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Code No: V3110/R07 Set No. 1

III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2009
POWER SYSTEMS-II
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
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Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????
1. (a) What is the method of images? How can it be used to take into account the
presence of ground in calculating the capacitance of a single phase line?
(b) Two conductors of a single phase line, each of 2cm diameter, are arranged in
a vertical plane with one conductor mounted 2m above the other. A second
identical line is mounted at the same height as the first and space horizontally
0.5m apart from it. The two upper and the lower conductors are connected
in parallel. Determine the inductance per km of the resulting double circuit
line. [8+8]
2. (a) Discuss the terms voltage regulation and transmission efficiency as applied to
transmission line.
(b) A balanced 3-phase load of 30 MW is supplied at 132 kV, 50Hz and 0.85 p.f lag
by means of a transmission line. The series impedance of a single conductor
is (20+j40) ohms and the total phase-neutral admittance is 315 × 10−6 mhos.
Use nominal - T to determine
i. A, B, C, D constants of the line,
ii. Vs and
iii. regulation of the line. [6+10]
3. (a) Derive the expressions for voltage and current distribution over a long line.
Explain the significance of characteristic impedance loading in connection with
the long lines. Deduce the above voltage and current relations in the hyper-
bolic form and obtain the element values of an equivalent to represent the long
lines.
(b) Determine the auxiliary constants of a 3-phase, 50Hz. 200km long transmis-
sion line having resistance, inductance and capacitance per phase per km of
0.15 ohm, 3.5mH and 0.009µF respectively. [8+8]
4. (a) Draw equivalent circuit for finding the transmitted voltage and current surges
on a forked line. Derive expressions for the transmitted voltage and currents.
(b) A transmission line has an inductance of 0.93 H/km and a capacitance of
0.0078 µF/km. This overhead line is connected to an underground cable hav-
ing an inductance of 0.155 mH/km and a capacitance of 0.187 µF/km. If a
surge of crest 100 kV travels in the cable towards its junction with the line,
find the surge transmitted along the line. [8+8]
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5. (a) Derive an equation for calculating the maximum electric intensity on the con-
ductor surface of a 3-phase single circuit horizontal configuration line with two
sub-conductors per phase.
(b) In a 3-phase overhead line, the conductors have an overall diameter of 3.0
cm each and are arranged in delta formation. Assuming a critical disruptive
voltage of 250 kV between lines and an air density factor of 0.90 and m0 =
0.95, find the minimum spacing between conductors allowable, assume fair
weather conditions. [8+8]
6. (a) What is guard ring which is being used in the suspension string type insulator?
Deduce the relation for determining the capacitance formed by the ring.
(b) A three phase over head line is being supported by tree discs suspension in-
sulators, the potential across the first and second insulators are 12 and 18 kV
respectively. Calculate
i. the line voltage,
ii. the ratio of capacitance between pin and earth to self-capacitance of each
unit,
iii. the string efficiency. [8+8]
7. (a) Is sag desirable or an evil for a transmission line? Discuss the various conduc-
tor material used for overhead lines.
(b) An overhead line has a conductor of cross-section 2.5 cm2 and a span length
of 150 meters. Determine the sag which must be allowed if the tension is not
to exceed one-fifth of the ultimate strength of 4,175 kg/cm2
i. In still air,
ii. With a wind pressure of 1.3 kg/meter and an ice coating of 1.25 kg/m.
iii. Determine also the vertical sag in the latter case. [6+10]
8. (a) Show that for the same dimensions of a cable with an intersheath can with-
stand a working voltage of 33% higher than a non-intersheath cable. Assume
same homogeneous dielectric and most economical designs for both cables.
(b) A 3-phase, single core 66 kV cable has a conductor diameter of 3 cm and a
sheath of inside diameter 6 cm. If two intersheaths are introduced in such a
way that the stress varies between the same maximum and minimum in the
three layers. Find
i. Positions of intersheaths
ii. voltage on the intersheaths
iii. Maximum and minimum stress. [8+8]
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POWER SYSTEMS-II
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1. (a) What are bundled conductors? Discuss the advantages of bundled conductors,
when used for overhead lines.
(b) Calculate the capacitance (phase-to-neutral) of a three-phase 100 km long
double circuit line shown in Figure 1b, with conductors of diameter 2.0 cm
each arranged at the corners of an hexagon with sides measuring 2.1 m. [8+8]
Figure 1b
2. (a) Define regulation of a short 3-phase transmission system and develop an ex-
pression for approximate voltage regulation.
(b) A balanced 3-phase load of 30MW is supplied at 132kV, 50Hz and 0.85 p.f.
lagging by means of a transmission line. The series impedance of a single
conductor is (20 + j52) ohms and the total phase-neutral admittance is 315
× 10−6 mho. Using nominal-T method, determine:
i. The A, B, C and D constants of the line,
ii. Sending end voltage,
iii. Regulation of the line. [16]
3. (a) Derive the equivalent ABCD constants of a transmission line connected in
series with an impedances at both ends.
(b) The per-unit-length parameters of a 215kV, 400km, 60Hz, three phase long
transmission line are y = j3.2 × 10−6 mhos per km per phase and z = (0.1
+ j 0.5) ohm/km. The line supplies a 150 MW load at unity power factor.
Determine
i. the voltage regulation
ii. the sending-end power and
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iii. the efficiency of transmission. [8+8]
4. (a) Derive the travelling wave equations in a lossless transmission line.

