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HFE0611 Bennett
HFE0611 Bennett
EM MATHEMATICS
Basic Electromagnetics
Made True and Clear with
Concrete Mathematics
By W. Scott Bennett, Ph.D.
Retired Electrical Engineer
sin
qv
4 r 2
A/m
sin
qv ( )
4 r 2
A/m
H ( )
sin dv ( )
q
= tp
2
d
4 r
A/m
sin dv ( )
E ( ) = Zm H ( ) = Zm t p
q
V/m
2
d
4 r
Zm v p
4 r 2
V/m
A common point source is a designated differential segment dV, of length dl and cross-
EM MATHEMATICS
(C)
Zm v p
4 r 2
Q ()
(V/m)
Z v dQ ( )
Er ( )
= t p m 2p
d
4 r
(V/m)
sin
i ( ) dA
4 r 2
(A/m)
H ( )
= tp
sin di ( )
dA
4 r 2 d
(A/m)
E ( ) = Zm H ( ) = Zm t p
sin di ( )
dA
4 r 2 d
(V/m)
dq ( t )
dt
(C/s)
(C/s)
iin ( t ) + iout ( t )
2
(A)
EM MATHEMATICS
(C)
E ( ) = E ( ) = Zm H ( ) = Zm
Also, if dl 0,
iin ( t ) iout ( t ) di ( t )
=
dA
dA
(A/m)
and
di ( t )
Q ( t ) = iin ( t ) iout ( t )dt = dA
dt
dA
i ( t ) dA
di ( t )
dA
di ( t ) =
=
= dA
vpc
dA / dt vpc
(C)
Zm k i ( ) dA Zm k
=
i ( ) dA
4 r 2 d
4 r 2
(V/m)
and
Zm k di ( )
dA
4 r 2 d
(V/m)
H ( ) = H ( ) + H ( ) =
Zm k
4 r 2
sin
4 r 2
di ( )
i ( ) + t p d dA
(V/m)
di ( )
i ( ) + t p d dA
(V/m)
sin di ( )
tp
dA
d
4 r 2
(V/m)
Observations
The point dipole was conceived by Heinrich Hertz by
viewing a current element in isolation, and assuming it
has the current i(t) from one end of dl to the other. That
would cause net charge accumulations on its ends of
t
+ q ( t ) = i ( t )dt
0
and
q ( t ) = i ( t )dt
(C)
Er ( ) = t p
58
and
Zm H ( t )
v p t
and
H (t ) =
1 E ( t )
Zm v p t
but
i ( t ) i t r / v p
1 i t r / v p
=
=
r
r
vp
t
Zm H ( )
v p t
and
H ()
1 E ( )
Zm v p t
Conclusions
As noted by at least one author more than three
decades ago, Current elements have no separate existence [1]. Therefore, for use as a current element, the
point dipole should be replaced with the nanocurrenta
true current element (Fig. 5).
And, based on the above observations, Maxwells equations should be carefully re-examined, and the overuse of abstract
mathematics that they apparently
have caused should be replaced with
the use of concrete mathematics.
Reference
1. Joseph A. Edminister, Theory
and Problems of Electromagnetics,
McGraw-Hill, 1979, page 113.
Author Information
W. Scott Bennett began as a
Radar Repairman in the US Air
Force. After early service technician
jobs,
he
attended
Syracuse
University, where he earned a BSEE,
an MSEE, and a PhD(EE). He
became an Assistant Professor at
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
taught electromagnetics and computer design. His last job was at
Hewlett-Packard Company, where,
for 16 years, he designed computers
and made the designs electromagnetically compatible. Since retiring, he
has worked to rid basic electromagnetics of abstract mathematics and
make it easier to understand. He can
be reached at: w.scottbennett@
juno.com
Editors Note
From time-to-time we publish
works such as this one, which can be
characterized as exploratory or
speculative. Although Dr. Bennett is
challenging Maxwells equations, his
intent is to find a better explanation
and definition of an important aspect
of those equations. Feedback and critique of his proposed analysis is welcome.
Gary Breed, Editorial Director