Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AutoCad 2000
AutoCad 2000
AutoCad 2000
"
NGUYEN TRUNG HOA
2005
LI NI U
hng ta bit rng bn v k thut l mt phng tin thng tin k thut, l cng c
ch yu ca ngi cn b k thut nhm din t thit k v ng thi cng l ti
liu k thut c bn dng ch o sn xut v thi cng. V vy bn v k thut tr
thnh ting ni ca ngi cn b k thut .
Ngy xa bn v k thut c thnh lp bng tay v v trn giy, sn phm to thnh t
chnh xc, chm, nng sut khng cao, di chuyn cng knh - phc tp.
Ngy nay do cng ngh thng tin pht trin mt cch v bo, nhiu phn mm ng dng tin
hc ra i nhm phc v cho cng tc nghin cu khoa hc v i sng; trong c phn
mm thit k AUTOCAD ca hng AutoDESK l phn mm m cc bn v to ra trn my vi
tnh c chnh xc rt cao, nn c nhiu ngi lm cng tc k thut s dng nhiu nht
trong cc phn mm thit k vi s tr gip ca my vi tnh. Thc t nc ta trong nhiu
nm tr li y do nhu cu thit k t ng, i hi nhanh v chnh xc, nhm hi nhp vi xu
th ng dng tin hc pht trin cng ngh ca th gii, c bit l hi nhp vi cc nc
thuc khu vc vnh ai Chu - Thi Bnh Dng; l hnh trang khng th thi c i vi
cc bn sinh vin k thut, c bit l cc ngnh C kh, Xy dng, Kin trc, in, Bn ...
Mn hc AUTOCAD (hay mn hc V k thut trn my tnh) tr thnh mn hc chnh kho
ca cc trng i hc K thut, trng Cao ng K thut; hn na phng php v v thit
k vi s tr gip ca my vi tnh rt chnh xc lm c s cho cc phn mm ng dng cng
ngh cao nh phn mm CAD v CAD / CAM ...
Vi nhu cu cp thit nh nu trn. Ti liu AUTOCAD 2000 ny c bin son nhm
phc v cho vic tham kho ging dy v hc tp mn hc AUTOCAD (hay mn hc V k
thut trn my vi tnh) cho i tng sinh vin trng i hc Bch khoa, trng Cao ng
Cng ngh thuc i hc Nng. Ti liu c bin son gm 18 chng. Ni dung trnh
by ngn gn, y , r rng, d hiu .
Ti liu ny vit cho cc i tng t trnh mi bt u hc AUTOCAD v cng l ti liu
tham kho cho cc bn Sinh vin, K s, Kin trc s, ho vin v cc cn b K thut lm
cng tc v v thit k trn my vi tnh.
V trnh c hn nn ti liu khng th trnh khi thiu st.
Chng ti xin chn thnh cm n nhng kin qu bu ng gp xy dng.
Tc gi
NGUYN
2005
M U
Chng 1
1.1 GI THIU AUTOCAD2000
AutoCAD 2000.lnk
a)
b)
Hnh 1.1
Hnh 1.2
- WCSicon
- Status bar
2005
Tn file
Cursor
(Con chy)
Menu bar
(Thanh ngang danh mc)
Cross- hairs
(Hai si tc)
DRAWING AREA
(vng v)
WCSicon
(Biu tng h toa )
Cursor coordinates Command window
Status bar
(To con chy)
(Thanh
trng thi)
(Ca s lnh)
Hnh 1.3
- Pull-dawn menu Danh mc ko xung, khi ta chn mt tiu s xut hin mt danh sch
lnh ko xung, y ta c th chn lnh cn thc hin (hnh 1.4).
- Screen menu
2005
Standard Toolbar
(Thanh cng cu chun)
Object Properties Toolbar
Draw
(Thanh v)
Screen Menu
Modify
(Thanh hiu chnh)
Scrollbars
(Thanh cun)
Pull-down menu
(Danhmc ko xung)
- Toolbar
- Scroll bar
Hnh 1.4
Thanh cng c. Trong AutoCAD2000 c 24 thanh cng c, mc nh c 4
thanh cng c Draw, Modify, Object Properties, Standard Toolbar.v.v...
Thanh cun gm c: thanh bn phi thng ng ko mn hnh ln xung;
thanh ngang pha di vng ho dng ko mn hnh ho t tri
sang phi hoc ngc li (Hnh1. 4). Mun xut hin Scroll bar ta gi nh
sau : Tools\Option..., chn Tab Display ri chn nt Display Scroll bars
in drawing window.
G lnh
Pull- down
Screen menu
Toolbar
Shortcut menu
G lnh t bn phm
Gi lnh t danh mc ko xung
Gi lnh t danh mc mn hnh bn phi
Gi lnh t cc biu tng ca thanh cng c
Gi mt s lnh t danh mc tt (xem hnh 1.8)
F1
F2
F3 hoc Ctrl+F
F5 hoc Ctrl+E
2005
- Nt tri ca chut Dng chn im, chn i tng trn mn hnh hoc nhp lnh t
Screen Menu, Pull-down menu
- Nt phi chut
Xut hin danh mc tt Short menu (mc nh) hoc gi li lnh va thc
hin trc .
- ENTER, Spacebar Kt thc lnh, kt thc vic nhp d liu.
- Esc
Hu b mt lnh ang thc hin.
Ctrl + C
Ctrl + J
Ctrl + N
Ctrl + O
Ctrl + P
Ctrl + S
Ctrl + V
Ctrl + X
Ctrl + Z
Ctrl + Y
- Ctrl + \
- Ctrl + 1
- Ctrl + 2
Screen menu
VIEW2 \ Toolbar
G lnh
Toolbar, To
Trong AutoCAD2000 c 24 toolbars. Sau khi gi lnh s xut hin hp thoi Toolbars (hnh1.5).
lm xut hin cc thanh cng c trn mn hnh.
- nh du chn vo vung trc tn ca thanh cng c t ca s ca danh sch
Toolbars.
Hnh 1.5
Hnh1.6
lm xut hin ToolTips (dng thng bo khi tr chut vo biu tng) ta chn nt Show
ToolTips gc phi pha di ca hp thoi (Hnh 1.5).
cho cc biu tng trn mn hnh AutoCAD ln ln ta nhp vo nt Large buttons
(Hnh 1.5).
2005
Ngoi ra, khi nhp nt phi chut vo mt biu tng bt k th s xut hin Shortcut Menu
(hnh 1.6). T Shortcut menu ny hin th hoc ng thanh cng c no trn mn hnh ta
chn tn ca thanh cng c .
a cc biu tng ra mn hnh. T (hnh 1.5) ta:
- Nhp nt Custumize... s xut hin hp thoi Custumize Toolbars (Hnh 1.7)
- Chn tn ca thanh cng c nm trong danh sch ca s Categories s xut hin bng cha
cc biu tng ca thanh cng c .
- a biu tng no ra ngoi mn hnh ta dng nt tri ca chut chn biu tng ng
thi gi v r biu tng n mt v tr no trn mn hnh m ta cn t biu tng ri th
chut.
- ng hp thoi, ta nhp nt Close.
Hnh1.7
a) Default
b) Edit
d) Hot Grips
c) Object Snap
e) OLE
f) Command
- OLE
- Command
2005
Kt thc lnh ang thc hin v nhp nt phi chut s xut hin Shortcut
menu Default, trong danh sch ny ta chn cc tu chn cn thit .
Ti dng nhc Command: ta chn mt hoc nhiu i tng cn hiu
chnh ri nhp nt phi chut s xut hin Shortcut menu Edit, trong
danh sch ny ta chn cc tu chn cn thit hiu chnh .
Nhn phm Shift ng thi nhp nt phi chut s xut hin danh mc tt
Object Snap, trong danh mc ny cha cc phng thc truy bt im
tm tr v phng thc lc im (Point Filter) .
Ti dng nhc Command: ta chn i tng cn hiu chnh s xut hin
cc GRIPS mu xanh, tip tc chn mt trong cc GRIPS mu xanh
s xut hin Hot Grips mu ; ri nhp nt phi chut s xut hin
Shortcut menu trong danh sch ny ta chn cc tu chn cn hiu chnh
bng GRIPS
Nhp nt phi chut trn i tng OLE s xut hin cc la chn hiu
chnh OLE
Khi ang thc hin lnh ta nhp nt phi chut s xut hin. Shortcut
menu, trong danh mc ny ta chn cc tu chn cn thit .
Chng 2
2005
CC LNH THNH LP BN V
2.1 TO GII HN BN V
Khi biu din mt i tng no trn bn v, ta phi to gii hn c kch thc ln hn i
tng . Trong AutoCAD2000 c ba lnh to gii hn bn v : lnh New, lnh Limits v lnh
Mvsetup.
2.1.1 TO GII HN BN V (lnh NEW)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu
File \ New. . .
Screen Menu
File\ New
G lnh
New hoc Ctrl + N
Toolbar
Standard
Khi gi lnh New s xut hin hp thoi Create New Drawing (Hnh 2.1), trong hp thoi ny
c 4 tab t nm ngang theo th t:
1. Tab1 Open Drawing:
Dng m cc bn v mu to sn.
