(a)

Galea aponeurotica
(tendinous sheet)
Temporalis

Frontalis

Occipitalis

Orbicularis
oculi

276

Zygomaticus

Masseter
Buccinator

Orbicularis
oris

Sternocleidomastoid
Depressor
anguli oris
Platysma

An anterior and lateral view

(b)
Galea aponeurotica
(tendinous sheet)
Frontalis
Temporalis
Orbicularis
oculi
Zygomaticus

Masseter

Orbicularis
oris
Platysma

Buccinator
Depressor
anguli oris

Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Platysma
(cut and reflected)
Anterior view

Figure 9.6 Head and neck muscles

(b)

(a)

(c)

Humerus
Coracobrachialis
Triceps brachii

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Pronator teres
Extensor carpi Brachioradialis
radialis
Extensor carpi
ulnaris
Flexor
Extensor
digitorum
digitorum
superficialis

Flexor
carpi
ulnaris
Ulna

Tendon
sheaths

Radius

(d)

Flexor carpi
radialis
Palmaris
longus
Flexor carpi
ulnaris

Pronator
teres
Radius

Pronator
quadratus

Superficial

Deep

Trapezius
Levator
scapulae
Rhomboideus
muscles

Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Teres major
Serratus anterior

Triceps
brachii

Posterior view

Figure 9.7 Muscles of the upper limbs (shoulder, arm and hand)

277

Supinator

Ulna

(e)

Superficial

Deep

Trapezius

Levator
scapulae

Subclavius

Pectoralis
minor (cut)

Pectoralis
major (cut)

Coracobrachialis
Serratus anterior

Pectoralis
minor

278

Biceps brachii

Internal
intercostals
External
intercostals

Anterior view
Deep

Superficial

(f)

Clavicle
Pectoralis
major

Sternum

Deltoid

Subscapularis
Coracobrachialis
Teres major
Biceps
brachii

Anterior view

Figure 9.7 Continued

Deep

Superficial

(g)

T1 vertebra
Supraspinatus

Supraspinatus
Teres minor

Deltoid

Infraspinatus
Teres major
Latissimus
dorsi

Triceps
brachii

Posterior view

Figure 9.7 Continued

Serratus
anterior
External
intercostal
External
oblique
Aponeurosis
of external
oblique
Linea alba (midline band of
dense connective
tissue)

Figure 9.8 Trunk (thorax and abdomen)

External
oblique (cut)
Rectus
abdominis
Internal
oblique

279

(a)

(b)

Iliopsoas

Psoas
major

Gluteus medius

Iliacus

Gluteus maximus
Adductor magnus

Sartorius

Gracilis

Pectineus
Rectus
femoris

280

Quadriceps
femoris
group

Adductor
longus

Vastus
lateralis

Adductor
magnus

Vastus
medialis

Adductor
group

Vastus lateralis
covered by fascia

Semitendinosus
Biceps
femoris

Hamstring
group

Semimembranosis

Gracilis

Patella

Gastrocnemius

Muscles of the anterior

right hip and thigh

(c)

Muscles of the posterior

right hip and thigh

(d)
Biceps femoris
Vastus lateralis
Patella
Patellar ligament
Head of fibula

Tibialis anterior

Gastrocnemius

Fibularis longus

Tibialis anterior
Fibularis longus

Extensor digitorum
longus

Extensor digitorum
longus

Fibularis brevis
Fibularis brevis

Tibia
Calcaneal (Achilles)
tendon

Fibularis tertius

Muscles of the anterior right leg

Muscles of the lateral right leg

Figure 9.9 Muscles of the lower limbs (hip, pelvis/thigh and leg)

(e)

Gluteus
medius
(cut)
Tensor
fasciae
latae

Gluteus
medius

Gluteus
minimus

Gluteus
maximus

Gluteus
maximus

281

Iliotibial tract
(band of
connective tissue)
The gluteal muscle group

(f)

Muscles that move the thigh

Iliopsoas

Psoas
major
Iliacus

Sartorius
Pectineus

Adductor
brevis
Adductor
longus

Adductor
magnus

Gracilis

The iliopsoas muscle and the adductor group

Figure 9.9 Continued

Epicranial aponeurosis
Occipitofrontalis (frontal belly)

Temporalis
Orbicularis oculi

Nasalis

Masseter

Orbicularis oris

Platysma

Depressor anguli oris

Omohyoid

Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes

Sternohyoid

Trapezius
Deltoid

Latissimus dorsi

Pectoralis major
Serratus anterior

Rectus abdominis

282

Biceps brachii

External oblique

Brachialis

Brachioradialis

Triceps brachii

Extensor carpi radialis

longus

Extensor carpi radialis

longus
Brachioradialis

Tensor fasciae latae

Flexor carpi radialis

Iliacus

Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum
superficialis

Psoas major
Extensor pollicis
longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Abductor pollicis longus

Pectineus
Adductor longus

Thenar muscles

Sartorius

Hypothenar muscles

Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Vastus lateralis
Rectus femoris

Iliotibial tract

Vastus medialis
Patellar ligament

Tendon of
quadriceps
femoris

Tibialis anterior

Patella
Fibularis longus

Gastrocnemius

Tibia

Soleus
Tibia
Flexor digitorum longus

Calcaneal
(Achilles)
tendon

(a) Anterior view

Figure 9.10 Anterior view of the major muscles of the body (Tortora and Derrickson 2009)

Occipitofrontalis (frontal belly)

Epicranial aponeurosis
Occipitofrontalis (occipital belly)

Temporalis
Masseter

Sternocleidomastoid

Platysma
Trapezius

Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Teres major

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Triceps brachii

Latissimus dorsi

Brachioradialis
Anconeus
Extensor carpi
radialis brevis

External oblique
Gluteus medius
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Brachioradialis
Tensor fasciae
latae

Extensor digitorum
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis

Gluteus maximus

Vastus lateralis

Gracilis
Adductor magnus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Iliotibial tract
Semimembranosus
Popliteal fossa

Plantaris

Sartorius
Gastrocnemius
Soleus

Fibularis longus
Soleus

Fibularis longus

Flexor hallucis longus

Extensor digitorum longus

Flexor digitorum
longus
Calcaneal
(Achilles) tendon

(b) Posterior view

Figure 9.11 Posterior view of the major muscles of the body (Tortora and Derrickson 2009)

283