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Multiple Choice Question: Electronics & Communication Engineering
Multiple Choice Question: Electronics & Communication Engineering
Multiple Choice Question: Electronics & Communication Engineering
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
1.1
BASIC CONCEPTS
20
the sphere is
(A) 160.2 C
(B) -160.2 C
(C) 16.02 C
(D) -16.02 C
(A) 1 A
(B) 2 A
(C) 3 A
(D) 4 A
(B) 75 C
(C) 1500 mC
(D) 1.5 C
60 V
20 W
100 V
Fig. P.1.1.6
(B) 2 A
(C) 3.33 mA
(D) 0.3 mA
(A) 240 V
(B) 120 V
(C) 60 V
(D) 30 V
3 V is
(B) 360 J
(C) 40 J
(D) 2.78 mJ
voltage source E is
0V
+
(A) 25 mJ
2V
5. i = ?
5V
4V
1A
1V
10 V
2A
5A
Fig. P.1.1.7
3A
4A
Fig. P.1.1.5
(A) -16 V
(b) 4 V
(C) -6 V
(D) 16 V
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3
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
Networks
12. v1 = ?
v1
value of voltage v1 is
1 kW
7V
+ 105 V
15 V +
55 V
+ v1
8V
35 V
5V
6V
kW
100 V
10 V +
+
65 V
kW
30
30
4 kW
Fig. P1.1.12
Fig. P.1.1.8
(A) -30 V
(B) 25 V
(C) -20 V
(D) 15 V
(A) -11 V
(B) 5 V
(C) 8 V
(D) 18 V
voltage vo is
5W
+
vo
4W
+
vo
1A
15 V
5V
Fig. P1.1.11
Fig. P.1.1.9
(A) 10 V
(B) 15 V
(C) 20 V
(A) 1 V
(B) 5 V
(C) 9 V
14. Req = ?
5W
10 W
10 W
10 W
10. R1 = ?
60 W
Req
10 W
10 W
10 W
up to
R1
100 V
R2
+
20 V
70 V
Fig. P1.1.14
Fig. P.1.1.10
(A) 11.86 W
(B) 10 W
(C) 25 W
(D) 11.18 W
15. vs = ?
(A) 25 W
(B) 50 W
(C) 100 W
(D) 2000 W
180 W
+
60 W
vs
Page
4
(B)
90 W
6
W
5
(D) 6 W
40 W
20 V
Fig. P.1.1.15
(A) 320 V
(B) 280 V
(C) 240 V
(D) 200 V
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180 W
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
Networks
28. vab = ?
2
8
b
0.3i1
A
2
0.2i1
i1
i
v
Fig. P.1.1.24
(A) 18.4 mW
(B) 9.2 mW
(C) 16.6 mW
(D) 8.3 mW
Fig. P.1.1.28
(A) 15.4 V
(B) 2.6 V
(C) -2.6 V
(D) 15.4 V
500 W
400 W
ix
20 A
200 W
2ix
40 V
12 V
C
Fig. P.1.1.29
Fig. P.1.1.25
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 7
the load RL is
i1
5W
RL = 2 W
2i1
1W
1V
v1
20 V
v1
5
5W
Fig. P.1.1.26
(A) 2 W
(B) 4 W
(C) 6 W
(D) 8 W
Fig. P.1.1.30
27. vo = ?
(A) delivers 80 W
(B) delivers 40 W
(C) absorbs 40 W
(D) absorbs 80 W
5W
+
v1 0.3v1
8W
+
v2
5v2
18 W
+
vo
+ 8V
ix
Page
6
(A) 6 V
(B) -6 V
(C) -12 V
(D) 12 V
2ix
4A
Fig. P.1.1.27
Fig. P.1.1.31
(A) supplies 16 W
(B) absorbs 16 W
(C) supplies 32 W
(D) absorbs 32 W
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Basic Concepts
Chap 1.1
voltage is
(A) 0.75 mF
(B) 1.33 mF
(C) 0.6 mF
(D) 1.67 mF
i(mA)
5
Fig. P. 1.1.36
(A) 0.10 J
(C) 5 10
t(ms)
(B) 0.05 J
-9
(D) 10 10
-9
v
50m
t(ms)
(A)
(B)
t(ms)
v
50m
250m
i(mA)
t(ms)
(C)
t(ms)
t(ms)
(D)
Fig. P. 1.1.34
v
37. Ceq = ?
v
10
10
t(ms)
(A)
2.5 mF
t(ms)
1.5 mF
(B)
1 mF
Ceq
0.2
0.2
t(ms)
(C)
2 mF
t(ms)
(D)
Fig. P.1.1.37
(A) 3.5 mF
(B) 1.2 mF
capacitor is
(C) 2.4 mF
(D) 2.6 mF
v
6
t(ms)
Fig. P.1.1.35
i(mA)
6
C2
C2
C2
C2
i(mA)
600
vin C1
iin
1
t(ms)
C1
C1
C1
60 mF
t(ms)
(A)
(B)
i(mA)
6
Fig. P. 1.1.38
i(mA)
600
2
1
(C)
t(ms)
2
1
t(ms)
(D)
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7
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Basic Concepts
Chap 1.1
v3 - 30 = v2
SOLUTIONS
v3 = 65 V
105 + v4 - v3 - 65 = 0
v4 = 25 V
v4 + 15 - 55 + v1 = 0 v1 = 15 V
3. (B) i =
dQ 120
=
=2 A
dt
60
4. (B) W = Qv = 360 J
Voltage across R1 is = 70 - 20 = 50 V
50
= 100 W
R1 =
0.5
6. (A)
i=1A
5A
2A
3A
4A
i
3
i
i
3
6A
1A
i
3
2A
i
6
Fig. S 1.1.5
0V
Fig. S. 1.1.11
1V
5V
1 A source.
10 V
Fig. S 1.1.7
10 + 5 + E + 1 = 0 or E = -16 V
8. (D) 100 = 65 + v2
v2 = 35 V
+ 105 V
30
+
Req
Fig. S 1.1.14
10 W
v2
Req
55 V
+ v1
5W
10 V +
30
+ v3
10 + 5 + Req
5W
v4
10 ( Req + 5)
15 V +
65 V
100 V
6i 6i 6i
+
+
= 5 i,
3
6
3
v
Req = ab = 5 W
i
4V
vab =
v1 + 60 - 100 = 10 20 or v1 = 240 V
2V
i
3
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9
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Basic Concepts
vo - 20 vo 20
+
=
5
5
5
Power is P = vo
vo = 20 V
20
v1
= 20
= 80 W
5
5
1
C
t2
idt
iin C1
= 0.8 sin 600 t mA
C1 + C2
12 =
t1
12 C = 2m 10
Chap 1.1
1
2m ( t2 - t1 )
C
4 vin
vin C2
=
C1 + C2 6 + 4
vc1
= 0.4
vin
C = 1.67 mF
41. (D) V = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10, Q = 1 C, C =
1
33. (B) E = Cv 2 = 5 10 -6 100 2 = 0.05 J
2
42. (A) vL = L
di
dt
43. (B) vL = L
di
= 0.01 2( 377 cos 377 t) V
dt
1
34. (D) vc =
c
35. (D) i = C
-3
10 10
-3
0 idt = 100 10 -6 (2 10 ) = 0.2 V
2m
dv
dt
dv
6 -0
= 100 10 -6
= 600 mA
dt
10 -3 - 0
1
1
12000
120 cos 3t dt =
vdt =
sin 377 t
0.01
L
377
12000 120
P = vi =
(sin 377 t)(cos 377 t)
377
45. (D) vL = L
1
1
idt =
200 10 -6
C
5m
4m tdt = 3125 t
vC = 3vL
iC = 3 LC
46. (B) vL = L
combination
is
in
series
with
1.5
mF.
15
. (2 + 1)
= 1mF, C1 is in parallel with 2.5 mF
C1 =
15
. +2+1
. mF
Ceq = 1 + 2.5 = 35
diL
dt
-100 - 0
vL = (0.05)
= - 2.5 V
2
For 4 < t 8,
100 + 100
vL = (0.05)
= 2.5 V
4
0 - 100
vL = (0.05)
= - 2.5 V
2
30 60
30(20 + 40)
38. (A) Ca =
= 20 mF, Cb =
= 20 mF
30 + 60
30 + 20 + 0
C2
Cc
C2
Cb
C2
Ca
+
+ i3 = 0
2
4
C2
i3 = - 7 A,
C1
d 2 iL
= - 9.6 sin 4 t A
dt
For 2 < t 4,
vin
diL
dv
, iC = C C
dt
dt
At t = 4 ms, vc = 0.05 V
iin
L = 2 mH
Cd
44. (A) i =
vC =
100m = L
200m
4m
Q
= 0.1 F
V
C1
C1
C1
v3 = - 7 3 = - 21 V
60 mF
Fig. S 1.1.38
*********
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
1.2
GRAPH THEORY
(B) 4 only
(C) 3 only
(D) 3 and 4
(2)
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
(3)
(4)
Fig. P.1.1.4
(B) 2 and 3
(C) 3 and 4
(D) 4 and 1
Node
Branch
Twigs
Link
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(1)
(2)
3
g
Fig. P.1.2.5
(3)
Page
12
(4)
(A) a d e h
(B) a c f h
(C) a f h g
(D) a e f g
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
1 -1 0
(A) -1 0
1
1 -1
0
-1 -1 0
(C) 0
1 1
1 0 -1
1 0 -1
(B) -1 -1 0
1 1
0
1
-1 0
(D) 0
1 -1
1 -1 0
(C)
-1 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 -1 1 1 0
A =
0 -1 0 -1 0 -1
1 0 0 0 -1 -1
(D)
A =
0 -1 0 -1 0 0
1 0 0 0 -1 -1
The graph is
2
Networks
The graph is
4
4
3
(A)
(B)
(A)
4
(B)
4
3
(C)
(D)
A = 0 0
1 0 0 0 -1
0
1 0 0 -1 -1 0
1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0
(C)
(D)
The graph is
2
Fig. P.1.1.16
(A)
Page
14
(A) 8
(B) 12
(C) 16
(D) 20
(B)
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
Networks
0 0 0 1 -1
0
0
1
0
(C)
solid line and links are dotted line. For this tree
1 0 1 1
(A)
(D)
(B)
5
6
Fig. P.1.2.24
(C)
(D)
0 0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
(A)
(B)
3
2
(C)
Fig. P. 1.2.23
(D)
(A)
(B)
Fig. P. 1.2.25
Page
16
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Graph Theory
0
1
0
1
0 -1 -1 0
1 0
1 -1
0
1
0
(D)
0
-1
Chap 1.2
1 -1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
(A)
i1 0
i 0
2
i3 1
i -1
4 =
i5 1
i 0
6
i
7 0
i8 0
(B)
1 -1
0 -1
0 0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
-1 I1
0 I 2
0 I 3
0 I 4
0
1
(C)
(D)
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 7
matrix is
i
c
(A) n + l - 1
(B) b - 1
(C) b - n + 1
(D) n - 1
1 0 0 I1
i3 0
i 1 0 0 0 I
4 =
2
i
0
0
1
1
5
I 3
i 1 1 0 -1 I
4
6
i7 1 0 0 0
i8 0 0 0
1
Fig. P.1.2.26
1
0
(A)
0
-1
-1 1 0 0
0 -1 -1 -1
(B)
0 0 0 -1
1 0
1 0
(C)
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0 0
0 0
1 -1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1 0 0 0
1 -1 -1 0
0 0
1 -1
0 -1 0 -1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0 0
1 0
1 -1
0 -1
0
0
1
0
0 -1
1 0
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
1
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 8
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
Networks
8
5
6
5
(C)
2
4
1
(D)
(C)
************
(D)
(B) 12
(C) 8
(D) 6
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) 6
1 0 V1
v3 0 0
v 0 0 0
1 V2
4 =
v5 1 -1 0 0 V3
v 0
1 -1 0 V4
6
1 -1
v7 0 0
v8 1 0 -1 0
where vi is the branch voltage and Vk is the node
voltage with respect to datum node.
33. The independent mesh equation for this network
are
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D 7
Page
18
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Graph Theory
Chap 1.2
SOLUTIONS
1. (A) The circuit 1 and 2 are redrawn as below. 3 and 4 can
not be redrawn on a plane without crossing other branch.
(A)
(1)
(B)
(2)
Fig. S1.2.1
(C)
(1)
(D)
(2)
Fig. S .1.2.7
(3)
a
Fig. S1.2.1
3. (C) l = b - ( n - 1) = 4.
(1)
2
a
c
1
g
(2)
l=b-n+1=3
given graph
3
e
3
e
b
3
e
f
4
(3)
Fig. S 1.2.5
(4)
2
a
e
b
c
f
4
(5)
Fig. S. 1.2.6
Fig. S. 1.2.8
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19
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
i
l1
So reduced
1 0
0 1
Ar =
0 0
0 0
l4
l2
h
l3
Networks
Fig. S 1.2.26
incidence matrix is
0 0
1 0 0
1
0 0 -1 1 0 0
1 0 0 -1 1 -1
0 1 0 0 -1 0
***********
Number of link =4
Number of twigs =8 - 4 = 4
Number of twigs =number of independent node
equation.
28. (D) The number of independent node equation are
n - 1.
29. (A) Number of branch b = 8
Number of link l = 4
Number of twigs t = b - l = 4
rank of matrix = n - 1 = t = 4
30. (B) We know the branch current and loop current
are related as
[ ib ] = [ B T ] [ I L ]
So fundamental loop matrix is
1 1 0
0 -1 0 1 0
0 -1 1 0 0
1 0 0
Bf =
1 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 1
5 = b - 7, b = 12
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CHAPTER
1.3
METHODS OF ANALYSIS
1. v1 = ?
6R
6R
4vs
+
v1
(B) -120 V
(D) -90 V
(A) 120 V
(C) 90 V
3R
vs
4. va = ?
10 W
4W
12 V
10 V
Fig. P1.3.1
(A) 0.4vs
(B) 1.5vs
(C) 0.67vs
(D) 2.5vs
va
4A
1W
2. va = ?
2W
Fig. P1.3.4
3A
(A) 4.33 V
(C) 8.67 V
2W
5. v2 = ?
va
3W
(B) 4.09 V
(D) 8.18 V
20 W
1A
+
30 W
60 W
v2
10 V
0.5 A
30 W
Fig. P1.3.2
(A) -11 V
(B) 11 V
(C) 3 V
(D) -3 V
Fig. P1.3.5
(A) 0.5 V
(C) 1.5 V
3. v1 = ?
10 W
6. ib = ?
30 V
3A
(B) 1.0 V
(D) 2.0 V
64 W
30 W
37 W
ib
20 W
0.5 A
10 V
60 W
69 W
36 W
v1
+
9A
6A
60 W
Fig. P1.3.6
Fig. P1.3.3
(A) 0.6 A
(C) 0.4 A
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(B) 0.5 A
(D) 0.3 A
Page
23
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
7. i1 = ?
6A
8W
(A) 20 mA
(B) 15 mA
(C) 10 mA
(D) 5 mA
11. i1 = ?
2W
i1
Networks
50 W
10 W
5W
3W
4W
75 V
100 W
i1
6.6 V
Fig. P1.3.7
(A) 3.3 A
(B) 2.1 A
(C) 1.7 A
(D) 1.1 A
0.1 A
40 W
0.06 A
60W
8. i1 = ?
0.1A
i2
90 kW
7.5mA
i1
10 kW
Fig. P1.3.11
10 kW
75 V
(A) 0.01 A
(B) -0.01 A
(C) 0.03 A
(D) 0.02 A
90 kW
Fig. P1.3.8
(A) 1 mA
(B) 1.5 mA
(C) 2 mA
(D) 2.5 mA
2A
Ammeter
4W
7W
9. i1 = ?
2A
6W
3A
5W
3V
4W
2W
Fig. P1.3.12
3W
4A
2W
i1
(B) 3 A
(C) 6 A
(D) 5 A
2
A
3
(C) -
Fig. P1.3.9
(A) 4 A
(A)
5
A
6
(B)
5
A
3
(D)
2
A
9
13. i1 = ?
200 W
10. i1 = ?
2 kW
45 V
i1
40 mA
500 W
Fig. P1.3.10
Page
24
15 mA
100 W
50 W
i1
Fig. 1.3.13
(A) 10 mA
(B) -10 mA
(C) 0.4 mA
(D) -0.4 mA
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10 mA
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Methods of Analysis
Chap 1.3
5W
8W
4W
i1
12 V
source is
2W
i3
2W
i2
20 V
8V
6W
va
4W
3W
vb
12 V
1A
vc
Fig. 1.3.17
0 i1 12
4 -2
(A) -2
8 -2 i2 = -8
5 i3 20
0 -2
2W
-2
0 i1 12
6
(B) 2 -12
2 i2 = 8
2 -7 i3 20
0
Fig. 1.3.14
(A) 19.8 W
(B) 27.3 W
(C) 46.9 W
(D) 54.6 W
0 i1 12
6 -2
(C) -2 12 -2 i2 = 8
7 i3 20
0 -2
15. i1 , i2 , i3 = ?
2W
3W
15 V
9W
i1
6W
i2
0 i1 12
4 -2
(D) 2 -8
2 i2 = 8
2 -5 i3 20
0
18. For the circuit shown in Fig. P1.3.18 the mesh
21 V
i3
equation are
6 kW
Fig. P1.3.15
6 kW
(A) 3 A, 2 A, and 4 A
(B) 3 A, 3 A, and 8 A
(C) 1 A, 3 A, and 4 A
(D) 1 A, 2 A, and 8 A
i3
6 kW
i1
6V
i2
5 mA
6 kW
16. vo = ?
Fig. 1.3.18
4 mA
2 kW
2 mA
6 k -12 k -12 k i1
-6
(A) -6 k
6 k -18 k i2 = 0
-1k
0 k i3
-1k
5
1 kW
1 kW
+
1 kW
2 kW
1 mA
vo
6 k 12 k -12 k i1
-6
(B) -6 k -6 k
18 k i2 = 0
1k
0 k i3
-1k
5
Fig. P1.3.16
(A)
6
V
5
(B)
8
V
5
(C)
6
V
7
(D)
5
V
7
-6 k -12 k 12 k i1
-6
(C) 6 k
-6 k 18 k i2 = 0
1k 0 k i3
1k
5
-6 k 12 k -12 k i1
-6
(D) -6 k 6 k -18 k i2 = 0
1k
0 k i3
-1k
5
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Page
25
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Methods of Analysis
R1
i3
R2
Chap 1.3
(A) 66.67 mA
(B) 46.24 mA
(C) 23.12 mA
(D) 33.33 mA
R3
29. va = ?
i1
R4
i2
10 W
v2
v1
25i2
4A
50 W
va
40 W
Fig. P1.3.25
200 W
10 A
The value of R4 is
(A) 40
(B) 15
(C) 5
(D) 20
2.5 kW
10 kW
20 V
10 kW
(A) 342 V
(B) 171 V
(C) 198 V
(D) 396 V
30. ia = ?
va
5 kW
20 A
Fig. P1.3.29
26. va = ?
10 kW
20 W
100 W
5A
50 W
150 W
4 mA
225 W
100 W
200 W
ia
Fig. P1.3.26
2V
(A) 26 V
(B) 19 V
(C) 13 V
(D) 18 V
75 W
2A
50 W
(A) 14 mA
(B) -6.5 mA
(C) 7 mA
(D) -21 mA
31. v2 = ?
20 W
8V
Fig. P1.3.30
27. v = ?
10 W
4V
50 W
v2 +
4A
100 W
10 V
15 W
0.04v2
5W
Fig. P.3.1.27
Fig. P1.3.31
(A) 60 V
(B) -60 V
(A) 5 V
(B) 75 V
(C) 30 V
(D) -30 V
(C) 3 V
(D) 10 V
32. i1 = ?
28. i1 = ?
2W
300 W
40 V
i1
500 W
8V
0.4i1
0.5i1
4A
4W
6V
i1
Fig. P1.3.32
Fig. P1.3.28
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Page
27
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
(A) -1.636 A
(B) -3.273 A
(C) -2.314 A
(D) -4.628 A
Networks
37. va = ?
0.8va
16 A
33. vx = ?
+
100 W
1.6 A
2.5 W
5W
10 A
vx
50 W
0.02vx
2W
va
Fig. P1.3.37
Fig. P1.3.33
(A) 32 V
(B) -32 V
(C) 12 V
(D) -12 V
(A) 25.91 V
(B) -25.91 V
(C) 51.82 V
(D) -51.82 V
34. ib = ?
will result in v1 = 0, is
1 kW
va
3A
3 kW
2A
ib
0.1v1
6V
4va
2 kW
10 W
20 W
+
vs
40 W
Fig. P1.3.34
(A) 4 mA
(B) -4 mA
(C) 12 mA
(D) -12 mA
4 kW
vb
(A) 28 V
(B) -28 V
(C) 14 V
(D) -14 V
39. i1 , i2 = ?
2ix
4W
2V
48 V
Fig. P1.3.38
35. vb = ?
ia
v1
2W
5ia
2 kW
ix
15 V
6W
i1
i2
18 V
Fig. P1.3.35
(A) 1 V
(B) 1.5 V
(C) 4 V
(D) 6 V
Fig. P1.3.39
36. vx = ?
40. v1 = ?
50 W
3W
iy
+
2A
100 W
25iy
50 W
vx
+
vy
0.2vx
3W
2A
6W
14 V
+
v1
Fig. P1.3.36
Page
28
(A) -3 V
(B) 3 V
(C) 10 V
(D) -10 V
7A
Fig. P1.3.40
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2W
2vy
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Methods of Analysis
(A) 10 V
(B) -10 V
(C) 7 V
(D) -7 V
SOLUTIONS
1. (B) Applying the nodal analysis
v
4 vs
+ s
R
R
6
3
v1 =
= 15
. vs
1
1
1
+
+
6 R 3R 6 R
41. vx = ?
vx +
500 W
0.5vx
500 W
900 W
600 W
0.6 A
Chap 1.3
2. (C) va = 2( 3 + 1) + 3 (1) = 11 V
0.3 A
3. (D) -
v1
-v
+ 1 + 6 =9
60 60
v1 = - 90 V
Fig. P1.3.41
(A) 9 V
(B) -9 V
(C) 10 V
(D) -10 V
4. (C)
va - 10 va
+
=4
4
2
5. (D)
v2 v2 + 10
+
= 0.5
20
30
va = 8.67 V
v2 = 2 V
ia
3W
8W
3
2W
i1
2W
10 W
va
60 V
2A
2.5 A
4W
6ia
3W
25 V
30 V
Fig. P1.3.42
Fig. S.1.3.6
(A) 76.4 W
(B) 305.6 W
(C) 52.5 W
(D) 210.0 W
43. i1 = ?
500 W
+ vx
100 W
180 V
400 W
5W
25
60
+
+ 2 15
va =
= 15.23 V
3
1
1
+ +
14 3 15
25 - 15.23
= 2.09 A
i1 =
14
3
8
3
0.6 A
+
vy
7. (A) ib =
0.001vy
100 W
10
+ 0.5 = 0.6 A
64 + 36
i1 = 15
. mA
9. (B) 3 = 2 i1 + 3( i1 - 4)
0.005vy
i1 = 3 A
Fig. P1.3.43
(B) 0.24 A
(C) 0.36 A
(D) 0.48 A
i1 = 15 mA
11. (D)
6.6 = 50 i1 + 100( i1 + 0.1) + 40( i1 - 0.06) + 60( i1 - 0.1)
*****************
i1 = 0.02 A
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29
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
v1 = 0
ia =
Networks
30 + 7.5 + 2
= 329
. A
12
6 ia = 19.75 V
2A
(10.25) 2
= 52.53 W
2
vs
20 W
+
v1
48 V
Fig. S1.3.38
************
39. (D) ix = i1 - i2
15 = 4 i1 - 2( i1 - i2 ) + 6( i1 - i2 )
8 i1 - 4 i2 = 15
K(i)
-18 = 2 i2 + 6( i2 - i1 )
3i1 - 4 i2 = 9
K(ii)
. A, i2 = -1.35 A
i1 = 12
40. (B) 14 = 3i1 + v y + 6( i1 - 2 - 7) + 2 v y + 2( i1 - 7)
v y = 3( i1 - 2)
14 = 3i1 + 9( i1 - 2) + 6( i1 - 9) + 2( i1 - 7)
14 = 20 i1 - 18 - 54 - 14
i1 = 5 A
3W
2A
6W
14 V
i1
+
v1
2vy
7A
2W
Fig. S1.3.40
5 i1 - 2 i2 = 0
K(i)
K(ii)
Page
32
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
1.4
NETWORKS THEOREM
1. vTH , RTH = ?
3W
2W
6W
6V
vTH, RTH
Fig. P.1.4.1
(A) 2 V, 4 W
(B) 4 V, 4 W
(C) 4 V, 5 W
(D) 2 V, 5 W
2. i N , R N = ?
2W
Fig. P.1.4.4
2W
R
v
4W
15 V
iN, RN
(A)
(B)
Fig. P.1.4.2
10
W
3
(A) 3 A,
(B) 10 A, 4 W
(C) 1,5 A, 6 W
2W
3W
i
i
(D) 1.5 A, 4 W
3. vTH , RTH = ?
2A
R
R
(C)
(D)
5. i N , R N = ?
1W
2W
vTH, RTH
6A
4W
3W
iN RN
Fig. P.1.4.3
(A) -2 V,
6
W
5
5
(C) 1 V,
W
6
(B) 2 V,
5
W
6
6
(D) -1 V,
W
5
Fig. P.1.4.5
(A) 4 A, 3 W
(B) 2 A, 6 W
(C) 2 A, 9 W
(D) 4 A, 2 W
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Page
33
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
6. vTH , RTH = ?
Networks
30 W
20 W
vTH, RTH
5V
5A
vTH
RTH
iN
RN
(A)
4 V
2 W
2 A
2 W
(B)
4 V
2 W
2 A
3 W
(C)
8 V
1.2 W
30
3
1.2 W
8 V
5 W
8
5
5 W
(D)
Fig. P.1.4.6
10. v1 = ?
(A) -100 V, 75 W
(B) 155 V, 55 W
(C) 155 V, 37 W
(D) 145 V, 75 W
2W
3W
1W
6W
2W
8V
7. RTH = ?
1W
+
v1
6W
18 V
6W
Fig. P.1.4.10
6W
2A
RTH
5V
Fig. P.1.4.7
(A) 6 V
(B) 7 V
(C) 8 V
(D) 10 V
11. i1 = ?
(A) 3 W
(B) 12 W
(C) 6 W
(D)
4 kW
12 V
i1
20 V
4 kW
6 kW
24 V
3 kW
4 kW
6W
2A
Fig. P.1.4.11
2V
8W
(A) 3 A
(B) 0.75 mA
(C) 2 mA
(D) 1.75 mA
8W
Fig. P.1.4.8
(A) 2 W
(B) 6 W
(C) 6.16 W
4
(D) W
3
16 W
40 W
5V
8W
3W
Fig. P.1.4.1213
RTH
4V
iN
2A
vTH
RN
(B) 5 V, 6 W
(C) 5 V, 32 W
(D) 8 V, 32 W
Fig. P.1.4.9
Page
34
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1A
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Network Theorems
(B) 4 V, 32 W
(C) 5 V, 6 W
(D) 7 V, 6 W
Chap 1.4
3i1
i1
iN,
4W
RN
Fig. P1.4.19
(A) 22.5 kW
(B) 45 kW
(C) 30.3 kW
(D) 40 kW
(A) 0 W
(B) 1.2 W
(C) 2.4 W
(D) 3.6 W
current iR equals 10 A.
2W
4W
4V
2W
4W
2W
5W
0.1v1
4A
vTH RTH
v1
iR
Fig. P.1.4.20
Fig. P.1.4.1516.
(A) 8 V, 5 W
(B) 8 V, 10 W
power, is
(C) 4 V, 5 W
(D) 4 V, 10 W
(A) 4 W
(B) 3 W
(C) 2 W
21. RTH = ?
3W
2W
(B) 100 W
(C) 200 W
vx
4
4V
vx
RTH
Fig. P.1.4.21
(A) 3 W
(B) 1.2 W
(C) 5 W
(D) 10 W
(A) 2 W
(B) 4 W
(C) 8 W
(D) 12 W
18. i N , R N = ?
4W
5W
10 W
i1
20i1
iN,
30 W
vs
RN
i
4
Fig. P.1.4.22
Fig. P.1.4.18
(A) 2 A, 20 W
(B) 2 A, -20 W
(A) 4 W
(B) 3 W
(C) 0 A, 20 W
(D) 0 A, -20 W
(C) 2 W
(D) 1 W
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Page
35
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
Networks
terminal ab is
ix
0.75va
16 V
Fig. P.1.4.2627
va
+
4W
Fig. P.1.4.23
(A) -3 W
9
W
8
(B)
8
W
3
(C) -
RL
2W
8W
9V
3W
0.9 A
(A) 2 W
(B) 3 W
(C) 1 W
(A) 0.75 W
(B) 1.5 W
(C) 2.25 W
(D) 1.125 W
28. RTH = ?
24. RTH = ?
-2ix
200 W
va
100
va
+
100 W
50 W
RTH
100 W
300 W
Fig. P.1.4.24
(A)
(C)
(D)
125
W
3
(B) 136.4 W
(C) 200 W
(D) 272.8 W
100 W
200 W
2W
6W
6W
2W
2W
3i
(A) 100 W
i
6V
RTH
Fig. P.1.4.28
+
vx
800 W
ix
(B) 0
3
W
125
100 W
0.01vx
RL
12 V
12 V
8V
Fig. P.1.4.25
6W
(A)
400
W
3
(B)
2
kW
9
(C)
800
W
3
(D)
4
kW
9
ib
2W
6W
6W
2W
18 V
2W
6W
3A
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12 V
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Network Theorems
Chap 1.4
(B) ib = ia + 2
(A) 4 V
(B) -4 V
(C) ib = 15
. ia
(D) ib = ia
(C) 6 V
(D) -6 V
30. Req = ?
12 W
4W
6W
2W
18 W
6W
9W
Fig. P.1.4.30
Fig. P.1.4.34
72
(B)
W
13
(A) 18 W
36
(C)
W
13
(D) 9 W
(A) equal to P
7W
6
W
9W
(A) P1 P2
(B)
(C) ( P1 P2 ) 2
(D) ( P1 P2 ) 2
P1 P2
Fig. P.1.4.31
(A) 6.67 W
(B) 9 W
(C) 6.52 W
(D) 8 W
3W
3W
1W
(A) 80 W
(B) 1800 W
(C) 112.5 W
(D) 228 W
37.
The
following
results
were
obtained
from
1W
va
vs2
resistive network
Terminal voltage
12 V
0V
Terminal current
0A
1.5 A
Fig. P.1.4.3233
(B) 4 V
(C) 6 V
(D) 5 V
(B) 8 W
(C) 0
(D)
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Page
37
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
SOLUTIONS
1. (B) vTH =
(a) 0 - 10 V scale : 4 V
(C) 18 V,
32
V,
3
1
MW
15
(D) 36 V,
200
kW
3
(B)
2
MW
15
( 6)( 6)
= 4 V,
3+ 6
RTH = ( 3||6) + 2 = 4 W
of the network is
16
200
(A)
V,
kW
3
3
Networks
2. (A)
2W
isc
Fig. S.1.4.2
R N = 2 ||4 + 2 =
+
RL
4W
15 V
Linear
Network
2W
v1
10
W,
3
15
2
v1 =
=6 V
1 1 1
+ +
2 2 4
v
isc = i N = 1 = 3 A
2
vab
Fig. P.1.4.39
(2)( 3)(1)
= 1 V,
3+ 3
5
= 1||5 = W
6
3. (C) vTH =
RL
10 kW
30 kW
3.6 MW
4.8 MW
RTH
(B) 100 W
(C) 300 W
(D) 30 kW
6A
4W
3W
i(mA)
+
30
Resistive
Network
20
10
-4
-3 -2
-1
vab
Fig. P.1.4.40
isc =
6 4
= 4 A = iN ,
4+2
R N = 6 ||3 = 2 W
6. (B) For the calculation of RTH if we kill the sources
then 20 W resistance is inactive because 5 A source will
(A) 300 W
(B) -300 W
be open circuit
(C) 100 W
(D) -100 W
RTH = 30 + 25 = 55 W,
vTH = 5 + 5 30 = 155 V
***********
Page
38
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Network Theorems
Chap 1.4
6W
8W
16 W
8W
6W
RTH
4V
8V
Fig. S.1.4.7
Fig. S1.4.12
4
8
+
= 8 24 = 5 V,
1
1
+
8 24
vxx = vTH
iN =
RTH = 8 ||(16 + 8) = 6 W
vTH 8
= A
RTH 5
v yy = vTH
1W
1W
RTH = ( 8 + 16)||8 = 6 W
2W
14. (A)
+
6W
4V
12 V
v1
RL
Fig. S1.4.10
Fig. S1.4.14
4
12
+
v1 = 1 + 1 1 + 2 = 6 V
1
1
1
+ +
1+1 6 1+2
ir
50 = 20 k,
r + 50
( r + 200) 2 = 4( r + 50) 2
r = 100 W
i = 30 A,
Pmax =
i1
4 kW
ir
200 = 20 k
r + 200
20 V
6V
( 30) 2 100
= 22.5 kW
4
2 kW
2W
2W
4W
8V
2W
Fig. S1.4.15
Fig. S1.4.11
i1 =
20 - 6 - 8
= 0.75 mA
2k + 4k + 2k
10
Pmax =
2 = 50 W
2
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39
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
Networks
i 2 R = ( P1 P2 ) 2
36. (C) r =
1W
3W
2W
P=
voc
= 1. 2 W
isc
24 2
2 = 112.5 W
(1. 2 + 2) 2
6V
va
voc 12
=
=8W
isc 15
.
Fig. S.1.4.32b
va =
6 (2 + 3)
=5 V
2 + 3+1
2W
1W
3W
1
1
=
= 50 mA
sensitivity
20 k
va
Fig. S1.4.33
6 ( 6 ||3)
va = = -4 V
2 +1
v30 k = 30 k 4.8m = 12 V
RTH
vTH
vTH
RTH
vTH
6 =
10
vTH
10 + RTH
12 =
30 vTH
30 + RTH
10 vTH = 6 RTH + 60
5 vTH = 2 RTH + 60
RTH = 30 kW
40. (D) At v = 0 , isc = 30 mA
Fig. S1.4.34
At i = 0, voc = - 3 V
v
-3
RTH = oc =
= - 100 W
isc 30m
VTH
R
P =
RTH + R
V
TH
P =
R + RTH
2
VTH
R = 4
2 R + RTH
************
P1
P2
and i2 =
R
R
using superposition i = i1 + i2 =
Page
42
P1
P2
R
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...(i)
...(ii)
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
1.6
THE RLC CIRCUITS
d 2v
dv
dv(0)
+2
+ v = 0, v(0) = 10,
= 0.
dt 2
dt
dt
The v( t) is
(A) 10(1 + t) e - t V
(B) 10(1 - t) e - t V
(C) 10e - t V
(D) 10te - t V
vs
2W
1 mH
. iL ( t)
iL ( t) 11
. iL ( t) = is ( t)
+
+ 11
108
10 4
(D)
iL ( t) 11iL ( t)
+
+ 11iL ( t) = is ( t)
108
10 4
(C)
1H
10 mF
100 W
vs
25 mF
80 W
+
vC
Fig. P1.6.2
Fig. P1.6.4
(C)
2 v ( t)
v( t)
. v( t) = vs ( t)
+
+ 102
108
10 5
(D)
2 v ( t)
v( t)
. v( t) = vs ( t)
+
+ 198
8
10
10 5
P1.6.3 is
t=0
1H
10 W
is
3
4W
1
3F
+
vC
10 mF
100 W
Fig. P.1.6.5
iL
Fig. P.1.6.3
Page
54
-t
(A) 5 e - 7 e
-3t
(C) - e - t + 3e -3t V
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(B) 7 e - t - 5 e -3t V
(D) 3e - t - e -3t V
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 1.6
i1 (0) = i2 (0) = 11 A
t=0
3W
i1
i2
2H
1W
1
2H
1W
6V
+
vC
1
4F
2W
3H
Fig. P1.6.10
Fig. P1.6.67
6. i1 (1 s) = ?
(A) 4 e -2 t sin 2 t V
(B) -4 e -2 t sin 2 t V
(C) 4 e -2 t cos 2 t V
(D) -4 e -2 t cos 2 t V
(A) 0.78 A
(B) 1.46 A
(C) 2.56 A
(D) 3.62 A
iL
7. i2 (1 s) = ?
(A) 0.78 A
(B) 1.46 A
(C) 2.56 A
(D) 3.62 A
t=0
2W
1
4F
8W
8. vC ( t) = ? for t > 0
4W
7A
25 mH
Fig. P1.6.11
10 mF
100 W
30u(-t) mA
+
vC
10 mH
1 mF
+
vL
Fig. P1.5.12-14
0.8 H
250 W
100
W
65
isu(t) A
500 W
t=0
9V
5 mF
+
vC
(A) 1 A
(B) t A
(C) t + 1 A
(D) 0 A
13. If is ( t) = 0.5 t A,
Fig. P1.6.9
(B) 2 t - 3250 A
-3
(D) 2 t + 3250 A
(A) 0.5 t + 3. 25 10
(C) 0.5 t - 0. 25 10
then iL ( t) is
-3
(B) e
-400 t
(C) e
-300 t
(C)
(A) -9 e
-400 t
+ 12 e
-300 t
200 -250 t
A
e
7
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(D)
200 -250 t
A
te
7
Page
55
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
Networks
100 W
2u(-t) A
iL
vx +
avx
50 W
1H
20 mH
0.04 F
+ vC
2W
4W
Fig. P1.6.15
(A) 0. 2 t + 117
. 10 -3 V
(B) 0. 2 t - 117
. 10 -3 V
(C) 117
. 10 -3 t - 0. 2 V
(D) 117
. 10 -3 t + 0. 2 V
50u(t) V
Fig. P1.6.19
UD =under damped].
CD
OD
UD
(A) C = 6 mF
C >6 mF
C <6 mF
(B) C = 6 mF
C < 6 mF
C > 6 mF
(C) C >6 mF
C = 6 mF
C < 6 mF
(D) C < 6 mF
C =6 mF
C > 6 mF
20 V
t=0
1
4H
Fig. P1.6.20
120 W
5W
iL
10 mF
4H
(B) 10 sin 8 t A
(D) 10 cos 8 t A
(A) 40 W
(B) 60 W
(C) 120 W
(D) 180 W
8V
12 V
by
1H
d 2 i( t) 2 di( t)
di(0 + )
= 4.
+
+ 5 i( t) = 10, i(0 + ) = 2,
dt
dt
dt
Fig. P1.6.21
The i( t) is
(A) 1 + e - t cos 4 t A
(B) 4 - 2 e - t cos 4 t A
(C) 2 + e - t sin 4 t A
(D) 10 + e - t sin 4 t A
Page
56
www.gatehelp.com
1
F
6
+
vC
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
5W
3u(t) A
1W
5H
t > 0 is
5W
+
vC
0.2 F
20 V
Chap 1.6
20 W
1H
2W
t=0
1
F
25
5W
100 V
Fig. P1.6.22
-0 .8 t
-0 .8 t
-0 .8 t
Fig. P1.6.25
2A
2A
3
4H
10 W
1
3F
t=0
1W
1H
6W
5W
10 W
4V
t=0
1
25 F
+
vC
Fig. P1.6.23
Fig. P1.6.26
14 W
2 H t=0
2W
12 V
5 mF
12u(t) V
8 mH
a
iL
6W
Fig. P1.6.27
4A
Fig. P1.6.24
(A) ( 4 - 6 t) e 4 t A
(B) ( 3 - 6 t) e -4 t A
(C) ( 3 - 9 t) e -5t A
(D) ( 3 - 8 t) e -5t A
Page
57
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
Networks
SOLUTIONS
1. (A) s 2 + 2 s + 1 = 0
2W
1H
s = -1, - 1,
v( t) = ( A1 + A2 t) e
dv(0)
v(0) = 10 V,
= 0 = - 1 A1 + A2
dt
0.5 F
A1 = A2 = 10
Fig. P1.6.28
-t
2. (A) iL =
v
dv
+ 10 10 -6
100
dt
iL
2W
1 mH
vs
t=0
5W
3A
10 mF
1H
Fig. S1.6.2
vo
vs = 2 iL + 10 -3
Fig. P1.6.29
2W
t=0
(B) -e
sin 2 t A
(C) -2(1 - t) e
-2 t
-2 t
sin 2 t A
(D) 2(1 - t) e -2 t A
4. (A)
10 W
6u(t) A
diL
di
d 2 iL
+ iL + 10 -4 L + 10 -8
dt
dt
dt 2
.
iL ( t) 11
. iL ( t) = is ( t)
+
iL ( t) + 11
108
10 4
Fig. P1.6.30
(A) 2 e
vC
dvC
+ iL + 10m
100
dt
di
vC = 10 iL + 10 -3 L
dt
di
d
di
is = 0.1iL + 10 -5 L + iL + 10 -5 (10 iL + 10 -3 L )
dt
dt
dt
3. (C) is =
= 0.1iL + 10 -5
6V
-2 t
diL
+v
dt
1 dv
dv
d2 v
v
+ v
+ 10 -3
= 2
+ 10 -6 10 - t
+ 10 10 -6
dt
dt 2
100
100 dt
1W
10 mF
100 W
40 W
10 mF
4H
v
dv
+ 25m
+ ( v - vs ) dt = 0
80
dt
d 2v
dv
+ 500
+ 40000 = 0
2
dt
dt
s 2 + 500 s + 40000 = 0
s = -100, - 400,
v( t) = Ae -100 t + Be -400 t
A + B = 6, -100 A - 400 B = -3000
Fig. P1.6.31
(A) 9 + 2 e
-10 t
- 8e
-2 .5t
(B) 9 - 8 e
10 t
-2 .5t
Page
58
+ 2e
-2 .5t
B = 8, A = -2
A
5. (C) The characteristic equation is s 2 +
After putting the values,
v( t) = Ae - t + Be -3t ,
www.gatehelp.com
s2 + 4 s + 3 = 0
1
s
+
=0
RC LC
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
v(0 + ) = 2 V
iL (0 + ) = 0
iR (0) =
-C
9. (B) vC (0 + ) = 3 V , iL (0 + ) = -12 mA
A + B =2
dv(0 + ) 8
=
dt
3
vC
dvC
+ iL + 5 10 -6
=0
250
dt
2
8
= ,
34 3
dvC (0 + )
3
dvC (0 + )
- 12m + 5 10 -6
=0
=0
dt
250
dt
1
s
+
=0
s2 +
-6
250 5 10
0.8 5 10 -6
dv(0 + )
= - 8,
dt
- A - 3B = -8, B = 3, A = -1
di1
di
- 3 2 = 0,
dt
dt
3di2
di
2 i2 +
- 3 1 =0
dt
dt
6. (D) i1 + 5
i1 = A e
+ Be
-2 t
, i(0) = A + B = 11
1
6
i2 = - e
2W
1
4F
t
6
+ De
+ 12 e
A, i2 (1 s) = e
+
vC
8W
diL (0 + )
diL (0 + )
= 8 - ( -4) 8
= 10
dt
dt
1
s
vC + vC + iL = 0, vC = 4 siL + 8 iL
4
2
-2 t
s 2 iL + 4 siL + 5 = 0, s = -2 j
and D = 12
-2 t
4H
Fig. S1.6.11
1
6
+ 12 e
-2
= 0.78 A
vC (0 + ) = 8 V
iL
+ 8 e -2 = 3.62 A
i2 (0) = 11 = C + D,
t
6
+ 8e ,
7. (A) i2 = Ce
dvC (0 + )
= -8 = -2 (0 + 0) + (0 + 2 A2 ), A2 = -4
dt
-2 t
i1 (1 s) = 3e
C = -1
s = - 2 j2
vC ( t) = e ( A1 cos 2 t + A2 sin 2 t)
di1 (0 + )
33 di2 (0 + )
143
==,
dt
2
dt
6
A
33
- 2 B = - , A = 3, B = 8,
6
2
i1 = 3e
1 dvC (0 + )
= -2
4 xdt
iL (0 + ) = 2 A,
-2 t
t
6
s = -400 j 300
6 s 2 + 13s + 2 = 0
1
s = - , -2
6
1
- t
6
s 2 + 800 s + 25 10 4 = 0
Chap 1.6
s = -2000, -2000
diL (0 + )
= 10 = -2 ( A1 + 0) + A2 , A2 = 2
dt
12. (A) is =
is =
v
dv
di
+ 10 -3
+ iL , v = 10 10 -3 L
100 65
dt
dt
di
d 2 iL
65
(10 10 -3) L + 10 -3(10 10 -3)
+ iL = 0
dt
dt
100
d 2 iL
di
+ 650 L + 10 5 iL = 10 5 is
dt
dt
vC ( t) = ( A1 + A2 t) e -2000 t
dvC ( t)
= A2 e -2000 t + ( A1 + A2 t) e -2000 t ( -2000)
dt
dvC (0)
= A2 - 2000 3 = 0
vC (0 + ) = A1 = 3,
dt
0 + 0 + 10 5 B = 10 5,
A2 = 6000
Trying iL ( t) = B
B = 1,
iL = 1 A
Page
59
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 1.6
di(0 + ) -16
=
= -4.431 A - 0.903B
dt
3
A = 1, B = 1
a=
Ldi(0 + )
dt
1
= 0.5,
2 2 0.5
4 6
=3
6 +2
dvC (0)
dv (0)
= 150
0.02 C
= iL (0) = 3
dt
dt
6 + 14
1
a=
= 5,
wo =
=5
22
2 0.02
1 = 4 + A,
A = -3
di(0)
= 0 = 0.5 A + 1.32 B,
dt
a = wo critically damped
v( t) = 12 + ( A + Bt) e
0 = 12 + A,
v( t) = 12 + (90 t - 12) e
A = -12,
-5t
= ( 3 - 9 t) e
-5t
diL (0 + )
= v1 (0) = 0
dt
1
a=
= 10,
2 5 0.01
B = -113
.
Wo =
1
1 0.01
= 10
100 5
50
,
25. (A) v(0 ) =
=
5 + 5 + 20
3
+
iL (0 ) = 0
s = -10, - 10
i( t) = 3( A + Bt) e -10 t ,
if = 0 A
i(0) = 1 = 3 + A
di(0 )
= -10 A + B
dt
diL (0 + )
50 10
= 20 =
dt
3
3
4
1
a=
= 2, wo =
=5
21
1
1
25
iL ( t) = 3 - (2 + 20 t) e -10 t ,
LdiL ( t)
= 200 te -10 t
dt
di(0 + )
-6
vc (0 + ) = 2 1 = 2 =
= -2 A,
dt
1+2
1
1
1
a=
=
= 2,
Wo =
=2
2 RC 2 1 0.25
LC
a = Wo, critically damped response
s = -2 , -2
1 dvL (0 )
= iL (0 + ) = 0
25
dt
6
1
a = = 3, Wo =
=5
2
1 1 / 25
A = -2
i( t) = ( A + Bt) e -2 t ,
di( t)
= ( -2 + Bt) e 2 t ( -2) + (0 + B) e -2 t
dt
b = -3 9 - 25 = -3 j 4
v1 ( t) = -12 + ( A cos 4 t + B sin 4 t) e
vo =
s = -2 4 - 25 = -2 j 4.58
At t = 0, B = -2
-3t
vL (0) = -8 = 12 + A,
A =4
dvL (0)
= 0 = -3 A + 4 B,
B=3
dt
1
1
=
= 50
2 RC 2 2 k 54
1
1
=
= 5000
LC
8 m 5m
27. (C) a =
Wo =
B = 90
-5t
-5t
= 2
-5t
1 - 0.5
iL (0) =
150 = -5 A + B
Wo =
i( t) = 9 + Ae -10 t + Be -2 .5t
3 = 9 + A + B,
i(0) = 6 = 6 + A,
A = -6
di(0)
= -50 A + 5000 B = 0,
B = -0.06
dt
4 di(0 + )
dt
0 = -10 A - 2.5 B
On solving, A = 2, B = -8
************
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Page
61
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
1.7
SINUSOIDAL STEADY STATE ANALYSIS
1. i( t) = ?
20cos 300t V
(A)
3W
(C)
25 mH
1
2
1
2
cos (2 t - 45 ) V
(B)
sin (2 t - 45 ) V
(D)
1
2
1
2
cos (2 t + 45 ) V
sin (2 t + 45 ) V
4. vC ( t) = ?
Fig. P1.7.1
3H
8cos 5t V
+
vC
50 mF
9W
Fig. P1.7.4
2. vC ( t) = ?
(A) 2. 25 cos (5 t + 150 ) V
3
cos 10 t A
2W
+
vC
1 mF
Fig. P1.7.2
5. i( t) = ?
1W
4W
10cos 2t V
0.25 F
4H
3. vC ( t) = ?
5W
cos 2t V
0.1 F
Fig. P1.7.5
+
vC
Fig. P1.7.3
Page
62
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
Networks
at
balance is
1W
1W
1H
1H
1W
i1
10cos (4t-30 ) V
1F
i2
5cos 4t V
Fig. P1.7.1718
17. i1 ( t) = ?
(A) 2.36 cos ( 4 t - 4107
. ) A
Fig. P1.7.13
(C) j100 W
(D) - j900 W
and
the
resulting
current
are
(B) L - C
(C) R - L
(D) R - R
15. Vo = ?
40 W
j20
120-15o V
18. i2 ( t) = ?
50 W
-j30
Ix
630 A
1030 V
Fig. P1.7.15
-j2 W
(B) 22356 V
16. vo( t) = ?
(A) 394
. 46. 28 A
20. Vx = ?
3W
j10 W
20 W
10sin (t+30o) V
1F
+
vo
j3 W
Fig. P1.7.19
(A) 223 - 56 V
1H
0.5Ix
4W
Vo
20cos (t-45 ) V
4Vx
30 A
o
20 W
+
Vx
Fig. P1.7.16
Fig. P1.7.20
(A) 315
. cos ( t + 112 ) V
(B) 43. 2 cos ( t + 23 ) V
(A) 29.11166 V
(C) 315
. cos ( t - 112 ) V
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
Networks
-j2
4W
in question.
27. P = 269 W, Q = 150 VAR (capacitive)
(A) 150 - j269 VA
-j2
j5
Fig. P1.7.35
(B) 39.69 - j 45 VA
(C) 45 + j 39.69 VA
(D) 45 - j 39.69 VA
4W
1W
+ v1
10cos 2t V
(C) 68125
. + j1000 VA
(D) 68125
. - j1000 VA
(C) 61 + j167.7 VA
(D) 61 - j167.7 VA
1
3F
3v
4 1
Fig. P1.7.36
Ix
(A) 72 + j144 VA
(B) 72 - j144 VA
290 A
o
j1.92
4.8 W
8W
1.6Ix
33. Vo = ?
Fig. P1.7.37
60 A
o
16 kW
0.9 pf lagging
VO
20 kW
0.8 pf lagging
(A) 96 W
(B) -96 W
(C) 92 W
(D) -192 W
Fig. P1.7.33
absorbed by Z L is
(A) 7.132. 29 kV
10 W
1200o V
j15
-j10
apparent power is
Page
66
(A) 30 VA
(B) 275.6 VA
(C) 157 VA
(D) 187 VA
(A) 180 W
(B) 90 W
(C) 140 W
(D) 700 W
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ZL
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 1.7
j100
320o A
-j40
80 W
ZL
45.
Fig. P1.7.39
(C) 339
. - j 86.3 W
(D) 339
. + j 86.3 W
An
abc
phase
sequence
3-phase
balanced
and the power factor angle of the load is 25, the load
impedance is
(C) 432
. + j14.6 W
***********
(B) 480 - 45 V
(C) 339 45 V
(D) 339 - 45 V
Page
67
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
SOLUTIONS
-j
7. (C) Z =
||( 6 + j(27m) w)
w(22m )
20 0
= 2.48 - 68. 2 A
8.08 68. 2
(10) (5 - 90 )
vC ( t) =
5 2 - 45
1
2
27 10 3 j 6 106
- j106
( 6 + j27 10 -3 w)
22
22 w
= 22 w
=
6
10
106
6 + j(27mw )
6 + jw 27m 22 w
22 w2
j27 10 3
- j 36 106
22
w22
106
w 27m 22 w2
w = 1278
1278
w
Hz =
= 203 Hz
f =
2p
2p
- 45 V
cos (2 t - 45 ) V
I 2 = 540 100 mA
4. (D) Z = 9 + j( 3)(5) +
-j
= 9 + j11
(50m) (5)
= 460 - 164
i( t) = 460 cos ( 3t - 164 ) mA
Z = 14.2150.71 W
( 8 0)( 4 - 90 )
VC =
= 2. 25 140.71 V
14. 2150.71
11. (A)
2 45 =
VC
V - 20 0
+ C
- j4
j5 + 10
vC ( t) = 2. 25 cos (5 t - 140.71 ) V
j50
10 0
10 0
1
5. (B) Va =
V
=
1
1
1
105
. + j0.4
+
+
1 - j2 4 + j 8
I=
= 0
-j
3. (A) Z = 5 +
= 5 - j5 = 5 5 - 45
(0.1)(2)
VC =
Networks
245 A
o
+
-j4
Va
10 0
=
= 1 - 84. 23 A
4 + j 8 1 + j10
1W
Va
100 V
200 V
o
Fig. S1.7.11
4W
I
VC
10 W
-j2
j8
60 - j100 = VC (10 + j)
VC = 11.6 - 64.7
12. (D) X = X L + X C = 0
Fig. S1.7.5
i( t) = cos (2 t - 84.23 ) A
6. (D) w = 2 p 10 10 3 = 2 p 10 4
-j
1
Y = j(1m )(2 p 10 4 ) +
+
4
(160m )(2 p 10 ) 36
= 0.0278 - j0.0366 S
1
Z=
= 1316
. + j17.33 W
Y
Page
68
V
V
=
-q
Z |Z |
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
120 15
- 6 30
40 + j20
15. (C) Vo =
= 124 - 154
1
1
1
+
+
40 + j20 - j 30 50
Vo = x (2 + j)
20 + j10
2
(2 + j)(20 + j10)
Vx =
- 20(1 + j2) = j 600
2
j 600
Vx =
= 29. 22 - 166
-5 - j20
= 30 - 150 +20 - 45
. - 112 V
Vo = 315
10-60 V
j V - V2
21. (A) I1 = V3 + 3
= j0.1V2 + j0.4 V3
j10
2
3W
j1
-j1 W
Vo
20-45 V
o
I1 = 0.196 35.6
22. (A)
Fig. S.1.7.16
1W
50 V
o
1W
10-30 V
o
120 V
o
-j0.25 W
j4
2W
I1
Vo
I2
2W
( 8 + j15) I1 - ( 4 - j) I 2 = 20 0
j
j
-10 - 30 = I 2 (1 + j 4 + 1 - ) - I1 (1 - )
4
4
( 4 - j) I1 - ( 8 + j15) I 2 = 40 - 30
...(i)
20o A
Fig. P1.7.23
...(ii)
12 0 = I1 ( - j 3 + 2 + 2) + 8 90 -4 0
. + j0.64
I1 = 352
24. (D) I 2 = 30 A , I 4 - I 3 = 6 0 A
( 8 + j15)(103
. - j0.9) - 20 0
18. (B) I 2 =
4-j
= -0.076 + j2.04
2W
I1 [( 8 + j15) - ( 4 - j) ]
2
490 V
Fig. S.1.7.17
Vo = 5.65 - 75
-j3
I2
23. (D) I 2 = 4 90 , I 3 = 2 0
j4
1W
I1
Vo Vo - 3Vo
+
= 4 - 30
2
j4
j
j
17. (C) 5 0 = I1 j 4 + 1 + 1 - - I 2 1 -
4
4
j4
Chap 1.7
Io
I 2 = 2.04 92.13
1590o V
2W
I2
-j4
j2
30o A
10 30 = - 0.5 - j2 I x
3
Ix
3
1W
Ix =
10 30
2.17 - 67.38
I3
60 A
I4
o
1W
Fig. S.1.7.24
Page
69
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
S2 = 20 + j
15 90 = ( I o + 30 )(2) + ( I o - I 3)( - j 4)
VTH =
|V |2
(120) 2
=
= 72 + j144 VA
Z*
40 - j 80
20
sin (cos -1 (0.8)) = 20 + j15
0.8
S = VoI * = 6 Vo
( j10)( 8 - j5)
=
= 9 + j 4.4
8 + j10 - j5
S=
|V |2
(210) 2
=
*
Z
30 - j157
...(i)
...(ii)
35. (D) Z = 4 +
3I1 = ( 3 + j) I 2
36. (A)
q = 25.84
3V
4 1
-j1.5
Fig. S.1.7.36
I1 = 136.9
(136.9 )(10 0 )
S=
= 5 - 36.9
2
S = 4129.8 - j2000
29. (A) Q = S sin q
1W
Q
2000
=
= 4588.6 VA
sin q sin 25.84
P = S cos q = 4129.8,
V1 = 4 36.9 ,
+ V1
I1
o
S=
4W
100 V
= 275.6 VA
( - j2)( j5 - j2)
- j2 + j5 - j2
10 - V1
V1 3
+ V1 =
4
4
1 - j15
.
Q = S sin q
30 2 + 152 2
-2 V1 - V1 = 0 V1 = 0
9 0
I sc =
= 15 0 mA
600
311
. - 16
V
Z TH = oc =
= 247 - 16 W
I sc 15 0 10 -3
(210) 2
= 4 - j 6 = 7.21 - 56.31,
. - 16
Voc = 300 I 2 = 371
Vo = 7.132.29
( 32 0 )( j10)
= 339
. 58 V
8 + j10 - j5
16
sin (cos -1 (0.9)) = 16 + j7.75
0.9
j15 = 2 I o + 6 + ( j 4)( 3 - j 6)
25. (A) Z TH
32. (A) S =
33. (A) S1 = 16 + j
I3 = Io + 3 - j6
Networks
sin q =
Q 45
or
=
S 60
q = 48.59 ,
P = S cos q = 39.69,
Ix
j1.92
Va
S = 39.69 + j 45 VA
4.8 W
|V |2 (220 2 )
30. (B) S = rms =
= 1210
|Z |
40
1.6Ix
(290o)4.8 V
P 1000
cos q = =
= 0.8264 or q = 34.26 ,
S 1210
Fig. S.1.7.37
Q = S sin q = 68125,
.
S = 1000 + j 68125
. VA
*
31. (C) S = Vrms I rms
= (2120 )( 8.5 50 )
I x = 5 0 ,
Va = 0.6 5 8 = 24 0 ,
1
Pave = 24 1.6 5 = 96
2
= 61 + j167.7 VA
Page
70
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8W
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
38. (A) Z TH =
VTH =
( - j10)(10 + j15)
= 8 - j14 W
10 + j15 - j10
120( - j10)
= 107.3 - 116.6 V
10 + j5
40. (B) Va =
I aA
3
= 207.8 40 Vrms
46. (B) |S |= 3VL I L
ZY =
( - j 40)( 80 + j100)
= 12.8 - j 49.6 W
80 + j 60
400
45. (D) I AB =
107.3 - 116.6
IL =
= 6.7 - 116.6
16
1
PLmax = ( 6.7) 2 8 = 180 W
2
39. (B) Z TH =
Chap 1.7
208
10 3
IL =
3600
208 3
= 10 A rms
25 = 12 25 = 10.88 + j5.07 W
********
- 30 = 231 - 30 V
1
3
400 = Vp 1 + - j
2
2
400
Vp =
30
3
= Vp 3 - 30
Va = Vp 0 = 23130 V,
Vb = Vp 120 = 231150 V
Vc = Vp 240 = 231 - 90 V
42. (B) V A = 277 ( 45 -120 ) = 277 - 75 V
VB = 277 ( 45 + 120 ) = 277 165 V
V AB = V A - VB = 480 - 45 V
43. (C) Z A = 6 ||12 = 4,
IP =
480
= 120 A rms
4
I L = 3I P = 208 A rms
44 (B) I =
I aA (10 + j 4)
= 10 20
(10 + j 4) + ( 4 + j 4)
IaA
Iac
Iab
Ibc
IbB
b
icC
Fig. S.1.7.44
I aA = 15 - 27.9 A rms
|I |
I ab = - aA ( q + 30 ) = 8.67 - 122.1 A rms
3
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71
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
1.8
CIRCUIT ANALYSIS IN THE S-DOMAIN
s2 + 1
s2 + 2 s + 1
2 s2 + 1
(C) 2
s + 2s + 2
1. Z ( s) = ?
2( s 2 + 1)
( s + 1) 2
s2 + 1
(D)
3s + 2
(A)
1F
2H
Z(s)
1W
1W
(B)
4. Z ( s) = ?
1W
Z(s)
1H
1W
s 2 + 3s + 1
s( s + 1)
2 s 2 + 3s + 1
(D)
2 s( s + 1)
(B)
Fig. P1.8.1
s 2 + 15
. s+1
(A)
s( s + 1)
2 s 2 + 3s + 2
(C)
s( s + 1)
0.5 F
Fig. P1.8.4
2. Z ( s) = ?
3s 2 + 8 s + 7
s(5 s + 6)
3s 2 + 7 s + 6
(C)
s(5 s + 6)
s(5 s + 6)
3s 2 + 8 s + 7
s(5 s + 6)
(D)
3s 2 + 7 s + 6
(B)
(A)
1F
Z(s)
1W
1H
1W
Fig. P1.8.2
s + s+1
s( s + 1)
s( s + 1)
(C)
2 s2 + s + 1
2s + s + 1
s( s + 1)
s( s + 1)
(D) 2
s + s+1
3W
(A)
(B)
6V
3F
+
vC
Fig. P1.8.5
3. Z ( s) = ?
3W
3W
+
1
3s
1H
Z(s)
2W
1F
Fig. P1.8.3
6 V
s
(A)
(C) Both A and B
Page
72
1
3s
VC(s)
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+
VC(s)
-
(B)
(D) None of these
2A
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 1.8
P1.8.6 is
+
12 W
2A
2H
1H
1H
1F
1F
vL
v1
1F
1F
1F
+
v2
-
Fig. P1.8.6
Fig. P1.8.9
(A)
(B)
+
(A)
( s 2 + 2)
5 s + 5 s2 + 1
(B)
s2 + 1
5 s + 5 s2 + 1
(C)
( s 2 + 2) 2
5 s4 + 5 s2 + 1
(D)
( s 2 + 1) 2
5 s4 + 5 s2 + 1
2s
12 W
12 W
VL
2A
s
VL
2s
4V
-
Y12 =
Statement for Q.7-8:
K ( s + 1)
( s + 2)( s + 4)
3
W
2
i1
i2
1W
+
+
is
1W
1H
io
v1
+
vs
1F
1F
1W
2F
2F
Fig. P1.8.10
The value of K is
(A) -3
V ( s)
7. H1 ( s) = o
=?
Vs ( s)
(C)
(A) s( s3 + 2 s2 + 3s + 1) -1
(B) 3
1
3
(D) -
1
3
(B) ( s 3 + 3s 2 + 2 s + 1) -1
(C) ( s 3 + 2 s 2 + 3s + 2) -1
(D) s( s 3 + 3s 2 + 2 s2 + 2) -1
1F
I o( s)
=?
Vs ( s)
t=0
12 V
(A)
-s
( s + 3s + 2 s + 1)
(B) -( s 3 + 3s 2 + 2 s + 1) -1
(C)
-s
3
2
( s + 2 s + 3s + 1)
(D) ( s 3 + 2 s 2 + 3s + 2) -1
v2
Fig. P1.8.78
vo
8. H 2 ( s) =
1W
i1
3H
2W
i2
1F
Fig. P1.8.11
2 + 3s + s
(A)
-3s
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- 3s
1
2+
s
12
I1 ( s) s
I ( s) =
2 0
Page
73
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
2 + 3s + s
(B)
-3s
- 3s
1
2+
s
12
I1 ( s) - s
I ( s) =
2 0
-3s
2 + 3s + s
(C)
2 + 3s +
-3s
12
I1 ( s) - s
=
1 I 2 ( s)
0
-3s
2 + 3s + s
(D)
2 + 3s +
-3s
12
I1 ( s) s
=
1 I 2 ( s)
0
s
Networks
3F
S1
-
4F
Va
+
5V
10 V
2F
1V
S2
+
6V
5V
Fig. P1.8.14
(A)
9
t
(B) 9e - t V
(C) 9 V
(D) 0 V
4 A
+
Vo(s)
-
2W
(s+1)
2Vo(s)
(A)
3
4
(C)
3
4
V, I V
1
4
V,
3
4
(D) 1 V,
3
4
(B)
V, 0 V
Fig. P1.8.12
(A) VTH ( s) =
-8( s + 2)
-(2 s + 1)
, Z TH ( s) =
3s( s + 1)
3s
(B) VTH ( s) =
8( s + 2)
(2 s + 1)
, Z TH ( s) =
3s( s + 1)
3s
(C) VTH ( s) =
4( s + 3)
(2 s + 1)
, Z TH ( s) =
3s( s + 1)
6s
50 W
1m H
2.5 mF
v1
+
vC
Fig. P1.8.16
4
-4( s + 3)
-(2 s + 1)
(D) VTH ( s) =
, Z TH ( s) =
3s( s + 1)
6s
(A)
1
15
[10 e-10
(B)
1
15
[ -10 e -10
V ( s) ( s + 3)
=
I ( s) ( s + 2) 2
Z ( s) =
Thevenin equivalent is
- 3e-2 10
t
4
- 22 e-4 10 t ]u( t) A
+ 3e -2 10
+ 3e-2 10
+ 22 e -4 10 t ]u( t) A
4
+ 22 e-4 10 t ]u( t) A
+ 3e -2 10
- 22 e -4 10 t ]u( t) A
t=0
1F
1F
+
vC2
-
iin
50 W
20 mF
Fig. P1.8.13
(A) u( t) V
(C) 0.5 e
-t
(B) 0.5 u( t) V
V
Fig. P1.8.17
(D) e - t V
-
(A) 164e- t V
(B) 208e- t V
+
vC
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 1.8
(A) 6 V
(B) 0 V
Z(0) = 3, the Z ( s) is
(C)
(D) 2 V
jw
23.
-3
transformed
VC ( s) =
-1
4( s + 3)
s2 + s + 1
(B)
2( s + 3)
(C) 2
s + 2s + 2
2( s + 3)
2
s + 2s + 2
4( s + 3)
(D) 2
s + s+2
20 s + 6
(10 s + 3)( s + 4)
(B) - 0.12 mA
(C) 0.48 mA
(D) - 0.48 mA
1H
60 mF
the
(A) 0.12 mA
iin
across
Fig. P1.8.18
(A)
voltage
capacitor is given by
-1
The
1W
1F
10
s( s + 2)
(B) 20 V
(C) 10 V
(D) 5 V
1W
is stable if
4W
1F
1H
Fig. P1.8.1921
19.
I o( s)
=?
I in ( s)
(A)
( s + 1)
2s
+
+
v1 Amplifier v
2
gain=K
-
2W
(B) 2 s( s + 1) -1
(C) ( s + 1) s -1
Fig.P1.8.25
(D) s( s + 1) -1
(A) K 3
(C) K
(A) 4d( t) - e- t u( t) A
(B) 4 d( t) - 4 e- t u( t) A
(B) K 3
1
3
(D) K
1
3
(C) 4 e - t u( t) - 4 d( t) A
2F
1W
(D) e - t u( t) - d( t) A
(B) (1 - e - t ) u( t) A
(C) u( t) A
(D) (2 - e - t ) u( t) A
Kv2
1W
1F
v2
-
Fig.P1.8.26
2s + 6
s( s + 3)
5
2
2
(C) K
5
(A) K
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5
2
2
(D) K
5
(B) K
Page
75
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
(A) H 1 -
4
(B) H 1 +
4
(C) H 4 -
4
(D) H 4 +
4
Io
is
Is
(A)
s( s + 4)
s + 3s + 4
(B)
s( s + 4)
( s + 1)( s + 3)
(C)
s 2 + 3s + 4
s( s + 4)
(D)
( s + 1)( s + 3)
s( s + 4)
(C) s
Networks
1
s
(C) ( 3e - t - e -3t ) u( t) A
(D) ( e -3t - 3e - t ) u( t) A
1F
4
3
2
2H
vs
2W
vo
-
1
(B) 2 W, 2 H, F
2
Fig. P1.8.34
1
(C) 1 W, 2 H, F
2
(D) 1 W, 1 H, 1 F
10( s + 2)
Io = 2
s ( s + 11s + 30)
The response is
(A) Under damped
Vo( s) =
10
s( s 2 + 8 s + 16)
The response is
Statement for Q.31-33:
io
1F
is
4W
(A) 5 e -2 t u( t)
(B) -3e -2 t u( t)
(C) 4 e -2 t u( t)
(D) -4 e -2 t u( t)
Fig. P1.8.31-33
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76
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2 dvs
dt
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
4W
2H
1W
10 V
1F
+
vC
(B) RL admittance
(D) LC admittance
(C)
1. It is a first order circuit with steady state value of
10
5
, i= A
vC =
3
3
2. It is a second order circuit with steady state of
vC = 2 V , i = 2 A
V ( s)
has one pole.
I ( s)
V ( s)
has two poles.
I ( s)
(D)
(B) 1 and 4
(C) 2 and 3
(D) 2 and 4
(B) RC admittance
(C) LC admittance
Z ( s) =
3W
s 2 + 10 s + 24
represent a
s 2 + 8 s + 15
1F
(C) LC impedance
3W
8F
1F
(A)
(B)
1F
1W
1H
1F
s( 3s + 8)
40. The network function
represents an
( s + 1)( s + 3)
1W
3W
(C)
(A) RL admittance
(B) RC impedance
(C) RC admittance
1W
s( s + 4)
represents
( s + 1)( s + 2)( s + 3)
(B) RL impedance
1W
1F
(C) LC impedance
(A) RC impedance
3( s + 2)( s + 4)
s( s + 3)
(B) RL impedance
an
s 2 + 8 s + 15
is a
s2 + 6 s + 8
(A) RC admittance
s( s + 2)( s + 6)
( s + 1)( s + 4)
(A) RLadmittance
s2 + 7 s + 6
is a
s+2
Fig. P1.8.37
Chap 1.8
( s + 1)( s + 4)
is a
s( s + 2)( s + 5)
1H
3W
(D)
************
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77
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
18. (B) Z ( s) =
K ( s + 3)
K ( s + 3)
= 2
( s - ( -1 + j))( s - (1 - j)) s + 2 s + 2
3K
Z (0) =
=3
2
I ( s)
19. (D) o
=
I in ( s)
K =2
s
s+1
s
1
+
s+1 s+1
4s
4
=4s+1
s+1
s
s+1
(2 s + 1) V2 ( s) = 2 sV1 ( s)
( 3s + 1)(2 s + 1) = 2 s(2 s + K )
2 s 2 + (5 - 2 K ) s + 1 = 0,
5
5 - 2 K > 0, K <
2
io( t) = 4 d( t) - 4 e - t u( t)
H ( s + a)
s+4
27. (A) H ( s) =
1
,
s2
1
1
1
I o( s) =
= s( s + 1) s s + 1
21. (B) I in ( s) =
H 1 -
H ( s + a) Ha
4
R( s) =
=
+
s( s + 4)
4s
s+4
io( t) = u( t) - e - t u( t) = (1 - e - t ) u( t)
22. (D) vC ( ) = lim sVC ( s) = lim
s 0
KV2 ( s) + 2 sV2 ( s)
1 + 2s + s
( 3s + 1) V1 ( s) = (2 s + K ) V2 ( s)
2 sV1 ( s)
V2 ( s) =
2s + 1
20. (B) I in ( s) = 4
I o( s) =
Networks
s 0
r ( t) =
2s + 6
=2 V
s+3
Ha
a
u( t) + H 1 - e - 4 t
4
4
CdvC
iC =
dt
s(20 s + 6)
=2 V
(10 s + 3)( s + 4)
I C ( s) = C[ sVC ( s) - vC (0 )]
s(20 s + 6)
-480 10 -6 (10 s + 3)
= 60 10 -6
- 2 =
10 s 2 + 43s + 12
(10 s + 3)( s + 4)
R
1
1
s +
C
L
sC =
29. (D) Z ( s) =
R
1
1
s2 +
sL + R +
+
L LC
sC
K ( s + 1)
K ( s + 1)
Z ( s) =
= 2
(
s
+ s + 1)
1
3
1
3
s + + j
s + - j
2
2
2
2
( sL + R)
I o( s) 2
s
2
, I o( s) = 2
,
=
s2 + 1
s + 1 Vin ( s) s
d iL
VL ( s) = L [ sI L ( s) - iL (0 + )]
dt
10
iL (0 + ) = lim sI L ( s) =
=0
s
s+2
24. (A) vL = L
VL ( s) =
s 40
= 40
s+2
s2 + ( 6 - 2 K ) s + 1 = 0
(6 - 2K ) > 0
Page
80
1
Cs
R
40 s
40
=
s( s + 2) s + 2
vL (0 + ) = lim sVL ( s) =
sL
Z(s)
Fig. S1.8.29
C = 1, L = 1, R = 1
s 2 ( s + 6) ( s + 5) =0
K <3
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31. (B)
Io
s+4
s( s + 4)
=
=
3
Is s + 4 +
( s + 1)( s + 3)
s
admittance function.
2
I s ( s) =
s
Chap 1.8
2( s + 4)
3
1
=
( s + 1)( s + 3)
s+1 s+ 3
io = ( 3e- t - e-3t ) u( t) A
V ( s)
2
1
34. (B) o
=
= 2
4
Vs ( s)
+ 2s + 2 s + s + 2
s
42. (A)
s 2 + 7 s + 6 ( s + 1)( s + 6)
=
s+2
( s + 2)
s( s 2 + 8 s + 16) = 0, ( s + 4) 2 = 0, s = -4, - 4
43. (D)
36. (B) vo = e -2 t u( t)
vs = vs +
2 dvs
dt
Vo( s) = H ( s) Vs ( s) =
1
s+2
Vs( s) = (1 + 2 s) Vs ( s)
44. (A)
Vo( s) = H ( s) Vs( s) = (1 + 2 s) Vs ( s) H ( s)
Vo( s) =
1 + 2s
3
=2 s+2
s+2
vo = 2 d( s) - 3e -2 t u( t)
10
=2 A , v =2 1 =2 V
4+1
I ( s) =
10
2s + 4 +
V ( s) =
1
1
1+ s
2
10
1
1+ s
2
1
(2 s + 4) +
1
1+ s
2
s 2 + 8 s + 15 ( s + 3) ( s + 5)
=
s 2 + 6 s + 8 ( s + 2) ( s + 4)
5( s + 2)
( s + 2) 2 + 1
**************
10
( s + 2) 2 + 1
V ( s)
2
, It has one pole at s = -2
=
I ( s) s + 2
38. (D)
s 2 + 10 s + 24 ( s + 4)( s + 6)
=
s 2 + 8 s + 15 ( s + 3)( s + 5)
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
1.9
MAGNETICALLY COUPLED CIRCUITS
i1
1H
+
2H
v1
(A) -6 e -2 t V
(B) 6 e -2 t V
(C) 15
. e -2 t V
(D) -15
. e -2 t V
v2
1H
i2
i1
2H
Fig. P1.9.1-2
v1
2H
3H
v2
1. v1 = ?
(A) -16 cos 2 t V
(B) 16 cos 2 t V
(C) 4 cos 2 t V
(D) -4 cos 2 t V
Fig. P1.9.5-6
2. v2 = ?
(A) 2 cos 2 t V
(B) -2 cos 2 t V
v2 are
(C) 8 cos 2 t V
(D) -8 cos 2 t V
v2 = -24 sin 4 t V
(B) v1 = 24 sin 4 t V,
v2 = -36 sin 4 t V
(C) v1 = 15
. sin 4 t V,
v2 = sin 4 t V
(D) v1 = -15
. sin 4 t V,
v2 = -sin 4 t V
i1
3H
+
v1
3H
+
4H
v2
-
Fig. P1.9.5-6
Page
82
(A) 24 cos 4 t V
(C) 15
. cos 4 t V
(D) -15
. cos 4 t V
v2 = 36 cos 3t V
(B) v1 = 24 cos 3t V,
v2 = -36 cos 3t V
v2 = 36 cos 3t V
v2 = -36 cos 3t V
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Chap 1.9
12. Leq = ?
3.6 H
and i2 = 4 sin 3t A.
Leq
1H
+
v1
1H
i2
i1
2H
1.4 H
+
v2
2H
Fig. P1.9.12
(A) 4 H
(B) 6 H
(C) 7 H
(D) 0 H
Fig. P1.9.7-8
7. v1 = ?
(A) 6( -2 cos t + 3 sin t) V
13. Leq = ?
4H
Leq
2H
8. v2 = ?
2H
(A) 2 H
(B) 4 H
(C) 6 H
(D) 8 H
14. Leq = ?
i2
i1
Fig. P1.9.13
4H
+
Leq
v1
3H
v2
4H
6H
4H
Fig. P1.9.14
Fig. P1.9.9-10
9. v1 =?
(A) 9(5 cos 3t + 3 sin 3t) V
(A) 8 H
(B) 6 H
(C) 4 H
(D) 2 H
15. Leq = ?
2H
10. v2 = ?
(A) 9( -4 sin 3t + 5 cos 3t) V
Leq
Fig. P1.9.15
i1
k=0.6
2H
4H
(A) 0.4 H
(B) 2 H
(C) 1.2 H
(D) 6 H
2.5 H
0.4 H
v2
Fig. P1.9.11
(A) 151.14 mJ
(B) 45.24 mJ
(C) 249.44 mJ
(D) 143.46 mJ
Page
83
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
Networks
20. Leq = ?
(D) 2 H, 3 H, 3 H
1H
1H
Leq
2H
17. Leq = ?
2H
2H
3H
Leq
2H
4H
Fig. P1.9.20
Fig. P1.9.17
(A) 0.2 H
(B) 1 H
(C) 0.4 H
(D) 2 H
(A) 1 H
(B) 2 H
(C) 3 H
(D) 4 H
21. Leq = ?
4H
18. Leq = ?
Leq
3H
Leq
3H
3H
2H
2H
3H
5H
Fig. P1.9.21
Fig. P1.9.18
41
(A)
H
5
(B)
49
H
5
51
H
5
(D)
39
H
5
(C)
(A) 1 H
(B) 2 H
(C) 3 H
(D) 4 H
Statement for Q.22-24:
connected together
(i) none
(ii) A to B
(iii) B to C
(iv) A to C
2H
a
A
2H
3H
6t A
20 H
C
5H
4H
3H
5H
Fig. P1.9.2224
1H
Fig. P1.9.19
(A) 60 V
(B) -60 V
(C) 180 V
(D) 240 V
Page
84
4H
6H
15t A
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(A) 45 V
(B) 33 V
(A)
1 H
0.875 H
0.6 H
0.75 H
(C) 69 V
(D) 105 V
(B)
13 H
0.875 H
0.6 H
0.75 H
(C)
13 H
7.375 H
6.6 H
2.4375 H
(A) 30 V
(B) 0 V
(D)
1 H
7.375 H
6.6 H
2.4375 H
(C) -36 V
(D) 36 V
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
Networks
delivered to RL is
10 W
2H
Zin
1 : 4
4W
2H
2H
100 Vrms
RL
Fig. P1.9.33
(A) 1 F
(C)
1
3
Fig. P1.9.37
(B)
1
2
(D)
1
6
vin
0.12 H
(B) 200 W
(C) 150 W
(D) 100 W
40 W
0.09 H
(A) 250 W
300 W
0.27 H
2F
I1
I2
+
+
vout
-
50 Vrms
+
8W
V1
-
-0.04V2
Fig. P1.9.34
5 : 1
Fig. P1.9.38
(A) 100 mF
(B) 75 mF
(A) 8 W
(B) 1.25 kW
(C) 50 mF
(D) 25 mF
(C) 625 kW
(D) 2.50 kW
20 W
4W
40 W
k=0.5
vin
0.12 H
25 W
1 : a
+
0.27 H
20 W
100 Vrms
vout
1 : b
100 W
Fig. P1.9.39
Fig. P1.9.35
(A) 3.33 mF
(B) 33.33 mF
(C) 3.33 mF
(D) 33.33 mF
(A) 6, 0.47
(B) 5, 0.89
(C) 0.89, 5
(D) 0.47, 6
40. I 2 = ?
25 W
I2
2W
3 : 1
1 : 4
50 Vrms
4 : 3
3W
20Ix
20 W
Fig. P1.9.40
Ix
b
Fig. P1.9.36
Page
86
V2
-
(A) 6 V, 10 W
(B) 6 V, 4 W
(C) 0 V, 4 W
(D) 0 V, 10 W
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
41. V2 = ?
Chap 1.9
SOLUTIONS
50 W
40 W
1. (B) v1 = 2
5 : 2
80 Vrms
10 W
V2
2. (C) v2 = (1)
Fig. P1.9.41
(A) -12.31 V
(B) 12.31 V
(C) -9.231 V
(D) 9.231 V
di2
di
di
+ (1) 1 = 1 = 8 cos 2 t V
dt
dt
dt
3. (B) v1 = 3
di1
di
di
- 3 2 = - 3 2 = - 24 cos 4 t V
dt
dt
dt
4. (C) v2 = 4
di
di2
di
- 3 1 = - 3 1 = 6 e -2 t V
dt
dt
dt
di1
di
di
- 2 2 = 2 1 = -24 sin 4 t V
dt
dt
dt
di2
di1
di1
v2 = -3
+2
=2
= -24 sin 4 t V
dt
dt
dt
5. (A) v1 = 2
4W
1 : 2
10 Vrms
di1
di
di
+ 1 2 = 2 1 = 16 cos 2 t V
dt
dt
dt
1 : 5
48 W
400 W
di1
di
di
- 2 2 = - 2 2 = - 24 cos 3t V
dt
dt
dt
di
di
di
v2 = 3 2 + 2 1 = -3 2 = -36 cos 3t V
dt
dt
dt
6. (D) v1 = 2
Fig. P1.9.42
(A) 3 W
(B) 6 W
(C) 9 W
(D) 12 W
7. (A) v1 = 2
43. I x = ?
8W
di1
di
+1 2
dt
dt
10 W
2 : 1
1000 V
o
8. (A) v2 = 2
j6
-j4
Ix
9. (A) v1 = 3
Fig. P1.9.43
(A) 1921
.
57.4 A
(B) 2.93159.4 A
(D) 179
. 43.6 A
di1
di
-3 2
dt
dt
44. Z in = ?
j16
di2
di
+1 1
dt
dt
6W
1 : 5
6W
24 W
4 : 1
Zin
di2
di
+3 1
dt
dt
11. (A) W =
-j10
1
1
L1 i12 + L2 i22 + Mi1 i2
2
2
Fig. P1.9.44
1
1
(2.5)( 4.7) 2 + (0.4)(18.8) 2 + 0.6( 4.7)(18.8)
2
2
= 151.3 mJ
12. (C) Leq = L1 + L2 + 2 M = 7 H
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87
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
Networks
22. (C) v AG = 20
L1 L2 - M 2
24 - 16
=
=4 H
L1 + L2 - 2 M 6 + 4 - 8
L1 L2 - M 2
8 -4
=
= 0.4 H
L1 + L2 + 2 M 6 + 4
d( 6 t)
d(15 t)
+4
= 180 V
dt
dt
d(15 t)
d 6( t)
d ( 6 t)
+4
-6
= 33 V
dt
dt
dt
d( 6 t)
= -36 V
dt
L1 + L2 = 4.4, M = 1.3
w2 M 2
Z 22
2
L1 L2 - M 2
= 0.5, L1 L2 - 1.32 = 0.5 1.8
L1 + L2 - 2 M
1
(50) 2
1
5
= 4 + j (50)
+
10 5 + j (50) 1
2
= 4.77 + j 115
. W
M
4
= 4 - =2 H
L2
2
M
9
=5 - =2 H
L2
3
-1 H
2H
= 4 - 179.1
3H
2H
5H
I 2 = -0.4 - j0.0064,
Vo = 10 I 2 = -4 - j0.064
vo = 4 cos (100 pt - 179.1 ) V
30 30
= 2.57 - j0.043
(10 + j 6)
Vo = I ( j12 - j 4 + 10)
VL 2 = 2 sI + 1sI - 2 sI = sI ,
= (2.57 - j0.043)(10 + 8 j)
VL 3 = 3sI - 2 sI = sI
VL = VL1 + VL 2 + VL 3 = 4 sI
I=
Leq = 4 H
29. (A)
-j
2W
- Vx +
respectively
I1 = I 2 + I 3 , V2 = V3
3-90o A
3I 2 + I1 = 2 I 3
4
I1
I 2 = , I 3 = I1
5
5
j4
j4
I1
4I2 = I3
Page
88
2W
Fig. S1.9.29
( - j + 2 + j 4) I1 - jI 2 = - j 3
( j 4 + 2) I 2 - jI1 = -12 30 V
I1 = -1.45 - j0.56,
.
Vx = -2 I1 = 2.9 + j112
= 311
. 2112
. V
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I2
1230 V
o
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 1.9
20 W
30. (D)
j8
j10
0.03 H
j10
j20
j10
0.09 H
Fig. P1.9.34
= 112
. + j112
. W
L1
L 1L2 - M
L1L2 - M
L2
L1 L2 - M 2
=
M
w2 M 2
Z L + jwL2
= j250 10 3 2 10 -6 +
L1L2 - M 2
L1 - M
Fig. S1.9.35
M 2 = 160 10 -12
32. (D) M = k L1 L2 ,
L2 - M
( - j 6)(0.52 + j15.7)
= 0.20 - j9.7 W
( - j 6 + 0.52 + j15.7)
Z in = jwL1 +
j30
-j3
1000C
( j14) ( j10 + 2 - j 6)
= 10 + j 8 +
j14 + j10 + 2 - j 6
Z in =
Vout
-
2F
Fig. S.1.9.30
Z eq
0.18 H
+
Vin
j18
40 W
L1 L2 (1 - k2 )
0.12 0.27 (10
. .5 2 )
=
= 0.27
0.5
k
Output is zero if
(250 10 3)2 160 10 -12
2 + j10 + j 250 10 3 80 10 -6
Z in = 0.02 + j0.17 W
C=
-j
+ jCw = 0
0.27 w
1
= 33.33 mF
0.27 w2
33. (D)
-j
2C
60 W
j2 2
V1
I1
j4
1 : 4
j4
I2
4W
20 W
1V
20Ix
Ix
Fig. S.1.9.33
V1 = -
jI1
+ j 4 I1 + j2 2 I 2
2C
0 = ( 4 + 4 j) I 2 + j2 2 I1
I2 =
- j 2 I1
2 (1 + j)
2
V1 - j
- j + j 8 C + 2 C - j2 C
=
+ j4 +
=
1+ j
I1 2 C
2C
Z in =
- j + j8C + 2C - j 2C
2C
Im ( Z in ) = 0
C=
- j + j 8 C - j2 C = 0
1
6
34. (A) j 30 -
3j
= 0, C = 100 mF
1000 C
Fig. S1.9.36
Vab = 1 V, I x =
1
= 0.05 A, V2 = 4 V ,
20
4 = 60 I 2 + 20 0.05
I 2 = 0.05 A
I in = I x + I1 = I x + 4 I 2 = 0.25 A
1
RTH =
=4W ,
VTH = 0
I in
37. (A) Impedance seen by RL = 10 4 2 = 160 W
For maximum power RL = 160 W, Z o = 10 W
2
100
PLmax =
10 = 250 W
10 + 10
38. (B) I 2 =
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V2
I
V
, I1 = 2 = 2 , V1 = 5 V2
8
5 40
Page
89
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
1.10
TWO PORT NETWORK
I1
2W
I2
+
3W
1W
V1
V2
Fig. P.1.10.14
1. [ z ] = ?
