution,
Air pollution, Water pollution, Ground Vibration, Waste
Dump, Deforestation etc.

19

DATA COLLECTED:
The EIA study has been done for the Mine Lease (core
zone) and area within 10km periphery from ML area (buffer
zone), both of which comprise the Study Area of 10km.
1. Details of fauna (Wild and Domestic), flora.
2. Major Habitat.
3. Major industries.
4. Sensitive places/Historical monuments and
sanctuaries.
5. Land use pattern within core and buffer zone.
6. Demography and socio-economic on based
data.
7. Relevant Rainfall data for previous decade
from India Meteorological Department (IMD).
8. Study of present environmental protection and
mitigating measure in Nearby operating similar
projects (if any).
9. Geo-hydrological aspects based on available
data from various sources.
10. Identification of water bodies, hill, roads etc
within buffer zone.

Additional Studies/Points:
Hydrological & Hydro-geological study.
Bio-logical Study.
Preparation of R & R Plan.

20

Present Environmental Scenario:

Rainfall: Annual rainfall (2008-2015)
YEAR

RAINFALL at SIROHI (MINE

AREA)

2008

675.0 mm

2009

610.0 mm

2010

630.0 mm

2011

670.0 mm

2012

596.0 mm

2013

570.0 mm

2014

645.0 mm

2015

635.0 mm

Temperature: (YEAR 2015)

The monthly maximum and minimum temperature
recorded at site summarized in monthly avg. Maximum and
Minimum temperature.

Months

March

Temperature ( In degree centigrade)

Maximum

Minimum

32.4

21.6

21

April

35.3

25.9

May

44.8

36.2

Mean

37.5

27.9

Humidity:
The relative humidity is high during the monsoon generally
up to 65%. After the monsoon season humidity decrease
and during the winter season the air is fairly dry. However
the relative humidity remains approximately 40% in
summer season.

Wind speed:
Wind speed plays a dominant role in the dispersion of air
pollutants. The wind speed were found in the range
between 4km/hr to 26km/hr with average value of 17km/hr.

Schedule of sampling:
Air quality:- Quarterly all seasons other then monsoon.
Noise Sampling:- Quarterly all seasons other then
monsoon.
Water Quality:- Quarterly all seasons.
Soil Sampling: - Half yearly.

Air Environment:
22

The following air pollution parameters were monitored

during sampling periods.
1. Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM)
2. Suspended Particle Matter (SPM)
3. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
4. Oxide of Nitrogen

Procedure for determining various Air

Quality Parameter:
Parameters Testing Procedure
SPM

Gravimetric method using high volume air

samplers.

NOX

Absorption in dilute NaOH and NaAsO2,

treated with sulphanilamide and nepthyle
ethylene diaminedihydrochloride and
hydrogen peroxide and then estimated
colorimetrically (CPCB recommended method)

SO2

Absorption in sodium tetra chloro-mercurate

followed by colorimetric estimation using PRosaniline hydro-chloride and formaldehyde.

RPM

RespirableParticulate Matter sampler.

In brief the common sampling of ambient air was

performed with a gaseous attachment along with
Respirable dust sampler for drawing the air sample through
the impingers. Air is drawn at a measured and controlled
rate at 200ml/min. through an orifice-tipped impinge
containing solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium
arsenite. After completion the sampling, an aliquot of the
23

used absorbing solution was created with hydrogen

peroxide, sulphanilamide and NEDA.

Wolkem Industries Ltd., Kheratarla

Mines
Ambient air quality data from mine
S.
N.

Samplin
Result in (g/m)
g
Pre Monsoon(April)
Post Monsoon(Nov.)
Station

PM
10

PM
2.5

SO2

NO2

PM
10

PM
2.5

SO

NO2

Near
magazi
ne in
SW
directio
n

67.9 36.6 10.1 13.7 52.8 23.6 5.4 8.19

3
6
6
7
3
3
1

Mine
85.9 43.4 9.39 15.8 92.2 50.2 8.1 11.5
working 0
5
6
4
8
7
4
area
near
electric
tower

Near
social

63.7 35.9 10.8 15.2 58.1 33.9 5.9 8.90

9
9
9
3
7
8
3
24

forestor
y
4

Top of
khera
mine
office

66.4 33.9 10.1 12.4 67.9 33.8 8.7 10.3

1
4
8
3
6
8
9
3

Top of
guest
house
belka

63.7 42.2 9.31 11.6 62.3 39.8 6.2 7.25

8
5
1
9
0
0

Crushin
g plant

78.2 47.3 9.07 14.9 85.8 47.4 8.6 12.6

8
0
5
1
5
8
3

National ambient air quality standards:

S.NO.