Hnh 2.1
Ch
- Nu bin FILEDIA = 0 th khng hin th hp thoi m hin th cc dng nhc lnh khi s dng cc
lnh trn danh mc File nh (lnh New; Open; Save; Export) ; (hnh 2.1)
- xut hin hp thoi Startup (hoc hp thoi Create New Drawing) khi thc hin lnh New ta :
+ nh du chn nt Show Startup dialog trn tab System ca hp thoi Options. Lnh Option gi
nh sau : (Tool \ Options...hoc OP)
+ Hoc gn bin FILEDIA = 1
2005
- Gi lnh New
- Chn tab2 Start From Scratch
- Chn n v v l Metric
- Nhp OK
(Nu chn English th kch thc gii hn bn v mc nhin l (12, 9) v n v theo h Anh).
Bng 2.1 : Cc lnh, gi tr cc bin lin quan trong bn v kh A3 h Metric
Lnh lin quan
Units
Limits
Snap
Grid
LTSCALE (Global scale factor)
DIMSCALE
(Overall Scale)
Text, Dtext, Mtext
(Height)
Hatch, Bhatch
(Scale)
M t lnh
n v
Gii hn bn v
Bc nhy con tr
Mt li
T l dng ng
T l kch thc
Chiu cao vn bn
T l mt ct
b) TO GII HN BN V KHC KH A3
Gi s to gii hn bn v kh A1 (841, 594) ta
thc hin nh sau:
- Gi lnh New
- Chn tab2 Start from Scratch
- Chn n v Metric (mm)
- Chn tab4 Use a Wizard (Hnh 2.2).
- Chn Quick Setup (thit lp nhanh)
- Nhp OK s xut hin hp thoi Quick Setup
(Hnh 2.3)
- Chn n v o Decimal.
- Nhp nt Next > s xut hin trang mi ca hp
thoi Quick Setup (Hnh 2.4).
- Nhp vo Width = 841 th hin chiu ngang
ca gii hn
- Nhp vo Length = 594 th hin chiu ng ca gii hn
- Nhp nt Finish kt thc .
Hnh 2.3
GVC ThS. Nguyn
Gi tr mc nh
2 (Decimal)
420,297
10
10
1
1
2.5
1
Hnh 2.2
Hnh 2.4
10
2005
Ch :
Sau khi xc nh gii hn bn v bng lnh New ta hy thc hin lnh Zoom v dng tu chn All
nhn thy ton b gii hn bn v trn mn hnh (Z, A)
Screen Menu
FORMAT\ Limits
G lnh
Limits
Command : Limits
- Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF] < 0,0 >:
- Specify upper right corner <420,297>: 594,420 (Nhp gc phi pha trn ca kh A2)
Ta to xong kch thc gii hn bn v kh A2 (594,420)
CC TU CHN KHC
ON
Khng cho php v ra ngoi vng gii hn bn v nh .
OFF Cho php v ra ngoi vng gii hn bn v nh (ch mc nh).
Sau khi xc nh gii hn bn v bng lnh Lmits ta hy thc hin lnh Zoom v dng tu chn
All (Z, A) nhn thy ton b gii hn bn v trn mn hnh nh sau:
Command : Zoom
- All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale(X/XP)/Window/<Realtime>: A
2.1.3 TO GII HN BN V (lnh Mvsetup)
Lnh Mvsetup dng to gii hn bn v trong khng gian m hnh v khng gian giy. S
dng lnh ny ta c th nh n v, t l, gii hn bn v v v khung hnh ch nht th hin
mp ngoi ca gii hn bn v...
Command : Mvsetup
- Enable paper space? (No/<Yes>): N ; (C dng khng gian giy khng ?)
- Units type (Scientific/Decimal/Engineering/Architectural/Metric): M ; (chn kiu n v)
Metric Scales
=========
(5940, 4200)
Scale factor
Scale
(5000)
1 : 5000
(2000)
1 : 2000
(1000)
1 : 1000
(500)
1 : 500
(200)
1 : 200
(100)
1 : 100
(75)
1 : 75
(0,0)
(50)
1 : 50
(20)
1 : 20
Hnh 2.5
(10)
1 : 10
(5)
1: 5
(1)
FULL
- Enter the scale factor: 10 (Nhp h s t l)
GVC ThS. Nguyn
11
2005
Kh A4
297x210
0.7071
0.7071
1.7677
0.7071
Kh A3
420x297
1
1
2.5
1
Kh A2
594x420
1.4141
1.4141
3.5354
1.4141
Kh A1
841x594
2
2
5
2
Kh A0
1189x841
2.8316
2.8316
7.0791
2.8316
Screen Menu
FORMAT \ Units
G lnh
Units , Ddunits
Hnh 2.6
Hnh 2.7
12
2005
Screen Menu
FILE\ Save
G lnh
Save hoc Ctrl +S
Toolbar
Standard
- Lnh Save dng ghi bn v hin hnh thnh mt tp tin file. Khi gi lnh ny s xut hin
hp thoi Save Drawing As (Hnh 2.7).
- Ta nhp tn file vo son tho File name. Tn file c ti a 256 k t, tn file c th l ch
in hoa, ch thng, cc k t / \ _ - $ # ( ) ^ hoc khong trng c th s dng khi t tn,
cn ch n th mc ta ghi tn file. Ta c th ghi bn v AutoCAD2000 theo file DXF,
R14, R13, R12 hoc .DWT.
- Sau nhp nt Save.
2.3.2 GHI BN V T TN THNH TN KHC (lnh Save As)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu
File\ SaveAs. . .
Screen Menu
FILE\ Saveas
G lnh
Saveas
Lnh Saveas dng ghi bn v hin hnh t tn thnh mt tn khc. Sau khi gi lnh s
xut hin hp thoi Save Drawing As nh (Hnh 2.7). Cc bc thc hin nh lnh Save
Ch
Ngoi ra ta cng c th ghi bn v bng lnh Qsave gi t danh mc mn hnh nh sau: FILE\ Qsave s
xut hin hp thoi Save Drawing As nh (Hnh 2.7) ca lnh Save.
Screen Menu
FFILE\ Open
G lnh
Open hoc Ctrl +O
Toolbar
Standard
Lnh Open dng m mt file bn v c sn. Khi s dng lnh ny s xut hin hp thoi
Select File (Hnh 2.8).
Hnh 2.8
Trnh t m mt file ta lm nh sau:
- Gi lnh Open
- Chn tn file (v d Cot thep).
GVC ThS. Nguyn
13
2005
- Nhp nt Open (hoc nhp p nt tri chut vo tn file cn m hoc nhp tn file cn m
vo File name ri nhp nt Open).
Ch
Hoc c th m file bng cch nhp vo nt Find File... s xut hin hp thoi Browse/Search (Hnh 2.9),
trong ca s hp thoi ny hin ln ton b hnh nh ca tt c cc file bn v trong th mc ang tm
kim.
- Chn hnh nh ca bn v cn m
- Nhp nt Open hoc nhp kp nt tri chut vo nh ca bn v .
Hnh 2.9
Hnh 2.10
Trn hp thoi Select File, m tng phn ca bn v theo tng lp khc nhau.
- Ta chn tn file
- Tip theo chn nt Partial Open...s xut hin hp thoi Partial Open (hnh 2.10).
- Trong ca s ca khung Layer geometry to load, ta nh du chn vo bn phi tn ca cc
lp no th lp s c m.
Chn nt Load all s m ht ton b cc lp; chn nt Clear all s khng m lp no c; sau
cng nhp nt Open, [xem thm chng 10 - To lp (Layer)]
Ch
Sau khi to hoc m nhiu bn v. Ta c th m li lm vic vi nhiu file bn v nhc nhau t
danh mc Window trn menu bar (hnh 2.11) bng cch chn tn mt file trn danh mc ny. y cn
c cc tu chn cch sp xp cc file bn v ang m gm:
- Casscade
xp chng cc ca s ln nhau
- Tile Horizontally
xp cc ca s theo phng ngang
- Tile Vertically
xp cc ca s theo phng ng
- Arrange Icon
xp cc biu tng y ca ca s mn hnh (hnh 2.12)
Hnh 2.11
GVC ThS. Nguyn
Hnh 2.12
14
2005
G lnh
Close
Sau khi gi lnh Close xut hin hp thoi AutoCAD (Hnh 2.13) .
Hnh 2.13
CC NT CHN
Yes
Chn nt ny th s lu li cc thay i trn bn v hin hnh ri ng bn v.
No
Chn nt ny th khng lu cc thay i v ng bn v.
Cancel
Chn nt ny th s tr v ca s mn hnh hin hnh trc .
2.6 THOT KHI AUTOCAD2000 (lnh Quit, Exit)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu
File\ Exit
Screen Menu
FILE\ Quit
G lnh
Exit, Quit, Alt + F4
Lnh Quit, Exit dng thot khi AutoCAD. Nu ta cha ghi li nhng g va lm c th khi
thc hin lnh ny s xut hin hp thoi AutoCAD (Hnh 2.13) .
Ta c th thot khi AutoCAD bng cch nhp kp nt tri chut vo biu tng AutoCAD ti
gc tri pha trn ca mn hnh hoc nhp n vo biu tng ny ri chn Close trn danh mc
ko xung (Hnh 2.14).
Hnh 2.14
Hnh 2.15
15
2005
G lnh
Dsettings , Ddrmodes, DS, SE, OS
Sau khi gi lnh Dsettings s xut hin hp thoi Drafting Settings (Hnh 2.15). Trong hp thoi
ny ta chn Tab1 Snap and Grid.