1
(A) 2
- 17
6
17
(C) 6
-1
6
3
2
1
2
(B) 2
17
6
3
2
1
2
1
2
3
2
17
(D) 6
1
6
1
2
3
2
3. [ h] = ?
3
6
17
17
(A)
24
3
17
17
(B) 3
- 1
3
1
3
2
3
(C) 17
- 3
17
(D) 3
1
3
1
-
3
2
3
3
17
24
17
4. [ T ] = ?
17
8
(A) 3
3
2
17
(B) 3
-2
17
- 8
(C) 3
2 - 3
17
(D) 3
5. [ z ] = ?
2W
I1
- 8
- 8
- 3
2W
I2
+
1W
V1
2. [ y ] = ?
1
3
8
8
(A)
1
17
8
24
(B) 8
- 1
8
17
(C) 6
1
2
17
(D) 6
- 1
8
1
2
3
2
1
8
17
24
1
-
2
3
2
3W
2W
V2
-
Fig. P.1.10.5
(A)
21
16
1
8
21
(C) 16
- 1
8
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1
8
7
12
(B)
7
9
1
6
1
6
7
4
1
8
7
12
(D)
7
9
1
3
1
3
7
4
Page
91
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
6. [ y ] = ?
Networks
11. [ y ] = ?
2W
1W
I1
3W
V2
V1
+
2W
V1
1W
1W
I1
I2
+
2W
1W
2
41
19
41
11
(B) 41
- 2
41
2
41
19
41
19
(C) 41
2
41
2
41
11
41
19
(D) 41
- 2
41
2
41
11
41
(A)
-1
1
2
3
2
(C) 2
- 1
4
(B)
3
2
1
2
-1
1
(D) 4
1
2
1
2
3
4
3
4
1
2
12. [ z ] = ?
2W
I1
is
V2
Fig. P.1.10.11
11
(A) 41
2
41
port
I1
Fig. P.1.10.6
A two
I2
described
by
V1 = I1 + 2 V2 ,
2V1
I2
I 2 = - 2 I1 + 0.4 V2
1W
V1
7. [ z ] = ?
2W
V2
11
(A)
-5
-5
2.5
11 5
(B)
5 2.5
1
(C)
5
-2
0.4
1
(D)
-2
Fig. P.1.10.12
2
0.4
(A) 3
- 2
3
2
3
2
3
(B)
1
2
1
2
1
-
2
2
(C) 3
4
3
2
3
2
3
(D)
1
2
1
2
8. [ y ] = ?
11 5
(A)
5 2.5
1
(B)
-2
-2
4.4
-2 4.4
(C)
4 -2
11
(D)
- 5
-5
2.5
1
-
2
13. [ y ] = ?
2W
2W
I1
I2
9. [ h] = ?
3
(A)
4
- 6
- 4
1
(C)
-2
4
(B)
-2
-2
4.4
2
0.4
11
(D)
5
5
2.5
0.5
0.5
2. 2 - 0.5
(B)
0. 2 - 0.5
10. [ T ] = ?
2. 2
(A)
0. 2
1
(C)
-2
Page
92
2
0.4
-2
1
(D)
-2 - 0.4
2W
V1
2V1
1W
V2
Fig. P.1.10.13
(A)
7
4
1
2
(C)
10
19
6
19
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1
-
4
5
4
2
19
14
19
(B)
7
4
3
4
(D)
6
19
10
19
1
4
5
4
14
19
2
19
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
14. [ z ] = ?
Chap 1.10
17. [ z ] = ?
4V3
I1
2W
I1
2W
I2
+
+
I1
I2
2W
2I2
1W
V1
V3
2W
V1
1W
Fig. P.1.10.17
3
(A)
6
Fig. P.1.10.14
2
(A)
3
3
3
-3
(B)
3
- 2
3
3
(C)
3
3
2
3
(D)
-3
3
- 2
(C)
15. [ z ] = ?
2V1
2W
I1
2
1
7
4
1
2
+
2W
V1
2W
3
3V
2 2
I1
Fig. P.1.1.15
2
(C)
3
2
(D)
1
2
7
4
1V
5 1
4W
I2
+
1V
10 2
V1
2
(A) 3
1
7
V2
6
(B)
18. [ T ] = ?
I2
V2
V2
2W
4W
V2
-2
(B)
3
2
-2
2 -2
(D) 3
2
2
Fig. P.1.10.18
0.35 - 1
(A)
2 - 3.33
- 3.33
2
(B)
0
.
35
- 1
2
(C)
0.35
0.35
(D)
2
3.33
1
1
3.33
19. [ h] = ?
16. [ y ] = ?
I1
1W
2W
I1
I2
V2
2W
I2
+
+
+
3W
V1
1
2 I2
V1
V2
4W
V2
V2
-
Fig. P.1.10.19
1
-1
(A)
-1 - 2
1 - 1
(B)
1 - 2
4
(A)
-2
1
2
- 3
3
(C)
- 1 - 1
3
3
1
2
- 3 - 3
(D)
1 - 1
3
3
4 - 2
(C)
1
2
Fig. P.1.10.16
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3
2
1
2
-2
(B)
4
1
2
3
2
2
(D)
4
1
2
3
-
2
Page
93
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Z ab
Z + Z ab
(A) a
Z b + Z ab
Z ab
Z - Z ab
(B) a
Z ab
Z + Z ab
(C) a
- Z ab
Z - Z a
(D) ab
Z ab
- Z ab
Z b + Z ab
Z b - Z ab
Z ab
- Z b
Z ab
Z ab
Chap 1.10
The value of
Vo
is
Vs
(A)
3
32
(B)
1
16
(C)
2
33
(D)
1
17
27. [ y ] = ?
Yab
Ya
2
[T ] =
1
Yb
1
.
1
Y + Yab
(A) a
- Yab
- Yab
Yb + Yab
Y - Yab
(B) a
Yab
Yab
Yb - Yab
Y - Ya
(C) ab
Yab
Yab
Yab - Ya
Y - Yab
(D) a
- Yab
- Yab
Yb - Yab
3
S
2
(A) 1
(B)
1
2
1
3
3
(C)
5
3
1
3
1
3
2
3
2
(D) 1
31. [ y ] = ?
2W
1W
1W
1W
2W
1W
2
1W
[ y] = 5 3
1 2
Fig. P.1.10.31
19
(A) 10
- 9
10
Fig. P.1.10.28
6
(A)
2
4
S
3
6
(B)
0
2
S
3
5
(C)
2
4
S
2
4
(D)
2
4
S
1
(C)
2 0
29. For the 2-port of fig. P.1.10.29, [ ya ] =
mS
0 10
19
10
9
10
-9
10
31
10
9
10
31
10
19
(B) 10
- 7
10
-7
10
31
10
(D)
7
10
31
10
19
10
7
10
32. [ y ] = ?
2F
I1(s)
60 W
I2(s)
+
[ ya]
Vs
100 W
+
Vo
-
300 W
V1(s)
1W
3
2F
2V1(s)
1W
4
2F
V2(s)
-
Fig. P.1.10.32
Fig. P.1.10.29
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95
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
s+3
(A)
2 s + 2
s+3
(B)
-2 s - 2
2 s
4
s + 3 - 2 s
(C)
-2 s - 2 4
- 2s
4 s + 4
Networks
3s + 3 - 2 s
(D)
- 2 s - 2 4 s + 4
I1
0.5V1
1W
I2
+
2W
33. h21 = ?
V1
I1
+
V1
V2
I2
aI1
+
R
Fig. P.1.10.37
V2
Fig. P.1.10.33
(A) -
3
2
(B)
1
2
(C) -
1
2
(D)
3
2
(A) 2
(B) -2
(C) 1
(D) -1
38. Z in = ?
Zin
I2
I1
1 kW
Vs
[ y] = 4 -0.1 mS
50 1
V1
V2
1 kW
V1
Linear
Resistive
Network
(A) 86.4 W
(B) 64.3 W
(C) 153.8 W
(D) 94.3 W
39. V1 , V2 = ?
25 W
Fig. P.1.10.34
(A) 0.1 A
(B) 1 A
(C) 10 A
(D) 100 A
+
[ y] = 10 -5 mS
50 20
V1
100 V
V2
100 W
Fig. P.1.10.39
(A) -68.6 V,
114.3 V
(C) 114.3 V,
- 68.6 V
(D) -114.3 V,
68.6 V
(A) 3
(B) 8 S
(C) 8 W
(D) 9
Page
96
3
(D)
2
20
[z ] =
40
2
W
10
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
[z ] =
7
4
1
2
Chap 1.10
Z R = n2 4 = 36
ZR
I1=0
+
1 : 3
+
V1
I2
4W
V2
9W
V1
-
V2
loop
I1 =
V2
+ I 3,
10
I1 = 0.35 V2 - I 2
V2 = 4( I 2 + I 3)
I 3 = 0.25 V2 - I 2
...(i)
V1 = 4 I1 - 0.2 V1 + V2
V1 = 2 V2 - 3.33I 2
...(ii)
I
1
19. (A) V2 = 4 I 2 + I1 - 2 I 2 = -2 I1 + V2
2
2
( V - V2 ) - V2
I
V
V
= -I1 + 2 + 1 - V2
I1 = 2 + 1
2
2
4
2
3
V1 = 4 I1 + V2
2
...(ii)
V1
-
V2
9 W V2
-
Fig. S1.10.23a
4
V2 = V2 = nV1 = 3 I1
5
z11 =
V1
= 0.8
I1
z 21 =
V2
+ 0( -I 2 ),
5
...(ii)
I1 = (0) V2 + 5( -I 2 )
...(i)
...(ii)
I2=0
1 : 3
V2 = 2 sI1 + 3sI 2
...(ii)
...(i)
V2 = sI1 + (2 + 2 s) I 2
ZR
4
I1
5
V2 = ( Z a + Z ab ) I 2 + Z ab I1 = Z ab I1 + ( Z a + Z ab ) I 2
...(ii)
9 9
= =1
n2 9
V1 = ( 4||1) I1 =
V2 = 3sI 2 + 2 sI1
...(i)
...(i)
...(i)
I1
1
+ sI1 + sI 2 = + s I1 + sI 2
s
s
4W
V1 = 6 sI1 + 2 sI 2
I1 = V1 ( Ya + Yab ) - V2 Yab
V2
= 2.4,
I1
....(ii)
...(i)
I1 = (2 + j2) V1 - jV2
V2
+ V1 + j( V2 - V1 ) = (1 - j) V1 + (1 + j) V2
I2 =
1
V1
I1
V2
= 7.2,
I2
26. (A) V1 = ( Z a + Z ab ) I1 + Z ab I 2
23. (D) Z R =
z 22 =
...(i)
V1 V1 - V2 3
3
+
= V1 - V2
1
2
2
2
V
V - V1 3
3
I 2 = 2 V1 + 2 + 2
= V1 + V2
1
2
2
2
25. (C) V1 =
V2 = 2 I 2 + 2 s I 2 + sI1
V2 = ( 36 || 9) I 2 = 7.2 I 2
z12 = z 21 = 2.4
. V1 = 4(0.35 V2 - I 2 ) + V2 = 2.4 V2 - 4 I 2
12
22. (B) V1 =
Fig. S1.10.23b
...(ii)
- 1
1
5
New y-parameter =
1
3 1 - 1
6
+
=
2 -1
1
0
2
.
3
-1
0
5000 0
2 mS
29. (A) [ z a ] =
= 0
100
mS
0
10
5000
[z ] =
0
0 100
+
100 100
100 600
=
100 100
100
200
1
1
2
1
1 5
=
1 3
3
2
V1 = 5 V2 - 3I 2 , I1 = 3V2 - 2 I 2
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99
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
3V1 - 5 I1 = I 2
V2 =
V1 =
5
1
I1 + I 2
3
3
...(i)
1
2
I1 + I 2
3
3
31. (B)
...(ii)
Networks
I 2
= 0.1, I 2 = 100 0.1 = 10
V1
1W
2W
C=8 S
2W
1W
2
1W
A 4
=
C 3
3
[ za ] =
1
1
2
3
5 - 5
2
1
, [ ya ] =
, [ yb ] =
2
3
- 1
- 1
5
2
5
19
[ y ] = [ ya ] + [ yb ] = 10
- 7
10
7
10
31
10
V1 = ( 6 + 2 a) I1 + 4 I 2
V2 = 2( I1 + I 2 ) + aI1
...(i)
V2 = (2 + a) I1 + 2 I 2
...(ii)
a =2
- 2s
3
, [ yb ] =
4 s
-2
3s
32. (D) [ ya ] =
-2 s
1
-
2
5
2
0
4
2F
10 3 I1 = 4 V1 + 2.5 V1 ,
V1 10 3
=
= 153.8
I1
6.5
39. (B) I1 = 10 10 -3 V1 - 5 10 -3 V2 ,
100 = 25 I1 + V1
2F
2F
100 - V1 = 0. 25 V1 - 0.125 V2
-3
800 = 10 V1 - V2
...(i)
-3
I 2 = 50 10 V1 + 20 10 V2 , V2 = -100 I 2
V2 = -5 V1 - 2 V2
Fig. S.1.10.32a
1W
3
I2
I1
I1
, -I 2 =
V2 = 0
- 2s
4 s + 4
I2
Fig. S.1.10.33
34. (C)
I2
V1
= y21 =
V2 = 0
1
= 0.1
10
V2 z 21
=
V1 z11
+
V1
V2 = 160 + 6.8 I 2
I
1
I1 R
, 2 =2
R + R I1
V1 = 20 I1 + 2 I 2
Fig. S.1.10.32b
V2 = -114.3 V.
100 = 25 I1 + 2 I 2 , V2 = 40 I1 + 10 I 2
800 - 5 V2 = -34 I 2
3s + 3
[ y ] = [ ya ] = [ yb ] =
-2 s - 2
3V2 + 5 V1 = 0
1W
4
2V1
V2
- y21
=
V1 ( y22 + yL )
43. (A) V2 = z 21 I1 + z 22 I 2 ,
V2 = -Z L I 2
V
V2 = z 21 I1 + z 22 - 2
ZL
V2 ( Z L + z 22 ) = z 21 Z L I1 ,
V2
z Z
= 21 L
I1 z 22 + Z L
**********
Page
100
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...(ii)
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
1.11
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
(B) 43 mH
(D) 1.6 mH
(A) 22
(C) 48
(A) 0.1 W
(C) 15.9 mW
(B) 100
(D) 200
(B) 0.2 W
(D) 500 W
resonant
admittance of 25 10
-3
(B) 90.86
(D) None of the above
A parallel
(A) 100
(C) 70.7
(B) 20 nF
(D) 60 mF
(A) 4.3 mH
(C) 0.16 mH
circuit
has
midband
(B) 20
(C) 30
(D) 10
4. The value of R is
(A) 40 W
(C) 80 W
(B) 56.57 W
(D) 28. 28 W
0.105v1
5. The value of C is
(A) 2 mF
(C) 10 mF
(B) 28.1 mF
(D) 14.14 mF
25 W
3V
(B) 25 mH
(C) 17.7 mH
(D) 50 mH
v1
4H
10 W
1
mF
4
+
vC
Fig. P1.11.11
(A) 3200 V
(C) -3 V
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(B) 3 V
(D) 1600 V
Page
101
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
10 W
Networks
16. H ( w) =
Vo
=?
Vi
v1 -
40 W
1 mH
Zin
vs
v1
2
50 nF
10 W
0.5 F
vO
Fig. P1.11.16
Fig. P1.11.12
(B) 55 kHz
(D) 286 kHz
(A) (5 + j20 w) -1
(B) (5 + j 4 w) -1
(C) (5 + j 30 w) -1
(D) 5(1 + j 6 w) -1
frequency fo is
10 mH
600 pF
vs
22 kW
60 mF
+
vO
1.8 W
Fig. P1.11.17
Fig. P1.11.13
14.
The
network
function
of
circuit
shown
fig.P1.11.14 is
in
(A) 20 rad s
(B) 20 Hz
(C) 10 rad s
4
V
H ( w) = o =
V1 1 + j0.01w
2 kW
10 W
15 kW
Vs
+
vi
+
vC
1 mF
+
vO
vo
AvC
Fig. P1.11.18
Fig. P1.11.14
(B) 5 mF, 10
(C) 5 mF, 6
(D) 10 mF, 10
15. H ( w) =
ia
Vo
=?
Vi
(A) 200 kW
(B) 150 kW
(C) 100 kW
(D) 50 kW
20 W
2H
+
vi
3ia
4H
0.25 F
vO
vs
30 W
+
vO
Fig. P1.11.15
0.6
(A)
jw(1 + j0. 2 w)
3
(C)
jw(1 + jw)
Page
102
0.6
jw(5 + jw)
3
(D)
jw(20 + j 4 w)
Fig. P1.11.19
(B)
(A) 20 rad s
(B) 20 Hz
(C) 40 rad s
(D) 40 Hz
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
Networks
SOLUTIONS
+
vs
2W
BW=
vo
30 mF
Fig.P1.11.30
2. (C) wo =
dB
c.
5.56 16.7
dB
/d
e
20
log w
5.56 16.7
5.56 16.7
.
0 dB
1
1
=
RBW
8 p 10 3 2 10 3
( w1 + w2 ) 2 p(90 + 86)k
=
= 176p krad s
2
2
1
L= 2 C
wo
1
= 0.16 mH
(176 p 10 ) (20 10 -9)
log w
wo 176 pk
=
= 22
8 pk
B
-40
-2
dB
B
0d
/de
/d
ec
log w
C =
3 2
3. (A) Q =
c.
5.56 16.7
log w
LC
(B)
(A)
0 dB
wo =
c.
dB
/de
40
= 19.89 nF
dB
1
RC
(C)
(D)
1
= 40 W
25 10 -3
5. (C) Q = wo RC
Q
80
C=
=
= 10 mF
wo R 200 10 3 40
***************
C
L
6. (B) Qo = R
8. (B) wo =
C=
BW =
1
LC
1
-3
10 10 (106 ) 2
R
L
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= 100 pF
R = 10 10 -3 10 3 = 10
R
L
R
= 15.9 2 p = 0.1 W
1 10 -3
10. (B) Q = R
Page
104
10 -6
L
C
50 10 -6
= 10 3
= 70.7
L
10 10 -3
9. (A) BW =
200 = 10 3
L = 25 mH
7. (C) Qo = R
C
L
1
R
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Frequency Response
= 8 10 3
0. 25 10 -6
= 20
40 10 -3
15. (A) I a =
125
I sc =
v1 = 100
1100
= 0.8 V
125
Chap 1.11
3
= 375
. W, wo =
0.8
1
LC
= 1000
w L 1000 4
= 1066.67
Qo = o =
375
.
R
|vC|max = Qo vTH = 1066.67 3 = 3200 V
12. (B) Applying 1 A at input port V1 = 10 V
Vtest = 10 + jw10
j
(5 + 1)
w50 10 -9
Z in = Vtest
wo 10 -3 =
6
wo 50 10 -9
wo = 346 kHz
fo = 55 kHz
10
10
jw(0.51)
16. (A) Z1 =
=
1
+ 10 1 + j 3w
jw0.5
Vo
Z1
=
=
Vi 40 + Z1
1
1
+
2 10 3 1.8 + jw10 -5
1.8 - jw10 -5
3. 24 + w2 10 -50
At resonance Im { Y } = 0
wo 6 10 -10 ( 324
. + w2o 10 -10 ) - wo 10 -5 = 0
3. 24 + w 10
2
o
-10
17. (D) H ( w) =
Vo = AVc
18. (D) H ( w) =
Vi
1 + j2 10 3 Cw
(15 k)
2 AVc
2 AVi
=
=
16 k + 30 k
3
3(1 + j2 10 3 Cw)
C = 5 mF
20 1 10 -6 R = 1
19. (A) H ( w) =
gain =
A = 6,
R = 50 kW.
Vo
R
=
Vs
1 + jwL
R
R +w L
2
30
900 + 4 w2 + 0.6
2
50 2 - 30 2
= 20 rad s
2
20. (A) H ( w) =
1
2 10 3 +
jCw
Vo
1
=
Vs 1 + jwCR
wCR = 1,
w=
2A
Vo
3
=
Vi 1 + j2 p 10 3 Cw
2A
=4
3
(1 + w2 RC)
w
fo = o = 2.05 MHz
2p
14. (C) VC =
Vo
1
=
Vi 1 + jwRC
gain =
Vi
jCw
10
1 + j5 w
10
+ 40
1 + j5 w
10
= (5 + j20 w) -1
50 + j200 w
phase shift
3I a
0. 25 jw
At resonance Im { Z in } = 0
Vo =
Vo
3
0.6
=
=
V1
jw(5 + jw) jw(1 + j0.2 w)
Vi
,
20 + j 4w
Vo
1
1
=
=
Vs 1 + jwCR 1 + j
1
1
=
= 0.707
| j + 1|
2
2 10 3 C = 0.01
22. (C) fo =
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1
2 p LC
Page
105
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 1
1
2 p 360 10
fo =
-12
240 10
-6
1
2 p 50 10
-12
240 10 -6
= 541 kHz
= 1.45 MHz
R=
Networks
1
. kW
= 106
2 p 15 10 10 -6
1
R2
- 2
LC L
1
= -40 log w
w2
R
400
10 7
=
=
-6
L 240 10
6
1
jw
1+
Vo
jw30 10 -3
.67
16
31. (D)
=
=
jw
1
Vs 6 +
1+
.
jw30 10 -3
356
1
1
1016
=
=
LC 240 10 -6 120 10 -12 288
23. (B) fo =
1
2p
2+
R
1
1
<
, fo =
= 938 kHz
L LC
2 p LC
1
, R and C should be as small as possible.
RC
(1.8)
R = ( 3.3)
= 1165
.
kW
3.3.+1.8
( 30)
C = (10)
= 7.5 pF
(10 + 30)
24. (B) wo =
w=
1
= 114.5 106 rad s
.
1165
7.5 10 -9
800
Km
40 10 -6 = 32 mF
=
K f L 1000
C =
C
10 -9
K F = 30
1000 = 0.375 pF
Km
80
26. (A) LC =
LC
K 2f
K 2f =
4 20 10 -3 10 -6
1 6
K f = 2 10 -4
(1)(20 10 -6 )
L L 2
K m2 =
= Km
(2) ( 4 10 -3)
C C
K m = 0.05
1
RC
1
= 15.9 W
R=
2 p 20 10 3 0.5 10 -6
1
RC
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***********
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
2.1
SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS
otherwise stated.
Property
Si
Ga As
Ge
material B is
Bandgap Energy
1.12
1.42
0.66
(A) 2016
(B) 47.5
Dielectric Constant
11.7
13.1
16.0
(C) 58.23
(D) 1048
Effective density of
2.8 1019
states in conduction
band N c (cm -3)
4.7 1017
104
. 1019
Effective density of
104
. 1019
states in valence
band N v(cm -3)
7.0 1018
Intrinsic carrier
concertration
ni (cm -3)
Mobility
Electron
Hole
15
. 1010
1.8 106
6.0 1018
2.4 1013
(C) 0.3 10 -6 cm -3
(D) 0.3 10 -6 m -3
1350
480
8500
400
3900
1900
(A) 2 1015 cm -3
(B) 1015 cm -3
(C) 3 1015 cm -3
(D) 4 1015 cm -3
(B) 4.4 10 4 cm -3
(C) 2.6 10 4 cm -3
concentration is
concentration p0 is
(A) 300 K
(B) 360 K
(A) 2.97 10 9 cm -3
(C) 382 K
(D) 364 K
(D) 2.4 cm -3
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 2
Electronics Devices
(A) +0.045 eV
(B) - 0.046 eV
(C) +0.039 eV
(D) - 0.039 eV
(B) 115
. 1011 cm -3
-3
(D) 5 10 cm
6
-3
(B) 195
. 1013 cm -3
(D) 396
. 1013 cm -3
(C) 39
. 1012 cm -3
(A) 12
. 1016 cm -3
-3
(A) 0.3 eV
(B) 0.2 eV
(C) 0.1 eV
(D) 0.4 eV
(A) 9.86 10 9 cm -3
(B) 7 cm -3
(C) 4.86 10 3 cm -3
(D) 3 cm -3
-3
and a donor
(A) 0.02 eV
(B) 0.04 eV
(C) 0.06 eV
(D)0.08 eV
Page
110
(A) 0.04 eV
(B) 0.08 eV
(C) 0.42 eV
(D) 0.86 eV
(B) 11.36 kW
(C) 1.36 mW
(D) 24.8 kW
(A) 763 K
(B) 942 K
(B) 8.7 10 21 cm -3
(C) 486 K
(D) 243 K
(D) 4.6 10 21 cm -3
cm 2 V - s. The doping
needed is
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Semiconductor Physics
Chap 2.1
sample is (m n = 800 cm V - s)
produced is
cm
(A) 43.2%
(B) 78.1%
(B) 263 cm s
(C) 96.3%
(D) 54.3%
(D) 482
22.
Six
volts
is
applied
across
cm
long
(B) 3 10 4 cm 2 V - s
(C) 6 10 4 cm 2 V - s
(D) 3333 cm 2 V - s
(A) 120 A cm 2
(B) 120 A cm 2
(C) 12 10 4 A cm 2
(D) 12 10 4 A cm 2
m n = 1000 cm 2 V - s ,
m p = 600 cm V - s ,
2
N c = N v = 10 cm
19
parameters,
-3
m n = 1000 cm 2 V - s,
T
N c = 2 1019
300
T
N v = 1 1019
300
T = 500 K is
(A) 2 10
-4
(C) 2 10
-5
(W - cm)
(W - cm)
-1
-1
(B) 4 10
-5
-1
(W - cm)
(D) 6 10
-3
(W - cm) -1
32
cm -3,
32
cm -3,
. eV.
E g = 11
An electric field of E = 10 V cm is applied. The
electric current density at 300 K is
(A) 2.3 A cm 2
(B) 1.6 A cm 2
(C) 9.6 A cm 2
(D) 3.4 A cm 2
(D) 11
. 10 -15 cm -3
25.
cm
-3
16
to 10
cm
-3
over a length
m n = 7500 cm 2 V - s,
m p = 300 cm 2 V - s,
(A) 9.3 10 4 A cm 2
(B) 2.8 10 4 A cm 2
ni = 3.6 1012 cm -3
(C) 9.3 10 9A cm 2
(D) 2.8 10 9 A cm 2
30.
electric
field
of
kV cm
and
the
carrier
(A) 1.6 10 A cm
(C) 1.6 108 A cm 2
conductivity
is
minimum,
the
hole
(D) 9 1013 cm -3
cm s. The drift
31. The minimum conductivity is
current density is
4
When
concentration is
(B) 17
. 10 -3 (W - cm) -1
(B) 2.4 10 A cm
4
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 2
32.
particular
intrinsic
semiconductor
has
Electronics Devices
-x
15 L p
Hole concentration p0 = 10 e
cm -3,x 0
-x
(A) 1.9 eV
(B) 1.3 eV
(C) 2.6 eV
(D) 0.64 eV
33.
Three
scattering
mechanism
exist
in
(A) 1.2 A cm 2
(B) 5.2 A cm 2
(C) 3.8 A cm 2
(D) 2 A cm 2
is
(A) 2750 cm 2 V - s
(B) 1114 cm 2 V - s
(C) 818 cm 2 V - s
(D) 250 cm 2 V - s
Vx = 100
(A) -0.31mV
(B) 0.31 mV
(C) 3.26 mV
(D) -3.26 mV
51014
n(cm-3)
n(0)
0
0.010
x(cm)
Fig. P2.1.34
-3
(C) 9.8 10 26 cm -3
-3
(B) 2.5 10 cm
13
p = 10 1 - cm -3 for 0 x L
L
16
(A) 430 cm 2 V - s
(B) 215 cm 2 V - s
(C) 390 cm 2 V - s
(D) 195 cm 2 V - s
is
(A) 20 A cm 2
(B) 16 A cm 2
(C) 24 A cm 2
(D) 30 A cm 2
Page
112
(C) 4 10 24 cm -3s -1
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Semiconductor Physics
cm -3
p0 = 1016
of
and
an
SOLUTIONS
intrinsic
-3
time
4 10 -7s.
is
The
thermal
equilibrium
(B) 5 1010 cm -3 s -1
(D) 5 10 22 cm -3 s -1
n-type
1. (C) ni2 = N c N v e
For Ge at 300 K,
. 1019, N v = 6.0 1018 , E g = 0.66 eV
N c = 104
silicon
sample
contains
donor
-3
(A) 5 10 cm s
-1
-3
-1
-3
-1
(B) 10 cm s
-3
(C) 2. 25 10 cm s
9
-1
(D) 10 cm s
ni = 8.5 1014 cm -3
2. (C) n = N c N v e
2
i
electron is
T e
(A) 1125
.
10 cm s
(C) 8.9 10
44.
-10
-3
cm s
A n -type
-1
-3
(B) 2.25 10 cm s
9
-1
sample
concentration of N d = 10
16
contains
-1310 3
T
-1
(D) 4 10 9 cm -3 s -1
silicon
1 .12 e
kT
T -
(1012 ) 2 = 2.8 1019 104
. 1019
e
300
3
-3
-Eg
kT
3
0 .66
-
400
0 .0345
ni2 = 104
. 1019 6.0 1018
e
300
-Eg
kT
400
Vt = 0.0259
= 0.0345
300
Chap 2.1
donor
E gA
E - E gB
gA
kT
-
n2
e kT
3. (B) iA
= E gB = e
2
niB
e kT
= 2257.5
niA
= 47.5
niB
-3
(B) 8.9 10 -6 s
(D) 113
. 10 -7 s
concentration are N a = 10
cm
-3
and N a = 0. The
ni2 (15
. 1010 ) 2
=
= 4.5 1015 cm -3
n0
5 10 4
5. (A) p0 = N v e
4. (A) p0 =
6. (B) p0 = N v e
( EF - Ev )
kT
( EF - Ev )
kT
-0 .22
= 104
. 1019 e 0 .0259 = 2 1015 cm -3
At 300 K, N v = 10
. 1019 cm -3
104
. 1019
= 0. 239 eV
EF - Ev = 0.0259 ln
1015
( Ec - EF )
n0 = N c e
(C) 2.3 10 9
(D) 4.4 10 9
***********
N
EF - Ev = kT ln v
p0
kT
Ec - EF = 112
. - 0. 239 = 0.881 eV
n0 = 4.4 10 4 cm -3
2
7. (C) p0 =
Na - Nd
N
+ N a - d + ni2
2
2
For Ge ni = 2.4 10 3
2
1013
1013
+ (2.4 1013) 2 = 2.95 1013 cm -3
p0 =
+
2
2
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113
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Semiconductor Physics
(1.6 10
n0 =
0.1
= 11.36 kW
)(1100)(5 1016 )(100 10 -8 )
-19
L
,
sA
20. (A) R =
s e m n n0 ,
R=
27. (A) vd =
L
em n n0 A
L
em n AR
n0 = 0.9 N d
=
Chap 2.1
-4
20 10
= 8.7 1015 cm -3
(0.9)(1.6 10 -19)( 8000)(10 -6 )(2 10 3)
21. (B) s e m n n0 , R =
L
L
, n0 =
sA
em n AR
10 10 -4
= 7.81 1017 cm -3
=
(1.6 10 -19)( 800)(10 -6 )(10)
J = em n n0 E = (1.6 10
29. (D) ni2 = N c N v e
-Eg
kT
= (2 1019)(1 1019) e
n0 = N d
-19
1 .1
-
0 .0259
= 7.18 1019
ni = 8.47 10 9 cm -3
N d >> ni
N d = n0
Efficiency =
n0
7.8 1017
100 =
100 = 78.1 %
Nd
1018
J = sE = em n n0 E
22. (D) E =
V 6
= = 3 V/cm, vd = m n E,
L 2
vd 10 4
= 3333 cm 2 V - s
=
E
3
mn =
ni2 = N c N v e
ni2
+ em p p0 ,
p0
( -1) em n ni2
ds
=0 =
+ em p
dp0
p02
Eg
kT
s = em n
ni2
p0
1
-3
N N
E g = kT ln c 2 v
ni
m
p0 = ni n
m
p
2
2
= 3.6 1012 7500
300
= 7. 2 1011 cm -3
1019
eV
= 1122
E g = 2(0.0259) ln
.
9
391
.
10
500
At T = 500 K , kT = 0.0259
= 0.0432 eV,
300
ni2 = (1019) 2 e
1 .122
-
0 .0432
32. (B) s =
1
1
=
s em n N d
1
1
= 9.25 1014 cm -3
=
5(1.6 10 -19)(1350)
rem n
dn
dx
1018 - 1016
= (1.6 10 -19)( 35)
-4
2 10
mp + mn
= 2 en i m pm n
= 17
. 10 -3(W - cm) -1
cm -3,
ni = 2.29 1013 cm -3
2 s i m pm n
1
= emni ,
r
Eg
1
ni1 e 2 kT1
r1
=
=
Eg
1
ni 2
2 kT2
e
r2
0.1 = e
Eg 1
1
T2
2 k T1
E g 330 - 300
= ln 10
2 k 330 300
E g = 22( k300) ln 10 = 1.31 eV
= 2.8 10 4 A cm 2
33. (D)
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1 1
1
1
=
+
+
m m1 m 2 m 3
Page
115
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
2.2
THE PN JUNCTION
p-region.
(A) 0.2 eV
(C) 0.4 eV
(B) 0.1 eV
(D) 0.3 eV
(A) 0.69 V
(C) 0.61 V
(B) 0.83 V
(D) 0.88 V
n-region is
(A) 4 10 -6 cm
(C) 4 10 -5 cm
(A) 0.63 V
(C) 0.026 V
-3
17
-3
(B) 0.93 V
(D) 0.038 V
22
cm
-3
(B) 4 10 16 cm -3
(D) 4 10
22
cm
(B) 3 10 -6 cm
(D)3 10 -5 cm
(A) 32
. 10 -5 cm
(C) 4.5 10 -4 cm
(B) 4.5 10 -5 cm
(D) 32
. 10 -4 cm
(B) 2 10 4 V cm
(D) 4 10 4 V cm
-3
(ni = 15
. 1010 cm -3 )
Nd(cm-3)
10
10
16
15
(B) 0.2 eV
(C) 0.3 eV
(D) 0.4 eV
Fig. P2.2.9
(A) 0.66 V
(C) 0.03 V
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(B) 0.06 V
(D) 0.33 V
Page
117
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 2
Electronics Devices
(A) 3.6 V
(B) 9.8 V
(C) 7.2 V
(D) 12.3 V
(A) 15 10 V cm
(B) 7 10 V cm
(C) 35
. 10 4 V cm
(D) 5 10 4 V cm
(A) 2.5 mm
(B) 25 mm
resonant frequency is
(C) 50 mm
(D) 100 mm
12.
A uniformly
doped
silicon
pn junction
has
capacitance is
(A) 10 pF
(B) 5 pF
n-region is
(C) 7 pF
(D) 3.5 pF
(A) 32
. 1019 cm -3
(B) 32
. 1017 cm -3
(A) 11 mA
(B) 35 mA
is V R = 10.
(C) 83 mA
(D) 143 mA
(A) 1.8 mm
(B) 1.8 mm
(C) 1.8 cm
(D) 1.8 m
(B) 9.8 10 -9 F cm 2
(C) 2.4 10 -9 F cm 2
(D) 5.7 10 -9 F cm 2
(A) 0.63 V
(B) 0.87 V
(C) 0.54 V
(D) 0.93 V
(A) 83 mV
(B) 59 mV
(C) 43 mV
(D) 31 mV
N a = 10 cm
18
-3
and N d = 10
-15
-3
(B) 9.8
(C) 19
(D) 3.13
is
| Emax | = 3 10
V cm.
The
doping
(A) 59.6 mV
(B) 2.7 mV
(C) 4.8 mV
(D) 42.3 mV
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The pn Junction
-3
cm .
saturation current is
(A) 4 10 7 cm -3
(B) 6 1010 cm -3
(C) 4 1010 cm -3
(D) 6 10 7 cm -3
concentrations are N a = 10
18
(A) 4 10
-12
cm
-3
Chap 2.2
and N d = 10
16
(B) 4 10
(C) 4 10 -11 A
-15
(D) 4 10 -7 A
t no = t po = 10 -7 s ,
Dn = 25 cm 2 s ,
Dp = 10 cm 2 s
(A) 0.34
(B) 0.034
(A) 0.77 eV
(B) 0.67 eV
(C) 0.83
(D) 0.083
(C) 0.57 eV
(D) 0.47 eV
in
5 10
(A) 49.3 nF
(B) 38.7 nF
(C) 77.4 nF
(D) 98.6 nF
16
16
Neglecting
p
Va
x=0
the
diode
(B) 235
. + j7.5 W
(D) 235
. - j7.5 W
capacitance
+3534 x
depletion
impedance at 1 MHz is
Fig. P.2.2.25-26
14
the
(A) 1.3 10 -7 s
(B) 1.3 10 -4 s
(C) 6.5 10 -8 s
(D) 6.5 10 -4 s
-3
cm , x 0
(B) 0.6 10 -3 A cm 2
(C) 0.4 A cm 2
(D) 0.4 10 -3 A cm 2
N d = 10
16
cm
-3
and
N a = 8 10
15
-3
cm .
The
(A) 62 W
(B) 43 W
(C) 72 W
(D) 81 W
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119
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 2
Electronics Devices
N a = N d = 10
16
-3
t p 0 = t n 0 = t 0 = 10
-8
current density is
(A) 19
. 10
-8
(C) 1.4 10
-8
A cm
(B) 19
. 10
A cm
-9
(D) 1.4 10
-9
A cm
(A) 143 mW
(B) 71.5 mW
(C) 62.3 mW
(D) 124.6 mW
A cm
of 25
V,
maximum n - type
the
doping
(B) 4 10 16 cm -3
(C) 2 1018 cm -3
(D) 4 10 18 cm -3
(B) 30 V
(C) 25 V
(D) 20 V
concentration
n - region
minimum
of
N d = 5 10 15
width,
such
that
cm -3.
The
avalanche
(B) 3.6 mm
(C) 7.3 mm
(D) 6.4 mm
(B) 44 A
(C) 153 A
(D) 62 A
38. A
GaAs
pn+
parameters
Dn = 25 cm 2 s, Dp = 12 cm 2 s
N d = 5 1017 cm -3, N a = 1016 cm -3
t n 0 = 10 ns , t p 0 = 10 ns
The injection efficiency of the LED is
Page
120
(A) 0.83
(B) 0.99
(C) 0.64
(D) 0.46
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 2
= 301
. 10 -5 cm,
CT =
-14
. 8.85 10 10
eA 117
=
301
. 10 -5
W
-4
= 35
. 10 -12 F
2
eEmax
2e
1
1
+
Na Nd
(117
. 8.85 10 -14 )( 3 10 5) 2
1
1
V
+
17
16
2 1.6 10 -19
4
10
4
10
= 8.008 V
2 e ( V + VR ) 1
1 2
W = s bi
+
,
e
Na Na
Vbi + VR =
Nd > > Na
4 1016 4 10 17
= 0.826 V
= 0.0259 ln
2. 25 10 20
2 e( Vbi + VR )
Na Nd 2
| Emax | =
e
( N a + N d )
N N
13. (A) Vbi = Vt ln a 2 d
ni
50 N a2
0.751 = 0.0259 ln
20
2.25 10
Electronics Devices
2 e( Vbi + VR ) 1 2
W
e
N a
1
2
2 (117
. 8.85 10 -4 )(10.752)
-4
=
= 1.8 10 cm
1.6 10 -19 4.2 1015
= 1.8 mm
1018 1015
= 0.0259 ln
20
2.25 10
= 0.754 V
2
eeN a N d
C =
2 ( Vi + VR )( N a + N d )
1
ee N a N d
14. (D) C =
2( Vbi + VR )( N a + N d )
ee N a
For N d >> N a , C =
2( Vbi + VR )
1.6 10
=
-19
. 8.85 10
117
2 (10 + 0.754)
-4
2
eeN d
For N a >> N d , C =
2 ( Vbi + VR )
1
2
2 (10 + 0.754)
1
2
4.2 10
15
= 5.7 10 -9 F cm 2
1
2
= 2.77 10 -9 F cm 2
C = AC = 6 10 -4 2.77 10 -9 = 1.66 10 -12 F
1
1
fo =
=
= 2.6 MHz.
2p LC
2 p 2. 2 10 -3 1.66 10 -12
2 e ( V + VR ) 1
1 2
15. (D) W = s bi
+
N
e
a Na
W A ( Vbia + V R ) ( N aA + N dA ) N aB N dB 2
=
WB ( Vbib + R ) ( N aB + N dB ) N aA N dB
N N
Vbi = Vt ln a 2 d
ni
1018 1015
= 0.0259 ln
20
2.25 10
= 0.754 V
1018 1016
VbiB = 0.0259 ln
20
2.25 10
= 0.814 V
WB 5.814 10 18 + 1016
1016 2
.
15 = 313
10
VbiA
N N
16. (C) Vbi = Vt ln a 2 d
ni
Page
122
eN a xn
e
2e( Vbi + VR )
For a p+ n junction, xn
eN d
2 eN d
2
So that | Emax | =
( Vbi + VR )
es
2
eEmax
(117
. 8.85 10 -14 )(10 6 ) 2
=
2 eVR
2(1.6 10 -14 )(10)
= 3. 24 1017 cm -3
0 .9
VD
VD
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I
VD = hVt ln 1 + D
Is
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
The pn Junction
70 10 -6
= (105
. )(0.0259) ln 1 +
10 -18
21. (B) I d I s e
I
V1 - V2 = Vt ln d 2
I d1
= 0.87 V
V1
Vt
I d1 e
= V2 = e
I d2
e Vt
eVa
27. (A) N p = ALn np 0 e kT -1
ni2 (15
. 1010 ) 2
=
= 2.8 10 4 cm -3
Na
8 1015
np 0 =
( V1 - V2 )
Vt
Ln = Dn t no = 35 10 -6 = 5.9 10 -3 Cm
= 0.0259 ln 10 = 59.6 mV
VV
22. (A) I = I s e t - 1
Chap 2.2
0 .5
I
V = Vt ln + 1
I
= 4 10 7 cm -3
-Eg
V
t
Va
I
= -0.90 (ive due to reverse current)
Is
24. (D)
1
J n = en
Na
2
i
Dn
N
Dn + a
Nd
Dn
,
t no
Dp
10 10 -3
=e
10 10 -6
t po
5
= 0.95
Na
5+
10
Nd
t n 0 = t p 0 = 10 -6 s,
I p 0 + I n 0 = I dQ = 2 mA
Cd =
Z=
Lp = Dp t p 0 = ( 8)(1 10 -8 ) = 2.83 10 -4 cm
0 .61
- x
dpn = 2.25 10 4 e 0 .0259 - 1 e 2 .8310 -4
= 3.8 10 e
cm
2 10 10
2( 0.0259)
I dQt p 0
2 Vt
I dQ
Vt
-6
= 3.86 10 -8 F
10 -3
= 3.86 10 -2 S
0.0259
10 -3 10 -7
= 193
. 10 -9 F
2 (0.0259)
1
1
=
= 235
. - j7.5 W
Y g d + jwCd
tp 0
1
( I pot po),
Cd =
2 Vt
-3
-4
2 Vt
= 2.5 10 -6
32. (C) RP =
x = 3 mm = 3 10 -4 cm
J p = (1.6 10 -19)(18)( 3.8 1014 )( 3534) e - ( 3534 )( 310
-3
( dpn )
26. (A) J p = - eDp
= eDp ( 3.8 1014 )( 3534) e -3534 x
x
= 0.6 A cm 2
E g2 - 0 .59
0 .0259
30. (D) g d =
ni2 (15
. 1010 ) 2
=
= 2. 25 10 4 cm -3
Nd
1016
-3534 x
( 0 .0259)
I p 0 t p 0 + I n 0 tn 0
29. (B) Cd =
2 Vt
Cd =
Na
= 0.083
Nd
14
Dp
eVa
- Lx
= pn 0 e kt - 1 e p
t
( Va1 - Va2 - E g1 + E g2 )
I1 e
= V - E = e Vt
a2
g2
I2
Vt
10 = e
1
J p = en
Nd
= 0.95,
V -Eg
a
2
i
pn 0 =
12
= 394
. 10 -15 A
10 -7
Va
V
t
I e
V a - E g1
D
t po
1
23. (B) I s = Aen
Nd
2
i
rp L
A
L
A( em p N a )
0.2
= 26 W
(10 -2 )(1.6 10 -19)( 480)(10 16 )
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123
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 2
Rn =
=
rn L
L
=
A
Ae(m n N d )
5 1019
= 2(0.0259) ln
. 1010
15
0.10
= 46.3 W
(10 )(1.6 10 -19)(1350)(1015)
R = Rp + Rn = 72.3 W
2 (117
. 8.85 10 -14 )(114
. - 0.4)
2
2
=
-14
19
1.6 10
5 10
N N
33. (B) Vbi = Vt ln a 2 d
ni
10
= 2(0.0259) ln
6
1.8 10
= 6.19 10 -7 cm = 62 A
=1.16 V
38. (B) Ln = Dn t n 0 , Lp = Dp t p 0
2 e ( V + VR )
W = s bi
e
Dn np 0
1
1 2
N + N
a
a
2 (131
. 8.85 10 -14 )( 6.16) 2
-4
=
16 = 1.34 10 cm
-19
1
.
6
10
10
eniW
2t o
34. (A) VB =
25 =
Dn np 0
Ln
eN d xn
e
=
np 0
Lp
Dp
Dn
+ pn 0
tn 0
tp 0
pn 0 =
Dn
=
tn 0
25
= 5 10 4 ,
10 10 -9
Dp
12
. 10 4
= 35
10 10 -9
tp 0
(5 10 4 )( 3. 24 10 -4 )
(5 10 )( 3. 24 10 -4 ) + ( 35
. 10 4 )( 6.48 10 -6 )
hinj =
N B = N d = 2 1016 cm -3
Dp pn 0
Dn
tn 0
np 0 =
2
eEcrit
2 eN B
(117
. 8.85 10 -4 )( 4 10 5) 2
2 1.6 10 -19 N B
np 0
Ln
hinj =
1
2
J gen =
= 114
. V
2 e ( V + VR ) 1
1 2
W = s bi
+
N
e
a Na
-3
16
Electronics Devices
= 0.986
xn =
eEmax
eN d
(117
. 8.85 10 -14 )( 4 10 5)
=
= 5.18 10 -5 cm
(1.6 10 -19)(5 1016 )
N N
5 106
Vbi = Vt ln a 2 d = 2(0.0259) ln
. 1010
15
ni
= 0.778 V
. 10 -9)
J th t r (500)(15
=
= 4.69 1012 cm -3
1.6 10 -19
e
n2 D 4.69 1012
=
= 4.69 1018 cm -3
dLas
10 -6
2 e V N
2
1
xn = s bi a
e N d N a + N d
2(117
. 8.85 10 -4 )( Vbi + VR )
(5.18 10 ) =
-19
6
(1.6 10 )(2 5 10 )
15
. 10 -9
J th
= 3 10 -10 s
t r ( J th ) =
5
J
JA
The optical power produced is p =
hw
e
not
Vbi + VR = 20.7,
VR = 19.9 V,
xn
J > J th
the
VR = VB
2 eVB 2 2(117
. 8.85 10 -14 )(100) 2
=
-19
15
= 5.1 mm
eN d (1.6 10 )(5 10 )
****************
N N
37. (D) Vbi = Vt ln a 2 d
ni
Page
124
electron
tr ( J ) =
When
recombination is
-5 2
change.
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hole
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
2.3
THE BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR
the
forward-active
region.
The
transistor
doping
(A) 4.5 10 2 , 2. 25 10 4 , 2. 25 10 5 cm -3
(A) 7.75 mA
(B) 1.6 mA
(B) 2. 25 10 4 , 2. 25 10 5, 4.5 10 2 cm -3
(C) 0.16 mA
(D) 77.5 mA
(C) 2. 25 10 4 , 2. 25 10 5, 4.5 10 4 cm -3
(D) 4.5 10 4 , 2.25 10 4 , 2. 25 10 5 cm -3
(B) 210 mA
(C) 17.5 mA
(D) 98 mA
(A) 5.2 10 cm
-3
(B) 5.2 10 13 cm -3
(D) 5.2 10 11 cm -3
(B) 54
(C) 0.982
(D) 0.018
19
Base
-p-
Collector
-n-
xE
xB
xC
concentration, is
(A) 0.94 V
(C) 0.48 V
(B) 0.64 V
x' = xE
(D) 0.24 V
x'=0
x'
x=0
x
x = xB x'' = 0
x'' = xC
x''
Fig. P2.3.7-8
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125
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 2
Electronics Devices
(B) 2.6 10 12 cm -3
N C = 2 1019 cm -3,
(D) 39
. 10 14 cm -3
DE = 8 cm 2 s , DB = 15 cm 2 s , DC = 14 cm 2 s
xE = 0.8 mm, xB = 0.7 mm
14
cm
(B) 2.7 10 12 cm -3
-3
(D) 4.5 10
14
cm
-3
(A) 0.999
(B) 0.977
(C) 0.982
(D) 0.934
transistor
N B = 3 10
condition applies, is
with N C = 5 10
fabricated
cm
-3
(A) 0.86 V
(B) 0.48 V
xB = 0.7 mm
(C) 0.32 V
(D) 0.60 V
punch-through is
following
currents
are
measured
in
with
base
doping
of
17
when
VBE = VBC = 0.
The
(A) 26.3 V
(B) 18.3 V
(C) 12.2 V
(D) 6.3 V
VBC
at
a
16. A silicon npn transistor has a doping concentration
of
I nE = 120
. mA, I pE = 0.10 mA, I nC = 118
. mA
N B = 1017
cm -3
and
N C = 7 10 15
cm -3.
The
10. The a is
(A) 0.667
(B) 0.733
(C) 0.787
(D) 0.8
(A) 146 V
(B) 70 V
(C) 295 V
(D) 204 V
11. The b is
(A) 3.69
(B) 0.44
(C) 2.27
(D) 8.39
base
doping,
so
that
the
minimum
12. The g is
(A) 0.816
(B) 0.923
(C) 1.083
(D) 0.440
(B) 4.46 10 16 cm -3
(C) 195
. 1015 cm -3
(D) 195
. 1016 cm -3
parameters:
I E = 0.5 mA, b = 48
(DB = 20 cm 2 s)
Page
126
is
16
(A) 9 mA
(B) 17 mA
(C) 22 mA
(D) 11 mA
Dn = 25 cm 2 s, rc = 30 W
The carrier cross the space charge region at a
speed of 10 7 cm s. The total delay time t ec is
(A) 164.2 ps
(B) 234.4 ps
following parameters:
(C) 144.2 ps
(D) 298.4 ps
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 2.3
frequency is
(A) 637 MHz
5V
Fig. P2.3.24-26
(B) 2 fA
(D) 0 A
(A) 1 fA
(B) -1 fA
(C) 2 fA
(D) -2 fA
(B) -2 fA
(C) 1 fA
(D) -1 fA
Fig.P2.3.21-22
(B) 55
(C) 0.9821
(D) 0.9818
Fig.P2.3.27
(A) 101
. 10 -14 A
(C) 101
. 10 -15 A
(B) 0.9818
(C) 55
(D) 56
(B) 2 10 -14 A
(D) 2 10 -15 A
the
region
of
operation
for
the
I1
6V
I2
I3
Vs
Fig. P2.3.23
(A) - 400 mA
(B) 400 mA
(C) - 600 mA
(D) 600 mA
Fig.P2.3.28
(A) Forward-Active
(C) Saturation
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(B) Reverse-Active
(D) Cutoff
Page
127
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 2
29.
Electronics Devices
(B) 12.75 mA
(C) 12.5 mA
(D) - 12.5 mA
6V
Fig. P2.3.29
(A) Forward-Active
(B) Reverse-Active
(C) Saturation
(D) Cutoff
30.
(A) 79
(B) 81
(C) 80
(B) 2.77 mA
(C) 2.34 mA
(D) 1.97 mA
6V
(A) Forward-Active
(B) Reverse-Active
(C) Saturation
(D) Cutoff
31.
3V
(A) 103
(B) 91
(C) 83
(D) 51
6V
(A) 5.25 mA
(B) 5.4 mA
(C) 5.65 mA
(D) 5.1 mA
Fig.P2.3.31
(A) Forward-Active
(B) Reverse-Active
(C) Saturation
(D) Cutoff
********
+3 V
250 mA
I1
Fig. P2.3.32-33
Page
128
(A) 0.53 V
(B) 0.7 V
(C) 0.84 V
(D) 0.98 V
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
SOLUTIONS
1. (A) I C = I s e
0 .5
2. (C) I C = 32
. 10
-14
0 .7
0 .0259
= 17.5 mA
VCB
V
t
pC (0) = pC 0 e
10. (C) a =
ni2
(15
. 1010 ) 2
=
= 2. 25 10 4 cm -3
NB
1016
VBE
V
t
At x = 0, np (0) = np 0 e
VBE
np (0)
VBE = VT ln
n
p0
1015
= 0.0259 ln
4
2.25 10
= 0.635 V
ni2 (15
. 10 10 ) 2
=
= 450 cm -3
NE
5 1017
nB 0 =
ni2 (15
. 10 10 ) 2
=
= 2. 25 10 4 cm -3
NB
5 1016
pC 0 =
ni2 (15
. 10 10 ) 2
=
= 2. 25 10 5 cm -3
NE
5 1015
6. (B) pB 0 =
pB (0) = pB 0 e
7. (C) nB 0 =
ni2 (15
. 1010 ) 2
=
= 4.5 10 3 cm -3
NB
5 1016
VEB
V
t
0 .6
3 0 .0259
= 4.5 10 e
= 5. 2 1013 cm -3
ni2 (15
. 10 10 ) 2
=
= 2. 25 10 4 cm -3
NB
1016
nB ( x = xB ) = nB 0 e
p (0)
VCB = Vt ln C
pC 0
VBC
V
t
0 .6
= 2. 25 10 4 e 0 .0259 = 2.6 10 14 cm -3
J nE
J nC
I nC
=
+ J R + J pE I nE + I R + I pE
118
.
= 0.787
12
. + 0.2 + 0.1
11. (A) b =
a
0.787
==
= 3.69
1-a
1 - 0.787
12. (B) g =
J nE
I nE
1. 2
=
=
= 0.923
J nE + J pE I nE + I pE 1. 2 + 0.1
10
1016
NB =
= 10 15
100
10
5. (A) pE 0 =
5 1013
= 0.48 V
= 0.0259 ln
5
4.5 10
IC
2.7m
=
= 0.982
I C + I B 2.7m + 50m
np (0) =
0 .6
pC 0 =
I
bF
3. (C) bF = C , a F =
IB
1 + bF
VBC
V
t
4. (B) np 0 =
ni2 (15
. 1010 ) 2
=
= 375
. 10 4 cm -3
NC
6 1015
= 375
. 10 4 e 0 .0259 = 4.31 1014 cm -3
aF =
8. (D) pC 0 =
pC ( x = 0) = pC 0 e
VBE
V
b
eDn ABE nB 0
Is =
xB
=
Chap 2.3
13. (B) nB 0 =
ni2 (15
. 10 10 ) 2
=
= 2.25 10 3 cm -3
NB
1017
VBE
V
t
nB (0) = nB 0 e
IC =
=
0 .5
14. (B) g =
1
N B D E xB
1+
N E D B xE
1
= 0.977
5 1016 8 0.7
1+
1018 15 0.8
N N
15. (B) Vbi = Vt ln B 2 C
ni
3 1016 5 1017
= 0.0259 ln
. 1010 ) 2
(15
= 0.824 V
At punch-through
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129
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
VBE
VBC
VBE
I
27. (C) I E = I S e Vt - e Vt + S e Vt - 1 = 0
bF
VBE
V
t
VBC
Vt
1
bR
+
e
1 + bF 1 + BF
VBC
VBC
VBE
V
I
I C = I S e Vt - e t - S e Vt - 1
bR
I CBO =
IS
1 - e
1 + bF
VBC
V
t
I
- S e
bR
VBC
V
t
0.4m
= 80
5m
b = 79
- 1
VBC = - 5 V, Vt = 0.0259 V
I CBO =
Chap 2.3
Is
I
(1 - 0) - S (0 - 1) = 101
. I S = 101
. 10 -15 A
101
1
37. (A) a =
28. (D)
IE =
b
= 0.9904
b+1
Reverse Bias
Forward bias
Forward bias
Forward-Active
Saturation
Reverse Bias
Cut-off
Reverse-Active
*******
Base-collector
junction
reverse
bias,
Hence
forward-active region.
30. (B) VBE = 0 , VBC > 0, Base-Emitter junction reverse
bais , Base-collector junction forward bias, Hence
reverse-active region.
31. (C) VBE = 6 V, VBC = 3 V, Both junction are forward
biase, Hence saturation region.
32. (C) The current source will forward bias the
base-emitter junction and the collector base junction
will then be reverse biased. Therefore the transistor is
in the forward active region
IC = ISe
VBE
V
t
I C = bF I B = 50 250 10 -6 = 12.5 10 -3 A
12.5 10 -3
I
VBE = Vt ln C = 0.0259 ln
-16
= 0.84 V
10
IS
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131
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 2
electronics Devices
(B) 800 C
(C) 1200 C
(D) 2000 C
(A) 20 mm 2
(B) 200 mm 2
(C) 2000 mm 2
(D) 20,000 mm 2 s
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Integrated Circuits
Chapc2.5
are respectively
(A)
N
2 N
=D
t
x 2
(C)
N
N
=D
2
t
x
R1
R2
atom is
(B)
N
2 N
=D
x
t 2
(D)
N
N
=D
2
x
t
Vo2
Q1
Q2
Fig. P2.5.32
(A) 2, 6
(B) 3, 6
(C) 2, 4
(D) 3, 4
Fig. P2.5.31
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 7
*******
(B) only
(C) only
(B) R - P - S - Q
(C) Q - S - R - P
(D) P - Q - R - S
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141
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 2
SOLUTIONS
1. (D)
2. (D)
3. (B)
4. (B)
5. (C)
6. (B)
7. (C)
8. (B)
9. (C)
10. (D)
11. (B)
12. (C)
13. (C)
14. (D)
15. (B)
16. (A)
17. (A)
18. (A)
19. (C)
20. (A)
21. (B)
22. (B)
23. (D)
24. (A)
25. (A)
26. (C)
27. (B)
28. (B)
29. (C)
*******
Page
142
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electronics Devices
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
3.1
DIODE CIRCUITS
vo
vo
22
18
(B)
vo
output voltage vo .
vo
t
-3
(C)
vi
+
20
2.2 kW
3.
vo
5V
(D)
2 kW
t
-7
1.
vi
vi
16
-5
vo
vi
Fig.3.1.1
2
T
4V
20
15
-5
-10
(A)
(B)
Fig. P3.1.3
vo
vo
16
T
2
vo
20
(A)
20
(A)
2.
(D)
10 kW
T
2
-4
(D)
vi
+
D1
t
-5
4.
vi
vo
_
(C)
20
vi
T
2
16
12
2V
+
vo
T
2
(B)
vo
t
-16
12
vo
6V
vo
vi
8V
Fig.3.1.2
10
D2
t
-10
Fig.3.1.4
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145
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 3
vo
vo
Analog Electronics
vo
vo
10
9.42
9.42
5.7
t
4.3
5.7
-6
15
vi
(C)
-10
(A)
vi
(D)
(B)
vo
15
4.3
vo
+10 V
10 kW
-6
D1
-8
(C)
D2
vs
(D)
vo
10 kW
D4
D3
10 kW
+
10 kW
20 kW
-10 V
vo
vi
Fig. P3.1.7.
10 V
10 V
vo
vo
8.43
7.48
Fig. P3.1.5
vo
vo
9.3
-10
10
9.3
3.33
3.33
-10
10
4.03
10
(B)
vo
vi
vo
5.68
vo
10
10
4.65
-10 -6.8
6.8 10
vs
-10
-5.68
4.65
-4.65
(C)
3.33
10
vi
4.33
-10
(C)
10
vi
(D)
(D)
+
1 MW
vo
vi
1 kW
2.5 V
vo
1 kW
vi
15 V
Fig. P3.1.8
vo
Fig. P3.1.6
vo
vo
10
vo
19.6
19.6
-5
5.7
(A)
Page
146
15
(B)
vo
vo
4.3
vi
15
4.3
vi
(B)
-5
(C)
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-10
(A)
5.7
vs
2 kW
10
4.65
3.33
3.33
-10
vs
-7.48
(B)
vo
10
(A)
-10
(A)
-10
-8.43
3.33
vi
vs
(D)
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Diode Circuits
Chap 3.1
vi
10
vi
D1
v
D2
D3
+
v1
v2
vo
v3
10 kW
vo
R
5V
v3
v2
-20
Fig. P.3.1.11
v1
vo
35
vo
25
Fig. P.3.1.9
vo
5
t
vo
-5
(A)
(B)
vo
t
(A)
15
(B)
vo
vo
-15
(C)
t
(D)
(C)
(D)
D1
i1
D2
i2
500 W
3V
5V
output voltage vo is
5V
C
vi
Fig. P3.1.12
10
vi
vo
-10
_
Fig. P.3.1.10
vo
vo
(A) 0, 4 mA
(B) 4 mA, 0
(C) 0, 8 mA
(D) 8 mA, 0
20
10
t
(A)
D1
(B)
vo
12 W
6W
D2
vo
t
5.4 V
18 W
5V
-10
-20
(C)
Fig. P3.1.13
(D)
(A) only D1
(B) only D2
Page
147
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Diode Circuits
Chap 3.1
(A) 6.43 V
(B) 9.43 V
(C) 7.69 V
(D) 8.93 V
+10 V
9.5 kW
27. If v2 = 5 V, then vo is
D2
0.5 kW
0V
iD2
vo
+5 V
D1
0.5 kW
D3
Fig. P3.1.22
(B) 10 mA
(C) 7.6 mA
(D) 0 mA
(B) 12.63 V
(C) 18.24 V
(D) 10.56 V
28. If v2 = 10 V, then vo is
+5 V
(A) 8.4 mA
(A) 8.93 V
(A) 10 V
(B) 9.16 V
(C) 8.43 V
(D) 12.13 V
9.5 kW
0.5 kW
D2
iD
4
+
vD
100 W
2V
vo
v2
iD(mA)
+10 V
v1
vD(V)
Fig. P3.1.2930
D1
0.5 kW
0.5 0.7
Fig. P3.1.2325
(B) 7.82 V
(C) 1.07 V
(D) 2.18 V
(B) 0.842 V
(C) 5.82 V
(D) 1.07 V
(A) 0.964 V
(B) 1.07 V
(C) 10 V
(D) 0.842 V
nearly to is respectively
+15 V
D2
-9 V
v2
Circuit Containing
Diode and Resistor
vo
vo
+10 V
500 W
D1
Fig. 3.1.31
9.5 kW
(A) 15 V, 6 V
(B) 24 V, 0 V
(C) 24 V, 6 V
(D) 15 V, -9 V
Fig. P3.1.2628
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149
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 3
15 kW
30 V
Analog Electronics
Vz = 9 V
Rz = 0
5 iz 100 mA.
12 W
RL
iL
iz
Fig. 3.1.32
(A) 1.4 mA
(B) 2.3 mA
(C) 1.8 mA
(D) 2.5 mA
Vz = 15 V
Rz = 0
Fig. P3.1.33
(B) 1.5 W
(C) 2 W
(D) 0.5 W
(B) 25 iL 120 mA
(C) 10 iL 110 mA
75 W
(A) 1 W
RL
Fig. P3.1.3638
50 V
Vz = 4.8 V
Rz = 0
6.3 V
(A) 60 RL 372 W
(B) 60 RL 200 W
(C) 40 RL 192 W
(D) 40 RL 360 W
(A) 576 mW
(B) 360 mW
(C) 480 mW
(D) 75 mW
11 kW
Vz = 4 V
Rz = 0
3.6 kW
Fig. P3.1.34
vi
+ vo 10 kW
+
vs
-
C
-
Fig. P3.1.39
222 W
20 V
Vz = 10 V
Rz = 0
RL
(A) 48.8 mF
(B) 24.4 mF
(C) 32.2 mF
(D) 16.1 mF
Page
150
(A) 5 kW
(B) 2 kW
(C) 10 kW
(D) 8 kW
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Diode Circuits
1 : 1
vi
SOLUTIONS
+
+
vs
+
vs
-
2.5 kW
vo
-
Fig. P3.1.40
(A) 61.2 mF
(B) 41.2 mF
(C) 20.6 mF
(D) 30.6 mF
For vi + 2 < 0 V,
50 mF
vo
vi < - 2, vo = vi + 2 = -3 V
75sin 2p60t V
Chap 3.1
RL
Fig. P3.1.41
correct.
(A) 6.25 kW
(B) 12.50 kW
(C) 30 kW
10 10
5. (B) For D off , vo = 20 20 = 3.33 V.
1
1
+
20 10
For vi 3.33 + 0.7 = 4.03 V, vo = 3.33 V
****************
15 1
=5 V
2 +1
For vi 5.7 V, vo = vi
v1 - 15 v1
v - vi
+
+ o
=0
2k
1k
1k
3v1 + 2 vo - 2 vi = 15
vo = 0.4 vi + 3.42
vo = v1 + 0.7
5 vo - 2 v1 = 15 + 2.1 = 17.9
10 - 0.7
= 0.465 mA, vo = 10 ki = 4.65 V
10 + 10
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151
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 3
C=
vmax
2 fkVrip
RL =
30 - 9
= 1.4 mA iL
15 k
75(50)
50
V
=
75 + 150
3
50
> VZ , RTH = 150 ||75 = 50 W
3
1 50
iZ =
- 15 = 33 mA, P = 15 iZ = 0.5 W
50 3
3.6(20)
= 4.93 V > VZ ,
11 + 3.6
4.93 - 4
= 11 || 3.6 = 2.71 kW, iZ =
= 0.34 mA
2.71k
400m
= 40 mA
10
20 - 10
= 45 mA
222
iL ( min ) = 45 - 40 = 5 mA, RL =
10
= 2 kW
5m
25 iL 120 mA
4.8
120 mA
RL
40 RL 192 W
Analog Electronics
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119.3
= 20.6 mF
2( 60)2.5 10 3 14.4
vmax
fRL C
75
vmax
= 6.25 kW
=
fCVrip 60 50 10 -5 4
***************
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
3.2
BASIC BJT CIRCUITS
VBE ( ON ) = 0.7
(A) 8.4 V
(B) 6.2 V
(C) 4.1 V
3. I C , RC = ?
Use
V,
for
npn
+5 V
RC
VC = 2 V
50 kW
+12 V
10 kW
IQ = 1 mA
+
VEC = 6 V
-
-5 V
Fig. P3.3.3
RC
-12 V
Fig. P3.3.1
2. VEC = ?
+5 V
+8 V
10 kW
20 kW
10 kW
VC
10 kW
-2 V
2 kW
3 kW
-8 V
Fig. P3.3.2
Fig. P3.3.4
(A) 1.49 V
(B) 2.9 V
(C) 1.78 V
(D) 2.3 V
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155
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 3
Analog Electronics
9. VB = 1 V
(A) 4 V
(C) 1 V
+3 V
(B) 3 V
(D) 1.9 V
10. VB = 2 V
500 kW
4.8 kW
(B) 1.5 V
(C) 2.6 V
-3 V
Fig. P3.3.5-6
5. b = ?
(A) 103.4
(C) 134.5
(A) -7 V
(B) 135.5
(D) 102.4
+5 V
5 kW
6. VCE = ?
(A) 6.4 V
(C) 1.3 V
Vo
50 kW
(B) 4.7 V
(D) 4.2 V
10 kW
VBB
Fig. P3.3.11-12
11. VBB = 0
2 kW
(A) 2.46 V
(C) 3.33 V
100 kW
VE
(B) 1.83 V
(D) 4.04 V
12. VBB = 1 V
8 kW
(A) 4.11 V
(C) 2.46 V
(B) 1.83 V
(D) 3.44 V
-5 V
13. VBB = 2 V
Fig. P3.3.7
(A) 3.18 V
(C) 0.2 V
(B) 1.46 V
(D) None of the above
+6 V
5 kW
10 kW
Vo
VC
VB
IQ
1 kW
-5 V
Fig. P3.3.14-16
Fig. P3.3.8-10
14. I Q = 0.1 mA
8. VB = 0 V
(A) 6.43 mA, 2.4 V
(C) 0 A, 6 V
Page
156
(A) 1.4 V
(B) 4.5 V
(C) 3.2 V
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
15. I Q = 0.5 mA
(A) 3.16 V
(B) 2.52 V
(C) 2.14 V
(D) 394
. V
Chap 3.2
(A) 0.991
(B) 0.939
(C) 0.968
(D) 0.914
16. I Q = 2 mA
of voltage VEC is
(A) 4.9 V
(B) -4.9 V
(C) 0.5 V
(D) -0.5 V
+9 V
1 mA
+6 V
50 kW
10 kW
4.7 kW
VC
-9 V
VB
Fig. P3.3.20
1 kW
Fig. P3.317
(A) 0.9 V
(B) 1.19 V
(C) 2.14 V
(D) 1.84 V
(A) 3.13 V
(B) 4.24 V
(C) 5.18 V
(D) 6.07 V
18. For the circuit shown in fig. P3.3.18, VCB = 0.5 V and
b = 100. The value of I Q is
0.5 mA
+5 V
5 kW
Vo
50 kW
4.7 kW
-9 V
IQ
Fig. P3.3.21
-5 V
Fig. P3.3.18
(A) 1.68 mA
(B) 0.909 mA
(C) 0.134 mA
(A) 3.87 mW
(B) 10.46 mW
(C) 7.49 mW
(D) 18.74 mW
+24 V
+10 V
RC
RB
10 kW
VE
50 kW
10 kW
-10 V
Fig. P3.3.19
Fig. P3.3.22
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157
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 3.2
+10 V
+5 V
20 kW
1 kW
5 kW
12 kW
15 kW
0.5 kW
2 kW
Fig. P3.3.29
-5 V
(A) 3.6 V
(B) 4.29 V
(C) 3.9 V
(D) 4.69 V
Fig. P3.3.32
33. For the circuit in fig. P3.3.33, let b = 60. The value of
+24 V
VECQ is
+5 V
+10 V
58 kW
42 kW
10 kW
2 kW
20 kW
2.2 kW
10 kW
Fig. P3.3.30
-5 V
31. For the circuit shown in fig. P3.3.31, let b = 75. The
-10 V
Fig.P3.3.33
(A) 2.68 V
(B) 4.94 V
(C) 3.73 V
(D) 5.69 V
Q-point (I CQ , VCEQ) is
+24 V
25 kW
3 kW
500 W
8 kW
1 kW
Fig. P3.3.34
Fig. P3.3.31
(B) ( 312
. mA , 1.86 V)
(C) ( 312
. mA, 8.46 V)
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159
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 3
Analog Electronics
(A) 36.63 mA
(C) 49.32 mA
(B) 36.17 mA
(D) 49.78 mA
+5 V
IC2
25 mA
Fig. P3.2.35
(A) 28 mA
(B) 23.2 mA
(C) 26 mA
(D) 24 mA
10 kW
4.7 kW
10 kW
120 W
Vo
+22 V
-20 V
Fig. P3.2.39
(A) 6.43 mA
(C) 1.48 mA
100 W
(B) 2.13 mA
(D) 9.19 mA
Fig. P3.2.36
(A) 11.8 V
(B) 7.5 V
(C) 12.5 V
(D) 8.9 V
1 mA
Io
Vo
220 W
20 kW
50 kW
Fig. P3.2.40
50 kW
(A) 1.04 mA
(C) 962 mA
30 kW
(B) 1.68 mA
(D) 432 mA
Fig. P3.2.37
(A) 25 V
(B) 25.7 V
(C) 15 V
(D) 15.7 V
Io1
Iref
Io2
Io3
R1
Vo
QS
220 W
QR
1 kW
Q1
Q2
Fig. P32.41
Fig. P3.2.38
Page
160
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QN
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
(A)
(C)
I ref
(B)
(1 + N )
1 +
b
(b + 1)
b I ref
(D)
(1 + N )
1 +
(b + 1)
I ref
Chap 3.2
SOLUTIONS
N
1 +
(
b
+ 1)
1. (C) I E =
b I ref
N
1 +
+ 1
b
12 - 0.7
10 k
. mA
I E = 113
75
I C =
. ) = 112
. mA
(113
75 + 1
RC = 5.98 kW
IB =
Io
R1
Iref
9.3
= 12.08 mA,
10 + 760
VEC = 4.1 V
75
75
3. (A) I C =
(1m) = 0.987 mA
IE =
76
75 + 1
V
RC =
Fig. P3.2.42
(A)
(C)
I ref
(B)
2
1 +
(1 + b)
I ref
(D)
2
1 +
b
(
1
+
b
)
I ref
1
1 +
(2 + b)
I ref
1
1 +
b
(
2
+
b
)
5. (C) VB = - I B RB
IB =
-VB
1
=
= 2.0 mA
RB 500k
VE = -1 - 0.7 = - 17
. V
V - ( -3) -17
. +3
IE = E
=
= 0.271 mA
4.8 k
4.8 k
IE
0.271m
= (b + 1) =
IB
2m
+5 V
Iref
Io
Q1
I B = 4.62 mA,
I C = bI B = 0.347 mA
R1
5.2
= 304
. kW
0.987m
Q2
b = 134.5
RE
-5 V
7. (C) I E =
Fig. P3.2.43
5.4
= 0.5 mA
2k
4 = 0.7 + I B RB + I C RC - 5, I C I E ,
*****************
I B = 43 mA ,
IE
0.5m
=1 + b =
= 11.63
IB
43m
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161
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 3
b = 10.63, a =
b
a = 0.914
1+b
VB - 0.7
1k
b
50
I C =
I E =
( VB - 0.7) mA
51
b + 1
I E = 0, VC = 6 V
9. (B) VB = 1 V , I E =
Analog Electronics
1 - 0.7
= 0.3 mA
1k
IC =
I C I E = 0.3 mA
6 - VC
mA, VC = VB
10
50
6 - VB
( VB - 0.7) =
51
10
VC = 6 - I C RC = 6 - (0.3)(10) = 3 V
2 - 0.7
10. (B) VB = 2 V, I E =
= 1.3 mA,
1
I C I E = 1.3 mA
VC = 6 - (1.3)(10) = - 7 V
Transistor is in saturation. The saturation voltage
IC =
5 - 0.5
101
=0.9 mA, I Q =
0.9 = 0.909 mA
5k
100
VCE = 0.2 V
19. (C) I E =
VB = VE - 0.7 = 1.3 V
RL
10(5)
Vo =
VCC =
+ 5 = 3.33 V
RC + RL
10
IB =
12. (B) I B =
1 - 0.7
= 6 mA
50 k
I C = bI B = 75 6m = 0.45 mA
5 - Vo
V
= IC + o
5k
10 k
Vo Vo
Vo = 1.83 V
(1 - 0.45) =
+
,
5
10
13. (C) I B =
2 - 0.7
= 26 mA
50 k
I C = b I B = 75 26 mA =1.95 mA
. = -4.75 V
VC = 5 - I C RC = 5 - 5 195
Transistor is in saturation, VCE = 0.2 V = VC = Vo
14. (B) I E = 0.1 mA
IC =
b
150
IE =
(0.1) = 0.099 mA
(b + 1)
151
VB
1.3
=
= 26 mA
RB 50 k
b+1=
a=
I E 0.8m
=
= 30.77
I B 26m
b = 29.77
b
29.77
=
= 0.968
b + 1 30.77
b
50
20. (D) I C =
mA = 0.98 mA
I E =
b
+
1
51
VC = I C RC - 9 = (0.98)( 4.7) - 9 = - 4.394 V
IB =
IE
1
=
mA = 19.6 mA
(b + 1) 51
Vo = 5 - RC I C = 5 - 5(0.099) = 4.50 V
IB =
150
IC =
(0.5m) = 0.497 mA
150 + 1
Vo = 5 - RC I C = 2.517 V
PQ = I C VEC + I B VEB
10 - VE
= 0.8 mA
10k
. V
VE = (1.3)(1) = 1.3 V , VC = VCE + VE = 15
0.5
= 9.8 mA
51
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 3
R2
VTH =
R1 + R2
15
VCC =
(10) = 4.29 V
20 + 15
10 = I E (1k) + VEB +
10 = I E + 0.7 +
IB =
IE
( 8.57 k) + 4.29
b+1
Analog Electronics
I BQ = 62.4 mA
I EQ = (b + 1) I BQ = 4.74 mA
I CQ = bI BQ = 4.68 mA
VCEQ = 24 - I CQ RC - I EQ RE
IE
( 8.57 k) + 4.29
101
I E = 4.62 MA
IE
= 0.046 mA
b+1
+5 V
+24 V
5 kW
1.71 kW
-3.57 V
24.36 kW
+10.1 V
0.5 kW
10 kW
-5 V
Fig. S3.3.32
Fig. S3.3.30
-357
. = I BQ(171
. k) + VBE + (b + 1) I BQ(0.5 k) - 5
5 - 357
. - 0.7 = (171
. + 50.5)I BQ
42
=
(24) = 10.1 V
42 + 58
I BQ = 14 mA
I EQ = (100 + 1) I BQ = 1.412 mA
I CQ = 100 I BQ = 1.4 mA
VCEQ = 5 - RC I CQ - RE I EQ + 5
I BQ = 7.32 mA
I CQ = bI BQ = 0.915 mA
I EQ = (b + 1) I BQ = 0.922 mA
20
VTH =
10 - 5 = 1.67 V
10 + 20
+10 V
+24 V
2 kW
3 kW
6.67 kW
6.06 kW
+1.67 V
+5.82 V
2.2 kW
1 kW
-10 V
Fig. S3.3.33
Fig. S3.3.31
8
=
(24) = 5.82 V
25 + 8
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 3
I ref
I o RE = Vt ln
Io
I ES
1+b
I ES = I BR + I B1 + I B 2 + ....... I BN
I BR = I Bi , I CR = I Ci = I oi
(1 + N ) I CR
I ES = (1 + N ) I BR =
b
Then I ref = I CR +
1 10 -3
0.026
ln
-6
-6
12 10
12 10
R1 =
V + - VBE1 - V - 5 - 7 - ( -5)
=
= 9.3 kW
I ref
1m
(1 + N ) I CR
I ES
= I CR +
b (b + 1)
b+1
Iref
Io = IC2
Q3
IC1
IE3
Q2
Q1
IB1 IB2
Fig. S3.2.42
I E 3 = (1 + b) I B 3
2 IB2
IE3
I ref = I C1 +
= I C1 +
(1 + b)
(1 + b)
I C1 = I C 2 = bI B 2
2 IC2
2
= I C2 1 +
b(1 + b)
b
(
1
+
b
)
I ref
2
1 +
1
b
(
+
b
)
VBE2
I ref I C1 = I S e
Vt
, Io = IC2 = IS e
Vt
I ref
VBE1 = Vt ln
IS
I
, VBE 2 = Vt ln o
IS
I ref
VBE1 - VBE 2 = Vt ln
Io
Page
166
= 9.58 kW
***********
IC2 = Io =
RE =
(1 + N )
= I Oi 1 +
b(b + 1)
I ref
I oi =
(1 + N )
1 +
b(b + 1)
I ref = I C 2 +
Analog Electronics
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
3.3
BASIC FET CIRCUITS
VTN = 2 V
VTN = 2 V, kn = 60 mA / V 2 ,
W
= 60
L
+10 V
+10 V
32 kW
4 kW
14 kW
1.2 kW
18 kW
2 kW
6 kW
0.5 kW
-10 V
Fig. P3.3.13
Fig. P3.3.46
4. VGS = ?
1. VGS = ?
(A) 2.05 V
(B) 6.43 V
(A) -3.62 V
(B) 3.62 V
(C) 4.86 V
(D) 3.91 V
(C) -0.74 V
(D) 0.74 V
5. I D = ?
2. I D = ?
(A) 1.863 mA
(B) 1.485 mA
(C) 0.775 mA
(A) 13.5 mA
(B) 10 mA
(C) 19.24 mA
(D) 4.76 mA
6. VDS = ?
3. VDS =?
(A) 4.59 V
(B) 3.43 V
(A) 2.95 V
(B) 11.9 V
(C) 5.35 V
(D) 6.48 V
(C) 3 V
(D) 12.7 V
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167
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 3.3
is
+5 V
+9 V
50 mA
Fig. P3.3.16
(A) 1.69 V
(B) 1.52 V
(C) 1.84 V
(D) 0
Fig. P3.3.19
(A) 15 mm
(B) 1.6 mm
(C) 32 mm
(D) 3.2 mm
+9 V
VTP = -1.2 V,
24 kW
W
= 20, and kp = 30 mA / V 2 .
L
+5 V
Rs
0.25 mA
RD
-9 V
Fig. P3.3.17
-5 V
(A) 1.72 V
(B) -1.72 V
(C) 7.28 V
(D) -7.28 V
Fig. P3.3.20
If I D = 0.5
and RD are
(B) 4 kW, 5 kW
(D) 5 kW, 4 kW
+5 V
RD
RS
50 kW
-5 V
Fig. P3.3.18
10 kW
(A) 5.84 mW
(B) 2.34 mW
(C) 0.26 mW
(D) 58.4 mW
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169
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 3
Analog Electronics
+5 V
when Vi = 5 V, then
( )
W
L 1
is
( WL )2 = 1.
If Vo = 0.10 V
for M1 is
+5 V
M1
Vo
M1
M2
Vo
M2
Vi
Fig. P3.3.22-23
Fig. P3.3.25
kn = 30 mA / V 2
(A) 47.5
(B) 28.4
(C) 40.5
(D) 20.3
The output Vo is
(A) -2.5 V
(B) 2.5 V
(C) 5 V
(D) 0 V
W
W
23. If the ratio is = 40 and = 15, then Vo is
L 1
L 2
(A) 2.91 V
(B) 2.09 V
(C) 3.41 V
(D) 1.59 V
RD
M4
M1
ID1
RG
ID4
M3
M2
-5 V
Fig. P3.3.2627
K n1 = 400 mA / V 2
V1
K n 2 = 200 mA / V 2
M2
K n 3 = 100 mA / V 2
V2
K n 4 = 80 mA / V 2
M3
Fig. P3.3.24
Page
170
26. I D1 = ?
(A) 0.23 mA
(B) 0.62 mA
(C) 0.46 mA
(D) 0.31 mA
W
L 1
W
L 2
W
L 3
(A)
1.75
6.94
27.8
27. I D4 = ?
(B)
4.93
10.56
50.43
(A) 0.62 mA
(B) 0.31 mA
(C)
35.5
22.4
8.53
(C) 0.46 mA
(D) 0.92 mA
(D)
56.4
38.21
12.56
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 3.3
(A) 7.43 V
(B) 8.6 V
(C) -1.17 V
(D) 1.17 V
+5 V
(A) 10 mA
(B) 5 mA
(C) 7 mA
(D) 2 mA
Vi
Fig. P3.3.28
(A) 1.568
(B) 0.986
(C) 0.731
(D) 1.843
0.4 kW
20 kW
-5 V
Fig. P3.3.3334
10 kW
(A) 8.86 mA
(B) 6.39 mA
(C) 4.32 mA
(D) 1.81 mA
(A) (1 mA, 8 V)
(A) -4.28 V
(B) 2.47 V
(C) 4.28 V
(D) 2.19 V
I D is
(A) 16.67 mA
(B) 0.67 mA
(C) 5.55 mA
(D) 1.67 mA
is
+20 V
140 kW
2.7 kW
parameters are Vp = - 35
. V, I DSS = 18 mA, and l = 0. The
value of VDS is
+15 V
60 kW
2 kW
0.8 kW
Fig. P3.3.35
IQ = 8 mA
(A) 2.7 V
(B) 2.85 V
(C) -1.30 V
(D) 1.30 V
-15 V
Fig. P3.3.32
******************
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171
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 3
SOLUTIONS
1. (A) R1 = 32 kW,
R2
VG =
R1 + R2
R2 = 18 kW,
VDD = 10 V
18
VDD =
10 = 3.6 V
18 + 32
VGS = 2.05 V
VSG = VS - VG = VS
= 10 - 0.775( 4 + 2) = 5.35 V
VSD = VS - VD = 2. 21 - ( -3) = 5. 21 V
6
(20) - 10 =
(20) - 10 = -4 V
14 + 6
5.5
(10) - 5 =
(10) - 5 = -2.25 V
14.5 + 5.5
VS = VG - VGS
kn W
( 60)( 60 10 -6 )
=
= 1.8 mA / V 2
2 L
2
5. (D) I D =
VG - VGS + 10 -4 - 3.62 + 10
=
= 4.76 mA
RS
0.5 k
VGS = 124
. , - 6.58 V
13. (D) I D =
22
(20) - 10 =
(20) - 10 = 4.67 V
8 + 22
V
VG = 0, VS = VG - VGS = -1516
.
VDS = VD - VS = 5 - ( -1516
.
) = 6.516 V
16. (B) I D = 50m = K n ( VGS - VTN ) 2
Page
172
Kn =
10 - ( 4.67 + 377
. )
= 312
. mA
0.5
V - VGS
3.6 - 2.05
2. (C) I D = G
=
= 0.775 mA
RS
2k
RL
VG =
R1 + R2
10 - VS 10 - ( VG + VGS )
=
RS
RS
K n = 0.5 mA / V 2
VSG = 377
. V, - 177
. V, VSG is positive voltage.
8. (A) I D =
Analog Electronics
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V,
VGS = 1516
.
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
VGS = 152
. V,
W W
23. (A) > thus VGS1 < VGS 2
L 1 L 2
VGS = VDS
VGS = VG - VS ,
18. (A) I D =
VG = 0,
V,
VGS = 172
.
VGS 2 = 5 - VGS1
V
VS = -172
.
5 - VD
= 0.8 mA,
RD
RD =
6 -1
= 5 kW
0.8m
I D = K n ( VGS - VTN ) 2
0.8 = (0.4)( VGS - 17
. )2
VGS = 311
. V
For M 3 , V2 = 2 V = VGS 3
VGS = VG - VS , VG = 0, VS = -311
. V
-311
. - ( -5)
I D = 0.8 mA =
RS = 2.36 kW
RS
25 W
10 -4 =
2 4
. )2
(2.5 - 15
30 10 -6
20. (D) K p =
2
I D = K p ( VSG + VTP ) 2
36 10 -3 W
(2 - 1) 2
I D = 0.5 =
2
L 3
36 10 -3 W
( 3 - 1) 2
I D = 0.5 =
2
L 2
VSG = 2.49 V, VG = 0
VD - ( -5)
RD
RD =
-3 + 5
= 4 kW
0.5m
W
[2(5 - 0.8)(0.1) - (0.1) 2 ] = (1)(5 - 0.1 - 0.8) 2
L 1
W
(0.83) = 16.81
L 1
. V
VGS = VDS = 377
10 - 377
.
ID =
= 0.623 mA
10 k
VGS1 = 5 - VGS 2
transistor
I D1 = I D2
are
K n 1 = K n 2 , VTN1 = VTN 2
5
VGS1 = VGS 2 = V
2
Vo = VGS 2 = 2.5 V
-6
(2.24 - 1) 2 =0.62 mA
saturation.
2
W
=20.3
L 1
VGS 2 = 2.76 V,
I D1 = 400 10
Therefore
W
= 6.94
L 2
36
W
W
I D = 0.5 =
10 -5 (5 - 1) 2 = 174
.