Pollutant

CPCB Norms
(g/m) In
Industrial,
Residential, Rural
& Other area

1.

PM 10

100

2.

PM 2.5

60

3.

SO2

80

4.

NOX

80

25

From above observed result it is concluded that the level of

air pollutants within the standards for residential and rural
areas.

Air Quality Control Measures:

Wet drilling is regularly done and will further continue.
Water spraying is regularly done on road, dumps, mining
pits and will continue.
Afforestation and green belt developed will also control air
quality.
Regular monitoring for air quality is done.

Noise:
Noise Level:-The noise level measurements have been
made at 13 locations within the study area. All the
monitoring stations were located in the below:S.NO Location
.

Noise level in dB
Measured value

Permissible
limit
26

Day

Night

Day

Night

Mine face east

71.10deposit at the
73.90
quarry edge point

51.6054.80

75

65

Close to crushing
plant

62.2064.80

49.8052.90

70

65

OB dumps

55.7059.20

42.6045.20

60

55

Office at colony

52.3055.10

42.6045.20

55

45

Near Belkapahar
mine 1km away

48.9051.30

40.9043.90

50

45

Near NichlaKhera

52.7055.20

42.6045.20

55

50

Near Gharat

52.6054.40

44.1047.20

60

50

Near Jack
Hammer Drilling
in work area

82.2084.40

Not in 95
operat
ion

Near wagon drill

drilling process

80.5082.80

Not in 95
operat
ion

10

Near loharcha

50.8052.60

43.3047.60

60

50

27

The noise level was found to be in limit for various timing in

day and night.
Day: 6 A.M. to 10 P.M.
A.M.

Night: 10 P.M. to 6

Waste Dumping:
Year wise waste rock generate and dumping done outside
the ML area on revenue land.
S.
N.

Year

OB in
cum.

25%
increa
se OB
in

RL of
dump

Length Heig
of
ht in
dump met
er

Volu
me

28

cum.
1.

First
Year

3300
06

41250
8

(20132014)

Sub Total

41250
8

2.

28448
8

Second 2275
Year(20 90
142015)

Sub Total

28448
8

3.

39938
1

Third
3195
Year(20 05
152016)

Sub Total
Total

700710

200

4100
0

710720

375

8.5

2868
75

720722

375

9750
0
4253
75

722728

375

2925
00

2925
00

728730

375

9750
0

730735

375

3112
50

39938
1

4087
50

8774 10963
13
77

1126
635

29

Land Use:
Land use of the mining lease area at different stages of
mining:At the
beginnin
g of the
mining

Area
(ha)

Within
49.48
ML Forest

Outside
ML with
in forest

Total Land

4.65

During life of mining

Area (ha)

Mining with road

38.33

Dumping of
overburden

8.61

Mineral & sub grade

stack

2.04

Infrastructure with in
ML

0.5

Sub Total

49.48

Infrastructure outside 1.2

ML but within
diverted forest
Road outside ML but
within diverted forest

3.45

Sub Total

4.65

Total

54.13

30

Water Resources:
Physico Chemical analysis of water in core zone and
buffer zone:locatio Particular
n

Colour

pH

(Haze
n unit)

TDS

TSS

Total

Ca+2 Clin

(ppm) (ppm) Hardne

ss

(pp
m)

(ppm)
Desirable

6.5
to
8.5

500

300

75

250

10

2000

600

200

1000

W-2

<5

8.5
1

576

316

51.6

82

W-5

<5

8.9
5

472

10

345

80.80 142

W-9

<5

7.4
6

456

144

56.60 58

W-10

<5

7.4
9

482

268

98.40 68

W-11

<5

7.6
7

556

196

82.30 54

Limit
Permissibl
e

31

Location Detail: W-2

Loharcha Village.

