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DC 2
DC 2
UNIT-II
Digital Modulation Techniques
Objectives:
To introduce the concepts of Digital Modulation Techniques.
Syllabus:
Digital Modulation Techniques
Amplitude Shift Keying, Frequency Shift Keying, Phase Shift Keying, Differential Phase Shift
Keying, Differentially Encoded Phase Shift Keying , Qudrature Phase Shift Keying, M-ary Phase
Shift Keying and Frequency Shift Keying, similarity of BFSK and BPSK.
Outcomes:
Students will be able to
Understand the need for Digital modulation.
Draw the modulated signals of various digital modulation techniques like ASK, PSK, FSK.
Calculate Bandwidth requirements of digital modulation techniques.
Compare different digital modulation techniques.
BPSKGeneration:
In BPSK the data b(t) in a stream of binary digit with voltage levels which as a matter of
convenience, we take +1 V and -1 V. So BPSK can be written as
V BPSK(t)=b (t) 2 Pscosot
Transmission
This VBPSK (t ) signal is transmitted through the channel. While it moves in the transmission path
of the channel, the phase of the carrier may be changed at the output of the receiver. So the BPSK
signal received at the input of the receiver can be taken as
where
Receiver
t =/ois
Psand
-Ps
The BPSK waveform is the NRZ waveform multiplied by 2PSCOS(ot) . Thus the power spectral
density of the BPSK signal is
Here, b(t)d(t)b(tTb)
b(0) cannot be found unless we know d(0) and b(-1). Here we have b(0) = 0, b(+1) = 0 so d(1)
should be 0.
In this Figure, d(0) & b(-1) is not shown. Here we have chosen b(0) = 0. If we choose b(0) = 1,
then there is no problem in detection of b(t).
VDPSK(t)=b(t) 2 Ps cosot
= 2Ps cosot
Transmission
When VDPSK(t) is transmitted from the generator to the channel, at passes through the channel,
then b(t) may be changed to b(t) before reaching receiver.
Receiver
b(t)b(t-Tb) = 1,
if d(t) = 0
if d(t) = 1
Transmission
Due to finite distance between generator and receiver the signal available at receiver may have
some phase change so,
VQPSK(t )=k1Ps bo(t )sin( w0t +)+k2 Ps be(t )cos( w0t +)
Reception
QPSK receiver
VQPSK(t)
VQPSK(t) sin(ot+)
()Raisei/pto
(2 k+1) Tb
()d
th
4 power
(2 k1)Tb
Sampling switch
L
a
t
c
h
BandpassFilter
4f0
vqpsk(t)cos(0t+)
(2 k+1)Tb
Frequencydivider
4
()dt
(2 k1)Tb
cos(ot+)
sin(ot+)