2
L 1
L 1
VS = VSG = 2.49 V
5 - VS
5 - 2.49
ID =
RS =
= 5.02 kW
RS
0.5m
ID =
For M1 , VGS1 = 10 - V1 = 10 - 5 = 5 V
W = 32 mm
(20) = 0.3 mA / V 2
W
= 27.8
L 3
For M 2 , VGS 2 = V1 - V2 = 5 - 2 = 3 V
kp W
( VGS + VTP ) 2
2 L
Chap 3.3
VDS = 0.1 V
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173
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
3.4
AMPLIFIERS
(A) -4.38
(B) 4.38
(C) -1.88
(D) 1.88
respectively
4. The nominal quiescent collector current of a
(B) 14 A V, 90 kW , 2.33 kW
(C) 77 mA V, 2.33 kW , 70 kW
4 kW
250 kW
vs
+10 V
vo
RC
50 kW
2V
vs
Fig. P3.4.23
vBB
Fig. P3.4.56
(B) 24 mA V, 5 kW ,
(C) 48 mA V, 10 kW , 18.4 kW
(A) 10 kW , 0.95 V
(B) 10 kW , 1.45 V
(C) 48 kW , 0.95 V
(D) 48 kW , 1.45 V
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175
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Amplifiers
Chap 3.4
g m = 2 mS
and
resistance RL .
(A) 80.6
(B) 43.2
(C) 190
(D) 110
Thevenin equivalent
270 W
vi
RL
VDD
Fig. P3.4.1415
60 kW
(B) 132vi
(C) 346vi
(D) 498vi
2 kW
vs
300 kW
(B) 697 kW
(C) 408 kW
(D) 915 kW
Fig. P3.4.20
(A) -8.01
(B) 8.01
(C) 14.16
(D) -14.16
i2
i1
v1
+
3.9 kW
10 kW
18 kW
+10 V
v2
10 kW
vo
Fig. P3.4.1617
vi
VGG
(A) 2.46
(B) 0.9
(C) 0.5
(D) 0.67
Fig. P3.4.2123
(B) 4.83 10 -3
(C) 3.8 10 4
(D) 4.83 10 3
(A) 5.14 V
(B) 4.36 V
(C) 2.89 V
(D) 1.83 V
(A) 14.3
(B) -14.3
(C) -8.9
(D) 8.9
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177
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Amplifiers
(A) 4.44
(B) -4.44
(C) 2.22
(D) -2.22
SOLUTIONS
the
source-follower
circuit
in
fig.
Ro
vs
I CQ
1. (C) g m =
Chap 3.4
IQ
500 kW
bVt
b
180
=
=
= 2.33 kW
I CQ g m 77.2m
ro =
V A 140
=
= 70 kW
I CQ 2m
gm =
Fig. P3.4.33-34
rp =
(C) 2.79
(D) -2.79
2 - 0.7
= 5.2 m A
250 k
I CQ
Vt
0.624
= 24 mA V
0.0259
bVt
b
120
=
=
= 5 kW, ro =
I CQ g m 24m
rp
bRC
3. (C) Av = - g m RC
=
r
+
R
r
B
p + RB
p
5k
= - (24m)( 4 k)
= -1.88
5
k
+
250
k
(A) 100 kW
(B) 0.498 kW
(C) 1.33 kW
rp(min) =
bVT
,
I CQ
(120)(0.0259)
= 2.88 kW,
108
. m
rp( max ) =
*******************
2m
= 77.2 mA V
0.0259
I CQ = bI B = (120)(5.2m ) = 0.642 mA
4 kW
-5 V
(A) 0.89
rp =
2. (B) I BQ =
vo
Vt
( 80)(0.0259)
= 156
. kW
1.32m
5. (A) VECQ =
1
VCC = 5 V
2
VECQ = 10 - I CQ RC = 5
10 - (0.5m) RC = 5
RC = 10 kW,
I BQ =
I CQ
b
0.5
=5 mA
100
VEB ( ON ) + I BQ RB = VBB
6. (D) g m =
rp =
I CQ
Vt
0.5
= 19.3 mA V
0.0259
bVt (100)(0.0259)
=
= 5.18 kW , ro =
0.5m
I CQ
100
7. (B) I CQ =
(0.35) = 0.347 mA
1001
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Page
179
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 3
vo
+
vs
10 kW
rp
Vp
_
gmVp
ro
7 kW
Analog Electronics
AC Analysis:
Ib
Fig. S3.4.7
rp
vs
rp ||10 k
vo
( ro ||7 k)
= - g m
vs
500
r
|
|
10
k
+
I CQ 0.347m
gm =
=
= 1313
. mA V
Vt
0.0259
rp =
288 7
7.6 10
= 6.83 kW, rp ||10k =
= 4.32 kW
288 + 7
7.6 + 10
vo
10||50 kW
bIb
E
2 kW
(b+1)Ib
bVt
(100)(0.0259
=
= 2.18 kW
119
. m
I CQ
4.32 k
Av = -1313
. m
( 6.83k) = - 80
500 + 4.32 k
8. (C) DC Analysis: I CQ = I EQ
I CQ = 3.57 mA
-mode
AC Analysis:
Ib
vo
+
rp
vs
R1 || R2
Ie
+
vce
_
vce
rp
gmvce
Vp bIb
_ E
Fig. S 3.4.11
1.2 kW
bVt
(0.0259)
= (150)
= 109
. kW , ro =
357
. m
I CQ
1
vce
1
, So rp ||
|| ro
=
g m Vce g m
gm
(100)(0.0259)
rp =
= 2.33 kW
2m
I CQ
2m
gm =
=
= 77.2 mA V
Vt 0.0259
vo -(b I b ) RC
, vs = I b rp + (b + 1) RE I b
=
vs
vs
1
V
150
= 12.95 , ro = A =
= 75 kW
gm
I CQ 2m
0.2 kW
Fig. S3.4.8
rp =
For 1 vEC 11 V,
VCEQ = 5 = 10 - I CQ ( RC + RE )
5 = 10 - I CQ(1. 2 k + 0. 2 k)
3.57
I BQ =
= 23.8 m A
150
Av =
Av =
Page
180
Fig. S3.4.9
VA
100
=
= 288 kW
I CQ 0.347m
ro ||7k =
Vp
+
1 kW
b
bV
100
= t =
= 7.6 kW
rp =
. m
g m I CQ 1313
ro =
Ic
B
_
rp ||10 k
( vs ), vo = - g m Vp( ro ||7k)
500 + rp ||10 k
Vp =
50
(12) = 10 V
10 + 50
-bRC
-(150)(12
. )k
=
= -5.75
rp + (1 + b) RE 109
. k + (151)(0.2 k)
r=
re = (2.33k)||(12.95)||(75 k) =12.87 W
www.gatehelp.com
ro
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Amplifiers
VA
I CQ
12. (C) ro =
I CQ =
Vp Vp
v + Vpi
+
+ g m Vp + i
=0
rp
ro
270
VA
75
=
= 0.375 mA
ro 200 k
vi + Vpi
Vp
Vp
+
+ 2mVp +
=0
50 k 250 k
270
bV
75(0.0259)
13. (B) rp = t =
= 194
.
kW
I CQ
1m
E
bIb
Ie
Ib
2.7 kW
+
vo
_
fig. S3.4.16
1.5 kW
ro
Fig. S 3.4.13
i1
vi = I b ( rp + 15k
. ), I in = I e = (b + 1) I b
Vi ( rp + 15
. k) 194
.
+ 15
. k
Rin =
=
=
= 45 W
Ie
(b + 1)
76
vs
3.9 kW rp
rp =
gmVp
Vp
+
vi rp
Removing the RL , -Vp =
270 + rp
rp =
vi rp(1 + g m ro)
270 + rp
i2
i1
, i2 =
v2 = 0
Vp
V
V
- p - p - g m Vp ,
39
. k rp
ro
h21 =
i2
=
i1
. k
- g m rp 39
- gm
=
= 0.91
1
1
39
.
k
. k
r
+
+
g
p
m rp 39
+ + gm
39
. k rp
i1 = 0
3.9 kW rp
fig. S3.4.15
Vp
+
gmVp
18 kW
i2
v2
ro
Fig. S 3.4.17
270 W
_
rp
gmVp
Vp
+
Fig. S 3.4.15
I sc = g m Vp +
v1
v
v - v2
+ 1 + 1
= g m Vp
39
. k rp
ro
Vp
can be neglected
ro
ro
vi
Vp
+ g m Vp
r0
i1 = -
b
100
=
= 50 kW
g m 2m
vTH =
v2 = 0
b
100
=
= 33.3 kW
gm
3m
h21 =
Fig. S 3.4.14
vTH = -ro g m Vp - Vp =
18 kW
Vp
+
Fig. S 3.4.16
270 W
_
gmVp
ro
rp
vi
Vp = -0.647 vi ,
.
mvi
I sc = 1297
vTH
498 vi
RTH =
=
= 384 kW
I SC 1297
.
mvi
rp
vi
Chap 3.4
Vp
Vp
= 2.004 mVp
= 2mVp +
ro
250 k
Isc
1
1 1 v
+ + - 2 = - g m v1
v1
39
.
k
r
ro ro
p
1
1
v1
ro
800
k
=
=
1
1
1
1
1 1
v2
+
+
+ 3m
+ + + gm
39
. k 33.3k 800 k
39
. k rp ro
= 3.8 10 -4
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181
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Amplifiers
RS = 4 kW, v gs = 0.84 vi ,
v gs = vi ,
vo = - g m v gs ( ro ||RD)
Chap 3.4
vo
= Av = - g m (7k)
vi
g m = 2 K n ( VGS - VTN )
= -(1.41m)(0.84 vi )(100 k || 5 k)
vo
= Av = - 5.6
vi
= 2 (1m)(151
. - 0.8) = 1.42 mS
Av = -(1.42m) (7 k) = - 9.9
fig. S.3.4.34
29. (A) As shown in fig. S3.4.27, Ri = R1 || R2 = 20.6 kW
. V, I DQ = 0.5 mA
VGSQ = 15
vi
vo
vgs
10 kW
RS
5 kW
+
RD
RL
4 kW
=
Fig. S3.4.32
vi
-1
gmvgs
vgs gmvgs
RTH
RD
vo = - g m v gs ( RD || RL ), vi = -v gs
v
Av = o = g m ( RD || RL ) = (2m)(5 k ||4 k) = 4.44
vi
vo
7 kW
fig. S3.4.33
RS
0.5 kW
G
Fig. S 3.4.30
vi
vo = - g m v gs RD, vi = v gs + g m v gs RS
vo
- g m RD
(7 k)
=
= - (1.4m)
= -5.76
vi
1 + g m RS
1 + (1.4m) (0.5 k)
ro
vgs gmvgs
500 kW
_
vo
4 kW
I DQ = I Q = K n ( VGSQ - VTN ) 2
vo = g m v gs ( RL || ro)
VGSQ = 151
. V = -VS
. ) = 301
. V
VDSQ = 5 - (0.5m)(7 k) - ( -151
The transistor is therefore biased in the saturation
region. The small-signal equivalent circuit is shown in
fig.S3.4.31.
D
G
+
vs
vgs
_
gmvgs
vo
7 kW
vi = v gs + vo = v gs + g m v gs ( RL || ro)
1
v gs =
1 + g m ( RL || ro)
vo
g m ( RL || ro)
= Av =
vi
1 + g m ( RL || ro)
RL ||ro = 4 k ||100 k =
Av =
(2m)( 3.85 k)
= 0.89
1 + (2m)( 3.85 k)
34. (B) Ro =
Fig. S3.4.31
vo = - g m v gs (7k)
100 k
= 3.86 kW
26
1
||ro
gm
1
= ||(100) 0.498 kW
2
********************
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183
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
3.5
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
1. Av =
vo
=?
vi
400 kW
vi
(A) -2 sin wt m A
(B) -7 sin wt m A
(C) -5 sin wt m A
(D) 0
40 kW
vo
150 kW
10 kW
vi
25 kW
Fig. P3.5.1
(A) -10
(B) 10
(C) -11
(D) 11
2. Av =
vo
Fig. P3.5.4
vo
=?
vi
400 kW
40 kW
vi
vo
(A) 6 V
(B) -6 V
(C) 8 V
(D) -8 V
60 kW
Fig. P3.5.2
(A) -10
(B) 10
(C) 13.46
(D) -13.46
100 kW
vi
3.
The
input
to
the
circuit
in
fig.
100 kW
P3.5.3
100 kW
vo
is
Fig. P3.5.5
1 kW
io
vo
(A) 600 kW
(B) 450 kW
(C) 4.5 MW
(D) 6 MW
4 kW
Fig. P3.5.3
Page
184
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Operational Amplifiers
Chap 3.5
voltage gain Av = vo vi is
20 kW
20 kW
+0.5 V
40 kW
-1 V
vi
vo
60 kW
+2 V
R
vo
Fig. P3.5.10
Fig. P3.5.6
(A) -8
(B) 8
(C) -10
(D) 10
(B) -2.67 V
(C) -6.67 V
(D) 6.67 V
(A) 2.67 V
100 kW
vi1
vi
2 kW
1 kW
100 kW
vo
vo
vi2
1 kW
Fig. P3.5.11
Fig. P3.5.7
(A) -1.996
(B) -1.998
(C) -2.004
(D) -2.006
gain of amplifier is
100 kW
vi
2 kW
500 kW
vo
vo
1 kW
vi
Fig. P3.5.8
(A) 20
(B) 4.5
(C) 4
(D) 5
Fig. P3.5.12
(A) 5 10 4
(B) 250.5
(C) 2 10
(D) 501
100 kW
6 kW
100 kW
8 kW io
vo
vo
20 kW
+18 V
5 kW
40 kW
+15 V
Fig. P3.5.13
Fig. P3.5.9
(A) -1.5 mA
(B) 1.5 mA
(A) 34 V
(B) -17 V
(C) -0.75 mA
(D) 0.75 mA
(C) 32 V
(D) -32 V
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185
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 3
Analog Electronics
31. io = ?
resistance is
6 kW
io
2 kW
vo
6A
2 kW
4 kW
is
Fig. S3.5.31
2 kW
10 kW
(A) -18 A
(B) 18 A
(C) -36 A
(D) 36 A
Fig. P3.5.28
(A) 38 kW
(B) 17 kW
(C) 25 kW
(D) 47 kW
3 kW
D1
6 kW
D2
2 kW
vo
240 kW
vi
10 kW
vo
Fig. P3.5.3233
Fig. P3.5.29
(B) -4 V
(C) 3 V
(D) -3 V
(A) 4 V
(A) -6 V
(B) 6 V
(C) -3 V
(D) 3 V
34. vo( t) = ?
500 kW
vi
8 mF
5 kW
vo
5u(t) mA
250 W
vo
50 W
1 kW
5 kW
Fig. P3.5.34
Fig. P3.5.30
(A) e
(A) 479 mV
(C) 168 mV
Page
188
(B) 234 mV
(D) 116 mV
(C) e
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t
10
t
1 .6
u( t) V
(B) -e
u( t) V
(D) -e
t
10
t
1 .6
u( t) V
u( t) V
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Operational Amplifiers
Chap 3.5
(A) vs vss
v
(C) - s
vss
(D)
20 kW
vs
vss
20 kW
20 kW
4 mF
5V
vC
-
Input
Output
Fig. P3.5.35
t
12 .5
Vref = 2 V
t
12 .5
Fig. P3.5.39
470W
10 kW
vi
(A)
1
2
(B)
1
3
(C)
1
6
(D)
1
12
Fig. P3.5.36
(A) > 10 V
(B) < 10 V
(C) > 5 V
(D) < 5 V
R1
R1
vs
R2
2V
IL
R2
RL
100 kW
R
1 kW
Fig. P3.5.40
R
vo
1 kW
(A) -
vs
R2
(B)
vs
R2
(C) -
vs
RL
(D)
vs
RL
100 kW
Fig. P3.5.37
(A) 1 mV
(B) 100 mV
(C) 200 mV
(D) 2 mV
vi = sin wt V
vo
10 kW
X
vs
C
vo
Fig. P3.5.41
Fig. P3.5.38
(A) w is doubled
(B) w is halved
(C) R is doubled
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189
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 3
Analog Electronics
+15 V
frequency is
50 nF
47 kW
6 kW
3 kW
vo
vi
vo
Fig. P3.5.42
(A) 10 kHz
(C) 354 Hz
(D) 689 Hz
Vz = 5 V
100 W
Fig. P3.5.45
RF
100 pF
100 pF
100 pF
R1
R2
v1
v2
vo
333 kW
20 kW
Fig. P3.5.43
(A) 148 kW
(B) 236 kW
(C) 438 kW
(D) 814 kW
vo
20 kW
333 kW
1 kW
C
1 kW
v R
(A) 2 log10 2 1
v1 R2
v R
(B) log10 2 1
v1 R2
v R
(C) 2.303 log10 2 1
v1 R2
v R
(D) 4.605 log10 2 1
v1 R2
1 kW
vo
+36 V
1 kW
Fig. P3.5.44
(A)
(C)
1
mF
2p
1
2p 6
30 kW
(B) 2p mF
mF
(D) 2 p 6 mF
10 kW
(B) 98.3 mA
(C) 49.4 mA
(D) 168 mA
Fig. P3.5.47
(A) 35.8 V
(B) 24.8 V
(C) 29.8 V
*******
Page
190
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Operational Amplifiers
6
= 2 mA, vo = -2m( 3k + 2 k) = -10 V
3k
vo(1) vo
v (2) vo(1)
= , v- = i
+
1+ 3 4
2+1 2 +1
2v v
v
v
v+ = v- , o = o + i , o = -8
4
3
3
vi
Chap 3.5
3k
. )=3 V
= -15
. , vo = ( -2)( -15
2k
27. (D) v+ =
v+ (0 + ) = 5m(250 ||1000) = 1 V, v+ ( ) = 0
t = 8m(1000 + 250) = 10 s
35. (A) vc (0 - ) = 5 V = vc (0 + ) = 5 V
i1
is
+
vC
is
2 kW
i2
Fig. S3.5.35
10 kW
t = 20 k 4m = 0.08 s
vc = 10 + (5 - 10) e
Fig. S3.5.28
v- = v+ , 2 kis = 4 ki1
is = 2 i1
vs = 2 kis + 10 ki2
36. (C) v- =
i2 = is + i1 , vs = 2 kis + 10 k( is + i1 ), i1 =
i
vs = 2 kis + 10 k is + s
2
is
2
t
0 .08
(10)(10 k)
=5 V
10 k + 10 k
vs
= 17k = Rin
is
R
R
= 1 V, v- = (2)
= 1 V, vd = 0
2R
2R
v + vR
VCM
VCM = +
= 1, vo = F
2
1 CMRR
100 1
CMRR = 60 dB = 10 3 , vo =
= 100 mV
1 10 3
R 240 k
29. (C) Closed loop gain A = F =
= 24
R1 10 k
The maximum output voltage vom = 24 0.02 = 0.48 V
w
4 mF
10 V
4 kW
0.5 / m
SR
. 106 rad/s
=
= 11
0.48
vom
38. (C) v+ = 0 = v- ,
R
30. (A) The offset due to Vio is vo = 1 + 1 Vio
R1
500
= 1 +
4m = 404 mV
5
-vo
v
, io = - 6 + o
6k
3k
-6( 6 k)
io = - 6 +
= -18 A.
3k
output is negative.
31. (A) 6 =
V
4V
2V
6k
= -2
3k
p
6
2p
5p
6
vo = ( -2)(2) = -4 V
Fig. S3.5.39
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193
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 3
5p p
TON
1
Duty cycle =
= 6 6 =
2p
T
3
vs - v- v- - vo
=
R1
R1
40.(A)
v+
v
v - vo
+ + + +
=0
R2 RL
R2
Analog Electronics
2 v1 = vs + vo
R2
R1
R
vo = 2 + 2 v+
R
R
2 v- = vs + 2 + 2 v+ , v- = v+
R
L
R
0 = vs + 2 v+
RL
v+ = -
RL
vs ,
R2
iL =
v+
,
RL
iL = -
R
R
vs
R2
Fig. S3.5.44
Frequency =
| H( jw)| =
1 + ( wR 2 C) 2
1 + ( wRC) 2
=1
C=
1
2pRC
1 10 3 =
1
mF
2p
45. (C) v+ = 5 V = v- = vE ,
unchanged.
R1 ||
sC
vi
v
v
+ i = o
R2 R2
R1
1
+
sR
C
vi 2 (1 + sR1 C) + 1 = vo
R
1
vi
[R2 + R1 + sR1 R2 C ] = vo
R1
vo
R + R1
= 2
vi
R1
f3dB
=
sR1 R2 C
1 + R + R
1
2
vo
R
= 1 + 2 (1 + s( R1 || R2 ) C)
vi
R1
1
=
2 p( R1 || R2 ) C
1
1
=
= 159
. kHz
2 p( 3k ||6 k)50n 2 p(2 k)50n
R=
1
( 80 k)(2 p 6 )(100 p)
RF
= 29
R
15 - 5 60 5
+
= 49.4 mA
47 k
61 100
46. (B) vo =
333
( vo1 - vo2 )
20
i
vo1 = -vBE1 - Vt ln c1
is
80 k =
2 p 6 RC
2 p 6 R(100 p)
= 8.12 kW
i
vo1 - vo2 = -Vt ln c1
ic 2
v1
,
R1
ic1 =
ic 2 =
i
, vo2 = -vBE 2 - Vt ln c 2
is
= Vt ln c 2
ic1
v2
R2
v R
vo1 - vo2 = Vt ln 2 1 , Vt = 0.0259 V
R2 v1
vo =
v R
333
333
( vo1 - vo2 ) =
(0.0259) ln 2 1
20
20
v1 R2
v R
v R
= 0.4329 ln 2 1 = 0.4329(2.3026) log10 2 1
v1 R2
v1 R2
v R
= log10 2 1
v1 R2
47. (B) v+ = v- , vZ =
10 vo
v
= o
10 + 30 4
vo = 4 vz = 6.2 4 = 24.8 V
************
Page
194
1
2 p(1k) C
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
4.1
NUMBER SYSTEMS & BOOLEAN ALGEBRA
2. 3610
3. 468
4. 212 4
number is
(B) 2, 3, and 4
(C) 1, 2, and 4
(D) 1, 3, and 4
(B) 5
(C) 7
(D) 9
List-II
numbers
(A) 25, 9 and 57 respectively
P. A + B
Q. B - A
R. A - B
1. 0 1 0 0
2. 0 1 1 0
3. 0 1 0 0
4. 1 0 0 1
5. 1 0 1 1
6. 1 0 0 1
7. 1 0 1 1
8. 0 1 1 0
S. - A - B
0011
1001
0010
0101
1100
0110
1101
1010
(A)
(B) 1
(B)
(C)
(D)
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197
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 4
28.
The
simplified
form
of
logic
Digital Electronics
function
Y = A( B + C( AB + AC)) is
(A) A B
(B) AB
(C) AB
(D) AB
(B) A + B
(C) AB + AB
(D) A B + AB
(C) 0
(D) 1
C
D
(C)
(D)
(A) A + B
(B)
Y = ( AB ) ( AB) is
(A)
(A) Y
B
C
produce X = 1, is
A
B
(B) X + Y
(C) XY
(D) X Y
Fig. P4.1.34
(B) 3
(C) 15
(D) 0
(A) A = 1, B = 1, C = 0
(B) A = 1, B = 1, C = 1
(C) A = 0, B = 1, C = 1
(D) A = 1, B = 0, C = 0
(B)
(C) Only 2
is
(A) 3
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) 6
(D)
(C)
Page
200
(B) Only 1
(A)
X Y is
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 7
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 4.1
using NAND and NOR gate. Each gate has unit cost.
(B) 3 units
(C) 4 units
(D) 6 units
(A) 1 units
(B) 2 units
(C) 3 units
(D) 4 units
(B) 3 units
(C) 4 units
(D) 6 units
G1
1
Vi
0
G2
Vo
Vi
to
Fig. P4.1.44
1 kW
1 kW
(A)
1 kW
t0
1 kW
t2
t1
t3
t1
t2
t3
t0
t1
t2
t3
(D)
(C)
t0
Fig. P4.1.41
t0
t2
t1
t3
X0
1
2
X1
3
X2
n-1
X3
Xn-1
Xn
Fig. P4.1.45
Fig. P4.1.42
(A) X
(B) X
(C) 0
(D) 1
*******
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201
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 4
Digital Electronics
A - B = A + B,
SOLUTIONS
010 10110
+ 00010011
0110 1001
- A - B = A + B,
2616 = 2 16 + 6 = 3810
468 = 4 8 + 6 = 3810
1010 1001
+ 00010011
10111100
212 4 = 2 4 2 + 41 = 3810
7. (B) Here A , B are 2s complement
A + B,
x =7
0100 0110
+ 1101 0011
1 0001 1001
11001
00110
+
1001
B - A,
= 710
= 710
1101 0011
+ 1011 1010
42 in a byte
00101010
42in a word
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
-42 in a byte
11010110
-42 in a word
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
1011 1010
+ 0010 1101
Bi
Fi
0.3
0.6
0.6
1.2
0.2
0.4
0.4
11010000
0.8
0.8
1.6
0.6
00110000 2
1100 1111
+
1110 1100
+ 1010 1001
110010101
1
+
9. (C)
Received
b4
b3
b2
p3
b1
p2
p1
C1* = b4 b2 b1 p1 = 0
C2* = b4 b3 b1 p2 = 1
C3* = b4 b3 b2 p3 = 1
10010110
Page
202
1110 0111
B - A = B + A,
+ 0010 1101
1 1000 1101
A + B,
000111
-4810 =
010 0 0110
0111 0011
000110
+
5. (C) 4810 =
0110
+ 1
0111
111001
A - B = A + B,
= 710
00111
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 4.1
= ( AA + AB)( A + B + C) = A( A + B + C) = A
23. (A)
= MQ + M NQ = Q( M + M N ) = Q( M + N )
11. (A) The logic circuit can be modified as shown in fig.
S. 4.1.11
A
B
C+D
E
Fig. S4.1.11
Now Z = AB + ( C + D) E
( A + BC)
( A + B)( A + C)
Fig. S 4.1.23
12. (D) You can see that input to last XNOR gate is
same. So output will be HIGH.
= A + ( A + B + B + C) + C = A + B + C
( A + B)( B + C ) = ( A + B) + ( B + C) = A + B + C
ABC = A + B + C
( A + B)( B + C) = ( A + B) + ( B + C)
AB + BC + AC = A + B + B + C + A + C = A + B + C
= AB + B + C = A + B + C
14. (C) ( X + Y )( X + Y ) = XY + X Y
( X + Y )( X + Y )( X + Y ) = ( X + Y )( XY + X Y )
= XY + XY = XY
= A + AB + A B( C + C( D + E))
= A + A( B + B( C + D + E)) = A + B + C + D + E
Page
203
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 4
Digital Electronics
(A) AC + AB
(B) AC + AB + BC
(C) AB + BC + ABC
(C) ( x + z)( w + y)
(D) ( x + z )( w + y)
is
x
y
z
w
x
z
w
y
z
(B) ab + b d + cd + abd
(C) ab + b d + b c + abd
Fig. P4.2.12
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
2. XY + XZ
3. XZ + XZ + YZ
4. YZ + YZ
(B) 1, 2, and 4
(C) 1, and 4
(D) 1, and 3
X = PQRS + P Q RS + PQ R S
Y = RS + PR + PQ + P Q
Z = R + S + PQ + P Q R + PQ S
Then
f ( A, B, C, D) = ( A + B C)( B + CD)
The function as a sum of product is
(A) A + BC + ACD + BCD
(B) A + BC + ACD + BCD
(A) W = Z , X = Z
(B) W = Z , X = Y
(C) W = Y
(D) W = Y = Z
00
00
01
0101, 0110, 1101 and 1110. States 1000 and 1001 do not
occur, and for the remaining states the relay is off. The
minimized Boolean expression f is
CD
01
11
10
1
Fig. P4.2.1
Page
206
(A) ( AB + AB ) C
(B) ( AB + AB ) C
(C) ABC
(D) A B C
g( x4 , x3 , x2 ) = Sm(1, 6, 7)
h( x4 , x3 , x2 , x1 ) = fg
Then h( x4 , x3 , x2 , x1 ) is
(B) Sm(3, 6)
to
(D) 0
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 4.2
(A) D = AB + AB , X = AB
follows :
(B) D = AB + AB , X = AB
f = Sm( 4, 7, 15)
(C) D = AB + AB , X = AB
(D) D = AB + AB , X = AB
22. f1 f2 = ?
(B) 16
x0
I0
(C) 4
(D) 1
x1
I1
x2
I2
(A) x
(B) x
(C) y
(D) y
D0
3-to-8
Decoder D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
(B) m9 and m6
(C) m2 and m0
(D) m6 and m9
(A) x0 x1 x2
(B) x0 x1 x2
(C) 1
(D) 0
I0
I1
I2
D0
3-to-8
D
Decoder 1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
EN
Fig. P4.2.23
(D) D4 D2 D1 + D4 D2 D1 + D8 D4 D2 D1
(A) D( A
I1
x2
I2
u C + AC )
(B) D( B C + AC )
(C) D( B C + AB )
20. f ( x2 , x1 , x0 ) = ?
x1
(C) D4 D1 + D4 D2 + D8 D1 D2 D1
I0
f2
Fig. P4.2.22
x0
f1
(D) D( B
u C + AB )
D0
3-to-8
D
Decoder 1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Fig. P4.2.21
(A) P(1, 2, 4, 5, 7)
(B) S(1, 2, 4, 5, 7)
(C) S(0, 3, 6)
I0
I1
I2
D0
3-to-8
Decoder D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Fig. P4.2.24-25
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207
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 4
Digital Electronics
28. Z 2 = ?
(A) AB + BC + CA
(B) A + B + C
(A) ab + bc + ca
(B) a + b + c
(C) ABC
(C) abc
(D) a u b u c
(A) A + B
(B) B + C
(C) C + A
in fig. P4.2.26.
x
1 MUX
D0
A0
D1
D2
y
A1
D0
A1
D3
D1
1 MUX
S0
D2
z
A0
D3
S0
C
Fig. P4.2.26
Fig. P4.2.30
A1 = 0
D1 = 1 when A0 = 1,
A1 = 0
D2 = 1 when A0 = 0,
A1 = 1
D3 = 1 when A0 = 1,
A1 = 1
The value of f ( x, y, z) is
I3
I2
(A) 0
(B) z
(C) z
(D) 1
MUX
I0
+5 V
S 1 S0
A
B) A B C
(A) ABC
MUX
Z1
Fig. P4.2.31
I1
(C) A u B
uC
(D) A + B + C
S0
P4.2.32 is
a
MUX
Z0
S0
b
S0
MUX
+5 V
Z2
Page
208
(A) a + b + c
(B) ab + ac + bc
(C) a u b u c
(D) a b c
MUX
I1
I0
S 1 S0
Y
Fig. P4.2.32
Fig. P4.2.27-29
27. Z1 = ?
I3
I2
(A) X + Y
(B) X + Y
(C) XY + X
(D) XY
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 4.2
I3
I3
I2
MUX
I1
I0
uC
(D) B u C
0
1
0
1
1
(B) y + z, y u z
(C) y + z, y z
(D) x + y ,
y z
I0
I1 MUX
I2
I3
EN
S 1 S0
w
34. f = ?
S1 S0
w
(B) A
(C) B C
Fig. P4.2.36
Fig. P4.2.33
I0
I1 MUX
I2
I3
EN
S 1 S0
I0
(A) A C
0
1
1
0
1
MUX
I1
S1 S0
A
I2
I0
I1 MUX
I2
I3
EN
S1 S0
y
0
z
0
1
z
I0
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7
MUX
EN S2 S1 S0
0
Fig. P4.2.37
Fig. P4.2.34
(A) wxyz + wx yz + xy + yz
(C) wx yz + w x yz + yz + zx
(C) w x z + wy z + w yz + wxz
35. For the logic circuit shown in fig. P4.2.35 the output
Y is
EN
S2
S1
S0
x1
x2
MUX
Fig. P4.2.35
(A) A B
(B) A B
(C) A B C
(D) A B C
X
X
X
X
X
f1
f2
f3
Fig. P.4.2.38-40
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209
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 4
38. f1 ( x2 , x1 , x0 ) = ?
Digital Electronics
(A) x2 x0 + x1 x0
(B) x2 x0 + x1 x2
(C) x2 x0
(D) x2
ux
39. f2 ( x2 , x1 , x0 ) = ?
(A) Sm(1, 2, 5, 6)
(B) Sm(1, 2, 6, 7)
(C) Sm(2, 3, 4)
40. f3( x2 , x1 , x0 ) = ?
(A) P M(0, 4, 6, 7)
(C) P M(1, 2, 3, 5)
(D) P M(2, 3, 4, 7)
P
P
X2
X1
X0
Output
Fig. P4.2.43
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9
X X X X Y3
X X X X X X Y2
X X
X
X X Y1
X
X Y0
MSB
Fig. P4.2.41
function
f1 = ab c + abc + bc
MSB
Fig. P4.2.44
f2 = ab c + ab + abc,
f3 = ab c + abc + ac
P2
X
X
P3
*******
X
P4
P5
X
F1
F2
F3
Fig. P4.2.42
Page
210
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
RS
00
01
11
00
PQ
Chap 4.2
10
01
11
functions f2 .
17. (A) f2 = Sm(4, 7, 15) + Sdc(5, 6, 12, 13, 14), f2 = x
10
yz
00
01
11
10
00
01
11
10
Fig. S 4.2.13c
Z = R + S + PQ + P Q R + PQ S= R + S + PQP Q R PQ S
wx
= R + S + ( P + Q )( P + Q + R)( P + Q + S)
= R + S + ( PQ + PR + Q P + Q R)( P + Q + S)
= R + S + PQ + PQS + PR + PRQ + PRS + Q PS + Q PR + Q RS
Fig. S 4.2.17
RS
00
01
11
10
11
10
00
PQ
01
m9 = ABCD
m9 = ABCD = m6
Fig. S 4.2.13d
D8 D4 01
11
= R + S + PQ
We can see that W = Z , X = Z
01
11
10
1
1
10
CD
00
00
AB
01
11
10
1
01
11
10
f = D8 D1 + D4 D2 D1 + D4 D2 D1 + D8 D4 D2 D1
20. (B) f = Sm(0, 3, 6) = Sm(1, 2, 4, 5, 7)
21. (C) D = AB + AB,
X = AB
Fig. S 4.2.14
15. (A) f = x3 x2 x1 + x3 x2 x1 + x3 x2 x1 = x3 x2 x1 + x3 x2
g = x4 x3 x2 + x4 x3 x2 + x4 x3 x2 = x4 x3 x2 + x4 x3
fg = x4 x3 x2 x1 + x4 x3 x2
Fig. S 4.2.20
= x4 x3 x2 x1 + x4 x3 x2 x1 + x4 x3 x2 x1
h = Sm(3, 12, 13)
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213
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 4
Digital Electronics
f2 = Sm(1, 3, 5, 7), f1 f2 = 0
30. (B) f1 = CD + CB = CB ,
= D( AB + BC + ABC ) = D( B ( A + AC ) + BC)
f = f 1 + f1 A = CB + CBA = CB + A
= D( BA + BC + BC) = D( B
u C + AB )
S = F1
= C + B + A = ABC
X = AB + BC + CA
Y =C
32. (A) Z = XY + XY + XY ,
Z=X +Y
BC
00
A
01
11
00
10
= AC + AC = A C
01
multiplexer is fa
multiplexer is fb
Fig. S4.2.24
fa = wx + wx,
26. (D) D0 = A1 A0 , D1 = A1 A0 ,
fb = wx + wx = x
f = fa yz + fb yz + yz = ( wx + wx) yz + xyz + yz
D2 = A1 A0 ,
= wxyz + wx yz + xy + yz
BC
00
A
01
11
00
01
10
Fig. S4.2.25
01
11
10
1
1
01
D3 = A1 A0
Fig. S4.2.35
A0 = z
Therefore Y = A B C
f = D0 + D1 = A1 A0 + A1 A0 = A1 = 1
36. (B) I1 = y + z ,
yz
00
01
11
10
00
I0 = 0
01
I1 = y + z
11
10
I3 = y
S1 S0
bb
wx
= a( b + b c) + abc = ab + ac + abc
= ab + ac + bc
Fig. S 4.2.36
Page
214
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I 3 = yz + yz = y u z
I2 = z
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 4.2
f = w x y + w xy + wx y + wxy = w x + w y
f2 = ab c + ab + abc = ac + b c
f3 = ab c + abc + ac = ab + bc
(A) = w x + xy
(B) = wy + w x y
(C) = w x + wy
P3 = bc, P4 = bc, P5 = ab
38. (C)f = x0 x2 + x0 x1 x2 + x0 x2 = x0 x2 (1 + x1 ) + x0 x2
Yn = Pn Qn Rn ,
= x0 x2 + x0 x2
Z n = Rn Qn + Pn Rn + Qn Pn
39. (B) f2 = x0 x1 + x1 x2 + x0 x1 x2
= x0 x1 x2 + x0 x1 x2 + x1 x2 x0 + x1 x2 x0 + x0 x1 x2
So (B) is correct.
= x2 x1 x0 + x2 x1 x0 + x2 x1 x0 + x2 x1 x0
f2 ( x2 , x1 , x0 ) = Sm(1, 2, 6, 7)
Pn
Qn
Rn
Zn
Yn
40. (C) f3 = x0 x1 + x1 x2
n =1
= x2 x1 x0 + x2 x1 x0 + x2 x1 x0 + x2 x1 x0
n =2
f3( x2 , x1 , x0 ) = Sm(0, 4, 6, 7)
n=3
f3( x2 , x1 , x0 ) = PM(1, 2, 3, 5)
n=4
1
1
41. (A)
Fig. S4.2.43a
01
00
a
01
Pn
Qn
Rn
Zn
Yn
n =1
11
10
n =2
n=3
n=4
0
Fig. S4.2.43b
Fig. S4.2.42a
1010
10
output will be
1101
Let input be
0110
bc
00
01
11
00
a
01
bc
00
a
00
01
11
01
*******
10
1
Fig. S4.2.42b
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215
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
(B)
Q1
D1
D2
Q2
Chap 4.3
X
Q1
(C)
Q1
D1
D2
Q1
(D)
Q2
D2
A CLR K
Fig.P4.3.13
Q2
Q1
D1
B CLR K
A
B
C
Q2
C CLR K
Q2
(A) 0 0 0 to 1 1 1
(B) 1 1 1 to 0 0 0
(C) 1 0 0 to 0 0 0
(D) 0 0 0 to 1 0 0
Q2
Q0
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
K CLR
K CLR
K CLR
K CLR
Q
All J.K. input are HIGH
CLK
CLK
Fig.P4.3.14
Fig.P4.3.11
(A) 24
(B) 48
(C) 25
(D) 36
160 kHZ
10-Bit
Ring Counter
w 4-Bit Parallel
Counter
Mod-25
Ripple Counter
4-Bit Johnson
Counter
Fig.P4.3.15
C
Q
(B) 160 Hz
(C) 40 Hz
(D) 5 Hz
A
K
(A) 10 Hz
Fig.P4.3.12
J2
Q2
J1
Q1
J0
Q0
K2
Q2
K1
Q1
K0
Q0
CLK
Fig.P4.3.16
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218
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 4
(A)
fc
8
fc
6
f
(D) c
2
(B)
f
(C) c
3
J2
Q1
J1
Q2
Digital Electronics
J0
10
12
Data
0011
1111
0100
1010
1011
1000
0010
Q0
Q2
Q1
K1
K0
MSB
Q0
CLK
Fig.P4.3.17
(A) 0 0 1
(B) 0 1 0
(C) 1 0 0
(D) 1 0 1
CLK
ROM
(B) R = 40 ns, S = 10 ns
(C) R = 10 ns, S = 30 ns
(D) R = 30 ns, S = 10 ns
(B) 10 MHz
(C) 4 MHz
(D) 20 Mhz
t2
Fig. P4.3.21
CLK
t
t1
CLK
(B) 1 0 1 1
(C) 1 0 0 0
(D) 0 0 1 0
Fig.P4.3.20
Page
219
(A) 0 0 0 0
(B) 0 1 0 1
(C) 1 1 1 1
(D) 1 0 1 0
Q0
Q1
Fig.P4.3.22
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Q2
Q3
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 4.3
flip-flop is
(A) 10
(B) 11
(C) 12
(D) 13
b7
b 6 b 5 b4 b 3 b 2 b 1 b0
(A) 64 4
(B) 32 8
(C) 16 16
(D) 256 1
CLK
bits is
Q
Fig.P4.3.23-24
(A) 10 bits
(B) 13 bits
(C) 8 bits
(D) 18 bits
statement:
23. The circuit act as
(B) 72
(C) 7E
(D) 74
b
e
z0
z1
a
b
Fig.P4.3.131
(B) 5
(C) 8
(D) 9
(D) A is false
*****************
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 7
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220
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 4
Digital Electronics
6. (D) Q + = LM + LMQ
SOLUTIONS
= L( M + MQ )
= L M + LQ
Q+
Q1
7. (D)
Initially
3. (C)
Qn + 1
Qn +1
Q+
Clock 1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Fig. S4.3.3
Fig. S4.3.7
4. (D) Q + = x Q
Q1+ = x1 Q0 = x1 0 + x1 0 = x1
8. (A)
Q2+ = x2 x1 ,
Q3+ = x3 x2 x1
Q4+ = x4 x3 x2 x1
5. (C)
9. (D) Z = XQ + YQ
Q+
Y = J, X = K
Q1
Fig. S4.3.9
Fig. S4.3.5
Q + = AB + AQ = AB + BQ
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221
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 4.3
10. (C)
t2
t1
t3
Q1
0
1
D2=Q1
t1
Fig.S4.3.10
11. (B)
Present State
FF Input
Next State
Q A QB
TA TB
Q +A QB+
frequency at z = 5 Hz.
16. (D)
Q0 Q0
Q2 Q2
Q1 Q1
J2 K2
J1 K 1
J0 K0
Fig. S4.3.11
0 1
1 0
0 1
0 1 0
1 0
0 1
1 0
1 0 1
0 1
1 0
0 1
0 1 0
1 0
0 1
1 0
1 0 1
FFs change the state of next FF. You may trace the
following sequence, let initial state be 0 0 0
Fig. S4.3.16
FF C
FF B
FF A
JK C
JK B
JK A
C+ B+ A+
111
111
111
111
J 2K 2 = 1 0
Q2 = 1,
000
000
110
110
J1 K 1 = 0 0
Q1 = 1,
000
110
111
101
J 0K 0 = 0 0
Q0 = 0
000
001
110
100
111
111
111
011
001
000
110
010
001
110
111
001
000
001
110
000
Fig. S4.3.12
output drive the clock inputs. The NAND gate will clear
So contents are 1 0 1 1,
At pules 2 input 1 1 = 0
So contents are 0 1 0 1,
1 0 =1
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222
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
4.4
DIGITAL LOGIC FAMILIES
+5 V
+5 V
+5 V
Z
A
B
Fig. P4.4.4
V1
+
Vo
-
V2
-
Fig. P4.4.1-2
(A) AB + C
(B) ABC
(C) ABC
(D) ABC
(A) AND
(B) OR
(C) NAND
(D) NOR
(A) AND
(B) OR
(C) NAND
(D) NOR
rise above 5 V.
Vss
20 kW
1 kW
D2
D1
V1
V1
Vo
V2
V2
Vo
1 kW
D1
D2
D0
+5 V
Fig. P4.4.5-7
Fig. P4.4.3
5. If Vss = 20 V
I D1 , I D2 , and I D0 are
Page
224
(A) AND
(B) OR
(C) NAND
(D) NOR
(D) 0,
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0,
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 4.4
+VCC
RC
(B) 0, 0, 1 mA
Vo
RB1
(D) 0, 0, 0
RB2
V1
V2
Q2
Q1
(B) 25 V
(C) 125 V
(D) 20 V
Fig. P4.4.10-11
(A) AND
(B) OR
(C) NAND
(D) NOR
+5 V
(B) OR
(C) NAND
(D) NOR
+5 V
+5 V
A
+VCC
B
C
RC
RB1
RB2
V1
Fig. P4.4.8
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) 9
Vo2
RB3
V2
Q2
Q1
(A) 3
Vo1
Q3
Fig. P4.4.12-13
(A) AND
(B) OR
(C) NAND
(D) NOR
+5 V
4 kW
Vo
(A) AND
(B) OR
(C) NAND
(D) NOR
Vi
Fig. P4.4.9
(A) 5 V, 0 V
(B) 4.8 V, 0 V
(D) 5 V, 0.2 V
both V1
and V2
saturation.
+VCC
Statement Q.1011:
R1
R2
Vo2
R3
V1
V2
P4.4.10-11.
is driven to
Q2
Q1
Vo1
Fig. P4.4.14-15
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Page
225
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
+VDD
M2
M1
+VDD
Y
A
Chap 4.4
D
Y
Fig. P4.4.22
(A) NAND
(B) NOR
(C) AND
(D) OR
Fig. P4.4.25
+VDD
Y
M2
(A) ( A + B) C + D
(B) ( AB + C) D
(C) ( A + B) C + D
(D) ( AB + C) D
M3
M1
The output Y is
+VDD
B
C
Fig. P4.4.23
B
(A) NAND
(B) NOR
C
(C) AND
(D) OR
B
Fig. P4.4.26
+VDD
A
+VDD
(A) ( A + C) B
(B) ( A + B) C
(C) AB + C
(D) AB + C
+5 V
Logic Input
A to E
PMOS
Network
Y
Fig. P4.4.24
E
(B ABC + ( A + B + C)
(C) ABC + ( A + B + C)
Fig. P4.4.27
(A) AB + CD + E
(B) ( A + B)( C + D) E
(C) AB + CD + E
(D) ( A + B)( C + D) E
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Page
227
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 4
V1
V2
Digital Electronics
Vo
Actual
Logic
Actual
Logic
Actual
Logic
VH
VH
VCE ( sat )
VL
VL
VCE
VH
VL
VCE ( sat )
VL
VH
VCE ( sat )
is ON and VY = 0 V. If
V1
V2
Vo1
M2
and M 3
flowing through M 4
ON and M 2 , M1
is ON and Q2 (Q1 )
is OFF and
M1
will
be
OFF
hence
Vo = 0 = V (0).
Let
and M 2
V1
V2
Vo
Actual
Logic
Actual
Logic
Actual
Logic
VL
VL
VCC
VH
VL
VCC
VL
VH
VCC
VH
VH
2VCE ( sat )
transistor M1
logic.
the
www.gatehelp.com
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 4.4
spike can drive the actual voltage above the 0.8 V level
Hence
PA
PB
0 0
0010
PC
PD
NA NB NC ND
OFF
OFF OFF
HIGH
ON ON OFF ON
HIGH
0110
ON OFF OFF ON
OFF ON ON OFF
LOW
1010
OFF ON OFF ON
ON OFF ON OFF
LOW
1110
ON ON ON OFF
LOW
ON
ON
ON
LOW
Y = ( A + B)C + D
A B C
PA
PB
PC
N A NB NC
ON
0 1
1 1
OFF
HIGH
ON ON OFF
OFF OFF ON
HIGH
OFF OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
LOW
ON
LOW
ON
V NL ( min ) = 0.3 V
I OL ( max )
8m
=
= 80
I IL ( max ) 0.1m
fanout (HIGH) =
Y = ( A + B) C
I OH ( max ) 400m
=
= 20
I IH ( max )
20m
LOW state.
load = 5I IL = 5 0.4 = 2 mA
*******
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Page
231
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
4.6
MICROPROCESSOR
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
HLT
DSPLY : XRA
OUT
HLT
A
PORT1
(B) FEH
(C) 01H
(D) 11H
(B) 6C
(C) DB
(D) B6
MVI
A, DATA1
MOV
B, A
SUI
51H
JC
DLT
MOV
A, B
SUI
82H
JC
DSPLY
DLT :
XRA
A
OUT PORT1
HLT
DSPLY : MOV
A, B
OUT PORT2
HLT
A, A9H
B, 57H
B
A
(A) (0, 1, 1)
(B) (0, 1, 0)
(C) (1, 0, 0)
(D) (1, 0, 1)
A, 8EH
73H
DSPLY
PORT1
of instruction
(a)
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MOV
ANI
MOV
HLT
A, C
F0H
C, A
Page
239
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 4
(b)
(c)
(d)
Digital Electronics
MOV
MVI
ANA
MOV
HLT
A, C
B, F0H
B
C, A
MOV
MVI
ANA
MOV
HLT
A, C
B, 0FH
B
C, A
MOV
ANI
MOV
HLT
A, C
0FH
C, A
MVI
ADI
MOV
HLT
A, 5EH
A2H
C, A
operation are
(A) a and b
(B) c and d
(C) only a
(D) only d
S
0
CY
0
A
B, 4AH
4FH
B
CY
(A) 10H
10H
(B) 10H
10H
(C) 00H
00H
(D) 00H
00H
(A) 05, 4A
(B) 4F, 00
(C) B1, 4A
B, 89H
A, B
C, A
D, 37H
PORT1
(B) 37
(C) 00
(A)
JNZ
ADD
DCR
LOOP
B
C
(B)
ADD
JNZ
DCR
B
LOOP
C
(C)
DCR
JNZ
ADD
C
LOOP
B
(D)
ADD
DCR
JNZ
B
C
LOOP
below
LXI
MOV
CMA
MOV
H, 9258H
A, M
M, A
Z
0
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Microprocessor
Chap 4.6
(A) A7H
(B) 98H
MVI
MOV
START : JMP
MVI
XRA
OUT
HLT
NEXT : XRA
JP
OUT
HLT
(C) 47H
B, 87H
A, B
NEXT
B, 00H
B
PORT1
B
START1
PORT2
(A) 20 Byte
(B) 21 Byte
(C) 23 Byte
(D) 18 Byte
of 8085, is
(A) XRA A
Address Hex.
Contents (Hex.)
3000
02
3001
30
3002
00
MVI
ORA
JM
OUT
CMA
DSPLY : ADI
OUT
HLT
3003
30
A, DATA1
A,
DSPLY
PORT1
01H
PORT1
Fig. P4.6.17
(B) 58H
(C) 00
LHLD
MOV
INX
MOV
LDAX
MOV
INX
LDAX
MOV
3000H
E, M
H
D, M
D
L, A
D
D
H, A
H 4A02H
4A00H
B, A
4A01H
B
FNSH
GRT
M, A
FNSH
M, B
program will be
(A) 0030 H
(B) 3000 H
(C) 3002 H
(D) 0230H
XRA
LXI
LOOP : DCX
JNZ
A
B, 0007H
B
LOOP
(A) 1 times
(B) 8 times
(C) 7 times
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Page
241
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 4
H, 000AH
B
A, B
C
LOOP
(A) 1 time
(B) 10 times
(C) 11 times
(B) 8CH
(C) 12H
(A) CFH
(B) 4FH
(C) 4EH
(D) CEH
RJCT :
A, BYTE1
MVI
ORA
RLC
Digital Electronics
MVI
MVI
MVI
CMP
JC
CMP
JNC
OUT
HLT
SUB A
OUT
HLT
PORT1
A, B7H
A
DATA (H)
(A) 6EH
(B) 6FH
(C) EEH
(D) EFH
58
64
73
C8
FA
A, C5H
A
(A) 45H
(B) C5H
(C) C4H
IN
ANI
B4
MVI
ORA
RAL
01H
80H
A, BYTE1
B, A
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Page
242
A, DATA
B, 64H
C, C8H
B
RJCT
C
RJCT
PORT1
(A) 46H
(B) 70H
(C) 38H
(D) 68H
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Microprocessor
ORA
JM
A
DSPLY
OUT
DSPLY : CMA
ADI
OUT
HLT
PORT1
01H
PORT1
;Set flag
;If negative jump to
;DSPLY
;A PORT1
;Complement A
;A+1 A
;A PORT1
Chap 4.6
18. (A) The instruction XRA will set the Z flag. LXI and
DCX does not alter the flag. Hence this loop will be
executed 1 times.
19. (B) LXI
LOOP : DCX
MOV
ORA
JNZ
B, 000AH
B
A, B
C
LOOP
;00 C, 0AH B
; CB 1 B,
;flag not affected
;B A
;A OR C A, set flag
LXI
H, 4A02H
LDA
4A00H
MOV
LDA
B, A
4A01H
CMA
JZ
B
FNSH
JC
GRT
MOV
JMP
GRT :
MOV
FNSH : HLT
M, A
FNSH
M, B
MVI
ORA
RLC
A, B7H
A
;B7H A
;Set Flags, CY = 1
;Rotate accumulator left
10100111
After RLC
01001111
CY D0 ,
20. (B)
: 2Byte instruction
Operand 16bit
: 3Byte instruction
CY
Before RAL
10110111
After RAL
01101110
A, C5H
A
RRC
;C5H A
;Reset Carry flag
;Rotate A left through
;carry, A = 8AH
;Rotate A right, A = 45H
Byte.
17. (C)
XRA
ANI
MVI
A
00H
A
LHLD
MOV
INX
MOV
LDAX
MOV
INX
LDAX
MOV
3000H
E, M
H
D, M
D
L, A
D
D
H, A
;A A
;A AND 00
;00 A
;(3000A) HL = 3002H
;(3002H) E = 00
;HL +1 HL = 3003H
;M D=(3003H) = 30H
;(DE) A=(3000H) = 02H
;A L = 02H
;DE +1 DE = 3001H
;(DE) A = (3001) = 30H
;A H = 30H
= 0001 1001
= 1000 1100
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Page
245
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 4
ACI
;A + 56H + CY A
56H
D6 = 0 = zero flag.
MVI A DATA1
ORA
A
JP
DSPLY
XRA
DSPLY OUT
HLT
A
PORT1
;DATA1 A
; Set flag
;If A is positive, then
;jump to DSPLY
; Clear A
; A PORT2
Page
246
www.gatehelp.com
Digital Electronics
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
e2 t, t < 0
30. y( t) = u( t) * h( t) , where h( t) = -3t
e , t >0
1
5 1
(A) e -2 t u( - t - 1) + - e -3t u( -t)
2
6 3
(A)
5
3
1
13 -4 t
sin t +
cos t + e - t e , t 0
34
34
6
61
(B)
5
3
13 -4 t 1 - t
sin t +
cos t e + e , t 0
34
34
51
6
(B)
1 2t
5 1
e u( -t - 1) + - e-3t u( -t)
2
6 3
(C)
3
5
13 -4 t 1 - t
sin t +
cos t e + e , t 0
34
34
51
6
(C)
1 2t 1
e + [5 - 3e 2 t - 2 e -3t ]u( t)
2
6
(D)
3
5
1
13 -4 t
sin t +
cos t + e -4 t e , t 0
34
34
6
51
(D)
1 2t 1
e + [5 - 3e 2 t - 2 e -3t ]u( -t)
2
6
37.
d 2 y ( t)
dy ( t)
+6
+ 8 y( t) = 2 x( t),
dt 2
dt
y (0 - ) = -1,
(A)
2 - t 5 -2 t 5 -4 t
e - e + e , t 0
3
2
6
31. h( t) = e - |t |
(B)
2 5 -2 t 5 -4 t
+ e + e , t 0
3 2
6
(A) 2 + e t - e - t
(B) e t u( -t + 1) + 2 - e - t
(C) e t u( -t + 1) + [2 - e - t ]u( t)
(D) e t + [2 - e - t - e t ]u( t)
(C) 4 + 5( 3e -2 t + e -4 t ) , t 0
(D) 4 - 5( 3e -2 t + e -4 t ), t 0
32. h( t) = d( 2 ) ( t)
(A) 1
(B) u( t)
(C) d( 3) ( t)
(D) d( t)
38.
d 2 y( t)
3dx( t)
,
+ y( t) =
dt 2
dt
y (0 - ) = -1,
33. h( t) = u( t) - u( t - 4)
(A) tu( t) + (1 - t) u( t - 4)
(B) tu( t) + (1 - t) u( t - 4)
(C) 1 + t
(D) (1 + t) u( t)
(A) u( t)
(B) t
(C) 1
(D) tu( t)
0,
(A) 15 (1 + 4 e -10 t ) u( t)
(B) 15 (1 + 4 e -10 t )
(C) - 15 (1 + 4 e -10 t ) u( t)
(D) - 15 (1 + 4 e -10 t )
p
p
t
w
w
otherwise
3p
w
(D)
3p
2w
d 2 y( t)
dy( t)
dx( t)
,
36.
+5
+ 4 y( t) =
2
dt
dt
dt
dy( t)
= 1, x( t) = sin t u( t)
y (0 - ) = 0,
dt 0 -
Page
252
dy( t)
= 1, x( t) = 2 te- t u( t)
dt 0 -
34. h( t) = y( t)
35.
dy( t)
= 1, x( t) = e - t u( t)
dt 0 -
(B) 4
(C) 2.83
(D) 8
www.gatehelp.com
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Continuous-Time Systems
Chap 5.1
46. The y( t) = x( t) * h( t) is
y(t)
y(t)
(B) d( t - 0.25)
(C) d( t - 1)
(D) 0.5 d( t - 1)
1+a
y(t)
h(t)
a
1
1+a
2
1+a
1-a
(C)
Fig P5.1.42
value of a is
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 0
S1 : h1 ( t) = e - (1 - 2 j ) t u( t)
S2 : h2 ( t) = e cos 2 t u( t)
The stable system is
(A) S1
(B) S2
(D) None
x( t) dt
is
(A) 4
(B) 2
(C) 1
(D)
49. The
dx( t)
dt
-t
(A) y( t) = x( t - 4)
(D)
(C) y( t) =
(B)
y(t)
1-a
(A)
Suppose that
0 t 1
elsewhere
1,
x( t) =
0,
x( t) = e - j 2 t y( t) = e - j 5t
(A) cos (5 t - 1)
(C) cos 5( t - 1)
50. The
and
t
h( t) = x , where 0 < a 1.
a
(A)
1 t
1
e u( -t) + e - t u( t)
2
2
(B)
et 1 - t
+ ( e - e t ) u( t)
2 2
(C)
1 -t
1
e u( -t) + e - t u( t)
2
2
(D)
1 t
1
e u( -t) - e - t u( t)
2
2
*********************
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Page
253
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
11. (C)
SOLUTIONS
x(10t)
x(10t-5)
1. (A)
2p
= 60 p
T
2. (C) T1 =
T=
p
30
-0.5 -0.4
0.4 0.5
0.1
0.9
Fig S5.1.11
2p
2p
2p 2p
s, T2 =
s, LCM
,
= 2p
5
7
7
5
infinite.
5. (C) y( t) is not periodic although sin t and 6 cos 2 pt are
independently periodic. The fundamental frequency
cant be determined.
| x ( t)|dt <
-4 t
-4 t
e u( t) dt = e dt =
7. (A) | x( t)| = 1, E =
| x( t)| dt
2
1
4
1
T 2T
-5
otherwise
=8+
=
| x( t)| dt
2
-4
E = (1) 2 dt + ( -1) 2 dt = 2
1,
=1
-T
y1 ( t) = u{v( t)},
(Time invariant)
u(t-b)
17. (C) y1 ( t) = v( t - 5) - v( 3 - t)
u(a-t) - u(t-b)
(Homogeneous)
Let x1 ( t) = v( t) then y1 ( t) = v( t - 5) - v( 3 - t)
Let x2 ( t) = 2 w( t) then y2 ( t) = w( t - 5) - w( 3 - t)
Fig S5.1.3.9
Let x3( t) = x( t) + w( t)
10. (B)
Then
r(t-4)
r(t-6)
r(t-4) - r(t-6)
y3( t) = v( t - 5) + w( t - 5) - v( 3 - t) - w( 3 - t)
= y1 ( t) + y2 ( t)
(Additive)
Fig S5.1.10
Page
254
y1 ( t) = v( t - 5) - v( 3 - t)
y2 ( t) = v( t - to - 5) - v( 3 - t + to) = y1 ( t - to)
www.gatehelp.com
(Time invariant)
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Continuous-Time Systems
At
time,
Therefore
the
Chap 5.1
to check linearity.
later time t = 3.
d
y1 ( t) - 8 y1 ( t) = v( t)
dt
d
Let x2 ( t) = v( t - to) then t
y2 ( t) - 8 y2 ( t) = v( t - to)
dt
(Not causal)
(Stable)
t
t
18. (D) y1 ( t) = v , y2 ( t) = kv = ky1 ( t)
2
2
(Homogeneous)
Let x1 ( t) = v( t) then t
x3 = v( t) + w( t) then
t
t
y3( t) = v + w = y1 ( y) + y2 ( t)
2
2
(Additive)
y2 ( t) y1 ( t - to)
(Time Variant)
linear
x( l)
y( l)
dl + 8
dl
l
-
- l
t
t
t
t - to
y1 ( t) = v , y2 - to y( t - to) = v
2
2
(Time variant)
(Causal)
t = -1.
(Not causal)
(Stable)
(Homogeneous)
22. (C) y1 ( t) =
x3( t) = v( t) + w( t)
t+ 3
v(l)dl
(Additive)
t+ 3
t+ 3
y2 ( t) =
x3( t) = v( t) + w( t)
y1 ( t) = cos 2 pt v( t)
y3( t) =
(Time Variant)
(Homogeneous)
t+ 3
t+ 3
t+ 3
[ v( l) + w( l)]dl =
v( l)dl +
w( l)dl
= y1 (t) + y2 (t)
(Additive)
later time.
(Causal)
y1 ( t) =
(Stable)
v(l)dl
y2 ( t) =
t+ 3
t+ 3
t - to + 3
v(l - to )dl =
v(l)dl = y (t - t )
o
If k is negative k y1 ( t) ky1 ( t)
(Time invariant)
(Time Invariant)
The response at any time t = to depends only on the
excitation at that time and not on the excitation at any
later time.
If x( t) is bounded then y( t) is bounded.
(Causal)
future.
If x( t) is a constant k, then y ( t) =
(Not causal)
t+ 3
t+ 3
kdl = k dl and as
(unstable)
(Stable)
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Page
255
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
pn
pn
pn p
14. x[ n] = cos
+
- sin
+ 3 cos
3
2
8
4
11. x[ n + 2 ] y[ n - 2 ]
x[n]
3
(A)
1
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
x[n]
3
15. x[ n] = 2 e
(B)
1
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
-1
(C)
j - p
6
-2
-3
(C) 5 rad/cycle
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
-1
(D)
(B) 10 rad/cycle
(D)
p
rad/cycle
5
-2
-3
(A) -7 n 9
(B) -3 n 9
(C) 2 n 3
(D) -5 n 6
pn
pn 1
12. x[ n] = cos
+ sin
+
9
2
7
(A) periodic with period N = 126
(B) periodic with period N = 32
Page
260
option.
18. x[ n] = {1, 2, 4}, h[ n] = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1}
(A) {1, 3, 7, 7, 7, 6, 4}
(B) {1, 3, 3, 7, 7, 6, 4}
(C) {1, 2, 4}
(D) {1, 3, 7}
n
pn
13. x[ n] = cos cos
8
8
(B) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
(A) {1, 4, 1}
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Discrete-Time Systems
Chap 5.2
(B) {0, 0, 3}
(C) {0, 0, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1}
1,
26. x[ n] = 2,
0
n = -2, 0, 1
n = -1
elsewhere
h (n) = d[ n ] - d[ n - 1] + d[ n - 4]
(A) d[ n ] - 2 d[ n - 1 ] + 4 d[ n - 4 ] + d[ n - 5 ]
(B) d[ n + 2 ] + d[ n + 1 ] - d[ n ] + 2 d[ n - 3 ] + d[ n - 4 ] + d[ n - 5 ]
(C) d[ n + 2 ] - d[ n + 1 ] + d[ n ] + 2 d[ n - 3 ] - d[ n - 4 ] + 2 d[ n - 5 ]
(D) d[ n ] + 2 d[ n - 1 ] + 4 d[ n - 5 ] + d[ n - 5 ]
4
6
(B)
4
u[ -n + 2 ]
6
(C)
8
( -1) n u[ -n + 2 ]
3
(D)
8
( -1) n
3
28. y[ n] =
1
u[ n] * u[ n + 2 ]
4n
1 1
(A) - n u[ n]
3 4
1 12
(B) - n u[ n + 2 ]
3 4
4 1 1 n
u[ n + 2 ]
(C) 3 12 4
1
16
(D)
- n u[ n + 2 ]
3 4
29. y[ n] = 3n u[ -n + 3] * u[ n - 2 ]
3n
,
(A) 2
83 ,
2
3n
,
(C) 2
81 ,
2
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n 5
n6
n 5
n6
3n ,
(B) 83
2 ,
3n
,
(D) 6
81 ,
2
n 5
n6
n 5
n6
Page
261
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
30. y[ n] = u[ n + 3] * u[ n - 3]
(A) ( n + 1) u[ n]
(B) nu[ n]
(C) ( n - 1) u[ n]
(D) u[ n]
31.
The
convolution
of
x[ n] = cos ( 2p n) u[ n]
x[n]
and
10
y[n]
Fig. P5.2.37
(A) P, Q, R, S
(B) Q, R, S
(C) P, R, S
(D) P, Q, S
n = 4 m + 1, 4 m + 2
n = 4 m, 4 m + 3
1,
(C)
0,
n = 4 m + 1, 4 m + 3
0,
(D)
1,
n = 4 m + 1, 4 m + 3
n = 4 m, 4 m + 2
n = 4 m, 4 m + 2
y[n]
+
Fig. P5.2.38
(A) P, Q, R, S
(B) P, Q, R
(C) P, Q
(D) Q, R, S
fig. P5.2.3941.
x[n]
(A) P, Q, R
(B) Q, R, S
(C) R, S, P
(D) S , P, Q
S2
S1
y[n]
Fig. P5.2.3941.
33. y[ n] = nx[ n]
(A) P, Q, R, S
(B) Q, R, S
(C) P, R
(D) Q, S
34. y[ n] =
n +1
u[ m ]
m = -
(A) P, Q, R, S
(B) R, S
(C) P, Q
(D) Q, R
35. y[ n] = x[ n]
(A) Q, R, S
(B) R, S, P
(C) S, P, Q
(D) P, Q, R
y[n]
(B) b, c, d
(C) a, c, d
(D) All
Fig. P5.2.36
Page
262
are
(A) P, Q, R, S
(B) Q, R, S
(C) P, Q
(D) R, S
(B) Only a
(C) Only b
(D) None
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Discrete-Time Systems
Chap 5.2
y[n]
1
4
x[n]
(C) Only b
y[n-2]
(D) None
1
4
-1
2
Fig. P5.2.45
system :
x1 [ n] = {1, 0, 2}
y1 [ n] = {0, 1, 2}
x2 [ n] = {0, 0, 3}
y2 [ n] = {0, 1, 0, 2}
x3[ n] = {0, 0, 0, 1}
y3[ n] = {1, 2, 1}
1
h[ n] = - u[ n].
2
system is
(A) System is linear
1
1
2 --
3
2
(C)
1
1
2 + -
3
2
n +1
(A)
n +1
u[ n]
(B)
1
1
2 --
3
2
u[ n]
(D)
1
1
2 + -
3
2
u[ n]
u[ n]
is
x1 [ n] = { -1, 2, 1}
y1 [ n] = {1, 2, - 1, 0, 1}
x2 [ n] = {1, - 1, - 1}
y2 [ n] = { - 1, 1, 0, 2}
x3[ n] = {0, 1, 1}
y[ n] -
(A)
3 1
- u[ n]
2 2
(C)
3 1
u[ n]
2 2
(A) y[ n] = x[ n] + 11
. y[ n - 1]
(B) y[ n] = x[ n] -
1
( y[ n - 1] + y[ n - 2 ])
2
(D)
21
u[ n]
32
y[ n] - 2 y[ n - 1] + y[ n - 2 ] = x[ n] - x[ n - 1]
If y[ n] = 0 for n < 0 and x[ n] = d[ n], then y[2 ] will
2 1
- u[ n]
3 2
(B)
y [ -1] = 3
y3[ n] = {1, 2, 1}
1
y[ n - 1] = 2 x[ n],
2
be
(A) 2
(B) -2
(C) -1
(D) 0
(C) y[ n] = x[ n] - (15
. y[ n - 1] + 0.4 y[ n - 2 ])
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e jp3n
is specified as
Page
263
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
for
n + 2 0
or
n < - 2, y [ n] = 0
n - 2, y[ n] =
or
n+2
4k
4 1 1
,
3 12 4 n
k=0
4 1 1 n
u[ n + 2 ]
y[ n] = 3 12 4
n -2
k=
for n - 2 4 or n 6, y[ n] =
Fig. S5.2.24
-3
-6
12
-4
-4
-16
12
-24
-16
12
3n
,
y[ n] = 6
81 ,
2
-9
18
81
,
2
n6
n < 0,
y[ n] = 0
n -3
n > 0, y[ n] =
for n - 3 - 3 or
1 = n + 1,
k = -3
y[ n] = ( n + 1) u[ n]
31. (A) For n - 1 < 0
12
For
Fig. S5.2.25
n 5
k = -
3n
6
3k =
n -1 0
1,
y[ n] =
0,
or
or
n <1 ,
y[ n] = 0
p
n 1, y[ n] = cos k
k=0
2
n -1
n = 4 m + 1, 4 m + 2
n = 4 m, 4 m + 3
y2 [ n] k y1 [ n]
-1
-1
-1
-2
-1
-1
y1 [ n - no ] = rect ( v[ n - no ]) = y2 [ n]
(Time Invariant)
(Causal)
(Stable)
Fig. S5.2.26
y[ n] = {1, 1, -1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1}
ky1 [ n] = y2 [ n]
y[ n ] = d[ n + 2 ] + d[ n + 1 ] - d[ n ] + 2 d[ n - 3 ] + d[ n - 4 ] + d[ n - 5 ]
( -1)
27. (D) y[ n] =
k=n -2
1
2n -
2
=
1
1+
2
Page
266
n -2
8
( -1) n
3
2n -k = 2n
k=n -2
y2 [ n] = nkv[ n]
1
-
2
(Homogeneous)
Let x1 [ n] = v[ n]
then
y1 [ n] = nv[ n]
Let x2 [ n] = w[ n]
then
y2 [ n] = nw[ n]
(Additive)
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Discrete-Time Systems
(Time variant)
Chap 5.2
(Causal)
(Stable).
37. (B) y1 [ n] = 10 v[ n] - 5,
y2 [ n] ky1 [ n]
n +1
34. (C) y1 [ n] =
v[ m ] ,
y2 [ n ] =
m = -
(Unstable)
n +1
kv[ m ]
n = -
y3[ n] =
y1 [ n - no ] = 10 v[ n - no ] - 5, = y2 [ n]
m = -
(Homogeneous)
v[ m ], y2 [ n] =
y1 [ n] = 10 v[ n] - 5, y2 [ n] = 10 v[ n - no ] - 5
n +1
y2 [ n] = ky1 [ n]
y1 [ n] =
y2 [ n] = 10 kv[ n] - 5
n +1
w[ m ]
(Time Invariant)
n = -
(Causal)
n +1
( v[ n] + w[ m ])
(Stable).
m = -
n +1
n +1
m = -
m = -
v[ m ] + w[ n] = y [ n] + y [ n]
1
(Additive)
n +1
v[ n] , y2 [ n] =
m = -
y1 [ n - no ] =
y[ n] = x[ n] + x[ n - 1] + y[ n - 2 ], Then by induction
y[ n] = x[ n - 1] + x[ n - 2 ] + K x[ n - k] + K = x[ n - k]
k=0
n +1
v[ m - no ]
n +1
m = -
q = -
v[ q - no ] = y2 [ n]
y1 [ n] =
v[ m ] ,
m =n
m = -
kv[ m ] = ky [ n]
y2 [ n ] =
m = -
x[ m ] = x[ m ]
Let m = n - k then y[ n] =
m = -
n -no +1
v[ m ] =
m = -
(Time Invariant)
At any discrete time, n = no , the response depends on
the excitation at the next discrete time in future.
(Anti causal)
(Homogeneous)
y3[ n] =
m = -
m = -
m = -
(v[ m ] + w[ m ]) = v[ m ] + w[ m ]
= y1 [ n] + y2 [ n]
(Additive)
System is Linear.
without bound.
y1 [ n] =
(Unstable)
v[ m ]
m = -
m = -
y1 [ n] can be written as
y1 [ n - no ] = v[ n - no ] = y2 [ n]
v[ n - n ]
, y2 =
(Causal)
y1 [ n - no ] =
n -no
m = -
q = -
v[ m ] = v[ q - n ] = y [ n]
o
(Time Invariant)
At any discrete time n = no the response depends only
on the excitation at that discrete time and previous
discrete time.
(Causal)
(Unstable)
Let x1 [ n] = v[ n]
then y1 [ n] = 2 v 2 [ n]
S1 : y[ n] = x[ n] + b, and S2 : y[ n] = x[ n] - b , where b 0
y2 [ n] = 2 k2 v 2 [ n]
y1 [ n] = 2 v 2 [ n]
Hence S is linear.
Let x2 [ n] = v[ n - no ] then y2 [ n] = 2 v 2 [ n - no ]
y1 [ n - no ] = 2 v[ n - no ] = y2 [ n]
S1 : y[ n] = nx[ n]
(Time invariant)
(Causal)
and S2 : y[ n] = nx[ n + 1]
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267
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
5.3
THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM
6. x( t) = u( t) - u( t - 2)
(A)
-e
s
(B)
-2 s
e -2 s - 1
s
(B)
1 - e -2 s
s
(C)
2
s
(D)
-2
s
s
7. x( t) =
-2 s
e
(C)
1+ s
(A)
(D) 0
(A)
1
s( s + 1) 2
(B)
s
( s + 1) 2
(C)
e- s
s+1
(D)
e- s
( s + 1) 2
2. x( t) = u( t + 2)
(A)
1
s
(B) -
(C)
e -2 s
s
(D)
1
s
-e - 2 s
s
3. x( t) = e -2 t u( t + 1)
(A)
(C)
1
s+2
(B)
e- ( s + 2 )
s+2
(D)
e- s
s+2
-e - s
s+2
4. x( t) = e 2 t u( -t + 2)
(A)
2 (s - 2 )
-1
s -2
-2 ( s - 2 )
(C)
1-e
s -2
1
s( s 2 + 4 p2 )
(B)
2p
s 2 ( s 2 + 4 p2 )
(C)
1
s ( s + 4 p2 )
(D)
s3
s + 4 p2
-3
s4
e
s+2
-2 s
(D)
9. x( t) = t 3u( t)
(A)
3
s4
(B)
(C)
6
s4
(D) -
-2 s
(B)
d
{ te - t u( t)}
dt
e
s -2
6
s4
10. x( t) = u( t - 1) * e -2 t u( t - 1)
5. x( t) = sin 5 t
5
(A) 2
s +5
s
(B) 2
s +5
(A)
e -2 ( s + 1 )
2s + 1
(B)
e -2 ( s + 1 )
s+1
5
(C) 2
s + 25
s
(D) 2
s + 25
(C)
e- ( s + 2 )
s+2
(D)
e -2 ( s + 1 )
s+2
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
17. X ( s) =
s2 - 3
( s + 2)( s 2 + 2 s + 1)
(A)
-( s + 3)
s(( s + 3) 2 + 4)
(B)
( s + 3)
s(( s + 3) 2 + 4)
(A) ( e -2 t - 2 te - t ) u( t)
(B) ( e -2 t + 2 te - t ) u( t)
(C) ( e - t - 2 te -2 t ) u( t)
(D) ( e - t + 2 te -2 t ) u( t)
(C)
s( s + 3)
( s + 3) 2 + 4
(D)
-s( s + 3)
( s + 3) 2 + 4
18. X ( s) =
12. x( t) = t
( s + 2 s + 2)
( s 2 + 4 s + 2) 2
-( s + 2 s + 2)
( s 2 + 4 s + 2) 2
2
(D)
(B) (2 e - t - e -2 t ) u( t)
(C) (2 e -2 t - e - t ) u( t)
(D) (2 e - t + e -2 t ) u( t)
(A) (2 e -2 t + e - t ) u( t)
2 s 2 + 10 s + 11
s2 + 5 s + 6
20. X ( s) =
(C) 2 d( t) + ( e
+ e ) u( t)
(D) 2 d( t) - ( e
-2 t
+ e -3t ) u( t)
15. X ( s) =
-t
-3t
2s - 1
s2 + 2 s + 1
-t
(A) ( 3e - 2 te ) u( t)
(B) ( 3e- t + 2 te- t ) u( t)
16. X ( s) =
5s + 4
s 3 + 3s 2 + 2 s
2 s 2 + 11s + 16 + e -2 s
( s2 + 5 s + 6)
(A) 2 d( t) + ( 3e -2 t - 2 e-3t ) u( t - 2)
(B) 2 d( t) + (2 e -2 t - e -3t + e -2 ( t - 2 ) + e -3( t - 2 ) ) u( t)
(C) 2 d( t) + (2 e -2 t - e -3t ) u( t) + ( e -2 t - e -3t ) u( t - 2)
(D) 2 d( t) + (2 e -2 t - e -3t ) u( t) + ( e -2 ( t - 2 ) - e -3( t - 2 ) ) u( t - 2)
22. X ( s) = s
(C) (2 e- t - 3te- t ) u( t)
(D) (2 e- t + 3te- t ) u( t)
3s 2 + 10 s + 10
( s + 2)( s 2 + 6 s + 10)
(B) 2 d( t) + ( e -2 t - e-3t ) u( t)
-2 t
4 s 2 + 8 s + 10
( s + 2)( s 2 + 2 s + 5)
s+3
13. X ( s) = 2
s + 3s + 2
14. X ( s) =
( s 2 + 4 s + 2)
(B) 2
( s + 2 s + 2) 2
(C)
3s + 2
s + 2 s + 10
1
-t
d -t
{ e cos t u( t)}
dt
-( s 2 + 4 s + 2)
(A) 2
( s + 2 s + 2) 2
d2
ds 2
1
1
2
+
9
3
s
+
s
+
2t
t2
(A) e -3t +
sin 3t + cos 3t u( t)
3
9
(A) (2 + e - t + 3e -2 t ) u( t)
2t
(C) e -3t +
sin 3t + t 2 cos 3t u( t)
3
(B) (2 + e - t - 3e -2 t ) u( t)
(C) ( 3 + e - t - 3e -2 t ) u( t)
(D) ( 3 + e - t + 3e -2 t ) u( t)
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270
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
23. X ( s) =
(A) e
(C)
-0 .5t
Chap 5.3
1
(2 s + 1) 2 + 4
1
(B) e - t sin t u( t)
2
sin t u( t)
1 -0 .5t
e
sin t u( t)
4
x( t) u( t)
(D) e - t sin t u( t)
2s
.
s2 + 2
24. X ( s) = e
-2 s
1
d
ds ( s + 1) 2
30. y( t) = x( t - 2)
(A) - te - t u(1 - t)
(B) -te - t u( t - 1)
(C) -( t - 2) 2 e - ( t - 2 ) u( t - 2)
(D) te - t u( t - 1)
(A)
2 se -2 s
s2 + 2
(B)
2 se 2 s
s2 + 2
(C)
2( s - 2)
( s - 2) 2 + 1
(D)
2( s + 2)
( s + 2) 2 + 1
X ( s).
dx( t)
dt
(A)
4 s3
( s 2 + 2) 2
(B)
4
( s 2 + 2) 2
-4 s 3
( s + 2) 2
(D)
4
( s 2 + 2) 2
25. Y ( s) = ( s + 1) X ( s)
(A) [cos 2 t - 2 sin 2 t ]u( t)
sin 2 t
(B) cos 2 t +
u( t)
2
(C)
sin 2 t
(D) cos 2 t u( t)
2
32. y( t) = e - t x( t)
(A)
2( s + 1)
( s + 1) 2 + 2
(B)
2( s + 1)
s2 + 2 s + 2
(C)
2( s + 1)
s2 + 2 s + 4
(D)
2( s + 1)
s2 + 2 s
26. Y ( s) = X ( 3s)
2
(A) cos t u( t)
3
1
2
(B) cos t u( t)
3
3
(C) cos 6t u( t)
(D)
1
cos 6 t u( t)
3
33. y( t) = 2 tx( t)
(A)
8 - 4 s2
( s 2 + 2) 2
(B)
4 s2 - 8
( s 2 + 2) 2
(C)
4 s2
s2 + 1
(D)
s2
s +1
27. Y ( s) = X ( s + 2)
(A) cos 2( t - 2) u( t)
(B) e2 t cos 2 t u( t)
(C) cos 2( t + 2) u( t)
(C) t cos 2 t u( t)
29. Y ( s) =
1 - cos 2 t
u( t)
4
cos 2 t
(D)
u( t)
t2
d -3s
[ e X ( s)]
ds
(A) t cos 2( t - 3) u( t - 3)
(B) t cos 2( t - 3) u( t)
(C) -t cos 2( t - 3) u( t - 3)
(D) -t cos 2( t - 3) u( t)
e2 ( s + 1 )
,
s+1
Re ( s) > -1
(B)
1
,
1+ s
Re ( s) < - 1
(C)
e2 ( s + 1 )
,
s+1
Re ( s) < - 1
(D)
1
,
1+ s
Re ( s) > -1
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271
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
35. x( t) = u( -t + 3)
1 - e -3s
,
(A)
s
(B)
1-e
(C)
s
(D)
-3s
Re ( s) > 3
(B)
e 3s
,
s-3
Re ( s) < 3
(C)
e 3( s -1 )
,
s-3
Re ( s) > 3
(D)
e 3( s -1 )
,
s-3
Re ( s) < 3
Re ( s) < 0
-e -3s
,
s
Re ( s) > 0
(B) e , Re ( s) < 0
(C) e , all s
37. x( t) = sin t u( t)
1
,
(A)
(1 + s 2 )
Re ( s) > 0
-1
(C)
,
(1 + s 2 )
Re ( s) < 0
-1
,
(1 + s 2 )
Re ( s) > 0
t
2
-1 < Re ( s) < 0
(C)
s
,
( s + 1)( s 2 + 9)
-1 < Re ( s) < 0
(D)
s
,
( s + 1)( s 2 + 9)
Re ( s) > 0
42. x( t) = e t sin (2 t + 4) u( t + 2)
-t
38. x( t) = e u( t) + e u( t) + e u( -t)
t
(A)
6 s2 + 2 s - 2
,
(2 s + 1)( s 2 - 1)
Re ( s) < - 0.5
(B)
6 s2 + 2 s - 2
,
(2 s + 1)( s 2 - 1)
-1 > Re ( s) > 1
(C)
1
1
1
,
+
+
s + 0.5 s + 1 s - 1
-1 < Re ( s) < 1
(D)
1
1
1
,
+
s + 0.5 s + 1 s - 1
(A)
e 2 ( s -1 )
,
( s - 1) 2 + 4
Re ( s) > 1
(B)
e 2 ( s -1 )
,
( s - 1) 2 + 4
Re ( s) < 1
(C)
e( s - 2 )
,
( s - 1) 2 + 4
Re ( s) > 1
(D)
e( s - 2 )
,
( s - 1) 2 + 4
43. x( t) = e t
(A)
1-s
,
s+1
Re ( s) > -1
(C)
s -1
,
s+1
Re ( s) < - 1
s -1
,
s+1
Re ( s) > -1
(1 - s)
1
1
, 0.5 < Re ( s) < 1
+
+
2
( s - 1) + 4 s + 1 s - 0.5
(D)
(B)
(1 - s)
1
1
, -1 < Re ( s) < 1
+
+
( s - 1) 2 + 4 s + 1 s - 0.5
(C)
( s - 1)
1
1
, 0.5 < Re ( s) < 1
+
+
( s - 1) 2 + 4 s + 1 s - 0.5
40. x( t) = e ( 3t + 6 ) u( t + 3)
Page
272
Re ( s) < - 1
(A)
( s - 1)
1
1
, -1 < Re ( s) < 1
+
+
( s - 1) 2 + 4 s + 1 s - 0.5
Re ( s) < 1
d -2 t
[ e u( -t)]
dt
1-s
,
s+1
(B)
(D)
Re ( s) > 0
(B)
Re ( s) < 0
1
,
(1 + s 2 )
(D)
e 3s
,
s-3
Re ( s) < 0
36. y( t) = d( t + 1)
(B)
(A)
Re ( s) > 0
-e -3s
,
s
44. X ( s) =
e 5s
with ROC: Re ( s) < -2
s+2
(A) e -2 ( t + 5) u( t + 5)
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
(A)
1 -t
e sin t u( t)
2
(D)
58.
(C) 2 e - t cos t u( t) +
is
(A) d( t) - ( e -2 t cos t + e -2 t sin t) u( t)
1 -t
e cos t u( t - 1) + 2 e - t sin t u( t - 1)
2
d 3 y( t)
d 2 y( t)
dy( t)
+
4
+3
= x( t)
3
2
dt
dt
dt
5
5
(A) + 5 e - t - 5 e -2 t + e -3t u( t)
3
3
equation
5
5
(B) - 5 e - t + 5 e -2 t + e -3t u( t)
3
3
5
5
u( t) - 5 u( t - 1) + 5 u( t - 2) + u( t - 3)
3
3
(D)
5
5
u( t) + 5 u( t - 1) - 5 u( t - 2) + u( t - 3)
3
3
dy( t)
+ 10 y( t) = 10 x( t)
dt
The impulse response of the system is
(B) 10 e -10 t u( t)
2 s2 + 2 s - 2
H ( s) =
s2 - 1
d 2 y( t) dy( t)
dx( t)
.
