BALATAYO, JEUSAH A.

III BSIT

EFFECTIVE SPEECH
Stages of Communication

Stage 1 STIMULUS the process starts with a stimulus such as an

idea, startling news, a disagreeable remark or a positive comment that
activates the sensory processes of a person whom we shall identify as
the sender of the message.
Stage 2 TRANSMISSION the stimulus is transmitted by the nerve
fibers to the brain which in turn recognizes the event. Its perception is
affected by the senders experience, environment, or culture. The
senders brain identifies the event and evaluates it on the merit of the
stimulus.
Stage 3 ENCODING the senders thoughts are being encoded into
language symbols or a word which must be in the same language that
listener knows and understands. If, however, the sender of the
message thinks in a language that the receiver does not understand or
will find offensive, then he must rearrange or rephrase his symbols into
a language which he think is right.
Stage 4 SPEAKING now the speaker is ready to say his thoughts
aloud in the language and symbols he has chosen. He is now ready to
externalize his thoughts into the environment. What channels are
available to the sender of the message? He may use his voice, touch,
physical presence, bodily movement, facial expressions, gestures and
other available means. Having chosen the voice as the channel of
transmission, the speakers voice and the body move in to action; he
acts while his brain is encoding the message into sound symbols
sending direction for hand movement.
Stage 5 RECEIVER ACTION the sounds containing the message are
heard and the gestures that accompany them are seen by the
receiver/listener.
Stage 6 DECODING the receiver now decodes from sound to
language and encodes from thoughts to words. He chooses a language
which the sender will understand and utters his response. The listener
now changes his role by becoming the sender of the responses.
Stage 7 RESPONDING the response is now carried by the wave
lengths to the first speaker, the original source of the message. The
sound and subsequently the language and message are heard. The

listener now evaluates them and reacts using the same channel in the
same manner of exchange. This mutual interaction takes place and
feedback keeps coming to and from speaker and listener until both feel
that the purpose of the interchange is fulfilled.

The Process of Communication

Communication is the process of mutual interaction of people through
sensory stimuli anything that brings about a response in the nervous
system, the sensory system or the feelings of a person.
In oral communication, the voice is the main channel of transmission.

SENDER of a message first receives stimuli from the environment. He forms

his own response to this stimulus and encodes them so that they can be
transmitted as messages.
MESSAGE is organized and encoded in a language understood by both
actors. This message is transmitted orally through channels for sound and
light waves which are the carriers of the message.
RECEIVER receives the encoded message and organizes his response by
decoding the information and encoding his response; he transmits his
response through a channel that is accessible to both sender and receiver or
through another channel, or to another receiver who may or may not be the
original sender of the message.
FEEDBACK is the receivers response that provides information to the sender.
There may be several kinds of receiver response. As feedback occurs, the
sender adjusts his message or sends the same message modifying its means
of transmission in order to get a better response or a more positive feedback.

Feedback is very important in oral communication because it makes the

whole process a dynamic two way interactive event.

Voice Quality
Voice is the production of sound while speech is the communication of
sounds that become symbols representing meanings to both speaker and
listener.

COMMON TYPES OF VOICE QUALITY

The Normal Voice. In conversation, you speak naturally showing little

or no emotion. This is the normal quality of your voice. It is the result of
proper distribution between the oral and nasal resonance when all the
resonators are used in balanced proportion with no tension at all.
The Breathy Voice. When you want to create an atmosphere of
secrecy and mystery you use a breathy or a whispery voice. This
breathy, whispered type of tone is an aspirate quality of the voice
best heard in the stage whisper in which the sound of rushing air
present in the real whisper is sustained by a partial vibration of the
vocal chords.
The Full Voice. In many forms of public speaking when the voice must
be projected to a greater distance or when an occasion is formal and
dignified, you use the full, deep quality of your voice. Also, known as
the orotund (round mouth quality, it is produced by opening the
mouth somewhat wider and by increasing the oral and nasal resonance
so that the voice acquires a more ringing tone.
The Chesty Voice. This is a deep hollow voice as if coming from a
deep and empty cave. Its voice quality has less nasal resonance and it
is accompanied by vibration from a bony structure of the upper chest,
thus making it a chesty voice with a pectoral quality.
The Thin Voice. This voice quality is thin and high-pitched, the high
pitch being its chief characteristic. This falsetto quality occurs only in
extreme fatigue, weakening, old age, ill health or in extreme
excitement.

The Organs of Speech

The Process of Speech Communication

Stages of Speech Communication

THE BREATHING STAGE. Breathing, which is primarily concerned

with maintaining life, is secondarily a force assisting in vocalization. It
consists of two phases; inhalation and exhalation. The principal bodily
structures involved in the breathing process are the lungs and
diaphragm.
o LUNGS serve as the reservoir of air.
o DIAPHRAGM a large sheet of muscle separating the chest cavity
from the abdomen forms the floor of the chest and the roof of the
abdomen.
THE PHONATION STAGE. Phonation takes place when voice is
produced in speaking as the expiratory air stream from the lungs goes
up through the trachea or windpipe to the larynx.
THE RESONATION STAGE. The voice produced in the process of
phonation is weak. It becomes strong and rich only when amplified and
modified by the human resonators the upper part of the larynx, the
pharynx, the nasal cavity, and the oral cavity. This process of voice
amplification and modification is called resonation.
THE ARTICULATION STAGE. Articulation occurs when the tone
produced at the larynx is changed into specific sound such as [g] , [l] ,
[o] , [u] . This is a result of the movement of the articulators towards
the points of articulation.