CC NT CHN
Grid On (F7)
M (hoc tt) ch li (Grid) (Hnh 2.16)
Grid X Spacing Khong cch li theo phng X .
Grid Y Spacing Khong cch li theo phng Y .
Snap On (F9)
M (hoc tt) ch Snap xc nh cc gi tr cho bc nhy
con tr theo phng X,Y
Snap X Spacing Khong cch bc nhy con tr theo phng X .
Snap Y Spacing Khong cch bc nhy con tr theo phng Y .
Snap Angle
Xc nh gc nghing ca bc nhy con tr, nu gi tr ny bng 0 th
bc nhy theo phng X, hoc phng Y; gi s gi tr ny l 30 th
bc nhy theo phng hp vi trc X gc 30 (Hnh 2.17).
X,Y base
To im chun ca bc nhy v li .
Hnh 2.16
Snap type & Style
- Grid Snap
- Rectangle snap
- Isometric snap
- Polar osnap
Hnh 2.17
Screen Menu
TOOLS2\ Options
G lnh
Options , op , pr
Khi thc hin lnh Options s xut hin hp thoi Options vi nhiu la chn khc nhau
1. Tab1 Files .
Ch ra ng dn ca cc th mc nh: Support file; drive file; menu file; temporary drawing
file ... (hnh 2.18)
2. Tab2 Display
Qui nh cc bin hin th v mn hnh AutoCAD (Hnh 2.19)
GVC ThS. Nguyn
16
2005
Hnh 2.18
Hnh 2.19
- Fonts... Nhp vo nt ny s xut hin hp thoi Command Line Window Font (Hnh 2.21).
Trong hp thoi ny ta c th thay i font, kiu font, kch thc font ca dng nhc
lnh .
Hnh 2.20
Hnh 2.21
- Crosshair size
nh chiu di hai si tc bng cch di chuyn con chy qua tri hay
qua phi trn thanh trt ngang gc tri pha di ca hp thoi .
- Display resolution
3. Tab3 Open and Save iu khin cc la chn lin quan n vic m (Open) v lu (Save)
cc file bn v AutoCAD. Nhp con s thi gian (pht) vo bn cnh
GVC ThS. Nguyn
17
2005
Hnh 2.22
5. Tab5 System
Hnh 2.23
Hnh 2.24
Hnh 2.25
7. Tab7 Drafting
Ch nh cc la chn lin quan n cng c tr gip:
- Truy bt i tng khi v
GVC ThS. Nguyn
18
2005
Noun/ Verb selection Cho php chn i tng trc khi gi lnh hiu chnh
Applied windowing Cho php dng ca s chn i tng
Object grouping
Cho php nhm cc i tng ring l thnh mt i tng ..... [xem
thm chng 5]
Hnh 2.26
=========================
19
2005
CC LNH V C BN
Chng 3
900
M(100,50)
x
(0,0)
-X
d
+X
180
P cc
x
N(-60, -40) -Y
a)
Hnh 3.1
b)0)
-900 (270
+CCW
00
ng chun
3.1.2 H TO CC
To cc dng xc nh v tr ca mt im M (MP< ) trong mt phng khi bit khong
cch t im M n gc cc P v gc nghing ca MP so vi ng chun qua cc P song
song trc x ca h to hin hnh (Hnh 3.1b). Gc dng l gc quay ngc chiu kim ng
h (+CCW: Counter clockwise); gc m l gc quay cng chiu kim ng h (-CW: clockwise)
so vi trc x ca h to hin hnh
3.1.3 H TO GC V H TO NGI S DNG
1 . H TO GC WCS (World Coordinate System)
H to gc l h to mc nh ca AutoCAD thng thng nhn to O(0, 0) gc tri
pha di ca mn hnh lm gc to , biu tng ca h to gc ch xut hin gc tri
pha di bn v v c km theo ch W (Hnh 3.2a)
2 . H TO NGI S DNG UCS (User Coordinate System)
H to ngi s dng l h to do ngi s dng to bng cch s dng lnh UCS vi tu
chn Origin, biu tng ca h to ngi s dng xut hin v tr gc to mi trong bn
v do ngi dng chn.(Hnh 3.2 b,c) .
Gc mi
a) WCS
Gc mi
c) UCS quay quanh Z gc 300
b) UCS
Hnh 3.2
20
G lnh
UCSicon
Khoa S pham Ky thut
2005
(*)
CC TU CHN (*)
ON/OFF M / tt biu tng h to trn mn hnh.
All
Hin th biu tng h to trn mi khung nhn (Viewports) .
Noorigin Biu tng h to ch xut hin ti gc tri mn hnh
Origin
Biu tng h to lun lun di chuyn theo gc to mi
Screen Menu
TOOL2 \ UCS
G lnh
UCS
Toolbar
UCS
21
2005
2. To tuyt i M(x,y)
Ti dng nhc lnh ta nhp to tuyt i x,y ca im M so vi gc O(0,0) ca h to hin
hnh. (Hnh 3.2)
3. To cc tuyt i - M(d<a)
Ti dng nhc lnh ta nhp to cc tuyt i d< ca im M so vi gc O(0,0) ca h to
hin hnh; trong :
- d = MO :
l khong cch t im M n gc O(0,0) .
- a = (MO,x) : gc to bi MO vi trc x ca h to hin hnh. (Hnh 3.2)
4. To tng i - M(@ x,y)
Ti dng nhc lnh ta nhp to tng i @x,y ca im M so vi to im nhp sau cng
nht (last point) trn bn v.
Du @ : at sign (c : a - cng hoc a - mc) .
5. To cc tng i - M(@d< a)
Ti dng nhc lnh ta nhp (@d< ca im M so vi to im nhp sau cng nht (last
point) trn bn v; trong :
- d l khong cch t im M cn xc nh n im sau cng nht trn bn v.
- l gc to bi trc x hin hnh vi ng thng ni t im M cn xc nh n im sau
cng nht trn bn v (last point).
+ Gc dng (+ CCW) l gc ngc chiu kim ng h
+ Gc m (- CW) l gc cng chiu kim ng h so vi trc x ca h to hin hnh.
6. Nhp khong cch dng trc tip (Direct Distance Entry)
Nhp khong cch dng trc tip tng i so vi im sau cng nht trn bn v (last point),
nh hng bng chiu ca si tc. Khi nhp khong cch trc tip phi m trng thi Polar
Tracking (F10) hoc m Ortho (F8)
7. Polar tracking (Nhp khong cch trc tip theo ng dn hng cc)
S dng Polar tracking nhp trc tip khong cch dng theo ng vector dn hng cc
(ng chm.....) th hin khong cch t im cn xc nh n cc. (Xem chng 4) .
3.3 CC LNH V C BN
Cc lnh v c bn nm trn thanh cng c Draw. Sau y l thanh cng c v (Draw) mc nh
hin th trn mn hnh ca AutoCAD2000 (Hnh 3.3)
XLine
Line
Pline
Multiline
Rectangle
Polygon
Arc
Circle
Ellipse
Spline
Mblock
Insert
Bhatch
Point
Mtext
Region
Hnh 3.3
3.3.1 V ON THNG (lnh Line)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu
Screen Menu
Draw\ Line
DRAW1 \ Line
GVC ThS. Nguyn
22
G lnh
Line , L
Toolbar
Draw
Khoa S pham Ky thut
2005
P5
P6
@0,60
90
P3
(hoc @60<90)
60
@-40,-30
P4
Close
P1
P2
160
Hnh 3.4
Command:Line
- Specify first point: Chn im P1 bt k lm im u.
- Specify next point or [Undo]: @ 160,0 (Hoc nhp khong cch trc tip bng cch a
con tr sang phi, nhp 160) - im P2 .
- Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,60 (Hoc nhp khong cch trc tip bng cch a con
tr ln trn, nhp 60) - im P3.
- Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @-40,30 ; im P4
- Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @-80,0 (Hoc nhp khong cch trc tip bng cch
a con tr sang tri, nhp 80) - im P5.
- Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @-40,-30 ; im P6
- Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: C (hoc @0,-60)
CC TU CHN KHC CA LNH LINE
- Undo
- Close
- Enter
23
2005
Command: L
Specify first point :
Length of line: (Nhp chiu di on thng tip xc vi cung trn) (Hnh 3.5) .
Specify next point or [Undo]: Nhp to ca im k tip hoc g Enter kt thc lnh .