- 2 y( t) = -4 x( t) + 5
2
dt
dt
dt
(A) 3e - t u( t) + 2 e 2 t u( -t)
(B) 2d( t) - ( e + e ) u( t)
t
-t
(B) ( 3e - t + 2 e 2 t ) u( t)
(C) 3e - t u( t) - 2 e 2 t u( -t)
(D) 2d( t) + ( e- t + et ) u( t)
(D) ( 3e - t - 2 e 2 t ) u( -t)
s2 + 5 s - 9
( s + 1)( s 2 - 2 s + 10)
x( t) and output
1 -t
e sin t u( t)
2
(C)
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*******
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
SOLUTIONS
1. (B) X ( s) = x( t) e - st dt = e - st dt =
Chap 5.3
r ( t) = e -2 t u( t)
v( t) = e -2 t u( t - 1)
e -2 s
s
x( t) = q( t) * v( t)
1
s
3. (A) X ( s) = e -2 t e - st dt =
0
1
s+2
- 1 1 - e -2 ( 2 - s )
=
2-s
s -2
p( t) dt
1
P ( s)
p( t) dt +
s -
s
X ( s) =
5
( e j 5t - e - j 5t ) - st
e dt = 2
2
25
j
s
+
0
q( t) =
d
p( t)
dt
x( t) = tq( t)
6. (B) X ( s) = e - st dt =
1 - e -2 s
s
7. (B) p( t) = te - t u( t)
d
p( t)
dt
P ( s) =
1
( s + 1) 2
s
( s + 1) 2
X ( s) =
8. (A) p( t) = tu( t)
P ( s) =
1
s2
q( t) = cos 2 pt u( t)
Q( s) =
s
s + 4 p2
x( t) = p( t) * q( t)
X ( s) =
q( t) = - tp( t)
t n u( t)
X ( s) = P ( s)Q( s)
P ( s) =
Q( s) =
X ( s) =
1
s2
d
-2
P ( s) = 3
ds
s
d
6
Q( s) = 4
ds
s
n!
sn + 1
10. (D) p( t) = u( t)
q( t) = u( t - 1)
Q( s) =
X ( s) = -
P ( s) =
s+1
( s + 1) 2 + 1
s( s + 1)
( s + 1) 2 + 1
d
Q( s)
ds
-( s 2 + 4 s + 2)
( s 2 + 2 s + 2) 2
13. (B) X ( s) =
A=
s+3
A
B
=
+
( s + 3s + 2) s + 1 s + 2
2
s+3
s+3
= 2, B =
= -1
s + 2 s = -1
s + 1 s = -2
x( t) = [2 e - t - e -2 t ]u( t)
14. (A) X ( s) = 2 -
1
1
1
=2 +
( s + 2) ( s + 3)
( s + 2) ( s + 3)
x( t) = 2 d( t) + ( e-3t - e-3t ) u( t)
2s - 1
A
B
=
+
s 2 + 2 s + 1 ( s + 1) ( s + 1) 2
B = (2 s - 2) s = -1 = -3, A = 2
x( t) = x( t) = [2 e - t - 3te - t ]u( t)
16. (B) X ( s) =
5s + 4
A
B
C
=
+
+
2
s + 3s + 2 s s s + 1 s + 2
3
A = sX ( s) s = 0 = 2, B = ( s + 1) X ( s) s = -1 = 1,
C = ( s + 2) X ( s) s = -2 = -3
x( t) = [2 + e - t - 3e -2 t ]u( t)
15. (C) X ( s) =
9. (C) p( t) = tu( t)
X ( s) =
1
s( s + 4 p2 )
x( t) = - tq( t)
( s + 3)
s[( s + 3) 2 + 4 ]
s+3
( s + 3) 2 + 4
5. (C) X ( s) =
X ( s) = Q( s) V ( s)
2 (2 - s )
x( t) =
e- ( s + 2 )
s2
e
X ( s) =
s+2
4. (C) X ( s) = x( t) e - st dt = e 2 t u( -t + 2) e - st dt
e
V ( s) =
-2 ( s + 1 )
= e t ( 2 - s ) dt =
1
s+2
L
11. (B) p( t) = e -3t cos 2 t u( t)
P ( s) =
R( s) =
P ( s) =
Q( s) =
e- s
s2
1
s
17. (C) X ( s) =
=
s2 - 3
( s + 2)( s 2 + 2 s + 1)
A
B
C
+
+
( s + 2) ( s + 1) ( s + 1) 2
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275
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
A = ( s + 2) X ( s) s = -2 = 1, C = ( s + 1) 2 X ( s)
A + B =1
x( t) = [ e
-2 t
B =0
s
L
23. (C) P
ap( at)
a
1
1 -t
L
e sin 2 t u( t)
( s + 1) 2 + 4
2
= -2
s = -1
-t
- te ]u( t)
3s + 2
3( s + 1)
1
=
2
2
( s + 1) 2 + 32
s + 2 s + 10 ( s + 1) + 3
18. (A) X ( s) =
x( t) = 3e - t cos 3t - e - t sin 3t u( t)
3
Q( s) =
A = ( s + 2) X ( s) s = -2 = 2
C = -2
A = ( s + 2) X ( s) s = -2 = 1, A + B = 3
x( t) = [ e
-2 t
+ 2e
-3t
21. (D) X ( s) =
-3t
sin t ]u( t)
B=
R( s) = sQ( s)
e-2 t x( t)
X ( s)
s
p( t) =
x( t) dt
-
t
cos 2 t u( t) dt =
P ( s)
s
1
sin 3t u( t)
3
sin 2 t
1 - cos 2 t
dt =
u( t),
2
4
0
31. (A) p( t) =
q( t) = - p( t)
32. (A) e - t x ( t)
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d
x( t)
dt
y( t) = x( t) * p( t)
2 t
p( t) = x( t - 3)
= -t cos 2( t - 3) u( t - 3).
t2
sin 3t u( t)
3
2t
sin 3t u( t) + t 2 cos 3t u( t)
3
1
L
V ( s) =
v( t) = e -3t u( t)
s+3
= cos 2( t - 3) u( t - 3)
d
L
Q( s) =
P ( s)
ds
30. (A) x( t - 2)
d
q( t) - q(0 - )
dt
sin 2 t
2
q( t) = ( -1) 2 t 2 p( t) =
r ( t) =
Page
276
ax( at)
1
2
cos t u( t)
3
3
28. (B) P ( s) =
d2
P ( s)
ds 2
2 s 2 + 11s + 16 + e -2 s
( s2 + 5 s + 6)
A=
Q( s) =
dx( t)
+ x( t)
dt
C = -6
cos t - 6 e
1
s2 + 9
x( t) = q( t - 2)
y( t) = ( -2 sin 2 t + cos 2 t ) u( t)
27. (D) X ( s + 2)
B =2
A
B
e -2 s
e -2 s
=2 +
+
+
( s + 2) ( s + 3) ( s + 2) ( s + 3)
22. (C) P ( s) =
x( t) = - ( t - 2) e ( t - 2 ) u( t - 2)
X ( 3s)
A
B( s + 3)
C
=
+
+
( s + 2) ( s + 3) 2 + 1 ( s + 3) 2 + 1
q( t) = -tp( t) = -t 2 e - t u( t)
s
26. (B) X
a
3s 2 + 10 s + 10
20. (B) X ( s) =
( s + 2)( s 2 + 6 s + 10)
10 A + 6 B + 2 C = 10
d
P ( s)
ds
p( t) = te - t u( t)
25. (A) sX ( s) + X ( s)
B =2
5 A + 2 B + 2 C = 10
1
( s + 1) 2
X ( s) = e -2 sQ( s)
A
B( s + 1)
C
=
+
+
2
2
( s + 2) ( s + 1) + 2
( s + 1) 2 + 2 2
A + B=4
1 -0 .5t
e
sin t u( t)
4
x( t)
24. (C) P ( s) =
4 s 2 + 8 s + 10
( s + 2)( s 2 + 2 s + 5)
19. (C) X ( s) =
e -2 s X ( s), Y ( s) =
2 se -2 s
s2 + 2
P ( s) = sX ( s)
Y ( s) = P ( s) X ( s) = s( X ( s)) 2
X ( s + 1) =
2( s + 1)
( s + 1) 2 + 2
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
x( t) e
34. (A) X ( s) =
-2
- st
d
4 s2 - 8
X ( s) = 2
ds
( s + 2) 2
Chap 5.3
dt
e 2 s P ( s),
e 2 s e -2
,
( s - 1) 2 + 4
Re ( s) > 1
-2
-2
= e - t e - st dt = e - t ( s + 1 ) dt =
e2 ( s + 1 )
, Re( s) > - 1
s+1
-3s
-e
35. (B) X ( s) = u( -t + 3) e - st dt = e - st dt =
s
-
-
36. (C) Y ( s) =
d( t + 1) e
- st
dt = e s ,
( e - e ) - st
e dt
2j
0
37. (B) X ( s) =
X ( s) = e 5s P ( s)
1
1
1
,
e t ( j - s ) dt e - t ( j + s ) dt =
=
2 j 0
2 j 0
1 + s2
t
2
38. (D) X ( s) = e e - st + e - t e - st dt +
0
Re ( s) > 0
ee
t - st
dt
X ( s) = -
q( t) = p( t + 3)
X ( s) =
e 3( s -1 )
,
s-3
Re ( s) > 3
41. (B) p( t) * q( t)
d2
P ( s)
ds 2
1
R( s)
s
u( -( t + 5))
p( t) = e 3t u( t)
x( t) = t 2 e 3t u( t)
P ( s)Q( s)
p( t) = u( t)
r ( t) = -tq( t) = -tu( t - 3)
v( t) =
r( t) dt
e 3s
s-3
q( t) = p( t - 3) = u( t - 3)
v( t) = - tdt = -
X ( s) =
1
s
1
v( s)
s
1 2
( t - 9)
2
x( t) = -
1
2
( t - 9)
2 -
9
-1
x( t) = ( t 3 - 27) + ( t - 3) u( t - 3)
6
2
48. (B) X ( s) =
-s 1
X ( s) = 2
s + 9 s + 1
x( t) = p( t + 5)
1
P ( s) =
s-3
Q( s) = e 3s P ( s) =
V ( s) =
-2 ( t + 5)
Q( s) = e-3s P ( s)
d
R( s) =
Q( s)
ds
s -1
1
1
+
+
( s - 1) 2 + 4 ( s + 1) s - 0.5
3t
t
2
( e - e ) - st
e dt + e - t e- st dt + e e - st dt
2j
0
0
p( t) = -e -2 t u( -t)
x( t) = -u( -t) + u ( -t + 1) + d( t + 2)
- jt
jt
1-s
1+ s
39. (A) X ( s) =
x( t) = - e
X ( s) =
X ( s) = Q( s - 1) =
( s - 3)
1
1
1
+
s + 0.5 s + 1 s - 1
-1
, Re ( s) < - 2
s+2
Q( s) = sP ( s)
s+2
- jt
jt
x( t) = e t q( t)
P ( s) =
All s
d
p( t)
dt
-s - 4
-3
2
=
+
s 2 + 3s + 2 ( s + 1) s + 2
5
1
( s + 1) ( s + 1) 2
x( t) = -5 u( -t) + te - t u( -t)
Page
277
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
h( t) = (2 e - t - 3te - t ) u( t).
s
=0
s + 5s - 2
2
61. (A) H ( s) =
s2 + 2 s
51. (A) x(0 + ) = lim sX ( s) = 2
=1
s
s + 2s - 3
52. (D) x(0 + ) = lim sX ( s) =
s
-2 s
(6s + s )
=0
s2 + 2 s - 2
3
s 0
62. (A) X ( s) =
2 s3 + 3s
=0
s2 + 5 s + 1
H ( s) =
=1 -
1
,
s+1
Y ( s) =
( s + 2)
( s + 2) 2 + 1
Y ( s) ( s + 1)( s + 2)
=
X ( s) ( s + 2) 2 + 1
( s + 2)
1
( s + 2) 2 + 1 ( s + 2) 2 + 1
e -3s (2 s2 + 1) 1
=
s2 + 5 s + 4 4
63. (B) sY ( s) + 10 Y ( s) = 10 X ( s)
H ( s) =
1
y(0 ) = 1, X ( s) =
s
10
1
1
Y ( s) =
+
=
s( s + 1) ( s + 1) s
-
-1
2( s - 1)
3
+
+
( s + 1) ( s - 1) 2 + 32 ( s - 1) 2 + 32
System is stable
s+2
54. (C) x( ) = lim sX ( s) = 2
=2
s 0
s + 3s + 1
55. (B) x( ) = lim sX ( s) =
Y ( s)
10
=
X ( s) s + 10
h( t) = 10 e-10 t u( t)
y( t) = u( t)
Y ( s)
5s - 4
3
2
=
=
+
X ( s) s 2 - s - 2 s + 1 s - 2
h( t) = 3e - t u( t) + 2 e 2 t u( t).
57. (C) s Y ( s) - 2 s + 2 sY ( s) - 2 + 5 Y ( s) = 1
2
( s 2 + 2 s + 5) Y ( s) = 3 + 2 s
2s + 3
2( s + 1)
1
Y ( s) = 2
=
+
s + 2 s + 5 ( s + 1) 2 + 2 2 ( s + 1) 2 + 2 2
y( t) = 2 e - t cos t u( t) +
1 -t
e sin t u( t)
2
***********
10
( s + 2)
10
A
B
C
D
=
+
+
+
s( s + 1)( s + 2)( s + 3) s ( s + 1) ( s + 2) s + 3
5
A = sY ( s) s = 0 = , B = ( s + 1) Y ( s) s = -1 = -5,
3
C = ( s + 2) Y ( s) s = -2 = 5, D = ( s + 3) Y ( s) s = 0 =
5
5
y( t) = - 5 e - t + 5 e -2 t + e -3t u( t)
3
3
h( t) = 0
for t < 0
1
1
+
s + 1 s -1
h( t) = 2d( t) + ( e- t + e t ) u( t)
60. (D) H ( s) =
Page
278
5
3
2
3
, System is stable
s + 1 ( s + 1) 2
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
5.4
THE Z-TRANSFORM
Statement forQ.1-12:
Determine the z-transform and choose correct
option.
1. x[ n] = d[ n - k] , k > 0
k
(A) z ,
k
(C) z ,
z >0
z 0
(C)
(B) z
-k
z >0
(D) z
-k
z 0
(A) z - k , z 0
(B) z k , z 0
(C) z - k , all z
(D) z k , all z
(C)
z
, |z|< 1
1 - z -1
(B)
(D)
1
, |z|< 1
1 - z -1
z
, |z|> 1
1 - z -1
(A)
z - 0.25
, z > 0.25
z 4 ( z - 0.25)
(B)
z - 0.25
, z >0
z 4 ( z - 0.25)
(C)
z 5 - 0.25 5
, z < 0.25
z 3( z - 0.25)
(D)
z 5 - 0.25 5
, all z
z 4 ( z - 0.25)
(B)
-5 z
2
3
,
<|z|<
(2 z - 3)( 3z - 2)
3
2
(C)
5z
2
2
,
<|z |<
(2 z - 3) ( 3z - 2)
3
3
(D)
5z
3
2
, - <z <(2 z - 3)( 3z - 2)
2
3
(A)
4z
1
, |z|>
4z - 1
4
(B)
4z
1
, |z|<
4z - 1
4
(C)
1
1
, |z|>
1 - 4z
4
(D)
1
1
, |z|<
1 - 4z
4
1
1
8. x[ n] = u[ n] + u[ -n - 1]
2
4
(A)
(B)
1
5. x[ n] = u[ -n]
4
3
, |z|< 3
3-z
-5 z
3
2
, - <z <(2 z - 3)( 3z - 2)
2
3
(D)
(A)
z
, |z|< 3
3-z
|n|
1
4. x[ n] = ( u[ n] - u[ n - 5 ])
4
5
3
, |z|> 3
3-z
(B)
2
7. x[ n] =
3
2. x[ n] = d[ n + k] , k > 0
3. x[ n] = u[ n]
1
(A)
, |z|> 1
1 - z -1
6. x[ n] = 3n u[ -n - 1]
z
(A)
, |z|> 3
3-z
(C)
1
1
,
1 -1
1 -1
1- z
1- z
2
4
1
1
<|z|<
4
2
1
1
+
,
1 -1
1 -1
1- z
1- z
4
2
1
1
<|z|<
4
2
1
1
1
, |z|>
1 -1
1 -1
2
1- z
1- z
2
4
Page
279
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
33. X ( z) =
1
1
, |z|<
-2
1 - 4z
4
1
x1 [ n] = 2 n - u[ n]
2
(A) - 2 2 ( k + 1 ) d[ -n - 2( k + 1)]
k=0
(B) - 2 2 ( k + 1 ) d[ -n + 2( k + 1)]
x2 [ n] = -2 n u[ -n - 1] +
1
u[ -n - 1]
2n
x3[ n] = - 2 n u[ -n - 1] -
1
u[ n]
2n
k=0
(C) - 2 2 ( k + 1 ) d[ n + 2( k + 1)]
k=0
(D) - 2 2 ( k + 1 ) d[ n - 2( k + 1)]
k=0
34. X ( z) = ln (1 + z -1 ) , |z|> 0
( -1)
(A)
k
k -1
Im
( -1)
(B)
k
d[ n - 1]
( -1) k
(C)
d[ n - 1]
k
k -1
R1
z - plane
d[ n + 1]
R2
R3 2
( -1) k
(D)
d[ n + 1]
k
Re
1
2
Fig. P5.4.37
R1
R2
R3
(A)
x1 [ n]
x2 [ n ]
x3[ n]
(B)
x2 [ n ]
x3[ n]
x1 [ n]
(C)
x1 [ n]
x3[ n]
x2 [ n ]
(D)
x3[ n]
x2 [ n ]
x1 [ n]
1
24
(B)
(C) -
1
6
(D)
1
24
1
6
38. Given
7 -1
z
6
X ( z) =
1 -1
1 -1
1 - z 1 + z
2
3
Im
1+
z - plane
1
3
Re
2
solution of signal x[ n] :
(a) |z|>
1
x1 [ n] = 2 n - u[ n]
3
n
1
1
-1
, x[ n] = n -1 -
u[ n]
2
3
2
(b) |z|<
-1 -1
1
, x[ n] = n -1 +
3
3
2
1
u[ n]
3n
1
x3[ n] = - 2 n u[ n - 1] + n u[ -n - 1]
3
Correct solution is
x2 [ n] = - 2 n u[ n - 1] -
Page
282
u[ -n + 1]
(c)
1
1
1
-1
<|z |< , x[ n] = - n -1 u[ -n - 1] -
u[ n]
3
2
2
3
(A) x1 [ n]
(B) x2 [ n]
(C) x3[ n]
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
The z-Transform
x [1] = 1
Chap 5.4
H ( z) =
time signal x[ n] is
(A)
1
u[ n] - ( -1) n u[ -n - 1]
2 n -1
1
(B) n u[ n] - ( -1) n u[ -n - 1]
2
(C)
(D)
1
2 n -1
(B) ( 3n + 1 + 2 ( -2) n ) u[ n]
(C) ( 3n -1 + ( -1) n 2 n + 1 ) u[ n]
u[ n] + u[ -n + 1]
(D) ( 3n -1 - ( -2) n + 1 ) u[ n]
1
u[ n] + u[ -n + 1]
2n
u[ n]
(B) n -1
2
u[ -n]
2n +1
as
3 -1
z
2
(1 - 2 z -1 ) (1 +
1
1
d[ n - 1] - d[ n - 2 ] and output
4
8
y[ n] = d[ n] -
3
d[ n - 1] .
4
(A)
n
n
1 -1
1
5
2
u[ n]
3 2
4
(B)
1 1
-1
5 + 2
3 2
4
(C)
1
3
(D)
1 1
1
5 + 2
3 2
4
2-
x[ n] = d[ n] +
u[ -n]
2n +1
(D)
H ( z) =
1 -1
z )
2
1
(A) 2 n u[ -n + 1] - u[ n]
2
u[ n]
u[ n]
-1
(B) 2 n u[ -n - 1] +
u[ n]
2
output
n
1
y[ n] = 4(2) n - u[ n].
2
-1
(C) -2 n u[ -n - 1] +
u[ n]
2
1
(D) 2 n u[ n] - u[ n]
2
Let
n
1 n
-1
5
2
u[ n]
4
2
n
42.
5z2
z2 - z - 6
x[ n] = d[ n - 2 ] + d[ n + 2 ].
The
unilateral
z-transform is
(A) z -2
(B) z 2
(C) -2 z -2
(D) 2 z 2
n
1 n
1
(A) 7 - 10 u[ n]
2
2
1
(B) 7(2 n ) - 10 u[ n]
2
1 2
(C) 10 - 7(2) n u[ n]
2
1
(D) 10 (2 n ) - 7 u[ n]
2
(B)
1
1-z
(C) 1 + z -1 + z -2 + z -3 + z -4
(D)
1
1 - z -1
1
u[ n]
2n
(B) 2 d[ n + 4 ] - d[ n + 5 ]
(C) 2 d[ -n + 4 ] - d[ -n + 5 ]
(D) 2 d[ n - 4 ] - d[ n - 5 ]
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283
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
1
2
n -2
1
y[ n - 1] = 2 x[ n - 1]
2
X ( z) =
u[ n - 2 ]
(D)
(A) -
-1
u[ n - 2 ]
2n -2
(B)
49. A system is described by the difference equation
(C)
y[ n] = x[ n] - x[ n - 2 ] + x[ n - 4 ] - x[ n - 6 ]
3n -1 8
1
3n -1 8
1
3n -1 8
(A) d[ n] - 2 d[ n + 2 ] + 4 d[ n + 4 ] - 6 d[ n + 6 ]
(B) d[ n] + 2 d[ n - 2 ] - 4 d[ n - 4 ] + 6 d[ n - 6 ]
u[ n] -
3n + 3
u[ -n - 1]
8
u[ n] -
3n + 3
u[ -n]
8
1
n -1
3n + 3
u[ -n - 1]
8
u[ n] -
u[ n] -
3n + 3
u[ -n]
8
(C) d[ n] - d[ n - 2 ] + d[ n - 4 ] - d[ n - 6 ]
(D) d[ n] - d[ n + 2 ] + d[ n + 4 ] - d[ n + 6 ]
H ( z) =
3
u[ n - 1].
4n
4 z -1
1 -1
1 - z
4
, |z|>
1
4
The h[ n] is
(A) Stable
(B) Causal
(B) 4 y[ n] - y[ n + 1] = 3 x[ n + 1]
2 z +
2
.
H ( z) =
1
1
z - z -
2
3
(C) 4 y[ n] + y[ n - 1] = - 3 x[ n - 1]
(D) 4 y[ n] + y[ n + 1] = 3 x[ n + 1]
h[ n] = d[ n] - d[ n - 5 ]
The difference equation representation for this
system is
(A) y[ n] = x[ n] - x[ n - 5 ]
(B) y[ n] = x[ n] - x[ n + 5 ]
(C) y[ n] = x[ n] + 5 x[ n - 5 ]
(D) y[ n] = x[ n] - 5 x[ n + 5 ]
z( 3z - 2)
1
z2 - z 4
-1
-1
h[ n] = 10
u[ n] - 9
u[ n]
2
4
The system is
Page
284
3
10 -1
1z + z -2
3
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The z-Transform
Chap 5.4
P5.4.62 is
X(z)
Y(z)
z-1
z-1
z-1
y[ n] = cy[ n - 1] - 0.12 y[ n - 2 ] + x[ n - 1] + x[ n - 2 ]
Fig. P5.4.62
is stable if
(A) c < 112
.
- 2
(A) 2 2
(B)
y2 [ n] = x[ n] - 0.1 x[ n - 1]
(C) 2 2
(D)
(D) all
1
d[ n]
2
2n
1
[1 + ( -1) n ] u [ n] - d [ n]
2
2
H ( z) =
z
z2 + z + 1
(1 + ( -1) n ) u[ n] -
1
d[ n]
2
2n
1
(1 + ( -1) n ) u[ n] + d[ n]
2
2
n
- 2
(1 + ( -1) n ) u[ n] +
. z -1
2 - 15
-1
. z + 0.5 z -2
1 - 15
Y(z)
The x[0 ] is
z-1
z-1
(A) -15
.
(B) 2
(C) 1.5
(D) 0
Fig. P5.4.63
12 - 21z
3 - 7 z + 12 z 2
(B) 0
(C) 4
*****************
z( 8 z - 7)
4z2 - 7z + 3
The limit of x[ ] is
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C)
(D) 0
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285
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
The z-Transform
z 2 - 3z
1 - 3z -1
=
3
3
z 2 + z -1 1 + z -1 - z -2
2
2
2
1
1
, ROC : <|z|< 2
=
1 + 2 z -1 1 - 1 z -1
2
2
1
x[ n] = -2(2) n u[ -n - 1] - n u[ n]
2
Chap 5.4
1 2
, n even and n 0
= 4
n odd
0 ,
n
24. (A) X ( z) =
2-n ,
=
0,
n even and n 0
n odd
k=0
k=0
33. (C) X ( z) = -4 z 2 (2 z) 2 k = - 2 2 ( k + 1 ) z 2 ( k + 1 )
x[ n] = - 2 2 ( k + 1 ) d[ n + 2 ( k + 1)]
k=0
34. (A) ln (1 + a) =
( -1) k -1
( a) k
k
k =1
( -1) k -1
( z -1 ) k
k
k =1
X ( z) =
( -1) k -1
d[ n - 1]
k
k =1
x [ n] =
1
-1 2
X ( z) = 2 +
+
z
-1
1+ z
1 - z -1
x[ n] = 2 d[ n + 2 ] + (( -1) n - 1) u[ n + 2 ]
( -1) k 2 k
a
k = 0 (2 k) !
27. (A) d[ n] + 2 d[ n - 6 ] + 4 d[ n - 8 ]
( -1) k -3k 2 k
(z )
k = 0 (2 k) !
X ( z) =
10
k d[ n - k]
k=5
x [ n] =
( -1) k
(2 k) ! d [ n - 6 k]
k=0
n = 12
-1
+ 3z
-2
+z
x[ n] = d[ n] + 3d[ n - 1] + 3d[ n - 2 ] + d[ n - 3]
12 - 6 k = 0, k = 2,
30. (A)
x[ n] = d[ n + 6 ] + d[ n + 2 ] + 3d[ n] + 2 d [ n - 3] + d[ n - 4 ]
31. (B) X ( z) = 1 + z +
z2 z3
+
+ .........
2 ! 3!
1
1
1
.........
+1 + +
+
2
z 2!z
3! z3
d[ n + 2 ] d[ n + 3]
x[ n] = d[ n] + d[ n + 1] +
+
......
2!
3!
d[ n - 2 ] d[ n - 3]
+d[ n] + d[ n - 1] +
+
.........
2!
3!
1
x [ n] = d [ n] +
n!
32. (A) X ( z) = 1 +
( -1) 2
1
x[12 ] =
=
4!
24
-3
-2
-2
z
z
+
4
4
1
x [ n] = d[ n - 2 k]
k=0 4
= z -2
k=0 4
1
gives z1 > 2
2
x2 [ n] is left-sided signal
1
1
z 2 < 2, z 2 < gives z 2 <
2
2
x3[ n] is double sided signal
1
1
z 3 > and z 3 < 2 gives
< z3 < 2
2
2
38. (B) X ( z) =
2
-1
,
+
1 -1
1
1- z
1 + z -1
2
z
n
2
-1
u[ n] -
u[ n]
2n
3
|z|>
1
(Right-sided)
2
x[ n] =
|z|<
1
(Left-sided)
3
-2 -1 n
x[ n] = n +
u[ -n - 1]
3
2
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287
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
1
1
2
-1
<|z|< (Two-sided) x[ n] = - n u[ -n - 1] -
u[ n]
3
2
2
3
So (b) is wrong.
3
39. (A) Since the ROC includes the z = , ROC is
4
1
<|z|< 1,
2
A
B
X ( z) =
+
1 -1 1 + z -1
1- z
2
A
x[ n] = n u[ n] B ( -1) n u[ -n - 1]
2
A
1=
A =2 ,
2
-2
5
Y ( z)
3
3
,
H ( z) =
=
+
X ( z ) 1 - 1 z -1 1 + 1 z -1
4
2
h[ n] =
n
n
1 -1
1
5
2
u[ n]
3 2
4
Y ( z) =
H ( z) =
4
1
3
=
-1
1
1
1 - 2z
1 - z -1
(1 - 2 z -1 ) 1 - z -1
2
2
10
Y ( z)
-7
=
+
X ( z ) 1 - 2 z -1 1 - 1 z -1
2
47. (D) H ( z) =
x[2 ] =
1
= 2 p2
2
p=
X ( z) =
41. (B) H ( z) =
1
1
+
-1
1
1 - 2z
1 + z -1
2
-1
h[ n] = (2) u[ -n - 1] +
u [ n]
2
-n
Y ( z)
= 2 z -4 - z -5
H ( z)
x[ n] = 2[ d - 4 ] - d[ n - 5 ]
H ( z) =
x[ n]z
= d[ n - 2 ]z - n = z -2
Y ( z)
2 z -1
=
z -1
X ( z)
12
1
h[ n] = 2
2
49. (C) H ( z) =
n =0
43. (D) X ( z) =
x[ n]z
n =0
-n
n =0
-n
1
=
1 - z -1
3
2
44. (B) H ( z) =
+
-1
1 - 3z
1 + 2 z -1
h[ n] is causal so ROC is |z|> 3,
h[ n] = [ 3n + 1 + 2 ( -2) n ]u[ n]
45. (A) X ( z) = 1 +
1
, Y ( z ) = 2 z -4
1 -1
1- z
2
z -1
-1
48. (A) Y ( z) 1 = 2 z X ( z)
2
42. (A) X + ( z) =
1
h[ n] = 10(2) n - 7 u( n)
2
1
,
2
1
x[ n] = 2 u( n)
2
Page
288
1
1 + 3z -1
46. (D) X ( z) =
z -1 z -2
3z -1
, Y ( z) = 1 4
8
4
n -1
u[ n - 1]
Y ( z)
= (1 - z -2 + z -4 - z -6 )
X ( z)
h[ n] = d[ n] - d[ n - 2 ] + d[ n - 4 ] - d[ n - 6 ]
50. (A) h[ n] =
31
44
n -1
u[ n - 1]
3 -1
z
Y ( z)
4
H ( z) =
=
X ( z ) 1 - 1 z -1
4
1
3
Y ( z ) - z -1 Y ( z) = z -1 X ( z)
4
4
1
3
y[ n] - y[ n - 1] = x[ n - 1]
4
4
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The z-Transform
51. (A) H ( z) =
Y ( z)
= 1 - z -5
X ( z)
y[ n] = x[ n] - x[ n - 5 ]
Chap 5.4
1 2
2
, poles at z =
2
3
(i) Not all poles are inside |z|= 1, the system is not
causal and stable.
3
61. (A) The function has poles at z = 1, . Thus final
4
(ii) Not are poles and zero are inside |z|= 1, the system
7
)
4
=1
lim x( n) = lim( z - 1) X ( z) = ( z - 1)
n
z 1
3
( z - 1) z -
4
z(2 z -
3
27
8
8
53. (A) X ( z) =
+
1 -1 1 - 3z -1
1- z
3
-
H ( z) =
3n + 3
x[ n] = - n -1 u[ n] u[ -n - 1]
3 8
8
1
=-
z -2
1 - 2 z -2
1
1
1
4
4
h[ n] = - +
+
2 1 - 2 z -1 1 + 2 z -1
1
1
d[ n] + {( 2 ) n + ( - 2 ) n } u[ n]
2
4
1
54. (C) h[ n] = 16 n u[ n]. So system is both stable and
4
63. (D) Y ( z) = X ( z) z -1 - { Y ( z) z -1 + Y ( z) z -2 }
Y ( z)
z -1
z
=
= 2
-1
-2
X ( z) 1 + z + z
z + z +1
1 1
,
2 3
1
Pole of inverse system at : z = 2
For this system and inverse system all poles are inside
***********
10
9
1 -1
1
1+ z
1 + z -1
4
2
1 - 2 z -1
1 -1
1 -1
1 + z 1 + z
2
4
0.4 - 0.3z -1
1 - 0.5 z -1
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
5.6
THE DISCRETE-TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM
-n
1,
1. x[ n] =
0,
sin 5W
(A)
sin W
(C)
otherwise
(B)
sin 2.5W
sin W
sin 4W
sin W
(C)
3
4
e - jW
(B)
1 - 43 e - jW
3
4
e - jW
1+
3
4
3
4
e jW
(B)
2 e jW
2 - e - jW
(C)
e jW
2 - e jW
(D)
2 e jW
2 - e jW
(A) 2 e - j 2 W
(B) 2 e j 2 W
(C) 1
(A) pd(W) -
1
1 + e - jW
(B)
1
1 - e - jW
(C) pd(W) +
1
1 - e - jW
(D)
1
1 + e - jW
1 - 43 e jW
e jW
8. x[ n] = {-2, - 1,
3. x[ n] = u[ n - 2 ] - u[ n - 6 ]
(A) e 3 jW + e 3 jW + e 4 jW + e 5 jW
(C) e -2 jW + e -3 jW + e -4 jW + e -5 jW
(B)
(D)
e -2 jW(1 - e 3 jW)
1 - e jW
e
-2 jW
-3 jW
(1 - e
1 - e - jW
0, 1, 2}
p
9. x[ n] = sin n
2
4. x[ n] = a|n| , |a|< 1
(A)
1-a
1 - 2 a sin W + a 2
(B)
(C)
1 - a2
1 - 2 ja sin W + a 2
Page
300
e jW
2 - e - jW
7. x[ n] = u[ n]
(A)
6. x[ n] = 2 d[ 4 - 2 n]
3
2. x[ n] = u[ n - 4 ]
4
(A)
1
5. x[ n] = u[ -n - 1]
2
1-a
1 - 2 a cos W + a 2
2
(B)
j
( d[W + p 2 ] - d[W - p 2 ])
2
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the
signal
having
the
Fourier
(C) d[ n + 4 ] - d[ n - 4 ] - d[ n]
1
, |a|< 1
(1 - ae - jW) 2
(A) ( n - 1) a n u[ n]
(B) ( n + 1) a n u[ n]
(C) na u[ n]
(A) (d[ n + 2 ] + 2 d[ n] + d[ n - 2 ])
(C) -4(d[ n + 2 ] + d[ n] + d[ n - 2 ])
(d[ n + 2 ] + d[ n] + d[ n - 2 ])
(C)
2 j, 0 <W p
12. X ( e jW) =
- 2 j, - p < W 0
4
pn
(A) sin 2
pn
2
(C)
2-n
5
2
+ e - jW + 6
n +1
1 + -2 u[ n]
n +1
u[ n]
n +1
( -1) n + 2 u[ n]
pn
2
8
pn
sin 2
pn
2
5
2-n
-e
- j2 W
-2
(B) 2 - n 1 -
(B) 2(d[ n + 2 ] + 2 d[ n] + d[ n - 2 ])
1
2
17. X ( e jW) =
(A)
(D)
Chap 5.6
(D) -
18. X ( e jW) =
2+
- 18 e - j 2 W
e - jW
+ 14 e - jW + 1
1
4
8
pn
sin 2
pn
2
1,
jW
13. X ( e ) =
0,
(A)
(B)
3p
p
|W|<
4
4
p 3p
0 |W|< ,
|W| p
4
4
2
3pn
pn
sin
- sin
n
4
4
1
3pn
pn
sin
- sin
pn
4
4
2
3pn
pn
(C) cos
+ cos
n
4
4
(D)
20. X ( e jW) =
1
3pn
pn
cos
+ cos
pn
4
4
14. X ( e jW) = e
2
(A)
9
jW
2
for
-p W p
(A) pd[ n - 1 2 ]
(C)
2 e - jW
1 - 14 e - j 2 W
( -1) n + 1
p(n - 12 )
(B) 2pd[ n - 1 2 ]
(D) None of the above
1 - 13 e - jW
1 - 14 e - jW - 18 e -2 jW
7 1
1
+ -
2
9 4
u[ n]
2 1 n 7 1 n
(B) - + u[ n]
9 2
9 4
2 1 n 7 1 n
(C) - - u[ n]
9 2
9 4
(B) d[ n + 2 ]
(C) 0
2
(D)
9
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7 1
1
- -
2
9 4
u[ n]
Page
301
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
1
1
x[ n] = - u[ n] + u[ n] = 2 - n [( -1) n + 2 - n ]u[ n]
2
27. (D) X ( e j 0 ) =
n = -
jW
28. (A) X ( e j 0 ) =
1
1
x[ n] = 2 u[ n] - 2 - u[ n]
2
2
1
= n -1 [1 - ( -1) n ]u[ n] = 21 - n [1 - ( -1) n ]u[ n]
2
n = -
29. (A) y[ n] = x[ n + 2 ]
Y ( e ) is real and even.
Y ( e jW) = e j 2 W X ( e jW)
X (e
jW
) dW = 2 px[0 ] = 4 p
-p
( -1)
21
7 1
x[ n] = u[ n] + - u[ n]
9 2
9 4
e j2 W
X ( e jW) = e - j 2 WY ( e jW),
jW
1 - jW
1- e
jW
3
20. (A) X ( e ) =
1
1
1 - e - jW - e -2 jW
4
8
2
7
9
9
=
+
1 - jW
1 - jW
1- e
1+ e
2
4
n
x[ n] = 6
x[ n] = 2
n = -
DTFT
32. (C) Ev{x[ n]}
Re{X ( e jW)}
( b - a) e jW
- ( a + b) e jW + ab
Ev{x[ n] =
- jW
( b - a) e
1
-1
=
+
1 - ( a + b) e - jW + abe- j 2 W 1 - be - jW 1 - ae - jW
( x[ n] + x[ -n])
2
1
1
1
1
, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, , 0, -
= - , 0,
2
2
2
2
x[ n] = bn u[ n] + a n u[ -n - 1] .
22. (D) The signal must be read and odd. Only signal ( h)
33. (D)
23. (A) The signal must be real and even. Only signal (c)
and (e) are real and even.
24. (A) Y ( e jW) = e jaW X ( e jW),
y[ n] = x[ n + a ]
X (e
n = -
DTFT
) dW = 2 px[0 ] ,
3
y[ n] = x[ n - 4 ] = ( n - 4)
4
imaginary. Thus y[ n] = 0.
X ( e j 2 W)
DTFT
x[ n] , n even
x 2 [ n] =
otherwise
0,
|n|
2 3
jn
, n even
y[ n] =
4
0 ,
otherwise
Page
306
d X ( e jW)
dW
-p
= 2 p | x[ n]| = 28 p
2
dX ( e jW)
|n|2 x[ n] = 316 p
- p dW = 2 pn
= -
25. (D)
jW
jW
jW
-p
| X ( e )|
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3
4
jpn 2
x[ n] ,
44. (A) For x[ n] = d[ n], X ( e jW) = 1,
2|n|
h[ n] =
d
X ( e jW)
dW
=
|n|
3
y[ n] = - jnx[ n] = - jn2
4
3=
dW =
| x[ n]|
n = -
x[0 ] = 1,
| x[ n]|
= ( x [0 ]) + 2
But
x[0 ] = 0,
Hence
n =0
-p
1
h2 [ n] = u[ n]
3
DTFT
1
2 - jW
1- e
3
d
j
dW
1 - 2 e - jW
2 - jW
= 3
1 - 2 e - jW
2 - jW
e
Y ( e jW )
3
47. (B) H ( e ) =
=
X ( e jW) 1 - 2 e - jW
3
2
2
1 - e - jW Y ( e jW) = e- jW X ( e jW)
3
3
jW
x[0 ] = 1
1
1
1 - jW 4
1- e
4
DTFT
1 - jW
n
e
d
1
1
DTFT
4
=
n u[ n] j
2
dW 1 - 1 e - jW
2
1 - 1 e - jW
4
4
e jWn dW
1
42. (C) u[ n]
4
- jW
2 - jW
e
2 e - jW
H( e ) = 3
=
- jW
2
1 - e - jW 3 - 2 e
3
x[ n] = d[ n] + d[ n + 1] - d[ n + 2 ]
n 2
jW
n =-
-1
DTFT
2
n u[ n]
3
1
2p
Y ( e jW)
,
X ( e jW)
| X ( e )|
1
,
1 - jW
1- e
3
2
u[ n]
3
-p
1
2p
) e jWn dW =
1
sin p( n - 1)
e jW ( n -1 ) dW =
2 p -p
p( n - 1)
H 2 ( e jW) =
jW
jIm{X ( e jW)}
DTFT
Y (e
-12 + 5 e - jW
1
-2
=
+
1 - jW
1
12 - 7 e - jW + e - j 2 W
1- e
1 - e - jW
3
4
y[ n] = x[ n] + x[ -n] = 0
od{x[ n]}
1
2p
dX ( e jW)
=0
dW
Chap 5.6
x[ n] = X ( e
j0
)=
n = -
y[ n] -
3 y[ n] - 2 y[ n - 1] = 2 x[ n - 1] .
4
9
2
2
y[ n - 1] = x[ n - 1]
3
3
*********
- jW
b+ e
, b + e - jW = 1 - a e - jW
1 - ae- jW
| |
1 + b2 + 2 b cos W = 1 + a 2 - 2 a cos W
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307
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
5.7
THE CONTINUOUS-TIME FOURIER SERIES
x(t)
Fig. P5.7.3
10
-5
10
(C) - j
Fig. P5.7.1
(A) 1
p
(B) cos k
2
p
(C) sin k
2
(D) 2
A - j
e
2 pk
4 pk
(B) j
- 1
(D)
A - j
e
2 pk
4 pk
- A - j
e
2 pk
4 pk
- 1
- 1
Fig. P5.7.4
x(t)
A
-T
T
4
T
2
A
(A)
(1 - ( - 1 ) k )
kp
A
(C)
(1 - ( - 1 ) k )
jkp
A
(1 + ( - 1 ) k )
kp
A
(D)
(1 + ( - 1 ) k )
jkp
(B)
5. x( t) = sin 2 t
Fig. P5.7.2
(A)
A
p
sin k
jpk
2
(B)
A
p
cos k
jpk
2
(A) -
1
1
1
d[ k - 1] + d[ k] - d[ k + 1]
4
2
4
(C)
A
p
sin k
pk
2
(D)
A
p
cos k
pk
2
(B) -
1
1
1
d [ k - 2 ] + d[ k] - d[ k + 2 ]
4
2
4
(C) -
1
1
d[ k - 1] + d[ k] - d[ k + 1]
2
2
(D) -
1
1
d[ k - 2 ] + d[ k] - d[ k + 2 ]
2
2
Page
308
4p
2p
4 pk
A - j 3
(A)
- 1
e
2 pk
x(t)
-10
-4p
3
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
(A)
sin 9pt
sin pt
(B)
(C)
sin 18 pt
2 sin pt
Chap 5.7
sin 9pt
p sin pt
|k|
-1
8. X [ k] =
, wo = 1
3
4
(A)
5 + 3 sin t
5
(B)
4 + 3 sin t
5
(C)
4 + 3 cos t
4
(D)
5 + 3 cos t
1
k
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
Fig. P5.7.11
1
k
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
{X [k]}
p
4
-p
4
with
coefficients
(C) e
-1
Determine
the
Fourier
series
- to
X [ k] + e to X [ -k]
2p
(B) 2 sin
kto X [ k]
T
(D) e
- to
X [ -k] + e to X [ k]
(A)
X [ k] + X [ - k]
2
(B)
X [ k] - X [ - k]
2
(C)
X [ k] + X *[ - k]
2
(D)
X [ k] + X *[ - k]
2
{X [k]}
8p
6p
4p
2p
-2p
-4p
-6p
-8p
series
k
-2
Fourier
2p
(A) 2 cos
kto X [ k]
T
1
-3
and
12. y( t) = x( t - to ) + x ( t - to )
|{X [k]}|
-4
-5
X [ k].
period
Fig. P5.7.9
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
-6
fundamental
(A)
X [ k] + X [ - k]
2
(B)
X [ k] - X [ - k]
2
(C)
X [ k] + X *[ - k]
2
(D)
X [ k] + X *[ - k]
2
Fig. P5.7.10
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309
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
d 2 x( t)
dt 2
15. y( t) =
2 pk
(A)
X [ k]
T
2
2 pk
(C) j
X [ k]
T
2 pk
(B) -
X [ k]
T
2 pk
(D) - j
X [ k]
T
that
x2 ( t) = x1 ( t - 1) + x1 (1 - t)
8 p
- jk
T
(A) w2 =
4p
(B)
X [ k]
T
X [ k]
(D) e
8 p
jk
T
w1
2
(B) w2 = w12
(C) w2 = w1
X [ k]
(D) w2 = w1
(A) X[ -4 ], X[ 4 ], X[ -7 ], X[7 ]
2p
100
1 - jk t
x1 ( t) = e 50
k=0 3
x2 ( t) =
100
cos kp e
- jk
2p
t
50
k = -100
x3( t) =
100
k = -100
2p
kp - jk 50 t
j sin
e
2
p
3p
(B) 4 cos t - 4 j cos t
4
4
(D) x1 ( t) only
p
p
3p
(C) 8 cos t + 8 cos t +
2
4
4
TY [ k]
,k0
j2 pk
(B)
TY [ k]
j2pk
(C)
TY [ k]
,k0
jk
(D)
TY [ k]
jk
(B) X [0 ], X [ -2 ], X [2 ], X [ -5 ], X [5 ]
(C) X [0 ], X [ -4 ], X [ 4 ], X [ -10 ], X [10 ]
(D) None of the above
Page
310
y( t) = dx( t) dt . The
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
about a signal x( t) :
1. x( t) is real and odd.
p
p
(B) 2 cos t + 4 sin t
4
4
2. x( t) is periodic with T = 2
3. Fourier coefficients X [ k] = 0 for |k|> 1
p
p
(C) 2 cos t + 2 sin t
4
4
4.
Chap 5.7
2
1
x( t) dt = 1
20
(B)
frequency response is
(A)
1
2
( d[ k + 1] + d[ k - 1])
(B)
1
2
( d[ k + 1] - d[ k - 1])
(C)
1
2
( d[ k - 1] - d[ k + 1])
H ( jw) =
h( t) e
- jwt
dt =
sin 4 w
w
pt
(B) 1 + cos
4
pt
pt
(C) 1 + sin + cos
4
4
(D) 0
(A)
j
2
( d[ k + 1] + d[ k + 1])
(B)
j
2
( d[ k + 1] - d[ k - 1])
(C)
j
2
( d[ k - 1] - d[ k + 1])
(D)
1
2j
( d[ k + 1] + d[ k + 1])
(A)
1
4j
( d[ k - 2 ] - d[ k + 2 ])
(B)
1
2j
( d[ k - 2 ] - d[ k + 2 ])
(C)
1
2j
d[ k + 2 ] - d[ k - 2 ])
X [ k] = 1 |k|
j 2 ,
S
coefficients X [ k], it is found that x( t)
y( t) = x( t).
(B) 80
(C) 7
(D) 12
28.
continuous-time
periodic
otherwise
has
k =0
1. x( t) is real.
2. x( t) is even
3.
dx( t)
is even
dt
(B) only 2
(C) only 1
(D) 1 and 3
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311
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
(A)
A 2A
1
1
+
(sin t - sin 3t + sin 5 t....)
2
p
3
5
(B)
A 2A
1
1
+
(cos t - cos 2 t + cos 3t....)
2
p
2
3
(C)
A 2A
1
1
+
(cos t - cos 3t + cos 5 t....)
2
p
3
5
(D)
A 2A
1
1
+
(sin t + cos t + sin 3t + cos 3t ....)
2
p
3
3
36.
-1
x(t)
Fig. P5.7.33
2
1
1
1
(A) (cos t + cos 2 t + cos 3t + cos 4 t +....)
p
2
3
4
2
1
1
1
(sin t - sin 2 t + sin 3t - sin 4 t +....)
p
2
3
4
(C)
2
1
1
1
(sin t + cos t - sin 2 t - cos 2 t + sin 3t +....)
p
2
2
3
Fig. P5.7.36
(A)
1 12
1
1
+
(cos pt + cos 3pt +
cos 5 pt +....)
2 p2
9
25
(B) 3 +
(C)
x(t)
*****
Fig. P5.7.34
(A)
A 4A
1
1
+
sin t + sin 2 t + sin 3t +....
2
p
2
3
(B)
A 4A
1
1
+
cos t + cos 3t + cos 5 t +....
2
p
3
5
(C)
4A
1
1
(D)
4A
1
1
35.
x(t)
A
-p
2
p
2
Fig. P5.7.35
Page
312
12
1
1
(sin pt - sin 3pt +
sin 5 pt -....)
2
p
9
25
-A
-p
12
1
1
(cos pt + cos 3pt +
cos 5 pt +....)
p2
9
25
1 12
1
1
+
(sin pt - sin 3pt +
sin 5 pt -....)
2 p2
9
25
(D) 3 +
-p
-1
2
1
1
1
(D) (sin t + cos t + sin 3t + cos 3t + sin 5 t + ....)
p
3
3
5
34.
-1
(B)
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
SOLUTIONS
1
T
T 2
- jkw t
Ad( t) e o dt =
-T 2
- jkw ot
-T 2
1
dt =
T
Ae
- jkw ot
- jkt
x( t) e dt =
0
dt
1
2p
Ae- jkt dt =
jA e
2 pk
- 1
4 pk
j
3
X [ k]e
k = -
X [ k]e
sin 9 pt
sin pt
jpkt
1
T
X1 [ k] =
x( t - t ) e
o
-k
e-
j kw o to
x( t) e
- jkw ot
dt
2p
=2 ,
p
x( t) + x( - t)
,
2
j 2 pt
-1 jkt
=
e +
k = - 3
-1 - jt
e
4
1
= 3
+
=
1
1
1 + e - jt 1 + e j t 5 + 3cos t
3
3
dt =
-1
- jkw ot
X 2 [ k] = e jkw oto X [ k]
- jkpt
0 Ae dt
= je j 2 p t - je -
+ e j6 pt + e -
-1 jkt
e
k=0 3
coefficients
of
Ev{ x( t)}
are
j6 pt
jkt
- j 2 pk ( t -1 )
k = -4
-1 2 jt
=
( e - 2 + e -2 jt )
4
j 2 pkt
e jpkt =
= e - jkw oto X [ k]
= - 2 sin 2 pt + 2 cos 6 pt
8. (D) x( t) =
k = -
e j ( 3) pt + 2 e 4 e j (4 )pt
-1
1
1
d[ k - 1] + d[ k] - d[ k + 1]
4
2
4
= 3e j ( -3) pt + 2 e j ( -2 ) pt + e j ( -1 ) pt + e j (1 ) pt + 2 e j ( 2 ) pt + 3e j ( 3) pt
4p
0<t<
3
4p
< t < 2p
3
X [ k]e
jp
k = -
A 1 - e jkp e - jkp -1
A
=
(1 - ( -1) k )
=
+
2 jkp
- jkp jkp
7. (C) x( t) =
- j 2 pk
x( t) =
1
0
1
1
X [ k] = x( t) e - jkt dt = - Ae - jkpt dt +
2 -1
2 -1
X [ k] =
4p 3
k = -4
- A, - 1 < t < 0
2p
4. (C) T = 2, wo =
= p, x( t) =
0< t<1
2
A,
e jt - e - jt
5. (A) sin 2 t =
2j
-T 4
A,
2p
3. (B) T = 2p , wo =
= 1, x( t) =
2p
0,
2p
e j ( -4 ) pt + e 4 e j ( -3) pt + e
x( t) =
T 4
1
2p
p
4
e - jkw o t 4
A
pk
- jkw - T = pk sin 2
o
X [ k] =
- j
= 2( e - j ( 4 pt + p 4 ) + e j ( 4 pt + p 4 ) ) + ( e - j ( 3pt - p 4 ) + e j ( 3pt - p 4 ) )
A
,
T
A
=
T
jpkt
10. (A) X [ k] = e - j 2 pk , -4 k 4
T 2
x( t) e
X [ k]e
k = -
A = 10 , T = 5, X [ k] = 2
1
2. (C) X [ k] =
T
9. (D) x( t) =
= 2e
1. (D) X [ k] =
Chap 5.7
x ( t) + x *( t)
,
2
The FS coefficient of x *( t) is
1
X1 [ k] = x *( t) e - jkw ot dt = X1*[ -k]
TT
X1*[ k] =
1
T
x( t) e
jkw ot
dt = X [ -k]
X1 [ k] = X *[ -k]
Y [ k] =
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X [ k] + X *[ - k]
2
Page
313
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
10 p
4p
13. X [ k] = cos
k + 2 j sin
k
19
19
(B) (1 - ( -1) k ) X [ k]
(D) (1 - ( -1) k\ ) X [2 k]
(A)
19
( d[ n + 5 ] + d[ n - 5 ]) + 19(d[ n + 2 ] - d[ n - 2 ]),|n| 9
2
(C) (1 - ( -1) k + 1 ) X [ k]
(B)
1
( d[ n + 5 ] + d[ n - 5 ]) + (d[ n + 2 ] - d[ n - 2 ]),|n| 9
2
19. y[ n] = x *[ -n]
9
(C) ( d[ n + 5 ] + d[ n - 5 ]) + 9(d[ n + 2 ] - d[ n - 2 ]),|n| 9
2
(D)
1
( d[ n + 5 ] + d[ n - 5 ]) + (d[ n + 2 ] - d[ n - 2 ]),|n| 9
2
pk
14. X [ k] = cos
21
(A) - X *[ k ]
(B) - X *[ -k ]
(C) X *[ k ]
(D) X *[ -k ]
(A) X k 2
(B) X k +
2
(D) X k +
- 1
2
(A)
21
(d[ n + 4 ] + d[ n - 4 ]),|n| 10
2
(C) X k + 1
2
(B)
1
(d[ n + 4 ] + d[ n - 4 ]),|n| 10
2
(C)
21
(d[ n + 4 ] - d[ n - 4 ]),|n| 10
2
(D)
1
(d[ n + 4 ] - d[ n - 4 ]),|n| 10
2
(A) 9
(B) 10
(C) 11
15. y[ n] = x[ n - no ]
(A) e
2 p
n ok
j
N
(B) e
X [ k]
2 p
n ok
- j
N
8 p
j k
1
1-e 5
10
(B)
8 p
- j k
1
1-e 5
10
(C)
1
10
4 p
k
j
1 - e 5
(D)
1
10
X [ k]
(D) -kX [ k]
(C) kX [ k]
16. y[ n] = x[ n] - x[ n - 2 ]
4p
(A) sin
k X [ k]
N
4p
(B) cos
k X [ k]
N
4 p
k
- j
(C) 1 - e N X [ k]
4 p
k
j
(D) 1 - e N X [ k]
(A) -
Page
318
N
2
(C) 2 X [2 k],
for 0 k
- 1
2
(D) 2 X [2 k],
for 0 k
N
2
j - j 10
pk
e
cosec
Y [ k], k 0
2
10
pk
(B)
j - j 10
pk
e
cosec
Y [ k], k 0
2
10
pk
(C) -
1 - j 10
pk
e
sec
Y [ k]
2
10
pk
(D)
1 - j 10
pk
e
sec
Y [ k]
2
10
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4 p
k
- j
1 - e 5
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
representation.
x[ n]
X [ k]
p
(B) 2 cos n x[ n]
5
p
(C) 2 sin n x[ n]
2
p
(D) 2 cos n x[ n]
2
(A) 0, j, 2 j, 3 j
(B) 1, 1, 2, 3
(D) 0, - j , -2 j, -3 j
(B)
4.
1
( x[ n + 2 ] + x[ n - 2 ])
2
1
10
X [ k]
The signal x[ n] is
p
(A) 5 cos
n
10
p
(B) 5 sin
n
10
p
(C) 10 cos n
5
p
(D) 10 sin n
5
(B) j2 p( x[ n]) 2
x [ n] - x[ -n]
2
(B)
x [ n] + x[ -n]
2p
(D)
(A) 6
(B) 6|k|
(C) 6|k|
(D) e
11p
sin
n
20
x[ n] =
p
sin
n
20
1. x[ n] is periodic with N = 6
5
x[ n] = 2
n =0
x[ n] = 1
n -2
1 1 1 1 1
(C) ... , , , , , ...
3 6 3 6 3
p
j k
2
1
1
X [1] = X [2 ] = 1 and
2
2
Y [0 ], Y [1], Y [2 ], Y [ 3] = 1
(D) 2 p( x[ n]) 2
x [ n] - x[ -n]
2p
( -1)
= 50
X [0 ] = X [ 3] =
3.
n =0
(C) ( x[ n]) 2
2.
of
26. Y [ k] = X [ k] * X [ k]
(C)
values
3. X[11] = 5
1
( x[ n + 10 ] + x[ n + 10 ]) (D) None of the above
2
( x[ n])
2p
The
2. The period of x[ n] is N = 10
p
(A) 2 sin n x[ n]
5
(A)
X [17 ] = 3 j.
24. Y [ k ] = X [ k - 5 ] + X [ k + 5 ]
pk
25. Y [ k] = cos X [ k]
5
1
(A) ( x[ n + 5 ] + x[ n + 5 ])
2
X [16 ] = 2 j,
p
DTFS ;
10
(C)
Chap 5.8
1 1 1
...0, 1, , , , ...
2
3 4
1
( u[ k + 5 ] - u[ k - 5 ]), |k| 10
20
************
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319
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
11. (D) N = 7, W o =
x[ n] =
X [ k]e
2p
,
7
2 p
kn
j
7
= 2e
2 p
n
j ( -1 )
7
- 1 + 2e
2 p
n
j (1 )
7
Y [ k] =
n = -3
2p
= 4 cos
n - 1
7
p
- j k
6
p
j kn
6
e
=
9p
j ( n -1 )
6
p
j ( n -1 )
1-e 6
sin 3p ( n - 1)
=
4
sin
( n - 1)
12
4 p
kn
- j
N
n =0
2p
19
N -1
x [ -n]e
*
2 p
kn
- j
N
= X *[ k]
n =0
10 p
10 p
X [ k] = cos
k + 2 j sin
k
19
19
=
( x[ n] + x[ n + N 2 ]) e
k even
0,
=
2
X
[
k
],
k
odd
k = -6
1-e
2 p N
k
- j
Y [ k] = 1 - e N 2 X [ k] = (1 - e - jpk ) X [ k]
p
j k ( n -1 )
6
k = -6
p
j ( -4 ) ( n -1 )
6
N 2 -1
18. (B) y[ n] = x[ n] - x [ n - N 2 ]
2
N
= 2 X [2 k] for 0 k ( N 2 - 1)
- j k
p
12. (C) N = 12, W o = , X [ k] = e 6
6
x[ n] =
Chap 5.8
y[ n] = ( -1) n x[ n] = e jpn x[ n] = e
2p
2p
2p
2p
- j ( 5)
k
k
- j(2 )
k
- j ( -2 ) 19
1 - j ( -5) 19 k
19
19
e
e
+
e
+
+
e
Y [ k] =
By inspection
19
x[ n] =
( d[ n + 5 ] + d[ n - 5 ]) + 19 ( d[ n + 2 ] - d [ n - 2 ]),
2
Where |n| 9
1
N
1
N
N -1
2 p N
j
N 2
x[ n]e
2 p N
j
N 2
x[ n]
2 p
kn
- j
N
n =0
N -1
x[ n]e
2 p
N
n k -
- j
2
N
= X [k - N 2]
n =0
2p
21
1
9
2p
- j ( -4 ) k
21
2p
- j(4 ) k
21
8 p 1
X [ k] = cos
k = e
+e
21
2
1
Since X [ k] =
x[ n]e- jkWon , By inspection
N n=N
-1
15. (B) Y [ k] =
2 p
1 - j N kn o
e
N
1
N
N -1
x[ n - n ]e
o
n =0
x[ n]e
2 p
kn
- j
N
2 p
kn o
- j
N
22. (B) Y [ k] =
=
1
1-e
10
16. (C) Y [ k] = X [ k] - e
X [ k] = 1 - e
n
10 11
y[ n]e
2 p
kn
- j
10
n =0
1
=
10
1 - e
8 p
- j k
5
23. (A) y [ n] = x [ n] - x [ n - 1]
X [ k]
4 p
k
- j
N
1
10
2 p
k8
- j
10
n =0
2 p
2 k
- j
N
period of 10.
2 p
kn
- j
N
=e
Fig. S5.8.21
21
, n = 4
x[ n] = 2
0, otherwise n { -10, - 9, ......9. 10}
N -1
X [ k]
Y [ k] = X [ k] - e
www.gatehelp.com
2 p
k
- j
10
X [ k]
X [ k] =
Y [ k]
1-e
p
- j k
5
Page
321
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
X [ k] =
e
-j
e
2
p
- j k
10
p
j k
10
Y [ k]
-e
p
- j k
10
p
cosec
10
24. (D) W o =
p
j k
10
p
j k
10
Y [ k]
pk
2 j sin
10
e
k Y [ k]
p
, Y [ k] = X [ k - 5 ] + X [ k + 5 ]
10
p
j ( -5) n
j ( 5) p n
p
y[ n] = e 10 + e 10 x[ n] = 2 cos n x[ n]
2
e
p
25. (B) Y [ k] = cos k X [ k] =
5
p
j k
5
+e
2
p
-j k
5
X [ k]
X [ -1] + X [1] + X [0 ] +
2
X [0 ] +
X [ k]
x[ n] = X [ k]e
2
x[ n] + x[ -n]
2
= 5 e
2 p
kn
j
N
2p
,
6
k = -1
1
X [0 ] = ,
3
1
6
n =0
Z[ k ] = X [ 0 ] Y [ k ] + X [ 1 ] Y [ k - 1 ] + X [ 2 ] Y [ k - 2 ] + X [ 3 ] Y [ k - 3 ]
1
1
x[ n] = , X [ 3] =
6
6
P = X [ k] ,
|n| 5
1,
0, 5 <|n| 10
p
10
3n
1
1 1
1
+ ( -1) n = + ( -1) n
3
6 3
6
Using duality
11p
sin
n
p
DTFS ;
20
10
p
sin
n
20
1 1 1 1 1
x[ n] = ... , , , , , ...
2 6 2 6 2
11p
sin
k
20
p
sin
k
20
|k| 5
1 1,
20 0, 5 <|k| 10
*********
Page
322
DTFS ;
k=0
2p
X [ l ]Y [ k - l ]
DTFS
( -1) n x[ n] = 1
2 p
( 3) k
j
6
= 10 cos p n
= Y [ k] + 2 Y [ k - 1] + 2 Y [ k - 2 ] + Y [ k - 3]
1
x[ n] =
3
n =2
5
2 p
n
j
10
l= 0
From fact 3,
2 p
kn
j
10
Z [ k] = X [ l ]Y [ k - l ]
x[ n] = 2
n =0
+e
X [ k]e
k =< N>
n =0
2p
- j n
10
31. (A) z[ n] = x[ n] y[ n]
1
6
= 50
2 p
( 0 ) k
j
6
k = -1
=0
X [ k]
X [ k]
k=2
1
y[ n] = ( x[ n - 2 ] + x[ n + 2 ])
2
From fact 2,
= 50 =
k=2
28. (A) N = 6, W o =
j ( -2 )
k
1 j(2 ) k
10
= e 10 + e
X [ k]
2
X [ k]
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
6.1
TRANSFER FUNCTION
R(s)
C(s)
G(s)
blocks
G1 ( s) =
1
1
s+3
, G2 ( s) =
and G3( s) =
is
s+1
s+4
s+5
H(s)
Fig. P.6.1.3
( s 3 + 10 s 2 + 34 s + 37)
(A)
( s + 1)( s + 4)( s + 5)
(A)
( s + 3)
( s + 1)( s + 4)( s + 5)
s( s + 2)( s + 3)
s + 7 s 2 + 12 s + 3
(B)
-( s 3 + 10 s 2 + 34 s + 37)
( s + 1)( s + 4)( s + 5)
s( s + 2)( s + 3)
s + 5 s2 + 4 s - 3
(C)
-( s + 3)
( s + 1)( s + 4)( s + 5)
( s + 1)( s + 4)
s + 7 s 2 + 12 s + 3
(D)
( s + 1)( s + 4)
s + 5 s2 + 4 s - 3
(B)
(C)
(D)
1
1
s+1
, G2 ( s) =
, G3( s) =
G1 ( s) =
s+2
s+5
s+3
( s 3 + 10 s 2 + 37 s 2 + 31)
( s + 2)( s + 3)( s + 5)
1
G1
G3
Fig. P.6.1.4
-( s 3 + 10 s 2 + 37 s 2 + 31)
(C)
( s + 2)( s + 3)( s + 5)
(A)
G1 G2
1 + H1 G1 G2 G3
-( s + 1)
(D)
( s + 2)( s + 3)( s + 5)
(B)
G2 G3
G1 (1 + H1 G2 G3)
(C)
G2 G3
1 + H1 G1 G2 G3
(D)
G2 G3
G1 (1 + H1 G2 G3)
G2
H2
s+1
( s + 2) ( s + 3) ( s + 5)
G( s) =
Page
325
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 6
G1
G2
(D)
Control Systems
G1 G2
1 + G1 H1 + G2 H 2 + G1 G2 H1 H 2
C(s)
+
C(s)
G1G2
R(s)
1 + G1 + G1G2
(A)
R(s)
Fig.P6.1.8
(B)
C(s)
G1 + G2
R(s)
1 + G2 + G1G2
(C)
1
3
C(s)
C(s)
(D)
(A) -2
(B) 6
(C) -6
(D) 2
equivalent if G is equal to
R(s)
C(s)
s+2
s+1
R(s)
+
G1
1
s+1
C(s)
G2
Fig. P.6.1.6
C ( s)
The noise transfer function N
is
N ( s)
G2
1 + G1 G2 H
(B)
G2
(C)
1 + G2 H
C(s)
+
Fig. P.6.1.9
H2
(A)
(A) s + 1
(B) 2
(C) s + 2
(D) 1
G2
1 + G1 H
R1
R2
16
C1
C2
10
G1
Fig. P.6.1.10
+
G2
C(s)
(D) 5% and 1%
H2
Fig. P.6.1.7
(A)
(B)
(C)
Page
326
G1 G2
1 + G1 G1 H 2 + G2 H1
C
R
fig. P.6.1.11 is
R
G1 G2
1 + G1 G2 + H1 H 2
1
H1
H2
G1
G2
G1 G2
1 - G1 H1 - G2 H 2 + G1 G2 H1 H 2
Fig. P.6.1.11
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Transfer Function
(A)
(C)
G1 H 2
H1 (1 + G1 G2 H 2 )
(B)
G2 G1
1 + H1 H 2 G1 G2
(D)
Chap 6.1
G1 G2 H 2
H1 (1 + G1 G2 H 2 )
G1 G2
H1 (1 + G1 G2 H 2 )
R(s) 1
G1 C(s)
-H2
H1
x1
Fig. P.6.1.15
t56
t45
t34
t23
t12
N(s)
t44
t43
x5
x4
x3
x6
(A)
1
For |G1 ( s) H1 ( s) H 2 ( s)| << 1
G1 ( s) H1 ( s)
(B)
1
For |G1 ( s) H1 ( s) H 2 ( s)| >> 1
-H1 ( s)
(C)
1
For |G1 ( s) H1 ( s) H 2 ( s)| >> 1
H1 ( s) H 2 ( s)
(D)
1
For |G1 ( s) H1 ( s) H 2 ( s)| << 1
G1 ( s) H1 ( s) H 2 ( s)
t24
t25
Fig. P.6.1.12
C
R
-H1
-H2
1
R
Fig. P.6.1.16
(A) G
-g
(B)
G
1 + H2
(D)
G
1 + H1 + H 2
Fig. P.6.1.13
(C)
G
(1 + H1 )(1 + H 2 )
1
1
1
1
2
Fig. P.6.1.14
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
Fig. P.6.1.17
(A) a
(B) b
(C) b and c
(D) a, b and c
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Page
327
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 6
Control Systems
-H3
List II
R(s) 1
(A)
(Transfer Function)
-H2
3
G1
1 C(s)
C(s)
C(s)
C(s)
G2
-H1H2
P.
Q.
xi
xi
xo
-H2
2
3
G1
G2
-H2
a xo
a
3.
(1 - ab)
S.
b
R.
-H2
xi 1
2. ab
b
xi 1
R(s) 1
(B)
xo
-H3
1. a + b
1 xo
4.
R(s) 1
(C)
G2
G1
-H3
-H1H2
a
1-b
H3
R(s) 1
(D)
G2
G1
H2
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
-H1
is
H1
equivalent graph is
ta
R(s)
tc
e1
G1
e1
Fig. P.6.1.21
tc+ td
tatb
e1
e4
(A)
e4
e3
(B)
ta + tb
e1
tatb
tctd
e2
e4
e1
(C)
1
+
G1 G2 G3
1 + G1 G2 G3 H1
(B)
G1 G2 G3
1 + G1 G2 G3 H1 H 2
(C)
G1 G2 G3
1 + G1 G2 H1 + G2 G3 H 2
(D)
G1 G2 G3
1 + G1 G2 H1 + G1 G3 H 2 + G2 G3 H1
tc+ td
e4
e2
P.6.1.20
R(s)
(A)
(D)
2
+
C(s)
H2
tctd
e3
G3
e4
e3
Fig. P.6.1.19
ta + tb
G2
td
e2
tb
G2
4
G2
function C( s) R( s) is
G3
H2
H1
R(s)
G1
G2
H3
H1
Fig. P.6.1.20
H2
Fig. P.6.1.22
Page
328
www.gatehelp.com
C(s)
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Transfer Function
(A)
G3
1 - H1 G2 - H 2 G3 - G1 G2 H 2
(B)
G3 + G1 G2
1 + H1 G2 + H 2 G3 + G1 G2 H 2
(C)
G3
1 + H1 G2 + H 2 G3 + G1 G2 H 2
Chap 6.1
P.6.1.26 is
R(s)
+
+
G1
C(s)
G2
H1
H2
Fig. P.6.1.26
G3
(D)
1 - H1 G2 - H 2 G3 - G1 G2 H 2
(A)
G1 G2
1 - G1 G2 H1 - G1 G2 H 2
(B)
G1 G2
1 - G2 H 2 - G1 G2 H1
(C)
G1 G2
1 - G2 H 2 + G1 G2 H1 H 2
(D)
G1 G2
1 - G1 G2 H1 H 2
transfer function is
3
-3
Fig. P.6.1.23
(B) -3
(C) 3
(D) -3.75
R(s)
G1
+
-1
-1
-1
G3
G5
G4
G2
(A) 3.75
gain C R is
C(s)
G8
G7
G6
Fig. P.6.1.27
(A)
G1 G2
1 + G1 G2 + G1 G7G3 + G1 G2 G8 G6 + G1 G2 G3G7G5
Fig. P.6.1.24
44
(A)
23
(B)
29
19
(B)
G1 G2
1 + G1 G4 + G1 G2 G8 + G1 G2 G5G7 + G1 G2 G3G6 G7
44
19
(D)
29
11
(C)
G1 + G2
1 + G1 G4 + G1 G2 G8 + G1 G2 G5G7 + G1 G2 G3G6 G7
(D)
G1 + G2
1 + G1 G2 + G3G6 G7 + G1 G3G4 G5 + G1 G2 G3G6 G7G8
(C)
G4
G3
R(s) 1
1 C(s)
G1
G2
G1
-H1
Fig. P.6.1.25
(A)
G1 G2 + G2 G3
1 + G1 G2 H1 + G2 G3 H1 + G4
(B)
G1 G2 + G2 G3
1 + G1 G3 H1 + G2 G3 H1 - G4
(C)
G1 G3 + G2 G3
1 + G1 G3 H1 + G2 G3 H1 - G4
(D)
G1 G3 + G2 G3
1 + G1 G3 H1 + G2 G3 H1 + G4
R(s)
G2
G5
G6
C(s)
G3
G4
Fig. P.6.1.28
(A) G6 [ G4 + G3 + G5( G3 + G2 )]
(B) G6 [ G2 + G3 + G5( G3 + G4 )]
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Page
329
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 6
Control Systems
G1
transfer function C( s) R( s) is
50( s - 2)
50( s - 2)
(A) 3
(B) 3
2
s + s + 150 s - 100
s + s 2 + 150 s
(C)
50 s
s + s + 150 s - 100
3
(D)
+
+
G2
G3
H1
50
s + s + 150
Fig. P.6.1.32
C
R
G2
is
G2
G1
-H1
G3
-H2
-H3
+
+
G1
+
+
G3
H3
G4
H2
Fig. P.6.1.30
H1
Fig. P.6.1.33
(A)
G1 + G2 + G3
1 + G1 H1 + G2 H 2 + G3 H 3
(A)
G1 G2 G3 + G2 G3G4 + G1 G4
1 + G1 G3G4 H1 H 2 H 3 + G2 H 4 H1 H 2 + G4 H1
(B)
G1 + G2 + G3
1 + G1 H1 + G2 H 2 + G3 H 3 + G1 G3 H1 H 3
(B)
G2 G4 + G1 G2 G3
1 + G1 G3 H1 H 2 H 3 + G4 H1 + G3G4 H1 H 2
(C)
G1 G2 G3
1 + G1 H1 + G2 H 2 + G3 H 3
(C)
G1 G3G4 + G2 G4
1 + G3G4 H1 H 2 + G4 H1 + G1 G3 H 3 H 2
(D)
G1 G2 G3
1 + G1 H1 + G2 H 2 + G3 H 3 + G1 G3 H1 H 3
(D)
G1 G3G4 + G2 G3G4 + G2 G4
1 + G1 G3G4 H1 H 2 H 3 + G3G4 H1 H 2 + G4 H1
G4
-H3
R
G2
G1
G3
-H1
R1(s)
+
+
R2(s)
+
+
+
C1(s)
-H2
Fig. P.6.1.31
(A) 1 + G1 H1 + G2 G3 H 3 + G1 G3 H 2
(B) 1 + G1 H1 - G2 G3 H 3 - G1 G3 H 3 + G2 G4 H 2 H 3
(C) 1 + G1 H1 + G2 G3 H 3 + G1 G3 H 3 - G2 G4 H 2 H 3
(C)
Page
330
G2 G3 + G1 G3
1 + G3 H1 + G2 G3
C2(s)
Fig. P.6.1.34-37
(D) 1 + G1 H1 + G2 G3 H 3 + G1 G3 H 3 + G2 G4 H 2 H 3
P.6.1.32 is
G2 G3 + G1 G3
(A)
1 - G3 H1 + G2 G3
C1
R1
is
R2 = 0
(B)
G2 G3 + G1 G3
1 + G3 H1 - G2 G3
(A)
G
1 - 2G2
(B)
G(1 - G)
1 - 2G2
(D)
G2 G3 + G1 G3
1 - G3 H1 - G2 G3
(C)
G(1 - 2 G)
1 - G2
(D)
G
1 - G2
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Transfer Function
C1
R2
R1 = 0
(B)
G2
1 - 2G2
(D)
C2
R1
G (1 + G)
(A)
1 - 2G2
G
1 - G2
G
1 - G2
+
+
2s
C2(s)
Fig. P.6.1.40-41
is
R2 = 0
G
1 - G2
(D)
G(1 + G)
(A)
1 - 2G2
1
s
G2
(B)
1 - 2G2
C
37. The transfer function 2
R2
(C)
R1(s)
G2
1 - G2
(C)
is
G
1 - 2G2
Chap 6.1
(A)
2 s(2 s + 1)
2 s 2 + 3s + 5
(B)
2 s(2 s + 1)
2 s 2 + 13s + 5
(C)
2 s(2 s + 1)
4 s 2 + 13s + 5
(D)
2 s(2 s + 1)
4 s 2 + 3s + 5
is
R1 = 0
(C) -0.5,
- 1.67
G
(B)
1 - 2G2
G
1+ G
(D)
G
1 - G2
********
Y2
G1
Y3
-H1
Y4 G3
G2
Y5
Y5
-H2
-H3
Fig. P.6.1.38-39
Y2
is
Y1
1 + G2 H 2
D
(A)
1
D
(B)
(C)
G1 G2 G3
D
Y5
is
Y2
(A)
G1 G2 G3 + G4 G3
D
(B) G1 G2 G3 + G4 G3
(C)
G1 G2 G3 + G4 G3
G1 G2 G3
(D)
G1 G2 G3 + G4 G3
1 + G2 H 2
Page
331
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 6
SOLUTIONS
C2 =
C2 =
9
9
= , C2 is reduced by 1%.
9 + 1 10
1. (A) Ge ( s) = G1 ( s) + G2 ( s) + G3( s)
=
1
1
s+3
+
+
( s + 1) ( s + 4) ( s + 5)
s 2 + 9s + 20 + s 2 + 6s + 5 + s 3 + 5s 2 + 4s + 3s 2 + 15s + 12
(s + 1)(s + 4)(s + 5)
s 3 + 10 s 2 + 34 s + 37
( s + 1)( s + 4)( s + 5)
1
( H 2 G1 )
C
H 2 G1
H1 =
=
R
H1 (1 + G1 G2 H 2 )
1 + H 2 G1 G2
12. (A) There cannot be common subscript because
2. (B) Ge ( s) = G1 ( s) G2 ( s) G3( s) =
3. (C)
10
10
,
=
10 + 1 11
Control Systems
( s + 1)
( s + 2)( s + 5)( s + 3)
C( s)
G( s)
=
R( s) 1 + H ( s) G( s)
s+1
( s + 1)( s + 4)
s( s + 2)
=
= 3
( s + 3) ( s + 1)
s + 7 s 2 + 12 s + 3
1+
( s + 4) s( s + 2)
14. (A) In this graph there are three feedback loop. abef
is not a feedback path because between path x2 is a
summing node.
1
.
G1
P1 = - H 2 G1 , L1 = - G1 H 2 H1 , D1 = 1,
G2 G3
G1 (1 + G2 G3 H1 )
if |G1 H 2 H1 | >> 1, Tn ( s) =
5. (D) T( s) = G2 (1 + G1 ) + 1 = 1 + G1 + G1 G2
TN ( s) =
T( s) =
G2
1 + G1 G2 H
G2
+
1
G2 H 2
- H 2 G1
-1
=
G1 H 2 H1 H1
G
G
=
1 + H1 + H 2 + H1 H 2 (1 + H1 )(1 + H 2 )
17. (B) Ga = 1, Gb = 1 + 1 = 2, Gc =
1 1 1 1
+ + + =1
4 4 4 4
18. (B)
P. P1 = ab, D = 1, L = 0 , T = ab
G1 G2
1 + G1 H1 + G2 H 2 + G1 G2 H1 H 2
Q. P1 = a, P2 = b , D = 1, L = Dk = 0, T = a + b
a
R. P1 = a, L1 = b, D = 1 - b, D1 = 1, T =
a-b
a
S. P1 = a, L1 = ab, D = 1 - ab, D1 = 1, T =
1 - ab
C
6
=
=-6
R 1 - 6 31
Page
332
- H 2 G1
1 + G1 H 2 H1
multiply
G1
T( s) =
1
+
G1 H1
Tn ( s) =
16. (C) P1 = G , L1 = - H1 , L2 = - H 2 , L1 L2 = H1 H 2 , D1 = 1
correct.
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Transfer Function
Chap 6.1
G3
G4
G3
G5
G2
-G1
-G1 G2 H 2 , - G2 H1 , - G3 H 2 .
There are no nontouching loop. So (B) is correct.
23. (C) P1 = 5 3 2 = 30, D = 1 - ( 3 - 3) = 10
29. (A)
C 30
D1 = 1 ,
=
=3
R 10
-2
s
1
s2
L3 = -4, L4 = -5,
-1
L1 L3 = 8, D = 1 - ( -2 - 3 - 4 - 5) + 8 = 23,
Fig. S6.1.29
D1 = 1, D2 = 1 - ( -3) = 4,
C 24 + 5 4 44
=
=
R
24
23
P1 =
1
50
50
s=
s2 ( s + 1)
s( s + 1)
P2 =
1 50
-100
( -2) = 2
s2 s + 1
s ( s + 1)
L1 =
50 -2
-100
=
s+1 s
s( s + 1)
L2 =
1 50
-50
s ( -1) =
s2 s + 1
s( s + 1)
L3 =
1 50
100
( -2) ( -1) = 2
s2 s + 1
s ( s + 1)
P2 = G3G2
L1 = -G3G2 H1 , L2 = -G1 G2 H1 ,
-2
1
50
(s + 1)
24. (A) P1 = 2 3 4 = 24 , P2 = 1 5 1 = 5
25. (B) P1 = G1 G2 ,
Fig. S6.1.28
L2 = -3,
-1
L1 = -2 ,
G6
L3 = G4 , D1 = D2 = 1
D =1 +
100
50
100
+
s( s + 1) s( s + 1) s 2 ( s + 1)
D1 = D2 = 1
C P1 + P2
50( s - 2)
=
= 3
R
D
s + s2 + 150 s - 100
L1 = - G1 H1 , L2 = - G2 H 2 , L3 = - G3 H 3
R(s) 1
G2
G1
1 C(s)
D = 1 - ( - G1 H1 - G2 H 2 - G3 H 3 ) + G1 G3 H1 H 3
1
-H1
L1 L3 = G1 G3 H1 H 3
H2
Fig. S6.1.27
D = 1 + G1 H1 + G2 H 2 + G3 H 3 + G1 G3 H1 H 3
D1 = 1
C
G1 G2 G3
=
R 1 + G1 H! + G2 H 2 + G3 H 3 + G1 G3 H1 H 3
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333
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
6.2
STABILITY
E(s)
C(s)
K(s2 - 2s + 2)
3
4
1
s2 + 2s + 1
Fig. P6.2.1
1
2
function
(B) -
1
< K <1
2
G( s) =
(D) Unstable
K ( s + 3)
s 4 ( s + 2)
K ( s 2 + 1)
( s + 1)( s + 2)
(A) K > 0
(B) K < 0
(C) K > 1
control
system is
(A) K < - 1
(B) K > -1
(C) K < - 2
(D) K > -2
G( s) =
(A)
2
s+2
(B)
2
s 2 ( s + 2)
are respectively
(C)
2
s( s + 2)
(D)
2( s + 1)
s( s + 2)
K ( s + 2)
( s + 1)( s - 7)
G( s) =
K ( s + 3)( s + 5)
( s - 2)( s - 4)
G( s) =
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K ( s 2 - 4)
s2 + 3
Page
335
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 6
3
4
C(s)
1
s(s + 1)(s + 5)
K ( s + 6)
s( s + 1)( s + 3)
G( s) =
K ( s + 10)( s + 20)
s 2 ( s + 2)
K is
(D) K > 6
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
K(1 + Ts)
s2(1 + s)
C(s)
Fig. P6.2.9
R(s)
+
(B) T < 0
(C) T > 1
C(s)
+
s2
1
s+1
Fig. P6.2.1415
(B) 2369
(C) 144690
(D) 14469
(A)
s 5 + s 4 + 2 s 3 + ( K + 2) s 2 + ( K + 2) s + K
s3 + s2 + 2 s + K
(B)
2 s 4 + ( K + 2) s 3 + Ks 2
s3 + s2 + 2 s + K
(C)
s3 + s2 + 2 s + K
s 5 + s 4 + 2 s 3 + ( K + 2) s 2 + ( K + 2) s + K
(D)
s3 + s2 + 2 s + K
2 s + ( K + 2) s 3 + Ks 2
K ( s - 2)( s + 4)( s + 5)
( s 2 + 3)
1
3
<K <
54
40
K
s2
(D) Unstable
s
Page
336
(A) 30
(B) -30
(C) 10
(D) -10
Fig. P6.2.15
(A) 4
(B) -4
(C) 2
(D) -2
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 6
(A) stable
(B) unstable
T( s) =
( s + 8)( s + 6)
s 5 - s 4 + 4 s 3 - 4 s 2 + 3s - 2
(A) 4, 1
(B) 1, 4
(C) 3, 2
(D) 2, 3
The system is
(A) stable
(B) unstable
T( s) =
s 3 + 3s 2 + 7 s + 24
s - 2 s 4 + 3s 3 - 6 s 2 + 2 s - 4
5
axis are
28. The forward-path transfer function of a ufb system is
G( s) =
G( s)
2 s4 + 5 s3 + s2 + 2 s
(B) 0, 1, 4
(C) 1, 0, 4
(D) 1, 2, 2
The system is
(A) stable
(A) 2, 1, 2
(B) unstable
R(s)
C(s)
507
s4 + 3s3 + 10s2 + 30s + 169
Fig. P6.2.34
K ( s + 0.1)
s( s - 0.2)( s 2 + s + 0.6)
G( s) H ( s) =
(A) 2, 3, 0
(B) 3, 2, 0
(C) 2, 1, 2
(D) 1, 2, 2
K
s( sT1 + 1)( sT2 + 1)
s7
s5
s5
s4
-1
1
1
(B) K >
+
T1 T2
(D) K > T1 T2
(A) 1, 2, 4
(B) 1, 6, 0
(C) 1, 0, 6
s + 4 s + 8 s + 16
s + 3s 4 + 5 s 2 + s + 3
3
T( s) =
Fig. P6.2.35
R(s)
Page
338
(A) 3, 2
(B) 2, 3
(C) 1, 4
(D) 4, 1
C(s)
Fig. P6.2.35
-8
s6 + s5 - 6s4 + s2 + s - 6
(A) 3, 3, 0
(B) 1, 3, 2
(C) 1, 1, 4
(D) 3, 1, 2
************
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UNIT 6
11. (C) T( s) =
=
K 2
K 2
+ . Then apply feedback formula with 2 + and
2
s
s
s
s
1
, and then multiply with s 2 .
( s + 1)
G( s)
1 + G( s)
K ( s - 2)( s + 4)( s + 5)
Ks + (7 K + 1) s 2 + 2 Ks + ( 3 - 40 K )
3
K 2
s2 2 +
2 s 4 + ( K + 2) s 3 + Ks 2
s
s
T( s) =
=
1 K 2
s3 + s2 + 2 s + K
1+
2 +
s + 1 s
s
2K
s2
7K + 1
3 - 40 K
s1
54 K - K
7K + 1
s0
3 - 40 K
Fig. S.6.2.11
K > 0,
7K + 1 > 0
54 K 2 - K
>0
7K + 1
3 - 40 K > 0
12. (A) T( s) =
1
K >-
7
1
K >
54
3
K <
40
1
3
<K <
54
40
s2
s1
2-K
s0
K
Fig. S.6.2.15
1
s + 6s + 5s + K
3
s3
s = -1, j 2 , - j 2
s2
s1
30 - K
s0
K
s + 5s + 7s + K
3
Fig. S.6.2.12
K ( s + 10)( s + 20)
13. (D) T( s) = 3
s + ( K + 2) s 2 + 30 Ks + 200 K
s3
s2
s1
35- K
5
s0
s3
30K
s2
K +2
200K
s1
30 K 2 - 140 K
s0
200K
Fig. S.6.2.17
K >0 ,
K < 35
Auxiliary equation 5 s 2 + 35 = 0,
200 K > 0
K > 0, 30 K 2 - 140 K > 0
14
K > , 5 satisfy this condition.
3
Page
340
Fig. S.6.2.13
35 - K
>0
5
K
2
and
giving
2
s
s
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s= j 7
Ti ( s) =
K
,
P ( s) + K
K
P ( s) + K
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Stability
To( s) =
K
,
P ( s) + 2 K
<K <
2
2
20. (D) T( s) =
2K - 1
>0
2
18 K - 109
>0
2K - 1
Chap 6.2
1
2
109
K >
18
K >
K ( s + 2)
s 4 + 3s 3 - 3s 2 + ( K + 3) s + (2 K - 4)
2K - 4
s4
20
s3
K
K
-3
s3
K +3
s2
180 - K
9
s2
- ( K +312 )
2K - 4
s1
K ( K - 99)
K -180
s1
K ( K + 33)
K + 12
s0
s0
2K - 4
-( K + 12)
> 0 K < - 12, 2 K - 4 > 0
3
24. (C) T( s) =
s4
-3
s3
K +3
s2
- K + 12
3
2K - 4
s1
K ( K + 33)
K + 12
K -1
K
s0
2K - 4
s
s
K ( s + 2)
s + 3s - 3s + ( K + 3) s + (2 K - 4)
4
K -1 - K 2
K -1
2K - 4
Fig. S.6.2.24
Fig. S.6.2.21
K > 0, K - 1 > 0
Fig. S.6.2.23
Fig. S.6.2.20
s2
109
18
s4 + 9 s3 + 20 s2 + Ks + K = 0
s4
K >
K >1 ,
K -1 - K2
> 0,
K -1
3 sign change
But for K > 1 third term is always -ive. Thus the three
For K > 2,
2 sign change
s4
s3
20
25
s2
15
18 K -109
2 K -1
s1
25
s0
15
s4
4+K
s3
s2
2 K -1
2
s1
s0
25
Fig. S.6.2.22
15
ROZ
Fig. S.6.2.25
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341
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 6
P ( s) = 3s 2 + 15,
d P ( s)
= 6 s, No sign change from s 2 to s 0
ds
s
s
s1
s
0.4
s3
0.8
K - 0.12
0.1K
35
10
50
s2
0.55 - 125
. K
30
264
s1
s0
0.1K
-386
264
s4
ROZ
264
-125
. K 2 + 0.63K - 0.066 > 0
( K - 0.149)( K - 0.355) < 0, 0.149 < K < 0.355
30. (A) Characteristic equation
s4
s3
16
ROZ
s2
s1
46
s0
T1 T2 s 3 + ( T1 + T2 ) s2 + s + K = 0
Routh table is as shown in fig. S.6.2.30
s3
T1 T2
s2
T1 + T2
Fig. S.6.2.27
s1
( T1 + T2 ) - T1 T2K
T1 + T2
dp( s)
= 16 s 3 + 3s
ds
s0
ROZ
Fig. S.6.2.30
1
1
0 < K <
+
T
T
1
2
K > 0, ( T1 + T2 ) - T1 T2 K > 0
s5
s4
s4
s3
s3
3.67
s2
1
5
s2
s1
-23
s1
-2.75
s0
s0
Fig. S.6.2.28
Page
342
Fig. S.6.2.29
Fig. S.6.2.26
P ( s) = 4 s 4 + 4 s + 1,
LHP 2.
