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KPMG IN INDIA
Foreword
The automotive industry is one of the focus industries for KPMG globally, given its
importance both in the mature economies of countries such as the US and Germany, and in
The Indian automobile industry has emerged stronger from the recent global downturn, and
sales across all segments have seen record breaking numbers in the recent past.
While the Indian industry has much to look forward to, by way of steady growth in both
domestic and export markets, there are some clear challenges accompanying the
opportunities in greener vehicles and alternative mobility.
The government for its part has much to do to ensure the growth trends are maintained, and
encourage the development of greener vehicles, while also improving compliance to even
existing environmental standards.
This report attempts to capture how the Indian automobile industry is expected to develop in
the longer term, and what role each stakeholder needs to fulfill in order to be geared up for
evolving requirements.
We have been aided in our study by several senior executives from Indias automotive sector
and we would like to express our gratitude to each of them.
It has been an exciting exercise for us to compile this report through discussions with
various industry personnel and by examining similar trends developing in other markets. We
hope that you find it interesting and insightful too.
Dieter Becker
Yezdi Nagporewalla
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Introduction
Growth
Consolidation
12
17
Green revolution
18
Mobility revolution
25
Conclusion
29
31
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Executive Summary
Introduction: Demographically and economically, Indias automotive industry is well-positioned for growth,
servicing both domestic demand and, increasingly, export opportunities. A predicted increase in Indias working-age
population is likely to help stimulate the burgeoning market for private vehicles. Rising prosperity, easier access to
finance and increasing affordability is expected to see four-wheelers gaining volumes, although two wheelers will
remain the primary choice for the majority of purchasers, buoyed by greater appetite from rural areas, the youth
market and women.
Domestically, some consolidation or alliances might be expected, driven by the need for access to better
technology, manufacturing facilities, service and distribution networks. The components sector is in a strong
position to cash-in on Indias cost-effectiveness, profitability and globally-recognized engineering capabilities. As the
benefits of collaborations become more apparent, super-specialists may emerge in which the automobile is treated
as a system, with each specialist focusing on a sub-system, akin to the IT industry. Though this approach is radical, it
could prove an important step in reducing complexity and investment requirements, while promoting
standardization and meeting customer demands.
Manufacturers are already planning for the future: early advocates of technological and distribution alliances have
yielded generally positive results, enabling domestic OEMs to access global technology and experience, and
permitting them to grow their ranges with fewer financial risks.
This exciting outlook for the industry is set against a backdrop of two potentially game-changing transportation
trends the gradual legislative move towards greener, gas-based public transport vehicles, and a greater
requirement for urban mass mobility schemes to service rapidly-expanding cities.
Green Revolution: In a price-conscious economy such as Indias, the shift towards green vehicles will be slow unless spurred by
government mandates. Although the major players are already equipped with the necessary capabilities to develop cleaner vehicles,
they do not see much merit in commercializing these technologies until the green revolution gains momentum most likely through
changes in political legislation and it achieves the market scale required for commercial viability.
Manufacturers are placing greater faith in dual-fuel technologies than in battery-powered alternatives because the necessary support
infrastructure, such as recharge stations, is not yet in place for the widespread adoption of the latter. The launch of electric motorcycles
could have a significant impact on the market, given that motorcycles account for the majority of two-wheeler sales in India.
Manufacturers of four-wheelers and commercial vehicles in particular stress the importance of optimizing conventional combustion
engines before experimenting too radically with costly new technologies.
01
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Mobility Revolution: Use of public transport in India has waned as private vehicle ownership has boomed, but increasing strain on the
road infrastructure in major cities means public investment is likely in Urban Mass Mobility Schemes such as metro systems and
buses. The automotive industry is unlikely to lose much of its customer base in the near-term, even as these schemes become more
prevalent, because the socio-economic statement of car ownership will continue to make private vehicles desirable.
At present there is a lack of clarity in the automotive industry over the role it will play in any mobility revolution. Although some
industry experts believe the impact of the mobility revolution will be minimal in the short-term, there may be opportunities for
manufacturers to become involved with the public sector in areas such as improving links between different modes of transport.