(b) The ends of two long transmission lines, A and C are connected by a cable
B, 1km long. The surge impedances of A, B, C are 400, 50 and 500 ohms
respectively. A rectangular voltage wave of 25 kV magnitude and of infinite
length is initiated in A and travels to C, determine the first and second voltages
impressed on C. [6+10]
5. (a) Write a short notes on radio interference due to corona.

(b) Determine the disruptive critical voltage and the visual critical voltages for
local and general corona on a 3-phase overhead transmission line consisting of
three stranded copper conductors spaced at 2.5 meters apart at the corners
of an equilateral triangle. Air temperature and pressure are 210 C and 73.5
cm of Hg respectively. Conductor diameter is 1.8 cm, irregularity factor (m0 )
0.85, and surface factors (mv ) 0.7 for local and general corona 0.7 and 0.8
respectively. Breakdown strength of air is 21.1 kV (r.m.s) / cm. [6+10]
6. (a) Explain why suspension type of insulators are preferred for high voltage over-
head lines. Sketch a sectional view of one unit of the suspension type insulator
and describe the construction.
(b) An insulator string containing five units has equal voltage across each unit by
using disc of different capacitances. If the top unit has a capacitance of C and
pin to tower capacitance of all units is 20 percent of the mutual capacitance
of top unit. Calculate mutual capacitance of each disc in a string. [8+8]
7. (a) Discuss in brief, the factors on which sag of the overhead line depends. Write
the expression of sag and explain the terms with units.
(b) An overhead transmission line has span of 220 metres, the conductor weighing
604kg/km.Calculate the maximum sag if the ultimate tensile strength of the
conductor is 5758kg. Assume a factor of safety of 2. [8+8]
8. (a) What are all the insulating materials used in underground cables? Explain in
detail about different kinds of insulating materials.
(b) A single core 66 kV cable working on 3-phase system has a conductor diameter
of 2 cm and a sheath of inside diameter 5.5 cm. If the two inter sheaths are
introduced in such a way that the variation of stress is in between the same
maximum and minimum in the three layers. Determine the following:
i. Positions of intersheath
ii. Voltage on the intersheath
iii. Maximum and minimum stresses. [8+8]
?????

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POWER SYSTEMS-II
?????
1. (a) What is the method of images? How can it be used to take into account the
presence of ground in calculating the capacitance of a single phase line?
(b) Two conductors of a single phase line, each of 2cm diameter, are arranged in
a vertical plane with one conductor mounted 2m above the other. A second
identical line is mounted at the same height as the first and space horizontally
0.5m apart from it. The two upper and the lower conductors are connected
in parallel. Determine the inductance per km of the resulting double circuit
line. [8+8]
2. A 3-phase, 50Hz overhead transmission line 100km long has the following constants:
Resistance/km/phase = 0.1 ohm
Inductive reactance/km/phase = 0.2 ohm
Capacitive susceptance /km/phase = 0.04 × 10−4 mho
Determine
(a) the sending end current
(b) sending end voltage
(c) transmission efficiency when supplying a balanced load of 10000 kW at 66kV,
p.f. 0.8 lagging. Use nominal-T method. Draw the phasor diagram to illus-
trate your calculations. [16]
3. (a) Deduce expression for the magnitude of incident and reflected voltages at any
point on a transmission line interms of voltage and current at receiving end,
characteristic impedance and propagation constant of the line.
(b) A three-phase transmission line is 300km long and delivers a load of 150MVA,
0.8p.f lag at 220kV. The ABCD constants of the line are A=D=0.86 1.80 ;
B=1506 880 ; C =0.0026 900 mhos. Determine the following under full load and
no load conditions [8+8]
i. Sending-end line to neutral voltage,
ii. The sending-end current, and
iii. The percent voltage regulation.
4. (a) When the transmission line is terminated by the inductive load, how do you
find out the expressions of reflected voltage and current wave.
(b) A battery with an emf E and a resistance R is connected at t = 0 to the
sending end of a lossless transmission line which is open circuited at the far
end. Plot the sending end current as a function of time for R=Z0 /3. The time
required for a wave to travel the full length of the line is T0 . [8+8]
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5. (a) Explain the methods of reducing corona loss.
(b) Find the disruptive critical voltage and critical voltages for visual corona of
a 3-phase, 200 km long line consisting of three stranded copper conductors
(7/4.75) mm, area 120 mm2 spaced in a 4 metre delta arrangement, tempera-
ture 32 o C and barometric pressure 73 cm. If this line operates on 200kV at 50
Hz. Calculate fair weather and storm loss for the line. Assume any additional
data, if required. [8+8]
7. (a) Explain the factors affecting the mechanical design.