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Stability
s5
s
- -
-1
-4
-2
1
-2
s2
1-4e
e
s1
2e2 +1-4e
1-4e
s0
-2
-2
-6
-4
-2
-3
ROZ
-3
-4
s
s
s
s
1
3
-4
Fig. S.6.2.33
dP ( s)
= - 8 s 3 - 12 s , -2 , -3
P ( s) = - 2 s - 6 s ,
ds
4
+ + +
+
Thus, the even polynomial does not have RHP poles. Therefore
4 pole
RHP
1 pole
LHP
0 pole
s6
-6
s5
s4
-6
s3
-24
s2
s1
- 144
e
s0
-6
-6
ROZ
Fig. S.6.2.36
P ( s) = - 6 s 4 - 6,
P ( s) = s6 + 2 s 4 - s 2 - 2
, where
2 LHP poles.
s5
dP ( s )
ds
Fig. S.6.2.32
3 RHP,
dP ( s)
= 12 s 3 + 60
ds
P ( s) = 3s 4 + 30 s 2 + 507,
Chap 6.2
dP ( s)
= -24 s 3 ,
ds
Total
LHP 3 root,
RHP 3 root.
507 s
s 5 + 3s 4 + 10 s 3 + 30 s 2 + 169 s + 507
***********
10
69
s4
30
57
s3
12
60
ROZ
s2
15
507
s1
-345.6
s0
507
Fig. S.6.2.33
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343
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Time Response
Chap 6.3
d. T( s) =
s+2
s2 + 9
e. T( s) =
( s + 5)
( s + 10) 2
1
s
10
(s + 10)
C(s)
Fig. P6.3.8
1. Overdamped
2. Under damped
3. Undamped
4. Critically damped.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(B) 1000, 0, 0
(C) 0, 0, 0
(D) 0, 0, 1000
system is
G( s) =
1000
(1 + 0.1s)(1 + 10 s)
5 -50 t 2 -150 t
e
- e
3
3
(B) 1 -
1 -100 t 4 -400 t
e
- e
3
3
(D) 1 +
4 -100 t 1 -400 t
e
+ e
3
3
2 -50 t 5 -150 t
e
- e
3
3
K (1 + 2 s)(1 + 4 s)
s 2 ( s 2 + 2 s + 8)
(A) 0, 0, 4K
(B) ,
(C) 0, 4 K ,
(D) , ,
K
8
system is
G( s) =
5
( s + 3)( s + 6)
10( s + 7)
b. T( s) =
( s + 10)( s + 20)
20
c. T( s) = 2
s + 6 s + 144
50
(1 + 0.1s)(1 + 2 s)
(B) 50, 0, 0
(C) 0, 250,
(D) , 50, 0
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345
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
Control Systems
D(s)
feedback system is
G( s) =
1
(s + 5)
100
s(s + 2)
+
+
C(s)
K
s ( s + a)
n
Fig. P6.3.22
(A) -
49
11
(B)
49
11
(C) -
63
11
(D)
63
11
(A) 237 10
(B) 144
(C) 14.4 10
(D) 237
is
(C) 14.4 10
(B) 237
G( s) =
(D) 144
and K 2
are
K
s( s + 4)( s + 8)( s + 10)
(B) 6.25
(C) 0.14
(D) 7.25
respectively
24. The forward-path transfer function of a ufb system
D(s)
R(s)
K1(s + 2)
(s + 3)
is
K2
s(s + 4)
+
+
C(s)
G( s) =
Fig. P6.3.20
(A) 4 10 -4
(B) 0
(C)
(D) 2 10 -5
G( s) =
1
1
, H ( s) =
s2 + s + 2
( s + 1)
(B) 0
(C) 8
(D) 16
Page
346
(A) 4
(D) 0
22. For the system of fig. P6.3.22 the total steady state
disturbance is
K v = 10 4 is
(B) 2
(C)
(D) 0
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Time Response
If
Chap 6.3
the
r ( t) = 1 + t +
feedback system is
G( s) =
(C)
(D) 10
E(s)
G(s)
subjected
(B) 0.1
(C) 10
(D)
to
an
input
function is
+
is
(A) 0
R(s)
system
system will be
1000
( s + 20)( s 2 + 4 s + 10)
(A) 0
1
2
C(s)
K
(s + 1)(0.1s + 1)
C(s)
Fig. P6.3.32
Fig. P6.3.28
G( s) =
(B) 0
(C)
(D) 64
(B) 0.9
(C) 1.0
(D) 9.0
(A) 0.1
R(s)
Ka
1
s(0.5s + 1)
C(s)
system is
G( s) =
sKt
Fig. P6.3.3334
(B) 0.061
(C)
(D) 609
10(s + 1)
s2(s + 2)
e(t)
1
5
(B) 5
(C) 0
(D)
G( s) =
10(1 + 4 s)
s 2 (1 + s)
(B) 0.2
(C)
(D) 0
c(t)
(A) 5
Fig. P6.3.30
(A)
(B) 4 and 5
(C) 4 and 7
(D) 7 and 4
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347
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Time Response
SOLUTIONS
Chap 6.3
10
1
1
= s( s + 10) s s + 10
8. (A) C( s) =
c( t) = 1 - e -10 t
a = 10,
w = 18, 2 xwn = 9
2
n
Therefore x = 106
. ,
wn = 4.24 rad/s
Settling time Ts =
1
0.6
6 ( s + 0.8) 2 + (0.6) 2
2. (A) T( s) =
wn 1 - x2 = 0.6 ,
Hence wn = 1,
9. (D) xwn =
xwn = 0.8
Ds = { s - ( -3 + j 4)}{ s - ( -3 - j 4)} = ( s + 3) + 4 .
2
= s + 6 s + 25, w = 25
2 xwn = 6 ,
x=
w2n = 4
wn = 2 ,
5. (D) M p = e
xp
1-x
T( s) =
=3
xp
1 - x2
x = 0.59
xp
1 - x2
x = 0.56, wn =
4
= 1192
.
xTs
Note :
32
.
, For 0 < x < 0.69
Ts =
xwn
5
= 0.05,
100
Ts =
4.5
, For
xwn
12. (B) T( s) =
1
= 1.45
0.69
Peak time,
Tp =
x = 0.5
2 xwn = 2,
x = 0.69,
wn =
xp
1 - x2
1 - x2 = 0.779,
1
K
= 2
1 + G( s) s + 2 s + K
2 xwn = 2,
p
Tp
16
4
=
( 4 s 2 + 8 s + 16) ( s 2 + 2 s + 4)
wn =
6
= 0.6
25
4. (A) T( s) =
wn = 5 rad/s
4
= 0.4s
a
4
p
= 0.571, wn 1 - x2 =
= 1047
.
Ts
Tp
2.2 2.2
=
= 0.22s
a
10
x = 0.8
Rise time Tr =
p
p
p
=
=
= 3 sec
wd wn - x2
1.45 (1 - 0.69 2 )
40000
w2n
= 2
2
s + 2 xwn s + wn
s + 500 s + 40000
40000
( s + 100)( s + 400)
R( s) =
x > 0.69
40000
1
4
1
= +
s( s + 100)( s + 400) s 3( s + 100) 3( s + 400)
r ( t) = 1 -
4 -100 t 1 -400 t
e
+ e
3
3
K1
,
6. (C) T( s) = 2
s + ( K 2 + s) + K 1
w2n = K 1 ,
2 xwn = 1 + K 2
wd = 0.10,
wn = 12.5
x = 0.6,
wd = wn 1 - 0.6 2 = 10
K 1 = 156.25,
2 wn 3 = K 2 + 1
2 12.5 0.6 = K 2 + 1
7. (A) M p = e
K 2 = 14
xp
1 - x2
, At x = 0,
M p = 1 = 100%
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349
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 5
K v = lim sG( s) = 0
s 0
R( s) =
K a = lim s 2 G( s) = 0
s 0
16. (D) H ( s) = 1,
K p = lim G( s) H ( s) =
s 0
s 0
17. (B) H ( s) = 1,
K
8
K p = lim G( s) H ( s) = 50
s 0
K v = lim sG( s) H ( s) = 0
ess = lim
s 0
sR( s)
,
1 + G ( s)
1
6
=
K 1 K 2 ( s + 2)
K
1K 2
s+
( s + 3)( s + 4)
6
= 0 .003
125 10 3 K 2
K 2 = 0.016
21. (C) E( s) = R( s) - C( s) H ( s)
= R( s) -
s 0
s 0
1
K 1 K 2 ( s + 2)
, G( s) =
s2
s( s + 3)( s + 4)
K v = lim sG( s) H ( s) =
K a = lim s 2 G ( s) H ( s) =
Control Systems
K a = lim s 2 G( s) H ( s) = 0.
R( s) G( s) H ( s)
R( s)
=
1 + G( s) H ( s)
1 + G( s) H ( s)
s 0
K
= 100
a
s 0
xp
1 - x2
s 0
x = 0.6
G( s)
K
= 2
1 + G ( s) s + as + K
2 xwn = a ,
w2n = K
K
0.6 K = 100
2
2 0.6 K = a
R( s) = D( s) =
K = 14400
K
= 100, K = 14400,
a
14400
= 100
a
a = 144
s 0
1
3
TD( s) = lim TD( s) =
s 0
s
2 K1
1
s+5
and
G2 ( s) =
100
s+2
1
s
K v = lim sG( s) =
s 0
24. (A) R( s) =
6
,
s4
E( s) =
R( s)
1 + G ( s)
6s
s4
= lim
2
s 0
1000 ( s + 4 s + 20) ( s 2 + 20 s + 15)
1+
s 3( s + 2) ( s + 10)
= lim
s 0
K 1 = 125 10 3
sR( s) - sD( s) G2 ( s)
1 + G1 ( s) G2 ( s)
K 2 ( s + 3)
s( s + 3)( s + 4) + K 1 K 2 ( s + 2)
s 0
2
3
100
-49
2
=
=
1 100
11
1+
5
2
maximum
K2
s( s + 4)
TD( s) =
K 1 K 2 ( s + 2)
1+
s( s + 4)( s + 3)
If D( s) =
20. (C) If R ( s) = 0
1
1
1+ 2
( s + s + 2) ( s + 1)
1-
ess
19. (D)
G1 ( s) =
where
s
s
6
1000 ( s 2 + 4 s + 20) ( s 2 + 20 s + 15)
s +
( s + 2) ( s + 10)
3
6
0+
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1000 20 15
2 10
= 4 10 -4
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Time Response
10 4 =
a=4
1
=
K v = 0, ess =
Kv
60
= 10
1 + Kp
T( s) =
ess =
30 2
= 0.9375
64
G( s)
Ka
=
1 + G( s) 0.5 s 2 + s(1 + K t ) + K a
2K a
s 2 + 2 s(1 + K t ) + 2 K a
w2n = 2 K a wn =
ess =
1
1
s2
= lim
=
= 0.2
s 0
5
5
1+
s(0.5 s + 1 )
s
ess
5
1
, H ( s) = 1, R( s) = 2
s(0.5 s + 1)
s
G( s) =
s 0
Chap 6.3
2K a
2 x wn = 2(1 + K t )
Kt
x =1 +
= 0.7
2K a
37
= 0.0607
Kv
ess = lim
s 0
G( s) R( s)
1 + G ( s)
R( s)
1 + G( s)
... (i)
sR( s)
1
, R ( s) = 2
1 + Ge ( s)
s
1
1 + Kt
=
Ka
Ka
s 1 +
s(0.5 s + 1 + K t )
1 + Kt
=
= 0. 2
Ka
ess = lim
s 0
1 2
s+2
+
=
s s2
s2
s+2
E( s) =
10( s + 1)
s2 +
( s + 2)
R( s) =
ess
...(ii)
.
K t = 39
t2
1
would be
.
would be zero and due to
2
Ka
K a = lim s 2 G( s) = 10,
ess ( t) =
s 0
1
= 0.1
10
ess =
8
= 2.
1 + Kp
sR( s)
1 + G( s)
transfer function is
Ge =
1
1
ess ( t) =
=
= 0.1
1 + Kp 1 + K
K = 9.
s 0
When K t = 0 and K a = 5
10 ( s + 10 )
s (s + 2 )
10 ( s + 10 )( s + 3)
s (s + 2 )
10( s + 10)
11s + 132 s + 300
2
G( s)
=
1 + G( s) H ( s) - G( s) 1 +
s 0
sR( s)
1 + G( s) H ( s)
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351
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
6.5
FREQUENCY-DOMAIN ANALYSIS
Kw2n
2
s + 2 xwn s + w2n
dB
B
40 dB
30 dB
P6.5.12.
20 dB
10 dB
|T( jw )|
-270o
2.5
-225o
-135
-90o
-45o
-20 dB
-30 dB
1.0
w
wn
Fig. P6.5.4
Fig. P6.5.1-2
(B) 2
(D)
(A) D, C, B, A
(B) A, B, C, D
(C) B, C, A, D
(D) A, D, B, C
|G ( jw)|
G ( jw)
(A) 0.6
(B) 0.2
8.5
-119
(C) 1.8
(D) 2.4
6.4
-128
4.8
-142
2.56
-156
1.4
-164
1.00
-172
10
0.63
-180
1
s( s + 1)( s + 0.5)
(D) 2 rad/sec
Fig. P6.5.5
Page
362
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unity
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Frequency-Domain Analysis
Chap 6.5
are
(A) 2 dB, 8
(C) 4 dB, 8
G( s) =
2
is
( s + 1)( s + 2)
(A) 1.76 dB
(B) 3.5 dB
(C) -3.5 dB
(D) -1.76 dB
G( s) H ( s) =
P6.5.67.
dB
w=2
2 dB
G( jw)
w = 10
-2 dB
(A) 6 rad/sec
w = 100
o
-270
-180
G( s) =
-140
-90
Fig. P6.5.6-7
1+ s
s(1 + 0.5 s)
(A) 0 and 2
(B) 0 and 1
(A) -2 dB, 40
(B) 2 dB, 40
(C) 0 and -1
(D) 1 and 2
respectively
frequency is
(A) 2
1
2
1
3
(D) 3
G( s) H ( s) =
(1 - s)
is
(1 + s)( 3 + s)
(A) 68.3
(B) 90
(C) 0
(D)
(A) -120
(B) 60
(C) -60
(D) 120
K
1
; K <
s( sT + 1)
T
K
s(0.2 s + 1)(0.05 s + 1)
dB
-20 dB/dec
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) 2.5
dB
-40 dB/dec
-40 dB/dec
0 dB
0.1
T
1
T
(A)
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0 dB
0.1
T
1
T
(B)
Page
363
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 6
dB
dB
-20 dB/dec
(A)
100
s + 10
(B)
(C)
1
s + 10
-20 dB/dec
0 dB
1
T
0.1
T
0 dB
1
T
0.1
T
10
s + 10
-40 dB/dec
(D)
32
-20 dB/dec
dB
54 dB
-40 dB/dec
-20 dB/dec
w1
0.1
-60 dB/dec
w2
10
-40 dB/dec
-40 dB/dec
-60 dB/dec
0.1
25
(C)
Fig. P6.5.16
50( s + 5)
(A) 2
s ( s + 2)( s + 25)
(C)
10 s 2 ( s + 5)
( s + 2)( s + 25)
Fig. P6.5.19
8 s( s + 2)
(A)
( s + 5)( s + 10)
(B)
20( s + 5)
s 2 ( s + 2)( s + 25)
(D)
20( s + 5)
s( s + 2)( s + 25)
4( s + 2)
s( s + 5)( s + 10)
(B)
4( s + 5)
( s + 2)( s + 10)
(D)
8 s( s + 5)
( s + 2)( s + 10)
17. For the Bode plot shown in fig. P6.5.17 the transfer
-60 dB/dec
function is
40 dB/dec
dB
4
-4
100
( s + 4)( s + 10)
100 s 2
(1 + 0.1s) 3
(B)
1000 s 2
(1 + 0.1s) 3
100 s 2
(1 + 0.1s) 5
(D)
1000 s 2
(1 + 0.1s) 5
-2
0
de
B/
dB
/
0d
(C)
Fig. P6.5.20
(A)
(B)
100( s + 4)
s( s + 10) 2
(C)
(D)
100
s ( s + 4)( s + 10)
Fig. P6.5.17
100 s
(A)
( s + 4)( s + 10) 2
w = 10
10
de
c
0 dB
dB
system is
dB
-20 dB/dec
20 dB
-20 dB/dec
1
T
Page
364
Fig. P6.5.21-22
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-45
10
T
/d
Fig. P6.5.18
0.1
T
ec
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 6
Im
Im
2
w= 0
w=
Re
w= 0
w=
Re
dB
32 dB
0 dB
(A)
-20 dB/dec
18 dB
-40 dB/dec
w1
0.1
(B)
Im
Im
2
Fig. P6.5.29-30
Re
w= 0
w=
w= 0
w=
Re
(B) 0.2
(C) 0
(D)
(C)
(D)
function is
(A) 0.063
(B) 0.179
(C) 0.483
(D) 0.639
G( s) =
K
s( s 2 + 2 s + 2)
Im
Im
(C) zero
(D) infinity
w=
Re
Re
w=
w= 0
K
s(1 + sT1 )(1 + sT2 )(1 + sT3)
w= 0
(A)
(B)
Im
(A) -90
(B) 90
(C) 180
(D) -45
Im
w=
Re
Re
w=
w= 0
w= 0
(A) s = -0.05
(B) s = -0.2
(C) s = -0.1
(D) s = -0.01
(C)
s+2
( s + 1)( s - 1)
G( s) H ( s) =
K (1 + s) 2
s3
Page
366
(D)
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Frequency-Domain Analysis
Chap 6.5
Im
Im
Im
w= 0
w= 0
Re
w=
10.64
Re
w=
w=
Re
w= 0
(A)
(B)
Im
Im
Fig. P6.5.38
w=
Re
Re
(C)
(B) 1
(C) 2
D) 4
w= 0
w= 0
(A) 0
(D)
control system is
37. For the certain unity feedback system
G( s) H ( s) =
K
G( s) =
s( s + 1)(2 s + 1)( 3s + 1)
-1
2 s(1 - 20 s)
Im
Im
Im
Im
w= 0
w= 0
w=
w=
Re
Re
w=
Re
Re
w=
w= 0
w= 0
(A)
(A)
(B)
Im
(B)
Im
Im
Im
w=
w=
Re
Re
w=
Re
Re
w=
w= 0
w= 0
w= 0
w= 0
(C)
(C)
(D)
(D)
G( s) H ( s) =
4s + 1
s ( s + 1)(2 s + 1)
2
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367
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 6
Im
(B) 1 and 3
(C) only 2
-2
3
Im
w=
-3
2
Re
w=
Re
(D) All
w= 0
w= 0
(C)
(D)
K (1 + s)
(1 - s)
G( s) H ( s) =
Im
Im
w= 0
Re
w=
w= 0
(A)
Re
(B)
****************
Im
Im
w=
w= 0
Re
w=
w= 0
(C)
Re
(D)
(B) K < 1
(D) unstable
1
s(2 s + 1)( s + 1)
Im
w=
w= 0
2
3
w=
(A)
Page
368
Re
3
2
w= 0
Re
(B)
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Frequency-Domain Analysis
SOLUTIONS
1. (A) T( s) =
w =10 rad/sec.
Kw2n
s + 2 xwn s + w2n
margin is .
Kw2n
T( jw) =
-w2 + 2 jxwn w + w2n
|T( jw)|
K w
( w - w ) + 4 x2 w2n w2
2
2
n
4
n
2 2
|T( j0)|
K 2 wn4
= K2 =1
wn4
w = wn
K w
K2
|T( jwn )| = 2 = 2
4x w
4x
2
x=
4
n
4
n
. = 35
. dB
= 15
GH ( jw) = -180
GH ( jw) =
K
jw(1 + 2 jw)(1 + 3 jw)
tan -1 2 w + tan -1 w = 90
2w + w
= tan 90 =
1 - (2 w)( w)
2
-1
w=
1
2
-1
1 - (2 w) w = 0
KT1 T2
(2)(0.5)
Gain Margin =
= 1 + 0.5
+
T
T
2
1
1
jw( jw + 1)(0.5 + jw)
a = 0.04
K
|T( jwn )| = = 2.5
2x
K
= 0.2
5
K =1
w2n - w2 = 0
Chap 6.5
1 - 6 w2p = 0
= 0.707 rad/sec
12. (D) G( s) =
4. (B) For a stable system gain at 180 phase must be
wp = 0.41 rad/s
s+1
s+1
=
s(1 + 0.5 s)
s
s + 1
2
1
1
= =2
GH ( jwp) 1 2
in dB < 0.
Page
369
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Frequency-Domain Analysis
Chap 6.5
GH ( jw) = - tan -1
GH ( jw) =
K = 2,
w (2 - w2 ) 2 + 4 w2
At w = 0,
28. (B) The system is type 0,
At w =
1
1
.
20 log K p = 40, K p = 100, estep ( ) =
=
1 + K p 101
At w = 1,
-20 dB/dec
0.5
0.1
1.4
K
2 18
- 206.6 ,
correct option.
4
Fig.S6.5.29
K v = 4, eramp ( ) =
GH ( jw) = 0 - 270 ,
K
GH ( jw) =
- 153.43,
5
-40 dB/dec
18 dB
0 dB
GH ( jw) = - 90 ,
At w = 2, GH ( jw) =
2w
- 90
2 - w2
K
K (1 + w2 )
w3
|GH( jw)| =
1
1
= = 0.25
Kv 4
K (1 + jw) 2
( jw) 3
0.5
w
30. (B) From fig. S6.5.29 x = 2 =
= 0.179
2 w3 2(1.4)
31. (A) If Nyquist plot encloses the point ( -1, j0), the
K
32.(A) GH ( jw) =
jw(1 + jwT1 )(1 + jwT2 ) (1 + jwT2 )
K
K
lim GH ( jw) = lim
= lim
- 90
w 0
w 0
jw w 0 w
For w = 0, GH ( jw) = - 90 ,
K
1 + w2 1 + 4 w2 1 + 9 w2
1
= 20
GH ( jw)
1
= 10
GH ( jw)
N = P - Z,
GH ( jw) = 0.1
s+2
34. (B) GH ( s) = 2
( s - 1)
39. (B) G( s) H ( s) =
jw + 2
GH ( jw) =
( -1 - w2 )
GH ( jw) =
At w = 0 ,
GH ( jw) = 2 - 180
At w = ,
GH ( jw) = 0 - 270
K
jw( -w + 2 jw + 2)
2
1
2 w 1 + 400 w2
-20 w
,
1
At w = 0 GH ( jw) = 90
At w = GH ( jw) = 0 180
At w = 0.1 GH ( jw) = 2.24 153.43
At w = 0.01 GH ( jw) = 49 9115
.
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371
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 6
Im
Re
-1 wp
system is unstable.
w1
Phase Margin
1 + w2
=K
Fig.S6.5.44
w (1 + w ) (1 + 4 w ) = 1
2
1
-w
1
At w = 2 GH ( jw) = K127 ,
w 0
H ( s) = 1
(D).
***************
1
jw(2 jw + 1)( jw + 1)
w 0
1
= - 90
jw
1
= 0 - 270
2( jw) 3
1
2
1 -2
GH j
=
2 3
1
2
3
= 352
. dB.
2
1
s(2 s + 1)( s + 1)
2
3
GH ( jw) =
|GH( jwp)| =
N =1
GH ( s) =
|GH( jwp)|
At w = GH ( jw) = K180 ,
1
,
s(2 s + 1)( s + 1)
At w = 1 GH ( jw) = K90 ,
44. (C) G( s) =
2
1
At w = 0 GH ( jw) = K0 ,
Z = 0, 0 = 1 - N
2
1
= 0.707 rad/sec.
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CHAPTER
6.6
DESIGN OF CONTROL SYSTEMS
List I
List II
P. Derivative control
(A) P controller
(B) PI controller
Q. Integral control
(C) PD controller
3. Less stable
S. Proportional control
4. More damping
1 + 0.5 s
represent a
1+ s
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(Controller)
List I
List II
P.
1. Pcontroller
Q.
2. PIcontroller
R.
K1s + K2
K 3s
3. PDcontroller
S.
K1
K 2s
4. PIDcontroller
(B) b and c
(C) b, c, and d
(D) all
(A)
5. Derivative control
(B)
(C)
(D)
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373
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 6
Control Systems
9.
The
pollzero
configuration
of
phaselead
compensator is given by
jw
(A)
jw
(B)
jw
(D)
jw
G( s) =
s
Ke - s TD
ts + 1
a -1
(C) tan
-1
a -1
a + 1
(D) cos
-1
(D) All
a -1
a + 1
of
(A) R, L and C elements
a -1
(B) sin -1
a + 1
(D) R only
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Chap 6.6
SOLUTIONS
jw
s
1. (A)
2. (D)
3. (A)
4. (D)
5. (B)
6. (D)
7. (A)
8. (B)
9. (A)
10. (B)
11. (C)
12. (B)
13. (C)
14. (D)
15. (C)
16. (D)
17. (C)
18. (D)
19. (D)
20. (D)
Fig. P6.6.18
21. (D)
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375
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
6.7
THE STATE-VARIABLE ANALYSIS
1
s
1
s
x3
1
s
x2
x1
-1
-2
-3
Fig. P6.7.1
For this
x& 1 3
(A) x& 2 = 0
x& 3 3
1 0
-2
(A) 0 -2 0
0 -3
0
2 -1 0
(B) 0 2 0
0 0 3
1 -2
2
(C) 0 -2
0
0
-3 0
0 -1 2
(D) 0 2 0
3 0 0
3.
5
1
s
1 0 x1 0
x& 1 0
(B) x& 2 = 0
0
1 x2 + 0 u
x& 3 -3 -2 -1 x3 1
-2
1
s
1
s
x2
x1
-2
1
x3
-3
x& 1 0 -1 0 x1 0
(C) x& 2 = 0 0 -1 x2 + 0 u
1 x3 1
x& 3 3 2
Fig. P6.7.3
1 0 -2
(A) 0 -2
0
0
-3 0
-1 0 2
(B) 0 2 0
3 0 0
0
1
-2
(C) 0 -2 0
0 -3
0
2 0 -1
(D) 0 2 0
3
0 0
matrix A.
4.
2.
1
s
x2
1
s
x1
1
u
-2
1
s
-2
x3
1
s
x3 1
1
s
x2
Fig. P6.7.4
Fig. P6.7.2
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1
s
-4
-3
-3
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376
x1 1
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 6.7
0 1 -4
(A) 1 0
0
0
-3 0
0 -1 4
(B) -1 0 0
3 0 0
8. The F( t ) is
cos 2 t sin 2 t
(A)
- sin 2 t cos 2 t
cos 2 t - sin 2 t
(B)
cos 2 t
sin 2 t
- 4 1 0
(C) 0 0
1
0 0 -3
4 - 1 0
(D) 0 0 -1
3
0 0
sin 2 t cos 2 t
(C)
- cos 2 t sin 2 t
sin 2 t - cos 2 t
(D)
sin 2 t
cos 2 t
9. The q( t ) is
(C) -1, - 1
-3 0
0
x& =
x + u
0 -3
1
The state-transition matrix F( t) is
-e -3t
(C)
0
e -3t
0
-e -3t
-e -3t
(B)
0
e -3t
e -3t
(D)
0
-e -3t
sin 2 t
(B)
cos 2 t
0.5(1 - cos 2 t)
(C)
0.5 sin 2 t
cos 2 t
(D)
sin 2 t
e -3t
(A)
0
0.5(1 - sin 2 t)
(A)
0.5 cos 2 t
matrices can be
-e - t
0
(A)
0
1
e- t
1 - e - t
(B)
0
e- t
1
(C)
-t
1 - e
1 - e - t
(D)
0
e- t
e- t
0
e - t
A= 0
0
1 , B = 0 , C = [1 0 0 ]
-1 -2 -3
1
-2 0
1
- sin 2 t cos 2 t
cos 2 t - sin 2 t
(B)
cos 2 t
sin 2 t
sin 2 t cos 2 t
(C)
- cos 2 t sin 2 t
sin 2 t - cos 2 t
(D)
sin 2 t
cos 2 t
U ( s) is
(A)
1
1
-s
s 3 + 3s 2 + 2 s - 1 2
s
(B)
(C)
1
1
-s
s 3 + 3s 2 + 2 s + 1 2
s
0
0 2
, B=
A =
1
-2 0
If x(0) is the initial state vector, and the
component of the input vector u( t) are all unit step
1
1
s
s 3 + 3s 2 + 2 s + 1 2
s
(A) s( s 3 + 3s 2 + 2 s + 1) -1
(B) s( s 3 + 3s 2 + 2 s - 1) -1
(C) ( s 3 + 3s 2 + 2 s + 1) -1
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Page
377
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 6
0 -2
0
(C)
( s + 1)
( s + 2) 2
(B)
s+1
s+2
( s + 2)
( s + 1)
18.
(C) s( s 2 + 3s + 2) -1
(D) ( s + 1) -1
1 0
0
10
x& = 0
0
1 x + 0 u, y = [1 0 0 ]x
-1 -2 -3
0
(A)
10(2 s 2 + 3s + 1)
s 3 + 3s 2 + 2 s + 1
(B)
10(2 s 2 + 3s + 1)
s 3 + 2 s 2 + 3s + 1
(C)
10(2 s 2 + 3s + 2)
s 3 + 3s 2 + 2 s + 1
(D)
10(2 s 2 + 3s + 2)
s 3 + 2 s 2 + 3s + 1
1
0
0 0
(C) x& =
0 0
20 10
0
0
0
0
x + r
0
1
0
1
7 100
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
x + r
(D) x& =
0
0
1
0
0
-20 -10 -7 -100
1
y = [100 0 0 0 ]x
19. A state-space representation of a system is given by
d c
d c
dc
c
= c& , x3 = 2 = &&c , x4 = 2 = &&&
dt
dt
dt
C( s)
24
= 3
R( s)
s + 9 s 2 + 26 s + 24
1
0 x1 0
x& 1 0
(A) x& 2 = 0
0
1 x2 + 0 r
x& 3 -24 -26 -9 x3 24
1 0 x1 0
x& 1 0
(B) x& 2 = 0 0 1 x2 + 0 r
x& 3 24 26 9 x3 24
Page
378
y = [100 0 0 0 ]x
17.
0
0
0
0 1 0
x +
r,
0 0
1
0
100
7 10 20
y = [1 0 0 0 ]x
x1 = c = y, x2 =
0
0
(A) x& =
0
100
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
x +
r
(B) x& =
0
0
1
0
0
-100 -7 -10 -20
100
C( s)
100
= 4
R( s)
s + 20 s 3 + 10 s2 + 7 s + 100
y = [1 0 0 0 ]x
-1 0
1
x& ( t) =
x( t) + u( t), y( t) = [1 1]x( t)
0 -2
1
(A) ( s 2 + 3s + 2) -1
x& 1 0 1 0 x1 0
(C) x& 2 = 0 0
1 x2 + 0 r
x& 3 9 26 24 x3 24
1
0 x1 0
x& 1 0
(D) x& 2 = 0
0
1 x2 + 0 r
x& 3 -9 -26 -24 x3 24
0 1
0
x& =
x, y = [1 - 1]x, and x(0) = 1
2
0
The time response of this system will be
3
(A) sin 2t
(B)
sin 2 t
2
(C) -
1
2
(D)
sin 2 t
3 sin 2 t
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 6
-4 -2
-5
1
1 -5
-1
0
estep ( )
eramp ( )
(A) 1.0976
1
u
(B) 1.0976
(C) 0
1.0976
(D)
1.0976
0.714
(B)
0.714
(C) 0
4.86
(D)
4.86
x2
1
s
-1
1
s
-10
x3
40
4
10 -20
1 -2
10
10 -10
(C) -10
0
20
10 -20 -40
-2
10
Fig. P6.7.34-36
x1
-2
1
s
1
s
10
eramp ( )
(A) 0
x2
-1
1 0
0
0
30. x& = -5 -9 7 x + 0 r, y = [1 0 0 ]x
-1 0 0
1
estep ( )
x1
1 -1
0
(D) 1 6 -1
1 -4 -4
40
4
10 -10
1 -2
10
10 -10
(C) -10
0
20
10 -10 -40
1 2
0
(D) 1 -1 1
1 -2 4
-5
-6
Fig. P6.7.31-33
4
0 1
-2
1 0
(C)
0 -1
1 2
(D)
-2 -4
0
1
4
-2
1 0
(C)
0 -1
1
s x2
1
s
x1
-5
Fig. P6.7.37-38
-21
4
1 2
(D)
-2 -4
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 6.7
v& -1 -1 v1 1
v
(B) &1 =
+ vi , iR = [ 4 1] 1
i3 -3 -1 i3 0
i3
1 x 0
x& 0
x
21 1 + u, y = [5 4 ] 1
(B) 1 =
5
&
x
1
x2
x2
4 2
v& 1 -3 v1 1
v
(C) 1 =
+ vi , iR = [1 4 ] 1
&
v2 1 6 v2 -1
v2
x
x& 0 -1 x 1
(C) 1 = 21 1 + u, y = [ 4 5 ] 1
5
x
1
x2
x& 2
4 2
v& 1 3 v1 1
v1
(D) 1 =
v + -1 vi , iR = [1 4 ]v
&
v
1
6
2
2
2
1 x 1
x& 0
x
21 1 + u, y = [ 4 5 ] 1
(D) 1 =
5
&
x
x
1
2
x2
4 2
iC
iL
iR2
1
2F
1W
is
1W
4H
vs
2W
Fig. P6.7.41-43
iC
iR
1F
Fig. P6.7.39
v& -0.25 1 vC 1
vC
(A) & C =
i + 0.25 vs , iR = [0.5 0 ] i
i
0
5
0
.
L
L
L
(A) iR1 , iR 2
(B) iL , iC
(C) vC , iL
-1 3
1 -3
(B)
-1 1
-1 3
(C)
1 -1
3 -1
(D)
-1 1
iL 0 -0.5 iL 0
iL
-1
(B)
3
-3
(C)
1
1
(D)
-3
L
L
L
v& 1 0.25 vC 0.25
v
(C) & C =
+
vs , iR = [0.5 0 ] C
iL 0 0.5 iL 0
iL
i1
1W
1H
v1
i3
v2
iR
i2
vi
1F
4vL
1W
Fig. P6.7.40
vi
v& 1 -1 v1 1
v
(A) &1 =
+ vi , iR = [ 4 1] 1
i3 -3 1 i1 0
i3
1W
i3
1W
i5
i2
i4
1H
1H
1W
1F
+
vo
-
Fig. P6.7.44-47
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Page
381
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 6
(B) i2 , i4 , vo
(C) i1 , i3
(D) i1 , i3 , i5
1
2
1
3 - 3 - 3
2
2
1
(B)
-
3
3
3
- 1 - 2 - 1
3
3
3
1
1
2
3 - 3 - 3
1
2
2
(C)
3
3
3
1
- 1 - 2
3
3
3
1
2
1
- 3 - 3
3
2
2
1
(D)
3
3
3
- 1 - 2 - 1
3
3
3
2
3
1
(B)
3
1
3
1
- 3
1
(C) -
3
1
3
2
3
1
(D)
3
2
3
(B) [1 0 0]
(C) [0 0 -1]
(D) [0 0 1]
SOLUTIONS
1. (B) From the SFG
x& 3 = -3 x1 - 2 x2
x
x2 = 3
s
x
x1 = 2
- x3 + u
x& 2 = x3
x& 1 = x2
-1
= s + 3
0
0
1
s + 3
e -3t
F( t ) = L-1 {( sI - A )} ==
0
************************
1
, |sI - A|=
3
( s + 3) 2
e -3t
s -2
2
7. (A) ( sI - A) =
, |sI - A|= s + 4
2 s
( sI - A)
-1
s
1 s 2 s2 + 4
= 2
=
s + 4 -2 s -2
s2 + 4
2
s2 + 4
s
2
s + 4
cos 2 t sin 2 t
F( t ) = L-1 {( sI - A )} =
- sin 2 t cos 2 t
s -2
2
8. (A) ( sI - A) =
, Ds =|sI - A|= s + 4
2 s
Page
382
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
( sI - A)
-1
s
1 s 2 s2 + 4
= 2
=
s + 4 -2 s -2
s2 + 4
1
1
15. (D) T( s) = ( sI - A) -1
0
1
2
s + 4
s
2
s + 4
2
( sI - A)
cos 2 t sin 2 t
F( t ) = L-1 {( sI - A )} =
- sin 2 t cos 2 t
1 s 2 0 1 1
2
1
-1
= L-1 2
=L 2
s + 4 -2 s 1 1 s
s( s + 4) s
2
s( s 2 + 4)
1
2
( s + 4)
11. (C) ( sI - A) = 0 s
-1
1 2 s + 3
|sI - A| = s3 + 3s2 + 2 s + 1,
12. (B)
s 3 + 3s + 2
s+3
1 0
1
s( s + 3) s 0
= 3
-1
s + 3s 2 + 2 s + 1
2
-s
-2 s - 1 s 1
1
1
s
= 3
s + 3s 2 + 2 s + 1 2
s
13. (C)
Y ( s) CX ( s)
=
U ( s)
U ( s)
s 3 + 3s 2 + 2 s + 1
s
1
= [1 0 0 ] 3
= 3
2
2
s + 3s 2+ 2 s + 1 s + 3s + 2 s + 1
s
s 3 + 3s 2 + 2 s + 1
14. (D)
Y ( s)
= C ( sI - A) -1 B
U ( s)
B = [1 1]
1 0
s+2
1 s + 1
=
s + 1 1 ( s + 1) 2
Ds 0
= s + 1
0
0
1
s + 2
0 1
1
=
1 0 s + 1
s + 2
0.5(1 - cos 2 t)
=
0.5 sin 2 t
-1
1
1 s + 1
T( s) =
1 0
= L-1
Chap 6.7
1 0
0
10
A = 0
0
1, B = 0 , C = [1 0 0 ], D = 0
-1 -2 -3
0
Y ( s)
T( s) =
= C ( sI - A ) -1 B + D
U ( s)
( sI - A)
-1
s 3 + 3s + 2
s+3
1
1
= 3
s
(
s
+
)
s
1
3
s + 3s 2 + 2 s + 1
-s
-2 s - 1 s 2
10(2 s 2 + 3s + 2)
s 3 + 3s 2 + 2 s + 1
17. (A)
C( s)
b0
24
=
=
R( s) s 3 + a2 s 2 + a1 s + a0 ( s 3 + 9 s 2 + 26 s + 24)
( s 3 + a2 s 2 + a1 s + a0 ) C( s) = b0 R( s)
Taking the inverse Laplace transform assuming zero
initial conditions
&&&
c + a2 &&c + a1 c& + a0 c = b0 r
x1 = c = y, x2 = c& , x3 = &&c
x& 1 = c& = x2 , x& 2 = &&c = x3
x& 3 = &&&
c = b0 r - a2 &&c - a1 c& - a0 c
= - a0 x1 - a1 x2 - a2 x3 + b0 r ,
1
0 x1 0
x& 1 0
x& = 0
0
1 x2 + 0 r
2
x& 3 -a0 -a1 -a1 x3 b0
a0 = 24 , a1 = 26, a2 = 9, b0 = 24
1
0 x1 0
x& 1 0
x& = 0
0
1 x2 + 0 r
2
x& 3 -24 -26 -9 x3 24
x1
y = [1 0 0 ] x2
x3
18. (B) Fourth order hence four state variable
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383
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 6
0
0
x& =
0
-a
0
1
0
0
1
-a1
-a 2
0
0
0
0
x = r, y = [1 0 0 0 ]x
1
0
-a 3
b0
a0 = 100, a1 = 7, a2 = 10,
a3 = 20 ,
b0 = 100
Y ( s) = [0 1] X ( s) =
sin 2 t
cos 2 t
F( t ) = L-1 {( sI - A)} =
2
- 2 sin 2 t cos 2 t
y( t) =
0 1
s + 2
Y ( s)
1
= [0 1]
s + 1 1
U ( s)
( s + 1)( s + 2) 2
|sI - A| = s
- 8 s - 11s + 8
-1
2 1 3
+ 2
1 1 s + 9
2 s + 4 s + 21s + 45
1
2
( s + 5)( s + 9) s 3 - 7 s 2 + 12 s - 7
3
1 1 -2 t
- e
2 2
-1
0.05 -0.05
-0.4
=
-1 -0.25 -0.25
-0.5
15
.
-2
-2 -
27. (A) estep ( ) = 1 + CA -1B, A -1 =
3
1
0
1
s( s + 2)
= 1 - 0.2 = 0.8
s = -5.79, - 121
.
-2
-3
s
22. (B) ( sI - A) = 0 s - 6 -5
-1 -4 s - 2
2
0 1
0 + 0 1
s
0 0
s( s + 2)
=
2
s ( s + 2)
1
s 2 ( s + 1)( s + 2)
15
.
-0.5 1
-2
-2 -1
21. (C) A =
,
-3 -5
X ( s) =
1 0
- 5
A= 0
-2 1,
20 -10 1
-1
s + 2
s+3
1
= [0 1]
=
( s + 1)( s + 2) s + 3 ( s + 1)( s + 3)
|sI - A| = s2 + 7 s + 7
1
1
- e - t + e -2 t
2
2
Y ( s) = [1 0 0 ],
Y ( s)
1
For (B) ,
=
U ( s) s - 2
For (C),
y( t) =
1
s( s + 1)( s + 2)
0
s + 2 -1
= 0
-1
s
0 s + 1
0
sin 2 t
1 1 1
0 + 1 s
sin 2 t
cos 2 t +
x( t) = F( t )x(0) =
2
- 2 sin 2 t + cos 2 t
3
0
s + 1
1
( s + 1)( s + 2) -1 s + 2
( s + 1)
s( s + 2)
=
s( s + 1)( s + 2)
0 1
1 s 1
19. (B) A =
, ( sI - A) -1 = 2
s + 2 -2 s
-2 0
y = x1 - x2 =
1 2
-2 - 0
estep ( ) = 1 + [1 1]
3 =1 - =
3 3
1
0 1
28. (C) eramp ( ) = lim [(1 + CA -1B) t + C( A -1 ) 2 B]
t
2
1 + CA -1B = ,
3
eramp ( ) = lim t + C( A -1 ) 2 B =
t 3
4 s 3 - 10 s 2 + 45 s - 105
Y ( s) = [1 2 ] X ( s) =
( s 2 + 5)( s 2 + 9)
24. (B) X ( s) = ( sI - A) -1 (x(0) + B u)
Page
384
1 -5
-1
0
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
-1
-1 1 0
A = 0 -1 0 , C = [10 - 10 10 ],
0 0 -2
0.134
0.122
-0.305
-1 1 0
CA = [10 - 10 10 ] 0 -1 0 = [10
0 0 -2
.
estep ( ) = 1 + 0.0976 = 10976
-1
-1 2
-1
0
0
30. (B) A -1 = 1
0
0
CA 2 = [10
0
-1 0
0
0
0 0 = 0
estep ( ) = 1 + [1 0 0 ] 1
1.286 0.143 -0.714 1
.
-0.143 0.714
-1286
0
0
-1
(A ) =
1
0
1
A =
, B=
-6 -5
-2
10
10 -10
det O M = det-10
0 -10 = -3000
40
10 -20
1 1 1 -2
0
-6 -5 -2 = -2
4
32. (A) y = x1 , y = [1 0 ]x ,
0 ], CA = [1
C 1 0
0 ] , OM =
=
CA 0 1
21
x2 + u , x& 1 = x2 , y = 5 x1 + 4 x2
4
1 x 0
x& 1 0
x1
1
x& = -5 - 21 x + 1 u, y = [5 4 ] x
2
2
4 2
C 5 4
38. (B) O M =
=
CA -20 1
-1 1 0
0
-1 1 0
0
&x = 0 -1 0 x + 1 u, A = 0 -1 0 , B = 1
0 0 -2
1
0 0 -2
1
1
0
21
CM = [B AB] =
1
4
-1 1 0 0 1
AB = 0 -1 0 1 = -1
0 0 -2 1 -2
-1 1 0 1 -2
A 2B = 0 -1 0 -1 = 1
0 0 -2 -2 4
1 -2
0
1
Cm = [B AB A B] = 1 -1
4
1 -2
2
40 ]
C = [1
-1 1 0
0 - 20 ] 0 -1 0 = [10 - 10
0 0 -2
1 -2
0
36. (A) det Cm = det 1 -1
1 = -1,
4
1 -2
1
CM = [B AB] =
-2
0 - 20 ]
10
C 10 -10
O M = CA = -10
0 -20
2
40
CA 10 -10
-1 2
1
0
1
x& =
x + u,
-6 -5
-2
Chap 6.7
10 ]x
dvc
di
v
= ic , L = L = 0.25 vL
dt
dt
4
L
L
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Page
385
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 6
iR =
v
iR = [0.5 0 ] C
iL
vC
= 0.5 vC ,
2
45. (A)
di2
di
dvo
= v2 , 4 = v4 ,
= i5
dt
dt
dt
i1
40. (B)
dv1
di
= i2 , 3 = vL
dt
dt
1W
vi
1W
v2 i3
v4 i5
i2
i4
1H
1H
1W
1F
+
vo
-
i2 = i1 - i3 = ( vi - v1 ) - i3 , i2 = - v1 - i3 + vi
vL = v1 - v2 = v1 - iR , = v1 - ( i3 + 4 v1 ) = -3v1 - i3
dv1
di
= - v1 - i3 + vi , 3 = - 3v1 - i3,
y = iR = 4 v1 + i3
dt
dt
v&1 -1 -1 v1 1
v1
i& = -3 -1 i + 0 vi , iR = [ 4 1] i
3
3
3
41. (C) Energy storage elements are capacitor and
inductor. vC and iL are available in differential form and
linearly independent. Hence vC and iL are suitable for
state-variable.
1 dvC
dvC
= iC
= 2 iC
2 dt
dt
1 diL
diL
= vL
= 2 vL
2 dt
dt
42. (B)
iC
iR1
is
1W
iL
+ vC 1
2F
vL
iR2
+
vR2
1W
4vL
Fig. S6.7.42
vL = vC + vR 2 = vC + iR2 , iC + 4 vL = iR 2
vL = vC + iC + 4 vL , -3vL = vC + iC
v
iC = is - iR1 - iL , iC = is - L - iL
1
...(i)
...(ii)
Fig. S6.7.45
-3vL = vC + is - vL - iL , 2vL = - vC + iL - is
dvC
di
= vC - 3iL + 3is , L = - vC + iL - is
dt
dt
v& C 1 -3 vC 3
i& = -1 1 i + -1 is
L
L
y = vo ,
i2
y = [0 0 1] = i4
vo
********
3
43. (A) B =
-1
44. (B) There are three energy storage elements, hence
3 variable. i2 , i4 and vo are available in differentiated
form hence these are state variable.
Page
386
2
3
1
46. (B) B =
3
1
3
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
Communication System
(A) 5046%
(C) 2.18%
(B) 10.57%
(D) 6.43%
x -x
e 400
200
f X ( x) =
0
2
0x
x <0
15. The probability that the system will not last a full
week is
(A) 0.01%
(B) 0.25%
(C) 0.40%
(D) 0.60%
sx
for X is
F(1.64) = 0.9495)
(A) T + 40 m and 50 m
(B) T + 40 m and 30 m
in year is
(C) T + 10 m and 50 m
(D) T + 30 m and 40 m
(A) 0.01%
(B) 0.05%
(C) 0.12%
(D) 0.22%
4.2
5
(B) Q
4.2
5
(C) 1 + Q
4.2
5
(D) 1 - Q
4.2
p
b
sanctuary
on
migratory
route,
(B)
1
x -a
cot-1
p
b
(C)
1 1
x -a
+ tan -1
2 p
b
(D)
1 1
x -a
+ cot-1
2 p
b
as
F(0.5) = 0.6915,
b/ p
b2 + ( x - a) 2
F(15
. ) = 0.8531,
F(155
. ) = 0.9394 and F(2.0) = 0.9773.
th
(A) 0.6687
(B) 0.8413
(C) 0.8531
(D) 0.9773
day ?
(B) 0.1123
(C) 0.0606
(D) 0.0732
Page
390
(A) 0.249
(B) 0.143
(C) 0.346
(D) 0.543
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(B) 0.459
(D) 0.135
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Random Variables
Chap 7.1
(A) 1/4
(B) 1/6
(C) 1/3
(D) 1/5
1 - w W0
e
fW ( w) = W0
0
w > 0
w < 0
(A) 1/10
(B) 3/80
(C) 5/16
(D) 3/16
(B) e -1
-1
(D) 1 - e
(A) 2
(B) 0.667
(C) 1.387
(D) 2.967
are
(A) 0, 81, 8
(B) - 6, 8, 89
(C) - 9, 89, 8
(A) 0.1847
(B) 0.2461
(C) 0.3927
(D) 0.4167
(B) 1.9
(C) 2.6
(D) 3.4
and Y has four elements (1, 1), (2, 2), ( 3, 3) and (4, 4).
Probabilities of these elements are 0.1, 0.35, 0.05 and
0.5 respectively.
23. How many weeds per year (average) can the Delhi
expect the number of murders per week to equal or
exceed the average number per week ?
(A) 15
(B) 20
(C) 25
(D) 30
(B) 0.50
(C) 0.55
(D) 0.60
(A) 0.45
(B) 0.50
(C) 0.55
(D) 0.60
(B) 4.35
(D) 1.42
1
f X ( x) = u( x) e 2
2
(B) 192
(C) 36
(D) 72
5 x + e- ( x + 1 ) y2
2
- e - y u( y), 0 x 4
x+1
4
FX , Y ( x, y) = 0
x < 0 or y < 0
1 -5 y 2 5 - y 2
- e ,
4 x and any y 0
1 + e
4
4
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391
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
x, > 0
0,
5 x
(A)
, -4< x4
4( x + 1)
1,
x -4
x <0
0,
5 x
(B)
, 0 x<4
4( x + 1)
1,
x4
x >0
1,
5 x
(C)
, - 4 < x 0
4( x + 1)
0,
x -4
x <0
1,
5 x
(D)
, 0 x<4
4( x + 1)
0,
x4
(A)
5
1
[ 4( x) - 4( x - 4)]
4 ( x + 1) 2
(B)
5
1
[ 4( x) - 4( x - 4)]
2 ( x + 1) 2
(C)
5
1
[ 4( x) - 4( x - 4)]
4 ( x + 1)
y >0
(A) [1 - e - y ]u( y)
y 0
(C)
y >0
0,
(B)
1 -5 y 2 5 - y 2
- e , y 0
1 + 4 e
4
5
4
(A) 0.001
(B) 0.002
(C) 0.003
(D) 0.004
5 x + e- ( x + 1 ) y2
2
- e - y ,
8
x+1
(C)
2
1 -5 y 2
- 5 e - y ],
1 + 4 [ e
(B)
5
2
y 2 [ e - y - e -5 y ]u( y)
(C)
5
4
y[ e - y - e -5 y ]u( y)
(D)
5
2
y[ e - y - e -5 y ]u( y)
Page
392
0 x 4 and y > 0
x > 4 and y > 0
0 x 4 and y > 0
x > 4 and y > 0
0 x 4 and y > 0
x > 4 and y > 0
5 x + e- ( x + 1 ) y2
2
- e - y ,
4
x+1
(D)
2
1 -5 y 2
- 5 e - y ],
1 + 2 [ e
0 x 4 and y > 0
x > 4 and y > 0
[1 - e - y ]u( y)
5 x + e- ( x + 1 ) y2
2
- e - y ,
8
x+1
(B)
2
1 -5 y 2
- 5 e - y ],
1 + 2 [ e
5
4
[1 - e - y ]u( y)
5 x + e- ( x + 1 ) y2
2
- e - y ,
4
x+1
(A)
2
1 -5 y 2
- 5 e - y ],
1 + 4 [ e
y <0
0,
(D)
1 -5 y 2 5 - y 2
- e , y 0
1 + 4 e
4
(A)
5
2
(B)
-5 - y 2
e ,
y <0
(C) 4
2
2
1 + 1 e -5 y - 5 e - y , y 0
4
4
5 u( x) - u( x - 4)
(C)
4
( x + 1) 2
Communication System
a p
x p
y
+ tan -1 + tan -1
2 2
2
2
3
4
p2
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(D)
8
p2
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Random Variables
and Y
(A)
a2
1 - e- a
(B)
(C)
1
1 - e- a
distribution function
0,
27
26
27
FX , Y ( x, y) =
26
27
26
1,
The
x < 0 or y < 0
y
,
x 1 27
y2
y 1 ,
27
Chap 7.1
a
1 - e- a
0 x < 1 and 1 y
Statement for Question 46-47 :
1 x and 0 y < 1
x2 y2
xy 1 27
1 x and 1 y
probability
of
the
is
event
(B) 0.24
(C) 0.69
(D) 1
(A) 0.1936
(B) 6.2964
(C) 0
(A) 0.2349
(B) 0.3168
(C) 0.4946
( x 2 + y2 )
2
u( x) u( y)
(A) 2 xe - x u( x)
(B) xe
x2
2
x
(C) xe - x u( x)
(A) zero
(C) 1/3
u( x)
(D) 2 xe 2 u( x)
1
2
ye - y u( y)
(C) ye
(B) ye - y u( y)
y2
2
(D)
u( y)
(B) 1/6
(D) 1/12
1
2
ye
fY ( y) = 24( y) e -2 y
The density of the sum W = X + Y is
y2
2
u( y)
(A)
10
6
[ e -2 w - e 5w ]u( w)
10
8
[ e -2 w - e 5w ]u( w)
((B)
(C)
10
13
[ e -2 w - e -5w ]u( w)
(D)
10
2
[ e -2 w - e -5w ]u( w)
variable Y is
y - b
(A) bf X
a
(C)
y - b
(B) af X
1 y - b
f X
a a
(D)
f X , Y ( x, y) = 24
0
else where
1 y - b
f X
b a
is
(A) 64
(B) 96
(C) 32
(D) 48
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393
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
Y is
f X , Y ( x, y) =
x 2 + y2
-
2 s2
2 ps2
(B) s
(C) 2s2
(D) 2s
have
Y = E[ Y ] = Y .
mean
They
X = E[ X ] = 2
values
have
33
11 27 1
1
, . 2 +
, and -3
2
4 2 2
3
(B)
33
11 11 1
1
, 2 +
, and -3
2
4 2 2
3
(C)
1 2
9 11 1
1
, 2 , and 3 33
4 2 2
3
(D)
1 2
9 11 1
1
, , 2 , and 3 33
4 2 2
3
W = ( X + 3Y ) 2 + 2 X + 3 is
(A)
and
Communication System
second
and
moments
(A) 98 + 3
(B) 98 - 3
(C) 49 - 3
(D) 49 + 3
variable W = 3 X - Y .
52. The mean value E[W ] is
(A) 2
(B) 4
(C) 8
(D) 25
(B) 49
(C) 97
(D) 0
(B) 45
(C) 49
(D) 54
f X , Y ( x, y) = 9
0
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Random Variables
= FX (900) + [1 - FX (1100)]
SOLUTION
900 - ax
= F
sx
x
2
-x
dx =
1
x e - x dx = 0.368
2 1
0
2. (C) P { -1 < X 2} = -1
=1 -
1 x
1
xe dx + xe - x dx
2
2
0
1100 - 1050
- F
. ) + 1 - F (125
. )
= F ( -375
40
= 1 - F ( 375
. ) + 1 - F (125
. )
l 3x
1 l 3b 1
Test 2: area must be 1 i.e.
dx =
- =1
4
4 3
3
0
b
4. (C)
T + 95.6 - ax
This occurs when
= 1.64
sx
1
ln 13
3
r( v) = 1
1
3
= 0.429
e 2 e2
Thus b =
1100 - ax
+ 1 - F
sx
900 - 1000
11000 - 1000
= F
+ 1 - F
40
40
1. (A) P { X > 1} = pX ( x) dx
=
Chap 7.1
=1 - F
1
1
4k = 1 k =
2
2
2
2
x r( x) dx = x
x
dx = 8
8
P ( A) = FX ( 3) - FX (1) = e
1
2
-e
6. (D) P ( B) = FX (2.5) = 1 - e
3
2
2 .5
2
P ( C) = FX (2.5) - FX (1) = e
-e
100
= 0.7135
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
2 .5
2
5
5
5
5
= 1 - F
+ 1 - F
= 2 1 - F
= 2Q
4
.
2
4
.
2
4
.
2
4.2
= 0.3200
20
20
Fraction
rejected
corresponds
...(ii)
= 0.3834
. - ax
T - 112
= 103
.
sx
x
x
-
1 5. (B) For x = 0, FX ( x) = e 2 dx = 1 - e 2 u( x)
0 2
...(i)
P { x T - 112
. } = 0.1515
( T - 112
. - ax )
( T - 112
. - ax )
=F
=1 - F
= 8485
sx
sx
kv v
Thus r( v) =
=
4
8
Mean Square Value =
= 0.9495
to
probability of rejection.
P {resistor rejected} = P { X < 900} + P { X < 1100}
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395
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
1
400
17 -3
= 52 1 e = 29.994 weeks
2
24. (B) E[ X ] = X = xi P ( xi )
= 0.0025 or 0.25 %
i =1
= 10
. (0.4) + 4(0.25) + 9(0.15) + 16(0.1) = 4.35
17. (C) FX =
Communication System
( u) du =
x
1 3 -2 1 6
xe =
= 48
2 (1 2) 4
0 2
25. (A) E[ g( X )] = E[ X 3 ] =
( b p) du
+ ( u - a) 2
2
xf X ( x) dx = x 3(1 - x) dx =
1
4
x -a
x -a
dv
b 1
v
=
tan -1
b2 + v 2 p b
b -
E[ X 2 ] =
1 1
x -a
+ tan -1
2 p
b
f X ( x) dx = x 2 3(1 - x) 2 dx =
0
s2x =
1 1
3
- =
10 4
80
P { x > 0} = 1 - P { x 3}
= 1 - P ( x = 0) - P ( x = 1) - P ( x = 2) - P ( x = 3)
So E[ Y ] = E[ g( Y )] =
2 0 21 2 2 2 3
19
=1 - e
+
+
+ = 1 - e -2
= 0.1429
0
!
2
!
2
!
3
!
3
-2
2
= 0.135
0!
1
20
X
3
g( X ) g
15
( x) dx = e
-5
x
5
1
dx
15 - ( -5)
15
x
-
1 1
-3
5
-5 e = [ e - e ] = 0.667
5
-5
E[ Y 2 ] = E[(2 X - 3) 2 ] = 4 X 2 - 12 X - 9
= 1 - 1 - e W0 = e -1
W0
s2Y = Y 2 - Y = 89 - 9 2 = 8
8
0 ! 11 2 ! 3 ! 4 !
30. (A) F
XY
-3
31. (B) P { X 30
. }= FX ( 30
. ) = FXY ( 30
. , )
= 0.1 + 0.35 + 0.05 = 0.5
32. (B) FX ( x) = FX , Y ( x, )
2
5x
5 x + e- ( x + 1 ) y
lim
- e - y u( y) =
y 4
x
+
4
(
x
+ 1)
1
32
17 -3
= 1 - e 1 + 3 +
= 1 - 2 e = 0.5768
2
-3
2
2
1
5
lim 1 + e -5 y - e - y = 1
y
4
4
1
10
3k
18. (B) Here f X ( x) = e -2 d( x - k)
k=0 k!
19. (D) P ( x = 0) = e -2
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
10
=
u( w)[ e -2 w - e -5w ]
3
y= 0 x = 0
y 2 f X , Y ( x, y) dx dy
51. (C) E[ g( X , Y ) ] =
x2 e
x2
2 s2
2 ps2
dx
R XY = XY = C XY + X Y = -
(x
+ y2 )
- y2
2 ps2
dy +
y2 e 2 s
2 ps2
r=
x 2 + y2
-
2
2s
2 ps2
- -
y2
2 s2
dy
dx dy
e2s
2 ps2
dx
variance s2 .
Thus E[ g( x, y)]= E[( x 2 + y 2 )]2s2
52. (A) E[W ] = E[ 3 X - Y ] = 3 X - Y = 6 - 4 = 2
53. (B) E[W 2 ] = E[( 3 X - Y ) 2 ] = E[9 X 2 - 6 XY + Y 2 ]
= 9 X 2 - 6 XY + Y 2 = 9 X 2 - 6 X Y + Y 2
= 9( 8) - 6(2)( 4) + 25 = 49
2
= W 2 - W = 49 - 4 = 45
- -
E[ X ] =
0 0
3 2
E[ Y ] =
0 0
3 2
f X , Y ( x, y) dxdy =
0 0
x2 y2
8
dx dy =
9
3
4
x y
dx dy =
9
3
x2 y
dx dy = 2
9
Since R XY =
8
4 8
= E[ X ] E[ Y ] = 2 = , we have X and Y
3
3 3
uncorrelated form
3
fY ( y) =
0
Page
398
xy
x
dy = , 0 < x < 2
9
2
xy
2y
, 0< y<3
dy =
9
9
we have f X ( x) fY ( y) =
1
2 3
1
1
1
(2) = 2
2
2
3
1
1 5
1
19
= 3 + 2 + + 6 2 + 9
= 98 - 3
3
2 2
2
2
3 2
= 3 + 2 X + X 2 + 6 XY + 9 Y 2
xy
and
-1/2 3
-1 2
C XY
=
=
s X sY ( 914 )( 11/2 )
3 33
57. (B) W = ( X + 3Y ) 2 + 2 X + 3
-x 2
55. (B) R XY =
and
5 1
9
- =
2 2
4
2
11
11
2
- (2) =
s2Y = Y 2 - Y =
2
2
x y
dx dy = 64
24
= f X ( x) fY ( y)
- -
4
f X , Y ( x, y)
statistically independent.
56. (C) s2X = X 2 - X =
50. (A) E [( XY ) 2 ] =
Thus
Communication System
xy
, 0 < x < 2 and 0 < y < 3
9
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are
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
7.2
RANDOM PROCESS
(A)
t0 A 2
T
(B)
(C)
2 t0 A 2
3T
(D) 0
X (t)
Fig. P7.2.1-4
0x<A
t0 A
4T
(B)
t0 A 2 t0
T
T
(C)
t0 A
T
2 t0
3 + T
(D)
t0 A 2
T
2 t0
3 + T
2
1 + 4 cos(12 t)
6 + t2
The X is
(A) 18
(C) 17
(B) 13
(D) 18 17
else where
R XX ( t, t + t) = 36 + 25 e -|t|.
Consider following statements :
1. X ( t) is first order stationary.
2. X ( t) has total average power of 36 W.
(C)
t0 A 2 t0
T 3 T
else where
T - 2 t0
2 T0
d( x) +
T
AT
t A
(A) 0
2T
(A)
0x<A
T - 2 t0 2 t0
+
[ u( x) - u( x - A)]
T
AT
2t
T + 2 t0
d( x) + 0
(C) T
AT
0
(D)
t0 A 2
3T
(B) 2, 3, and 4
(C) 2 and 3
(D) only 3
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399
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
Communication System
(A) 1
(B) 2.31
(C) 4.54
(D) 0
process is
(A) 1/2 & 1/3
random
process
(A)
is
defined
by
1
2 ps A
x2
2 s 2A
(B)
(C) 0
2 ps A e
x2
2 s 2A
(D) 1
8. The E[ Y ( t)] is
(A) E[ X ( t)]
(C) 1
and n = 0, 1, 2
14. The mean value E[ X ( t)] is
(A) 1/2
(B) 1/4
(C) 1
(D) 0
(B) 0
(C) A
(D) A 2/2
Fig.P7.2.10-11
(A) 2 NB
(B) pNB
(C) NB
D) D
50
and
autocorrelation
function
-|t|
20
-10
10
Fig. P7.2.17-19
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Random Process
Chap 7.2
(A) 50
(B)
50
(C) 20
(D)
20
(B)
10
(C) 50
(D)
50
power in X ( t) is
(A) 20
(B) 50
(A) A 2
(C) 70
(D) 30
(C)
(A) R XX ( t) = 6 u( t) e -3t
(C) R XY ( t) = 9(1 + 2 e 2 ) -1
sin( 3t)
(B) RYY ( t) = 5
3t
(D) None of the above
A2
1
4
(D) 1
w2
w + 16
2
w2
w2 + 25
w2
(D) 2
w + 16
(B)
w2
1 + w2 + jw2
(C) e - ( w -1 )
(B)
w2
- d( w)
w +1
(D)
w2
w + 3w2 + 3
(B) 24 da 2 (2 p)
e ( -6 t )
(C)
(1 + 3t 2 )
(D) 24d( t - t)
A2
1
2
(A)
ergodic has average power of 24 W and has no periodic
(B)
r XX ( w) = 1 + ( w / W ) 2
w < KW
w > KW
(A) W
tan + k
-1
k
(B) W
(C) W
tan -1 k
+1
k
(D)
(B) 0.44
(C) 0.55
(D) 0.66
(A) 0.16
(C) 0.32
(B) 0.29
(D) 0.49
w <W
w >W
k
-1
tan -1 k
(A)
(C)
2
3
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(B)
W2
3
(D)
W
2
Page
401
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
Communication System
(A) P
(B) 2P
(C) 3P
(D) 4P
e - Wt 0 < t
h( t) =
0 t <0
6w2
[1 + w 2 ] 3
(A) 1/4
(B) 3/8
(C) 5/8
(D) 1/2
(C)
W2
W2+ w2
2A
W
(C)
e - Wt sin( w0 t) 0 < t
h( t) =
0
t <0
A
(B)
W
A2
(D)
W
(A) 1
2A
W
(A)
Aw0
w + W2
(C)
2A
1
2
w0 w0 + W 2
X ( t) is
2
R XX ( t, t + t) = 12 e Yt cos 2 (24 t)
The R XX ( t) is
(A) 6 e -4 t
(C) 48 e
(B) 12 e -4 t
-4 t 2
(C) 3 + jw2
35.
The
4 e -3|t|
1 + w2
of jointly
wide
sense
- Wt
(B)
A
W + w2
(C)
A
W + jw
(D)
A
W - jw
1
128
(B)
1
64
(C)
3
128
(D)
1
32
(A)
impulse response h( t) = u( t) te - at
A response
Y ( t) = X ( t) - X ( t - t)
wt
2
where a > 0 is a
(C)
invariant
2
+W
1
+ W2
(D) 18d( w)
cross correlation
A
2 w0
6
6 + 7 w3
2
w0
A
(D)
2 w0 w02
(B)
2
0
(A)
(D) 0
wt
2
4 + at - a|t|
e
8a2
(D)
1 + at - a|t|
e
4 a3
1
3a 2
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Random Process
Chap 7.2
SOLUTION
3
49+ w 2
1.
(A)
Let
have
value
Now
e.
(B) 5/24
(C) 5/42
(D) 3/14
during
the
fraction
of
time ( T - 2 t0 ) / T.
FX ( x|= e) = [( T - 2 T0 ) / T} u( x).
For
Hence
0x<A
the
2t x
T - 2 t0
Thus FX ( x = e) =
u( x) + 0 , 0 x < A
T
AT
(A)
4 w2
( 49 + w2 ) 3
(B)
12 w2
( 49 + w2 ) 4
(C)
42 w3
( 49 + w2 ) 2
= 1,A x
= 0,x < 0
By differentiation
2t
T - 2 t0
f X ( x = e) =
d( x) + 0 , 0 x < A
AT
T
= 0 else where
f X , e ( x, e) = f X ( x = e) f( e)
(C) 25 nW/Hz
(D) 25 mW/Hz
2 T0
T - 2 t0
,0 x < A and 0 < e < T
=
d( x) +
2
AT 2
T
f X ( x) =
power spectrum r XX ( w) =
- w 2 /8
(C) 20.2
(D) 100.4
( x, e) de
X ,
2t
T - 2 t0
=
d( x) + 0 .0 x < A
AT
T
(A) 60.8
= 0 elsewhere.
xf
2. (B) E[ X ( t)] =
( x) dx
2t x
t A
T - 2t
- x T 0 d( x) dx + 0 AT0 dx = 0T
A
3. (C) E[ X 2 ( t)] =
(A) 2.5 10 -6
(B) 2.5 p 10 -6
(C) 5 10 -6
(D) p5 10 -6
2 t0 x 2 2 t0 A 2
=
3T
AT
0
f X ( x) dx =
2 t0 A 2 t02 A 2 t0 A 2
=
3T
T
T2
2 t0
3 - T
(A)
1
3
pW 2
(B)
(C)
1
6
pW 2
1
4
pW 2
|t|
************
Thus we get X = 18 or X= 18
www.gatehelp.com
Page
403
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
Communication System
So f X ( x) =
2 ps A
x2
2
2 sA
7. (B) R XX ( t, t + t) = E[ X ( t) X ( t + t)] = E[ A 2 ] = a 2 da =
0
X= E[ X ( t)] = E[ A ] = a da =
0
1
3
= E X [ X ( t)] cos( w0 t + q)
-X
If
both
and
t1
are
t2
in
the
same
interval
1
2
A A
- =0
2 2
1
dq = 0
2p
and E[ X ( t)] =
xf
( x) dx
only
=
9. (B) RYY ( t, t + t)
x 3 d( x - x ) + 3 d( x - x ) + 3 d( x - x )
1
1
[2 + 2 cos t + 3 sin t ]
3
N
w
rect
2
4 pb
component
2
lim R XX ( t) = X ,
We know that R X ( t) S X ( w)
W
w
sin(Wt) rect
p
2W
|t|
Thus X = 20
or
X = 20
Here W = 2pB
Hence R X ( t) =
2 pB N
sin (2pBt) = NB sinc (2pBt)
p 2
For
2 2
E[ Y 2 ] = E[ X ( t) dt X ( u) du]] = E[ X ( t) X ( u) du dt ]
(C)
Function
not
satisfy
0 0
2 2
2 2
0 0
0 0
= R XX ( t - u) dt du = [9 + 2 e -|t - u| ]dt du
2 2
Page
404
does
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( lt) 0 e - lt
0!
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
E[ Y ( t)] = A h( x)dx = A e - Wt dt =
So W = 2.5 p 106
A
W
38. (A) X = A
E[ Y ( t)] = Y = X h( t) dt = A e
H( w)
H (0)
XY
2 -8 t
*********
( t + x)h( x) dx
u( x)u( x + t)( tx + x ) e
= e - at
-2 ax
dx
RYY ( t) = e - at ( tx + x2 )e -2 ax dx =
0
1 + at - ax
e
4 a3
1
4a3
dw
1
3
3
r XX ( w) dw = 2 p - 49 + w2 = 14
2p -
F
43. (B)h2 = 49 t) t 2 e -7t
2
= H 2 ( w)
(7 + jw) 3
2
sYY ( w) = s XX ( w) = H1 ( w) H 2 ( w) =
12 w2
( 49 + w2 ) 4
N0 H (0) Wn
2p
2 p(0.1)
2
H (0) Wn
= 0.1
2 p(0.1)
(2) 2 2 p 2 106
2
1
r XX ( w) H ( w) dw
2 p -
w2
1
50 - 8
=
e
2p 4 8p
=
Page
406
200
=
p
w2
2 (u)
2 p( 4)
200
200
[ F (2) - F ( -2)] =
[2 F (2) - 1)] = 60.8
p
p
(8 ) dw
2
1
r XX ( w) H( w) dw
2 p -
1
6 10 -6 W 6 10 -6 W
-6
d
w
=
=
6
10
= 15
2 p -W
p
p
W
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dw
dw
pW
=
4
(
)
+
1
w
/W
2
2
0
3
39. (C)Y = X h( t) dt = 2 3t e dt =
128
0
-
40. (D) RYY ( t)=
Wn = H ( w) dwsince H(0) = 1 =
0
Aw
sin( w0 t) dt = 2 0 2
w0 + W
- Wt
Communication System
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
7.3
NOISE
Fig. P7.3.1
(A) 11.07
B) 18.23
(C) 56.48
(D) 97.38
(A) NB
(B 2 NB
(C) 2pNB
(D)
NB
p
(A) 1.38
(B) 6.8
(C) 4.33
(D) 10.43
(A) 2
(B) 0.5
(C) 0.2
(B) 8.4 mV
(C) 4.3 mV
(D) 12.6 mV
(C) 4 m V
(D) 16 10 -18 V
(C)
w2 + 10
w2 + 9
(B)
1
w + 10
2
6
, Sn ( w) = 6
9 + w2
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Page
407
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
8. The V will be
Communication System
(A) 2 R NN ( t R - t T )
(B) R NN ( t R - 2 t T )
(A) 4 dB
(B) 5 dB
(C) R NN ( t R - t T )
(D)
R NN ( t R - t T )
(C) 7 dB
(D) 9 dB
1
2
maximum ?
(A) t R
(B) 2t R
(C) 3t R
amplifier
cascade
if
the
attenuator's
temperature is 290 K ?
(A) 9 dB
(B) 10.4 dB
(C) 11.3 dB
(D) 13.3 dB
physical
(A)
T1 R1 + T2 R2
R1 + R2
(B)
T1 R1 + T2 R1
R1 + R2
(C)
T1 T2 ( R1 + R2 ) 2
( T1 + T2 ) R1 R2
(D)
( T1 + T2 ) R1 R2
T1 + T2 ( R1 + R2 ) 2
(A) 10.3 dB
(C) 14.9 dB
(B) 12.2 dB
(D) 17.6 dB
Ta = 180 K
(A) A
(B) B
amplifier is
(C) C
(A) 2520 K
(B) 2120 K
(C) 2710 K
(D) 1540 K
(A) 3.2 dB
(B) 6.4 dB
(C) 9.8 dB
(D) 11.9 dB
(A) 12
(B) 14
(C) 16
(D) 18
(A) 10
(C) 16
(A) 1.3 dB
(B) 2.2 dB
(C) 4.3 dB
(D) 5.3 dB
(B) 13
(D) 19
Page
408
(A) 1.34 dB
(B) 3.96 dB
temperature 225 K.
(C) 6.81 dB
www.gatehelp.com
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Noise
Chap 7.3
elements
Te 3 = 180 K.
(A) 58.33 K
(B) 69.41 K
(C) 83.90 K
(D) 98.39 K
(A) 420.5 K
(B) 320.5 K
(C) 220.5 K
(D) 10.5 K
27.
(A) 3
(B) 5
attenuator-receiver cascade is
(C) 7
(D) 9
(A) 13.67 d
(B) 11.4 dB
(C) 1.4 dB
(D) 1.367 dB
The
average
operating
noise
figure
of
the
Amplifier
Available Power
Gain
110 K
120 K
150 K
12
(B) 8.9 mW
(C) 10.3 mV
(D) 11.4 mV
(A) 63 K
(B) 149 K
(C) 263 K
(D) 249 K
(A) ABC
(B) CBA
(C) ACB
(D) BAC
(B) 215 K
(C) 235 K
(D) 255 K
figure of 5.
30. The T e is
(A) 70 K
(B) 110 K
(C) 149 K
(D) 240 K
(A) 0.46
(B) 0.94
temperature Ts . The Ts is
(C) 1.83
(D) 2.93
(A) 156.32 K
(B) 100.81 K
(C) 48.93 K
30 K ?
(A) 9.54 dB
(B) 10.96 dB
(C) 11.23 dB
(D) 12.96 dB
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Page
409
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
Communication System
(A) 1 / W
(B) 2.5 / W
(C) 4.5 / W
(D) 6 / W
(A) 125 K
(B) 156 K
(A) 0.15 mW
(B) 0.35 mW
(C) 256 K
(D) 292 K
(C) 0.55 mW
(D) 0.95 mW
the W must be
w2
50 - 8
r XX ( w) =
e
8p
(C)
211
p
(D)
191
p
correct statement is
(A) S1
(B) S2
(D) None
8
10 + jw
H( w) =
) . The T
2
for this
source is
(A) 10 K
(B) 20 K
(C) 30 K
(D) 40 K
w
1+
W
pW
2
(B)
pW
2
- Wt
e
e<t
h=
t
<0
0
(C) 125
. 108 W/Hz
(D) 125
. 10 -8 W/Hz
Page
410
www.gatehelp.com
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Noise
Chap 7.3
SOLUTION
fc + B
1. (B) n2 = 2
fc + B
N
df = 2 NB
2
2. (A) NF =
100/10
S/N
i
i
=
=2
2/0.4
So/N o
is
(A) 812 K
(B) 600 K
(C) 421 K
(D) 321 K
vnrms = 1.8m V
4. (B) vn2 = 4kTBR,
(B) 7.98
(C) 11.15
(D) 16.23
(B) 4 1012
(C) 8 1012
(D) 11 1012
F2 = 20 dB = 100
A1 = 15 dB = 31.62,
100 - 1
F -1
.
= 7.94 +
= 1107
F = F1 + 2
31.62
A
6. (C) Gain of each stage A1 = A2 = A3 = 10 dB
Noise figure of each stage
F1 = F2 = F3 = 6 dB or F1 = F2 = F3 = 4 db
F - 1 F3 - 1
4 -1 4 -1
+
=4+
+
= 4.33
F = F1 + 2
A1
A1 A2
10
100
7. (B) H op ( w) =
8. (C) V =
1
2T
Sm ( w)
=
Sm ( w) + Sm ( w)
6
9+ w 2
6
9+ w 2
+6
1
10 + w2
n( t - t
)n( t - t R ) dt
-T
V = lim
n( t - t
)n( t - t R ) dt = A[ n( t - t T ) n( t - t R )]
-T
Since N ( t) is ergodic,
V R NN ( t R - t T )
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T R + T2 R1
R = 1 2
R1 + R2
Page
411
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
6 G 2 - 25 G - 25 = 0 or G = 5
23. (A) Sequence Te
120 150
ABC110 +
+
= 146.25
4
4( 6)
Te 2 Te 3
+
G1
G2
450 1000
250 = 200 +
+
G1
5 G2
14. (D) F0 = 1 +
Te
1540
=1 +
= 9.56 or 9.8 dB
Ta
180
or
Communication System
ACB110 +
G1 = 13
150
120
+
= 150.00
4
4(12)
BAC 120 +
Ts
225
( Fop - 1) = 1 +
(10 - 1)
T0
290
CBA150 +
110 150
+
= 144.583 Best
6
6( 4)
120
110
+
= 161528
.
12
(12)( 6)
= 7.98 or 9.0 dB
24. (A) Te = T0 ( F - 1) 290(17
. - 1) = 203 K
Te 2
T ( F - 1)
= TL ( L - 1) + 0 0
G1
1/ L
Ts =
4544.4
= 212
. or 13.3 dB
Fop = 1 +
225
16. (B) F0 = 1 +
T0 ( F0 - 1) 290(1585
- 1)
.
=
= 48.93 K
4.467 - 1
F op - 1
4544.4
= 16.67 or 12.2 dB
290
TR =
= 320.5 K
27. (B) F op = 1 +
. - 1) = 364.2 K
TeB = 290( 398
For C: Fo = 6.3(or 8 dB) when Ts = 190 K
TeC = 190( 6.3 - 1) = 1007 K, (B) is better as TeB is less.
18. (A) Te = Te1 +
Te1
Te 3
+
G1 G1 G2
Te 3
G2 =
G1 ( Te - Te1 -
600
=
Te 2
) 10(190 - 150 G1
19. (B) F0 = 1 +
350
10
N clo =
= 12
1
1
Te 2
Te 3
= Te1 1 +
+ 2
+
G
G
G1
G1 G2
Page
412
-5
or 6.51 mW
.
= 651110
dw
dw
= kTs
2p
2p
Thus Ts = Ta + TL ( L - 1)
= 60 + 275(1738
.
- 1) = 263 K
T
Te 3
100 280
21. (A) Te = Te1 + e 2 +
= 40 +
+
= 58.33 K
G1
G1 G2
8
8( 6)
= 13.67 or 11.4 dB
T
190
20. (C) Fop = 1 + e = 1 +
= 4.8 or 6.81 dB
Ts
50
Te
T sys - Ta
820 - 60
=1 +
=1 +
60
Ts
Ts
Te
190
=1 +
= 1.655 or 2.19 dB
T0
290
We know that
Te
240
=1 +
= 1.8276
290
290
32. (A) F op = 1 +
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Te
240
=1 +
= 9 or 9.54 dB
30
Ts
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
7.4
AMPLITUDE MODULATION
(B) 4
(D) 10
(B) 204 W
(D) 416 W
AM
signal
has
(C) 6.42 kW
(A) 0.68
(B) 0.73
(C) 0.89
(B) 8 W
(D) 2 W
(B) 31.12 kW
(A) 12.12 kW
the
form
(A) 5 kW
(B) 8.46 kW
fc = 10 5 Hz.
(C) 12.5 kW
(D) 6.25 kW
(A)
201
400
(B) - 201
400
(C)
199
400
(D) - 199
400
where
43
226
(C)
26
226
(B)
26
226
(D)
43
224
(A) 2.23 kW
(B) 2.36 kW
(C) 1.18 kW
(D) 1.26 kW
(A) 3.62 kW
(C) 1.4 kW
(A) 1.0
(C) 0.5
Page
414
(B) 2.81 kW
(D) None of the above
www.gatehelp.com
(B) 0.7
(D) 0.35
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Amplitude Modulation
Chap 7.4
(A) 50%
(B) 66%
(C) 75%
(D) 100%
(B) 12.5 kW
(C) 15 kW
(D) 17 kW
(B) 50%
(D) 100%
(C) 2
(B)
1
2
(D)
1
4
fc
(B) 0.628
(D) None of the above
M ( f ) of a signal m( t) is
meaning that -1 m( t) 1
M( f)
(B) 20 m sec
(D) 1 m sec
-10000
(B) 82.5 kW
(C) 3.3 kW
(D) 6.6 kW
10000
Fig.P7.4.23-26
(C) 20 kHz
(A) 5 kHz
(B) 10 kHz
(C) 20 kHz
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Page
415
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
(B) 10 kHz
(C) 20 kHz
m(t)
Communication System
y(t)
Filter
AM Signal
cos wct
Fig.P7.4.30-31
(A) 5 kHz
(B) 10 kHz
(C) 20 kHz
(multiplied)
with
local
carrier
p out
pu
is
(B) cos q
(D)
cos 2 q
(B) 0.333
(C) 0.5
(D) 3.0
b
Am
a
(D)
-K1
Fig.P7.4.32
(C)
1
2
(A) 51 %
(B) 11.8 %
(C) 5.1 %
(B) 10 %
45
(C) 20 %
(D) 33.33 %
30
15
Fig.P7.4.33-36
(B) 0.6
(C) 0.4
(D) 0.8
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Amplitude Modulation
Chap 7.4
(A) 8.3 %
(B) 14.28 %
(C) 7.69 %
(A) 60 W
(B) 450 W
(C) 30 W
(D) 900 W
(B) 42.5 W
(C) 56 W
(D) 37.5 W
y( t) = 4 x( t) + 10 x( t).
S
m(t)
y(t)
Filter
AM Signal
(A) 5 10 3 and 9 10 3
(B) 5.991 106 , 5.995 106 , 6.005 106 and 6.009 106
(C) 4 10 3, 1.4 10 4
(D) 1 10 , 11
. 10 , 3 10 , and 15
. 10
6
(B) 0.02
(C) 0.03
(D) 0.04
Fig. P7.4.42-43
(A) 0.32
(B) 0.26
(C) 0.52
(D) 0.16
(A) fc > W
(B) fc > 2W
(C) fc 3W
(D) fc > 4W
(B) 50, 10
carrier is Ac = 100.
$ ( t) is
40. The signal m
(A) - sin(2 p1000 t) - 2 cos(2000 pt)
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Page
417
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
Communication System
49. In fig.P7.4.49
m( t) =
2 sin 2 pt
sin 199pt
, s( t) = cos 200 pt and n( t) =
t
t
Multiplier
LPF
1 Hz
y(t)
s(t)
n(t)
Fig.P7.4.49
Multiplier
|H(jw)|=1
s(t)
Adder
m(t)
Fig.P7.4.46
(B)
sin 2 pt sin pt
+
cos 3pt
t
t
(C)
(D)
sin 2 pt sin pt
+
cos 0.75 pt
t
t
(B) 61 kHz
(D) 81 kHz
(C) 71 kHz
(C) R = 3, I = 1600
(A) 2 y( t)
x(t)
HPF
10 kHz
Balanced
Modulator
Balanced
Modulator
10 kHz
13 kHz
X(f )
-3
-1
Fig.P7.4.48
f (kHz)
y(t)
(C)
1
2
y( t)
(B) y( t)
(D) 0
(B)
(D) 0
sin 200 pt
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Amplitude Modulation
(B) 66 dB
(C) 56 dB
(D) 33 dB
Chap 7.4
SOLUTION
1. (C) u( t) = (20 + 4 sin 500 pt) cos(2 p 10 5 t) V
= 20(1 + 0.2 sin 500 pt) cos(2 p 10 5 t) V,
a = 0.2
2. (B) Pc =
(B) 12.5
(C) 6.25
(D) 3.125
25
2 N0 B
(D)
4. (B) x( t)
= [20 + 2 cos(2 p1500 t) + 10 cos(2 p3000 t)]cos(2 pfc t)
1
1
= 20 1 +
cos(2 p1500 t) + cos(2 p3000 t) cos(2 pfc t)
10
2
25
N0 B
(A) 108
(B) 2 108
(C) 10 2
(D) 2 10 2
(B) 4 10 2
(C) 2 10 3
(D) 4 10 3
*************
= 204 W
(0.2) 2
Pt = Pc 1 +
2
20 2
= 200 W,
2
0.9 2
a2
6. (B) Pt = Pc 1 +
= 2000 1 +
= 2810 W
2
2
a2
7. (A) Pt = Pc 1 +
Pc = 37.88 kW,
www.gatehelp.com
or
0.8 2
50 10 3 = Pc 1 +
2
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
a 2 2
a 2 2
8. (A) I t = I c 1 +
or 20 = 18 1 +
or a = 0.68
2
2
18. (A) Pt =
Pt =
500 2
2
Pi = 30 - 20 = 10 kW
The DC input power =
10
= 12.5 kW.
0.8
m( t) =
4 ( -1) n -1
x( t) =
cos[2 pfm (2 n - 1)] sin(2 p1000 10 3 t)
p n =1 2 n - 1
2
P. If carrier is
3
2
suppressed then P or 66% power will be saved.
3
where n = 1, 2, 3, ....
For fm = 10 kHz and n = 1 & 2 frequency present is 990,
970, 1030 kHz.
BW = 2 fm = 10 kHz or fm = 5 kHz
fc = 705 - 5 = 700 kHz
= 1125
. kW
Here Ac (1 + a) = 2 Ac ,
4 ( -1) n -1
cos[2 pfm (2 n - 1) ]
p n =1 2 n - 1
0.32 0.4 2
= 10 1 +
+
2
2
fc = 1000 kHz, x( t) = c( t) m( t)
0.7 2
a 2 2
= 2 1 +
= 2.23 kW
Pt = Pc 1 +
2
2
a2 a2
13. (A) Pt = Pc 1 + 1 + 2
2
2
0.8 2
= 165 kW
1
+
a = 70% = 0.7
2
a 2 m( t)
Ac2
1 +
2
2
Communication System
X( f ) =
A
[ P( f ) + L( f )] * ( d( f - fc ) + d( f + fc ))
2
A
[ P( f - fc ) + L( f - fc ) + P( f + fc ) + L( f - fc )]
2
0 2 Ac2
=
1 +
2 2
1
Since P( f - fc ) 0 for f - fc < , whereas L( f - fc ) 0
2
Pt1 =
Pt2 =
Ac2
2
Ac2
2
12 3 2
= Ac ,
1 +
2 4
filter is 2.