Drinking water from

W-5 Surface water from

BujeshwarNallaha.
W-9 Well near UparlaKhera.
W-10
office.
W-11

Abandoned Tube well at Mine

Well water from khera village.

Water Quality:
To evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics
of the water resources existing in the study area, water
samples from surface and ground water sources were
collected during the summer season and characterized for
physic-chemical parameters.

Ground water quality:

The test for ground water shows that all the
parameters are well within the desirable limits, except the
dissolved solids (TDS) and Total Hardness of the ground
water exceeds the desirable limits but are well within the
respective permissible limits. The water is suitable for
drinkingand other purposes.

Surface water quality:

The surface water characteristics of the study area
indicate that these are not suitable for use as a portable
32

water. The pH of the surface water varies from 8.7 to 8.9 in

two surface water samples. On comparision with the
drinking water standards the analysis of the water samples
shows:
Colour, odour, taste and turbidity are within desirable
limits and unobjectionable.
pH value varies between 7.4 to 8.2 for the collected
samples. Two surface water samples show pH
exceeding the desirable limits.
Chloride within the desirable limit.
Total hardness in two samples are exceeds the
desirable limit.
Dissolved solids within the desirable limits.
Calcium in all samples is within the desirable limits.
Flouride , arsenic, nitrate, sulphate, iron are present in
very less limit.

33

Ecology:
Wild life sanctuary: Mines area was declared a wild life sanctuary in 1980. No
national park and elephant reserve exits in mines area.
Flora: The mine lease hold area is having same natural
vegetation except some scanty bushes. It is very reach in
floral bio-diversity starting from xenomorphic sub-tropical
thorn forests in the foot hills to sub-tropical evergreen
forests along priyen water courses and valleys at higher
altitudes. The place is also reach in bryophytes and algae.
All species of the plants and fauna found in the study area
were recorded. The details are as under:
S.
No.

Local name

Scientific name

Family

1.

Babool

Acacia nilotica

Mimosaceae

2.

Bar

Ficusbengalenbsis

Urticaceae
34

3.

Khejri

Prosopis cineraria

Mimosaceae

4.

Vilatibabool

Prospisjuliflora

Mimosaceae

5.

Peepal

Ficusreligiosa

Urticaceae

6.

Neem

Azadiracstaindica

Meliaceae

7.

Sheesham

Dalbergiasissoo

Adhashishi

Xanthium strumarium Comopsitae

9.

Akra

Calotropisprocera

Asclepiadace
ae

1o.

Arusa

Adhatodavasica

Acanthaceae

11.

Bapchi

Ocimumamericanum

Labiaceae

12.

Bekaria

Indigoferacordifolia

Papilionaceae

13.

Bor

Zizyphusnummularia

Rhamnaceae

14.

Bui

Aruatomentasa

Amaranthace
ae

15.

Dandathor

Euphordianivulia

Euphorbiseea
e

16.

Dhanasa

Tephrosiatuepurea

Caesalpiniace
ae

17.

Jhojhar

Cropolariamebicogeni Papilionaceae
a

18.

Kentali

Solanumxanthcrpum

Solonactae1

19.

Satyanasi

Argemone Mexicana

Papavaracea
e

20.

Unthkateli

Ehchinopsechinatus

Compositae

21.

Bhurat

Cechruscatharticus

Graminae

------

35

22.

Chiribajra

Eragrospis species

Graminae

23.

Bhiribzara

Sporobolusioclados

Graminae

24.

Dab

Desmostachyabipinan Graminae
ti

25.

Kuri

Digitariacrucita

Graminae

26.

Lapla

Aristatiada species

Graminae

27.

