TCH PHN MT LOI 2

PHP TUYN CA MT CONG.

Cho mt cong S: F(x, y, z) = 0, M(x0,y0,z0) S
L l ng cong trong S i

qua M. Tip tuyn ca L ti M

n

gi l tip tuyn ca S ti M.
Cc tip tuyn ny cng thuc
1 mt phng gi l mt tip
din ca S ti M.
Php tuyn ca mt tip
din ti M gi l php tuyn
ca S ti M.

PHP TUYN MT CONG

Gi s L S c pt: x = x(t), y = y(t), z = z(t)
M = (x(t0), y(t0), z(t0)) L
Vt ch phng ca tip tuyn ti M l :
u x (t0 ), y ( y 0 ), z(t0 )
M S: F(x,y,z) = 0, ta c:

Fx (M ) x(t0 ) Fy (M ) y (t0 ) Fz (M )z(t 0 ) 0

x(t0 ), y (t0 ), z(t0 ) Fx (M ), Fy (M ), Fz (M )

 x(t0 ), y (t0 ), z(t0 ) Fx (M ), Fy (M ), Fz (M )

(ng vi mi ng cong trong S v qua M)

n = Fx (M ), Fy (M ), Fz (M ) v cc vector t l
l php vector ca S ti M
Mt k hiu khc:

gradF (M ) Fx (M ), Fy (M ), Fz (M )
(gradient ca F ti M)

Mt s v d tm php vector
a/ Mt cu S : x 2 y 2 z 2 R 2

M ( x0 , y 0 , z0 ) S , n (M ) 2 x0 ,2 y 0 ,2z0
(v cc vector t l)

n
n
OM ( x0 , y 0 , z0 )

Mt s v d tm php vector
a/ Mt tr S : x 2 y 2 R 2

M ( x0 , y 0 , z0 ) S ,

n (M ) 2 x0 ,2y 0 ,0
(v cc vector t l)

n
OM ( x0 , y 0 , 0)

Mt s v d tm php vector
a/ Mt nn S : x y z z x 2 y 2
2

M ( x0 , y 0 , z0 ) S , n (M ) 2 x0 ,2 y 0 , 2z0

n (M )
z0

M ( x0 , y 0 , z0 )
M ( x0 , y 0 ,0)

z0

( x0 , y 0 , z0 )

MT NH HNG
S c gi l mt nh hng (mt 2 pha) nu
cho php vector ti MS di chuyn dc theo 1
ng cong kn khng ct bin, khi quay v im

xut pht vn khng i chiu.

Ngc li, php vector o chiu, th S c gi
l mt khng nh hng (mt 1 pha ).
Pha ca S l pha m ng trn , php vector
hng t chn ln u.
(Chng trnh ch xt mt 2 pha)

Mt mt pha

Mt hai pha

V d tm PVT tng ng vi pha mt cong

a/ Mt cu S : x 2 y 2 z 2 R 2

M ( x0 , y 0 , z0 ) S ,

n ( x0 , y 0 , z0 )
n
OM ( x0 , y 0 , z0 )

php VT ngoi

n ( x0 , y 0 , z0 )
php VT trong

b/ Mt tr S : x y R
2

M ( x0 , y 0 , z0 ) S ,

n (M ) 2 x0 ,2y 0 ,0

PVT trong
M

n ( x0 , y 0 ,0) PVT ngoi

M ( x0 , y 0 , z0 ) S ,

c/ Mt nn

z0

PVT trong

n ( x0 , y 0 , z0 )
PVT ngoi
z0

Php vector n v
z

n (cos ,cos ,cos )

NH NGHA TCH PHN MT LOI 2

Cho cc hm P, Q, R lin tc trn mt nh
hng S.Gi php vector n v ca S l

n (cos ,cos ,cos )

Tch phn mt loi 2 ca P, Q, R trn S nh
ngha bi

Pdydz Qdzdx Rdxdy

(P ,Q, R ).nds

Pdydz Qdzdx Rdxdy

(P cos Q cos R cos )ds

V D
1/ Cho S l pha ngoi ca na mt cu

z R x y , tnh
2

xdydz ydzdx zdxdy

Ti M (x, y, z) trn S, php vector n v l

( x , y , z)
n
R

( x , y , z)
I (P ,Q, R ).nds ( x , y , z ).
ds
R
S
S

x y z
ds
R
2

R
ds R
R

ds

2 R

2/ Cho S l ca phn mp x y z 1
b chn bi cc mt ta , ly pha trc
nhn t pha dng trc Oz, tnh