Pt 2 3
=
Pt1 2
22. (C) x( t) = m( t) c( t)
Thus Pt2 = 15
. Pt1 and Pt2 is increases by 50%
1
2
= 0.847
1
1
,
RC
fc
BWm
200
[cos(2 p( fc + 2000) t) + cos(2 p( fc - 2000) t)]
2
Here fc = 1 MHz
1
1
or 10 -6 RC 250 ms
RC
106
4 10 3
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
37.
(B)
Sidebands
are
( 6 106 5000)
and
Communication System
( 6 10 9000)
6
H(f )
m(t)
f
W
fc + W < 2 f or fc > W
1
1
Psb = B 2 + B 2 = 66.67
2
2
the
Hilbert
or B = 8.161
transform
of
R=
Substituting
$ ( t) = sin(2 p1000 t) - 2 cos(2 p1000 t)
and m
or
M = 0.16
m( t) = Mmn ( t)
or R = 4.41
xc ( t) = 4[1 + 5 m( t)]cos wc t
2p LC
f =
we obtain
2
Cmax fmax
= 2 = (2.1) 2
Cmin
fmin
or
Page
422
Therefore fc > 3W
2fc
fc+W
fc - W > 2W or fc > 3W ,
A2
39. (A) Carrier power Pc =
= 100 W, A = 14.14
2
40
Psb
Psb
or
Eeff =
= 0.4
=
100 + Psb
Pc + Psb 100
fc-W fc
Fig.S7.4.43
Psb = 66.67 W,
2W
y1 ( t) + n( t) = y2 ( t) =
y2 ( t) s( t) = y( t)
=
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Amplitude Modulation
Chap 7.4
1
[sin( 402 pt) + sin(2 pt) - {sin( 398 pt) - sin(2 pt)}
2
+ sin( 399pt) - sin( pt)]
After filtering
sin(2 pt) + sin(2 pt) - sin( pt)
2t
sin(2 pt) + 2 sin(0.5 t) cos(15
. pt)
=
2t
sin 2 pt sin 0.5 pt
=
+
cos 15
. pt
2t
t
y( t) =
= N0 B
Ratio of average sideband power to mean noise
6.25
25
Power =
=
N0 B 4 N0 B
56. (C) Since the channel attenuation is 80 db, then
P
10 log T = 80
PR
or PR = 10 -8 PT = 10 -8 40 10 3 = 4 10 -4 Watts
If the noise limiting filter has bandwidth B, then the
fc +
Pn = 2
fc -
B
2
B
2
N0
df = N 0 B = 2 10 -10 B Watts
2
B = 2W = 2 10 4
1
= x( t) sin(2000 pt) cos(2000 pt) = x( t) sin( 4000 pt)
2
1
X1 ( jw) =
X ( j( w - 4000 p)) - X ( j( w + 4000 p))
4j
PR
4 10 -4
=
= 10 2
Pn 2 10 -10 2 10 4
4 10 -4
= 2 10 2
2 10 -10 10 4
***********
10 -10
= 2 10 4 or 43 dB
5 10 -15
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Page
423
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
7.6
DIGITAL TRANSMISSION
0.25 ms
Y( jw)
-210-3
-10-3
Fig.P7.6.1-5
10-3
210-3
Fig.P7.6.6-7
1. x( t)
(A) 100 kHz
(D) 50 kHz
2. y( t)
(A) 50 kHz
(B) 75 kHz
recover x( t) from e( t) x( t) is
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 4
(D) 8
3. x 2 ( t)
(A) 100 kHz
4. y 3( t)
(A) 100 kHz
5. x( t) y( t)
(A) 250 kHz
(C) 50 kHz
Page
434
-2T
-T
Fig.P7.6.8
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2T
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Digital Transmission
(A) 5 10 -3 sec
-5
(C) 5 10 sec
(B) 5 10 -4 sec
Chap 7.6
-6
(D) 5 10 sec
approximate capacity of CD is
(A) 5.78 ms
(B) 3.47 ms
(B) 14 M bits/sec
(C) 6.43 ms
(D) 7.86 ms
(C) 7 M bits/sec
(A) 5
(B) 6
(C) 7
(D) 8
(A) 4 5 1 2 1 3
(B) 8 4 3 1 2
(C) 6 4 3 1 7
(D) 1 2 3 4 5
(A) 25 MHz
(D) 50 MHz
would be
(A) 72 M bits/sec
(C) 72 k bits/sec
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Page
435
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
Communication System
m = 225.
multiplexed signal is
(A) 4 ms
(B) 6 ms
(C) 7.2 ms
(D) 8.4 ms
(B) 1.08 V
(C) 4.08 V
(D) 2.16 V
linear
DM
(B) 38.06 dB
(C) 42.05 dB
(D) 48.76 dB
(B) 70.3 dB
(C) 50.1 dB
(A) 34.91 dB
designed
to
(A) 8
(B) 10
(C) 12
(D) 14
binary
avoid
overload is
PCM
without
compression.
the
signal
(A) 240 mV
(B) 120 mV
(A) 8
(B) 10
(C) 670 mV
(D) 78.5 mV
(C) 12
(D) 14
If
-3
(B) 2.86 10 -4 W
(D) 112
. 10
-4
(D) 201
(A) 20%
(B) 30%
piace is
(C) 40%
(D) 50%
Em
(A) 0.3 V
fm
8 kHz
(B) 1.5 V
4 kHz
(C) 1.5 V
2 kHz
(D) 3.0 V
1 kHz
Page
436
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Digital Transmission
Chap 7.6
-6
(A) 0.768 V
(B) 48 10 V
(C) 12 10 -6 V 2
(D) 3.072 V
(B) 16 kbps
for a
signal is
sin 2 p1000 t
sin 2 p1000 t
x( t) = 5
+ 7
pt
pt
(A) 2 10 3
B) 4 10 3
(C) 6 10 3
(D) 8 10 3
p
(B)
sec
350
1
(C)
sec
700
p
(D)
sec
175
41.
The
minimum
step-size
required
for
(A) 2 -10
(B) 2 -8
(C) 2 -6
(D) 2 -4
(A) 5 kHz
(B) 20 kHz
(C) 40 kHz
(D) 80 kHz
(B) 12
(C) 16
(D) 8
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Page
437
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
Communication System
is given by
(A) 200
(B) 400
(C) 800
(D) 1600
44.
The
Nyquist
sampling
rate
for
the
signal
(A) 3 kb/s
(B) 8 kb/s
(C) 64 kb/s
(A)
(C) 2
(B) 4.23 10 9
(C) 8.46 10 9
(D) 12.23 10 9
( n + 1)
n
(B)
(D) 4
form
to
8,
the
256
quantization
levels.
(B) be doubled
(C) be tripled
(B) 10 W
(C) 20 W
The
bit
************
(B) 64 kbps
(D) 512 kbps
(B) 16 bits/s
(D) 64 dbits/s
bandwidth
requirement will.
relative
( n + 1) 2
n2
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
26. (B)
Communication System
3 L2
So
=
= 6394 = 38.06 dB
N o [ln(m + 1)]2
bits
24 M sec
= 10 bits
2.4 MHz
So 3(1024) 2
=
= 102300 = 50.1 dB
N o (ln 256) 2
3 L2
So
=
50 dB, m = 100
N o [ln(m + 1)]2
3 L2
= 100 000 or
[ln 101) 2
L = 842.6
108
W=
= 6.25 MHz
16
16W= 10 , or
1
20. (A) Sampling interval T, =
= 125 ms. There are 24
8k
channels and 1 sync pulse, so the time allotted to each
channel is Tc =
T
25
23. (D) N o =
24. (C)
L = 256 = 28
So 3 L2 m 2 ( t)
,
=
3 L2
No
mp2
m 2 ( t) 1
= ,
mp2
2
3 L2
= 48 dB = 63096, L = 205.09
2
Since L is power of 2, so we select L = 256
Hence 256 = 28 ,
dfs 0.1 68 k
= 108
. V
=
wm 2 p 10 3
3mp2
df s
A w
1 2 p 800
or d = max m =
= 78.5 mV
wm
fs
50 10 3
d2 B (0.0785) 2 3500
=
= 1122
.
10 -4 W
3 fs
3 64000
So
0.5
= 4.46 10 3
=
N o 112
. 10 -4
Capacity = 20 8 k 7 = 112
. Mbits = 140 Kbytes
31. (B) For slope overload to take place Em
df s
2 pfm
2 mp
L
1536
.
= 0.012 V
128
S
L = 2 n o = 10 log( C2 2 n )
N o dB
d2 (0.012) 2
= 12 10 -6 V 2
=
12
12
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fm =
1800
= 900 Hz
2
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Digital Transmission
The
maximum
frequency
component
will
be
Thus Nyquist
1
rate is 2 fm = 700 Hz, Sampling interval =
sec
700
1
1
=
= 20 kHz,
T 50 10 -6
1 + cos 300 pt
44. (D) g( t) = 10 cos 50 pt
36. (D) fs =
Chap 7.6
fc = 12 kHz
37. (C) P =
( SNR)1 2
, Here n = code word length,
=
(SNR)2 2 2 n 1
2n 2
16
n1 = 61 n2 = 8,
Thus rate =
2
= 16
212
(left
= 2.1168 10
and
right)
is 44100 16 3000
2.1168 10 2 = 4.2336 10 9
9
2 n 6 Thus n = 3,
sin 2 p1000 t
sin 2 p1000 t
40. (C) x( t) = 5
+ 7
pt
pt
51. (D)
Em fm
fs
or D
1
2
So
a 2 2 n , If PCM is increased form n to n + 1,
No
fs
fm
independent of n.
1
2
125( )
(128)( )
or D 2 -8
or D
3
32 10
32 1024
v = 10, we have BW = 10 W
***********
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Page
441
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
7.8
SPREAD SPECTRUM
(A) 47.5 dB
(B) 93.8 dB
(C) 86.9 dB
(D) 12.6 dB
A slow
FH/MFSK
system
has
the
following
parameters.
(A) 10
(B) 12
(C) 15
(D) 18
(B) 0.1 ms
(C) 0.1 ms
(D) 1 ms
(B) 15 ms
(C) 6.67 ns
(D) 0.67 ns
(B) 37.8 dB
(C) 6 dB
(D) 26 dB
7.
A fast
FH/MFSK
system
has
the
following
parameters.
(A) 13.4 dB
(A) 0 dB
(B) 7 dB
(C) 9 dB
(D) 12 dB
A direct sequence spread binary phase-shiftkeying system uses a feedback shift register of Length
(A) 37 dB
(B) 43 dB
(A) 7 dB
(B) 12 dB
(C) 57 dB
(D) 93 dB
(C) 14 dB
(D) 24 dB
Page
450
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Spread Spectrum
Chap 7.8
(A) 14 dB
(B) 37 dB
(C) 58 dB
(D) 104 dB
(A) 0.01
(B) 100
(C) 0.1
(D) 10
-5
(C) 19
. 106 chips/sec
(B) 7.14 dB
(C) 17.08 dB
(D) 14.28 dB
(A) 89
(B) 117
(C) 147
(D) 216
19.
(A) 27 users
(B) 38 users
(C) 42 users
(D) 45 users
A DS/BPSK
spread
spectrum
signal
has
(A) 23.6 dB
(B) 17.5 dB
(C) 117.4 dB
(D) 109.0 dB
(A) 10 7 Hz
(B) 10 3 Hz
(C) 10 5 Hz
(D) 106 Hz
(B) 0.05
(C) 0.07
(D) 0.10
(A) 10 dB
(B) 20 dB
(C) 30 dB
(D) 40 dB
margin is.
(A) 4.9 10 -3
(B) 6.3 10 -3
(A) 10 dB
(B) 20 dB
(C) 9.4 10 -4
(D) 8.3 10 -3
(C) 30 dB
(D) 40 dB
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Page
451
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
Communication System
(B) 0.1496
(C) 0.0368
(D) 0.0298
***********
1
2
N0 and an SNR
(B) 0.0013
(C) 0.049
(D) 0.0049
(B) 196
. 10 -7
(C) 2.27 10 -5
(D) 2.27 10 -7
operates
at
e b / J 0 = 10,
with
hopping
(B) 43 dB
(C) 43 dB
(D) 53 dB
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Spread Spectrum
Chap 7.8
W/R
W/R
=
= b
J av/Pav N u - 1 J 0
SOLUTION
W/R = b
J0
W = R b
J0
( N u - 1)
( N u - 1)
4. (C) m= 19
required b
J0
n= 2 m - 1 = 219 - 1 = 219
= 10.5 dB
dB
W/R
1000
+1=
+ 1 = 89 users
b /J 0
11.3
= 190 0.3 or 57 dB
Nu =
Eb
5. (A) Antijam margin = (Processing gain) - 10 log10
N0
Eb
N0
N u=
500
+ 1 = 45 users
11.3
J
W
Hence, we obtain = av + b
R dB Pav dB J 0
or =47.5 dB
6. (D) The precessing gain (PG) is
FH Bandwidth W c
PG =
= 5 4 = 20
=
Symbol Rate
Rs
= 30 dB
dB
W
= 1000
R
W = 1000 R = 106 Hz
PG = 10 log10 16 = 12 dB
8. (A) The coding gain is Rcd min =
then
worst-case jamming is
1
10 = 5 or 7 dB
2
P2 =
0.083 0.083
=
= 8.3 10 -3
e b/J 0
10
10 7
W
=
= 5 10 3 or 37 dB
R 2 10 3
W 106
=
= 100
R 10 4
-5
= 7.14 or 8.54 dB
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Page
453
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 7
Communication System
ec
1 P= e 2 N 0
2
Pb = 1 - (1 - p) 2 = 1 - (1 - 2 p + p2 ) = 2 p - p2
=e
ec
2 N0
ec
1 - 2 N0
e
= 0.0013
2
25. (C) In the case of one hop per bit, the SNR per bit is
ec
20, Hence,
Pb =
1 - 2 N 0 1 -10
e
= e = 2.27 10 -5
2
2
margin is
e
J av
W
= - b = 27.95 or 17.5 dB
R
P
J 0 dB
av dB
dB
Hence,
- b = 30 - 10 = 20 dB
dB J 0 dB
where J av = J 0W J 0/Tc = J 0 10
e -1
e -1
= 3.68 10 -2
=
( e b/J 0 ) 10
frequency
separation
for
orthogonality
separated
by
400
Hz,
the
hopping
P2 =
has
N = 210 - 1 = 1023
W
J av
=
P
av dB Rb
W 2 10 9
=
= 2 10 5or 53 dB
10 4
R
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***********
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
Electromagnetics
13
( yu x + 3u y + xu z )
x2 + y2
G =
25
( xu x + yu y )
x2 + y2
(B) -2 u x + 3u y + 4 u z
(C) 13( 3u x + 4 u y - 2 u z )
(D) 3u x + 4 u y - 2 u z
(B) 30
(C) 60
(D) 90
is
(A) 0.6 u x + 0. 8 u y
(B) 0. 8 u x + 0.6 u y
(C) 0.6 u y + 0. 8 u z
(A) 128
(B) 56
(C) 190
(D) 0
R1 = 4 u x + 3u y - 2 u z and R 2 = 3u x - 4 u y - 6 u z . The
area of the triangle defined by R1 and R 2 is
(A) 12.47
(B) 20.15
(C) 10.87
(D) 15.46
E = 4 zy u z + 2 y sin 2 x u y + y sin 2 x u z
2
(C) Plane x =
3p
2
, 0.5,
2
3
(B) Plane x = 0
(D) all
(A) y = 0
(B) x = 0
(C) z = 0
np
(D) x =
2
3, 0.5, 0) and C
0 .5
3
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Vector Analysis
yu y
x +y
2
B=
10
u r + r cos q u q + u f
r
Chap 8.1
(D) D = ru r + cos f u f
(A) u x - 2 u y
(B) - 2u x + u y
(A) 22.2
(B) 44.4
(C) 11.1
(D) 33.3
(A) 11.45
(B) 7.15
(C) 6.14
(D) 8.26
(B) 5.46
(C) 360
(D) 6.28
(A) 6.31
(B) 18.91
(C) 25.22
(D) 12.61
(A) 34.29
(B) 20.7
(C) 32.27
(D) 16.4
component is
(A) 3.21
(B) 3.13
(C) 4.26
(D) 4.21
34. The expression for u y in spherical coordinates at P(
r = 4, q = 0.2 p, f = 0.8 p) is
f
H = rz 2 sin f u r + e - z sin u f + r 3u z
2
(A) 0.25
(B) 0.433
(C) -0.433
(D) -0.25
D = r sin f u r -
A in cylindrical coordinate is
(A) -0.949 u r - 6.008 u f
1
sin q cos f u q + r 2 u f
r
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Page
459
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
Electromagnetics
at point P ( 12 ,
(A) 1.41u r + 3u z
(B) u x + u y + u z
(D) All
41.
The
1
2
1
2
) is
directional
derivative
of
function
z
1
(A) -3
(B) 1
(C) -2
(D) 0
must fly is
(A) 8 u x + 8 u y - 4 u z
Fig. P8.1.36
(A) -
1
3
(B)
1
6
(B) 2 u x + 2 u y - u z
(C) -
1
6
(D)
1
3
(D) -(2 u x + 2 u y - u z )
(C) 4 u x + 4 u y - 4 u z
x ln z - y 2 = -4
and
at
the
point
of
intersection (-1, 2, 1) is
(A) 73.4
(B) 36.3
(C) 16.6
(D) 53.7
Fig. P8.1.37
(A) 2
(B) -2
(D) 4
(A) 1
(B) -1
(C) 0
(C) 0
(D) 3
45.
The
divergence
of
the
(A) 2.6
(B) 1.5
(C) 4.5
(D) -4.5
A = rz 2 cos f u r + z sin 2 f u z is
(1, 45 , 2) is
(A) 4u f
(B) 4 2u f
(C) -4u f
(D) -4 2u f
Page
460
vector
www.gatehelp.com
f
u r + 2rz cos f u f + z 2 sin f u z
r
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Vector Analysis
Chap 8.1
(A) 2( xy 2 + yz 2 + zx 2 )
r = 3 is
(A) 324
(B) 81p
(B) 2( x 2 y 2 + y 2 z 2 + z 2 x 2 )
(C) 81
(D) 64p
(C) ( x 2 y 2 + y 2 z 2 + z 2 x 2 )
(D) 0
55. The value of 2 V at point P(3, 60, -2) is if
V = r 2 z(cos f + sin f)
(A) -8.2
(B) 12.3
(C) -12.3
(D) 0
(B) 12u q
(C) 6u r
(D) 5u f
57. ln r is equal to
(A) ( fu z )
(B) ( zu f)
(C) (ru f)
(D) (ru z )
(B) 3r 2
(D) 0
(C) 4 r 2
(D) 0
of A at P(-2, 3, -1) is
(A) -( 6 u x + 4 u y)
(B) 8 ( u x + u y)
(A) nr n
(B) ( n + 3) r n
(C) -8( u x + u y)
(D) 0
(C) ( n + 2) r n
(D) 0
A = x 2 yu x + y 2 zu y - 2 xzu z is
(A) 2 xy + 2 yz - 2 x
(B) x 2 y + y 2 z - 2 xz
(C) 2 x 2 y + 2 y 2 z - 2 xz
S
(D) 0
53. If V = xy - x 2 y + y 2 z 2 , the value of the div grad V
is
Fig. P8.1.60
(A) 0
(B) z + x 2 + 2 y 2 z
(C) 2 y( z 2 - yz - x)
(D) 2( z - y - y)
2
(A)
7
3
(B) -
7
6
(C)
7
6
(D) -
7
3
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Page
461
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
Electromagnetics
SOLUTIONS
A. dL is
1. (D) d = ( x1 - x2 ) 2 + ( y1 - y2 ) 2 + ( z1 - z 2 ) 2
= ( 4 - 2) 2 + ( -6 - 3) 2 + ( 3 - ( -1)) 2 = 4 + 81 + 16 = 101
L
2. (A) R AB = R B - R A
= ( 3u x + 0 u y + 2 u z ) - (5 u x - u y + 0 u z )
-2
-1
= -2 u x + u y + 2 u z
|R AB | =
Fig. P8.1.61
(A) 7 p + 2
(B) 7 p - 2
(C) 7p
(D) 0
uR = -
22 + 1 + 22 = 3
2
1
2
ux + u y + uz
3
3
3
F G
(10, - 6, 5) (0.1, 0.2, 0.3)
G =
(0.1, 0.2, 0.3)
2
G
0.12 + 0.2 2 + 0.32
0 < f < 2 p is
(A) 44
(B) 176
(C) 88
(D) 352
(B) 3
(C) 0
(D) 1.5
|R| =
15 2 + 8 2 + 19 2 = 25.5 = 25.5
surface of the wedge 0 < r < 2, q < f < 45 , 0 < z < 5, then
6. (B) R = - M + 2N
(B) 131.57
= - ( 8 u x + 4 u y - 8 u z ) + 2( 8 u x + 6 u y - 2 u z )
(C) 63.26
(D) 0
= 8u x + 8u y + 4u z
8u x + 8u y + 4u z
uR =
82 + 82 + 42
2
2
1
2 2 1
ux + u y + uz = , ,
3
3
3
3 3 3
(A) a = b = g = 1
(B) a = b = 1, g = 0
-M + 2N = -( 8, 4, - 8) + 2( 8, 6, - 2) = (8, 8, 4)
(C) a = 0,
(D) a = b = g = 0
uR =
b = g =1
**************
uR =
2 2 1
= , ,
3 3 3
8 +8 +4
( 8, 8, 4)
2
2
1
ux + u y + uz
3
3
3
1 + 7 -6 - 2 4 + 0
7. (C) Mid point is
,
,
= (4, -4, 2)
2
2
2`
uR =
Page
462
www.gatehelp.com
( 4, - 4, 2)
4 + 4 +2
2
2 1
2
= , - ,
3
3 3
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Vector Analysis
2
2
1
ux - u y + uz
3
3
3
2
2
1
6 - k + -2 + k + -4 - k = 100
3
3
3
k2 - 8 k - 44 = 0
k = 1175
. ,
Chap 8.1
= -34 u x + 84 u y - 2 u z
-34 u x + 84 u y - u z
uR =
34 2 + 84 2 + 2 2
= - 0.37 u x + 0.92 u y - 0.02 u z
16. (A) At P(3, 4, -2)
25
G= 2
( 3u x + 4 u y) = 3u x + 4 u y
3 + 42
3u x + 4 u y
= 0.6 u x + 0.8 u y
uG =
32 + 4 2
17. (B) F u y = Fy = yz
2 1
2
B = 1175
. ,- ,
3 3
3
4 2
I=
yzdzdx =
0 0
2
0 0 yzdz
dx = 2 ydx = 2( 4) y = 8 y
At y = 7, I = 8(7) = 56
13
10. (D) G =
( 3u x + 4 u y - 2 u z )
2
( -2) + ( 3) 2
= 3u x + 4 u y - 2 u z
u x u y u z
1
1
18. (B) Area = R1 R 2 =
4
3 -2
2
2
3 -4 -6
Magnitude of F is |F|= y + z + x
= -26 u x + 18 u y - 25 u z
F u x = (F)(1) cos q = y
y
cos q =
=
2
y + z 2 + x2
R1 R 2 = 26 2 + 18 2 + 25 2 = 40.31
2
2 +2
2
area =
q = 45
40.31
= 20.15
2
4 x y + ( x + 4 x + 4) + 9 z = 100
4 x 2 y 2 + x 4 + 9 z 4 + 4 x 2 = 96
R BA R BC
sin 2 x = 0,
3p
x = 0,
2
2 x = 0, p , 3p ,
y =0
E = 0.
15. (C) R = F - G
= ( -10 u x + 20 x( y - 1) u y) - (2 x 2 yu x - 4 u y + 2 u z )
At P(2, 3, - 4) ,
R = F - G = ( -10 u x + 80 u y) - (24 u x - 4 u y + 2 u z )
= u x 0.5
2
3
- (0.5 3 , 0.5, 0)
uy
ux
= 0.5 3 0.5
1
0
3
1
= , 0,
3
2
3
uz
0
2
3
2
0.5
- u y (0.5 2 ) + u z
3
3
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Page
463
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
u AM =
Electromagnetics
1
( u AM + u AN )
2
1
= [(0.697, 0.627, - 0.348) + ( -0.507, 0.406, 0.761) ]
2
length = |B - A|
B - A = ( -321
. , 3.83, 4.5) - ( -0.52, 2.95, 3)
= ( -2.69, 0.88, 15
. )
|B - A| = |( -2.69,
0.88, 15
. )| = 2.69 2 + 0.88 2 + 15
. 2 = 3.21
p
27. (C) At P 2, , 0 , H = 0.5 u f + 8 u z
3
u x = cos f u r - sin f u f =
1
( u r - 3u f)
2
3
= -0.433
H u x = (0.5)
2
Ar cos f sin f 0 Ax
28. (A) Af = - sin f cos f 0 A y
0
1 Az
Az 0
= (0.02, - 5.70, 4)
(0.02, - 5.70, 4)
= (0.003, -0.82, 0.57)
u AB =
0.02 2 + 5.70 2 + 4 2
22. (A) x = r cos f ,
At P (-2, 6, 3)
y = r sin f
6
A = 6 u x + u y , f = tan -1
= 108.43
-2
r cos f u x + r sin f u y 1
D= 2
= (cos f u x + sin f u y)
r cos 2 f + r 2 sin 2 f r
1
Dr = D u r = [cos f ( u x u r) + sin f ( u y u r)]
r
=
1
1
[cos 2 f + sin 2 f] =
r
r
Df = D u f =
=
0.948 0 6
Ar -0.316
A = -0.948 -0.316 0 1
f
0
1 0
Az 0
Ar = 6 ( -0.316) + 0.948 = -0.949,
1
[cos f ( u x u f) + sin f ( u y uf)]
r
1
[cos f ( - sin f) + sin f (cos f)] = 0
r
Therefore D =
29.(B) At P (-3, 4, 0)
1
ur
r
r = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 32 + 4 2 + 0 2 = 5
4 .5 130 5
rdrdfdz
= 6.28
3 100 3
135 4
rdrdf +
45 2
4 135
2 dfdz +
3 45
4 135
4 4
3 45
3 2
4 dfdz + 2 drdz
r p
p
= 2 + (2)(1) = 32.27
2
2 2 2
2
Page
464
f = tan -1
x2 + y2 p
=
z
2
y
4
= tan -1
= 126.87
x
-3
B = 2u r + u f
= ( -4.77, - 7.3, 4)
24. (D) Vol =
q = tan -1
-0.6 0 -0.8 2
= 0.8
0 -0.6 0
-1
0 1
0
Bx = 2( -0.6) + 0.8 = -2
B y = 2(0.2) - 0.6 = 1
Bz = 0
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
C3 = r cos f dr
Along 3,
A dL
=
f=60
r2
= -1
2
Electromagnetics
44. (D) A =
Ax A y Az
=0 + 4x + 0
+
+
x
y
z
= C1 + C2 + C3 = 1
45. (A)
38. (A) f = u x
f
f
f
+ uy
+ uz
x
y
z
A =
= y( y + z) u x + x(2 y + z) u y + xyu z
39. (C) f = u r
f
1 f
f
+ uf
+ uz
x
r y
z
1
( 6 r 2 cos q cos f) + 0 + 0
r2
46. (C) A =
D dS
( 4 xyz)
( 4 xyz)
( 4 xyz)
G = u x
+ uy
+ uz
x
x
z
D =
F = -6u x , R PQ = ( 4, - 1, - 1) - ( 3, - 3, - 3) = (1, 2, 2)
T
T
T
+ uy
+ uz
x
y
z
= 2 xu x + 2 yu z - 4 z u z
f+
z
sin
r
f rdfdzdr
2p
2p
= -2
D dv
41. (C) F = ( y + z) u x + ( x + z) u y + ( x + y) u z
( -6 u x ) ( u x + 2 u y + 2 u z )
D dv = 3r cos
v
42. (C) T = u x
By divergence theorem
1 (rAr) 1 ( Af) ( Az )
+
+
r r
r q
z
F u R =
1 (r 2 Ar )
1 (sin q Aq)
1 (sin q Af)
+
+
r2
r sin q
r sin q
f
r
q
u x
48. (B) A =
x
Ax
uy
y
Ay
u z u x
uy
uz
z x
y
z
Az e xy sin xy cos 2 xz
At P(2, 2, 1), T = 4 u x + 4 u y - 4 u z
43. (A) Let f = x 2 y + z - 3, g = x ln z - y 2 + 4
f = 2 xyu x + x 2 u y + u z
g = ln z u x - 2 yu y +
x
uz
z
At point P (-1, 2, 1)
uf =
-4 u x + u y + u z
18
cos q = u f u g =
-1
, ug =
-5
18 17
-4 u y - u z
17
= 0.286
u r
1
49. (D) A =
r r
Ar
uf uz
f z
Af Az
ur
uf
uz
1
=
r r
f
z
rz sin f 2r 2 z 2 cos f 0
=
1
1
u r (-6r 2 z cos f) - u f (-r sin f) u z (6rz 2 cos f - rz cos f)
r
r
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Vector Analysis
u r
1
50. (C) A = 2
r sin q r
Ar
56.(B)
r sin qu f
r sin q Af
ru q
q
rAq
2 V =
1
r 2 sin q
u r ( 2r 3 sin q - 0) -
2 V
1 2 V
1
V
1
r
+ 2
sin q
+ 2
2
2
r r
r r sin q q
q r sin q f2
1
1
u q ( 6r 2 sin 2 q - 0) + u f ( 0 + r sin q)
r sin q
r
ln r = u x
51. (A) A =
x
y
z
2
2
( 3 y - 2 z) ( -2 x z) ( x + 2 y)
ux
uy
x
y
+ 2 x2 ) 3
uz
-( 4 xz + 6 y)
A = -6 u x - 4 u y = -( 6 u x + 4 u y)
uz
z
-2 xz
-1
n
r n r = 2 x 2 ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 2
2
n
= n( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 2
2
55. (A) V =
r
2
V
r
r
F = -x uz
dS = dxdy ( -u z )
( F) dS = - ( - x ) dxdy
2
= 2( y z + x z + x y ) = 2( x y + y z + z x )
2
( F) dS
2V 2V 2V
54. (B) 2 V =
+
+
x 2
y 2
z 2
2
+ 3r n
= -2 y + 2 z - 2 y = 2( z - y - y)
2
-1
= nr n + 3r n = ( n + 3) r n
( z - 2 xy) (2 yz - x ) ( x - 2 y z)
+
+
x
y
z
2
+ rn + rn + rn
= ( z - 2 xy) u x + (2 yz - x ) u y + ( x - 2 y z) u z
( xr n ) ( yr n ) ( zr n )
+
+
x
y
z
-1
-1
n
n
+ 2 y 2 ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 2 + 2 z 2 ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 2
2
2
x
y
x
y
ux + 2
u y = ux + u y
2
2
r
r
x +y
x +y
V
V
V
53. (D) V = u x
+ uy
+ uz
x
y
z
tan -1
where r n = ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 2
( A) = 0
y
x
uz
59. (B) r n r =
= - y 2 u x + 2 zu y - x 2 u z
(V ) =
uy
At P(-2, 3, -1),
uy
y
y2 z
u x
y
uz =
x
x
2
58. (A) ( r ) r 2 = x
+y
+z
( x + y 2 + z 2 )
x
y
z
= u x ( -6) - u y( -4 z) + u z (0) = -6 u x + 4 zu y
ux
52. (D) A =
x
2
x y
ln r
ln r
ln r
x
y
+ uy
+ uz
= 2 ux + 2 u y
r
r
x
y
z
f u z = tan -1
= u x (2 + 2 x 2 ) - u y(1 - ( -2)) + u z ( -4 xz - 6 y)
A =
(2
2 sin q
cos q sin f
cos q sin f sin q
sin 2 q
ur
ru q
r sin q u f
1
= 2
r sin q r
q
f
3
2
r cos q - sin q 2 r sin q
=
Chap 8.1
1 2V 2V
+
+ 2
2
z 2
r f
x dydx + x dydx
2
0 0
2 -x + 2
1 x
x dx + x (2 - x) dx
3
x4
1
2
= + x3 - x4
4
3
4 1
0
=
1 16
1 7
2 1 1 14
+
- 4 - - = +
-4+ =
4 3
3
4 6
3 4 4
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467
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
A dL =
61. (C)
ab
bc
cd
da
D dS = ( D)dv
A dL
= 4 rdr
-2
-1
=0
A dL
r df
A dL = r 3df
= r 3 df = (1) 3( -p) = - p
p
F =
Fdv
1
(2r 2 z 2 ) = 4 z 2 = 4 z 2
r r
1
F dv = 4 z rdrdfdz = 4 z
2
1
= 3 xdx
0
( y + z + x) dxdydz
1
dy
0 0 dz = 3 2 = 15.
64. (B) D =
Page
468
2p
A dS =
= 4z +
dz rdr df = 176
A dS = ( A)dv
S
A =
-1
63. (D)
uy
y
3 x 2 - gz
*******
=0
A dL = 0 + 8 p + 0 - p = 7 p
F dS
f = p, A dL = 0,
Along da, dr = 0,
A dL
45
i.e. a = 1 = b = g.
= (2) 3 p = 8 p
If F is irrotational, F = 0
A dL = r 3df
Along cd, df = 0,
A dL
uz
z
3 xz 2 -
= ( -1 + g) u x + ( 3bz 2 - 3z 2 ) u y + ( 6 x - ax) u z
Along bc, dr = 0,
45
ux
65. (A) F =
a
x
bz 2
+
f = 0,
A dL
A dL = 0,
3z
cos f rdrdfdz
4 z +
r
4 25 p
25 1
= 4
.
= 13157
+ 3(2)
2 2 4
2 2
Fig. S8.1.61
Along ab, df = 0,
D dS =
Electromagnetics
1 (rDr) 1 ( Df) ( Dz )
+
+
r r
r q
z
3
z cos f
r
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
8.2
ELECTROSTATICS
1. Let Q1 = 4 mC
(C) 1311
. u r + 27.4 u f - 49.4 u z
(D) 159.7 u r + 137.1u f - 49.4 u z
(A) 2 10 -4 N
(C) 0.014 N
(B) 4 10 -4 N
(D) 0.01 N
charge at A is
of E at y axis is
(A) 24.6u x mN
(C) -13.6u x mN
(B) -24.6u x mN
(D) 13.76u x mN
1080
(9 + y 2 ) 3 2
(B)
1080
(9 + y 2 ) 3
(C)
108
(9 + y 2 ) 3 2
(D)
108
(9 + y 2 ) 3
(C) 115
. u x + 2.93u y + 109
. uz
(D) -115
. u x - 2.93u y - 109
. uz
5. Let a point charge 25 nC be located at P1 (4, -2, 7) and
a charge 60 nC be at P2 (-3, 4, -2). The point, at which on
the y axis, is Ex = 0, is
(A) -7.46
(C) -6.89
(A)
(B) -22.11
(D) (B) and (C)
(A) 2 mC
(B) -3 mC
(C) 3 mC
(D) -2 mC
(B) 4r o
(C) 8r o
(D) 3r o
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469
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
Electromagnetics
(A) 41.05 pC
(B) 257.92 pC
(A) 9.375u y mN
(B) 37.5u y mN
(C) 82.1 pC
(D) 129.0 pC
(C) 19.17u y mN
(D) 75u y mN
12.
If r v =
1
z 2 + 10
5 e -0 .1 r( p-|f|) mC m 3 in
the region
(A) 1.29 mC
(B) 2.58 mC
(C) 0.645 mC
(D) 0
f
2
(A) 0.57 C
(B) 0.68 C
(C) 0.46 C
(D) 0.23 C
(A) 5.4 V m
(B) 10.1 V m
(C) 10.5 V m
(D) 20.2 V m
2, 3) is
(A) -9 u y + 4.5 u z
(B) 9 u y - 4.5 u z
(C) -18 u y + 9 u z
(D) 18 u y - 9 u z
1
3
u y - 23 u z ), is
(A) 4.5 u y + 9 u z
(B) 4.5 u y - 9 u z
(C) 9 u y - 18 u z
(D) 18 u y - 36 u z
(C) -48u y V m
(D) 24u y V m
(A) y =
and y = -3
(A) -24u y V m
22.
128
x3
(B) x =
128
y3
64
x2
(D) x =
64
y2
(C) y =
follows : 40 nC m
at y = 1 and -5 m, -60 nC m
P(-3, 2, -1) is
(A) -192
. u x + 2 u y - 108
. u z kV m
(D) 192
. u x - 2 u y + 108
. u z kV m
Page
470
www.gatehelp.com
at
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Electrostatics
Chap 8.2
(B) 1.89 mC
(C) 1.33 mC
(D) 1.89 mC
(A) 113.1 mC
(B) 339.3 nC
(C) 113.1 nC
(D) 452.4 nC
-20|z|
D=
30 < f < 90 is
(A) 270.7 nC
(B) 9.45 nC
(C) 270.7 pC
(D) 9.45 pC
1
[10 xyzu x + 5 x 2 zu y + (2 z 3 - 5 x 2 y) u z ]
z2
(B) 8.96
(C) 10.4
(D) 7.86
(A) 360 C
(B) 180 C
(A) 0.32
(B) 0.34
(C) 100 C
(D) 560 C
(C) 0.38
(D) 0.36
-1000 r
nC m
and
rv = 0
(A) 1.28 pC m 2
(B) 0.28 pC m 2
(A) -60 J
(B) 34.64 J
(C) 0.78 pC m 2
(D) 0.32 pC m 2
(C) -34.64 J
(D) 60 JJ
2 < r < 4 is
(A) -
16
nC m 2
r2
(B)
80
(C) 2 nC m 2
r
16
nC m 2
r2
80
(D) - 2 nC m 2
r
(B) a 5 + 6 a 4
(C) 6 a 5 + a 4
(D)
(B) 3.1 mJ
(C) -31
. mJ
(D) 0
(A) 6 a 5 +
(A) -5.4 mJ
5 5
a + 6a4
3
(B) 20 J
(C) -20 J
(D) 40 J
( r = 3 cm, q = 40 , f = 90 ) is
(A) 49.6
(B) 24.8
(A) 2.03 V
(B) 10.17 V
(C) 35.4
(D) 36.4
(C) 4.07 mV
(D) -10.17 V
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and B
Page
471
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
Electromagnetics
(A) -4.94 nC
(B) -4.86 nC
(C) -5.56 nC
(D) -3.68 nC
( r = 4, q = p 6 , f = p 4) to B( r = 4, q = p 3 , p 6) is
(A) 0.45 mJ
(B) 0.32 mJ
(C) -0.45 mJ
(D) 0
(B) 1.98 kV
(C) 0.96 kV
(D) 3.78 kV
(B) 194.21 V m
(C) 146.21 V m
(D) 167.37 V m
mV m on line y = z, x = 0 are
in free space is ( V = 0)
(A) y = z = 23.35
(B) y = z = 16.5, x = 0
(C) y = z = 16.5
(D) y = 0, z = 23.35, x = 0
(A) 0 V
(B) 216 V
(C) 144 V
(D) 108 V
48. A dipole having a moment p = 3u x - 5 u y + 10 u z
(2, 3, 4) is
at P(0, 0, 2 cm) is
(A) 81 mV
(B) 90 mV
(C) 63 mV
(D) 76 mV
(C) 75 V/m
(C) 1.22 nC m 3
(D) -1.22 nC m 3
(B) 1.26 V
(C) 2.62 V
(D) 2.52 V
(A) 1.31 V
(A) 1548 pJ
(B) 0
(C) 774 pJ
(D) 387 pJ
(A) 1.75 mJ
(B) 2 mJ
(C) 3.5 mJ
(D) 0
space is
(A) -2.45 nC m 3
(C) -1.42 nC m
(B) 1.42 nC m 3
(D) 2.45 nC m
J = 10 5[sin (2 x) e -2 yu x + cos (2 x) e -2 yu y ] kA m 2
(A) 0
(B) 12.3 mA
(C) 24.6 mA
(D) 6.15 mA
Page
472
www.gatehelp.com
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
Electromagnetics
r v = 0, the 2 V is
1 dF V
(A) f ( x) dx x
(C)
then E2
in
(B) f ( x)
1 df V
f ( x) dx x
(D) -f ( x)
(B) 3( y 2 - x 2 )
(C) 4 x 2 - 3 y 2
(D) 4 y 2 - 3 x 2
*********
u r then E2
4 < r < 6 and e r 2 = 5 for 6 < r < 9. If E1 = 1000
r2
is
(A)
5000
ur V m
r2
(B)
400
ur V m
r2
(C)
2500
ur V m
r2
(D)
2000
ur V m
r2
let
e r1 = 3,
while
er 2 = 5
where
x < 0.
If
E1 = 80 u x - 60 u y - 40 u z V m then E2 is
(A) (133.3u x - 100 u z - 66.7 u z ) V m
(B) (133.3u x - 60 u z - 40 u z ) V m
(C) ( 48 u x - 36 u y - 24 u z ) V m
(D) ( 48 u x - 60 u y - 40 u z ) V m
Page
474
df V
dx x
medium 2 is
df V
dx x
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Electrostatics
SOLUTIONS
1. (C) F2 =
=
f = tan -1
(4, 4), (-4, 4), (4, -4), (-4, 4), the fifth charge will be on
the z-axis at location z = 4 2. By symmetry, the force on
the fifth charge will be z
q2
4 pe o d 2
(5 10 -9) 2
= 10 -2 N
4 p ( 8.85 10 -12 )( 8 10 -3) 2
2
2 10 -8
4 pe o
R1
2R 2
- |R |3 + |R |3
1
2
( 4.25) 3 2
( 5)3 2
E p = 54.9 u y + 44.1u z
4 pe o
|R CA| |R DA| |R BA|
where R CA = u x - u y , R DA = u x + u y , R BA = 2 u x
F=
Ef = E r u f = 65.9( u x u f) + 148.3 ( u y u f)
|R CA|=|R DA|= 2,
12
= 56.3, and z = 2
8
Er = Ep u p = 65.9( u x u r) + 148.3 ( u y u r)
4 u x + 9 u y - 3u z
(106) 3 / 2
= ( 4.32 u x + 5.76 u y) mN
2 10 -6
4 pe o
Q1Q2 R12
4 pe o |R12|3
( 4 10 -6 )( -5 10 -6 ) ( 3u x + 4 u y)
4 pe o
53
F=
Chap 8.2
|R BA|= 2
u x - u y u x + u y 2u x
( 40 10 -9) 2
+
+
-9
4 p ( 8.85 10 ) 2 2
8
2 2
At P, r = 5 , q = cos -1
1
5
= 63.4 and f = 90
So Er = E p u r = 54.9[ u y u r ] + 44.1[ u z u r ]
= 54.9 sin q sin f + 44.1 cos q = 68.83
Eq = E r u q = 54.9[ u y u q ] + 44.1[ u z u q ]
= 54.9 cos q sin f + 44.1 ( - sin q) = -14.85
Ef = Er u f = 54.9( u y u f) + 44.1( u z u f) =54.9 cos f = 0
= 1376
. u x mN
10 -9 41R13
45R 23
4. (C) E =
+
2
|R 23|2
4 pe o |R13|
Ep =
R13 = -3u x + 4 u y - 4 u z ,
R 23 = 4 u x - 2 u y + 5 u z
( 41) 3 / 2
( 45) 3 / 2
= 1152
.
u x + 2.93u y + 1089
.
uz
5. (D) The point is P3(0, y, 0)
R13 = -4 u x + ( y + 2) u y - 7 u z ,
R12 = 3u x + ( y - 4) u y + 2 u z
Ex =
10 -9
25 ( -4)
60 3
+
4 pe o [ 65 + ( y + 2) 2 ]3 2
[13 + ( y - 4) 2 ]3 2
To obtain Ex = 0,
0.48 y 2 + 1392
. y + 7312
. =0
2 10 -6 R AP
4 pe o |R AP|3
20 10 -8
4 pe o
R1
R2
-|R |3 - |R |3
1
2
|R1 | = |R 2 | =
9 + y2
-3u x + yu y 3u x + yu y
+
Ep = 20 10 -9 9 10 9
2 3
( 9 + y 2 ) 3
( 9 + y )
-1080 u x
1080
, |E| = =
=
2 32
(9 + y )
(9 + y 2 ) 3 2
9. (B) The field at P will be
Q -2 u x + 2 u y - u z
Ep = 0
, Ez = 1 kV m
4 pe o
93 2
Q0 = -4 pe o 9 3 2 10 3 = -3 m C
10. (C) This will be 8 times the integral of r n over the
first octant
www.gatehelp.com
Page
475
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
Q = 8
6 u x - 3u y 6 u x + 3u y
EP = 20nC 2 9 10 9
36 + 9
36 + 9
r oe - x - y- z dxdydz = 8ro
11. (C) Q =
2p
= -48u y V m
0 .05
0 .03
r3
= 4 p(0.2) = 82.1 pC
3 0 .03
12. (A) Q =
-p 0
e
=5
5 e -0 .1 r( p-|f|)
z 2 + 10
10
-0 .1 r
R xp
R yp
R zp
+
+
3
3
3
|R xp| |R yp| |R zp|
rL
2 pe o
17. (B) EP =
0 .05
- p 10
Electromagnetics
( -0.1 - 1)
( -0.101)
(0.1) 2
0
Ep = 100 10 -9 2 9 10 -9
2u y - u z -3u x - u z -3ux + 2u y
+
+
E p = 100 10 -9 2 9 10 -9
5
10
13
2p
( p - f) dz
2
+ 10
0 z
= -0.96 u x + u y - 0.54 u z kV m
p2 dz
- z + 10
Q = 5 26.4
18. (C) At y = 4, E =
z
1
= 5 26.4 p2
tan -1
= 129
. mC
10 -
10
dF = dqE = r L dzE
r 2L dzu y
F=
2 pe o
13. (A)
f = 10
1 .1 p 25 5
0 .9p 0 4
25
1 .1 p
r 5 9 r 4 20 r 3 1
1
f
= 10 +
2 q - 4 sin 2 q -2 cos 2
5
4
3
0 .9p
4
0
= 10 [ -3.39 ][0.0266 ][0.626 ] = 0.57 C
( 6) = 18.75 u y mN
r s dS R - R
4 pe o |R - R|3
19. (A) E =
sin q drdqdf
rL
uy ,
2 pe o
where R = 3u x and R = yu y + zu z ,
2
3u x - yu y - zuz
r
dydz
EPA = L
4 pe o - -2 (9 + y 2 + z 2 ) 3 2
Due to odd function
Rp
r
,
14. (D) Ep = L
2 pe o |R p|2
EPA =
|R |
p
= 20,
5 10 -9
Ep =
2 pe o
4u y - 2u z
= 18 u y - 9 u z
20
r L ( y + 2) u y - 5 u z
2 pe o ( y + 2) 2 + 25
y=
1
2
6.25 2.5 u y - 5 u z
= 9 u y - 18 u z
2 pe o 6.25 + 25
rL
4 pe o
- -2
3u x dydz
(9 + y 2 + z 2 ) 3 2
rs
4 pe o
2 p 0 .2
R - R = zu z - ru z
zrdrdf
2
+ r 2)3 2
(z
0
0 .2
2pr s z
rz 1
1
1
=
= s 2 2
2
2
eo z
4 pe o z + r
z + 0.04
0
Ez =
rs
eo
z
1 2
z + 0.04
, at z = 0.5, Ez = 20.2 V m
r
16. (C) Ep = L
2 pe o
R+ Q
R- Q
2
2
|R + Q| |R - Q|
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Electrostatics
22. (A)
dy E y -15 x 2 y -3 y
=
=
=
5 x3
dx Ex
x
dy
3dx
=y
3
At P, 2 =
C1
43
a a
ln y = -3 ln x ln C y =
C1 = 128
Chap 8.2
y =
C1
,
x3
128
x3
-x
a a
= a4 + 0 -
a
a
+
+ 0 + 6a5 = a4 + 6a5
3
3
of
D y
y
= 20 x 4 y 3z 4
cube
=(3.05
1.05
2.05)
and
Volume
V = (0.1) 3 = 0.001
f = 20 ( 305
. ) 4 (105
. ) 3 (2.05) 3 (2.05) 4 0.001 =35.4
31. (C) F = ( D ) Dv
h2 = 2 4 2 - 1 = 6.93
Top
30. (C) D =
Center
Botoom
Right
D = -19.1u y + 25.5 u z pC m 2
a a
a a
0 .05 90
Back
Front
a a
25. (D) Q =
a a
( x) 4
3
. nC
p(0.003) = 1131
x 3
10 y
2 + 10 x 2 y
=8.96
32. (B) r v = D =
+ 0 +
z3
( -2 , 3, 5)
0 .01 30
0 .05
p p
1 -20 z
= - (5)(0.08) e
2 6
20
0 .01
33. (C) D =
= 9.45 10 -3 nC = 9.45 pC
D dv = 6 (0.4)
f = D x = 2 u x dydz +
0 0
2p p
x =2
u z dzdy
0 0
-r e
Q = 8 p
1000
2 -1000 r
-1000 r
2 e -1000 r ( -1000 r - 1)
1000(1000) 2
0
Q = 4 10 -9nC,
Dr =
4.0 10 -9
Q
= 0.32 C m 2
=
2
4 pr
4 p (0.001) 2
Dr =
80
nC m 2
r2
= -5( 4 u x - 3u y + 5 u z )
=-
10
3
( u x + u y + u z )(2)
3
( 4 - 3 + 5) = -34.64 J
( u x - u y + u z )(2 10 -3)
= -( 60 10 -6 ) 100 u r
r 2 sin q drdqdf
0 .001
34. (C) dW = - qE dL
0 .001
= 0.38
0 0
0 .001
2e
3 2
27. (D) Q =
1 d 2
( r 2 r) = 6 ,
r 2 dr
-9
Cm ,
= - 12
10 -6
3
( u r u x - u r u y)
2
At r , f = tan -1 = 63.4
1
u r u x = cos 63.4 = 0.447,
u r u y = sin 63.4 = 0.894
dW = 31
. mJ
36. (A) W = - q E dL
www.gatehelp.com
Page
477
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
Electromagnetics
-1
18 z
-6 xy 2 z 2 + 2
uz
2
2
x
+
y
+
z
2
3
. u z V m,
Ep = 7.1u x + 22.8 u y - 711
|E|= 75 V m
43. (D) E = -V = -
Q
4 pa 2r s ( 6 10 -3) 2 30 10 -9
=
=
4 pe o r
4 pe o r
8.85 10 -12 r
= -42 r -0 .4 u r V m,
0.122
0.122 0.122
, V AB = V A - VB =
V ( r) =
=
= 2.03
r
0.02
0.03
38. (D) W = -
Q1Q2
4 pe o
rB
rA
dr Q1Q2
=
r 2 4 pe o
D = e oE = -42 r -0 .4 e o u r C m 2
1 d 2
1 d
e
rv = D = 2
( r Dr ) = 2
( -42 e o r 1 .6 )= - 67.2 1o.4
r dr
r dr
r
1
1
r - r
B
A
At r = 0.6 m,
rv = -
rA = rB , W = 0
39. (B) VP ( s) =
Q
,
4pe o r
r L dr
r
+ C1 = - L ln r + C1
2 pe or
2 pe o
Vs ( z) = -
rs
rz
dz + C2 = s + C2
2 eo
2 eo
rv = D = 2
( r Dr ) +
( Dr sin q)
r sin q q
r r
r = 12 ` + 12 = 2 , z = 3,
40. (D) Vr =
1
r v = eo
(rEr) +
Ef
r f
r r
(50 + 150 sin f)
150 sin f
50e o
= e o +
=C m2
r
r
r
1 2p 2
Q =
R = zu z , R = ru r, dS = rdrdf,
Vr =
0 .01
(5 10 -9)r 2 drdf
4 pe o r 2 + z 2
z2
5 10 -9 r
2
2
r
+
z
ln (r + r 2 + z 2 )
2 eo
2
2
0 .01
At z = 0.02, Vp = 0.081 V
0 0
50 e o
rdrdfdz = - 2 p(50) e o 2 = -5.56 nC
r
46. (A) V =
42. (C) E = -V
6x
= - 2 y 2 z 2 + 2
ux
2
2
x + 2 y + 3z
12 y
- 4 xyz 3 + 2
uy
2
2
x + 2 y + 3z
1 V
V
E = -V = -
ur +
uq
r
r
Page
478
,
0 .03
Vp =
1 V
V
ur uf
r
r f
D = e o E, r v = D = e o E
r s dS
41. (A) Vr =
,
4 pe o|R - R|
2 p 0 .03
VB = 198
. kV
6 10 -9 dz
r L dz
=
= 108 V
4 ( 2 1) 3 2
oR
- pe o z +
4 pe
1
12 sin q cos q
r v = -80 e o 2 3r 2 cos q
r sin q
r
45. (C) E = -V = -
At point N, r = (2 - 1) + 2 + z = 14
2
V
1 V
ur uq
r
r q
Q
r
r
- L ln r - s z + C
4 pe o r 2 pe o
2 pe o
V =
44. (A) E = -V = -
Vl (r) = -
dV
u r = -(0.6)(70) r -0 .4 u r
dr
100
(2 cos q u r + sin q u q),
r3
= 100
5
= 158.11 V m
2
2 10 -9
[2 cos q u r + sin q u q ],
4 pe o r 3
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Electrostatics
55. (A) I = J n z = 0 .2 dS
y = z lies at q = 45
2 10 -9 1
= 10 -3
Eq =
4 pe o r 3 2
(required)
=
r 3 = 12.73 10 3, r = 23.35
Solving
4 pe o (1 + 1 + 8 2 )1 .5
1
1
49. (A) E = -V = 40 2 u x +
uy +
uz
2
2
x
yz
xy
z
xyz
E Edv
2
J al =
sac
J st
sst
J st = 3.2 10 5 A m 2
57. (B) J =
We = 800 e o
J al J st
=
sal sst
( 3u x - 5 u y + 10 u z ) ( u x + u y + 8 u z ) 10 -9
=1.31 V
eo
2
0 .4
40
40
rdrdf =
log[r 2 + (0.1) 2 ] (2 p)
2
2
r + (0.1)
2
0
= 40 p log 17 = 356 A
where R - R = Q - P = (1, 1, 8)
We =
2 p 0 .4
P (R - R)
48. (A) V =
4 pe o|R - R|3
So VP =
Chap 8.2
E=
4
u r A m2,
2prl
4
12.73
J
ur V m
=
=
s 2 prls
rl
3
12.73
12.73 5
6.51
V
u r u rdr =
ln
=
l
r
l
3
l
3
V = - E dL =
1
1
1
x 4 y 2 z 2 + x 2 y 4 z 2 + x 2 y 2 z 4 dxdydz
V 6.51 1.63
R=
=
=
W
I
4l
r
= 1548 pJ
V
1 V
V
58. (D) E = -V = -
ur +
uf +
u z
r f
z
r
(r + 1) 2
= -z 2 cos f u r +
z sin f u f - 2(r + 1) z cos f u z
r
1 4
50. (A) W = qn Vn
2 n =1
V1 = V21 + V31 + V41 =
q 1
1
1
+
+
V1 = V2 = V3 = V4
W =
2 (1.2 10 -9) 2
1
( 4) q1 V1 =
4 pe o (0.04)
2
51. (B) I = J n
=
10
2 1
y =1
2 1
. mJ
2 + 2 = 175
dS = J u y
0 0
y =1
dxdz
59. (C) V =
p
p
sin
3
2 = 2.5 V
23
40 cos
0 0
52. (C) I = J n dS
S
2 p 0 .3p
800 sin q
(0.80) 2 sin q dqdf =154.8 A
2
+
(
0
.
80
)
4
0 .1 p
v = at = 7.0 10 tu z m s
17
54. (D)
=
r V
1
J z
= - J =
(rJ r) +
t
r r
z
1
-20
(25) +
=0
r r
z r 2 + 0.01
x
200 x
ux + 2
u z C m2
= -e o 200 z
2
(
)
x
x
+
4
x
+
4
200 e o x
D (z= 0 ) = - 2
u z C m2,
x +4
r s = D u z z= 0 =
Q=
-3
- 200 e o x
C m2,
x2 + 4
2
1
- 200 e o x
dxdy = -( 3)(200) e o ln[ x 2 + 4 ]
2
x2 + 4
0
= - 300 ln 2 = - 1.84 nC
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Page
479
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
61. (B) E = -V ,
Electromagnetics
68. (D) D n 1 = D n 2
D n 1 = 80 3e o = D n 2 = 5 e oEn 1 ,
|R |= 35 , |R|= 59
E2 = 48 u x - 60 u y - 40 u z
VP =
q
q
q 1
1
=
4 pe o R 4 pe o R 4 pe o 35
59
-9
Vp = 60 10 9 10
-9
rL
2p eo
0 = ( - f ( x)V )
dF V
2V
2V
2V
=-
+ f ( x) 2 + f ( x) 2 + f ( x) 2
x
y
z
dx x
1
12 + (2 - 1) 2
12 + (2 - (-2)) 2
12 + 32
- ln
- ln
ln + ln
1
1
1
2
= 2.40 kV
64. (C) P = D - e oE = D -
. e o = 2.5 e o En 2
= 2 15
Et1 = Et 2 ,
D D
= ( e r - 1)
er er
e1E N1 = e 2E N 2
En 1 = - 817
.
1
6
f ( x1 ) = -4 e 2 x + 3 x 2 + C, f (0, 1) = -4 + C2
V (0, 0) = 0 = 4 + f (0)
f ( x) = -4 e
C2 = 0. f (0) = -4
+ 3x ,
2x
- 4 e2 x + 3 x 2 - 3 y 2 = 3 ( x 2 - y 2 )
[u x - u y + 2u z ]
*********
Et1 = Et 2 and D n 1 = D n 2
e r1 e oEn 1 = e r 2 e oEn 2
e
1
1
= r1 En 1 = E n 1 , E2 = Et 2 + En 1
er 2
4
4
= 125 u x + 175 u y V m
67. (B) D n 1 = D n 2 ,
Page
480
En 2
2x
V ( x, y) = 4 e
2 V = 0,
Integrating again
It follow that C1 = 0
En 2 = 12
.
E2 = 1.2 u x - 3u y + 1u z
En 1 = E1 u N =
70. (A) r v = 0
2 f
- 6 =0
x 2
f
f
= -16 e 2 x + 6
= - 8 e 2 x + 6 x + C1
x
x
V
f
Ex =
= 8 e2 x +
x
x
f
f
Ex (0) = 8 +
=0
= -8
x x = 0
x x = 0
P = 12
. u x - 2.3u y + 2.9 u z nC m 2
65. (C) D n 1 = D n 2
dF V
=-
+ f ( x) 2 V
dx x
1 dF V
2V = f ( x) dx x
2 V = 16 e2 x +
(2.4 - 1) 10 -9
2.4
P = (2 u x - 4 u y + 5 u z )
e r1 e oEn 1 = e r 2 e oEn 2
En1 = 48
D = r v = 0 = ( - f ( x)V )
1
1
35 - 59 = 21 V
V0 = 0,
Vp = -
D = eE
and Et1 = Et 2 ,
www.gatehelp.com
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
Electromagnetics
2 r
+
for r 0.6
r 2
3
for r > 0.6
Hf =
r
Hf =
(B) 0.64 A m
(C) 1.36 mA m
(D) 0
(A) 2u z A m
(B) -2u z A m
(C) u z A m
(D) 0
(B) 0.37 A m
(C) 2.64 A m
(D) 0
(A) 2u z A m
(B) -3u z A m
(C) 3u z A m
(D) 0
(B) 0.56 A m
17.
(D) 0.96 A m
v = ( 3u x + 12 u y - 4 u z ) 10
An
electron
5
with
velocity
m s experiences no net
mo
z=2
-40ux A/m
mr = 2.5
mo
z=0
30ux A/m
Fig. P8.3.1214
(B) 35u y A m
(C) -5u y A m
(D) 5u y A m
acceleration of charge at t = 0 is
(A) 600[ 3u x + 2 u y - 3u z ]10 9 m s 2
(B) 400[ 6 u x + 6 u y - 3u z ]10 9 m s 2
(C) 400[ 6 u x - 6 u y + 3u z ]10 9 m s 2
(D) 800[ 6 u x + 6 u y - u z ]10 9 m s 2
19. An electron is moving at velocity v = 4.5 10 7 u y
(B) -5u y A m
(C) 10u y A m
(D) -10u y A m
(B) -5u y A m
(C) 35u y A m
(D) -35u y A m
Page
482
www.gatehelp.com
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Magnetostatics
Chap 8.3
and u L = u x , then F is
(A) 35 .2 u y nN m
(B) 68.3u x nN m
(C) 105.6 u z nN m
(D) 0
(B) 18u x nN
(C) 3.6 u x nN
(D) -3.6 u x nN
(B) 16.4 u z mN
(C) 19.8 u z nN
(D) 26.3u z nN
(B) -36u x nN
(C) 54u x nN
(D) -54u x nN
fig.
P8.3.23.
The
magnetic
B = 6 xu x - 9 yu y + 3zu z Wb m 2 .
flux
The
(C) 4u x mN m
(D) -4u x mN m
density
total
(B) -0.4 u x N m
(A) 0.4 u x N m
is
force
strip is
(A) 12.2 u y mN m
(B) 6.6 u y mN m
(C) -12.2 u y mN m
(D) -6.6 u y mN m
y
2
5A
(A) -6.6 u y mN m
(B) 6.6 u y mN m
(C) 2.4 u x mN m
(D) -2.4 u x mN m
H = 10 u x + 25 u y - 40 u z A m
Fig. P8.3.23
(A) 30u z N
(B) -30u z N
(C) 36u z N
(D) -36u z N
(B) 6.5
(D) None of the above
mA in the u L direction.
and u L = u z , then F is
(A) 35 .2 u y nN m
(B) -35 .2 u y nN m
(C) 105.6 u y nN m
(D) 0
Page
483
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
(B) 9.5 mJ m
(C) 16.3 mJ m
Electromagnetics
(D) 32.6 mJ m 2
(A) 6.2 MJ m 3
(B) 1.3 MJ m 3
(C) 2.3 kJ m 3
(D) 2.9 kJ m 3
(B) 151.6 yu z kA m
(C) 102.7 yu z kA m
(D) 77.6 yu z kA m
(C)
6
uz
a
(B)
6
( x - y)
a
(D)
3
( x - y)
a
(A) 241yu z kA m
(B) 318.2 yu z kA m
(C) 163yu z kA m
A m,
B = 1.4
Wb m 2 .
The
change
in
the
magnetization M is
(A) 164 kA m
(B) 326 kA m
(C) 476 kA m
(D) 238 kA m
region
2.
If
m r1 = 2,
(B) 0.22 u y A m
(C) 0.17 u y A m
(D) 2.24 u y A m
of the magnetization is
(B) 23.4 A m
(C) 16.3 A m
(D) 8.4 A m
H1 = 50 u x - 30 u y + 20 u z A m. In region 2, H 2 will be
(A) 0.226 J m
(B) 1.452 J m
(C) 1.68 J m 3
(D) 0.84 J m 3
1
H + H 2 mWb m 2
3
and
(A) 47.6 A m
m r2 = 8
********
www.gatehelp.com
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Magnetostatics
SOLUTIONS
1. (C) H =
=
I
4p
IdL u R
4 pR 2
-
[2 + ( 3 - y) ]
2
2 32
R = (1 + x) + 32 + 2 2 = x 2 + 2 x + 14
2
H=
-u ydy[2 u x + ( 3 - y) u y ]
-(1 + x) u x + 3u y + 2 u z
uR =
Chap 8.3
4 dxu x [ -(1 + x) u x + 3u y + 2 u z ]
4 p ( x 2 + 2 x + 14) 3 2
(12 u z - 8 u y) dx
4 p( x
+ 2 x + 14)
3/2
2 u z dy
I
=
2
4 p 0 [2 + ( 3 - y) 2 ]3 2
= 0.147 u z - 0.098 u y A m
5. (B) H =
q1 = 56.31, q 2 = -90
H=
I
4p
56 .31
-90
2 u z dq
2 sec q
I
u z [sin q ] -5690.31 = 145.8 u z mA m
=
4p
2. (A) H = H y + H z , H z =
Iz
uf
2pr
r = ( -3) 2 + ( 4) 2 = 5
3u y + 4 u x
=
5
5
24 ( 4 u x + 3u y)
Hz =
= 0.611u x + 0.458 u y mA m
2 p(5)
5
uf =
Hy =
- u z ( -3u x + 4 u y)
Iy
2pr
I
uf 2 pr
( -3u x + 5 u z )
34
3u z - 5 u x
34
( -5 u x + 3u z )
12
2 p 34
-a
3. (A) H =
I
uf 2 pr
-4
Idzu z (ru r - zu z )
4 p(r 2 + z 2 ) 3 2
I
a
12
2 pr
(r + a 2 )
I
At r = 1, H =
2pr
1+ a
1
a=
2p
-a
Iau f
2 pr(r 2 + z 2 ) 3 2
u A m
f
1
2
= 0.577 m
IdL u R
4 pR 2
Idfu f ( - ur )
I
uz A m
=
2a
4 pa
K u R dxdy
4 pR 2
4 u x ( - xu x - yu y - 3u z ) dx dy
7. (D) H =
2
4 p( x 2 + y 2 + 9) 3 2
-2 -
I
4
u
1f
2 pr
(r 2 + 16)
=-
IdL u R
, IdL = 4 dxu x
4 pR 2
I = 3 A, a = 0.5 m, H = 3u z A m
I
I
8
uf uf
2 pr
4 p r (r 2 + 16)
4. (B) H =
6. (A) H =
H = 0.1u f A m
rIdzu f
4 p(r 2 + z 2 ) 3 2
f = 60 , I = 3p,
-a
Idzu z (ru r - zu z )
4 p(r 2 + z 2 ) 3 2
rIdzu f
rIu f
z
- a 4 p(r 2 + z 2 ) 3 2 = 4 p r 2 (r 2 + z 2 ) 3 2
rdz
I
I
uf uf
2
2 pr
4 p -4 4 p(r + z 2 ) 3 2
At r = - 3,
4 p13
34
= - 0.281u x + 0.168 u z mA m
u f , r = ( -3) + (5) = 34
uf = u y
Hy =
I
uf 2 pr
2(12 u z - 8 u y)
4 ( - yu z - 3u y) dx dy
-2 -
2
4 p( x 2 + y 2 + 9) 3 2
12 u ydx dy
4 p( x
-2 -
3
uy
p
-2
+ y 2 + 9) 3 2
2
dy
y2 + 9
2
6
1
y
u y tan -1 = -0.75 u y A/m
p
3
3 -2
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Page
485
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
IdL u R
4 pR 2
-Idzu z ( -zu z + u y)
8. (D) H =
=
0
=
0
4 p(1 + z )
2 32
Idzu x
+
4 p(1 + z 2 ) 3 2
I zu x
=
4 p (1 + z 2 )
Idxu x ( - xu x + u y)
4 p(1 + x )
2 32
Idxu z
4 p(1 + x 2 ) 3 2
uy
2
12
uz
3 10 5 10 -3
-4
(1 + x 2 )
xu z
u x
1
Electromagnetics
( -3u x + 2 u y - u z )10 -3
I
( u x + u z ) = 0.8 ( u x + u z ) mA m
4p
= 4 10 -14 [ 6 u x + 6 u y - u z ]
H dL = 2prHf = I encl
F = ma
At r = 0.5 cm,
I encl = 10 mA
-3
-3
H f = 0.37 A m
H f = 0.27 A m
1
( -30 - 40) u x ( -u z ) = -35 u y A m
2
a=
F 4 10 -14
=
[6u x + 6u y - u z ]
m 5 10 -26
= 800[ 6 u x + 6 u y - u z ] 10 9 m s 2
19. (C) F = e v B
= - (1.6 10 -19)( 4.5 10 7 u y)(2.5 10 -3 u z )
= -1.8 10 -14 u x N
This force will be constant during the time the electron
travels the field. It establishes a negative x directed
velocity as it leaves the field, given by the acceleration
times the transit time tt ,
Ftt -1.8 10 -14 2.5 10 -2
=
m 9.1 10 -31 4.5 10 7
0.5 - 0.025
=
= 106
. 10 -8 s
4.5 10 7
vx =
t50
= -11
. 10 7 m s
given by
. 10 7)(106
. 10 -8 ) = -0.117 m
x = vx t50 = -(11
x = -117
. cm, z = 0
C
1
14. (A) H = ( -30 + 40) u x + ( -u z ) = 5 u y A m
2
15. (C) J = H =
=
1
r2
2 +
2
r r
1 (rH f)
uz
r r
u z = u z A m
= ( 6 10 -3) dzu z
1
1 3
r = 0
r r r
( 6 10
1
-3
) dxu x
15m o
uy
2 px
45 10 -3
m o ln 3u z = 19.8 u z nN
p
15m o
u y = -1.8 10 -8 u x = -18 u x nN
2 p( 3)
21. (C) The field from the long wire now varies with
FAB =
16. (D) J =
wire at BC
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Magnetostatics
22. (A) This will be the vector sum of the forces on the
four sides. By symmetry, the forces on sides AB and CD
will be equal and opposite, and so will cancel. This
leaves the sum of forces on side BC and DA
4
FDA =
-( 6 10
-3
) dxu z
15m o
u y = 54 u x nN
2 p(1)
Chap 8.3
28. (A) F =
K BdS =
area
1 1 .5
6u
0 0 .5
-5m o u x
dy
2 py
15m o 15
.
=ln
u y = -6.6 u y mN m
p
0.5
29. (A) c m + 1 = m r , c m + 1 = 6.5 , c m = 5.5
= 4 p 10 -7 6.5(10 u x + 25 u y - 40 u z )
u x B = u x [ 6 xu x - 9 yu y + 3zu z ] = 3zu y - 9 yu z
u y B = u y[ 6 xu x - 9 yu y + 3zu z ] = 3zu x - 6 xu z
z = 0 for all element
3
32. (B) W =
= I ( -18 - 18 + 36 + 6) u z = 5 6 u z = 30 u z N
24. (B) Within the region -1 < y < 1, the magnetic fields
from the two outer sheets (carrying -4u z A m) cancel,
leaving only the field from the center sheet. Therefore
1
1
H B = mH 2
2
2
1
6.5 4 p 10 -7 (100 + 625 + 1600) = 9.5 mJ m 2
2
33. (D) m r = c m + 1 = 31
. + 1 = 4.1, m = m om r = 4.1m o
H=
0.4 yu z
B
=
= 77.6 yu z kA m
m 4.1 4 p 10 -7
-100 m o u y
2 p (5 10 -3)
= 0.4 u x N m
m r1 =
27. (B) The field from the current strip at the filament
location
3m o
.
6m o u x
15
dy =
ln
u x
y
p
0
2
p
.5
0 .5
1 .5
B=
= 1.32 10 -6 u x Wb m 2
1
F = IdL B
0
1
1
m
=
= 1326.3
m o 600 4 p 10 -7
M1 = c m H1 = 1590
.
106 A m
1.4
B
For case 2, m = 2 =
H 2 400
IdL B
= 100 dzu z
2
B1
=
H 1200
c m = m r - 1 = 1325.3
F
25. (D)
= Iu x ( -4m o u x ) = 0
m
26. (A) F =
34. (A) M = c m H = ( 31
. )(77.6) yu z = 241 yu z kA m
1.4
= 2785.2
400 4 p 10 -7
c m = 2784.2 2784.2
M 2 = c m H 2 = 1114
.
106 A m
DM = (1590
.
- 1114
.
) 106 = 476 kA m
36. (B) M = Nm = (2.7 10 29)(2.6 10 -30 u y)
= 0.7 u y A m
H=
0.7 u y
M
=
= 0.22 u y A m
m r - 1 4.2 - 1
37. (A) M =
www.gatehelp.com
B
mo
+ 1
cm
-1
Page
487
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
-1
Electromagnetics
0.02 1
+ 1 = 47.6 A m
4 p 10 -7 0.003
H N1 = (H1 u N 21 ) u N 21
H1 u N 21 = (50 u x - 30 u y + 20 u z ) (0.37 u x + 0.56 u y - 0.74u z )
1
1
38. (A) W = H B = m o H 2
2
2
1
= ( 4 p 10 -7)( 600) 2 = 0.226 J m 3
2
Ho
HT1 = H1 - H N1
H. dB = H 3 + 2 H dH
39. (A) W =
2
o
Ho
(H1 u N 21 ) u N 21 = ( -131
. )(0.37 u x + 0.56 u y - 0.74 u z )
3
o
2H
H
+
= 6.2 MJ m 3
6
3
40. (A) J b = M =
H T 2 = H T1
m
2
H N 2 = r1 H N1 = ( -4.83u x - 7.24 u y + 9.66 u z )
m r2
5
12
uz
a
= -193
. u x - 2.90 u y + 3.86 u z A m
H 2 = H T 2 + H N 2 = (54.83u x - 22.76 u y + 10.34 u z )
+ ( -193
. u x - 2.9 u y + 3.86 u z )
= 52.9 u x - 25.66 u y + 14.2 u z
********
B1 N
= 26.40 u x + 2112
. u y + 28.16 u z
12m o
in
the
direction
of
increasing
values
of
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
Electromagnetics
30 cm. Let B = x u z T.
VM
0.2 cm
I
Fig. P8.4.89.
16 cm
(A) -21.6 V
(B) 21.6 V
Fig. P8.41214
(C) -6.3 V
(D) 6.3 V
(A) -1.68 V
(B) 1.68 V
I is
(C) -0.933 V
(D) 0.933 V
(A) -45 mA
(B) 45 mA
(C) -60 mA
(D)60 mA
0.5 sec is
P8.4.10-11.
(A) -12.3 mA
(B) 12.3 mA
(C) -7.77 mA
(D) 77.7 mA
y
I(t)
250 W
Fig. P8.4.1011
200
sin (10 5 t) u r A m 2
r
(B)
400
sin (10 5 t) u r A m 2
r
(C)
100
cos (10 5 t) u r A m 2
r
(A) 0.1
(B) 10
(C) 0.2
(D) 20
(A)
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Maxwells Equations
P = 60 sin ( wt + 10 x) u z
R = 3r 2 cot f u r + 1r cos fu f
S=
(A) 4.3
(B) 2.25
(C) 5
(D) 6
1
r
sin q sin ( wt - 6 r) u q
(B) R, S
(C) P, R
(D) Q, S
Chap 8.4
the displacement
current is
100
cos (10 9 t - 6 z) u r V m.
r
116
sin (10 9 t - 6 z) u r A m 2
r
(C) -
0.9
sin (10 9 t - 6 z) u r A m 2
r
(D) -
216
cos (10 9 t - 6 z) u r A m 2
r
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 16
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491
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
Electromagnetics
SOLUTIONS
(B) 4.44 10 -4
(C) 2.68 10 -6
(D) 1.68 10 -7
1. (B) emf = -
conductor
current
2 sin (10 9 t)
mA.
If
2. (A) emf =
(B) 8.11 nA m
(D) 16.4 m A m 2
(C) 32.6 nA m 2
emf = Vba ( t) = -
dF
dt
then r v is
(A) 3z 2 cos (10 4 t) mC m 3
(B) 0.3z 2 cos (10 4 t) mC m 3
(C) -3z cos (10 t) mC m
2
1
1
Bo wL2 = ( 4)(2)(2) 2 = 16 V
2
2
dF
d
B dS
=dt
dt
5. (A) emf = -
H = 10 cos (10 t - 4 y) u z
11
dF
d
=dt
dt
B u dz
z
loop area
d
( 3)( 4)( 6) cos 5000 t = -360000 sin 5000 t
dt
I=
emf
360000 sin 5000 t
= - 0.4 sin 5000 t A
=R
900 10 3
6. (C) F =
20m
cos ( 3 108 t - y) dx dy
0 0
Emf = -
dF
dt
8. (A) F =
B dS =
area
E = 5 cos(10 9 t - 8 x) u x + 4 sin(10 9 t - 8 x) u z V m.
(A) 3.39
(B) 1.84
(C) 5.76
(D) 2.4
***********
Page
492
t dtdy
2
= 0.1 x 3 = 0.1(5 t + 4 t 3) 3 Wb
0 .3 x
emf = -
dF
= -0.1( 3)(5 t + 4 t 3) 2 (5 + 12 t 2 )
dt
emf = -0.933 V
t = 0.119 s
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Maxwells Equations
10. (A) F =
B dS = 6(0.5)
Chap 8.4
cos (120 pt - 30 ) Wb
area
Quality factor
dF
emf = = 6(0.5) 2 (120 p) sin (120 pt - 30 )
dt
The current is
area
1
p
1
sin pct - - sin pct = [ - cos pct - sin pct ] mWb
p
2
p
dF
emf = = c [cos pct - sin pct ] mV
dt
=
I ( t) =
Ic
8
= 0.1
80
16. (A) P = 0, P = -
emf 3 108
=
[cos pct - sin pct ] mA
250
R
is a possible EM field
sin f
1
( 3r 2 cot f)
R =
0, R is not an EM field.
r r
r
S =
(sin 2 f)
1
sin ( wt - 6 r)
0
r sin q
r
2
= 12
. [cos pct - sin pct ] A
17. (A) D = eE = e
V
d
18. (C)
D
E
100
=e
Jd =
= eo
[ - sin (10 9 t - 6 z)] 10 9 u r A m 2
t
t
r
=-
0.9
sin (10 9 t - 6 z) u r A m 2
r
19. (D) D = J d dt + C1 =
20 10 -6
sin (15
. 108 - ax) u y
15
. 108
. 108 t - ax) u y C m 3
= 1.33 10 -13 sin (15
C1 is set to zero since no DC fields are present.
E=
Rr = 44 W
dD e dV
=
dt d dt
eS dV 2 e o 5 10 -4
=
10 3 50 cos (10 3 t)
3 10 -3
d dt
At 0.5 s,
Jd =
Rr = 6 + 2 (2 (14 - 9 t)),
Pz
uy 0
x
P is a possible EM field
1
Q = 0, Q =
[10 cos ( wt - 2r)]u z 0
r r
0 .5
11. (D) F =
Id
100
cos (10 5 t) u r A m 2
r
D 1.33 10 -13
=
sin (15
. 108 - ax) u y
e
5 eo
= 3 10 -3 sin (15
. 108 t - ax) V m
20. (D) E =
E y
x
uz = -
B
t
B
t
B=
a( 3 10 -3)
sin (15
. 108 t - ax) u z
15
. 108
H=
2 10 -11
B
=
sin (15
. 108 t - ax) u z A m
m 4 4 p 10 -7
. 108 t - ax) u z mA m
= 4 10 -6 a sin (15
21. (B) H = www.gatehelp.com
H z
u y = Jd
x
Page
493
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
= a 2 ( 4 10 -6 ) cos (15
. 108 t - ax) = J D
Electromagnetics
H z
D
uy =
x
t
2b
cos (1010 t - bx) u y C m 2
D =1010
b=
w
. 10 -10 = 600
= 1010 me = 1010 3 10 -5 12
v
Jd =
E=
Ic
sS
4.6 e o (10 9)
2 cos (10 9 t) 10 -3
2.5 106 10 10 -4
Ic
= sE
S
E
e I c
Jd = e
=
t sS t
|J d | = 32.6 nA m 2
24. (A) H = -
2 10 -3
= 4.44 10 -4
2 p 10 9 81 e o
28. (C) J c =
D
= 2b sin (1010 t - bx) u y
t
Jc
sE
s
=
=
J d weE we
3z 2 cos (10 4 t)
+ C1
10 4
rv =
ux
8r
t
At z = 0, r v = 0, C1 = 0
r v = 0.3z 2 cos (10 4 t) mC m 3
E
H = 0.04 cos (10 t - 0.01z) u x = e o
t
6
30. (D) J d = H =
H z
ux
y
= 40 sin (10 9 t - 4 y) u y A m
31. (A) H = -
Ex
H
25. (B) E =
uy = -m
z
t
-0.04(0.01)
H
cos (106 t - 0.01z) u y = - m rm o
106 e o
t
H=
0.04(0.01)
sin (106 t - 0.013) u y
(106 )(106 )m rm o e o
0.04(0.01)
=4
1012 m rm o e o
mr =
(0.04)(0.01)
( 3 108 ) 2 = 9
4(1012 )
H=
Er
(16 p)( 8 p)
H
uf =
cos ( 8 pz) sin ( wt) u f = -m
z
rew
t
6(0.833)
sin (bx) sin (108 t) u y V m
6.25 e o 108
b=
w w
=
er ,
v c
8=
10 9
108 e r
3
128 p2
cos ( 8 pz) cos ( wt) u f
rew2
w=
8p
me
8p
4 10
-11
2.5 10 -6
= 8 p 108 rad s
Page
494
w = 10 9, b = 8,
e r = 5.76
**********
6.25 = 0.833
16 p
sin ( 8 pz) sin ( wt) u r
rew
128 p2 2
=
remw2 r
w w
108
=
er =
v c
3 108
16 p
E
=
sin ( 8 pz) cos ( wt) u r = e
r
t
E=
e = 6.25 e o , b =
E=
H f
26. (D) H = ur
z
E=
H z
E
uz = e
y
t
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
8.5
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION
(B) 2.2 10 7 m s
-j
2p
x
3
-j
2p
x
3
uz m A m
(B) -16 e
ux m A m
-j
2p
x
3
-j
2p
x
3
(D) -16 e
uz m A m
ux m A m
2p
(A) j12 sin
x u y mV m
3
2p
(B) - j12 sin
x u y mV m
3
(A) 34 mW m 2
(B) 17 mW m 2
(C) 22 mW m 2
(D) 44 mW m 2
2p
(C) 12 cos
x u y mV m
3
2p
(D) -12 cos
x u y mV m
3
field phasor H s is
(B) x = -15
. m
(C) x = 3 m
(D) x = - 3 m
vp is
( -u z + ju y) e - j15x
(B)
12
ho
( u z + ju y) e - j15x
(C)
12
ho
( -u z - ju y) e - j15x
(D)
12
ho
( u z - ju y) e - j15x
12
ho
(A)
(B) 1823
(C) 2468
(D) 1374
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Page
495
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
Electromagnetics
16.
(A) 4.43
(B) 9.99
(C) 5.57
60
long
aluminium
( s = 35
. 10 7 S m,
50
MHz
lossy
dielectric
material
is
(A) 0.19 W
(B) 3.48 W
(C) 1.46 W
(D) 2.43 W
wave-guide is
(A) 6.41 mm
(B) 3.86 mm
(C) 5.21 mm
(D) 2.94 mm
(A) 101.4 W
(B) 167.4 W
(C) 98.3 W
(D) 67.3 W
media has
Es = (5 u x + 12 u y) e - gz , g = 0.2 + j 3.4 m -1
non
magnetic
has
an
intrinsic
impedance 360 30 W.
is
(A) 10.34
(B) 5.66
(C) 4.36
(D) 12.60
(B) 0.5
(C) 1.732
(D) 0.577
0 < z < 3 m is
(B) 1.234
(C) 0.936
(D) 0.548
(A) 4.12 dB
(B) 8.24 dB
(C) 10.42 dB
(D) 5.21 dB
(A) 2
(C)
1
3
(D) 3
(B) 5.05 m
(C) 8.46 m
(D) 4.23 m
Page
496
1
2
(B) 1
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
Electromagnetics
s = 0.
The
total
electric
field
here
is
given
(B) 193 - j 49 W
(D) 49 - j193 W
has
frequency
m 3 = 4 mH m, e 3 = 10 pF m
V m. The intrinsic
of
3 1010
rad s.
Its
(B) 1.27
(C) 2.38
(D) 4.16
(A) 6.25%
(B) 12.5%
(C) 25%
(D) 50%
plate is
(B) 0.6
(C) 2
(D) 1.16
(A) 1.12
(B) 1.34
(C) 1.70
(D) 1.93
z
z
8
E = 2 cos 108 t u x - sin 10 t uy V m
3
3
(B) 3
(C) 16
(D) 9
(B) 9
(C) 6
(D)
(B) 6.38
(C) 42.6
(B) 0.3
(C) 0.7
(D) 0.49
m 1 = 4 mH m, e1 = 10 pF m
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
SOLUTIONS
1. (A) w = 2 p 10
rad s
w
2 p 10
2p
=
=
rad m
c
3 108
3
Es = 6 e
2p
-j x
3
u y mV m
uE u H = ux ,
Hs =
6
e
120 p
-j
2p
x
3
u y u H = ux ,
uz
= 16 e
-j
2p
x
3
u H = uz
10 =
x=
uz m A m
Er = -6 e
2p
x
3
52
2
[ 1+ x
s
= 1823
we
1 + x2 - 1
1 + x2 + 1
me
s
1+
- 1
2
we
2p
= - j12 sin
x u y mV m
3
10. (D) a = w
s
0.08
=
=8
we
3.6 50 106 2 pe o
2 p 50 106
3 108
(2.1)( 3.6)
( 65 - 1) = 5.41
2
me
s
1+
+ 1
2
we
2 p 50 106
3 108
(2.1)( 3.6)
( 65 + 1) = 6.13
2
Therefore u E u H = u x .
uH = - uy
For u E = u y , u y u H = u x u H = u z
1
Hs =
( -2 u y + 3u z ) e - jbx = ( -5.3u y + 8 u z ) e - jbx mA m
120 p
6. (B) Pavg =
a=
b=w
For u E = u z , u z u H = u x
+1
a = 10 0.999 = 9.99
2p
-j x
- j 2 px
E = Ei + Er = 6 e 3 u y - 6 e 3 u y mV m
4. (C) vp =
a
1822
=
b
1824
u y mV m,
2 p 5 106
3 108
a
=
b
9. (B)
s
=x
we
me
s
1+
+ 1
2
we
b=w
b=
Chap 8.5
1
Re {Es H *s }
2
12. (C)
1
{(5.3) u x + 3( 8) u x } 10 -3 = 17.3u x mW m 2
2
7. (D) Since Pointing vector is in the positive x
direction, therefore u E u H = u x .
For u E = u y , u y u H = u x
u H = uz
For u E = u z , u z u H = u x
12
Hs =
( u z - ju y) e - j 15x
ho
u H = -u y ,
m
e
1 + s
we
1
4
2.1
3.6 = 101.4
1
64 4
s
= tan 2 q n = tan 60 = 1732
.
we
120 p
360 =
m
e
2 4
1 + s
we
120p
er
e r = 0.548
2 4
(1 + 1732
.
