THE

PEOPLE
OF
THE
PHILIPPINES, plaintiff-appellee,
vs.
FRANCISCO ALBIOR y YBIOA CARLOS MANALANGSANG y BAKATANO RODOLFO VASQUEZ y BALUGO, JOHN
DOE alias "JUN" and PETER DOE alias "BERNARDO," accused, FRANCISCO ALBIOR, accused-appellant.
Facts:
A case was charged against CARLOS MANALANGSANG Y BAKATANO, FRANCISCO ALBIOR Y YBIOA,
PETER DOE ALIAS "BERNARDO" and JOHN DOE ALIAS "JUN," the true names and present whereabouts of the
last two accused have not as yet been ascertained, as principals, and RODOLFO VASQUEZ Y BALUGO as
accessory after the fact, of the crime of Robbery with Homicide with Rape.
Upon arraignment, accused-appellant Albior, together with accused Manalangsang and Vasquez pleaded
"not guilty" to the charge. Accused John Doe alias "Jun" and Peter Doe alias "Bernardo" remained at large.
Subsequently, accused Manalangsang withdrew his plea of "not guilty" and changed it to "guilty".
After trial, the court a quo rendered judgment on October 24, 1984, finding accused-appellant Albior guilty
beyond reasonable doubt of the crime of robbery with homicide with rape and Vasquez was found guilty beyond
reasonable doubt as an accessory to the crime of robbery.
As accused Vasquez had already served the term of his penalty while under preventive detention, he was
released while accused-appellant was transferred to the National Penitentiary for service of his sentence.
Thus, only accused-appellant Albior interposed an appeal.
ISSUE;
THE COURT A QUO GRAVELY ERRED IN FINDING THAT THERE WAS A CONSPIRACY PROVED
BETWEEN THE APPELLANT AND THE OTHER PARTICIPANTS.
RULING:
Accused-appellant Albior testified that at the time of the commission of the crime, he was at the house of his
cousin in Baesa, Quezon City and that he had nothing to do with the crime. He said that he did not understand
Tagalog, the dialect in which the extra-judicial confession was written, being a Cebuano, and that he only signed it
because he was told that if he did he would be released
On the basis of the evidence, the trial court concluded that there was a conspiracy among Bernardo Reyes (the
mastermind), Carlos Manalangsang and Francisco Albior to rob the house of the victim; that while Manalangsang and
Albior served as look-outs, Reyes entered the house of the victim by detaching a glass window from its frame and
raped her and boxed and beat her to death with a wooden baluster and, thereafter, took several items, including the
typewriter, the shoes, a bedsheet and the victim's panty. The trial court dismissed Albior's defense of alibi on the
grounds that it was not corroborated and that it was not physically impossible for him to have been at the scene of the
crime considering its proximity to the place where he claimed to have been. Further, Albior's extra-judicial confession
was adjudged to have been voluntarily and freely given.
In his brief, accused-appellant Albior assailed the legality of his arrest and the seizure of the stolen goods by
the CIS agents. However, as these issues were never raised in the proceedings before the trial court, they cannot be
considered and passed upon on appeal.
With regard to Albior's sworn statement, the Court finds obvious defects that would render it inadmissible in
evidence. In the case of People v. Galit [G.R. No. L-51770, March 20, 1985, 135 SCRA 465], the Court, quoting
from Morales, Jr. v. Enrile [G.R. No. 61016, April 26, 1983, 121 SCRA 538], said:
7. At the time a person is arrested, it shall be the duty of the arresting officer to inform him of the reason for the
arrest and he must be shown the warrant of arrest, if any. He shall be informed of his constitutional rights to
remain silent and to counsel, and that any statement he might make could be used against him. The person arrested
shall have the right to communicate with his lawyer, a relative, or anyone he chooses by the most expedient means
by telephone if possible or by letter or messenger. It shall be the responsibility of the arresting officer to see to it
that this is accomplished. No custodial investigation shall be conducted unless it be in the presence of counsel
engaged by the person arrested, by any person on his behalf, or appointed by the court upon petition either of the
detainee himself of by anyone on his behalf. The right to counsel stay be waived but the waiver shall not be valid
unless made with the assistance of counsel. Any statement obtained in violation of the procedure herein laid down,
whether exculpatory or inculpatory, in whole or in part, shall be inadmissible in evidence.[Emphasis supplied.]
These circumstances cannot but cast doubt on the trial court's conclusion that accused-appellant Albior
participated in the robbery, rape and homicide of Dana May Garces.
That accused-appellant Albior conspired with Bernard Reyes, Carlos Manalangsang and "Jun" to commit the
robbery has not been established either. The extrajudicial confessions of Manalangsang and Vasquez, the only
evidence remaining against Albior with the rejection of his sworn statement, are contradictory as to whether or not
Albior was actually part of the conspiracy. While Manalangsang claims that the plan included Albior and "Jun" as lookouts, he categorically stated that Reyes and himself had no other companions when they perpetrated the robbery
(Exh. "L"]. On the other hand, Vasquez, whose information was undoubtedly hearsay, said that Albior and "Jun" were

with Reyes and Manalangsang, but stated that Reyes and Manalangsang narrated during a drinking spree that only
they were involved (Exh. "O"]. Without a doubt, no conviction can be had on the basis of these contradictory
statements.
Clearly, the requirement of proof of guilt beyond reasonable doubt has not been met. Thus, although the Court
condemns in the strongest possible terms the brutal and shocking rape and slaying of Dana May Garces, given the
attendant circumstances, it finds itself with no other recourse but to apply the law and to acquit Francisco Albior of the
crime charged.
WHEREFORE, in view of the foregoing, accused-appellant Francisco Albior is hereby ACQUITTED.