( x y )dydz zdxdy

1 1 1

n , ,
3 3 3

1 1 1

hay n , ,
3 3 3

Pha trn nhn t Oz+ thnh phn th 3

ca n phi khng m

1 1 1

n , ,
3 3 3

( x y )dydz zdxdy

( x y ,0, z).nds

1 1 1

( x y ,0, z). , , ds
3 3 3

( x y z)ds

S: z = 1 x y , hc S D : x 0, y 0, x y 1
Oxy

1
I
3

( x y z)ds

( x y 1 x y ) 3dxdy

1 y

0 0

dy

1
(1 2y )dx
6

CCH TNH TP MT LOI 2

V php vector n v thng thng rt

phc tp nn ta c th dng cch tnh sau

thay th:

Pdydz Qdzdx Rdxdy

S Pdydz S Qdzdx S Rdxdy I1 I2 I3

I3

Tnh

R ( x , y , z)dxdy

: gc hp bi Oz+ vi n

Vit pt S dng: z = z(x,y) (bt buc)

Tm hnh chiu Dxy ca S ln mp z = 0 (Oxy)
( bt buc)

I3

I3

R ( x , yz( x , y ))dxdy

Dxy

Dxy

R ( x , yz( x , y ))dxdy

Lu
Nu = /2 (S//Oz hoc S cha Oz) I3 = 0

Du + () nu php vt hp vi chiu dng Oz

mt gc nhn ( t )
+ : nu S ly pha trn nhn t Oz+

Hay

: nu S ly pha di nhn t Oz+

(p dng vi I3)

Pt ca S: x = x(y, z)
Tng t: I :
1

Dyz = hc ca S ln Oyz

Gc ca PVT so vi Ox+
Pt ca S: y = y(x, z)
I2 :

Dzx = hc ca S ln Ozx

Gc ca PVT so vi Oy+
S // Ox (hoc cha Ox) I1 = 0
S // Oy (hoc cha Oy) I2 = 0
S // Oz (hoc cha Oz) I3 = 0

V D
1/ Cho S l pha ngoi ca na mt cu

z R x y
2

tnh

zdxdy

zdxdy

I I3

S
2

z R x2 y 2

2
hc S Dxy : x 2 y 2 R 2

Oxy

zdxdy

Dxy

2
2

Dxy

R x y dxdy
2

0 0
d

2 3
R r rdr R
3
2

2/ Cho S l pha ngoi ca na mt cu

z R x y
2

tnh

xdydz

I = I2

S = S1 S2 : x R 2 y 2 z 2

hc S1,2 Dyz : y 2 z 2 R 2 , z 0

Oyz

Dyz

Lu : S1 v S2 i xng qua mp x = 0

nS2

nS1

, 2

2
2
l gc ca
Ox+ vi n
y
x

xdydz

xdydz

S1

Dyz

yz

R y z dydz
2

Dyz

Dyz

S2

R y z dydz
2

xdydz

0 0

R y z dydz 2 d
2

R r rdr
2

3/ Cho S l pha ngoi ca mt cu

x y z R
2

tnh

xz dxdy
2

S = S1 S2 : z R x y
2

1
hc S1,2

Oxy

, 2

2
2
Dxy : x 2 y 2 R 2

Lu : S1 v S2 i xng qua mp z = 0

xz dxdy
2

xz dxdy
2

S1

R2 x2 y 2

S2

dxdy
2

Dxy

x R2 x2 y 2

Dxy

dxdy
2

xz dxdy

Lu v tnh i xng
S gm S1 v S2 i xng qua mp z = 0
R(x, y, z) chn theo z : I3 = 0

R(x, y, z) l theo z:

R ( x , y , z )dxdy 2

S1

R ( x , y , z )dxdy

Tng t cho I1(xt P v mp x=0), I2(xt Q

v mp y=0)

4/ Cho S l pha trn ca phn mt tr z = y2

b chn bi mt tr x2 + y2 = 1, tnh

( x y )dydz 2z cos ydzdx zdxdy

2

I = I1 + I2 + I3
S cha Ox I1 = 0
S i xng qua mp y = 0, Q = 2z cosy
chn theo y
I2 = 0

