Professional Documents
Culture Documents
United States v. Jose Carlos Martell, A/K/A Saul Garcia Ramos, 906 F.2d 555, 11th Cir. (1990)
United States v. Jose Carlos Martell, A/K/A Saul Garcia Ramos, 906 F.2d 555, 11th Cir. (1990)
2d 555
This appeal arises from the conviction of appellant Jose Carlos Martell
(Martell) of conspiring to possess with intent to distribute cocaine, conspiring to
import more than five kilograms of cocaine, engaging in a continuing criminal
enterprise by distributing and importing more than 150 kilograms of cocaine,
traveling interstate to facilitate a conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute
cocaine, and conducting a financial transaction involving the proceeds of
dealing in cocaine. Martell raises a plethora of issues involving the sufficiency
of the indictment, the admission into evidence of a prior conviction for
possession of cocaine, and the propriety of the sentence he received. We reject
Martell's contentions as to all issues, save the issue regarding sentencing.
Accordingly, we AFFIRM the conviction, VACATE the sentence, and
REMAND for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
BACKGROUND
The case went to trial on January 10, 1989. Because of highly prejudicial
statements of a government witness, the district court declared a mistrial on
January 17. A new jury was impaneled, and a new trial commenced on January
19, 1989. The trial resulted in a guilty verdict on all counts in which Martell
was charged.
On March 30, 1989, the court conducted a sentencing hearing and determined
through reference to the sentencing guidelines that the appropriate sentence is
235 months served consecutive to the term Martell then was serving. The court
imposed an additional ten year sentence to be served consecutive to the 235
months for committing the offense while on release.
DISCUSSION
5
10
11
In this case, the indictment tracked the statutory language of 21 U.S.C. section
848(c),4 informing Martell that the government sought to prove a continuing
series of violations of sections 841, 846, 952 and 963 of Title 21 from
December 1983 up to and including February 13, 1989, and that the two
conspiracy counts in the indictment described two of the series of violations the
Martell next contends that the trial court's admission of his prior conviction as
evidence of a conspiracy and one of the offenses constituting a series of
continuing crimes was erroneous. The gravamen of Martell's complaint is that
the prior conviction is unrelated to the substantive conspiracy charges and the
continuing criminal enterprise charge. The government counters that the prior
conviction is pertinent to showing a continuing criminal enterprise, because it
involves a violation of 21 U.S.C. section 841 (possession with intent to
distribute a controlled substance), one of the offenses listed in the indictment,
and because the government adequately assimilated the prior conviction with
the continuing criminal enterprise violation. We agree with the government.
The conviction admitted into evidence was for a narcotics violation occurring
within the time period of Martell's alleged ongoing narcotics dealings.
Moreover, the record reflects that Martell had informed Hector Alvarez, one of
the co-conspirators charged in Count One (conspiracy to distribute and
possession with intent to distribute cocaine) and Count Two (conspiracy to
import cocaine) of the indictment, of his conviction at the time Martell assumed
his alias, Saul Garcia Ramos. Clearly, this evidence was highly probative of
Martell's involvement in a continuing cocaine dealing enterprise and implicated
Hector Alvarez as a player. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court's admission
of the prior conviction.
13
was section 2J1.7 of the United States Sentencing Guidelines (April 1987)
which assigns a base offense level of six to commission of an offense while on
release. Six more levels are added if the offense committed while on release is
punishable by a term of fifteen years or more. Since the maximum term that
could have been imposed under the continuing criminal enterprise count is life
imprisonment, see 21 U.S.C. section 848(a) (1988), six levels must be added to
the base level of six, totaling twelve levels.
14
15
Honorable Floyd R. Gibson, Senior U.S. Circuit Judge for the Eighth Circuit,
sitting by designation
Two superseded indictments were filed before the indictment on which Martell
was tried. The first indictment charged Martell with conspiring to possess with
intent to distribute cocaine, traveling interstate to promote and carry on the
conspiracy, and conducting a financial transaction involving the proceeds from
cocaine dealing. The second indictment added a continuing criminal enterprise
count and a conspiracy to import cocaine count
substance
Title 21 U.S.C. section 846 proscribes conspiring or attempting to commit any
offense defined in Subchapter I of Chapter 13 of Title 21.
Title 21 U.S.C. section 952 prohibits importation of a controlled substance.
Title 21 U.S.C. section 963 proscribes conspiring or attempting to commit any
offense defined in Subchapter II of Chapter 13 of Title 21.
4