Length of line
Last point
Hnh 3.5
Ch
Trong bn v AutoCAD thng thng ta s dng to tng i (@x,y) so vi im sau cng nht
trn bn v; nu cho gc v di on thng th ta s dng to cc tng i (@d<) Nu v cc
ng thng nm ngang hoc thng ng th ta dng phng php nhp khong cch trc tip
Screen Menu
DRAW1 \ Circle
G lnh
Circle hoc C
Toolbar
Draw
(Ctm)
(CP= ng knh)
Ban knh
P
Hnh 3.6
b) Tm, ng knh
24
2005
P1
P1
P2
R30
R30
Tangent1
Cho
Tangent 2
Tangent 2
Tangent 1
Ch
Khi v ng trn bn knh R tip xc vi hai ng trn (C1) v (C2) cho trc, tu thuc vo v tr
im chn i tng Tangent 1, 2 trn hai ng trn (C1) v (C2) m ta s nhn c ng trn R
cn v tip xc trong hay tip xc ngoi vi hai ng trn cho (Hnh 3-10 a, b, c)
1
(C2)
(C1)
(C2)
(C1)
(C2)
(C1)
a) R tip xc ngoi
b) R tip xc trong
Hnh 3.10
25
2005
Thc cht ca lnh ny l v ng trn i qua 3 im (3P) tip xc vi 3 i tng cho trc
m ta phi chn lm 3 ng tip tuyn Tangent 1, 2, 3. Cch gi lnh nh sau:
- Draw \ Circle> Tan, Tan, Tan hoc
- DRAW1\ Circle\ Tan Tan Tan.gi t Screen menu
V d :
Hy v ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC.(Hnh 3.11)
A
Tangent 3
Tangent 1
C
Tangent 2
Hnh 3.11
Screen Menu
DRAW1 \ Arc
G lnh
Arc hoc A
Toolbar
Draw
Lnh Arc dng v cung trn. C 11 cch khc nhau v cung trn. Khi gi lnh Arc nn gi
t Pull-down menu (Hnh 3-12) hoc t Screen menu (Hnh 3.13) rt ngn thi gian g cc
tu chn. Tuy nhin y ta trnh by thm cch nhp t bn phm .
2005
S1
C2
E3
P1
P3
27
2005
(4)
E2
@-80,80
S1
E2
S1
Hnh 3.18
Hnh 3.19
E2 @80,0
C1
S2 @50,0
2005
C1
Angle -900
L3
C1
S2 @40,0
Length of chord
29
2005
ArcCont
S1
E2
Line va ve
Last Point
S1
Last Point
V d 2:
Hy thc hin hnh v (Hnh 3.25)
P3
P4
P5
Hnh 3-25
I
P6
P1
P2
Command: A
- Specify first point: Chn im P1 bt k
- Specify next point or [Undo]: @100,0 (Hoc nhp khong cch trc tip bng cch a con
tr sang phi ri nhp 100 ) ; P2
- Specify next point or [Undo]:
Command: A
- Specify start point of arc or [CEnter]:
- Specify end point of arc: @ 0,100 (c th nhp to trc tip 100) ; P3
Command: A
- Specify first point :
- Length of line : 100 ;
(Nhp chiu di trc tip 100); P4
- Specify next point or [Undo]:@ -50,-30; P5
- Specify next point or [Undo]:@ 0,-20 (c th nhp to trc tip 20); P6
- Specify next point or [Close/ Undo]:
Command: A
- Specify start point of arc or [CEnter] : @ (Bt im sau cng lm im u); (@ @0,0)
- Specify second point of arc or [CEnter/ ENd]: C
- Specify center point of arc : @0,-50 ; cho tm O cung trn
- Specify end point of arc or [Angle/ chord Length]: A
- Specify Included angle: -90
Command: A
- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: @150,50 ; cho tm I
- Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: 20
3.3.4 V IM (lnh Point)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
GVC ThS. Nguyn
30
2005
Screen Menu
DRAW2\ Point
G lnh
Point , Po
Toolbar
Draw
G lnh
Ddptype
S dng lnh Ddptype (Dynamic dialog point type) s xut hin hp thoi Point style
(Hnh 3-26a), trn hp thoi ny ta chn kiu im v nh kch thc kiu im Point Size
ri nh du chn vo :
- Set size Relative to Screen. nh kch thc tng i ca kiu im so vi mn hnh; hoc
- Set size in Absolute Units . nh kch thc tuyt i ca kiu im .
+
+
Hnh 3.26
Hnh 3.26b
Screen Menu
Draw\Pline
G lnh
Pline, Pl
Toolbar
Draw
31
2005
Command: Pl
Specify start point:
(Chn A1 lm im bt u)
Current line-width is 0.0000
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: w
Specify starting width <0.0000>: 4 (Nhp chiu rng t im bt u on thng)
Specify ending width <4.0000>: (Nhp chiu rng im kt thc on thng)
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @60,0 (A2)
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:
P4
P3
Starting width
A2
Close
A1
P1
P2
a) Tu chn Close
Ending width
b) Tu chn Width
Hnh 3-27
- Length
- Undo
P3
Length
Length
Start point
P1
P2
P3
Start point - P1
a)
b)
Hnh 3-28
3.3.5.2 CH V CUNG TRN
ang v ch ng thng ; Nu nhp A ti dng nhc, s chuyn sang ch v cung trn
tip xc vi phn on thng ti im sau cng.
Command: Pl
Specify start point: Nhp to im bt u ca Pline
Current line- width is 0.0000 (Chiu rng hin hnh ca ng Pline l 0)
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Haflwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: A
Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/Close/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second
pt/Undo/Width]:
(7)
XT MT VI TU CHN CA (7)
Width, Undo Tng t nh ch v on thng.
GVC ThS. Nguyn
32
Center
2005
P2@50,0
P3
P4@40,0
Hnh 3.29
Radius
33
2005
P7
P6
P8
P3
P2 P4
P1
P5
Hnh 3-30
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Haflwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: A
Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/Close/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/ Second
pt/Undo/Width]: @0,50 ; cho P6
Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/CEnter/Close/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/ Second
pt/Undo/Width]: L
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Haflwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @-50,0 ; cho P7
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Haflwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @-30,-25 ; cho P8
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Haflwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: C ; (ng v P1)
Screen Menu
MODIFY1 \ Pedit
G lnh
Pedit, PE
Toolbar
Modify2
Lnh Pedit (Polyline edit) dng hiu chnh a tuyn. y ch kho st hiu chnh cc hnh
2D
Command: Pe
- Select polyline: Chn a tuyn cn hiu chnh .
- Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: Nhp
mt tu chn .
(8)
CC TU CHN
Close (Open) ng a tuyn ang h hoc m a tuyn ang ng .(Hnh 3.31)
Close
34
2005
Command: Pe
- Select polyline: Chn on thng cn hiu chnh; (hnh 3.32a)
Object selected is not a polyline
- Do you want to turn it into one? <Y>
- Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype
gen/Undo]: J
- Select objects: Chn cc phn on Line v Arc ni thnh Polyline
- Select objects:
; (Kt thc chn)
5 segments added to polyline; (Hnh 3.32)
- Enter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype
gen/Undo]:
Width
Hnh 3.33
Chuyn a tuyn Polyline thnh mt ng cong l tp hp cc cung trn, cc
cung trn ny tip xc nhau v i qua cc nh ca a tuyn (Hnh 3.34)
Fit
Spline
a) Pline vi Splinetype = 5
Decurve
b) Spline vi Splinetype = 6
Hnh 3.35
Chuyn cc phn on l cc cung trn ca a tuyn thnh cc phn on l cc
on thng (Hnh 3.36) .
35
2005
Giao la ung
b) Ltype gen ON
Hnh 3.37
Screen Menu
Draw\Polygon:
G lnh
Polygon hoc Pol
Toolbar
Draw
Command: Pol
Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s cnh a gic (Hnh 3-44a l 5 cnh)
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nhp to tm ca a gic.
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] < I >: C
Specify radius of circle: Nhp gi tr bn knh ng trn ni tip .
Command: Pol
Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s cnh a gic (Hnh 3-44b l 5 cnh)
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nhp to tm ca a gic.
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle]< I >: I
Specify radius of circle: Nhp bn knh ca ng trn ngoi tip .
36
2005
Command: Pol
Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s cnh a gic (Hnh 3-38c l 5 cnh)
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: E
Specify first endpoint of edge: Nhp to im u mt cnh (P1) .
Specify second endpoint of edge: Nhp to im cui ca cnh (P2)
Center
Center
P1
P2
c) Edge (cnh)
Hnh 3-38
3.3.7 V HNH CH NHT (lnh Rectang)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu
Draw\ Rectangle
Screen Menu
DRAW1\ Rectang:
G lnh
Rectang , Rec
Toolbar
Draw
Fillet
Cho php bo trn cc nh ca hnh ch nht (Hnh 3-39c)
Command: Rec
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness / Width]: F
Specify fillet radius for rectangles < 20 >: 30 ; (bn knh bo trn)
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Chn im P1 lm
nh th nht.
- Specify other corner point: @120,-100 ; (im P2) .
GVC ThS. Nguyn
37
2005
Width
Cho php nh chiu rng nt v(Hnh 3-45d)
Command: Rec
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness / Width] : W
Specify line width for rectangles <0.000>: 3 (chiu rng nt v)
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness / Width] : Chn im P1
lm nh th nht.
- Specify other corner point: @120,-100 ; (im P2) .
Elevation / Thickness nh chiu cao v dy khi to vt th 3D.
120
P1
25
100
20
P1
P1
a)
c)
P2
P1
P2
b)
P2
Hnh 3.39
P2
d)
Screen Menu
DRAW1 \ Spline
G lnh
Spline, Spl
Toolbar
Draw
Lnh Spline dng v ng cong i qua cc im chn, .... Khi s dng lnh Spline ta phi
xc nh cc im m Spline s i qua; (Hnh 3.40; 3.41a) .
Hnh 3.40
Command: Spl
Specify first point or [Object] : Chn im th nht ca ng Spline (im P1) .