)
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Page
499
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
ho
- ho
1
h2 - h1
G=
= 2
=ho
3
h2 + h1
+ ho
2
1
1 + |G| 1 + 3
s=
=
=2
1 - |G| 1 - 1
3
Eo e - a1 = (1 - 0.18) Eo
e - a1 = 0.82
q n = 24
1
= 0.198
0.82
s
tan 2 q n =
= 1111
.
we
a = ln
s
1+
-1
we
a
=
b
h
2 o
2h2
2 =2
21. (A) t =
=
h2 + h1 ho + 2
3
2
s
1+
+1
we
0.198
=
b
234 - 1
234 + 1
b = 0.448
g = a + jb = 0.198 + j0.448
15. (B) d =
d=
1
pfsm
Rac =
23. (C) h1 = ho , h2 =
1
p 5 10 35
. 10 7 m o
= 120 mm
l
sdw
5
p 12 10 m o 6.1 10 7
= 2.94 mm
h1 = ho
377
h - 377
= 2
3000 h 2 + 377
e r = 12.5,
G=
Eor = -
20. (A) h1 = ho , h2 = ho
Page
500
mr
h
= o
2
er
h - h1 18
h1 = 2
-3
h2 + h1 6 10
h2 = 485.37 = ho
mr
er
m r = 20.75
25. (A) h1 = ho , h2 = ho
0.6 Np = 5. 21 dB.
h - ho
3000
ho = 2
h2 + ho
E = (5 u x + 12 u y) e -0 .8 cos - 13.6
4
1 Np = 8.686 DB,
mr
mr
= ho
12.5
er
Eor
h - h1
=G = 2
Eoi
h2 + h1
h - h1
Eoi
h1 H or = 2
h2 + h1
pfms
At z = 4 m, t =
24. (D) h1 = ho , h2 = ho
m ho ho
=
=
2
e er
ho
- ho
1
h2 - h1
G=
= 2
=ho
3
h2 + h1 1
+ ho
2
f = 5 10 5 Hz,
5
17. (D) t = 5 d =
1
( 42) = -14
3
Er = - 14 cos ( wt - z) u x V m
1
1
=
= 5.05
a
0.198
Electromagnetics
m r ho
=
2
er
1
h2 - h1
=3
h2 + h1
1
10
(10) = 3
3
10
Eor
H or =
=
= 8.8 10 -3
ho
3 377
uE u H = uk ,
-u y u H = -u z
H r = -8.8 cos ( wt - z) u x mA m
w w
b =1 = =
m r er
v c
www.gatehelp.com
u H = -u x
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
w=
3 108
12 3
26. (D) h1 = ho , h2 = ho
33.(A) G =
G=
m r ho
=
= 0.58ho
er
3
h - h1 0.58ho - ho
G= 2
=
= -0. 266
h2 + h1 0.58h o + h o
ho
G=
1
sin 45 = 0.333
4.5
sin q t1 =
q t1 = 19.47
q t2 = sin -1 0.47 = 28
But cos q t =
G=
h1
h
cos q B = o cos 58.2 = 2.6 cos 58.2
ho
h2
2.6
q t = 31.8
mr
h
= o = 0.447ho
er
5
Ei
Er
ho -
h - h1
G= 2
= - 0.38, t = 1 + G = 0.62
h2 + h1
G=
h2 - h1
=
h2 + h1
m r2
m r1
+ ho
er 2
e r1
ho
m r 2 1 + 0.447
=
= 0.382, 2.62
m r1 1 0.447
e r1 m r 2
=
e r 2 m r1
= 0.056, 17.9
m r1
m r2
m r32
m r31
m r2
m r1
+
m r32
m r31
e r1
-1
er 2
e r1
er 2
l2
-1
l
= 1
l2
+1
+1
l1
mr
h
= o
er
er
1 h2 - h1
=
2 h2 + h1
ho
er 1
=
ho
2
ho +
er
G = 0.447
m r2
m r1
- ho
er 2
e r1
ho
1+
e r1 l2
=
e r 2 l1
1
l2 - l1 3 - 5
=
=4
l2 + l1 3 + 5
36. (D) h2 = ho , h1 = ho
G=
1
4 = 5
35. (A) s =
=
1
1 - |G|
3
14
2.6 e o
= 2.6
eo
31. (A) h1 = ho , h2 = ho
ho
er 2
e r1
h2 - h1
=
=
ho
ho
h2 + h1
+
er 2
e r1
1 + |G|
e
4.5
29. (B) sin q t 2 = 1 sin q t1 =
(0.333) = 0.47
e2
2.25
tan q B =
= 692 + j176 W
e j 20
3
e j 20
3
28. (B) m o = m 1 = m 2
eo
sin q i
e1
1 +
= 377
2 pc
2 pc
34. (A) e r1 =
, e r 2 =
l1 w
l2 w
h2 - h1
, h1 = ho ,
h2 + h1
1 + G
h2 = ho
1-G
Et = 7.34 cos ( wt - z) u y V m
Er 50 20 e j 20
=
=
Ei
150
3
t = 1 + G = 0.734,
sin q t1 =
Chap 8.5
er = 9
( f + p)
= 0.3l ,
2b
2p
f = 0.2 p
l
s -1
3 -1 1
=
=
|G| =
s+1
3+1 2
h - ho
G = 0.5 e j 0 .2 p = 2
h2 + ho
b=
m r1 - m r 2
m r1 + m r 2
1 + 0.5 e j 0 .2 p
= 641 + j502 W
h2 = ho
j 0 .2 p
1 - 0.5 e
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Page
501
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
ho
3.45
ho
3.45
- ho
+ ho
= -0.3
f =
p
0.06
1
2 0.06 2 10 -6 25 10 -12
= 118
. GHz
m1
4 10 -6
=
= 632 W
e1
10 -11
h3 = 632 W
h2 =
m2
2 10 -6
=
= 283 W
e2
25 10 -12
283 + j 632(0.134)
h2 + jh3 tan (b2 d)
= 590 - j138
h - h1 590 - j138 - 632
G = in
=
= 0.12 - 100.5
h in + h1 590 - j138 + 632
s=
1 + |G|
1 - |G|
1 + 0.12
= 1.27
1 - 0.12
41. (C) bd =
2p l p
p
= , tan
=1
l 8 4
4
h2 = 260, h1 = h3 = ho
h + jh2 tan (b2 d)
377 + j260
= 260
hin = h2 3
+
j
tan
(
d
)
h
h
b
260 + j 377
2
3
2
= 243 - j92 W
h - ho 243 - j92 - 377
G = in
=
= 0.26 - 137
hin + ho 243 - j92 + 377
s=
1 + |G|
1 - |G|
126
.
= 170
.
0.74
er
e r = 3.
er 2
= sin -1
e r1
1
= 6.38
81
********
2
w m 2 e2 =
108
3 108
mr
ho
=
er
3.45
38. (A) h1 = ho , h2 = ho
h - h1
G= 2
=
h2 + h1
Electromagnetics
1
3
rad m, v =
c
er
w
b
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
8.7
WAVEGUIDES
12 GHz.
(A) TM10
(B) TM 01
(C) TE01
(D) TE10
(B) 4 GHz
(C) 5 GHz
(D) 8 GHz
(B) 154
. 106 m s
(C) 305
. 10 m s
(D) 7.48 10 m s
2 px
3py
12
Ez = 10 sin
sin
cos (10 t - bz) V m
a
b
If the waveguide has cross-sectional dimension
(A) 3 cm by 1.25 cm
(B) 1.25 cm by 3 cm
this mode is
(C) 6 cm by 2.5 cm
(D) 2.5 cm by 6 cm
(A) 373.2 W
(B) 378.9 W
(C) 375.1 W
(D) 380.0 W
(A) 920 ns
(B) 460 ns
(C) 230 ns
(D) 430 ns
www.gatehelp.com
2 px
py
E y = 15 sin
cos sin ( wt - 12 z) V m
a
b
Page
511
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
Electromagnetics
(B) 3978 W
(C) 1989 W
(D) 71.44 W
2.5 cm
mo, eo
mo, 2.25eo
z
5 cm
Fig. P8.7.16
(A) -3.911
(B) 2.468
TE mode is
(C) 1.564
(D) 4.389
2 px
3py
10
E y = 12 sin
cos
sin (10 p 10 t - bz) V m
a
b
P8.7.1719.
(A) j4094.2
(B) j400.7
(C) j2733.3
(D) j276.4
(B) 168 W
(C) 986 W
(D) 144 W
rectangular
waveguide
is
filled
(B) TM110
(C) TE101
(D) TM101
Fig. P8.7.1719
15.
(A) TE011
(B) TM110
(C) TE101
(D) TM101
with
(A) TE011
(B) TM110
(C) TE101
(D) TM101
TM110 mode is
(A) 2248 W
(B) 337.2 W
(A) 5 GHz
(C) 421.4 W
(D) 632.2 W
(D) 9 GHz
Page
512
www.gatehelp.com
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
Electromagnetics
SOLUTIONS
1. (A) fc =
er2 = 2.1
1 cm
z
Fig. P8.7.34
v m
n
+
2 a
b
3 108
2 6 10 -2
1
1
+ = 3.68 GHz
2
3
2
f
f
w
2. (C) bp = b 1 - c =
1 - c
f
v
f
bp =
2 p 20 10 9 6
3.68
1 -
= 1009 rad m
3 108
20
3. (A) vp =
w
2 p 20 10 9
=
= 1.24 108 m s
bp
1009
v
3 108
=
= 3 cm
2 fc 2 5 10 9
a=
c
f
1 - c
f
t=
v
,
2b
v
3 108
=
= 1.25 cm
2 fc 2 12 10 9
5. (D) v =
v
,
2a
3 108
6.5
1 -
7.2
= 6.975 108 ms
2l
2 150
=
= 430 ns
v 6.975 108
6. (C) 12 10 9 =
ensured
in
both
guide.
For
this
(B) 2
(C) 1
(D) 6
3 108
3
0+
2
b
2
12
. 10 9 =
b = 375
. cm
2
3 108 1
1
+
a = 1.32 cm
2
. 10 -2
a
375
7. (B) fc 01 =
3 108
v
=
= 4 GHz
2 b 2 375
. 10 -2
(B) 6.8 cm
(C) 4.3 cm
(D) 8.6 cm
*************
Page
514
fc =
3 108
2 10 -2
f =
w 1012
=
= 159.2 GHz
2p 2p
www.gatehelp.com
2
3
+ = 15.81 GHz
6
3
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Waveguides
Chap 8.7
ho
377
f
15.81
hTM = 377 1 - c = 377 1 -
= 375.1 W
f
159.2
h1 =
In dielectric medium
f
w
1 - c
bp =
v
f
2 p 6 10 9
f
12 =
1 - c
8
3 10
6
fc =
h=
fc = 5.973 GHz
377
f
1 - c
f
377
5.973
1 -
= 3978 W
11. (B) m = 2, n = 3,
2
fc =
2
3
2
.
286
.
1016
3 108
c m
n
+ =
2 a
2 10 -2
b
f
1 - c
f
er
3 108
377
2.25
= 251.33 W, h2 =
f
1 - c
f
259.23 - 406.7
h2 - h1
=
= -0.22
259.23 + 406.7
h2 + h1
s=
1 + |G| 1 + 0.22
=
= 1564
.
1 -|G| 1 - 0.22
46.2
1 -
50
377
46.2
1 -
50
hTE =
h
f
1 - c
f
f
1 - c
1.2 f c
n = 1, 2, 3.....
= 986 W
p = 1, 2, 3...... ,
1
1 1
>
>
a
b c
fr1 =
377
= 251.33 W
.
15
251.33
16
1 -
24
v 1
1
+
2 a
b
= 337.2 W
For TE mode to z
= 5. 42 108 m s
er
v m
n
p
+ +
2 a
b
c
3 10
= 259.23 W
p = 0, 1, 2 ......
f
f
14. (A) v g = v 1 - c = c 1 - c = 1.66 108 m s
. fc
f
12
377
n = 1, 2, 3...... ,
fr 2 =
15. (B) h =
2
1 -
8
m = 1, 2, 3.....,
251.33
G=
= 2 GHz
2 0.05 2.25
m = 1, 2, 3...... ,
= 406.7 W
2 p 50 10 9
=
3 108
377
ho
3
1 -
8
2 a er
17. (A) fr =
10 p 1010
= 50 GHz
2p
f
w
1 - c
bp =
v
f
= 46.2 GHz
f =
f
1 - c
f
c
3 108
=
= 3 GHz
2 a 2 0.05
v 1
1
+
2 b
c
1 1 1
< <
a b c
fr1 =
v 1
1
+
2 a
b
fr 2 =
v 1
1
+
2 a
c
fr 2 > fr1
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
1 1 1
= <
a c b
fr1 =
v 1
1
+
2 a
b
fr 2 =
v 1
1
+
2 a
c
v m
n
p
+ +
2 a
b
c
3 108 2
2
a
m<
mc
2 b er
f >
a = 10.6 cm
2 3 108
2 0.01 e r
mc
2 b er
15
. 108
a
12
. 15
. 108
a
3 10 9 <
er = 9
m<
15
. 108
,
b
0.8 15
. 108
b
27. (C) fc =
= 10 10
c
3 108
=
= 2.3 GHz
2 a 2 0.065
vp =
f
1 - c
f
3 108
2.3
1 -
= 4.7 108 m s
2 fb e r
c
Rs =
m < 316
.
p 9 10 9 4 p 10 -7
= 0.0568
. 10 7
11
1
pfm
=
=
sc d
sc
2
2
2 b fc
2 15
. 3.876
Rs 1 +
0.0568 1 +
a f
2.4 9
=
ac =
2
2
f
3.876
15
. 10 -2 233.8 1 -
bh 1 - c
9
f
= 0.022
,
fc 2 = 2 fc1 = 15 GHz
29. (B)
f =
c
3 108
=
= 20 GHz
l
0.015
vg2
f
15
8
= c 1 - c = 3 108 1 -
= 2 10 m s
20
f
Page
516
3 10 9 >
m 2 + k2 n2
a > 6 cm
25. (A) fc =
2 b er
c m
15
. 108
n
+ =
2 a
a
b
7.21
2 30 10 9 0.01 2.5
3 108
mc
6.15
3 GHz > 12
. fc
6.8
2 b er
14.4
22. (A) fc =
lc (cm)
v m
n
p
+ +
2 a
b
c
mc
TE20
fcmn =
2 10 9 =
TE11
3 108 1
1
+ = 9 GHz
2 0.01 3
2
fr =
TE01
TE10
Mode
Electromagnetics
sd
10 -15
10 -15
=
=
we 2 p 9 10 9 2.6 8.85 10 -12
1.3
sd
<< 1, hence v
we
fc =
1
me
3 108
2 2.4 10 -2 2.6
c
2.6
, h
377
2.6
= 233.8
= 3.876 GHz
2
c m
n
+ , lc =
2
2
2 a
b
m
n
+
a
b
ad =
www.gatehelp.com
sdh
f
1 - c
f
10 -15 233.8
3.876
2 1 -
= 1.3 10 -13 Np m
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Waveguides
-7
= 1.429 10 -2 W
2 b fc
2 3.4 2.08
-2
Rs 1 +
a f 1.429 10 1 + 7.2 3
=
ac =
2
2
f
2.08
377 0.034 1 -
bh 1 - c
3
f
e- a c z
1
=
2
-3
Np m
z=
1
ln 2 = 308 m
ac
c m
3 108 m
n
n
+ =
+
2 a
2 0.01 8
10
b
2
34. (B) The ray angle is such that the wave is interface
fc1 =
f =
2 b e r1
3 1010
= 7.5 GHz
2 1 2
7.5
fc1
=
= 12.8 GHz
cos q cos 54.1
fc10 =
c
a2 e r
fc 01 =
m
n
= 15 +
GHz
8
10
c
b2 e r
c
2 er
m
n
+
a
b
3 108
= 2 GHz
. 0.06
2 125
3 108
= 3 GHz
. 0.04
2 125
fc 01 = 15
. GHz,
fc 20 = 375
. GHz ,
fc 02 = 3 GHz,
fc 21 = 4.04 GHz,
fc12 = 354
. GHz,
3 108
. 10 -2
2 125
37. (A) fc =
will be transmitted.
c
2 er
m
n
+ , In guide 1 e r = 1
2b
b
mp
np w
g = a + jb =
-
+
a
b n
mp w
p 2 p 3 10
a=
- =
-
8
a
c
0.04 3 10
2
33. (B) fc =
fc10 =
c m
n
+
2 a
b
c
2b
c
2 e r 2 (2 b)
c
2 e r 2 ( b)
c
2(2 b)
c m
3 108
n
GHz
.
fc =
= 375
+ =
2 a
2 0.04
b
1
1
+ = 3.6 GHz
6
4
2.1
= 35.9 .
4
35. (A) fc =
31. (B)
fcmn =
2p 1.5 1.875
p
-
3 108
0.08
= 2.25 10
= j439
.
p 3 10 4 p 10
5.8 10 7
pfm o
=
sc
mp
np
w
+
- =
a
b
n
g=
c
3 108
=
= 2.08 GHz
2 a 2 0.072
Rs =
Chap 8.7
= 47.1
c
c
<f <
2(2 b)
2 e r ( b)
f <
3 10 9 <
3 108
c
=
= 1.875 GHz
2 a 2 0.08
er < 4
v
3 108
=
2 b 2 b 2.1
3 108
2 b 2.1
b < 3.4 cm
*******************
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Page
517
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
8.8
ANTENNAS
(A) 6.36u r mW m 2
(B) 4.78u r mW m 2
(C) 9.55u r mW m 2
(D) 12.73u r mW m 2
(A) 0.252 V m
(B) 0.126 V m
(C) 0.04 V m
(D) 0.08 V m
(B) 94.25 mA m
(C) j0.5 mA m
(D) 188.5 mA m
(A) 24 mV m
(B) 85 mV m
(C) 109 mV m
(D) 12 mV m
1
r
(A) 0.23 W
(B) 0.89 W
(C) 1.68 W
(D) 1.23 W
8.
At
Pave =
the
far
field,
an
antenna
1
r2
p
2
0<q<p
and
3. The E at point P is
(A) j0.25 mV m
(B) j0.5 mV m
(C) j94.25 mV m
(D) j188.5 mV m
(B) 1.263 W
(C) 2.186 W
(D) 2.693 W
Page
518
produces
0 < f < 2p
(A) 1.875
(B) 2.468
(C) 3.943
(D) 6.743
(A) 15
(B) 12
(C) 3
(D) 6
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0 < q < p,
0 <f<p
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Antennas
directive gain is
(A) 6 sin 2 q cos 2 f
(C) 3 sin 2 f cos 2 q
Chap 8.8
(B) 16 dB
(D) 13 dB
(A) 1.36 W
(C) 0.844 W
(B) 2.14 W
(D) 3.38 W
(B) 62.4 m 2
(D) 13.2 m 2
(B) 2.46 V m
(D) 0.17 V m
(A) 1.82 V m
(C) 0.34 V m
(B) 0.625
(D) 3.927
(B) 12 mW
(D) 126 mW
(B) 10 mW
(D) 16 mW
(B) 18.4 mW
(D) 12.7 mW
(A) 159 nW
(C) 196 mW
(B) 230 nW
(D) 318 mW
Gdt = 34 dB,
Gdr =
Target s = 2.4m2
Scattered wave
Incident
wave
4 km
Receiving
antenna
Transmitting
antenna
3 km
Fig. P8.7.23
(B) 3.2 fW
(D) 1.3 fW
(A) 1.394 kW
(C) 1.038 kW
(B) 2.046 kW
(D) 3.46 kW
(A) 9.42 mW m 2
(C) 1.32 mW m 2
(A) 48.26 dB
(C) 38.96 dB
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(B) 12.5 dB
(D) 24.7 dB
Page
519
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
Electromagnetics
SOLUTIONS
(C) 74.5%
(D) 25.5%
(D) 0, 180
2. (A) b =
Hf =
(B) q = 0, 90 , 180
(C) q = 30 , 150
(D) q = 60 , 150
)
(C) cos ( 2p cos q + 2p )
)
(D) sin ( 2p cos q + 2p )
p
2
***********
Page
520
c 3 108
=
= 100
f 3 106
dl
4
1
1
=
=
<
l 100 25 10
80 p2
dl
Rrad = 80 p2 =
= 1263
.
W
625
l
5. (C) Prad = Pave dS = Pave 2 pr 2
Pave =
Prad
150 10 3
=
= 9.55 mW m 2
2 pr 2 2 p(50 10 3) 2
P = 9.55 u r mW m 2
w 2 p 300 106
=
= 2p
c
3 108
hI obdl
sin q
4 pr
r = 10 m, q = 30 , f = 90
jI bdl
At far field H = H f = o
sin q e - jbr
4 pr
w 2 p 10 7 2 p
=
=
c
3 108
30
= 0.126 V m
| Eq| =
4 p 100
30
1. (B) b =
6. (B) Pave =
( Emax ) 2
2h
Emax = 2hPave
7. (B) Pave =
Prad =
|E|2
2h
100 sin 2 2 q
sin q dq df
2h
p
100
(2 p)(2 sin q cos q) 2 sin q dq
2 120 p 0
10
sin 3 q cos 2 qdq = 0.89 W
3 0
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 8
Gd =
2p
l = 2p , a = 0
l
bd cos q + a
AF = 2 cos
= 2 cos ( p cos q)= 2 cos ( p cos q)
2
4 p(12) 1
= 79.48 = 19 dB
0.06
10 3
27. (D) bd =
4 pr 2 Pi
Prad
Pi =
Gd Prad |E|2
=
4 pr 2
2h
(240 p) Gd Prad
|E|=
4 pr 2
( 60)( 3981)(200 10 3)
(120 10 3) 2
= 1.82 V m
21. (B) |Es|=
1.82
=
120 10 3
22. (D) l =
|Er|2 s |Ei| s
=
4 pr 2
4p
r
8
4p
l
1
Pr = Gdr Gdt
2000 = 12.7 mW
P = (1)(1)
3
4
p
r
4 p10
Gdr Gdt l
4 p 4 pr1 r2
p
3p
,
2
2
cos q =
1
2
q = 60 , 120
d( AF )
=0
dq
q = 0, 90 , 180
31. (A) ( AF ) N
Nf
sin
2
=
y
sin
2
y = bd cos q + a , N = 4
sin 4 x 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x
=
= 4 cos x cos 2 x
sin x
sin x
y p
2p l p
= cos q
bd =
= , a = 0,
2 4
l 4 2
p
sPrad
p cos q =
2p l
=p , a =p
l 2
p
bd cos q + a
p
AF = 2 cos
= cos cos q +
2
2
c
3 108
=
=1 m
f 300 106
23. (C) Pr =
30. (B) bd =
= 12 mW
Electromagnetics
3 108
= 0.06 m, Pr = 8 pW
5 10 9
2
8 10
-12
0.06
(2512)(158.5)
(2.4) Prad
4p
4
3
5
p
(
k
)(
k
)
kW
Prad = 1038
.
************
63
= 0.9
63 + 7
Gain
16
=
= 17.78 = 12.5 dB
Efficiency 0.9
25. (B) BW =
f 40 106
=
= 800 kHz
Q
50
dl
26. (C) Radiation resistance Rr = 80 p2
l
1
= 80 p2
. W
= 351
15
Efficiency =
Page
522
351
.
Rr
=
= 74.5 %
. + 12
.
Rr + RL 351
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
9.1
LINEAR ALGEBRA
0
1. If A = - 1
1
0
-2
-2
3
l
(A) 0
(B) -2
(C) 2
(D) -1
(B) 0
(D) 1
(B) 0
(D) 1
(A) 5
(B) 25
(C) 625
9. If A is Hermitian, then iA is
(A) Symmetric
(B) Skewsymmetric
(C) Hermitian
(D) SkewHermitian
(A) Singular
(B) Idempotent
(C) Involutory
(A) Symmetric
(B) Skewsymmetric
(C) Hermitian
(D) SkewHermitian.
-5 -8 0
4. The matrix, A = 3 5 0 is
1 2 -1
(A) Idempotent
(C) Singular
- 1 - 2
11. If A = 2
1
2 - 2
(B) Involutory
(D) None of these
-2
- 2 , then adj. A is equal to
(A) A
(B) c t
(C) 3A t
(D) 3A
is
(A) 1
(C) Purely real
6. The matrix, A =
-
(B) 0
(D) None of these
1
2
i
2
i
2
1
2
is
(A) Orthogonal
(B) Idempotent
(C) Unitary
-1 2
12. The inverse of the matrix
is
3 -5
5
(A)
3
2
1
-5 -2
(C)
-3 -1
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5
(B)
2
3
1
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
1
13. Let A = 5
4 0
1
(A) -10 2
4
-1 -1
0
0
1
(C) -10
-1
0
2
-1
0
0 , then A -1 is equal to
2
1
0
2
1
(B) -5
1
2
-1 -1
0
0
Engineering Mathematics
(A) 3
(B) -3
(C) 0
20.
The
system
of
equations
5 x + 3 y + 7 z = 4,
3 x + 26 y + 2 z = 9, 7 x + 2 y + 10 z = 5 has
(A) a unique solution
(B) no solution
(C) an infinite number of solutions
2 -1
14. If the rank of the matrix, A = 4 7
1 4
3
l is 2, then
the value of l is
(B) adj A 0
(D) None of these
(A) -13
(B) 13
(C) adj A = I n
(C) 3
22.
The
system
of
equations
x - 4 y + 7 z = 14,
3 x + 8 y - 2 z = 13, 7 x - 8 y + 26 z = 5 has
(B) no solution
(V) AB = A B
(B) IV & V
4
3
23. The eigen values of A =
are
9
5
(C) I & II
(A) 1
(B) 1, 1
(C) -1, - 1
1 -1
3 -2 is
4 -3
2
16. The rank of the matrix A = 0
2
(A) 3
(B) 2
2
8 -6
3
2 - 4
(C) 1
(A) 0, 3, -15
(B) 0, - 3 , - 15
(C) 0, 3, 15
(D) 0, - 3, 15
17.
The
system
15 x - 6 y + 5 z = 0,
of
equations
lx - 2 y + 2 z = 0
has
3 x - y + z = 0,
a
nonzero
solution, if l is
(A) 6
(B) -6
(C) 2
(D) -2
18.
The
system
of
equation
x - 2 y + z = 0,
4
5
(B) l =
4
3
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Linear Algebra
cos 2 f
cos f sin f
B=
cos
f
sin
f
sin 2 f
(B) 1, 4, 9
(C) 1, 2, 3
1
2
, -1
(C) 2 , - 4
1
4
(C) 4, 16
p
2
p
2
(D) 8 , - 16
eigenvalues of A T are
1
2
(B) 2 , - 1
Chap 9.1
(B) 2, 4
then A 3 is equal to
(A) 13( A - I 2 )
(C) 12( A - I 2 )
0
2
0
0
0
12
(B) 0
0
1
(C) 0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
8
32. The sum of the eigenvalues of A = 4
0
1
2
cos a - sin a2
then (I - A )
is equal to
cos a
sin a
(A) I + A
(B) I - A
(C) I + 2 A
(D) I - 2 A
- 4
, then for every positive integer
- 1
3
37. If A =
1
2
5
0
- tan a2
a
2
n, A n is equal to
3
9 is
1 + 2 n
(A)
n
4n
1 + 2 n
1 + 2 n
(B)
n
1 - 2 n
(C)
n
4n
1 + 2 n
(A) 18
(B) 15
cos a
38. If A a =
- sin a
(C) 10
statements :
equal to
sin a
, then consider the following
cos a
I. A a A b = A ab
33. If 1, 2 and 5 are the eigen values of the matrix A
then A is equal to
(A) 8
(B) 10
(C) 9
- 4n
1 - 2 n
II. A a A b = A ( a + b)
cos n a
III. ( A a ) n =
n
- sin a
sin n a
cos n a
cos na
IV. ( A a ) n =
- sin na
sin na
cos na
(B) I and IV
(D) II and IV
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Page
527
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
(B) 9A
(C) 27A
Engineering Mathematics
1 2 0
T
45. If A =
, then AA is
3 -1 4
1 3
(A)
-1 4
1 0 1
(B)
-1 2 3
1
2
(C)
1 26
(D) Undefined
equal to
(A) A
(B) A
(C) A
(D) A
3 1
(A)
6 2
5 2
(B)
2 1
6 2
(C)
9 3
8 2
(D)
4 1
(B) 28
(C) 216
0 -2 5
(A) 2
0 6
-5 -6 0
1 5 2
(B) 6 3 1
2 4 0
0 1 3
(C) 1 0 5
3 5 0
0 3 3
(D) 2 0 2
1 1 0
2 x
42. If A =
x
0
1
and A -1 =
x
-1
0
, then the value
2
of x is
(A) 1
(C)
1
2
(B) 2
(D) None of these
1
1 1 0
48. If A =
and B = 0 , the product of A and B
1 0 1
1
1 2
43. If A = 2 1 then A -1 is
1 1
is
1 4
(A) 3 2
2 5
1 -2
(B) -2
1
1 2
2 3
(C) 3 1
2 7
(D) Undefined
-1 -8 -10
(C) 1 -2
-5
15
9 22
Page
528
1 0
(B)
0 1
1
(C)
2
1 0
(D)
0 2
A
49. Matrix D is an orthogonal matrix D =
C
2 -1
1 -2 - 5
44. If A = 1 0 and B =
then AB is
0
3 4
3
4
-1 -8 -10
(A) -1 -2
5
15
9 22
1
(A)
0
0 -10
0
(B) -1 -2
-5
0 21 -15
0 -8 -10
(D) 1 -2
-5
9 21 15
value of B is
1
(A)
2
(C) 1
(B)
B
. The
0
1
2
(D) 0
(A)
( -1) a
i =1
ii
(B)
ii
(D)
i =1
(C)
( -1) a
i =1
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ii
a
i =1
ii
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Linear Algebra
t 2 cos t
dA
51. If A = t
, then dt will be
sin
e
t
Chap 9.1
SOLUTIONS
t 2 sin t
(A) t
e sin t
2t cos t
(B) t
e sin t
1. (B) A is singular if A = 0
2t - sin t
(C) t
cos t
e
(D) Undefined
0
-1
1
0
-2
-2
3 =0
l
-2
+ 2
1
l 0
1
- ( -1)
-2
- 2
0
+ 0
3 - 2
3
= 0
l
( l - 4) + 2( 3) = 0
order n n then kA = kn A .
(D) A is singular.
A = 5B A = 5B = 5 4 B = 625 B
l - 4 + 6 =0 l = -2
a = 625
************
3. (B) A is singular, if A = 0,
A is Idempotent, if A 2 = A
A is Involutory, if A 2 = I
Now, A 2 = AA = ( AB) A = A( BA) = AB = A
and B2 = BB = (BA)B = B( AB) = BA = B
A 2 = A and B2 = B,
1 2
0 -5 -8
0 3 5
-1 1 2
1 0 0
= 0 1 0 = I,
0 0 1
A2 = I
0
0
-1
A is involutory.
aij = - aij ,
2 aii = 0
aii = 0
AA Q =
1
2
i
2
1
2
i
1
2
i
2
2 1
=
1 0
2
i
0
= I2
1
Thus A is unitary.
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Page
529
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
If A is SkewHermitian then A = - A
a ji = - aij ,
and
the
-2
= -3
Similarly
1
2 - 2
2
= 6 ; M13 =
=-6
M12 =
1
2 - 2
2
-2
-1
= - 6 ; M 22 =
1
2
-1
M 23 =
2
- 2
= 6 ; M 31
- 2
-2
=
1
-1 - 2
= 6 ; M 33
M 32 =
2 - 2
-2
=3 ;
1
- 2
= 6 ;
-2
-1 - 2
=
2
= 3
1
C13 = ( -1)
C22 = ( -1)
2+ 2
2+1
2+ 3
M 21 = 6;
M 23 = -6;
C31
C12
C22
C32
T
C13
C23
C33
-5
adj A =
-3
0
0 = 4 0,
2
1
10 -10
4 0
2
-1 = 10 2
0
2
-1 -1
4
0
0
4 0
1
10 2
4
-1 -1
0
0
0
0
1
4
3
l = 0
2( 35 - 4 l) + 1(20 - l) + 3(16 - 7) = 0,
70 - 8 l + 20 - l + 27 = 0,
9 l = 117
l = 13
A = 2( -9 + 8) + 2( -2 + 3) = - 2 + 2 = 0
- 2
- 1
1
adj A
A
A -1 =
- 2 5
=
- 1 3
adj A ==
= -1
-3 -6 -6
-1 -2 -2
= 6
3 -6 = 3 2
1 -2 = 3A T
3
1
6 -6
2 -2
Page
530
-5
-3
column
-2
M 21 =
-2
1
-1
- 3
- 1
A =5
the
3 -5
-5
Also, adj A =
-2
( iA ) Q = - ( iA )
Thus iA is SkewHermitian.
leaving
by
-1
Now, Here A =
obtained
1
adj A
A
A -1 =
aii + aii = 0
Engineering Mathematics
r( A ) < 3
2 1
= 6 0
Again, one minor of order 2 is
0 3
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r( A ) = 2
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
5
3-l
= 0
- 5 - l
-4
( 3 - l)( - 5 - l) + 16 = 0
l + 2l + 1 = 0
2
Engineering Mathematics
- 15 + l + 2 l + 16 = 0
2
( l + 1) = 0
2
l = - 1, - 1
1
A(adj A) = 2 0
0
1
0
0 2
0 = 0
1 0
0
2
0
0
0
-6
2
8 -l
-6
7-l
- 4= 0
- 4 3 - l
2
l2 - 18 l2 + 45 l = 0
l( l - 3)( l - 15) = 0
diagonal elements)
so, required sum = 8 + 5 + 5 = 18
33. (B) Since the product of the eigenvalues is equal to
l = 0 , 3 , 15
34. (C)
cos q cos f cos ( q - f) cos q sin f cos ( q - f)
AB =
=A
cos f sin q cos ( q - f) sin q sin f cos ( q - f)
null matrix when cos ( q - f) = 0
p
.
2
A
l1
A
l2
,......,
A
l
; A 0. Thus
4 -4
,
i.e. 2 and-1.
2
4
A 2 = 4 A - 3I 2
A 3 = 4 A 2 - 3A = 4( 4 A - 3I) - 3A
A 3 = 13A - 12I 2
Page
532
a
1 - tan 2
2
a
2 = 1-t
36. (A) Let tan = t, then, cos a =
a
t + t2
2
1 + tan 2
2
2 tan
and sin a =
a
1 + tan 2
2
2t
1 + t2
- sin a
cos a
cos a
(I - A )
sin a
1
=
- tan a
a
2
a
2
tan
1 - t2
t 1 + t 2
1
=
-t 1 2 t
2
(1 + t )
cos a
sin a
- sin a
cos a
-2 t
(1 + t 2 )
1 - t2
1 + t 2
1 - tan
1 - t
2 = (I + A )
=
=
t
1
a
tan
1
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Linear Algebra
- 4 3
- 1 1
3
37. (B) A 2 =
1
1 + 2 n
=
n
- 4 5
=
- 1 2
- 8
- 3
1 3
1 2 0
45. (C) AA =
2 -1
3 -1 4 0 4
- 4n
, where n = 2.
1 - 2 n
cos a
38. (D) A a A b =
- sin a
cos ( a + b)
=
- sin ( a + b)
sin a cos b
cos a - sin b
sin b
cos b
1
5
=
1
26
sin ( a + b)
= Aa+ b
cos ( a + b)
- sin na cos na
39. (A) We know that adj (adj A) = A
n -2
A.
Here n = 3 and A = 3.
1
1 1 0 (1)(1) + (1)(0) + (0)(1) 1
48. (C) AB =
0 =
=
1 0 1 1 (1)(1) + (0)(0) + (1)(1) 2
( n -1 ) 2
[K
A2 = A
2 x
42. (C)
x
2 x
0
( 3-1 ) 2
0 1
x -1
0 1
=
2 x 0
A
-BC -C
B 0
-C
1
This implies B =
B=
B = 1
-BC
B
matrix.
Chap 9.1
3-1
= A 16 = 216
0 1
=
2 0
0
,
1
=B
Hence B = 1
50. (B) From linear algebra for A n n triangular matrix
0
1
So, 2 x = 1
1
x= .
2
3 4
0
-3 4
d( t 2 )
dA dt
51. (C )
=
t
dt d( e )
dt
d(cos t)
dt = 2 t - sin t
d(sin t) e t
cos t
dt
-1 -8 -10
= 1 -2
-5
15
9 -22
************
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533
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
9.2
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
(C) c = 2
1
2
2. Let f ( x) = sin 2 x, 0 x
Then, c is equal to
p
(A)
4
(C)
the curve is
p
2
and f ( c) = 0 for c ] 0, 2p [.
x
2
(C) -2
1
(D) 2
7 1
(C) ,
4 2
9 1
(D) ,
2 4
(D) None
(A) 3
7 1
(B) ,
2 4
p
(B)
3
p
6
9 1
(A) ,
4 2
(A) 0.16
(B) 0.20
(C) 0.24
(D) None
(B)
(C)
(D) 2 3
mean-value theorem is
(A) 0.5
(B) ( e - 1)
(C) 7
(C) log ( e - 1)
(D) None
(D) 11
Page
534
1) is
(A) (7, 1)
3 1
(B) ,
2 4
(A) , - 1
2
(B) ( p, - 2)
7 1
(C) ,
2 4
1 1
(D) - ,
2 2
2 p -3
(C)
,
3 2
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Differential Calculus
Chap 9.2
16. If u = tan -1
1 2
h cosec2 x + K
2
(A) 2 cos 2 u
1 2
h sec 2 x + K
2
(C)
1 2
h cosec2 x + K
2
(B)
1
tan u
4
1
sin 2 u
2
(B) sin 2u
(C) sin u
x 3 + y 3 + x 2 y - xy 2
, then the value of
x 2 - xy + y 2
u
u
is
+y
x
y
(A)
p
p
x-
x-
2
2
(B) 1 +
-K
2!
4!
1
sin 2 u
4
(D) 2 tan 2 u
17. If u = tan -1
2
3
2
p
p
p
x-
x-
x-
2
2
2
(A) 1 +
+
+
+K
2!
3!
4!
x + y
u
u
equals
, then x
+y
x
y
x+ y
(D) 0
y
y
18. If u = f + xy , then the value of
x
x
x2
p
p
x-
x-
2
2
p
(C) x - +
+
+K
!
!
2
3
5
2u
2u
2u
+ 2 xy
+ y 2 2 , is
2
dx
dx dy
y
(A) 0
(B) u
(C) 2u
(D) -u
4
2
(A) 1 + x + x + x 3 + K
3
(B) 1 + 2 x + 2 x 2 +
(C) 1 +
8 3
x +...
3
x2 x4
+
+K
2! 4!
dz
is given
dt
(A)
ex
(sin y - 2 t 2 cos y)
t
(B)
ex
(sin y + 2 t 2 cos y)
t
(C)
ex
(cos y + 2 t 2 sin y)
t
(D)
ex
(cos y - 2 t 2 sin y)
t
20. If z = z( u, v) , u = x 2 - 2 xy - y 2 , v = a, then
(A) ( x + y)
z
z
= ( x - y)
x
y
(B) ( x - y)
z
z
= ( x + y)
x
y
3u
is equal to
14. If u = e , then
x y z
(C) ( x + y)
z
z
= ( y - x)
x
y
(D) ( y - x)
z
z
= ( x + y)
x
y
21. If f ( x, y) = 0, f( y, z) = 0, then
(B) e
xyz
[1 + xyz + x y z ]
(C) e
xyz
[1 + 3 xyz + x y z ]
f f f f dz
y z x y dx
(B)
(C)
f f dz f f
y z dx x y
z
z
= a2 2
x 2
y
(B)
z
z
= a2 2
y 2
x
(C)
2z
1 2z
=- 2
2
y
a x 2
(D)
2z
2z
= - a2 2
2
x
y
(A)
3 3
f f f f dz
y z x x dx
x = a, y = a,
dz
is equal to
dx
(A) 2a
(B) 0
(C) 2 a 2
(D) a 3
www.gatehelp.com
Page
535
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
dx
is equal to
dt
Engineering Mathematics
2u
2 y
y
30. If u = x n -1 yf , then x 2 + y
is equal to
x
y x
x
(B) n( n - 1) u
(A) nu
(A) r cos q
dr
dq
- r sin q
dt
dt
(B) cos q
dr
dq
- r sin q
dt
dt
(C) r cos q
dr
dq
+ sin q
dt
dt
(D) r cos q
dr
dq
- sin q
dt
dt
u
x
(C) ( n - 1)
(D) ( n - 1)
u
y
r r
is equal to
+
dx 2 y 2
2
24. If r 2 = x 2 + y 2 , then
2
2
r
r
(A) r 2 +
x
y
r
1 r
+
2
r x
y
(C)
2
2
r
r
(B) 2 r 2 +
x
y
(i) If u =
(D)
2q 2q
+
x 2 y 2
r
y
then x 2
x4 + y4
1
3
u
16
(D)
(C) -
2 a2 x4
y5
(D) -
d y
is equal
dx 2
2 a2 x2
y5
(4) -
(B) dz =
xdy + ydx
x2 + y2
(C) dz =
xdx - ydy
x2 + y2
(D) dz =
xdx - ydy
x2 + y2
(B) 1
(C) u
(D) eu
(II)
(III)
(IV)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(B) 2%
(C) p%
(D) 4%
x2 + y2
u
u
, then x
is equal to
+y
x+ y
x
y
(A) 0
(I)
y
, then
x
xdy - ydx
x2 + y2
1
u
4
2 a2 x2
y5
(A) dz =
u
x
Correct match is
du
dx
dy
=m
+n
u
x
y
a2 x2
y5
2u
2u
2u
+ 2 xy
+ y2
2
x
x y
y 2
(2)
(3) 0
(A) -
2
2u
2u
2 u
+
2
xy
+
y
x 2
x y
y 2
u
u
y
(iv) If u = f then x
+y
x
y
x
(1) -
Page
536
ListII
(A) du = mx m -1 y n + nx m y n -1
29. If u = log
(ii) If u =
26. If u = x m y n , then
28. z = tan -1
x2 - y2
(iii) If u = x 2 + y 2 then x 2
(B) 1
r
x
x2 y
2u
2u
then x 2 + y
x+ y
x
x y
u
u
y
Assertion (A): If u = xyf , then x
= 2u
+y
x
y
x
Reason (R): Given function u is homogeneous of
degree 2 in x and y.
Of these statements
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A
www.gatehelp.com
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Differential Calculus
Chap 9.2
(B) x < 0
(C) x > 1
(D) x < 1
x x2 + y
y y 2 + x
y y + x
x x 2 + y
x x + y
y y 2 + x
du
is
dx
(A) ] -, [
(B) ] -2, 0 [
(C) ] 2, [
(D) ] 0, 2 [
(A) 2
(B) -2
(C) 1
(D) -1
y y2 + x
(D) (1 - log xy) - 2
x x + y
(A)
(B) 2 2
(C) 2
(D) 3 2
z
z
y
35. If z = xyf , then x
is equal to
+y
x
y
x
(A) z
(B) 2z
(C) xz
y = 3 x - 3, are
(D) yz
(C) (-2, 0)
(A) ] 2, 3 [
(B) ] -, 3 [
(C) ] -, 2 [ ] 3,
37. f ( x) =
x
is increasing in the interval
( x 2 + 1)
(A) ] -, - 1 [ ] 1, [
(B) ] -1, 1 [
(C) ] -1, [
4c + 1
2
(A)
4c + 1
(B)
(C)
4c - 1
2
1
47. The maximum value of is
x
(B) ] -1, 1 [
(C) ] -, -1 [ ] 1, [
(A) e
1
(C)
e
(B) e
1
e
250
(A) 75
(B) 50
(C) 25
(D) 0
interval, then
(A) 3
(B) 3 3
(C) 4
(D)
(A) k < 3
(B) k 3
(C) k > 3
(D) k 3
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3 3
4
Page
537
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
(A)
SOLUTIONS
sin 2 x
p
sin x +
4
(B)
(D) - 2
(C) 1
Engineering Mathematics
Now, f ( x) = 3 x 2 - 12 x + 11
x = -1 and x = 2, then
1
(A) a = - , b = 2
2
Now, f ( c) = 0
(C) a = 2, b = 52.
The
(B) a = 2, b = -1
1
2
f ( c) = 3c 2 - 12 c + 11.
3c 2 - 12 c + 11 = 0
c = 2
.
3
co-ordinates
of
the
point
on
the
curve
(B) ( 6 , 0)
(C) (0, 2)
x
has a maxima ?
y=
(1 + tan x)
(A) tan x
(B) 0
(C) cot x
(D) cos x
p
x R, so f ( x) = sin 2 x is continuous in 0, .
2
f ( x) = 2 cos 2 x, which clearly exists for all
p
p
x ]0, [ .So, f ( x) is differentiable in x ]0, [.
2
2
Also,
p
Also, f (0) = f = 0. By Rolles theorem, there exists
2
p
c ]0, [ such that f ( c) = 0.
2
2 cos 2 c = 0
2c =
p
2
c=
p
.
4
x
2
- x + 6 - x2
1 -2 2
e ( x + 3 x) = e 2
2
2
Now, f ( c) = 0
c + 6 - c 2 = 0 i.e. c 2 - c - 6 = 0
( c + 2) ( 3 - c) = 0
c = -2, c = 3.
Hence, c = -2 ] -3, 0 [ .
4. (D) f ( x) = 3c 2 - 12 x + k
f ( c) = 0
Page
538
www.gatehelp.com
3c 2 - 12 c + k = 0
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
u
u 1
+ y sec 2 u
= tan u
x
y 2
p
p
p
f = 1, f = 0, f = -1,
2
2
2
x sec 2 u
p
p
f = 0, f = 1, ....
2
2
2
3
p
p
p x
p x p
f + x = f + xf +
f +
f +...
4
4
4 2!
4 3! 4
Thus tan + x = 1 + 2 x +
4 +
16 + K
2
6
4
8
= 1 + 2 x + 2 x + x3 + K
3
2
u
= exyz yz
x
= e xyz (1 + 3 xyz + x 2 y 2 z 2 )
z
= f ( x + ay) + f ( x - ay)
x
z
= a 2 f ( x + ay) + a 2 f( x - ay)....(2)
y 2
2
tan u =
x+
x+ y
x+
x2
and x 2
2
2v
2v
2 v
+
2
xy
+
y
= 0....(1)
x 2
x y
y 2
2w
2w
2w
+ 2 xy
+ y2
= 0....(2)
2
x
x y
y 2
2
2
2
2
(
v
+
w
)
+
2
xy
(
v
+
w
)
+
y
( v + w) = 0
x 2
x y
y 2
x2
2u
2u
2u
+ 2 xy
+ y2 2 = 0
2
x
x y
y
z
= e x sin y
x
z
dx 1
And
= e x cos y, x = log e t
=
y
dt t
z
= f ( x + ay) + f( x - ay)....(1)
dx 2
z
= af ( x + ay) - af ( x - ay)
y
x+ y
Then u = v + w
f
u 1
+y
= sin 2 u
x
y 2
y
y
18. (A) Let v = f and w = xY
x
x
2z
2z
= a2 2
2
y
x
= f (say)
x 3 + y 3 + x 2 y - xy 2
= f (say)
x 2 - xy + y 2
3u
= e xyz (1 + 2 xyz) + ( z + xyz 2 ) e xyz xy
x y z
u
u 1
1
+y
= sin u cos u = sin 2 u
x
y 2
4
2u
= ze xyz + yzexyz xz = e xyz ( z + xyz 2 )
xy
Now,
Page
540
Engineering Mathematics
(tan u)
(tan u) 1
+y
= tan u
x
y
2
dy
= 2t
dt
dz z dx z dy
=
dt x dt y dt
And y = t 2
= e x sin y
ex
1
+ e x cos y 2 t = (sin y + 2 t 2 cos y)
t
t
+
....(ii)
x u x v x
z z u z v
and
=
+
....(iii)
y u y v y
From (i),
u
u
v
v
=2x -2y ,
= -2 x - 2 y,
= 0,
=0
x
y
x
y
www.gatehelp.com
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Differential Calculus
24. (C) r 2 = x 2 + y 2
z z
z
=
(2 x - 2 y) +
0....(iv)
x u
v
and
and
z z
z
=
( -2 x - 2 y) +
0....(v)
y u
v
2r 2r
+
=2 + 2 + 4
x 2 y 2
2
2
r
2 r 2 y 1 r
+
=
+
y
x 2 y 2 r 2 x
f f
dy dz x y
dx dy f f
y z
or,
r
r
=2y
= 2 x and
y
x
2r
2r
= 2 and
=2
2
x
y 2
2
z
z
= ( y - x)
x
y
f
dy
= - x ,
f
dx
y
r
r
and + = 4 x 2 + 4 y 2 = 4 r 2
x
y
Chap 9.2
y
q = tan -1
x
tan q =
q
1
-y
-y
=
= 2
2
2
x 1 + ( y x) x x + y 2
and
2q
-2 xy
=
x 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2
Similarly
f f dz f f
y z dx x y
y
x
y = r sin q
2q
2 xy
2q 2q
and
= 2
+
=0
2
2 2
y
(x + y )
x 2 y 2
from (i),
z
1
z
=
2x ,
=
2
2
x 2 x + y
y 2
1
x + y2
2
2y
dy
dy
and 3 x + 3 y
+ 3ax
+ 3ay.1 = 0
dx
dx
2
x 2 + ay
dy
= - 2
dx
y + ax
x
x2 + y2
x 2 + ay
- 2
x 2 + y 2 y + ax
y
a
dz
=
+
2
dx
( a , a )
a + a2
a 2 + aa
= 0
- 2
a 2 + a 2 a + a. a
a
2
( f y) 3
dx
( 6 x - 6 a( 3 y 2 ) 2 - 0 + 6 y( 3 x 2 - 6 ax) 2
= -
(3 y2 )3
2
= - 5 ( -ax 3 - ay 3 + 4 a 2 x 2 )
y
=-
2
[ -a( a 3 + y 3) + 4 a 2 x 2 ]
y5
=-
2
[ -a( 3ax 2 ) + 4 a 2 x 2 ] [ \ x 3 + y 3 - 3ax 2 = 0]
y5
dx x dr x dq
=
+
....(ii)
dt r dt q dt
=-
2 a2 x2
y5
From (i),
x
x
= cos q,
= - r sin q
r
q
www.gatehelp.com
y
....(i)
x
Page
541
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
dz z z dy
=
+
....(ii)
dx x y dx
From (i)
z
=
y
z
=
x
-y
-y
2 = 2
+ y2
x
x
y
1+
x
1
x2
x
1
= 2
2
y x x + y
1+
x
1
e u
e u
x
+y
= eu
x
y
u
u
+y
=1
x
y
=0 +
+
A
a
b
100
100
100
A =
a +
b
A
a
b
100
100
But it is given that
a = 1, and
b = 1
a
b
100
A = 1 + 1 = 2
A
Area A = pab
ellipse
y
30. (C) Given that u = x n -1 yf .
x
32. (B) Let 2a and 2b be the major and minor axes of the
u
u
or xe u
+ ye u
= eu
x
y
or, x
1 1
1
- 1 u = - u
2 2
4
zero.
u
u
x
+y
= 0. u = 0
x
y
x2 + y2
x2 + y2
, eu =
= f (say)
x+ y
x+ y
f
f
x
+y
= f
x
y
2u
2u
2u
+ 2 xy
+ y2
= n( n - 1) u
2
x
x dy
y 2
y
In (d)u = f It is a homogeneous function of degree
x
dx x 2 + y 2 x 2 + y 2 dx
x2 + y2
29. (B) u = log
2u
2u
u
+y
= ( n - 1)
2
x
y x
x
y
33. (A) Given that u = xyf . Since it is a homogeneous
x
x2 y
It is a homogeneous function of
31. (B) In (a) u =
x+ y
function of degree 2.
By Eulers theorem x
degree 2.
2u
2u
u u
(as in question 30)
x 2 +y
= ( n - 1)
=
x
x y
x x
In (b) u =
x1 2 - y1 2
. It is a homogeneous function of
x1 4 + y1 4
1 1 1
degree - =
2 4 4
x2
=
Page
542
2u
2u
2u
+ 2 xy
+ y 2 2 = n( n - 1) u
2
x
x y
y
1 1
3
u
- 1 u = 4 4
16
Engineering Mathematics
Thus x
u
u
+y
= nu (where n = 2)
x
y
u
u
+y
= 2u
x
y
www.gatehelp.com
u
1
= x
y + log xy = 1 + log xy
x
xy
u
1
x
= x
x=
y
xy
y
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Differential Calculus
Chap 9.2
dy
dy
+ 3 x
+ y 1 = 0
dx
dx
x + y
dy
= - 2
dx
y + x
2
= (1 + log xy) + - 2
dx
y y + x
35. (B) The given function is homogeneous of degree 2.
z
z
Eulers theorem x
+y
= 2z
x
y
E = (2 t 2 - 4) 2 + ( 4 t - 2) 2 is minimum.
Now, E = 4 t 4 - 16 t + 20
dE
= 16 t 3 - 16 = 16 ( t - 1) ( t 2 + t + 1)
dt
dE
=0
t =1
dt
d2 E
d2 E
2
.
So,
=
48
t
= 48 > 0.
dt 2
dt 2
( t =1 )
So, t = 1 is a point of minima.
Thus Minimum distance = (2 - 4) 2 + ( 4 - 2) 2 = 2 2 .
f ( x) is increasing in ] -, 2 [ ] 3, [.
37. (B) f ( x) =
p=
( x + 1) - 2 x
1- x
= 2
( x 2 + 1) 2
( x + 1) 2
2
y - 3x + 3
10
x2 + 4 x + 5
(1 - x 2 ) > 0
10
=
=
x2 + 7 x + 2 - 3 x + 3
10
( x + 2) 2 + 1
10
or p =
( x + 2) 2 + 1
10
dp 2 ( x + 2)
d p
2
and
=
=
2
dx
dx
10
10
2
(1 - x) (1 + x) > 0
So,
d2 p
> 0.
x = -2, Also,
2
dx x = -2
dp
=0
dx
Sol. f ( x) is decreasing in ] -, -1 [ ] 1, [.
of x.
point on y = x 2 .
D = x 2 + ( y - c) 2 is shortest when E = x 2 + ( y - c) 2 is
40. (C) f ( x) = 3kx - 18 x + 9 = 3 [ kx - 6 x + 3]
shortest.
Now,
E = x 2 + ( y - c) 2 = y + ( y - c) 2 E = y 2 + y - 2 cy + c2
dE
d2 E
= 2 > 0.
= 2 y + 1 - 2 c and
dy
dy 2
dE
=0
dy
y =c -
2
1
1
Also, D = c - + c - - c
2
2
= c-
2
. .. x = y = c - 2
1
4c - 1
=
4
2
Page
543
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
1
47. (B) Let y = then, y = x - x
x
51. (C)
1
d2 y
= x - x (1 + log x) 2 - x - x
2
dx
x
dy
=0
1 + log x = 0
dx
d y
1
dx 2 1 = - e
x =
2
So, x =
1
-1
e
dy
=0
dx
(x = 2 )
x=
1
e
48. (A) f ( x) = 2 x -
500
250
and f ( x) = 2 + 3
x
x2
f ( x) = 0
250
=0
x2
a
+ 4b + 1 = 0
2
a + 8 b = -2....(ii)
dz
=0
df
x = p 3 or
x = p.
p -3 3
f =
< 0. So, x = p 3 is a point of maxima.
2
3
p
p 3 3
.
Maximum value = sin 1 + cos =
3
3
4
2 sin x cos x
sin x + cos x
cos f = 0
2 cos f ( 4 - sin f) = 0
when f =
d 2z
= -2 cos 2 f - 8 sin f
df2
p d 2z
,
< 0.
2 df2
p
z is maximum when f = . So, the required point is
2
p
p
1 + tan x 1 tan x
= +
x
x
x
dz
1
d 2z 2
= - 2 + sec 2 x and
=
+ 2sec2 x tan x
dx
x
dx 2 x 3
dz
1
x = cos x.
=0
- 2 + sec 2 x = 0
x
dx
2 2
2 2
(say),
=
(sec x + cosec x)
z
Then,
d 2z
= 2 cos 3 x + 2sec2 x tan x > 0.
dx 2
x = cos x
p
p
in 0, .
4
2
dz
=0
dx
Sign of
dz
changes from -ve to +ve when x passes
dx
x=
p
f= .
2
dz
= - sin 2 f + 8 cos f
df
x2 y2
+
= 1 which is an
5
4
z = 5 cos 2 f + 4 (1 + sin f) 2
dz
tan x = 1
1
and a = 2.
2
when z = D 2 is maximum
250
therefore, f ( x) is maximum at x = p 4.
Maximum value =
Page
544
a + 2 b = 1....(i)
x = 5.
50. (C) f ( x) =
- a - 2b + 1 = 0
< 0.
1
is a point of maxima. Maximum value = e1 e .
e
2x -
dy a
= + 2 bx + 1
dx x
dy
=0
dx
( x = -1 )
dy
= - x - x (1 + log x)
dx
Engineering Mathematics
2 2
= 1.
[sec( p 4) + cosec ( p 4)]
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
9.3
INTEGRAL CALCULUS
1.
(A)
x
dx is equal to
+1
1
log ( x 2 + 1)
2
(C) tan -1
(B) log ( x 2 + 1)
x
2
2. If F ( a) =
5.
(D) 2 tan -1 x
1
,
log a
to
1
(A)
( a x - a a + 1)
log a
(C)
3.
1
( a x + a a + 1)
log a
1
(B)
(ax - aa)
log a
(D)
1
( a x + a a - 1)
log a
4.
( 3 x + 1)
dx is equal to
2
-2x + 3
2x
2x -1
3
5
(A) log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) +
tan -1
4
2
5
(B)
2x -1
4
log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) + 5 tan -1
3
5
2x -1
4
2
(C) log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) +
tan -1
3
5
5
2x -1
3
2
(D) log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) +
tan -1
4
5
5
is equal to
tan -1 (tan x)
(C)
1
2
tan -1 (2 tan x)
2 sin x + 3 cos x
(A)
9
1
x+
log( 3 sin x + 4 cos x)
25
25
(B)
18
2
x+
log( 3 sin x + 4 cos x)
25
25
(C)
18
1
x+
log( 3 sin x + 4 cos x)
25
25
(A)
(A) - cot x + cosec x + c
1
2
7.
dx
1 + sin x is equal to
(A)
6.
dx
1 + 3 sin
(B)
(C)
3 + 8 x - 3 x 2 dx is equal to
3x - 4
3 3
3 + 8 x - 3 x2 -
3x - 4
sin -1
18 3
5
25
3x - 4
25 3
3x - 4
sin -1
3 + 8 x - 3 x2 +
6
18
5
3x - 4
6 3
3 + 8 x - 3 x2 -
3x - 4
sin -1
18 3
5
25
dx
(A)
(C)
2 x + 3x + 4
2
1
2
1
2
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sin -1
is equal to
4x + 3
cosh -1
23
4x + 3
23
(B)
1
2
sinh -1
4x + 3
23
Page
545
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
9.
2x + 3
x + x+1
2
dx is equal to
(A) 2 x 2 + x + 1 + 2 sinh -1
(C) 2 x 2 + x + 1 + sinh -1
(D) 2 x 2 + x + 1 - sinh -1
10.
(A)
1+ x + x
(A)
1
2
( x + 1) 2
-1
log x 2 + 1 + tan
(B)
1
4
( x + 1) 2
log
+ 2 tan -1
x2 + 1
2x + 1
(C)
1
2
( x + 1) 2
-1
log x 2 + 1 - 2 tan
2x + 1
+ x3
is equal to
is equal to
x - x2
3
16.
dx
dx
15.
2x + 1
x 2 + x + 1 + 2 sinh -1
(B)
2x + 1
Engineering Mathematics
x - x2 + c
(C) log (2 x - 1) + c
sin x
1 - sin x dx
is equal to
(B) sin -1 (2 x - 1) + c
(D) tan -1 (2 x - 1) + c
17.
e { f ( x) + f ( x)} dx is equal to
x
(A) e f ( x)
(B) e x f ( x)
(C) e x + f ( x)
11.
( x + 1)
(A)
2 cosh -1
1 + x
1 - 2 x - x2
dx is equal to
(B)
(C) - 2 cosh -1
1 + x
12.
(A)
(C)
13.
dx
sin x + cos x
1
2
cosh -1
2
1 + x
cosh -1
2
1 + x
(D) -
is equal to
log tan x +
4
x p
log tan +
2
2 8
dx
sin( x - a) sin( x - b)
(D)
1
2
x p
log tan +
2 6
x p
log tan +
2
4 4
is equal to
sin( x - a)
(C) sin( a - b) log
sin( x - b)
dx
ex - 1 is equal to
(C) log ( e
Page
546
-x
- 1)
x
+c
2
(B) e x cot
(C) e x tan x + c
x
+c
2
(D) e x cot x + c
x3
dx is equal to
+1
(A) x 2 + log ( x 2 + 1) + c
(B) log ( x 2 + 1) - x 2 + c
(C)
1 2 1
x - log ( x 2 + 1) + c
2
2
(D)
1 2 1
x + log( x 2 + 1) + c
2
2
(A) x sin -1 x + 1 - x 2 + c
(B) x sin -1 x - 1 - x 2 + c
(C) x sin -1 x + 1 + x 2 + c
(D) x sin -1 x - 1 - x 2 + c
21.
sin( x - a)
1
(D)
log
sin( a - b)
sin( x - b)
(A) log ( e x - 1)
1 + sin x
e 1 + cos x dx is
x -a
(B) log sin
x -b
14.
(A) e x tan
19.
(B)
sin x + cos x
1 + sin 2 x
dx is equal to
(A) sin x
(B) x
(C) cos x
(D) tan x
1
(A) -1/2
(C) 1/2
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5 x - 3 dx is
0
(B) 13/10
(D) 23/10
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
39.
(x
p p2
p p2
(B)
(A)
- 1
- 1
4 16
16 6
+ y 2 ) dydx is equal to
0 x
(A)
7
60
(B)
(C)
4
49
3
35
(C)
1
1 + x2
dy dx is
(B)
(C)
p
log ( 2 + 1)
2
p
log ( 2 - 1)
4
(C)
(B)
36
5
by
a2 - x 2
(A)
(C) 4
p2
a cos 2 q
rdrdq
rdrdq
(B) 2
p2
(D) 2
cos 2 q
p a cos 2 q
0 0
rdrdq
rdrdq
x2 4
y= 0
(A)
(C)
dxdy
3x ( x 2 + 2)
y= x 2 4
dydx
x2 4
y= 0
(D)
y= 0
dydx
3x ( x 2 + 2)
y= x 2 4
dxdy
1
pa 3h
3
50.
(B)
(C)
cos 2 q
dxdy
(B)
a-x
p4
(A) pah
a2 - x 2
dxdy
y ( x 2 + 2) = 3 x and 4 y = x 2 is given by
(A) 4
ydxdy is equal to
32
5
p2
- 1
16
p
16
(A)
Engineering Mathematics
a 2 - y2 a
dxdy
(C)
a-x
(A) 25
47
(C)
4
e x + y+ z dxdydz is equal to
(B)
(C) ( e - 1) 2
x+ z
-1
x -z
( x + y + z) dy dx dz is equal to
(A) 4
(B) -4
(C) 0
is given by
(A) 1
(B)
1
2
3
2
(D)
5
4
(C)
*************
a (1 + cos q)
a (1 + cos q)
q= 0 r = 0
(C) 2
p2
Page
548
r=0
rdrdq
(B) 2
rdrdq
(D) 2
0
p4
a (1 + cos q)
r=a
a (1 + cos q)
r=0
3
( e - 1)
2
(A) ( e - 1) 3
51.
101
(D)
6
1 1 1
0 0 0
rdrdq
rdrdq
www.gatehelp.com
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Integral calculus
SOLUTIONS
1. (A)
F ( a) =
ax
+K
log a
aa
+K
log a
1
aa
1 - aa
K =
=
log a log a log a
F ( x) =
3. (C)
a
1-a
1
+
=
[ a x - a a + 1]
log a log a log a
x
dx
1 + sin x
dx
x
x
x
x
2
+ cos 2 + 2 sin cos
sin
2
2
2
2
x
sec 2
dx
2
=
=
dx
2
2
x
x
x
1 + tan
cos + sin
2
2
2
x
Put 1 + tan = t
2
x
2 dt
2
sec2 dx = 2 dt 2 dt = - + K
2
t
t
x
-2 cos
-2
2
+K
=
+K =
x
x
x
cos + sin
1 + tan
2
2
2
x
x
x
-2 cos
cos - sin
2
2
2
=
+K
x
x
x
x
cos + sin
cos - sin
2
2
2
2
x
x
2 x
-2 cos
+ 2 sin cos
2
2
2 +K
=
2 x
2 x
- sin
cos
2
2
-(1 + cos x) + sin x
=
+ k = tan x - sec x - 1 + K
cos x
= tan x - sec x + c
3x + 1
dx
2x -2x + 3
2
p=
5
dx
3
log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) +
2
2
4
4
5
1
x - +
3
5 1
= log (2 x 2 - 2 x + 3) +
tan -1
4
4 5
5. (C) Let I =
=
1
2
5
2
x-
dx
1 + 3 sin 2 x
cosec2 x dx
cosec2 x dx
=
cosec 2 x + 3 (1 + cot2 x) + 3
Put cot x = t
I =
=
3
5
, q =
4
2
3
4x -2
5
dx
dx + 2
4 2 x2 - 2 x + 3
2 2x -2x + 3
I=
1
1
log t = log ( x 2 + 1)
2
2
2. (A) F ( x) = a x dx + K =
4. (A) Let I =
Let 3 x + 1 = p( 4 x - 2) + q
x
dx
2
x +1
Put x 2 + 1 = t 2 xdx = dt
1 1
x
x 2 + 1 dx = 2 t dt
=
Chap 9.3
- cosec2 x dx = dt
1
-dt
t 1
cot x
= cot-1 = cot-1
4 + t2 2
2 2
2
1
tan -1 (2 tan x)
2
6. (C) Let I =
2 sin x + 3 cos x
dx
3 sin x + 4 cos x
1
18
, q=
25
25
I=
1
25
3 cos x - 4 sin x
3 sin x + 4 cos x
18
1
18
log ( 3 sin x + 4 cos x) +
x
25
25
2
1
= 3
2
2
2
2
x -
4 5
4
5
-1
3
x - - x - + sin 5
3
3
3
3
3 + 8 x - 3 x 2 dx = 3
4
5
- x - dx
3
3
7. (B)
3x - 4
25 3
3x - 4
3 + 8 x - 3 x2 +
sin -1
6
18
5
8. (B)
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dx
2 x + 3x + 4
2
1
2
dx
23
3
x + +
4
2
Page
549
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
sinh
2x + 3
9. (B)
3
4 = 1 sinh -1 4 x + 3
2
23
23
x+
-1
x2 + x + 1
x2 + x + 1
dx +
2x + 1
dx + 2
= 2 x 2 + x + 1 + 2 sinh -1
dx
x 1- x
13. (D)
x2 + x + 1
3
1
x + +
2
2
1
x+
2
3
2
2x + 1
I =
( x + 1) 1 - 2 x - x 2
dx = -
1
dt
t2
dt
1
t 2 -
2
=-
1
sin( a - b)
sin( x - a) sin( x - b)
1
sin ( a - b)
sin [( x - b) - ( x - a)]
dx
1
[cot( x - a) - cot( x - b)]dx
sin( a - b)
1
[log sin ( x - a) - log sin ( x - b)] dx
sin ( a - b)
sin( x - a)
1
log
sin ( a - b)
sin( x - b)
dx
e - x dx
=
1 - e- x
-1
dx
15. (B) Let I =
=
dt
2 t2 - 1
dx
1 + x + x2 + x3
dx
(1 + x) (1 + x 2 )
A
Bx + C
1
=
+
2
(1 + x)(1 + x ) 1 + x 1 + x 2
Let
1 = A(1 + x 2 ) + ( Bx + C)(1 + x)
1
2
cosh -1
2
x + 1
=-
sin( a - b) dx
Put 1 - e - x = t e - x dx = dt
dt
I =
= log t = log (1 - e - x )
t
1
dt
t2
12. (C)
Page
550
1
1
1 - 2 - 1 - - 1
t
t
t
=-
1
t
-
=-
x+c
dx
sin( x - a) sin( x - b)
=I
(2 x - 1) + c
Put x + 1 =
cosec x + 4 dx
sin( x - a) sin( x - b)
I = 2 dq = 2 q + c = 2 sin -1
1
sin( a - b)
I = sin
sin x +
4
dx
-1
dx
1
1
p
1
x p
log tan +
- log cot x + =
2
4
2
2
2 8
2 dx
( x 2 + x + 1)1 2
+ 2 sinh -1
1
2
10. (B)
dx
x2 + x + 1
2x + 1
Engineering Mathematics
dx
sin x + cos x
dx
p
p
sin x cos + cos x sin
4
4
cosh -1
1
A + B = 0, B + C = 0, C + A = 1
Solving these equations, we get
1
1
1
A = , B=- , C=
2
2
2
1
1
1 x -1
I =
dx - 2
dx
2 1+ x
2 x +1
=
1
1
1
log (1 + x) - log ( x 2 + 1) + tan -1 x
2
2
2
1
4
( x + 1) 2
log
+ 2 tan -1
x2 + 1
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Integral calculus
sin x
dx
1 - sin x
1 - (1 - sin x)
dx
1 - sin x
1
1 + sin x
dx - dx =
dx - x
1 - sin x
1 - sin 2 x
1 + sin x
dx - x = (sec2 x + sec x tan x) dx - x
cos 2 x
= tan x + sec x - x
Chap 9.3
sin x + cos x
(sin x + cos 2 x) + 2 sin x cos x
2
sin x + cos x
(cos x + cos x) 2
dx
sin x + cos x
dx = dx = x
sin x + cos x
35
35
5 x - 3 dx = - 5 x - 3 dx +
22. (D)
= e x f ( x) dx + e x f ( x) dx
= { f ( x) e x - f ( x) ex dx} + ex f ( x) dx = f ( x) ex
9
9
=+ +
10 5
=
1 + sin x
18. (A) Let I = e
dx
1 + cos x
x
23. (B)
24. (D)
dt
= [tan -1 t ]1e
+1
p
4
x(1 - x) dx = ( x - x ) dx
2
1
1
1
= x 2 - x 3 = c 2 ( 3 - 2 c)
2
3
0 6
x3
x x2
dx = 2
dx
x +1
x +1
x( x + 1 - 1)
x
dx = xdx - 2
dx
2
x +1
x +1
2
-1
1
1 - x2
x
1 - x2
x dx = sin
-1
x 1 dx
x dx
dx
dx
x(1 - x) dx = 0
1 2
c ( 3 - 2 c) = 0
6
c=
3
2
e x dx = dt =
1 2 1
x - log ( x 2 + 1) + c
2
2
21.
e x dx
2x
+1
x
= e tan + c
2
x-
dx
=
+ e- x
= x sin
Put e x = t
1 x
x
x
x
x
x
e 2 tan - e 2 tan dx + e tan dx
2
2
2
2
-1
e
0
1
x
x
= e x sec 2 dx + e x tan dx
2
2
2
5
9 9
2 - 3 - 10 - 5
9 1 9 13
+ - +
=
10 2 10 10
1
x
x
1 + 2 sin cos
x
2
2
dx
=e
x
2 cos 2
5 x - 3 dx
35
35
19. (C) I =
5 x2
5
= - x 2 + 3 x +
- 3 x
2
0
3 5
2
dx
2x + 1
x+ x
26. (A)
dx =
0
dt
t
(2 x + 1) dx = dt
= 2( t1 2 ) 20 = 2 2
sin 5 xdx
sin 5 x dx = 0
27. (A)
www.gatehelp.com
p2
p2
2
cos x dx =
1
(cos 2 x + 1) dx
2
Page
551
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
Engineering Mathematics
1 1
sin 2 x + x
2 2
0
p
p
= 2 sin (1 - t) - dt =
2
4
1 1
p
(sin p - sin 0) + - 0
2 2
2
p
p
= - 2 sin t - dt = - 1
2
4
1 1
p p
(0 - 0) - 0 + =
2 2
2 4
2I = 0
p2
2 sin 4 - 2 t dt
0
3 1
G G 1 p
p2
p
2
2
Aliter 1. cos 2 x dx = = 2 =
2
4
4
0
2 G
2
p2
cos
x =
I =0
2a
f ( x)
f ( x) + f (2 a - x) dx ....(1)
0
I=
f (2 a - x)
2a
f (2 a - x) + f ( x) dx....(2)
0
1 p p
=
2 2 4
2a
f ( x) + f (2 a - x)
f ( x) + f (2 a - x) dx
2a
1 dx = [ x ]
2a
0
= 2a
I = a
Put
p2
= a 2 cos 2 q dq = a 2
0
1 p
(By Wallis Formula)
2 2
1 - x2
1 - x2
xdx
1 - x2 = t
1
2 1 - x2
( -2 x) dx = dt
when x = 0, t = 1, when x = 1, t = 0
0
pa 2
4
I = -e t dt = -[ e t ]10 = -[ e 0 - e1 ] = e - 1
1
Aliter:
p2
I = a 2 - a 2 sin 2 q a cos q dq
a 2 - x 2 dx
1
pa 2 pa 2
x
1
=
= x a 2 - x 2 + a 2 sin -1 = 0 +
4
2
a 0
4
2
p2
dx
1
x
+ x2
0
=
0
dx
3
1
x - +
2
2
p2
I = log tan - x dx
2
2
1
1 2 p p
-1
=
- tan -1 +
tan
3 6 6
3
3
3
p2
1
x-
1
-1
2
tan
3
3
2
2 0
2p
3 3
2p 3
9
-1
p2
p2
= log 1 dx = 0
I =0
Page
552
-x
-1 x dx +
0
dx =
-1dx + 1 dx = -[ x ]
0
-1
-1
+ [ x ]10
= - [0 - ( -1)] + [1 - 0 ] = 0
pt p
30. (D) Let I = 2 sin - dt ....(i)
2 4
0
35. (C)
100 p
x dx
0
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Integral calculus
40. (D)
1 + x2
= ( - cos x) m (sin x) n
1
[ x 1 + x 2 + log( x + 1 + x 2 )]10
2
1
= [ 2 + log (1 + 2 )]
2
=
dx
f ( p - x) = cos m ( p - x) sin n ( p - x)
x2
dydx = [ y ]01 +
= 1 + x 2 dx
x sin x dx = 0, if m is odd
2 x
4
y2
=
ydydx
2 dx
x2 4
0 x2 4
0
4 2 x
A =
48
x5
1
x4
dx = x 2 4 x = 5
160
2
10
0
4
= ( x - p) F [sin ( p - x)]dx
I =
Chap 9.3
( p - x) F(sin x) dx ....(2)
2 I = pF (sin x) dx
x 2 + y 2 = a 2 ...
....(i)
x + y = a...
....(ii)
I=
1
pF (sin x) dx
2 0
p2
ex 2 x
x
+ 2 tan dx
sec
2
2
2
p2
x
1
= e xsec 2 dx +
2
2
0
4 2 x
A =
x
1
Here, I1 = e x sec 2 dx
2
2
0
e
0
= e - I 2 , I1 + I 2 = e
p2
I = I1 + I 2 = e
x
0 e 2 tan 2 dx
x
tan
dydx
y = - x....(ii)
2 x
-x
= [2 x + x ]dx
1
32
4 1 101
=
+ 8 - + =
6
3
3 2
p2
dydx = [ y ]
1 -x
p2
y= a - x
p2
= e p 2 tan - 0 4
x =0
y = 2 x i.e., y 2 = 4 x....(i)
x
0 e tan 2 dx = I1 + I 2
x
p2
a2 - x 2
p2
1
x
1
= e x 2 tan 2 0 2
2
x
dx
2
y 2 = 9 x....(i)
x - y + 2 = 0....(ii)
p2
p2
39. (B)
1 3
2
2
2
x ( x + y ) dy dx = 0 x y + 3 y x dx
1
1
= x 5 2 + x 3 2 - x 3 - x 3 dx
3
3
0
1
2 52 1 4
3
2
= x7 2 +
x - x =
15
3 0 35
7
4 3 x
A =
dydx = [ y ]
1 x+ 2
3 x
x+ 2
dx
= [ 3 x - ( x + 2)]dx = 2 x 3 2 - x 2 - 2 x
2
1
1
1
1
= (16 - 8 - 8) - 2 - - 2 =
2
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Page
553
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
....(i)
Required area A = 2
=
=
1
2
1
4
cos 2 qdq =
2
q dq +
0
1
4
1
4
dq
1 1 1
50. (A)
p2
q (1 + cos 2 q)dq
2
1 1
= [ ex +
2
q cos 2 q dq
dxdydz
1 1
] dydz = [ e1 +
0 0
= [( e 2 + z - e1 + z ) - ( e1 + z - e z )]dz
0
= ( e 2 + z - 2 e1 + z + e z ) dz = [ e 2 + z - 2 e1 + z + e z ]10
0
p3 1 -p
1
+
-0 96 4 4
8
= ( e 3 - 2 e 2 + e) - ( e 2 - 2 e + 1)
p2
= e 3 - 3e 2 + 3e - 1 = ( e - 1) 3
p2
cos 2 q dq
51. (C)
z x+ z
( x + y + z) dydxdz
-1 0 x - z
p2
p
p3
p 11
- sin 2 q =
96 16 8 2
0 16
p2
- 1
16
1 2
r = 0rdrdq = 4 0 2 r 0
p4
x+ z
( x + y + z) 2
-1 0
dxdz
2
x- y
(2 x + 2 z) 2 2 x 2
-
dxdz
2
2
-1 0
1 z
1 z
1
1 3
( x + z) 3 x 3
= 2 (( x + z) 2 - x 2 ) dx dz = 2
- dz
3
3 0
-1 0
-1
cos 2 q
dq
sin 2 q
= 2 a cos 2 q dq= 2 a
= a2
0
0
2
2
= [(2 z) 3 - z 3 - z ]dz =
3 -1
3
1 1
= 4 - = 0
4 4
p4
y( x 2 + 2) = 3 x....(i)
z4
z
dz
=
6
4
4
-1
-1
1
and 4 y = x 2 ....(ii)
3x ( x 2 + 2 )
x =0
y= x 2 4
dxdy
- e y + z ]dydz
= [ e1 + y + z - e y + z ]10 dz
p3 1
cos 2 q
cos 2 q
- -q
- d q
96 4
2 0
2
0
y+ z
p 4 a cos 2 q
x + y+ z
y+ z 1
0
0 0
p2
1 p
= pa 2 h.
2 2
0 0 0
p2
q= 0
dx = a cos q dq,
p2
p3 1
=
+ - q sin 2 q dq
96 4 0
A =4
p2
p2
p2
1 1
1 sin 2 q
sin 2 q
= q 3 + q 2
dq
- 2q
4 3 0
4
2 0
2
dx = 4 h a 2 - x 2 dx
q cos q
p2
p2
p2
= 4 ha 2 cos 2 q dq = 4 ha 2
1 2
r = 0rdrdq = 0 2 r o
p2
p 2 q cos q
a2 - x 2
p2
r = q cos q....(i)
q= 0
hdydx = 4 h [ y ]
Let x = a sin q,
r=0
A=
=4
a2 - x 2
rdrdq
q= 0
Engineering Mathematics
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********
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Complex Variables
Chap 9.5
(A) 6
(B) 4i
-29
(A)
+ i11
3
(C) -4i
(D) 0
(C)
29
(B)
- i11
3
23
+ i6
5
(D)
23
- i6
5
11.
e2 z
c ( z + 1) 4 dz = ? where c is the circle of z = 3
(A)
4 pi -3
e
9
(B)
4 pi 3
e
9
(C)
4 pi -1
e
3
(D)
8 pi -2
e
3
12.
1 - 2z
c z( z - 1)( z - 2) dz = ? where c is the circle z = 15.
(A) 2 + i 6 p
(B) 4 + i 3p
(C) 1 + ip
(D) i3p
(A) 7 ( p + i2)
(B) 6 (2 + ip)
(C) 2 p (5 + i13)
(D) 0
(A) 1 + 2( z + z 2 + z 3......)
(B) -1 - 2( z - z 2 + z 3......)
(C) -1 + 2( z - z 2 + z 3......)
20. f ( z) =
(B)
-3
(D)
2
3
(C)
2
14.
2
3
-1
1
1
1 - ( z - 1) + 2 ( z - 1) 2 .......
2
2
2
(B)
1
1
1
1 - ( z - 1) + 2 ( z - 1) 2 .......
2
2
2
(C)
1
1
1
1 + ( z - 1) + 2 ( z - 1) 2 .......
2
2
2
cos pz
dz = ? where c is the circle z = 3
c z -1
(B) - i2 p
(C) i6 p2
(D) - i6 p2
15.
(A) i2 p
sin pz 2
c ( z - 2)( z - 1) dz = ? where c is the circle z = 3
(A) i6p
(B) i2p
(C) i4p
(D) 0
1 cos pz
dz around a rectangle with
2 pi c z 2 - 1
vertices at 2 i , -2 i is
(A) 6
(B) i2 e
(C) 8
(D) 0
1
p 1
p
+
1
z
z
- .......
4 2 !
4
2
(B)
1
p 1
p
1 + z - + z - + .......
4 2 !
4
2
(C)
1
p 1
p
1 - z - - z - - .......
4 2 !
4
2
x + y = 4.
( n + 1)( z + 1)
n -1
n =1
(B) 1 +
( n + 1)( z + 1)
n +1
n =1
3z 2 + 7 z + 1
f ( z0 ) =
dz , where c is the circle
( z - z0 )
c
2
p
4
(A)
1
about z = 1
z +1
(A)
z =1
-2
(A)
3
z -1
about the points z = 0
z +1
(C) 1 +
n( z + 1)
n =1
(D) 1 +
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( n + 1)( z + 1)
n =1
Page
565
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
Engineering Mathematics
1 1
1
1 3
- z - z2 z -K
2 4
8
18
where z < 1
1
5 3 21 5
(A) z z +
z ..........
4
16
64
(B)
1 1 2
5 4 21 6
+ z +
z +
z ..........
2 4
16
64
(C)
1
3
15 5
z - z3 +
z ..........
2
4
8
(D)
1 1 2 3 4 15 6
+ z + z +
z ..........
2 2
4
8
1
3
7
+ 2 + 4 ...........
2
z
z
z
1 - e Zz
at its pole is
z4
-4
(B)
3
24. z > 2
(A)
4
3
(C)
-2
3
(A)
6 13 20
+
+ 3 + ........
z z2
z
(B)
1 8 13
+
+
+ .........
z z2 z3
(C)
1
3
7
+ 3 + 4 + .........
2
z
z
z
(D)
2
3
4
- 3 + 4 - ........
2
z
z
z
25. z < 1
(A) 1 + 3z
+7 2 15 2
z +
z .....
2
4
(B)
1 3
7
15 3
+ z + z2 +
z ...
2 4
8
16
(C)
1 3 z2 z3
+ +
+
.......
4 4
8 16
1
is
z( z - 1)( z - 2)
( z - 1) 3 ( z - 1) 5
- .........
2!
5!
(D) - ( z - 1)
-1
1
at z = 0 is
z
-1
(B)
2
1
2
(C)
1
3
31.
(D)
1 - 2z
-1
3
z = 15
.
(A) - i3p
(B) i3 p
(C) 2
(D) -2
32.
z cos z
dz = ? where c is z - 1 = 1
p
c z
(A) 6 p
(B) - 6p
(C) i2p
(C) - ( z - 1) - ( z - 1) - ( z - 1) - ..........
3
2
3
(A)
( z - 1) 3 ( z - 1) 5
- ...........
2!
5!
(B) - ( z - 1) -1 -
(D)
(A) - ( z - 1) -
z
is,
( z + 1)( z 2 + 4)
2
- ( z - 1) - ( z - 1) - ( z - 1) - .........
3
33.
2
z e z dz = ? where c is z = 1
c
1
for z < 2 is
z( e z - 1)
1
1
1
1 2
(A) 2 +
+
+ 6z +
z + ..........
z
2 z 12
720
1
1
1
1 2
(B) 2 +
z + ..........
z
2 z 12 720
(C)
1
1
1
1 2
+
+
z2 +
z + ..........
z 12 634
720
(B) - i3p
(A) i3p
C)
34.
ip
3
2p
dq
2 + cos q = ?
0
(A)
-2 p
2
(C) 2 p 2
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(B)
2p
3
(D) -2 p 3
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Complex Variables
35.
x2
( 2 + a 2 )( x 2 + b2 ) dx = ?
- x
(A)
p ab
a+b
(B)
(C)
p
a+b
(D) p ( a + b)
36.
dx
1+ x
p ( a + b)
ab
=?
(A)
(C)
p
6
(B)
2p
3
(D)
p
2
***************
p
3
Chap 9.5
SOLUTIONS
1. (C) Since, f ( z) = u + iv =
u=
x3 - y3
;
x2 + y2
v=
x 3(1 + i) - y 3(1 - i)
; z 0
x2 + y2
x3 + y3
x2 + y2
u y v v
at(0, 0)
,
,
,
x y x y
0
, so we apply first principle method.
0
At the origin,
u
u(0 + h, 0) - u(0, 0)
h3 h2
= lim
= lim
= 1
h 0
h 0
x
h
h
u
u(0, 0 + k) - u(0, 0)
- k3 k2
= lim
= lim
= -1
k 0
v h 0
k
k
v
v(0 + h, 0) - v(0, 0)
h3 h2
= lim
= lim
=1
h 0
x h 0
h
h
v
v(0, 0 + k), v(0, 0)
k3 k2
= lim
= lim
=1
k 0
y k 0
k
k
Thus, we see that
u v
u
v
and
=
=x y
y
x
f ( z) - f (0)
z
( x 3 - y 3) + i( x 3 + y 3)
1
= lim
2
2
z 0
(x + y )
( x + iy)
z 0
(x + y )
( x + iy) 2(1 + i)
2
2. (A) Since, f ( z) =
....(1)
Page
567
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
Dy = 0 \ Dz 0
Dx 0
Engineering Mathematics
....(2)
dv = 2 x dx + 2(1 - y) dy
On integrating v = x 2 - y 2 + 2 y + C
5. (C) Given f ( z) = u + i v
....(1)
....(2)
f ( z) =
-i u v
+
y
y
....(3)
if ( z) = -v + iu
(1 + i) f ( z) = ( u - v) + i( u + v)
F ( z) = U + iV
u v
v -u
and
=
=
x y
x
y
-U
U
dx +
dy....(3)
y
x
u
u v
v
f ( z) =
-i
=
+i
x
y y
x
Here u = x 2 and v = y 2
u
u
Now, u = x 2
= 2 x and
=0
x
y
and v = y 2
and f ( z) =
(1 + i) f ( z) = (1 + i) e z + ic1
( i + 1)
i
i(1 - i)
f ( z) = e z +
c1 = e z + c1
= ez +
c1
2
1+ i
(1 + i)(1 - i)
v
v
= 0 and
=2y
x
y
we know that
F ( z) = (1 + i) e x + iy + ic1 = (1 + i) ez + ic1
f ( z) =
u
u
-i
x
y
....(1)
f ( z) = e z + (1 + i) c
v
v
+ i ....(2)
y
x
....(3)
....(4)
u
= cosh x cos y = f( x, y)
x
u
and
= - sinh x sin y = y( x, y)
y
by Milnes Method
f ( z) = f( z, 0) - iy( z, 0) = cosh z - i 0 = cosh z
On integrating f ( z) = sinh z + constant
f ( z) = w = sinh z + ic
u
2u
4. (B)
= 2(1 - y) ;
=0
x
x 2
....(1)
u
2u
= -2 x ;
=0
y
y 2
....(2)
7. (A)
Page
568
2u 2u
+
= 0, Thus u is harmonic.
x 2 y 2
v
v
= 2 y = h( x, y),
= 2 x = g( x, y)
x
y
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Complex Variables
8. (D)
v -( x 2 + y 2 ) - ( x - y)2 y
=
y
( x2 + y2 )2
f ( z o) =
y - x - 2 xy
= g( x, y)
( x2 + y2 )2
2
Chap 9.5
n!
2 pi
f ( z) dz
(z - z )
o
Taking n = 3,
or
n +1
f ( z) dz
(z - z )
f ( z) dz
(z - z )
pi
f ( z o)
3
n +1
2pi n
f ( z o)
n!