Conclusion: Current low car penetration, rising prosperity and the increasing affordability of private vehicles offer
a healthy prognosis for the Indian automotive industry. The companies benefiting most from this evolving landscape
will be those who forge judicious alliances and resource-sharing agreements, who prepare for the growing
importance of green technologies, and who remain flexible enough to respond to the twin needs of private light
transport and mass transport schemes.
02
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Introduction
03
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
India is home to a vibrant automobile of more than 40 million vehicles. It has been one of the few worldwide
which saw growing passenger car sales during the recession of the past two years. In fact, in 2009-10 it has
recorded its highest volumes ever. It is believed this upward trend will be sustained in the foreseeable future
due to a strong domestic market and increased thrust on exports.
The Indian economy has grown at an
average rate of around 9 percent over the
04
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
and in India?
Are contract manufacturing/alliances for
manufacturing or distribution becoming
the choice for capacity enhancements?
Theme 2: Green revolution
Are customer preferences shifting to
alternative fuel based cars?
Is consumer activism expected to drive
demand for greener vehicles in the near
future (5-10 years)?
What are the various initiatives taken by
Indian companies in the areas of
greener automobiles?
05
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
06
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
07
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(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Source: SIAM
Growth
Indias automobile market has grown
steadily over the last seven to eight years,
with the exception of the previous two
Source: SIAM
08
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Affordability
While quite a few new vehicles launched in
Alternative Fuels
conditions, he says.
Fuel Economy
The volume leaders across two-wheelers
and four-wheelers in India are companies
which have been able to offer products with
09
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Niche Products
Figure 7: Scooter - Domestic sales growth
Source: SIAM
5 SIAM
10
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Figure 10: Growth in rural demand for passenger vehicles (1.95 Mn vehicles in 2009-10)
11
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(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Consolidation
As India seeks to become one of the
vehicle segments.
2
Fiat India
1
Fiat India General Motors India
1900
7
Hindustan Motors
Premier Automobiles
Tata Motors
M&M
General Motors India
Standard
Fiat India
1920
1940
API
1
7
Ashok Leyland
Force Motors
Hindustan Motors
Premier Automobiles
Tata Motors
M&M
Standard
1950
Royal Enfield
Bajaj Auto
API
3
7
Ashok Leyland
Force Motors
Hindustan Motors
Premier Automobiles
Tata Motors
M&M
Standard
1960
Ideal Java
Mopeds Indias
TVS Suzuki
Escorts Group
Royal Enfield
Bajaj Auto
API
7
8
Ashok Leyland
Force Motors
Hindustan Motors
Premier Automobiles
Tata Motors
M&M
Standard
Sipani
1970
LML India
Ideal Java
Mopeds Indias
TVS Suzuki
Escorts Group
Royal Enfield
Bajaj Auto
API
Atul Auto
Scooters India
10
2W and 3W
11
Ashok Leyland
Force Motors
VE-CVs Eicher
Swaraj Mazda
JCBL
Hindustan Motors
Premier Automobiles
Tata Motors
M&M
Maruti Suzuki India
Sipani
1980
19
Ashok Leyland
Force Motors
VE-CVs Eicher
Swaraj Mazda
JCBL
Hindustan Motors
Premier Automobiles
Tata Motors
M&M
Maruti Suzuki India
Sipani
Rover
Mercedes-Benz India
Ford India
Honda Siel Cars India
Hyndai Motors India
Toyota Kirloskar Motors
Fiat India
Mitsubishi
General Motors India
1990
HMSI
Kinetic Motor Company
LML India
Ideal Java
Mopeds India
Hero Honda Motors
TVS Suzuki
Escorts Group
Royal Enfield
Bajaj Auto
API
Piaggio Vehicles
Atul Auto
Scooters India
24
Ashok Leyland
Force Motors
VE-CVs Eicher
Swaraj Mazda
JCBL
Asia Motor Works
Kamaz Vectra Motors
Hindustan Motors
Premier Automobiles
Tata Motors
M&M
Maruti Suzuki India
Volkswagen-Audi
Skoda Auto India
Mercedes-Benz India
Ford India
Honda Siel Cars India
Hyndai Motors India
Toyota Kirloskar Motors
Fiat India
BMW India
Mitsubishi
General Motors India
Volkswagen India
VE-CVs Eicher
2000
Electrotherm
Suzuki Motorcycle India
Yamaha
M&M
Hero Honda Motors
HMSI
TVS Motor Company
Royal Enfield
Bajaj Auto
Piaggio Vehicles
Atul Auto
Scooters India
12
14
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
12
economies of scale.