Suraval

heteopogoncontortus

Graminae

Fauna:
Irrespective of its unfriendly terrain, Rajasthan gives shelter
to a variety of animals and birds. They live in smaller herds
and thrive mainly on wild grasses and various type of
shrubs. The Nilgai are abundant on the open planes and in
the foothills on the Aravalli. The blue cow is actually not a
cow it is an antelope, the largest in India. The mining lease
area is located at undulating terrain and hillock. This area
is relatively calm and there is no source of high noise level.
It was found a variety of animal inhabited this area.
S.NO.

Common name

Latin name

36

1.

Babbler, common

Turdoidescaudatus

2.

Babbler, jungle

Turdoidescaudatus

3.

House crow

Corvussplendens

4.

Sparrow, Indian house

Passer domesticus

5.

Shrike, grey

Laniusexcubitor

6.

Shrike, baybacked

Laniusvittatus

7.

Parakeet, roseringed

Psittaculakrameri

8.

Partridge, grey

Francolinuspondiceria
nus

9.

Jungle cat

Falischaus

10.

Nil gai

Boselaphustragocame
lus

Mitigation Measures Of Environment in

Kheratarla Mine:

Air quality mitigation measure in mine: As already indicated the ground level concentration SO 2,
NO2, PM10, PM2.5 are well within limit. For dust
suppression primarily water spraying would be adopted.
For drilling equipment dust collection system would be
provided. For blasting NONEL system adopted. The
proposed crusher would be housed in an enclosed building
37

with bag filter resultant effective dust control at sources. In

addition to the above the following measures would be
adopted in kheratarla mine.
Regular water spraying haul roads, crusher hopper.
Use of wetting agents in water.
Stabilization of waste dump.
Crusher stack emission shall be maintained bellow
50mg/Nm3
Transport vehicles should be maintained leak proof.
A proper development of Green belt should be carried
out.

A proper dust barrier made and plantation should be

carried out.

Mitigation Measure of water in

kheratarlaMine:
Surface water:
No impact on the surface water resources is envisaged. The
water regime in the region is controlled only by monsoon
rain. The water accumulate in the excavated area but the

38

water percolates into the sub-surface making the area dry

after sometimes.
Ground water:
The ground water table is 677.2mRL in pre monsoon
season. In the monsoon season the ground water level may
increase by 15-20m and GWL becomes 690mRL. The post
monsoon GWL is generally 683mRL. Also, water for various
uses in the mine would be taken from mine sump. There
may be impact on the ground water resources in the area
due to the mining activities. On the contrary, mines pit
after complete working will act as surface water reservoir
for rain water harvesting and will also help in ground water
recharge.
There would be not be any impact of mining on the ground
water resources of buffer zone as the low hydraulic
conductivity and would not have any influence on the
buffer zone which is already an over exploited zone.

Control measure of water in kheratarlaMine:

To prevent surface and ground water contamination by
oil/grease, leak proof containers would be used for storage
and transportation of waste oil/grease. In the store also the
containers of appropriate capacity containing oil/grease
waste would be used to avoid oil/grease spillage on the
ground. The floors of storage areas would be kept
effectively impervious. The seasonal nallas were not
disturbed and proper diversion channel should be
constructed at appropriate place and mining is proposed to
above the water table.

Mitigation measure of Noise level and

Ground vibration:
39

The following measure would be adopted for the control of

noise level and ground vibration: -

Deployment of labour and machinery at adequate

distance.
Regular preventive maintenance of machinery.
Provision of closed building of crushing unit.
Blasting only during day time
Proper blasting parameter used.
Controlled blasting by using NONEL.
Ground vibration monitoring will be carried out
regularly.
Secondary blasting would be completely avoided.
Secondary breaking with the help of hydraulic Rock
breaker.
Equipments with permissible noise level would be
procured.
Provision of protective devices like earmuff/earplug.

40

Mitigative measures for Ecological factors

Total forest land covering 49.480 Ha is the part of the lease
hold area. Maximum of the waste land and part of the
forest land is envisaged to be degraded due to the project.
The generation of fugitive dust and airborne dust are
controlled at source. Settling of dust over the crop land or
vegetation in the surrounding buffer zone would also
consist. Due to sparse vegetation in the surrounding area,
there is insignificant fauna in the immediate vicinity;
hence, no adverse impact is anticipated.