Specify next point: Chn im tip theo ca ng Spline (im P2) .
Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance]<Start tangent>: Chn im tip theo ca ng
Spline (im P3) .
- Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance]<Start tangent>: Chn im tip theo ca ng
Spline (im P4) .
- Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance]<Start tangent>: Chn im tip theo ca ng
Spline hoc nhn Enter kt thc .
- Specify start tangent: Chn hng tip tuyn ti im u hoc nhn Enter chn mc nh
.
GVC ThS. Nguyn
38
2005
- Specify end tangent: Chn hng tip tuyn ti im cui hoc nhn Enter chn mc nh
.(Hnh 3.41b)
P2
P4
P3
P2
P1
P3
P1
a)
Close
P4
c)
P4
p4
P2
P3
P1
b)
P2
P5
P3
P1
d)
Hnh 3.41
CC TU CHN
Object
Nhm chuyn ng Pline Spline thnh ng Spline.(ng Pline Spline l
ng c v bng lnh Pline vi tu chn Spline)
Command: Spl
- Specify first point or [Object]: O
- Select objects to convert to splines (Chn Pline Spline chuyn thnh
Spline).
- Select objects: Chn ng Pline spline .
- Select objects : Chn tip pline spline hoc nhn Enter kt thc .
Close
Screen Menu
DRAW1 \ Ellipse
G lnh
Ellipse, El
Toolbar
Draw
39
2005
E3
E2@120,0
E1
E1
a) Mt trc v bn trc cn li
b) Tm v hai bn trc
Hnh 3.42
2) V ELIP - Nhp to tm , im cui mt u trc v bn trc cn la
Command: El
- Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/ Center]: Ce
- Specify center of ellipse: Nhp to tm C ca ellipse ; (Hnh 3.42b)
- Specify endpoint of axis: @50,0 ; (Nhp to im cui ca 1 trc); E1
- Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: Nhp khong cch na trc cn li; E2
3) V CUNG ELIP
Tu chn Arc ca ellpse cho php v cung elp. Cung Elip c v ngc chiu kim ng h
Command: El
- Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: A
- Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: Nhp to im cui th nht E1 ca
trc (Hnh 3.43)
- Specify other endpoint of axis: @-100,0 ; (Nhp to im cui th hai ca trc ); E2
- Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 35 ; (Nhp khong cch na trc cn li); E3
- Specify start angle or [Parameter]: 30 (Nhp gi tr gc bt u ca cung Ellipse). y l
gc gia trc va nh (E2E1) vi ng thng ni t tm n im u cung .
- Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]: 180 - Nhp gi tr gc cui ca cung
Ellipse. y l gc gia trc va nh (E2E1) vi ng thng ni t tm n im cui
cung. Gc dng l gc ngc chiu kim ng h.
Start angle
E3
300
End angle
E1
E2 @-100,0
End angle
E2@100,0
E1
E3
Start angle
Hnh 3.43
3.3.10 CHIA U I TNG THNH CC ON BNG NHAU (lnh Divide)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu
Screen Menu
G lnh
Toolbar
Draw\Point>\ Divide
DRAW2 \ Divide Divide hoc Div
Lnh Divide dng chia u i tng (Line, Arc, Circle, Pline, Spline) thnh cc on c
chiu di bng nhau. Ti cc im chia ca i tng s xut hin mt kiu im. i tng
c chia vn gi nguyn tnh cht l nt i tng.
GVC ThS. Nguyn
40
2005
Command: Div
- Select object to divide: Chn i tng cn chia .
- Enter the number of segments or [Block]: 5 (Nhp s on cn chia) ; (Hnh 3.44)
Screen Menu
Draw2 \ Measure
G lnh
Measure hoc Me
Toolbar
Draw
Lnh Measure dng chia i tng thnh cc on c chiu di bng nhau cho trc. Ti cc
im chia ca i tng s xut hin mt im .i tng c chia vn gi nguyn tnh cht l
nt i tng.
Command: Me
- Select object to measure : Chn i tng cn chia .
- Specify length of segments or [Block]: Nhp chiu di mi on ; (Hnh 3.45)
3.3.12 V ON THNG C CHIU RNG NT (lnh Trace)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
G lnh
Toolbar
Trace
Miscellaneous
Lnh Trace dng v cc phn on thng c chiu rng nt. Lnh ny khng c tu chn
Command: Trace
Specify trace width <0.0000>: 4 (Nhp chiu rng nt 4 mm)
Specify start point:
(Nhp to im u) P1
Specify next point: @100,0 (Nhp to im tip theo) P2
Specify next point: @0,50 (Nhp to im tip theo) P3 P1
Specify next point: (hnh 3.46)
P3
Hnh 3.46
P2
Screen Menu
DRAW1\ Donut
41
G lnh
Donut, Do
Toolbar
Draw
2005
Lnh Donut dng v hnh vnh khn, ging nh ng trn c chiu rng nt. Thng dng
lnh ny cc ng trn t m biu din mt ct ngang ca thanh thp khi ng knh trong
bng 0. (Hnh 3.47).
Command: Do
- Specify inside diameter of donut <0.5000>: Nhp gi tr ng knh trong .
- Specify outside diameter of donut <1.0000>: Nhp gi tr ng knh ngoi .
- Specify center of donut or <exit>: Xc nh to tm ca Donut .
- Specify center of donut or <exit>:
Hnh Donut c t en (Hnh3.47a), hoc khng t en (Hnh3.47b) tu thuc vo trng thi
ON hoc OFF ca lnh Fill .
Command: Fill
- Enter mode [ON/OFF] <ON>: G On hoc Off
a) FILL - ON
b) FILL - OFF
Hnh 3.47
========================
42
2005
Screen Menu
Nhp vo hng
G lnh
Toolbar
Nhp 3 ch ci u tin ca phng Object Snap
thc truy bt im nh: (END, MID...)
Cc phng thc truy bt im i tng (Object snap) dng truy bt nhanh cc im thuc
i tng nh : bt im cui, im gia, tm im, giao im, gc phn t, .... Khi chn cc
im cn truy bt thuc i tng th AutoCAD s t ng tnh to im v gn cho im
cn nhp.
1) Shortcut menu
2) Nhp vo hng 4 sao
3) Thanh cng c Object Snap
Hnh 4.1
CCH GI PHNG THC TRUY BT IM TM TR NH SAU:
1) Nhn phm Shift v ng thi nhp nt phi chut s xut hin danh mc tt gi l Shortcut
menu; trn danh mc ny cha danh sch cc phng thc bt im (hnh 4.1)
2) T danh mc mn hnh Screen menu nhp chn hng s xut hin danh sch cha cc
phng thc bt im (hnh 4.1)
3) Nhp 3 ch ci u tin ca phng thc truy bt im cn bt nh: (END, MID...)
GVC ThS. Nguyn
43
2005
4) Nhp phi chut vo mt biu tng bt k s xut hin mt danh mc tt (Shortcut menu),
chn ch Object Snap s xut hin thanh cng c bt im tm tr Object Snap (hnh 4.2)
TempoaryTracking End Intersec... Extent
point
From
Mid
AppInter...
Quadrant
Per...
Center Tangent
Hnh 4.2.
Insert
Parallel
Node
None
1. ENDpoint, End,
: Bt im cui
Dng truy bt im cui ca Line, Spline, Arc, phn on ca Pline, Mline. Sau khi nhp
phng thc bt im, hy a vung truy bt n chm i tng gn im cui cn truy bt
ri nhp nt tri chut AutoCAD2000 truy bt im cui (Hnh 4.3)
V tr END
V tr END
Hnh 4.3
2. MIDpoint, Mid,
: Bt im gia
Dng truy bt im gia ca Line, Spline, Arc. Sau khi nhp phng thc bt im hy a
vung truy bt n chm mt im bt k trn i tng ri nhp nt tri chut (hnh 4.4).
V tr MID
V tr MID
Hnh 4.4
2. INTersection, Int,
: Bt giao im
Dng truy bt giao im ca hai i tng. Mun truy bt giao im th sau khi nhp phng
thc bt im ta phi a vung truy bt n cha giao im s xut hin mt du nhn (X) ri
nhp nt tri chut chn (Hnh 4.5)
V tr INTersection
Hnh 4.5
V tr INTersection
Ch
Ta c th truy bt giao im ca hai i tng khi ko di mi giao nhau (hnh 4.6). Sau khi
nhp phng thc bt im ta phi chn ln lt hai i tng.
V tr INTersection
V tr INTersection
Hnh 4.6
GVC ThS. Nguyn
44
2005
V tr INTersection
Hnh 4.7
5. CENter, Cen,
: Bt im tm
Dng truy bt im tm ca ng trn, cung trn, elip. Sau khi nhp phng thc bt im
ta a vung truy bt n chm mt im trn cung ca i tng s xut hin du hiu "vng
trn nh" tm ri nhp nt tri chut chn (Hnh 4.8)
V tr CEN
V tr CEN
V tr CEN
Hmh 4.8
vung truy bt
6. QUAdrant, Qua,
: Bt gc phn t
Truy bt cc im 1/4 (im gc 00, 900, 1800, 2700) ca ng trn, cung trn. Sau khi nhp
phng thc bt im ta a vung truy bt n chm i tng gn im gc phn t cn truy
bt, s xut hin du hiu "hnh thoi" gc t , ri nhp nt tri chut chn (Hnh 4.9).