(b) An over head line with stranded copper conductor is supported on two poles
200 meters apart having a difference in level of 10 m the conductor diameter is
2 cm and weighs 2.30 kg/m square meter of the projected area and the factor
of safety is 4. The maximum tensile strength of the copper is 4220 kg/square
meter. [6+10]
8. (a) Derive a formula for the electric stress in a single core cable. Where is the
stress maximum? Where it is minimum?
(b) The inner and outer diameters of a cable are 3 cm and 8cm. The cable is insu-
lated with two materials having permittivity of 5 and 3.5 with corresponding
stresses of 38kV/cm and 30 kV/cm. Calculate the radial thickness of each
insulating layer and the safe working voltage of the cable. [8+8]
?????

2 of 2

POWER SYSTEMS-II
?????
1. (a) What are bundled conductors? Discuss the advantages of bundled conductors,
when used for overhead lines.
(b) Calculate the capacitance (phase-to-neutral) of a three-phase 100 km long
double circuit line shown in Figure 1b, with conductors of diameter 2.0 cm
each arranged at the corners of an hexagon with sides measuring 2.1 m. [8+8]
Figure 1b
2. A (medium) single phase transmission line 100km long has the following constants:
Resistance/km = 0.25 ohm
Reactance/km = 0.8 ohm
Susceptance/km = 14 × 10−6 mho
Receiving end line voltage = 66,000 V
Assume that the total capacitance of the line is localized at the receiving end alone;
determine
(a) the sending end current

(b) the sending end voltage
(c) regulation and
(d) supply power factor. The line is delivering 15000kW at 0.8 power factor lag-
ging. Draw the vector diagram to illustrate your calculations. [4+4+4+4]
3. (a) Starting from the first principles, deduce expressions for ABCD constants of
a long line in terms of its parameters.
(b) A three-phase, 50 Hz, 150 km long transmission line has three conductors each
of 0.7 cm radius spaced at the corners of triangle of sides 2 m, 3.5m and 4.5m.
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The resistance of each conductor is 0.4 ohms per km and the line delivers 50
MVA at 132 kV and at a lagging p.f. of 0.85. Determine ABCD constants as
long line (both real and complex angle methods) [8+8]
4. (a) Draw equivalent circuit for finding the transmitted voltage and current surges
on a forked line. Derive expressions for the transmitted voltage and currents.
(b) A transmission line has an inductance of 0.93 H/km and a capacitance of
0.0078 µF/km. This overhead line is connected to an underground cable hav-
ing an inductance of 0.155 mH/km and a capacitance of 0.187 µF/km. If a
surge of crest 100 kV travels in the cable towards its junction with the line,
find the surge transmitted along the line. [8+8]
5. (a) Explain the methods of reducing corona loss.

(b) Find the disruptive critical voltage and critical voltages for visual corona of
a 3-phase, 200 km long line consisting of three stranded copper conductors
(7/4.75) mm, area 120 mm2 spaced in a 4 metre delta arrangement, tempera-
ture 32 o C and barometric pressure 73 cm. If this line operates on 200kV at 50
Hz. Calculate fair weather and storm loss for the line. Assume any additional
data, if required. [8+8]
7. (a) Is sag desirable or an evil for a transmission line? Discuss the various conduc-
tor material used for overhead lines.
(b) An overhead line has a conductor of cross-section 2.5 cm2 and a span length
of 150 meters. Determine the sag which must be allowed if the tension is not
to exceed one-fifth of the ultimate strength of 4,175 kg/cm2
i. In still air,
ii. With a wind pressure of 1.3 kg/meter and an ice coating of 1.25 kg/m.
iii. Determine also the vertical sag in the latter case. [6+10]
8. (a) Find expressions for capacitance, insulation resistance and dielectric stress of
a single core cable.
(b) An H-type cable, 30km long has a capacitance per km between any two con-
ductors of 0.45µF. The supply voltage is 3-phase, 33kV, and 50Hz. Determine
the charging current. [8+8]
?????
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www.andhracolleges.

com The Complete Information About Colleges in Andhra Pradesh

Code No: V3110/R07 Set No. 1

Seminar Topics - Scholarships - Admission/Entrance Exam Notifications

Code No: V3110/R07 Set No. 1

Seminar Topics - Scholarships - Admission/Entrance Exam Notifications

Code No: V3110/R07 Set No. 2

Code No: V3110/R07 Set No. 2

4. (a) Derive the travelling wave equations in a lossless transmission line.

5. (a) Write a short notes on radio interference due to corona.

Seminar Topics - Scholarships - Admission/Entrance Exam Notifications

Code No: V3110/R07 Set No. 3

Code No: V3110/R07 Set No. 3

7. (a) Explain the factors affecting the mechanical design.

Seminar Topics - Scholarships - Admission/Entrance Exam Notifications

Code No: V3110/R07 Set No. 4

(a) the sending end current

Code No: V3110/R07 Set No. 4

5. (a) Explain the methods of reducing corona loss.

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