I.

.

.

.


.
.
II.

III.

..
...
..

IV.
V.

I.

..

(

)
Hydraulic Cement

(CaO) (SiO2) (Al2O3)

(Fe2O3)

Jonh Smeaton

Eddystone Light House Cornish

(Hydraulic lime)

1450

(Wet process/Voie Sche)

(
)

35 50%

220kg


1

125 1

( )

CO2
(
3 25mm ) Clinker


1650C
Raw materials

CaO
70% - 80%

(SiO2; Al2O3; Fe2O3; MgO)

20% - 30%

raw meal

12

1kg 1,1x10 particles

CaO

77%

CaO

14%

CaO

3,5%

CaO

1~2%

CaO

1%

CaO

60-67%

SiO2

17-25%

Al2O3

3-8%

Fe2O3

0,5-6%

Fe

H2O
SO3

2-3,5%

H
S

2570C

1750C

2050C

Clinker

3CaO. SiO2

C3S

10,8

2CaO. SiO2

C2S

54,1

3CaO. Al2O3

C3A

16,6

4Cao. Al2O3. Fe2O3

C4AF

9,1

..


I

II

III
IV

V

5%
I

Clinker 95%

II (Eurocode)

CEM II/A CEM II/B

Clinker

()

CEM II/A Clinker80% - 94%

6% 20%



10%

CEM II/B
Clinker 65% - 79%

21% 35%

III

1 300kg

40% - 50%
30% - 40%

8% - 18%

0% - 8%

CEMIII/A

Clinker

35% - 64%

35% - 6 %

CEMIII/B

Clinker

20% - 34%
66% - 80%

CEMIII/C

Clinker

5% - 19%

81% - 95%

IV

CEM IV

CEM IV/A

Clinker 65% - 90%

= 10% - 35%

CEM IV/B

Clinker 45% - 64%

36% - 55%

V


CEM V

CLC CEM V/A

Clinker 40% - 64%

18% - 30%

18% - 30%

CLC CEM V/B

Clinker 20% 39%

31% - 50%

31% - 50%

CPA CEM I
Clinker C3A 10%
CPJ CEM II/A
CPJ CEM II/B
CHF CEM III/B
CLK CEM III/C
CLC CEM V/A
CLC CEM V/B

CPA
CLK
CHF
CLC

PM

4MPa
6MPa
8MPa
10MPa
14MPa
19MPa

15

28

1 45
2 45

pH 11,8

(-10 C)

Clinker

< 0,3% Clinker

C3S
C2S
C3A
C4AF
SO3
Alkalis

51
26
11
1
2,6
0,25

(Specific gravity) : 3,05 ~ 3,10

: 400 ~ 450m2/kg

(Mass specifique dun ciment)

250cm

(kerosene)
v0

m0

v 1
m1

:

(kerosene)
20C0,2C

m1 m0
v1 v0

(Mass volumique dun ciment )

1 dm3 = 1

( )

alcool 0,9kg / dm3

M0

70

M1

II.

:

:

( )

(


)

(


)

(
)

<0,2

<0,2

<0,5

<0,2

<0,5

<1

<0,1

<0,1

<0,1

(SO3)

<0,1

<0,1

<0,1

<0,01

<0,1

<0,1

<0,1

<0,1

<0,1

<0,1

<0,05

<0,05

<0,05

<0,01

<0,01

<0,01

III.

Los Angeless

Los Angeless :
LA < 40
fcC28 > 36 MPa
LA < 30
25 < LA < 35

( micro Deval )

MDE < 20

FS < 60
FS < 40 fC28 > 36 MPa

FS < 20 fC28 > 30 MPa

:
.

( Quartz )/ ( Corindon )/ ( Carborundum )/

)
( Module de finesse / Finess Modullus )

. - . - . - . - . - - - -

D = 0,16

= 93 %

D = 0,315

= 81 %

D = 0,63

= 57 %

D = 1,25

= 27 %

D = 2,5

= 8%

D = 5 mm

= 0%

( Aggregates / Granulates )
Aggregates

I.

( Classes granulaires )

mm

 Tamisat
refus

d/D

d D

d

D
d / D

. d > 2 mm (d/D)

< 15 %
D > 1,58 d
D :
< 20 % D < 1,58 d

0.63 d :

< 15% D > 1,58

d

< 20% D < 1,58

d

. d < 2 mm (d/D)

% %

. D

 ( fillers )

2 mm > 99 %

0,125 mm > 80 %

0,053 mm > 70 %

( gravillons ) d/D : d > 2 mm D < 31,5 mm

( garves ) 0/D : 6,3 < D < 80 mm

( ballast ) : d > 25 mm

D < 50 mm

6,3 ; 10 ; 0,315 ; 1,25 ; 31,5 ; 63 80 mm

gravier
gravel

G
f 1, 58
E

A 30%

> 36 MPa > 60 MPa

A 20% D > 10 mm

A 25% D > 10 mm

. %

P1 = 2525 g

P2 = 2480 g

p P1 P2 2525 2480 45 g

p
45

x100 18%
P2 2480

(



)

1,5%

3% ( )

D 16mm

25 D 40mm

0,55

0.60

0,65

0,45

0,50

0,55

0,35

0,40

0,45

IV.

D 63mm

(Plastifiant rducteur deau)

0,3% 0,5%

5% 10%


W

(Super plastifiants hautement rducteur deau)

15% 25%

kg/m

Superplasticizers

 - MPa

Superplasticizer

Superplasticizer

370kg/m

Slump



( III )

Superplasticizers

C3S

Superplasticizers

Superplasticizers

Superplasticizers

(Rtenteur deau)

(Entraineur deau)

80%
100

4 5

200

2
6% 4%




0/25 mm (
8 10 cm )

(Acclerateur / Accelerating Admixture)

:
Alcalis

:

(Retardateurs / Retarding)

V.

(Concrete mix design)

fc28 = 30MPa
fc = fc28 + 15% = 30 + 15 = 34,5MPa
A = 5cm

32,5
28 fc28 = 48MPa

f c Gf RC (

C
0,5)
E

C
E

D
(D16mm)

(25mmD40mm)

0,55

0,60

0,45

0,5

0,55

0,35

0,4

0,45

G 0,5 G
34,5 = 0,5 48 (

C
0,5)
E

C
1,94
E

C 375kg / m3

(D63mm)
0,65

:
C
1,94
E

375
195
1,94

E 195 litres

D = 20mm
(Mf = 2,71) Mf = 2 3 A


Y 50 D K :

D 20

10mm
2
2
D
X
2

( 41)

A
Y 50 D K

C = 375 kg K -2
Mf = 2,71 :
Ks = 6Mf 15 = 6 2,71 15 = +1

Y = 50 5 2 + 1 = 44%

5%

: 36%
:

64%

(D = 20 )

3
1m = 1000
0,825

Vc VS VG 825l
mc = 375kg
dc = 3,1 kg/l
Vc

mc
375kg

121l
vc 3,1kg / l

VS VG 825l 121l 704l

36%vS 64%vG 100%

C = 375kg

W = 195l

S = 36% = 253 = 0,253m3 = 643kg = 0,41m3 = 410 = 20,5

G = 64% = 451 = 0,451m3 = 1182kg = 0,81m3 = 810 = 20,5