Hnh 4.9
7. TANgent, Tan,
: Bt tip im
Phng thc ny dng truy bt tip im ca cc i tng tip xc nhau. Sau khi nhp
phng thc bt im ta a vung truy bt n chm mt im trn i tng gn im tip
xc s xut hin mt du hiu "vng trn c gch ngang trn" ri nhp nt tri chut chn
(Hnh 4-10)
Bt TANgent
a)
b)
Hnh 4.10
45
2005
: Bt im vung gc
8. PERpendicular, Per,
Truy bt im vung gc vi i tng, v tr im vung gc c th nm trn ng thng ko
di. Sau khi nhp phng thc bt im, ta a vung truy bt n chm mt im trn i
tng s xut hin mt du hiu "gc vung" trn i tng ri nhp nt tri chut chn
(Hnh 4.11)
Bt im chen
dong vn ban
AUTOCAD 2000
Hnh 4.11
V tr PERpendicular
Hnh 4. 12
9. INSert, Ins,
: Bt im chn vn bn
Dng truy bt im bt u vit dng vn bn text hoc Block. Hy a vung truy bt n
chm mt im bt k ca dng vn bn hoc Block ri nhp nt tri chut (Hnh 4.12).
10. NODe, Nod,
: Bt im (Point, Divide, Measure)
Dng truy bt tm ca mt im khi dng lnh Point, Divide, Measure. Sau khi nhp phng
thc bt im, ta a vung truy bt n cha im cn truy bt s xut hin mt du hiu
"ch X c vng trn gia" ri nhp nt tri chut chn (Hnh 4.13)
Hnh 4.13
Hnh 4.14
P5
Hnh 4.15
P2
P3
P4
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2005
Command: L
- Specify first point: Fro (hoc nhp vo biu tng truy bt From)
+ Base point: End of (truy bt im P1 lm chun).
+ <Offset>: @30,0 (xc nh im P5)
- Specify next point or [Undo]: Fro (hoc nhp vo biu tng truy bt From)
+ Base point: End of (truy bt im P4 lm chun).
+ <Offset>: @-50,0 (xc nh im P3)
- Specify next point or [Undo] :
Command: C
- Specify center point for circle or [3P / 2P / Ttr (tan tan radius) ]: Fro
+ Base point: End of (truy bt im P1 lm chun).
+ < Offset >: @90,-40 (Tm ng trn)
- Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: Tan to (chn ng thng P3P5 lm tip tuyn).
13. Temporary tracking point, tt,
Trong AutoCAD2000 ta c th s dng phng thc Temporary Track point truy bt to
mt im tng i thng qua mt hoc hai im khc lm chun. Tng t phng thc truy
bt From.
14. Parallel, par,
: Bt Song song
Phng thc truy bt im ny dng v ng thng song song vi ng thng c trn
bn v
V d 3
Cho ng thng d. Bng phng thc truy bt im parallel hy v ng thng MN= 60 mm
v song song vi ng thng d cho trc (hnh 4.16)
N
d
Parallel
Hnh 4.16
Command: L
- Specify first point: Chn im M tu
- Specify next point or [Undo]: PAR to (Hy a vung truy bt n chm ng thng d s
xut hin du hiu song song (//) trn d ti tm ca hai si tc v ch Parallel di hai si tc;
ri sau ko vung truy bt v v tr song song vi d s xut hin dng Parallel: 38.6343 <
31; lc ny ta nhp 60 ; s cho im N.
- Specify next point or [Undo]:
15. Extention,Ext,
: Ko di i tng
Phng thc truy bt im Extention dng ko di on thng hoc chiu di cung trn. Khi
a vung truy bt n chm im cui ca on thng hoc cung trn cn ko di th s xut
hin du cng (+) v ch Endpoint thng bo cho bit im cui ca i tng c chn
c th ko di. Khi ko di th pha di hai si tc s xut hin ToolTip nh sau: Extention: d <
, lc ny ta nhp khong cch d cn ko di so vi im cui .
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V d 4
Cho hnh ch nht c xc nh bi hai nh P1, P4. Hy s dng phng thc bt im
Extention v ng thng P2P3 c cho nh (hnh 4.17)
P1
P2
Extention: d< 0
P3
P4
Extention: d<180
Hnh 4.17
Command: L
Specify first point: EXT of (a vung truy bt n cha giao im P1 th du (+) s
hin im P1, r si tc sang phi s xut hin ng dn hng chm ...... v dng thng
bo Extention: d< 0 di tc; lc ny ta nhp 20 ; cho P2
Specify next point or [Undo]: EXT of (a vung truy bt n cha giao im P4 th du
(+) s hin ln im P4, r con chy sang tri s xut hin ng dn hng chm ...... v
dng thng bo Extention: d<180; lc ny ta nhp 30 ; cho im P3 (d - l khong cch t
P4 n tm ca hai si tc).
Specify next point or [Undo]:
P2
P5
P7
P3
Hnh 4.18
Command: L
Specify first point: Chn im P1 tu
Specify next point or [Undo]: 100 (Nhp trc tip) ; cho im P2
Specify next point or [Undo]: 180(Nhp trc tip) ; cho im P3
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: C
Command: Divide (hoc Div)
Select object to divide: Chn cnh P1P3 chia
Enter the number of segments or [Block]: 3(nhp s on cn chia)
Command: L
Specify first point: ENDof (truy bt im P2 )
Specify next point or [Undo]: NODof (truy bt im P4 )
Specify next point or [Undo]: PER to (chn cnh P2P3) ; cho im P5
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: NODof (truy bt im P6 )
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: PER to (chn cnh P2P3) ; cho im P7
48
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Hnh 4.19
Command: C
- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Chn im O tu lm tm
- Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <15.0000>: 15
Command: C
- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: CENof (truy bt tm O ca
ng trn f30)
- Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <15.0000>: 30
Command: C
- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:@140,0 ; (Tm I)
- Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <30.0000>: 25
Command: C
- Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: CEN of ; (truy bt tm I ca
ng trn f50)
- Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <25.0000>: 50
Command: L
- Specify first point: TANto (chn ng trn tm O)
- Specify next point or [Undo]: TAN to (chn ng trn tm I)
- Specify next point or [Undo]: (cho tip tuyn pha trn)
v tip tuyn pha di ta thc hin tng t
4.2 PHNG THC TRUY BT IM THNG TR (lnh Osnap, Ddosnap)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu
Shortcut menu
Tools\Drafting settings ... Osnap Setting ...
G lnh
Ds,Os,Se,Ddosnap, dsettings ,F3
Toolbar
Osnap
Lnh Ddosnap cng c gi bng cch nhp phi chut ln nt Osnap hoc Polar, hoc
Otrack trn thanh trng thi ri chn Settings... s xut hin hp thoi Drafting Settings
(Hnh 4.20). Hp thoi ny c ba Tab: Snap and Grid; Polar Tracking; Object Snap
4.2-1 TAB OBJECT SNAP
Trn tab ny cha cc phng thc bt im. m phng thc no ta nh du chn vo cc
hnh ch nht bn tri tn ca cc phng thc truy bt nm trong khung Object Snap modes
CC NT CHN KHC
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Select all
M tt c cc phng thc bt im c trong khung ca s
Clear all
Hu b tt c cc phng thc bt im chn trong khung
Object Snap On (F3)
Tt, m ch bt im thng tr
Object Snap Tracking On (F11) Tt, m ch truy bt im theo Tracking
Hnh 4.20
Hnh 4.21
Ch
a) Khi a vung truy bt chm vi i tng cn truy bt im, ta c th s dng phm Tab
xoay vng (cycle through) v tr im cn truy bt.
b) Ngoi cch chn phng thc truy bt im thng tr hp thoi nh trn; ta cn s dng
lnh: Osmode hoc -Osnap m bt im thng tr trn ca s lnh (Command window)
nh sau:
Command: Osmode (Phng thc bt im thng tr)
- Enter new value for OSMODE <0>: 4287 (Nhp gi tr mi cho Osmode; 16383 tt c)
HOC:
Command: - OSNAP
- Enter list of object snap modes: End, Mid, Cen, Qua (Nhp danh sch ba ch u ca mi
phng thc truy bt im thng tr v chng cch nhau bi du phy)
Command: - OSNAP ; (Thot khi phng thc truy bt im thng tr)
- Enter list of object snap modes: NON
Nt Options...
Khi chn nt Options... gc tri pha di ca hp thoi (hnh 4.20) s xut hin hp thoi
Options (Hnh 4.21)
Trong AutoCAD khi a vung truy bt (Aperture) n chm vi i tng gn im cn truy
bt th s xut hin mt hnh Marker du hiu ring cho tng im truy bt v dng ch Tooltip
m t im cn truy bt .(Hnh 4.22).
Aperture
Marker
Hnh 4.22
Tooltip
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2005
Hnh 4.23
Hnh 4.24
Ch
- Ch Ortho tng ng vi gia gc cc 900, do khng th ng thi m ch Ortho
cng vi Polar Tracking. Khi m ch ny th AutoCAD2000 t ng tt ch kia
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Hnh 4.25
XO GC CC (Delete)
xo gc cc nm trong danh sch nhp, ta chn gc cc ri nhp nt Delete (hnh 4.25)
2) Khung Object Snap Tracking Settings
C cc nt la chn sau:
- Track Orthogonally Only
Ch hin th ng dn hng nm ngang v thng ng (horizontal/vertical) khi xc nh im
c chn
- Track Using All Polar Angle Settings
Cho php con tr chy dc theo tt c ng dn hng cc khi xc nh im c chn .