....(1)
e 2 z dz
e 2 z dz
=
( z + 1) 4 c [ z - ( -1)]4
v ( x 2 + y 2 ) - ( x - y)2 x y 2 - x 2 + 2 xy
=
=
= h( x, y)
x
( x2 + y2 )2
( x2 + y2 )2
Given fc
By Milnes Method
f ( z) = g( z, 0) + ih( z, 0) = -
e 2 z dz
1
1
1
+ i - 2 = - (1 + i) 2
z2
z
z
( z + 1)
pi
f ( -1)....(2)
3
f ( -1) = 8 e
e 2 z dz
( z + 1)
4
3
|z |= 3 ( z + 1)
By Milnes Method
f ( z) = f( z, 0) - iy( z, 0)
2 cos 2 z - 2
-2
=
- i(0) =
= - cosec2 z
(1 - cos 2 z) 2
1 - cos 2 z
1 - 2z
Formula
1
I1 = dz = 2 pi
c z
On A, z = 1 + i and On B, z = 2 + 4 i
Let z = 1 + i corresponds to t = 0
1
f ( z o) = 2pi
x = b, y = d
b = 1, d = 1
f ( z) dz = ( x
c
x = a + b, y = c + d
a = 1, c = 3
+ ixy)( dx + idy)
[( t + 1)
everywhere in c i.e. z = 15
. , hence by Cauchys integral
+ i( t + 1)( 3t + 1)][ dt + 3i dt ]
t= 0
theorem
1
I3 =
dz = 0....(4)
-2
z
c
= [( t 2 + 2 t + 1) + i( 3t 2 + 4 t + 1)](1 + 3i) dt
0
t3
29
= (1 + 3i) + t 2 + t + i( t 3 + 2 t 2 + t) = + 1 1i
3
3
the circle z = 15
. , so the function f ( z) is analytic
....(2)
inside z = 15
. , therefore I 2 = 2 pi....(3)
1
For I 3 =
dz, the singular point z = 2 lies outside
-2
z
c
dx = dt ; dy = 3 dt
and it
f ( z) dz
[Here f ( z) = 1 = f ( z o) and z o = 0]
c z - zo
1
Similarly, for I 2 =
dz, the singular point z = 1 lies
-1
z
c
and z = 2 + 4 i corresponding to t = 1
2 = a + 1, 4 = c + 1
z dz
z = 15
. , therefore by Cauchys integral
lies inside
AB is , y = 3t + 1
1
3
I1 + I 2 - I 3....(1)
2
2
10. x = at + b, y = ct + d
f ( z) = - cosec2 z dz + ic = cot z + ic
1 - 2z
1
1
3
=
+
z( z - 1)( z - 2) 2 z z - 1 2( z - 2)
z( z - 1)( z - 2) dz
On integrating
and t = 1
....(3)
If is the circle z = 3
u
2 sin 2 x sinh 2 y
=
= y( x, y)
y (cosh 2 y - cos 2 x) 2
8 pi -2
e
3
2 cos 2 x cosh 2 y - 2
= f( x, y)
(cosh 2 y - cos 2 y) 2
-2
then, t = 0
f ( z) = 8 e 2 z
Now, f ( z) = e 2 z
On integrating
1
1
f ( z) = (1 + i) 2 dz + c = (1 + i) + c
z
z
www.gatehelp.com
Page
569
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
z = e iq
3z 2 + 7 z + 1
c z - zo dz = 2 pif( zo)
dz = ieiqdq
(e
iq
- e 2 iq) ie iqdq
f ( z o) = 2pif( z o)
f ( z) = 6 z + 7 and f( z) = 6
1 1
1
2
( e 2 pi - 1) - ( e 3px - 1) =
i 2
3
3
19. (C) f ( z) =
z -1
2
=1 z +1
z +1
f ( z) =
( z + 1) 2
f ( z) =
-4
( z - 1) 3
f ( z) =
12
( z + 1) 4
f (0) = 2;
f (0) = -4;
f (0) = 12; and so on.
sin pz 2
15. (D)
dz
c ( z - 1)( z - 2)
f ( z) = f ( z 0 ) + ( z - z 0 ) f ( z 0 ) +
( z - z0 ) 2
f ( z 0 ) +
2!
sin pz 2
sin pz 2
dz -
dz
z -2
z -1
c
c
( z - z0 ) 3
f ( z 0 ) + .....
3!
about z = 0
f ( z) = -1 + z(2) +
since, f( z) = 3z 2 + 7 z + 1
p
e 2 iq e 3iq
= i ( e 2 iq - e 3iq)dq = i
3i 0
2i
0
f ( z o) = 2pif( z o)
and f ( z o) = 2pi f( z o)
q= 0
=i
Engineering Mathematics
1
2 pi
z
c
1
cos pz dz
-1
z2
z3
( -4) +
(12) + ....
2!
3!
= -1 + 2 z - 2 z 2 + 2 z 3....
f ( z) = -1 + 2( z - z 2 + z 3 ....)
1
1
1
cos pz dz
2 2 pi c z - 1 z + 1
20. (B) f ( z) =
1
z +1
f ( z) =
-1
( z + 1) 2
f (1) =
-1
4
3z 2 + 7 z + 1
c z - 3 dz , since zo = 3 is the only
f ( z) =
2
( z + 1) 3
f (1) =
1
4
3z 2 + 7 z + 1
singular point of
and it lies outside the
z -3
f ( z) =
-6
( z + 1) 4
f (1) = -
Or I =
1 cos nz cos nz
dz
z +1
4 pi c z - 1
17. (D) f ( 3) =
3z 2 + 7 z + 1
is
z -3
f (1) =
f ( z) = f ( z 0 ) + ( z - z 0 ) f ( z 0 ) +
( z - z0 ) 2
f ( z 0 )
2!
+
3z 2 + 7 z + 1
dz = 0
z -3
( z - z0 ) 3
f ( z 0 ) + K
3!
about z = 1
f ( z) =
3
and so on.
8
Taylor series is
1
2
2
1
-1 ( z - 1)
+ ( z - 1)
+
2
2!
4
3
1 ( z - 1) 3
- +K
+
3! 8
4
1 1
1
1
( z - 1) + 3 ( z - 1) 2 - 4 ( z - 1) 3 +....
2 22
2
2
or f ( z) =
www.gatehelp.com
1
1
1
1
1 - ( z - 1) + 2 ( z - 1) 2 - 3 ( z - 1) 3 + ....
2
2
2
2
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Complex Variables
p
1
p
f = sin =
4
2
4
1
1
1 1
1
z z2 z3
1 + +
+
+ .. - 1 + + 2 + 3 + K
2
2
4
9
z
z
z
z
1 1
1
1 3
or f ( z) = K-z -4 - z -2 - z -1 - - z - z 2 z -K
2 4
8
18
f ( z) = -
1
p
f =
2
4
f ( z) = - sin z
1
p
f = 4
2
f ( z) = - cos z
1
p
and so on.
f = 4
2
24. (C)
( z - z0 )
f ( z 0 )
2!
about z =
( z - z0 ) 3
f ( z 0 ) + ....
3!
p
4
2
z -
4
+
3!
1
1
=
2
z
[1 - (1 + z)]2
-1
1
2
4
8
1 + + 2 + 3 + ....
z
z z
z
f ( z) =
1
3
7
+
+
+K
z2 z3 z4
z
1
1
1
= - 1 -
z -2 z -1
2
2
1
1
1
1
=
+
z( z - 1)( z - 2) 2 z z - 1 2( z - 2)
theorem, we get
+ ( n + 1)(1 + z) n + K
or f ( z) = z -2 = 1 +
( n + 1)( z + 1)
z = u + 1 and u < 1
1
1
1
1
=
+
z( z - 1)( z - 2) 2 z z - 1 2( z - 2)
n =1
1
1
1
23. (B) Here f ( z) =
....(1)
=
( z - 1)( z - 2) z - 2 z - 1
Since, z > 1
1
< 1 and z < 2
z
1
1
1
1
=
= 1 -
1 z
z -1
z
z 1 -
z
z
2
<1
and
-1
z
1
1
=
1 - = z -2 2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
- +
= (1 + u) -1 - u-1 - (1 - u) -1
2
2( u + 1) u 2( u - 1) 2
1
1
[1 - u + u2 - u3 + ... ] - u-1 - (1 + u + u2 + u3 + ...)
2
2
1
3
-1
= ( -2 u - 2 u - ...) - u = -u - u3 - u5 - K - u-1
2
=
-1
1
1 1
1
1 + + 2 + 3 + K
z
z z
z
-1
+ (1 - z) -1
1
2
-1
z z2 z3
1
+
+
+
+ K + (1 + z + z 2 + z 3 + ...)
2
4
8
1 3
7
15 3
f ( z) = + z + z 2 +
z +K
2 4
8
16
=-
f ( z) = [1 - (1 + z)]-2
1
<1
z
1
1 1
1
1 + + 2 + 3 + K
z z
z
2
1
1
2
= 1 -
z -2 z
z
2
3
1
1
p 1
p
p
1 + z - - z - - z - -...
4 2 !
4
3!
4
2
-1
11
3
7
+ 2 + 3 + K
zz z
z
1
+K
1 1
< <1
z 2
1
f ( z) = 1 + + 2 + 3 + .. - 1 + + 2 + 3 + ..
z
z z
z
z
z
z
z
z -
1
p 1
4
f ( z) =
+ z -
+
2!
4 2
2
f ( z) =
and
2
<1
z
1
1
1
= 1 -
z -1 z
z
Chap 9.5
z z
z
1 + 2 + 4 + 9 + K
1
z( e z - 1)
z
z3 z4
+
+
+ K - 1
z 1 + z +
2 ! 3! 4 !
www.gatehelp.com
Page
571
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Complex Variables
f ( z) dz = 2 pi 6 = 3 pi
-idz
dq =
; z q 2p
z
e 2 iq
b( z) dz = 0
r
c: z =1
(x
dz
z + 4z + 1
x
p
dz =
2
2
+ a )( x + b )
a+b
2
dz
= f ( z) dz
1
+ z6
c
c
Let f ( z) =
e 3iq
dq
R
a 2
b2
+ 2 e 2 iq + 2
R
R
Now when R ,
-idz
dq
0 2 + cos q = c 1 z 1 ;
2 + z +
2
z
2p
1
1
and cos q = z +
2
z
= - 2i
ie 2 iqiRe iqdq
2 2 iq
+ a 2 )( R 2 e2 iq + b2 )
0 (R e
f ( z) dz =
Now
Chap 9.5
1
z2 + 4z + 1
segment from -R to R.
For poles of f ( z), 1 + z6 = 0
f ( z) dz = 2pi(Residue at z = -2 +
where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
3)
z = ( -1) p 6 = e i ( 2 n + 1 ) p 6
lim
z -2 +
( z + 2 - 3) f ( z) = lim
z -2 +
f ( z) dz = 2 pi 2
2p
dq
2 + cos q = -2 i
0
3
pi
3
1
3
( z + 2 + 3)
1
2 3
pi
3
=
- 3+i
, i,
2
Only poles z =
Now, residue at z = -2 + 3
2p
+ 3+i
2
1
=
( z1 - z 2 )( z1 - z 3)( z1 - z 4 )( z1 - z 5)( z1 - z6 )
Residue at z =
3i(1 + 3 i)
f ( z) dz = 2pi
c
Residue at z =
1 + 3i
is
12 i
f ( z) dz +
Now
Residue at z = ib
z2
-b
= lim ( z - ib)
=
z ib
( z - ia)( z + ia)( z + ib)( z - ib) 2 i( a 2 - b2 )
R
f ( z) dz = f ( z) dz + f ( z) dz
c
f ( z) dz
f ( z) dz =
-R
2p
....(1)
3
iq
iRe dq
f ( z) dz = 1 + R e
6 6 iq
where R ,
1 + 3i
12 i
-R
2 pi
2p
(1 - 3i + 1 + 3i + 2 i) =
12 i
3
z
a
=
( z - ia)( z - ia)( z 2 + b2 ) 2 i( a 2 - b2 )
1
3i(1 - 3i)
Residue at z = ia,
z ia
1
6i
f ( z) dz = f ( z) dz +
or
= lim ( z - ia)
1 - 3i
12 i
Residue at z = i is
z2
35. (C) I = 2
dz = f ( z) dz
2
2
2
c ( z + a )( z + b )
c
3+i
lie in the contour
2
ie iqdq
R5
1
+ e6 iq
R6
f ( z) dz 0
r
(1)
ax
2p
=
1 + x6
3
-R
p
2 pi
( a - b) =
a+b
2 i ( a 2 - b2 )
********
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Page
573
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
9.6
PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
class is
(A) 14
(C) 12
(A) 2.1
(C) 2.3
(B) 13
(D) 10
size is 10, then the upper and lower limits of the class
are
(A) 47 and 37
(C) 37.5 and 47.5
(B) 37 and 47
(D) 47.5 and 37.5
(A) 9
(B) 17
(C) 27
(D) 33
(B) 2.2
(D) 2.4
Marks
Number of Students
0 10
12
10 20
18
20 30
27
30 40
20
40 50
17
50 60
(A) 18
(B) 28
(C) 27
(D) 6
(B) 33.1
(C) 30.6
(D) 28.1
5.
In
monthly
test,
the
marks
obtained
in
(B) 7
(D) 10
40
43
46
49
52
55
Number of Children
16
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) 6
Page
574
(A) 55
(B) 46
(C) 40
(D) None
www.gatehelp.com
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
value of x is
(A) 4
(C) 20
(B) 10
(D) 40
Chap 9.6
10
11
12
13
14
12
18
12
(A) 12
(C) 1.25
(B) 0.75
(D) 26
(B) 16, 4
(D) 20, 5
15 is
(A) 0
(C) 2
(A) 2.4
(B) 2.5
(C) 2.7
(D) 2.8
(A) 1
(B) 0
(C) 2.83
(D) 2.73
Number of persons
120
121
122
14
123
124
125
(B) 0.784
(C) 0.964
(D) None
20.
Eight
coins
are
tossed
simultaneously.
The
(B) 123 mm
(C) 122.5 mm
(D) 122.75 mm
(A)
7
64
(B)
37
256
(C)
57
64
(D)
249
256
Frequency
36
69
912
21
1215
23
1518
10
1821
12
2124
(A) 11.5
(B) 11.8
(C) 12
(D) 12.4
(B) 0.63
(C) 0.97
(D) 0.20
(B) 45%
(C) 35%
(D) 15%
11, 14 is
(A) 4
(B) 3.25
(A)
61
96
(B)
(C) 2.75
(D) 2.4
(C)
13
64
(D) None
www.gatehelp.com
5
32
Page
575
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
Engineering Mathematics
die in a year is
A1 , A2 , K, An each x
p. Then amongst n
persons
1
n2
(B) 1 - (1 - p) n
(C)
1
[1 - (1 - p) n ]
n2
(D)
1
[1 - (1 - p) n ]
n
5
24
60
1 4
(D) +
5 5
the distribution is
12
1 3
(B) +
4 4
24
1 1
(D) +
2 2
32
1
(B)
4
1 5
(C) +
6 6
(D) None
(A) 50
(C) 10
from each bag, the probability that one is white and one
is red, is
8
27
16
1 1
(A) +
7 8
successes is
(C)
13
(A)
27
12
(C)
1 3
(B) +
2 2
4 1
(C) +
5 5
1
(A)
24
12
3 1
(A) +
4 4
(B) 25
(D) None
(D) None
(C) 1
(D) None
1 4
(A) +
5 5
third and fourth shot are 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.1
respectively. The probability that the gun hits the plane
is
(A) 0.76
(B) 0.4096
(C) 0.6976
2 3
(C) +
5 5
1 2
(B) +
3 3
values 0 or 2 is
m2
(A) e - m 1 + m +
2 !
(B) e m (1 + m) -3 2
(C) e 3 2 (1 + m 2 ) -1 2
m2
(D) e - m 1 +
2 !
(B) p(1 - q)
(C) q(1 - p)
(D) p + 1 - 2 pq
36.
(A) 5
(B) 6
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 4
(D) None
(C) 3
(D) None
Page
576
www.gatehelp.com
If
is
Poission
variate
such
that
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Chap 9.6
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
is
yi = 42,
2
i
(A) -0.36
(C) 0.26
(B) -0.46
(D) None
38. If r = 0, then
(A) there is a perfect correlation between x and y
(B) x and y are not correlated.
(D) r =
Syi = 36,
cov ( x, y) is equal to
(A) 0.6
(C) 0.4
(B) 0.5
(D) 0.225
(A)
1
2
( bxy + byx ) = r
(B)
(C)
1
2
1
2
46. If byx = 1.6 and bxy = 0.4 and q is the angle between
two regression lines, then tan q is equal to
(A) 0.18
(C) 0.16
(B) -0.64
(D) -0.97
(A) 0.36
(C) 0.97
1
( bxy + byx )
2
(B) 0.24
(D) 0.3
4 x + 3y + 7 = 0
Rank in Maths
Rank in Chem.
10
then r( X , Y ) is
49. If x = y = 15,
n = 5, then bxy = ?
(A) - 13
(B) -
10
(C) - 14
(D) - 12
(B) 0.224
(D) None
yi = 44,
(A) 1.25
(B) 0.25
(C) -0.75
(D) 0.92
(A)
5
7
(B)
(C)
3
4
(D) 0.256
50. If x = 125,
4
5
x 2 = y 2 = 49, xy = 44 and
2
3
(A) 22 x + 9 y = 146
(B) 22 x - 9 y = 74
(C) 22 x - 9 y = 146
(D) 22 x + 9 y = 74
is equal to
(A) 2.1
(C) 1.225
(B) 1.6
(D) 1.75
*********
www.gatehelp.com
Page
577
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
SOLUTION
Engineering Mathematics
A.M. = A +
S( fd)
300
= 25 +
= 28.
Sf
100
x + ( x + 10)
= 42
2
x = 37.
x 16 50 = (20) 3
20 20 20
x =
= 10.
16 50
( a + b) = 20
and
ab = 64
5. (B)
Marks
Frequency f
f 1
20
12
Diameter of heart
(in mm)
Number of
persons
Cumulative
frequency
f = 16
( f x) = 64
120
121
14
122
14
28
123
36
124
41
125
50
A.M. =
b = 4.
12. (D) Observations in ascending order are
-3, -3, -1, 0, 2, 2, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5 6, 6, 6
Number of observations is 14, which is even.
Median =
1
1
[7 the term +8 the term] = (2 + 5) = 35
. .
2
2
( f x) 64
=
= 4.
f
16
6. (B) Mean =
45 2 + 40 2.5 + 15 2 220
=
= 2.2.
100
100
7. (B)
n
n
= 25 and
+ 1 = 26.
2
2
Class
Mid
value x
Frequenc
yf
Deviation
d = x- A
f d
010
12
-20
-240
Medium =
1020
15
18
-10
-180
2030
25 = A
27
3040
35
20
10
200
4050
45
17
20
320
1215.
5060
55
30
180
Sf = 100
Page
578
S ( f d) = 390
1
122 + 122
(25th term +26 th term) =
= 122.
2
2
Thus Mode = L1 +
www.gatehelp.com
f - f1
( L2 - L1 )
2 f - f1 - f2
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
= 12 +
(23 - 21)
(15 - 12) = 12.4.
( 46 - 21 - 10)
Chap 9.6
3 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 10 + 11 + 14
15. (C) Mean =
= 8.
8
1 1
1 1
= 8 C6 + 8 C7 + 8 C8
2
2
2 2
87
1
1
1
37
=
+ 8
+
=
2 1 256
256 256 256
1
2
Sd = 3 - 8 + 5 - 8 + 8 - 8 + 10 - 8 + 11 - 8 + 14 - 8
21. (C) Let E = the event that A solves the problem. and
= 22
Sd 22
Thus Mean deviation =
=
= 2.75.
n
8
16. (B)
f x
d = x-M
f d
10
30
11
12
132
12
12
18
216
13
12
156
12
14
42
Sf = 48
Sfx = 576
Thus M =
Sfd = 36
576
= 12.
48
= P ( E) P ( F ) + P ( E ) P ( F )
Sd2 = 7 - 11 + 9 - 11 + 11 - 11 + 13 - 11 + 15 - 11 = 40
s=
Sd 2
40
=
= 8 = 2 2 = 2 1.41 = 2.8.
n
5
3 1 1 4
3
1 7 7
=
100 % = 35%.
+ =
+ =
4 5 4 5 20 5 20 20
6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 14 50
18. (C) M =
=
= 10.
5
5
years hence.
2
Sd2 = 6 - 10 2 + 8 - 10 + 10 - 10 + 12 - 10 + 14 - 10 = 40
6=
P ( E) = 1 - = ,
P( F ) = 1 - =
4 4
5 5
7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 55
=
= 11.
5
5
Sfd 36
So, Mean deviation =
=
= 0 .75
n
48
17. (D) m =
Required probability = P ( E F )
Then,
P ( E) =
5
12
and P ( F ) =
3
8
5 7
3 5
and P ( F ) = 1 - = .
Thus P ( E) = 1 =
12
12
8
Sd2
40
=
n
5
= 1 - P ( E F ) = 1 - P ( E) P ( F ) = 1 =
12
8 96
=3
+ 3
+
= 0.784.
=
10 100
100 10 1000 1000
20. (B) p =
1
,
2
q=
1
,
2
n = 8. Required probability
www.gatehelp.com
Page
579
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
Sxi 15
yi 36
=
= 3, y =
=
= 7.2
n
5
n
5
Sx y
110
cov( x, y) = i i - x y =
- 3 7.2 = 0.4
n
5
39. (C) x =
40. (D) r =
cov ( x, y)
var ( x) var ( y)
-16.5
2.89 100
Chap 9.6
7 3
and x = - - y
4 4
-3
-3
and
.
byx =
bxy =
4
4
3
-3 -3 9
or r = - = -0.75.
So, r 2 =
=
4 16
4
4
= -0.97.
6( SDi2 )
6 128 37
R = 1 2
= 1 - 10 99 = 165 = 0.224.
(
)
n
n
1
48. (A) r( X , Y ) =
( Sxi )( Syi )
n
42. (A) byx =
2 ( Sxi ) 2
Sxi - n
Sxi yi -
Sxi yi
6
n
43. (B) byx =
=
2 ( Syi ) 2
42 42
Syi - n
318
6
r 2 = bxy byx
45. (C)
cov( X , Y )
var( X ) var( Y )
10
6.25 31.36
5
7
5 44 - 15 15
1
=
= 5
49
15
15
4
24 44
306
4
= ( 306 - 264) = 42 = 2.1
=
2
(164 - 144) 20
(24)
164 - 4
3
x
4
25 50 - 125 100
9
=
25 1500 - 100 100 22
Also,
x=
125
= 5,
25
y=
100
= 4.
25
sy
sx
and bxy = r
sx
sy
r = bxy byx .
1
1 sy
sx
( bxy + byx ) > r is true if r
+r
>r
sy
2
2 sx
sy
sx
sy
sx
byx
r
1 sy
1
5
,
=
2=
r sx 0.8
2
m - m2
tan q = 1
1 + m1 m2
1.6
=2
0.8
m2 = r
sy
sx
= 0.8 2 = 1.6.
www.gatehelp.com
Page
581
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
(B)
x2
x5
x8
x11
+
+
+
2
20 160 4400
(C)
x2
x5
x8
x11
+
+
+
2
20 160 2400
2
(D)
Chap 9.7
0.2
0.4
0.6
y:
0.2027
0.4228
0.6841
11
x
x
x
x
+
+
+
2
40 480 2400
(A) 1.0611
(B) 2.4680
18. y (0.8) = ?
(C) 1.6321
(D) 2.4189
(A) 1.0293
(B) 0.4228
(C) 0.6065
(D) 1.4396
19. y (10
. ) =?
(A) 1.9428
(B) 1.3428
(C) 1.5555
(D) 2.168
13. y at x = 0.02 is
(A) 1.0468
(B) 1.0204
(C) 1.0346
(D) 1.0348
14. y at x = 0.04 is
(A) 1.0316
(B) 1.0301
(C) 1.403
(D) 1.0416
20. y (0.2) = ?
15. y at x = 0.06 is
(A) 1.0348
(B) 1.0539
(C) 1.0638
(D) 1.0796
(A) 0.2027
(B) 0.4396
(C) 0.3846
(D) 0.9341
21. y (0.4) = ?
(A) 0.1649
(B) 0.8397
(C) 0.4227
(D) 0.1934
22. y (0.6) = ?
(A) 0.9348
(B) 0.2935
(C) 0.6841
(D) 0.563
of y at x = 1 is
(A) 3.401638
(B) 3.405417
(C) 9.164396
(D) 9.168238
x = 0.2 is (h = 0.2)
that
(A) 1.2735
(B) 2.1635
(C) 1.9356
(D) 2.9468
x:
0.2
0.4
0.6
y:
0.02
0.0795
0.1762
(B) 0.3046
(C) 0.4648
(D) 0.5114
at
x = 0.2 is
at
(h = 0.2)
(A) 1.1384
(B) 1.9438
(C) 1.2428
(D) 1.6389
*********
www.gatehelp.com
Page
583
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
SOLUTIONS
x2 = x0 = 35
. -
1. (B) Let f ( x) = x 3 - 4 x - 9
Engineering Mathematics
x1 - x0
f ( x0 )
f ( x1 ) - f ( x0 )
0.5
( - 0.5441) = 37888
.
0.3979 + 0.5441
Since f ( 37888
.
) = - 0.0009 and f ( 4) = 0.3979, therefore
between 2 and 3.
Taking x0 = 37888
.
, x1 = 4, we obtain
0.2112
x3 = 37888
.
( - .009) = 37893
.
0.3988
decimal is 3.789.
second
approximation
1
x2 = ( x1 + 3) = 2.75.
2
to
the
root
is
i.e.
negative.
The root lies between x2 and x3 . Thus the fourth
1
approximation to the root is x4 = ( x2 + x3) = 2.6875.
2
Hence the root is 2.6875 approximately.
2. (B) Let f ( x) = x 3 - 2 x - 5
f (1) = e - 2 = 0.7183
So a root of (i ) lies between 0 and 1. It is nearer to 1.
Let us take x0 = 1.
Also f ( x) = xe x + e x and f (1) = e + e = 5.4366
By Newtons rule, the first approximation x1 is
f ( x0 )
0.7183
x1 = x0 =1 = 0.8679
f ( x0 )
5.4366
f ( x1 ) = 0.0672, f ( x1 ) = 4.4491.
Thus the second approximation x2 is
f ( x1 )
0.0672
x2 = x1 = 0.8679 = 0.8528
f ( x1 )
4.4491
Hence the required root is 0.853 correct to 3 decimal
places.
x0 = 2, x1 = 3, f ( x0 ) = - 1, f ( x1 ) = 16,
in
the
-2.375
-1.074
0.102
1.227
are
f ( x) = x + log10 x - 3.375
1
f ( x) = 1 + log10 e
x
x8 = 2.0943 etc.
Hence the root is 2.094 correct to 3 decimal places.
Taking x0 = 35
. , x1 = 4, in the method of false position,
we get
Page
584
www.gatehelp.com
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
x1 = x0 -
f ( x0 )
0.0126
= 2.9 +
= 2.9109
f ( x0 )
11497
.
at x = 0,
d2 y
=1 + 2 = 3
dx 2
at x = 0, y = 1,
f ( x1 )
0.0001
= 2.9109 +
= 2.91099
f ( x1 )
11492
.
d 3y
d2 y
dy
y
=
2
2
dx 3
dx 2
dx
= xn - n
= xn +
2 xn
2
f ( xn )
xn
dy d 2 y
d 3y
y
3
+
dx dx 2
dx 3
d4 y
= -2
dx 4
at x = 0, y = 1
d4 y
= 34
dx 4
Taking x0 = 5.5,
x1 =
1
28 1
28
= 5.5 +
x0 +
= 5.29545
2
5.5
x0 2
x2 =
1
28 1
28
= 5.29545 +
x1 +
= 5.2915
2
5.29545
x1 2
d 3y
=-8
dx 3
x = 0, y = 1,
at
xn + 1 = xn -
dy
= -1
dx
y = 1,
d2 y
dy
=1 -2y
2
dx
dx
f ( x1 ) = - 0.0001, f ( x1 ) = 11492
.
x2 = x1 -
Chap 9.7
dy h2 d 2 y h3 d 3 y h4 d 4 y
+K
+
+
+
3 ! dx 3 4 ! dx 4
dx 2 ! dx 2
(0.1) 2
(0.1) 3
(0.1) 4
3+
( -8) +
34 + ......
2!
3!
4!
1
28 1
28
= 5.2915 +
x3 = x2 +
= 5.2915
2
5.2915
x2 2
y0 = 0
y = y0 +
28 = 5.2915.
f ( x, y) dx
....(1)
x0
given x0 = 0,
d2 y
dy
=x
+y
dx 2
dx
d y
d y
dy
,
=x
+2
dx 3
dx 2
dx
given that
x1 = x0 + h = 0.1
x = 0,
d y
d y
d y
=x
+3
dx 4
dx 3
dx 2
y =1
y (0.1) = 1 + 0.1 1 +
y(0.1) = 1 + 0.1 +
(0.1) 2
(0.1) 3
1 +
2 +K
2!
3!
0.01 0.001
+
+K
2
3
given
dy
= x - y2
x1 = x0 + h = 0.1,
dx
f ( x, y ) dx
0
x0
dy
d2 y
d 3y
d4 y
,
= 1 ; 2 = 1,
=
2
= 3 and so on
dx
dx
dx 3
dx 4
y( x + h) = y( x) + h
y (1 ) = y0 +
x0 = 0,
Where y0 = 0 +
f ( x, 0) dx = x dx.
2
...(2)
f ( x, y
y ( 2 ) = y0 +
(1 )
) dx = 0 +
x0
x
= 0 + x 2 +
9
0
x
Now,
x3
dx
3
x
x
dx =
+
3 63
y (0.4) =
f x,
(0.4) 3 (0.4) 7
+
= 0.02135
3
63
f ( x, y) = y - x ; x0 = 0, y0 = 2
= 11053
.
y0 = 1
y = y0 +
x0
f ( x, y) dx
f ( x, y0 ) dx = 2 +
x0
www.gatehelp.com
f ( x, 2) dx
0
Page
585
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
= 2 + (2 - x) dx
=2 + 2x -
x2
2
....(1)
f ( x, y
(1 )
=2 +
Here
f x, 2 + 2 x -
x0
2
= 2 + (2 + 2 x 0
x
2
....(2)
f x, 2 + 2 x +
=2 +
x0
y4 = y3 + hf ( x3 , y3) = 10302
.
+ 0.1 f (0.3 , 10302
.
)
x
x
dx
2
6
2
= 10302
.
+ 0.03090
.
y4 = y( 0 .4 ) = 10611
Hence y( 0 .4 ) = 10611
.
x
x
= 2 + 2 + 2 x +
- dx
2
6
0
x
x2 x3 x4
+
2
6 24
=2 + 2x +
f ( x, y) = x + y 2 , x0 = 0
y1* = y0 + hf ( x0 , y0 ),
h
y1 = y0 + [ f ( x0 , y0 ) + f ( x1 , y1*)]
2
y0 = 0
.
y1* = 1 + 0.02 f (0, 1), y1* = 1 + 0.02 = 102
h
Next y1 = y0 + [ f ( x0 , y0 ) + f ( x , y1*)]
2
0.02
=1 +
[ f (0, 1) + f (0.02, 102
. )]
2
f ( x, y0 ) dx
x0
f ( x, y ) dx
0
=0 +
x0
x
f ( x, 0) dx
= 1 + 0.01 [1 + 10204
.
] = 10202
.
x
= 0 + xdx =
2
0
So,
f ( x, y
(1 )
) dx = 0 +
x0
f x,
0
x2
2
dx
= 10202
.
+ 0.02 [ f (0.02, 10202
.
)]
= 10202
.
+ 0.0204
= 10406
.
h
Next y2 = y1 + [ f ( x, y) + f ( x2 , y2* )]
2
0.02
y2 = 10202
.
+
[ f (0.02, 10202
.
) + f (0.04, 10406
.
)]
2
x
x
x
dx =
+
= x +
2
50
4
0
x
f ( x, y
(2 )
= 10202
.
+ 0.01 [10206
.
+ 10422
.
] = 10408
.
) dx
x0
.
y2 = y( 0 .04 ) = 10408
x2
x5
dx
= 0 + f x,
+
2
20
0
x
2 x7
x2
x5
x8
x11
x4
x10
dx =
+
+
+
= x +
+
+
2
20 160 4400
4
400
40
0
12. (A) x: 0
Page
586
0.1
0.2
.
y1 = y (0.02) = 10202
y3 = y2 + hf ( x2 , y2 ) = 101
. + 0.1 f (0.2 , 101
. )
n = 3 in (1) gives
) dx
x0
x
n = 2 in (1) gives
. + 0.0202 = 10302
.
y3 = y( 0 .3) = 101
(2 )
h = 0.1
Thus y2 = y( 0 .2 ) = 101
.
f ( x, y
y0 = 1,
x0 = 0,
n = 0 in (1) gives y2 = y1 + h f ( x1 , y1 )
x
x
2
6
=2 + 2x +
....(1)
y1 = 1 + 0.1 f (0, 1) = 1 + 0 = 1
dx
x2
- x) dx
2
yn + 1 = yn + h( xn , yn )
y1 = y0 + hf ( x0 , y0 )
) dx
x0
x
Engineering Mathematics
0.3
0.4
= 10416
.
+ 0.02 f (0.04, 10416
.
)
= 10416
.
+ 0.0217 = 10633
.
h
Next y3 = y2 + [ f ( x2 , y2 ) + f ( x3 , y3*)]
2
www.gatehelp.com
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 9
Engineering Mathematics
1
1
h
k
k2 = hf x0 + , y0 + 1
2
2
1
1
= (0.2) f (0.1, 11
. ) = 0.2(1.31) = 0.262
h
k
k3 = hf x0 + , y0 + 2
2
2
= .2082
y1 = y( 0 .2 ) = y0 + k
= 1 + 0.2735
12735
.
1
1
k2 = hf x1 + h , y1 + k1
2
2
. ) = 0.24
k2 = hf x0 + , y0 + 1 = (0.2) f (0.1, 11
2
2
To find y1 = y( 0 .2 ) ,
= 0.2188
1
1
k3 = hf x1 + h , y1 + k2
2
2
h
k
. ) = 0.244
k3 = hf x0 + , y0 + 2 = (0.2) f (0.1, 112
2
2
y1 = y( 0 .2 ) = y0 + k = 1 + 0.2428
= 12428
.
= 0.2357
1
1
k2 = hf x2 + h, y2 + k1
2
2
***********
k3 = hf x2 + h, y2 + k2
2
2
x0 = 0
y0 = 1,
h = 0.2
To find y1 = y( 0 .2 ) ,
k1 = hf ( x0 , y0 )
Page
588
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
10.5
EC-07
variable X is given by
x = 2 is
(A) E[ X 2 ] - E 2 [ X ]
(B) E[ X 2 ] + E 2 [ X ]
(C) E[ X ]
(D) E [ X ]
(B) 1 - x
(C) [ 3 + 2 2 - 1(1 + 2 x ]e -2
(D) e -2
3
2
1
-1
(A) ( 3 - x) e -2
(A) Z L = RS + jX S
(B) Z L = RS
(C) Z L = jX S
(D) Z L = RS - jX S
(A) 1.0
(B) 2.5
(C) 4.0
(D) 5.0
C
+
Vi
Vo
(C)
1
x
4. lim
(D)
sin( q/2)
q0
1
x2
is
(C) 2
(C) x 2
(B) 1
1
x2
(A) 0.5
(A)
(B) x 2
(A) x
(B) e x
(D) e - x
cm 3 at 300 K will be
(A) ni
(B) ni + N A
(C) N A - ni
(D)
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ni2
NA
Page
639
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
10. In a
given as T( s) =
Output
(B)
Input
Output
(A)
Input
Y ( s) =
1
s ( s -1 )
s-5
( s + 2 )( s + 3)
then It is
(A) -1
(B) 0
(C) 1
(D) unbounded
Output
(D)
Input
Output
Input
have
(A) S(0) S( f )
(B) S( f ) 0
(C) S( - f ) = -S( f )
(D)
S( f )df
=0
(B) 0010000
(C) 000111
(D) 101001
3p p
j wt x z
l l
3p p
j wt +
x z
l l
(A) E = yE0 e
(C) E = yE0 e
p
3p
j wt - x
z
l l
p
3p
j wt - x +
z
l
l
(B) E = yE0 e
(D) E = yE0 e
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
Page
640
(A) H . d s = j +
.d l
t
s
c
(B) H . d l = j +
d .d s
t
s
s
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
1W
X
2W
2A
1W
2i
(A)
(C)
4
V, 2W
3
2
(B) 4 V, W
3
4
2
V, W
3
3
(D) 4 V, 2W
Group-II
(1) Forward bias
(2) Reverse bias
(A) P - 1 Q - 2 R - 1 S - 2
(B) P - 2 Q - 1 R - 1 S - 2
(C) P - 2 Q - 2 R - 1 S - 2
(D) P - 2 Q - 1 R - 2 S - 2
34. The DC current gain (b) of a BJT is 50. Assuming
that the emitter injection efficiency is 0.995, the base
iC
20 kW
4 mF
20 kW
10 V
transport factor is
+
VC
-
(A) 0.980
(B) 0.985
(C) 0.990
(D) 0.995
(B) P - 1 Q - 4 R - 3 S - 2
Group-II
(1) Population inversion
(2)Pinch-off voltage
(3) Early effect
(4) Fat-band voltage
(A) P - 3 Q - 1 R - 4 S - 2
Group-I
(P)BJT
(Q)MOS capacitor
(R) LASER diode
(S) JFET
5W
(C) P - 3 Q - 4 R - 1 S - 2
5W
(D) P - 3 Q - 2 R - 1 S - 4
-j3
j3
(A) 0
(C) 12.5 30 o
2 kW
(B) 5 30 o
(D) 17 30 o
1 kW
vo
1V
1 kW
1 kW
(B) 4.9 mm
(C) 8 mm
(D) 12 mm
(A) -2 V
(B) -1 V
(C) -0.5 V
(D) 0.5 V
37. For the BJT circuit shown, assume that the b of the
transistor is very large and VBE = 0.7 V . The mode of
operation of the BJT is
Page
642
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-07
10 kW
2V
10 V
Chap 10.5
41.
1 kW
The
Boolean
expression
(B) saturation
minimized to
(A) Y = A B CD + A B C + A C D
and
Vi = 4 V , V0 = V02 .
for
The
can
be
(B) Y = A B CD + B C D + A B C D
(C) Y = AB C D + B C D + AB CD
(D) Y = AB C D + B C D + A B C D
42. The circuit diagram of a standard TTL NOT gate is
2 kW
VCC =5 V
100 W
1.4 kW
4 kW
2
Q4
+
Q1
Q2
D
+
Wn
Ln
= m p Cox
Wp
Lp
Q3
= 40 mA/V 2
1 kW
current I is
5V
PMOS
2.5 V
NMOS
(A) 0 A
(B) 25 mA
(C) 45 mA
(D) 90 mA
40. For the Zener diode shown in the figure, the Zener
1
1
0
(V0 ) ranges
from
S1 S0
200 W
+
vi
I0 4-to-1
MUX
I1
Y
I2
I3
0
1
1
0
I0 4-to-1
I1 MUX
I2
Y
I3
S1
vo
(A) X = A B C + A B C + A BC + ABC
S0
Page
643
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
(C) X = AB + BC + AC
(D) X = A B + B C + AC
44. The following binary values were applied to the X
(C)
(D) 1 Hz
X = 0, Y = 1; X = 0, Y = 0; X = 1, Y = 1.
X
P
Q
Y
the system is
(C)
(C) P = 1, Q = 0; P = 1, Q = 1; P = 1, Q = 0 or P = 0, Q = 1
(D)P = 1, Q = 0; P = 1, Q = 1; P = 1, Q = 1
t
-
(B) 5 1 - e 5 u( t)
(A) 5( 1 - e -5t ) u( t)
1
(1 - e-5t )u(t)
2
50.
5-point
(C)
sequence
t
-
1
1 - e 5 u( t)
x[ n]
is
given
as
denote the
discrete-time Fourier transform of x[ n]. The
p
value of
X (e
jw
)dw is
-p
(A) 5
(B) 10p
(D) 5 + j10 p
(C) 16p
Q0
D0
D1
Q1
(A) -0.5
(B) 0
(C) 0.25
(D) 0.5
8085
are
An
8255
chip
is
interfaced
to
an
R(s)
C(s)
Page
644
www.gatehelp.com
5
(s + 5)( s2 + s + 1)
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-07
(B)
5
s2 + s + 1
(s + 5)(s + 1)
1
s2 + s + 1
(D)
1
s 2 -1
(B)
1
s + 11s + 11
(C)
10 s + 10
s + 11s + 11
(D)
1
s + s + 11
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
decreasing
decreasing
decreasing
increasing
the
the
the
the
step size
granular noise
sampling rate
step size
s + 10
p( t) =
sin 4 pWt
4 pWt(1 - 16W 2 t 2 )
The value of p( t) at t =
transfer function
G( s) =
2(s + 2)
(D)
10
s + 11s + 11
2
can be reduced by
(C)
(A)
Chap 10.5
K
.
s( s 2 + 7 s + 12)
1
is
4W
(A) -0.5
(B) 0
(C) 0.5
(D)
(B) 5.5
(C) 6.5
(D) 10
m(t)
G(jw)dB
60 dB
-20 dB/dec
(A)
40 dB
(B)
-40 dB/dec
20 dB
w
1
10
20 100
-60 dB/dec
(A)
1
( s + 1)( s + 20)
(B)
1
s( s + 1)( s + 20)
(C)
100
s( s + 1)( s + 20)
(D)
100
s( s + 1)(1 + 0.05 s)
(D)
61.
During
transmission
over
certain
binary
dw
dt
dia
dt
1 w 0
-1
= -1 -10 i + 10 u
a
(B) 1 - pn
(D) 1 - (1 - p) n
Page
645
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
1
5
- 1
(A) 12
2
(B) 40
(D) 5
0 1
(B)
1 0
1
2
1
2
2
- 1
3
(C) 23
1
3 - 3
1
(D) 43
- 4
- 43
1
4
l/4
l/4
200
of
30
GHz
is
(free
space
impedance
h0 = 377 W)
(A) 308W
(B) 355W
(C) 400W
(D) 461W
200 W
l/4
H=x
p
5 3
5
(D)
7
5
(C) j
5
7
69. A
l
2
(B)
-5
7
(D)
5
7
l0
2
above
50
h0
looks approximately as
(A)
(B)
E=
wm p
2 px
H 0 sin
sin( wt - bz) y
h2 2
a
along
the
x -axis
and
the
(C) TM 20
(D) TE10
Page
646
(D)
y -axis
is
(B) TM11
www.gatehelp.com
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-07
Linearly
Polarized
RCP
Chap 10.5
air
noise.
Dielectric
(B) 3
(D) 3
(A) 2
(C) 2
figure
shows
the
high-frequency
(MOS)
capacitor
having
an
area
of
Constellation 1
(B) 4
(C) 2
(D) 8
75.
7 pF
Constellation 2
If
these
constellations
are
used
for
digital
1 pF
V
(B) 143 nm
(C) 350 nm
(D) 1 mm
(A) 0.143 mm
(B) 0.857 mm
(C) 1 mm
(D) 1.143 mm
R1
R1
vo
R
C
Page
647
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
(A)
1 - sRC
1 + sRC
(B)
1 + sRC
1 - sRC
(C)
1
1 - sRC
(D)
1
1 + sRC
system are
1
1
(A) -1, and -2,
-1
-2
p
2
(C) -p and 0
(B) 0 and
p
2
1
1
(B) -1, and -2,
-1
-2
1
1
(C) -1 and -2,
1
-2
1
1
(D) -2, and 1,
1
-2
(D) - 2p and 0
-1 1
1
1
(B)
-1 -2
1
2
(C)
-1 -1
1
0
(D)
-2 -3
Line 1:
MVI A, B5H
2:
MVI B, OEH
3:
XRI 69H
4:
ADD B
5:
ANI 9BH
6:
CPI 9FH
7:
STA 3010H
8:
HLT
(B) EAH
(C) DCH
(D) 69H
(B) CY = 0, Z = 1
(C) CY = A, Z = 0
(D) CY = 1, Z = 1
-1
1
1
and b =
6
12
(B) a =
1
3
and b =
5
40
(C) a =
1
1
and b =
4
16
(D) a =
1
1
and b =
3
24
1
changes to x(0) = , then the system response
-2
(A)
152
9
(B)
e- t
becomes x( t) = - t
-e
(C)
76
3
(D) 28
Page
648
www.gatehelp.com
64
3
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-07
ANSWER
2R
2R
2R
Chap 10.5
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. A
7. D
8. C
9. D
10 .C
11. C
12. A
13. C
14. B
15. D
16. A
17. C
18. B
19. A
20. D
21. C
22. A
23. C
24. D
25. B
26. B
27. A
28. D
29. D
30. A
31. D
32. A
33. B
34. B
35. C
2R
R
vo
+
(B) 62.5mA
36. C
37. B
38. D
39. D
40. C
(C) 125mA
(D) 250mA
41. D
42. B
43. A
44. C
45. B
46. C
47. A
48. A
49. B
50. B
51. D
52. B
53. C
54. A
55. D
56. D
57. A
58. D
59. C
60. A
61. C
62. B
63. A
64. C
65. D
66. A
67. B
68. D
69. C
70. D
71. A
72. B
73. C
74. B
75. B
76. A
77. C
78. B
79. C
80. A
81. D
82. A
83.
84. B
85. C
(B) -1.562 V
(C) -3.125 V
(D) -6.250 V
************
www.gatehelp.com
Page
649
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
10.1
EC-03
2
s(1 + s)
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D)
i1(t)
Fig. Q1
(A) 3
(B) 4
(C) 6
(D) 7
sin t
2W
2H
1F
Fig. Q5
d 2i
di
(A) 2 2 + 2
+ i( t) = sin t
dt
dt
(B) 2
d 2i
di
+2
+ 2 i( t) = cos t
dt 2
dt
(C) 2
d 2i
di
+2
+ i( t) = cos t
2
dt
dt
(D) 2
d 2i
di
+2
+ 2 i( t) = sin t
dt 2
dt
power transfer is
(A) 1 W resistance
(B) 1 W resistance in parallel with 1 H inductance
(C) 1 W resistance in series with 1 F capacitor
(D) 1 W resistance in parallel with 1 F capacitor
(A) Germanium
(B) Aluminium
(C) Boron
(D) Phosphorus
(A) 25
(B) 50
(C) 100
(D) 200
(A) 1.36 eV
(B) 1.10 eV
(C) 0.80 eV
(D) 0.67 eV
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Page
591
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-03
Chap 10.1
Compared
circuit consists of
g p ( t) =
n = -
to
the
uncompensated
system,
the
(A) 5 + j 3
(B) -3 - j5
(C) -5 + j 3
(D) 3 - j5
(C) zero
(D) the envelope
(A) 4 e
j 4 pf
(C) 4 e
- j 4 pf
23.
(B) 2 e
- j8 pf
j8 pf
(A) raised-cosine
(B) flat
(C) parabolic
(D) Gaussian
(D) 2 e
sequence
x( n)
with
the
z-transform
X ( z) = z 4 + z 2 - 2 z + 2 - 3z -4 is applied as an input to a
h( n) = 2 d( n - 3) where
(A) 6 dB
(B) 3 dB
(C) 2 dB
(D) 0 dB
1, n = 0
d( n) =
0, otherwise
The output at n = 4 is
(A) Ampere
(A) -6
(B) zero
(C) 2
(D) -4
(C) Ampere/meter
(B) Ampere/meter
2
(D) Ampere-meter
of 4 MHz will be
Im
GH - plane
w=0
(-1, 0)
Re
(A) 6.25 cm
(B) 12.50 cm
(C) 50.00 cm
(D) 100.00 cm
w is positive
Fig. Q24
6
5
www.gatehelp.com
(B) 1 W
(D)
3
W
2
Page
593
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
- Ls I s
1
= s
1 I 2 s
R + Ls +
0
Cs
R + Ls + Cs
(D)
- Ls
M=0.75 H
R = 3.92 W
V=2cos 4t
Fig. Q32
(B) 1 - cos ( t + 55 ) + 10
3
cos (2 t + 55 )
2
3
cos (2 t - 35 )
2
i1
then Z ( s) is
i2
Im
C
1
Fig. Q33-34
-3
Re
-1
-V
2R
-V
(C)
4R
(B)
s - plane
-1
-V
R
Fig. Q36
(D) zero
(A)
3( s + 3)
s + 2s + 3
(B)
2( s + 3)
s + 2s + 2
(C)
3( s - 3)
s2 - 2 s - 2
(D)
2( s - 3)
s2 - 2 s - 3
at t = 0, are
1
R + Ls + Cs
(A)
- Ls
2W
R + Ls + Cs
(B)
- Ls
V
- Ls I s -
1
s
=
1 I 2 s
R+
0
Cs
R + Ls + Cs
(C)
- Ls
V
- Ls I s -
1
s
=
1 I 2 s
R + Ls +
0
Cs
Page
594
2W
3W
- Ls I s
1
= s
1 I 2 s
R+
0
Cs
1W
1W
Fig. Q37
(C) Z11 = 3W
of the
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-03
Chap 10.1
(A) 2.26 eV
(B) 1.98 eV
cross-sectional
(C) 1.17 eV
(D) 0.74 eV
area
has
majority
carrier
(C) 10
-1
(B) 10 4 Ohm
Ohm
(D) 10
-4
Ohm
(B) 2.0 mA
(C) 3.5 mA
(D) 4.0 mA
(A) zero
(B) -112 A cm 2
(C) +1120 A cm 2
(D) -1120 A cm 2
(A) PQRS
(B) QSRP
(C) RPSQ
(D) SRQP
Group 1
Group 2
P. LED
1. Heavy doping
2. Coherent radiation
R.Tunnel diode
3.Spontaneous
S. LASER
4. Current gain
emission
(A) 1/11 kW
(B) 1/5 kW
(C) 5 kW
(D) 11 kW
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
P-1
P-2
P-3
P-2
Q-2
Q-3
Q-4
Q-1
R-4
R-1
R-1
R-4
S-3
S-4
S-2
S-3
R2
(B) 5
(D) 8 10 3
Fig. Q46
used
there
is
(Planks
(A) (2 V, 2 mA)
(B) (3 V, 2 mA)
(C) (4 V, 2 mA)
(D) (4 V, 1 mA)
constant
= 6.626 10 -34 J s)
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Page
595
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
(A) 49 dB
(B) 51 dB
(C) 98 dB
(D) 102 dB
Fig. Q47
(A)
(2 p 6 RC)
1
(C)
( 6 RC)
1
(B)
(2 pRC)
6
(D)
(2 pRC)
1 kW
a
15 V DC
Unregulated
Power source
Q
Vz = 3 V
40 kW
Regulated
DC Output
20 kW
_
Z Y R
Fig. Q48
(A) 3 V
(C) 9 V
Z Y R
(B) 6 V
(D) 12 V
Z Y R
Z Y R
Output
Fig. Q53
5 kW
Y = RS + PR + PQ + P Q
1 kW
2V
Vout
1 kW
3V
8 kW
Fig. Q50
(A) 1 V
(B) 6 V
(C) 14 V
(D) 17 V
Page
596
Z = R + S + PQ + P Q R + PQ S Then
(A) W = Z , X = Z
(B) W = Z , X = Y
(C) W = Y
(D) W = Y = Z
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-03
S =10 ns
Fanout is
minimum
DTL
DTL
TTL
CMOS
Power
consumption is
minimum
TTL
CMOS
ECL
DTL
Propagation delay
is minimum
CMOS
ECL
TTL
TTL
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Chap 10.1
CLK
(B) Q
(C) R
(D) S
(B) 20%
(C) 10%
(D) 5%
ROM
R
R
CLK
2R
t1
4R
Fig. Q59
Vout
8R
R
Fig. Q57
t2
Address
Data
0011
1111
0100
1010
1011
10
1000
12
0010
14
1000
MSB
Fig. Q58
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Page
597
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
(A) 1111
(B) 1011
(C) 1000
(D) 0010
-0 .2 t
+ 1].
(A) Carry flag will be set but Zero flag will be reset
(B) Carry flag will be reset but Zero flag will be set
(C) Both Carry flag and Zero flag will be reset
Q ( a) =
1
3
1
2p
y2
2
dy
(B) Q(0.5)
(C) Q( 2 1 2 )
(D) 1 - Q( 2 1 2 )
(B)
1
6
(D)
1
12
sampling X ( t)
at t = 2
and t = 4
respectively. Let
W = Y - Z . The variance of W is
62. Let P be linearity, Q be time-invariance, R be
causality and S be stability. A discrete time system has
(A) 13.36
(B) 9.36
(C) 2.64
(D) 8.00
n 1
x( n)
y( n) = 0,
n =0
x( n + 1) n -1
-3
p(t)
(C) P, Q, R, S
T0 = 10 sec
-T0
-T0/6 0 T0/6
T0
Fig. Q67
(A) 327.8
(B) 163.9
(C) 52.2
(D) 104.4
R(s)
C(s )
R(s )
1
s
of the system is
1
s
6
-4
-2
-3
C(s)
Fig. Q68
(B) 7.17
(C) 71.7
(D) 4.505
Page
598
6
(A) 2
s + 29 s + 6
(B)
6s
s + 29 s + 6
s( s + 2)
s + 29 s + 6
(D)
s( s + 27)
s + 29 s + 6
(C)
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-03
Chap 10.1
K
s( s + 2)( s + 3)
G( s) H ( s) =
s
are
( s + 100) 3
(A) (-0.5, 0)
(B) (-2.548, 0)
(A) - dB, 0
(B) ,
(C) (-4, 0)
(D) (-0.784, 0)
(C) , 0
state-space equation
x& 1 1 0 x1
x1 (0) 1
x& = 1 1 x and x (0) = 0 is
2
2
2
20
0.1
100
10
( s + 0.1)
( s + 10) 2 ( s + 100)
e t
(C) t
te
t
(D) t
te
( s + 0.1) 3
(B) 10 7
( s + 10)( s + 100)
(C) 108
e t
(B)
t
Fig. Q70
( s + 0.1) 3
(A) 108
( s + 10) 2 ( s + 100)
te t
(A)
t
( s + 0.1)
( s + 10)( s + 100) 2
3
(D) 10 9
where
m( t) is the message
l
c
(A) 1.0
(B) 0.333
(C) 0.5
(D) 3.0
(B)
Step Response
Amplitude
1.5
1
0.5
0
10
15
Time (sec)
20
25
0.5
(C)
10
5
Time (sec)
(D)
1
Amplitude
(A)
1
2
(B)
1
4
(C)
1
3
(D)
1
8
Step Response
Step Response
1.5
Amplitude
0.5
signal,
0.5
then
the
coefficient
of
the
term
0
0
2
4
Time (sec)
4
Time (sec)
Bessel coefficients) is
(A) 5 J 4 ( 3)
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(B)
5
2
J8 ( 3)
Page
599
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-03
Chap 10.1
normal incidence, is
(A) zero
(C) 0.333 0
(D) 0.333180
dielectric
medium
E( z, t) = 10 cos (2 p 10 t - 0.1pz)
7
is
given
by
then
the
volt/m,
Fig. Q.90
2 ps
(A) 2 cos
2 ps
(B) 2 sin
ps
(C) 2 cos
l
ps
(D) 2 sin
l
**************
l/8
Zo
Zo
Z L 100 W
Zo
l/2
Y
Fig. Q.88
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Page
601
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
ANSWER SHEET
Page
602
1.
(B)
2.
(C)
3.
(B)
4.
(C)
5.
(C)
6.
(D)
7.
(B)
8.
(A)
9.
(C)
10.
(A)
11.
(B)
12.
(D)
13.
(B)
14.
(C)
15.
(A)
16.
(D)
17.
(C)
18.
(B)
19.
(B)
20.
(D)
21.
(D)
22.
(C)
23.
(B)
24.
(A)
25.
(C)
26.
(A)
27.
(A)
28.
(D)
29.
(B)
30.
(B)
31.
(A)
32.
(*)
33.
(D)
34.
(D)
35.
(C)
36.
(B)
37.
(A)
38.
(C)
39.
(C)
40.
(C)
41.
(C)
42.
(A)
43.
(D)
44.
(B)
45.
(A)
46.
(A)
47.
(A)
48.
(C)
49.
(D)
50.
(B)
51.
(D)
52.
(D)
53.
(B)
54.
(A)
55.
(B)
56.
(C)
57.
(A)
58.
(D)
59.
(C)
60.
(A)
61.
(A)
62.
(A)
63.
(C)
64.
(B)
65.
(A)
66.
(C)
67.
(A)
68.
(A)
69
(D)
70
(A)
71.
(B)
72.
(D)
73.
(C)
74
(A)
75
(D)
76.
(D)
77.
(B)
78.
(A)
79
(C)
80
(D)
81.
(B)
82.
(D)
83.
(B)
84.
(C)
85.
(C)
86.
(D)
87.
(B)
88.
(A)
89
(B)
90.
(D)
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
1H
i(t)
2W
Fig Q.5
(A)
(B)
i(t)
i(t)
0.5
0.31
1
0.63
t(sec)
t(sec)
(C)
(D)
i(t)
i(t)
0.5
0.31
vi
1
0.63
vo
t(sec)
t(sec)
Fig Q.11
(B) Indium
(C) Boron
(D) Phosphorus
3 V
IC
1 kW
IB
width is increased.
S2 : The b of a bipolar transistor increases if the
doping concentration in the base is increased.
Which one of the following is correct ?
(A) 56 mA
(B) 140 mA
(C) 60 mA
(D) 3 mA
(D) both the master and the slave states are affected
at the same time
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-04
Chap 10.2
system is given by
15.
A digital
system is
required
h[ n] = u[ n + 3] + u[ n - 2 ] - 2 u[ n - 7 ]
where u[ n] is the unit step sequence. The above
to amplify
system is
Vout
(B) 6
(C) 5
(D) 7
Vin
0
Fig Q.18
Group 1
Group 2
P: Shift register
1: Frequency division
Q: Counter
R: Decoder
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
P3
P3
P2
P1
Q2
Q1
Q1
Q3
R1
R2
R3
R2
0.55
0.25
-2
(A) zero
(B) 0.25
(C) 0.55
(D) 0.30
H ( z) =
Fig Q.17
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) AB
(D) AB
Input are
Floating
Fig Q.20
A
B
z
z - 0.2
(A) (0.2) n u[ n]
(B) (0.2) n u[ -n - 1]
(C) -(0.2) n u[ n]
(D) -(0.2) n u[ -n - 1]
(A) imaginary
(C) real
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Page
605
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-04
Chap 10.2
20 log H(jw)
0
20 dB/dec
-20 dB/dec
-20
40 dB/dec
100
10
Fig Q.33
(A)
( s + 10)
( s + 1)( s + 100)
(B)
10( s + 1)
( s + 10)( s + 100)
(C)
10 2 ( s + 1)
( s + 10)( s + 100)
(D)
10 3( s + 100)
( s + 1)( s + 10)
38..
In
an
N A = 9 10
16
V ( s)
of an RLC
34. The transfer function H ( s) = o
Vi ( s)
circuit is given by
6
H ( s) =
10
s + 20 s + 106
2
(B) 50
(C) 100
(D) 5000
abrupt
concentrations
cm
on
3
pn
the
junction,
p-side
and
the
(B) 0.3 mm
(C) 2.25 mm
(D) 0.75 mm
conditions
(A) 2 1016 cm 3
(B) 1 1016 cm 3
(D) 5 1015 cm 3
zero.
Its
transfer
function
H ( s) = VC ( s) Vi ( s) is
1
(A) 2
s + 10 3 s + 106
10 mH
10 kW
are
doping
n-side
106
(B) 2
s + 10 3 s + 106
vi(t)
vo(t)
100 mF
Fig Q35.
(C)
10 3
s 2 + 10 3 s + 106
(D)
(A) 4 pF
(B) 2 pF
(C) 0.25 pF
(D) 0.5 pF
106
s 2 + 106 s + 106
y( t) is
-t
-2 t
(A) (1 - 2 e + e ) u( t)
-t
-2 t
(C) (0.5 + e + 15
. e ) u( t)
-t
-2 t
(B) (1 + 2 e - e ) u( t)
-t
-2 t
(D) (0.5 + 2 e + 2 e ) u( t)
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Page
607
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
(A) 2 mA
(B) 3 mA
( rp)
(C) 9 mA
(D) 4 mA
of
the
transistor
in
the
common
emitter
configuration, are
(A) g m = 25 mA/V and rp = 15.625 kW
(A) 1.416 eV
(B) 0.886 eV
(C) 0.854 eV
(D) 0.706 eV
1 kW
1 kW
1 kW
(B) 9 A/cm2
(D) 2 A/cm2
Fig Q.47
(A)
1
mF
2p
(C)
1
2p 6
(B) 2p mF
mF
(D) 2 p 6 mF
5 V
current iL is
IC
R1
2.2 kW
4 kW
vi
+
VEC
R1
vo
1 kW
300 kW
R1
R2
iL
RL
Fig Q.45
Fig Q.48
(A) -
vs
R2
(B)
vs
R2
(C) -
vs
RL
(D)
vs
R1
Page
608
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
below
LXI H, 9258
MOV A, M
CMA
MOV M , A
Which one of the following is performed by this
(A) zero Hz
sequence?
1 ms
Fig Q.61
(A) DC
defined as follows :
x[ n] = [ -4 - j5 1 + j2 5 ]
and y
are not
(B) 4 units
(C) 3 units
(D) 2 units
4 - j2.5]
j2
(B) [- j2.5
(C) [- j2.5
j2
(D) [-4
j2.5]
0]
4]
MVI A, 00H
LOOP:
(A) a = 2, b < 2
HLT
END
H ( s) =
program would be
(A) JNZ LOOP, ADD B, DCR C
1
s+2
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-04
h[ n] = 4 2
0
n = 2, - 2
sin(2 t)
sin( -2 t)
(B)
sin(
t
)
sin(
-3t)
otherwise
(B) 4 2 e - jpn
(D) -4 e jpn
2
-2
69. If A =
, then sin At is
1 -3
sin( -4 t) + 2 sin( -t) - sin( -4 t) + 2 sin( -t)
(A)
2 sin( -4 t) + sin( -t)
- sin( -4 t) + sin( -t)
n = 1, - 1
Chap 10.2
(C)
(D)
-2 cos( 4 t) + cos( t)
- cos( -4 t) + sin( -t)
system is
Y ( f ) is
G( s) =
x(t)
y(t)
-2
-2
(C)
-1
Fig Q.66
1
(A) - X ( f 2) e - j 2 pf
2
1
(B) - X ( f 2) e j 2 pf
2
(C) - X ( f 2) e j 2 pf
(D) - X ( f 2) e - j 2 pf
(C) 90
(D) 180
x3
x4
(A) 4
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 1
x& 1 = -3 x1 - x2 = u, x& 2 = 2 x1 , y = x1 + u
the s-plane is
(A) 90
x2
P ( s) = s 5 + s 4 + 2 s 3 + 2 s 2 + 3s + 15
21
<K <
4
x1
K
s( s + s + 2)( s + 3)
2
x5
The system is
(A) controllable but not observable
(B) observable but not controllable
(C) neither controllable nor observable
Fig Q.68
(A)
(B)
(C)
1 - ( be + cf + dg)
abcd
bedg
1 - ( be + cf + dg)
abcd
1 - ( be + cf + dg) + bedg
1 - ( be + cf + dg) + bedg
(D)
abcd
1 0
At
73. Given A =
, the state transition matrix e is
0 1
given by
0 e- t
(A) - t
0
e
0 et
(B) t
e 0
e - t
0
(C)
-t
0 e
e t 0
(D)
t
0 e
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611
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
t(sec)
Fig. Q.74
(A) sec -1
(B) 1 sec -1
(D) 1 sec -1
(B) 0.2
(C) 0.05
(D) 0.5
if 0 X 0.3,
xq = 0
if 0.3 X 1,
xq = 0.7
(B) 30 dB
(C) 40 dB
(D) 60 dB
where xq
(B) 0.198
(C) 2.205
(D) 0.266
Group 1
Group 2
1 : FM
P : Slope overload
2 : DM
Q : m-law
3 : PSK
R : Envelope detector
4 : PCM
S : Capture effect
HPF
100 Mhz
Balanced
Modulator
y(t)
T : Hilbert transfer
U : Matched filter
100 Mhz, 1 V 90
100 Mhz, 1 V
Fig Q.76
(A) constant
(C)
5 4 - sin(2 p 106 t)
(B)
1 + sin(2 p 106 t)
(D)
5 4 + cos(2 p 106 t)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
1T
1S
1S
1U
2P
2U
2P
2R
3U
3P
3U
3S
4S
4T
4Q
4Q
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-04
Chap 10.2
kHz.
X(f )
-1
HPF
10 kHz
Balanced
Modulator
x(t)
f (kHz)
Balanced
Modulator
10 kHz
13 kHz
y(t)
10 V, 50 W source
Zo = 300 W
l/4
Fig Q.85
Fig Q.82
(A) 10 V
(B) 5 V
(C) 60 V
(D) 60/7 V
peaks are
(A) 1 kHz and 24 kHz
(C) 10 A
(D) 1.59 mA
displacement current is ( e o = 1 36 p 10 -9 F m)
(A) 10 mA
r
87.
If
and
E = (a$ x + ja$ y) e jkz - jwt
r
jkz - jwt
,the time-averaged Poynting
H = ( k wm )(a$ y + ja$ x ) e
vector is
Fig.Q.84
(B) ( k wm )a$ z
Binary 1
Binary 1
1V
0.1
t(ms)
0.1
t(ms)
-1 V
45 is equivalent to
Fig Q.84
.5
r=0
requirements
of
BPSK
x=0
respectively.
x = -0.5
P
x = -1
Page
613
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
10.3
EC-05
Maximum Marks :
-1
d2 y
dy
2
3 2 + 4
+ y +2= x
dt
dt
Fig. Q5
1 1
(A) ,
x( t)
2 2
(C)
1 1
(B) - ,
x( t)
2 2
1
1
, - x( t)
2
2
1
1
(D) - , - x( t)
2
2
(C)
(C) e
-t
sin(25 t)
5
6
sequence u( n) - u( -n - 1) must be
6
5
5
5
(B) z >
(A) z <
6
6
5
6
<z <
6
5
(D)
6
< z <
5
1
3
(D)
1
4
u(t)
y(t)
d2 y
dy
-5
+ 6y =0
dt 2
dt
(A) y = e 2 x + e -3x
(B) y = e 2 x + e 3x
(C) y = e -2 x + e -3x
(D) y = e -2 x + e -3x
1
(A) R
2
L
C
L
(C) R 2
C
www.gatehelp.com
L
C
1
(D) R =
LC
(B) R
Page
615
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
+
n:1
v1
v2
Fig. Q8
(A) n
1
(B)
n
(C) n2
(D)
1
n2
C=
figure is
30 kW
10 kW
(D) 2 p 10 Hz
(C) 10 Hz
vo
Ri
100 W
Fig. Q15
RL
10 V
(B) 10 W
(C) 0.25 W
(D) 0.5 W
(B) 10 kW
(C) 40 kW
(D) infinite
Fig. Q10
(A) 1 W
30
(A)
kW
4
(A) 1.3 eV
(B) 0.7 eV
(C) 1.1 eV
(D) 1.4 eV
(A) CC - CB
(B) CE - CB
(C) CB - CC
(D) CE - CC
(A) 30 pA
(B) 40 pA
(C) 50 pA
(D) 60 pA
system is respectively
(A) B2, 0100 011
(B) 2B, 0100 0011
Page
616
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-05
Chap 10.3
23.
0 MUX
f
0 MUX
The
power
in
(A) 40
(B) 41
(C) 42
(D) 82
the
signal
the
minimum
transmitted
power
and
Fig. Q19
(C) ABC + A B C
(D) A BC + ABC
(A) VSB
(B) DSB - SC
(C) SSB
(D) AM
causal system?
(A)
(B)
h(t)
statements is true?
h(t)
(C)
(D)
h(t)
(A) [ l] = [m ] and X = W
(B) [ l] = [m ] and X W
(C) [ l] [m ] and X = W
(D) [ l] = [m ] and X W
h(t)
(B)
Im
Im
w= 0
w=
Re
1
21. Let x( n) = u( n), y( n) = x 2 ( n) and Y ( e jw ) be the
2
w= 0
w=
Re
j0
(B) 2
(C) 4
4
(D)
3
(C)
(D)
Im
Im
w=
w= 0
w=
w= 0
Re
Re
Group II
W. Phase Modulation
Q. km( t) A sin( wc t)
X.Frequency Modulation
Y. Amplitude Modulation
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Page
617
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-05
0 0
1 -1
(A) 5 V and 2 W
(C) 4 V and 2 W
41. If R1 = R2 = R3 = R and R3 = 11
. R in the bridge
circuit shown in the figure, then the reading in the ideal
14 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
4
(A)
1
0
0
0
2
0 0 0 1
12 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
2
(B)
1
0
0
0
2
0 0 0 1
1
0
(C)
0
0
0 0 0
0 1 0 0
4
(D)
0 0 14 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
Chap 10.3
R4
10 V
1
4
V
R3
R2
Fig. Q41
(A) 0.238 V
(B) 0.138 V
current ii ( t) is
(C) -0.238 V
(D) 1 V.
-j2
j2
i1
5 0 A
3W
are
10 60O A
I1
I2
10 W
+
20 W
V1
Fig. Q38
10 3
(A)
90 Amps.
2
10 3
(B)
- 90 Amps.
2
(C) 5 60 Amps
(D) 5 - 60 Amps
V2
-
Fig. Q42
j5 W
j10 W
0.1 0.1
(A)
-0.1 0.3
-1
10
(B)
1
0
.
05
30 20
(C)
20 20
1
10
(D)
1
0
.
05
j2 W
j10 W
(A) j29 W
(B) j9 W
(C) j19 W
(D) j39 W
0.1 mF
I1
Vi
-j2
I2
+
3V
1 kW
V1
2 sec
V2
-
is
Fig. Q43
5W
0.5I1
5W
10 V
(A) 3 V
(B) -3 V
(C) 4 V
(D) -4 V
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Page
619
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
sample A to B is
(A) 3
(B)
2
(C)
3
3
(D)
2
10 kW
10 kW
vo
vi
1 mF
relative
space
e o = 8.85 10
-12
F/m.
The
depletion
(B) 10 mF
(C) 1 mF
(D) 20 mF
1 kW
Fig. Q48
emitter current is
RC
RC
IC
_
V1
VBE
+
V2
RE
-VEE
Fig. Q46
(A) 30 mA
(B) 39 mA
(C) 49 mA
(D) 20 mA
Fig. Q49
can be calculated ?
VD=5 V
ID
1 MW
Transfer
Characteristics
VG=1 V
G
S
Fig. Q47
1V
VGS
VS=1 V
Fig. Q50
Page
620
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
60. Match
combination.
Group 1
will be
1
1
T0
Q0
1
T1
Q1
T2
Q2
Q0
Q1
Group 2
Q2
Fig. Q57
(A) 010
(D) 100
(B) 111
(D) 101
256 bytes
Chip #1
A8
A9
A9
(D) -n0 w0 f
A8
256 bytes
(A)
Chip #2
1 t j 3pt
x e
2 2
(B)
(C) 3 x( 3t) e - j 4 pt
A10 - A16
not used
(C) F900-FAFF
j 4 pt
3
(D) x( 3t + 2)
Fig. Q58
1 t x e
3 3
-8
-2
-0.2
y( t) = 0.5 x( t - td + T) + x( t - td ) + 0.5 x( t - td + T)
The filter transfer function H( w) of such a system
is given by
(A) (1 + cos wT) e - jwt d
Page
622
www.gatehelp.com
Fig. Q63
Re
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-05
1
1
<K <
2
8
(B) K <
1
(C) K < and 5 < K
8
1
1
and < K < 5
2
8
1
(D) K > and 5 > K
8
(C) 0 and
overshoot
-px
M p = exp
1 - x2
Chap 10.3
100%
(B)0 and 20
1
20
(D) 1 and
1
20
s-6
s + 8.33
(D)
s-6
s
G( s) =
65. Given the ideal operational amplifier circuit shown
in the figure indicate the correct transfer characteristics
assuming ideal diodes with zero cut-in voltage.
10 V
K (1 - s)
.
s( s + 3)
jw
jw
(B)
vi
vo
-10 V
2 kW
(C)
jw
jw
(D)
0.5 kW
2 kW
Fig. Q65
(A)
Vi
Vo
(B)
Vo
+10 V
+10 V
(A) holes
-8 V
+5 V
Vi
-5 V
+8 V
Vi
(B) electrons
(C) positively charged ions
(C)
-10 V
-10 V
(D)
Vo
Vo
+10 V
+5 V
-5 V
Vi
+5 V
-5 V
-5 V
-10 V
Vi
(C) 95 kHz
www.gatehelp.com
Page
623
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-05
Chap 10.3
onwards,
ORI 40 H
20 V
ADD M
2 kW
+
+
2 MW
vi
vo
2V
(B) 20 H
(C) 60 H
(D) 42 H
Zo
Zi
(A) 40 H
and
82b:
The dopen loop transfer function of a unity
Fig. Q78
(B) 2 MW and
(C) and 2 kW
(D) and
20
kW
11
20
kW
11
and
quantization levels.
81b:
the figure is
p(x)
Region 1
-3
LXI H, 0701
Region 2
-1 -a
Region 3
a1
Fig. Q83
MVI A, 20H
(A)
1
3
(B)
2
3
SUB M
(C)
1
2
(D)
1
4
(B) 02 H
(C) 00 H
(D) FF H
4
81
(B)
1
9
(C)
5
81
(D)
2
81
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Page
625
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
y[n]
and
84b
(C)
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-2
-1
0 1
y[n]
V(z)
(D)
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
1
l/2
(B) 200 W
(C) 12.5 W
(D) 0
(B) -1
(C) 0.6
(D) 0
************
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
Fig. Q85
x - 1
y[ n] = 2
for n even
will be
for n odd
y[n]
2
1
(A)
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
y[n]
2
1
(B)
-6
Page
626
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
10.4
EC-06
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) 3
1
0 is
(D) e t u( t)
H ( jw) = A( w) e jf( w )
does
not
produce
any
phase
distortions if
(A) A( w) = Cw2 , f( w) = kw3
(B) A( w) = Cw2 , f( w) = kw
(D) A( w) = C, f( w) = kw-1
(B) P + ( P)
(D) ( P) - 2P
negative would be
(C) 2P + P
(C) e - t u( t)
(B) e 2 t u( t)
1 1
1. The rank of the matrix 1 -1
1 1
(A) e-2 t u( t)
(A) VD < 0
(B) 0 VD < Vp
(C) Vp VD < Vv
(D) VD Vv
(C) P dl
3.
(D) Pdv
-a x
, x ( -, )
(A) 0.5
(B) 1
(C) 0.5
(D) a
The value of K is
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-06
(C) Z i = , Z 0 = 0
(D) Z i = , Z 0 =
(A) Z i = 0, Z 0 = 0
Chap 10.4
t =0
(D) d( t) =
0
t =0
and
otherwise
otherwise
(C)
3
< z <3
2
d( t) dt = 1
(B)
2
< z <3
3
(D)
1
2
<z <
3
3
d( t) dt = 1
and
includes
1
(A) < z < 3
3
1
(C) d( t) =
0
K
( s + 1)( s + 2)
(B) 1
(C) 20
(D)
sum-of-product
expression
obtained
through
the
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
y(t)
1
s+1
Fig Q. 18
(A)
(C)
sin t -
4
2
1
1
e - t sin t
(B)
sin t +
4
2
The wave is
X ( jw) is given as
j 3w
j 3w
(A)
1 e
5
jw
X
(B)
1
e
5
(C)
1 - j 3w jw
e
X
5
5
(D)
1 j 3w jw
e X
5
5
jw
X
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Page
629
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-06
Chap 10.4
parameters given by
V1 A
I = C
1
B V2
D -I 2
1k
DRL + A
(C)
C + BRL
4 mF
Vi(t)
1 mF
4k
VO(t)
-
ARL + B
(D)
D + CRL
Fig. Q.34
(D) 8 Volts
I1
I2
G1 ( s) =
bI1
re
ro
1
s
And G2 ( s) = 2
s 2 + as + b
s + as + b
Fig Q.31
32.
The
first
and
the
last
critical
(A)
a 2 - 4 b,
a2 + 4 b
(B)
a 2 + 4 b,
a2 - 4 b
(C)
a 2 - 4 b,
a2 - 4 b
(D)
a 2 + 4 b,
a2 + 4 b
frequencies
satisfied by
(A) RL network only
(B) RC network only
Z1(s)
Z2(s)
Fig Q.36
0.002s
1 mV
5V
(A) 0.5A
(B) 2.0A
(C) 1.0 A
(D) 0.0 A
Fig Q.33
5V
1 kW
vR
_
Fig Q.37
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Page
631
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
(A) vR = -5
(B) vR = +5
(C) 0 vR < 5
(D) -5 vR < 0
(A) 0 Volt
(D) 10 Volts
42. For the circuit shown below, assume that the zener
diode is ideal with a breakdown voltage of 6 volts. The
waveform observed across R is
6V
(A) v B
(B) B v
(C) along v
(D) opposite to v
+
12sin wt
VR
2.
Group 1
Group 2
Fig Q.42
6V
E-Varactor diode
1-Voltage reference
F-PIN diode
G-Zener diode
3-Tuned circuits
H-Schottky diode
(A)
6V
(B)
Hole-electron ratio
:0.4
Doping concentration
Intrinsic concentration
:15
. 10 4 atoms/m 3
The
ratio
of
conductance
of
the
12 V
n-type
(D)
(B) 2,000
(C) 10,000
(D) 20,000
-6 V
(C)
41. For the circuit shown in the following figure, the
-6 V
C=1 mF
VC +
10 V
Fig Q.41
Page
632
(A) 423
(B) 1324
(C) 2201
(D) 4231
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-06
Chap 10.4
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
A2
3-to-8
Decoder
A3
A4
MSB
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
DATA
IORD
IOWR
I/O
Peripheral
A1
A0
A7
A6
A5
CS
Fig Q.44
(A) output 7
(B) output 5
(C) output 2
Q0
D0
Clock
D1
Q1
Q0
MSB
CK
CK
(D) output 0
Q1
Fig Q.47
connected as,
(A) Q1 and Q0
(B) Q0 and Q1
Full Adder
CLK
language program
CLK
Ci
CO
D
CLK
3000 H
CLK
Fig Q.45
(A) S = 0 C0 = 0
(B) S = 0 C0 = 1
(C) S = 1 C0 = 0
(D) S = 1 C0 = 1
D3
Q1
D1
Q0
D3
3 - Bit Counter
(B) 3CF8 H
(C) EFFD H
(D) EFFF H
1 kW
D2
Clock
D/A Converter
vo
1 kW
C
Fig Q.46
Fig Q.49
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Page
633
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-06
(A)
p
2
(B)
p
3
(C)
p
4
(D)
p
6
(C) RC <
Chap 10.4
1
wc
(D) RC >
1
wc
equation
0 1
X& ( t) = AX ( t) + BU ( t), A =
-1 0
sin t
- cos t
(B)
sin
t
cos
t
- cos t - sin t
(C)
cos t
- sin t
- cos t - sin t
(D)
sin t
cos t
cos t
(A)
- sin t
(A) D
D2
12
(B)
D
2
(D)
D
L
(A) 4 10 4 Hz
(B) 2 106 Hz
(C) 2 10 9 Hz
(D) 2 1010 Hz
(C) uncorrelated
(E) orthogonal
p
2
(B) p2 m 2
(D) p m 2
m2
Region II
m2=mo
er2=4
s2=0
E2
E1
(D) 2 -4
(A) RC <
y2(t)
(B) 2 -8
(C) 2 -6
(A) 2
y1(t)
Fig Q.64
(C)
-10
1
W
x<0
www.gatehelp.com
x=0
Fig Q.67
x>0
Page
635
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
(A) E2 = E1
voltage drop
(A) increases by less than or equal to 10%
(A) 8/9
(B) 1/2
(C) 1/3
(D) 5/6
(A) 10
(B) 5.3
(C) 5.3
(D) 10
(A) 5/3cms
(B) 5 cms
(D) 10 cms
function.
(A) s(1 - t)
(B) -s(1 - t)
(C) -s( t)
(D) s( t)
2 p2
(A)
5
(C)
p2
(B)
5
4 p2
5
(D) 20 p2
below,
the
transistor
has
the
(B) t, 10
.
(C) t, 2.0
(D) t 2 , 0.5
following
Linked Answer Question : Q.75 to Q.85 carry two
parameters:
marks each.
1 kW
5.3 kW
+
vC
CC
53 kW
vS
(A) t, 0.5
Q1
15 V (UR)
+
10 kW
1 kW
Fig Q.70
12 kW
6V
24 kW
Fig Q.76
Page
636
www.gatehelp.com
vo
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
ANSWER
(B) 50 Ohms
(C) 75 Ohms
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. B
9. A
10 .B
11. D
12. D
13. A
14. A
15. D
16. D
17.D
18. A
19. C
20. A
21. A
22. B
23. D
24. C
25. D
26. C
27. A
28. C
29. A
30. D
31. B
32. B
33. A
34. B
35. B
36. B
37. D
38. A
39. C
40. D
41. D
42. B
43. D
44. B
45. D
46. B
47. A
48. B
49. D
50. B
51. C
52. B
53. C
54. B
55. D
56. B
57. C
58. D
59.A
60. B
61. B
62. B
63. D
64. C
65. B
66. D
67. C
68. A
69. C
70. A
71. C
72. B
73. A
74. D
75. A
76. C
77. B
78. A
79.
80. C
81. B
82. C
83.C
84.
85.
***********
Page
638
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
CHAPTER
10.7
EC-09
d 2 y dy
4
-1
+
+ y = e is
dr 2 dt
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
10 V
10 min
(A) 220 J
(B) 12 kJ
(C) 13.2 kJ
(D) 14.4 kJ
(B) Holes
(A) P and S
(B) P and R
(C) Q and S
(D) Q and R
1
1
x( n) = u( n) - u( -n - 1) is
3
2
1
1
1
(B) z >
(A) < z <
3
2
2
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GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-09
(C) z <
1
3
Chap 10.7
heads ?
1
(A)
2
(B)
10
(D)
10
10
10
1
(C)
2
20 dB
1
C2
2
1
C2
2
- 40 dB
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
-10 kHz
10 kHz
13. If f ( z) = c0 + c1 z -1 , then
(B) 1 10 -6 W
(C) 2 10 -6 W
(D) 1 10 -5 W
1 + f ( z)
dz is given by
z
unit circle
(A) 2 pc1
(B) 2 p(1 + c0 )
(C) 2 pjc1
(D) 2 pj(1 + c0 )
power.
shown ?
20 V
.P: Coaxial
Q: Cylindrical
I
60 V
12 A
R: Rectangular
(A) 10 A
(B) 13 A
(C) 15 A
(D) 18 A
Page
663
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
(A) V -1
(C) V.cm
-1
(B) cm. V -1
(D) V.s
1A
1A
x
(A) x, y, z components
(B) x, y components
(C) y, z components
(D) x, z components
(A) R/4
(B) R/2
(C) R
(D) 2 R
1 0
dx
= Ax + Bu with A =
dt
0 1
p
and B = where p and q are arbitrary real numbers.
q
Which
of
the
following
statements
about
P ( X + Y = 2 X - Y = 0) ?
(A) 0
(C)
the
(B)
1
6
1
16
(D) 1
by
sin x
at x = p is given
x-p
(A) 1 +
( x - p) 2
+...
3!
(B) -1 -
( x - p) 2
+...
3!
(C) 1 -
( x - p) 2
+...
3!
(D) -1 +
( x - p) 2
+...
3!
whose boundary is C.
(A)
(B)
SC
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SC
A. dl = V . dS
C
(C) V . dl = A. dS
V . dl = A. dS
SC
(D) A. dl = V . dS
C
SC
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-09
Chap 10.7
(B)
f ( t) dt is
1
F ( s)
s
100 V
1
(D) [ F ( s) - f (0)]
s
F ( t) dt
(B) 20 e -1250 t u( t) mA
(D) 20 e -1000 t u( t) mA
P.
Q.
R.
S.
Group 1
dy y
=
dx x
dy
y
=dx
x
dy x
=
dx y
Group II
29. In the circuit shown, what value of RL maximizes
1. Circles
2. Straight lines
3. Hyperbolas
dy
x
=dx
y
100 V
(A) P - 2, Q - 3, R - 3, S - 1
(B) P - 1, Q - 3, R - 2, S - 1
(C) P - 2, Q - 1, R - 3, S - 3
(D) P - 3, Q - 2, R - 1, S - 2
26. The eigen values of the following matrix are
8
W
3
(A) 2.4 W
(B)
(C) 4 W
(D) 6 W
-1 3 5
-3 -1 6
0 0 3
represented by
di
+ Ri= V0 (1 + Be - Rt / L sin t) u( t).
dt
V
For an initial current of i(0) = 0 , the steady state
R
value of the current is given by
V
2 V0
(B) i( t)
(A) i( t) 0
R
R
L
(A) 3, 3 + 5 j, 6 - j
(B) -6 + 5 j, 3 + j, 3 - j
(C) 3 + j, 3 - j, 5 + j
(D) 3, - 1 + 3 j, - 1 - 3 j
(C) i( t)
V0
(1 + B)
R
(D) i( t)
2 V0
(1 + B)
R
1A
(A) 8 VAR
(B) 16 VAR|
(C) 28 VAR
(D) 32 VAR
(B) max( Vi 1)
Page
665
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-09
(A) NAND: first (0,1) then (0,1) NOR: first (1,0) then
(0,0)
Chap 10.7
(B) NAND: first (1,0) then (1,0) NOR: first (1,0) then
(1,0)
(C) NAND: first (1,0) then (1,0) NOR: first (1,0) then
(0,0)
(D) NAND: first (1,0) then (1,1) NOR: first (0,1) then
(0,1)
A) Causal, LP
39. What are the counting states (Q1 , Q2 ) for the counter
Q
JK
Flip Flop
Clock
(A) [0,-2+2j,2,-2-2j]
(B) [2,2+2j,6,2-2j]
(C) [6,1-3j,2,1+3j]
(D) [6-1+3j,0,-1,-3j]
JK
Flip Flop
locations of G( s) =
(A) 11, 10, 00, 11, 10,...
s2 - 2 s + 2
are shown below. The root
s2 + 2 s + 2
+
-
G(s)
Re (s)
(A) 2 and 0
(B) 2 and 45
(C) 3 and 0
(D) 3 and 45
s2 + 1
s2 + 2 s + 1
following
of
y( t)= x( t - t) h(2 t) dt
Which
four
properties
are
-2.24
s - 2.59 s + 112
.
2
(D)
-382
s - 191
. s + 191
.
2
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Page
667
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
UNIT 10
(D) j =
1
B0 z$
, r 0
m 0 x 2 + y 2
P ( X = k)
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.1
(A) 200W
(B) 100W
(C) 50W
(D) 25W
wc to generate
Consider
s( t)= [1 + m( t)]cos wc t
modulation scheme ?
(B) 11.11%
(C) 20%
(D) 25%
2
B0 z$
2
m 0 x + y2
, r 0
(B) j = -
(C) is 0.82
1
B0 z$
, r 0
m 0 x 2 + y 2
(B) is 0.76 V
x
y
B= B0 2
y$ - 2
x$
2
2
x +y
x +y
(C) j = 0, r 0
Page
668
room
(A) is 0.70 V
(A) j =
at
Thermal voltage = 26 mV
(C) C2 = C1 + 2 B
junction
(B) C2 = C1 + B
p-n
(A) C2 = 2 C1
silicon
www.gatehelp.com
GATE EC BY RK Kanodia
EC-09
Chap 10.7
shown.
Im
-1-0.5
Re
G(s)
-
-j
stability are
(C) 6 dB and 90
(D) 3 dB and 90
(A) 0.0333 V
(B) 0.05 V
(C) 0.0667 V
(D) 0.10 V
approximately
(A) 46 dB
(B) 43.8 dB
(C) 42 dB
(D) 40 dB
2'.
If only P2 is pressed, '5' is displayed, signifying 'Rs.
:
5'.
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Page
669