I I3

D
xy

Dxy

S
2

zdxdy

y dxdy

NH L GAUSS - OSTROGRATXKI
Cho l min ng v b chn trong R3, S
l pha ngoi mt bin ca (S l mt cong
kn). P, Q, R l cc hm lin tc trn .
Tch phn mt loi 2

Pdydz Qdzdx Rdxdy

S

P Q R
x y z dxdydz

Tch phn bi ba

V D
1/ Cho S l pha ngoi mt bao khi :
x2 + y2 z 1. Tnh

zy dydz ( y y )dzdx x dxdy

2

G O

P Q R
x y z dxdydz

(0 1 2y 0)dxdydz

(1 2y )dxdydz
1

: x2 + y2 z 1

d dr (1 2r sin )rdz

2/ Cho S l pha ngoi phn mt paraboloid

z = x2 + y2 b chn bi mp z = 1. Tnh

zy dydz ( y y )dzdx x dxdy

2

S l mt h.

Thm S1 vo to thnh mt kn

n1

S1 l pha trn phn

mp z = 1 b chn
trong paraboloid.
Gi l vt th c
bao bi S S1.

p dng cng thc G-O:

zy dydz ( y y )dzdx xdxdy

2

S S1

P Q R
x y z dxdydz 2

(xem v d trc)

S S

S S

S1: z = 1, trong tr x2+y2 =1

zy dydz ( y y )dzdx x dxdy

2

=0
=0
(V S // Ox, Oy)

x y 1
2

x dxdy

3/ Cho S l pha trong mt bao khi

gii hn bi:z = 4 y2 , x = 0, x = 4, z = 0.
Tnh:

zxdydz xdzdx zydxdy

Qy Rz dxdydz
P

(z 0 y )dxdydz
2

0 2

dx dy

4 y 2

(z y )dz

CNG THC STOKES

Cho ng cong C l bin ca mt nh

hng S. C c gi l nh hng dng

theo S nu khi ng trn S(php tuyn
hng t chn ln u) s nhn thy C i
ngc chiu kim ng h.

CNG THC STOKES

Cho P(x,y,z), Q(x,y,z), R(x,y,z) v cc o
hm ring lin tc trn S, C l bin nh
hng dng ca S. Khi :

Pdx Qdy Rdz

Tch phn ng 2

P R
R Q
Q P

dydz dzdx dxdy

y z
x y
z x

Tch phn mt 2

V D
1/ Cho C l giao tuyn ca tr x2 + y2 = 1

v tr z = y2 ly ngc chiu kim ng h

nhn t pha dng Oz. Tnh:

I ( x y )dx (2 x z)dy xy dz
C

Chn S l pha trn

mt tr z = y2
P=x+y
Q = 2x2 z
R = xy2

P R
R Q
Q P

I dydz dzdx dxdy

y z
x y
z x

2
xy

1
dydz

y
dzdx

4
x

1
dxdy

z = y2 b chn
trong tr x2+y2=1

2
xy

1
dydz

y
dzdx

4
x

1
dxdy

=0
(V S cha Ox)

=0

(tnh i xng)

I I3

(4 x 1)dxdy

x 2 y 2 1

(4 x 1)dxdy 2

2/ Cho C l giao tuyn ca tr x2 + y2 = 1

v mt phng x + z = 1 ly ngc chiu

kim ng h nhn t gc ta . Tnh:

I ( y z )dx (z x )dy ( x y )dz

C

I ( y z )dx (z x )dy ( x y )dz

2

Chn S l pha di phn mt phng x + z = 1,

b chn bn trong tr.
I

R Q
y z dydz

P R

dzdx
z x
Q P
dxdy
x y
I 2y 1 dydz 2z 1 dzdx 2 x 1 dxdy
S

2
y

1
dydz

2
z

1
dzdx

2
x

1
dxdy

Chuyn sang tp mt loi 1

(1,0,1)
S: x + z = 1, n
2

2
y

1,

2
z

1,

2
x

1
.
nds

( y x 1)ds

S: z = 1 x , b chn trong tr x2+y2=1

hc S D : x 2 y 2 1
Oxy

2
I
2

( y x 1)ds

2
2

( y x 1) 1 zx zy dxdy

( x y 1) 2dxdy 2