3) Khung Polar Angle Measurement
C cc nt la chn sau:
- Absolute Gc dn hng cc tuyt i da vo h to s dng hin hnh
- Relative to Last Segment Gc dn hng cc tng i so vi i tng c v
V D NG DNG V TRACKING
V d 1
Cho trc on thng MN. S dng Polar Tracking hy v on thng bt u t im N vi
NP= 60mm v vung gc vi MN, (hnh 4.26)
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Tracking vector
(Vect dn hng)
2005
P
Relative Polar: 50.2654 < 90
ng ang v
N
Endpoint
AutoTrack Tooltip
M
Hnh 4.26
1. M hp thoi Drafting Settings chn tab Polar Tracking, chn nt Relative to Last Segment,
nhp OK
2. M ng thi cc ch POLAR, OSNAP v OTRACK trn thanh trng thi
Command: L
- Specify first point: Truy bt im cui N ca on thng MN
- Specify next point or [Undo]: Di chuyn con chy trn ng thng dn hng qua N vung
gc vi MN s xut hin dng ToolTip di con chy nh sau Relative Polar: 50.2654 < 90 ;
lc ny ta nhp trc tip 60 ; cho im P cn xc nh
- Specify next point or [Undo]: ( kt thc)
V d 2
Cho trc on thng AB. S dng ch Object Snap Tracking hy v on thng AC bt u
t im A tho mn BC= 100mm v hp vi ng nm ngang mt gc 300 ; (hnh 4.27)
A
C
B
Endpoint
Tracking vector
(Vect dn hng)
Hnh 4.27
1) M hp thoi Drafting Settings chn tab Polar Tracking ( danh sch Increment Angle
chn gia gc cc 30 (hoc nhp gc cc mi 30), chn nt Absolute; nhp OK
2) M ng thi cc ch OSNAP, POLAR v OTRACK.trn thanh trng thi
Command: L
- Specify first point: Truy bt im cui A ca on thng AB
- Specify next point or [Undo]: Di chuyn vung truy bt i qua im B s xut hin ToolTip
Endpont, di chuyn con chy trn ng thng dn hng qua B, lc ny xut hin dng
ToolTip di con chy nh sau: Endpont 150.2654 < 30; hy nhp trc tip 100; cho im
C cn xc nh
- Specify next point or [Undo]:
=====================
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P1
P1
a) Pick
b) Auto (Window)
Hnh 5 .1
P2
c) Auto (Crossing)
3.Window (W)
Ti dng nhc Select objects ta nhp W v nhn Enter, sau chn hai
nh i din P1 v P2 xc nh khung ca s. Nhng i tng no
nm hon ton trong khung ca s hnh ch nht s c chn (Hnh 5.1b)
4. Crossing (C)
Ti dng nhc Select objects ta nhp C v nhn Enter, sau chn hai
nh P1 v P2 xc nh khung ca s hnh ch nht. Nhng i tng
no nm trong hoc giao vi khung ca s s c chn (Hnh 5.1c) .
5. WPolygon (WP) Ging nh Window nhng khung ca s
P3
l mt a gic. Nhng i tng no
P4
bn trong ca s s c chn .(hnh 5.2)
Ti dng nhc Select Objects ta nhp WP s xut hin dng
nhc tip sau :
P2
- First polygon point: Nhp nh th nht P1 ca a gic.
Hnh 5.2
- Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: Nhp nh th hai P2 ca a gic P1
- Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: Nhp nh th ba P3, nh h t P4... ca a gic.
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P3
P2
P2
Hnh 5.3
P1
P1
Hnh 5.4 P3
7. Fence (F)
Sau khi gi lnh Group s xut hin hp thoi Object Grouping (Hnh 5. 5)
- Nhp tn Group mi vo Group Name : DO
- Nhp nt New < lc ny tm thi mt hp thoi v s xut hin dng nhc sau :
- Select Objects : Ti dng nhc ny ta chn cc i tng to thnh nhm (group)
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- Select objects :
Hnh 5.5
Hnh 5.6
Screen Menu
TOOLS 2 \ Select
G lnh
Ddselect
Sau khi gi lnh Ddselect s xut hin hp thoi Options (Hnh 5. 6).
CC NT CHN HAY DNG
1. KHUNG SELECTION MODES
Noun/Verb Selection
Cho php chn i tng trc khi chn lnh (bin PICKFIRST=1).
Use Shift to Add to Selection Chn i tng mi th i tng chn b i, mun chn
tip i tng th phi nhn phm Shift; khng nn chn nt ny
(bin PICKADD=1)
Implied Windowing
Chn i tng bng phng php s dng ca s Windows v
Crossing (bin PICKAUTO=1, nu khng chn th nhp bin ny
= 0)
Object Grouping
Cho php nhm cc i tng ring l thnh mt nhm (bin
PICKSTYLE=1)
Associative Hatch
lin kt mt ct v ng bao thnh mt i tng (bin
PICKSTYLE =2)
2. KHUNG PICKBOX SIZE
Thay i kch thc ca vung chn i tng v cng l vung con chy giao im ca
hai si tc. Thay i bng cch di chuyn con chy trn thanh trt qua phi hoc qua tri.
3. KHUNG GRIPS
Cha gi lnh m chn i tng th trn i tng xut hin cc vung mu xanh gi l cc
GRIPS. Xt cc nt chn sau:
GVC ThS. Nguyn
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Enable Grips
Lnh Help dng tra cu thng tin hng dn s dng AutoCAD. Khi thc hin lnh ny s
xut hin hp thoi Help Topics: AutoCAD Help (Hnh 5.7). xem hng dn s dng ta
nhp kp chut vo User's Guide s xut hin hp thoi (Hnh 5.8) bao gm cc chng hng
dn s dng AutoCAD 2000
Hnh 5.7
Hnh 5.8
======================
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Chng 6
Erase
Offset
Mirror
Move
Array
Scale
Rotate
Lengthen
Stretch
Extend
Trim
Chamfer
Break
Explode
Fillet
Hnh 6.1
Cc lnh hiu chnh i tng c phn ra lm mt s loi nh sau:
A. CC LNH HIU CHNH XN I TNG
6.1 XO CC I TNG (lnh Erase)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu
Modify \ Erase hoc Edit \ Clear
Screen Menu
MODIFY1 \ Erase
G lnh
Erase hoc E
Toolbar
Modify
Lnh Erase dng xo cc i tng c chn trn bn v hin hnh. Sau khi chn i tng
ta ch cn nhn phm Enter th lnh s thc hin xo.
Command: E
- Select objects: Chn cc i tng cn xo
- Select objects: Chn tip cc i tng cn xo hoc nhn Enter kt thc
6.2 XN MT PHN I TNG GIAO VI B XN (lnh TRIM)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu
Mdify\ Trim
Screen Menu
MODIFY2 \Trim
G lnh
Trim, Tr
Toolbar
Modify
oan cn xen
58
2005
Command: Tr
Current settings: Projection=UCS Edge=None
Select cutting edges ...
Select objects: Chn hai i tng lm b xn (chn on thng ng v cung trn)
Select objects:
Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn on gia cn xn ; (Hnh 6.2)
Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Tip tc chn on cn xn hoc nhn Enter
kt thc lnh .
Ch
1. Nu ti dng nhc "Select objects" ta nhn phm Enter th tt c cc i tng trn bn v
hin hnh u l b xn (Cutting edges); dng nhc tip ca lnh Trim l:
- Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn on cn xn.
2. Nu ti dng nhc "Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: " ta chn a tuyn th s xn
mt phn ca a tuyn .
CC TU CHN KHC
Edge
L tu chn ca lnh Trim cho php chuyn i phn c xn giao vi b xn
(mc nh) hay ko di ca b xn n giao i tng cn xn; (Hnh 6.3) .
Command: Tr
Current settings: Projection=UCS Edge=None
Select cutting edges ...
Select objects: Chn on thng ng lm b xn (Cutting edge); (hnh 6.3)
Select objects:
Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: E (tu chn Edge)
Enter an implied edge extension mode [Extend/No extend] <No extend>: E
Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn on cn xn (hnh 6.3)
Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]:
B xen
(Cutting edge)
oan cn xen
Project
Undo
V d
S dng lnh Trim, hy xn cc on (hnh 6.4a) c (hnh 6.4b) .
Command: Tr
- Current settings: Projection=UCS Edge=None
- Select cutting edges ...
- Select objects: ; (Tt c cc i tng trn bn v hin hnh u l b xn)
- Select object to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn cc cung trn nm ngoi hnh ch nht v
cc cnh ti gc hnh ch nht xn .
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P4
P2
P3
G lnh
Extrim
Toolbar
P1
Hnh 6.5
Hnh 6.6
a) Trc khi
b) Sau khi
6.4 XN MT PHN I TNG NM GIA HAI M CHN (lnh Break)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu
Modify\ Break
Screen Menu
G lnh
MODIFY 2 \ Break Break hoc Br
Toolbar
Modify
Lnh Break dng xn mt phn i tng nm gia hai im chn. i vi cung trn hoc
ng trn, on cung c xn ngc chiu kim ng h bt u t im chn th nht .