8 SIAM
9 Kinetic 2W has been acquired by Mahindra & Mahindra recently
13
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Consolidation in Europe
Europe has witnessed some dramatic
car manufacturers
example,
14
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(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Green vehicles
consolidation perspective:
mobility solutions.
overseas.
industry
15
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(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
16
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
17
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
sector.
th
Green revolution
In July 2010, Toyota announced the sale of
its 200,000th Prius1 in Europe, as well as the
tenth anniversary of its launch of the Prius.
Figure 13: Drivers/Critical Success Factors for Green Vehicle Development Globally
1 www.just-auto.com
2 Silicon Valley based investments
3 CNG - Compressed Natural Gas
18
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Figure 14: Key alternative fuel technologies in the future - percent of executives who considered it important
19
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
20
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Note: Assumptions of mileage of 12 km/kg for CNG and 13 km/litre for petrol for a sub 1200 cc engine car, Rates as in Delhi in May 2010
21
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Electric/Hybrid Vehicles
Other Fuels
As in Brazil, where more than 90 percent of
new vehicles sold can run on either ethanol
or gasoline15, India has been exploring the
prospect of reducing its dependence on
crude oil. There are mandatory blending
market multifold.
14
Customer Power:
Fuel economy is the primary driver in the Indian market
Range anxiety for customers of both electric and CNG vehicles
Government/Regulatory Support:
There is no national policy for electric vehicles/CNG vehicles (the state of Delhi has
incentives)
Biofuel/ethanol pricing
Coordination among various government agencies, such as the ministries of petroleum,
forests and environment, agriculture, etc.
Fuelling/Charging Infrastructure:
Low number of CNG pumps (about 560) vs. about 38,000 conventional fuel (petrol/diesel)
pumps as of April 2010
Inadequate number of charging stations and that too limited to select cities
Source: Infraline
12 KPMG Research
13 Yo Bike prices for electric scooters and Honda scooter prices (both in
Mumbai) have been used for comparison
15 Reuters
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
22
engines.
23
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
people.
deliver.
Opportunities for Indian Automotive
Industry in Green Vehicles
Green Vehicle Export Hub
Leverage expertise with small cars
(especially dual fuel cars)
Make significant investments
Research and Development Hub
Extend experience for leading OEMs
and engineering companies to the
area of green technologies
Global alternative energy companies
(for ex., Suzlon) could become new
leaders
Sourcing Hub for Parts for Green
Vehicles
Source:
24
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Mobility revolution
Globally, OEMs recognize the potential of
other modes of transport to complement
Source:Study on Traffic and Transportation Policies and Strategies in Urban areas in India, May 2008, WSA,
Ministry of Urban Development
The alternate mobility revolution is just taking off in India. As shown below (Figure 20),
there are several alternatives to private transportation/personal mobility that need to be
closely monitored by industry players to identify opportunities and risks.
25
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
services.
Mumbai.
dominate.
26
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
7.8%
30.0
20.0
2.7%
8.4%
29.1%
10.0
4W
population (lakh)
2W
population (lakh)
2005-06
Population (Mn)
2007-08
Schemes.
27
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(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
28
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Conclusion
29
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
where appropriate
distribution networks
Policy Makers
India has no duty benefits for even
hybrid cars, which need to be imported
due to low volumes. If Indias
automobile industry wants to play a role
in the global arena for alternative fuelbased vehicles, such limiting measures
need to be reexamined and an
appropriate redesign of the framework
needs to be enacted immediately
While global companies are pursuing
vehicles
Industry Participants
The market for greener vehicles opens
up a whole new world of possibilities
for Indian companies, even outside the
foray
30
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(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
KPMG is a global network of professional firms providing Audit, Tax and Advisory services.
We operate in 146 countries and have 140,000 people working in member firms around the
world. The independent member firms of the KPMG network are affiliated with KPMG
International Cooperative (KPMG International), a Swiss entity. Each KPMG firm is a
legally distinct and separate entity and describes itself as such.