Fauna
A variety of fauna, including highly rare threatened and
endangered species are found in the kheratarla mines area.
In mines earlier days mainly lion and tiger presence in that
area. Presently the leopard is the apex predator. And other
animals found in mines areas was sambhar, jungle cat,
small Indian civet, wolf, hyaena, jackal, Indian fox, common
languor, wild boar, bear, pangolin, common mongoose,
Indian hare, porcupine and hedgehog. A proper sanctuary
should be provided to these above animals for protect
them. The sanctuary provides an ideal habitat for the sloth
bear too.

Flora
There are a lot off variety of species were found in
kheratarla mine lease hold area. Some of them are like
babool, bar, khejri, peepal, aakra, bapchi, bekaria.
Vilatibabool, sheesham, arusa, dhanasa, jhojhar, lapla etc.
We should be used less harmful equipment to protect these
above mentioned flora. Waste water of mine should be
proper cleaned before discharge into outside the mine and
a proper drainage system should be carried out. A proper
41

fertilizer or other system should be done to protect the

degradation of land. Waste of mine should be discharge at
proper place and plantation also carried out above the
waste disposal.

Control measures for waste dump:

Construction of retaining wall at the toe of the dump

should be made which prevent the flow of finer size of
material with water to nallas.
Rock drain should be constructed at the floor level in
the nallas which would allow free flow of water
underneath the dumps and clear filtered water will
flow into nallas.
Water diversion channel along the side of nalla would
be constructed so that during heavy rains the speed
of water may not cause erosion of dumps.
Terracing of dump would increase the stability of the
dump and dump failure can be minimised.
Construction of horizontal and vertical water drains on
the periphery of the dump and over the surface dump
would allow free flow of water and could not cause
any erosion.
Slope of the dump not to exceed 40 degree so as to
avoid dump failure.

42

 Stabilisation of dump by afforestation would reduce

the erosion of dumps.

To reduce the speed of water to flow at the top of

dump construction of check dams has been done filter
bed is maintained regular cleaning of silts proposed to
allow free flow of water from the rock drain.
To construct check dam and siltation tank at the outlet
of the dumps so as to allow the silts to settle down in
the siltation tank and only clean water is discharged in
the nallas.

Afforestation programme for protection of

forest and environment: We are proposing the afforestation of trees once the dump
matures the tress afforested should be maintained. Slope
should be stabilized by grass plantation over the slopes. In
the waste dump it is proposed to do afforestation over
slopes by transplanting grasses and creepers and also by
seedling during rains. This will reduce the erosion and
stabilize the dumps.
After rains the dumping would continue even over the
already stabilized dump and therefore the grasses creepers
planted may not grow further.

43

Afforestation programme should be carried out both within

mining lease area and outside mining lease area. And total
proposal comes with add of above these two areas.

PROPOSED
Year

Locati
on

ACHIEVED

Are No.
a
Of
plan
( in
ts
Ha.
)

Speci Survi
es
val

2015 E
-

0.5
0

850

2016 F

0.3
0
0.9
0

G1
SUB
TOT
AL

Are No.
a
Of
plan
( in
ts
Ha.
)

Speci Survi
es
val

10-15 80

0.4
0

200
0

15

90

415

10-15 80

0.2
5

320

14

74

125
0

10-15 80

1015

0.6 232
5
0

15

82

1.7 251
0
5

in %

80

in %

Measure for socio-economic benefits for

local population: 44

In the area where cultivation is little and employment

opportunities presently are very much limited. With starting
of mining activities the local people have a lot of direct and
indirect employment avenues opened up. The direct
employment opportunities in the mine and also secondary
employment providing services to the employed
manpower. Thus the local people will enjoy the economic
upliftment.
In addition to the above the following activities would be
followed: 1. This mine provides employment to the tribal people in
mining processing and machinery operation. The
workers are imparted training also
2. Management provides housing and transport facilities
to all the employer and employee.
3. Management maintain medical officer along with
compounder and nurse and ambulance van to take
care of workers and surrounding population.
4. Rural / village and community welfare.
5. literacy awareness, support to schools etc.

45

v
46

47