KPMG in India, the audit, tax and advisory firm, is the Indian member firm of KPMG
International Cooperative (KPMG International.) was established in September 1993. As
members of a cohesive business unit they respond to a client service environment by
leveraging the resources of a global network of firms, providing detailed knowledge of local
laws, regulations, markets and competition. We provide services to over 2,000 international
and national clients, in India. KPMG has offices in India in Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore,
Chennai, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Pune and Kochi. The firms in India have access to more than
3000 Indian and expatriate professionals, many of whom are internationally trained. We
strive to provide rapid, performance-based, industry-focused and technology-enabled
services, which reflect a shared knowledge of global and local industries and our experience
of the Indian business environment.
31
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Acknowledgements
We would sincerely like to acknowledge and thank the following industry leaders for providing their valuable views
for this report
Arun Pratap Singh, Senior Vice President Electric Vehicle, Electrotherm (India) Ltd.
Ashok Taneja, Managing Director, Shriram Pistons & Rings Ltd
John Flintham, Global CEO, Amtek Auto Limited
K Sridharan, Chief Financial Officer, Ashok Leyland Limited
Marc Llistosella, Managing Director and CEO, Daimler India Commercial Vehicles Pvt. Ltd.
Michael Boneham, Managing Director, Ford India
S Ravi Kumar, Senior Vice President Business Development and Assurance, Bajaj Auto Limited
Sunil Rekhi, Deputy Chief Financial Officer, Nissan Motors India Pvt Ltd and Renault Nissan Automotive Pvt Ltd
This report would also not have been possible without the commitment and contribution of certain individuals
within KPMG.
Yezdi Nagporewalla
Head - Automotive
ynagporewalla@kpmg.com
Ashwin Jacob
Associate Director - Business Performance Services
atjacob@kpmg.com
Sonica Bajaj
Associate Director - Markets
sbajaj@kpmg.com
D Dharmendra
Manager - Business Performance Services
ddharmendra@kpmg.com
2010 KPMG, an Indian Partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative
(KPMG International), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
kpmg.com/in
Key Contacts
KPMG in India
Bangalore
Maruthi Info-Tech Centre
11-12/1, Inner Ring Road
Koramangala, Bangalore 560 071
Tel: +91 80 3980 6000
Fax: +91 80 3980 6999
Kochi
4/F, Palal Towers
M. G. Road, Ravipuram,
Kochi 682 016
Tel: +91 484 302 7000
Fax: +91 484 302 7001
Chandigarh
SCO 22-23 (Ist Floor)
Sector 8C, Madhya Marg
Chandigarh 160 009
Tel: +91 172 393 5777/781
Fax: +91 172 393 5780
Kolkata
Infinity Benchmark, Plot No. G-1
10th Floor, Block EP & GP, Sector V
Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 091
Tel: +91 33 44034000
Fax: +91 33 44034199
Chennai
No.10, Mahatma Gandhi Road
Nungambakkam
Chennai 600 034
Tel: +91 44 3914 5000
Fax: +91 44 3914 5999
Mumbai
Lodha Excelus, Apollo Mills
N. M. Joshi Marg
Mahalaxmi, Mumbai 400 011
Tel: +91 22 3989 6000
Fax: +91 22 3983 6000
Delhi
Building No.10, 8th Floor
DLF Cyber City, Phase II
Gurgaon, Haryana 122 002
Tel: +91 124 307 4000
Fax: +91 124 254 9101
Pune
703, Godrej Castlemaine
Bund Garden
Pune 411 001
Tel: +91 20 3058 5764/65
Fax: +91 20 3058 5775
Dieter Becker
Managing Partner and
Global Head Automotive
+49 711 9060-41720
dieterbecker@kpmg.com
Yezdi Nagporewalla
Head Automotive
+91 22 3090 2488
ynagporewalla@kpmg.com
Sonica Bajaj
Associate Director - Markets
+91 22 3091 3257
sbajaj@kpmg.com
Hyderabad
8-2-618/2
Reliance Humsafar, 4th Floor
Road No.11, Banjara Hills
Hyderabad 500 034
Tel: +91 40 3046 5000
Fax: +91 40 3046 5299
The information contained herein is of a general nature and is not intended to address the circumstances of
any particular individual or entity. Although we endeavour to provide accurate and timely information, there
can be no guarantee that such information is accurate as of the date it is received or that it will continue to
be accurate in the future. No one should act on such information without appropriate professional advice
after a thorough examination of the particular situation.