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CC TU CHN
a) im chn i tng cng l im u tin ca on xn.
Command: Br
- Select object: Chn i tng (P1) - im chn ny cng l im bt u xn.
- Specify second break point or [First point]: Nhp im xn th hai (P2) ; (hnh 6.7)
P1
P2
P1
P2
P2
P1
Command: Br
Select object: Chn i tng xn ; (im A - hnh 6.7a)
Specify second break point or [First point]: F ; (Tu chn nhp li im u)
Specify first break point: Chn im u tin ca on xn (P1) .
Specify second break point: Chn im th hai ca on xn (P2).
Ch
1) Trong lnh Break :
- im chn th hai c th khng nm trn i tng b xn .
- Dng tu chn [First point] th mt hoc c hai im chn c th khng nm trn i tng b
xn .
2) Nu hai im chn trng nhau th i tng c chia i (tr ng trn, elp), mun vy ti
dng nhc nhp im th hai ta nhp du @
6.5 V CUNG TRN NI TIP HAI I TNG (lnh Fillet)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu
Modify\ Fillet
Screen Menu
MODIFY 2 \ Fillet
G lnh
Fillet hoc F
Toolbar
Modify
Lnh Fillet dng v cung trn ni tip (tip xc) hai i tng cho trc. Lnh Fillet c
thc hin bng hai bc nh sau :
1) Gi lnh Fillet ri p R nhp bn knh cung trn ni tip .
2) Gi li lnh Fillet tr li ri chn hai i tng cung trn ni tip (hay tip xc) .
Command: F
Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 10.0000
- Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: R (Nhp R chn bn knh mi).
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2005
1'
R30
50
2'
1'
2'
CC TU CHN
Polyline Nu ch cn Fillet hai phn on thng giao nhau ca mt a tuyn th sau khi
nhp bn knh R,ta chn hai phn on k tip nhau -im P1, P2; (Hnh 6.9a trn).
Nu mun Fillet ton b cc nh ca mt a tuyn ta thc hin nh sau :
Command: F
Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 10.0000
Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: P
Select 2D polyline: Chn mt im A tu trn Polyline (Hnh 6.9a di); lc
ny s Fillet tt c cc phn on thng giao nhau ca mt Polyline
Ch
Ti cc nh ca Polyline l giao im ca hai phn on thng mi Fillet c.
P1
P2
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2005
Trim / Notrim Thc hin lnh Fillet ang ch Trim (mc nh) th cc i tng c
chn Fillet s xn cc on tha bt u t cc im tip xc. Nu ta chn ch
Notrim th cc i tng c chn Fillet s khng xn i cc on tha bt
u t cc im tip xc (hnh 6.10) .
Command: F
Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 10.0000
Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: T
Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim] <Trim>: N (Nhp N nu chn
Notrim; Nhp T nu chn Trim)
- Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]: Chn i tng th nht (P1) cn
Fillet
- Select second object: Chn i tng th hai (P2) cn Fillet
P1
P2
Toolbar
Modify
Lnh Chamfer dng vt gc hai phn on thng giao nhau hoc ko di giao nhau. Thc hin
lnh ny gm hai bc nh sau:
1) Gi lnh Chamfer ri chn Distance nhp hai khong cch vt.
2) Gi li lnh Chamfer chn hai cnh cn vt
Command: Cha
(1)
CC TU CHN
Distance Dng tu chn ny nhp hai khong cch vt Dist1 v Dist2. Sau gi li
lnh chn hai cnh cn Chamfer. (Hnh 6.11)
Command: Cha
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2005
khoang cach vat 1
30
20
1
2
Angle
P2
P1
(NOTRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1= 20 ; Dist2 = 20 (Gi s chp nhn hai
gi tr khong cch vt ny) .
- Select first line or [Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method]: P
- Select 2D Polyline: Chn i tng Polyline cn vt gc (im chn P1).
im chon Polyline
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2005
Ch
ko di hai phn n thng n giao nhau, ta c th s dng lnh Chamfer vi hai khong cch vt
1v khong cch vt 2 bng 0.
G lnh
Move hoc M
Toolbar
Modify
Command: M
Select objects: Chn cc i tng cn di .
Select objects: Tip tc chn cc i tng hoc Enter kt thc vic chn .
Specify base point or displacement: Chn im chun hoc nhp khong di.
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: Nhp to im
th hai ca khong di nu trc chn im chun.
V d
Hy di ng trn theo phng ngang mt khong 100 (Hnh 6.14)
Command: M
- Select objects: Chn ng trn cn di i.
- Select objects: Nhn phm Enter.
- Specify base point or displacement: CEN of (Truy bt tm O ca ng trn lm im
chun)
- Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: @100,0
(nhp im th hai cn di n so vi im chun)
80
O
100
100
Hnh 6.14
Hnh 6.15
Ch
Ti dng nhc "Specify base point or displacement:" Ta c th nhp khong di theo phng X v Y, khi
ti dng nhc tip theo "Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>:" ta
phi nhn phm Enter.
V d
Hy di hnh ch nht theo phng X khong100 v theo phng Y khong 80 ; (Hnh 6.15)
Command: M
- Select objects: Chn hnh ch nht cn di i.
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Screen Menu
MODIFY 2 \ Rotate
G lnh
Rotate hoc Ro
Toolbar
Modify
Lnh Rotate dng quay cc i tng chung quanh mt im chun (Base point) ng yn
lm tm quay, vi mt gc quay (rotation angle) tng ng .
Command: Ro
Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0
Select objects: Chn hnh ch nht cn quay.
Select objects: Nhn Enter
Specify base point: Chn im chun (P) lm tm quay ng yn.
Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: 45 ; (Nhp gc quay) (hnh 6.16)
im chon i tng
450
im chun
P
Screen Menu
MODIFY 2\ Scale
G lnh
Scale hoc SC
Toolbar
Modify
Lnh Scale dng phng to hay thu nh kch thc hnh v ca cc i tng trn bn v hin
hnh theo mt t l nht nh. Sau khi thc hin lnh Scale, khng nhng hnh v thay i ln
m con s kch thc ghi trn i tng cng thay i theo (Hnh 6.17) .
Command: SC
Select objects: Chn i tng cn thay i t l (chn hnh ch nht -hnh 6.17 a, b)
Select objects: Nhn Enter kt thc vic chn .
Specify base point: Chn im chun P lm im chun ng yn khi thay i t l .
Specify scale factor or [ Reference]: Nhp h s t l.
Ch
Hnh nt t trc khi Scale, hnh nt lin sau khi Scale (hnh 6.17a,b,c) .
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2005
im chon i tng
P - im chun
P - im chun
a) h s t l = 2
b) h s t l = 0.5
Hnh 6.17
Screen Menu
MODIFY 2\ Lengthen
G lnh
Lengthen hoc Len
Toolbar
Modify
Lnh Lengthen dng thay i chiu di ca on thng, hay gc tm ca cung trn hay elip
Command: Len
Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: Chn i tng hoc nhp tu chn (*)
CC TU CHN
Select an object Hin th chiu di ca i tng hoc gc m ca cung trn
DElta
Thay i chiu di ca i tng hoc gc m ca cung bng cch nhp khong
tng. Nu nhp gi tr dng th tng kch thc, nhp gi tr m th gim kch
thc.
Command: Len
- Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: DE
- Enter delta length or [Angle] <0.0000>:30; (Nhp khong tng (hnh 6.18a)
(**)
- Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chn i tng cn thay i kch thc.
- Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chn tip i tng hoc nhn Enter
kt thc.
Tu chn Angle (**) nhp khong tng tng ng vi gc thay i tm
ca cung.
Command: Len
- Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: DE
- Enter delta length or [Angle] <0.0000>: A
- Enter delta angle < >: 30 (Nhp gc tng tm) ; (Hnh 6.18b)
- Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chn i tng cn thay i kch thc
Khoang tng
Khoang tng
30
30
a)
Percent
b)
Hnh 6.18 - Delta
Tu chn ny cho php thay i chiu di i tng theo phn trm so vi tng
chiu di hin hnh (100%). Khi nhp vo chiu di > 100% th chiu di i
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Total
Command: Len
Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: P
Enter percentage length <100.0000>: 120 ; (Nhp gi tr vo)
Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chn i tng thay i kch thc
Command: Len
Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: T
Specify total length or [Angle] <1.0000)>: 80; (nhp tng chiu di )
Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chn i tng thay i kch thc
Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chn tip i tng thay i kch
thc hoc Enter
G lnh
Extend hoc Ex
Toolbar
Modify
Lnh Extend dng ko di mt hoc nhiu i tng (ng thng, cung trn) n chm i
tng khc lm ng ng bin (Boundary edges) (Hnh 6.20)
ng bao
Hnh 6. 20
Command: Ex
Current settings: Projection=UCS Edge=None
Select boundary edges ...
- Select objects: Chn ng thng v cung trn lam ng bin (boundary edges) (Hnh 6.20)
- Select objects: Nhn Enter kt thc vic chn .
- Select object to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn i tng cn ko di
- Select object to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Tip tc chn i tng cn ko di hoc
nhn Enter kt thc lnh.
GVC ThS. Nguyn
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Ch
Sau khi gi lnh Extend, nu ti dng nhc u tin ta nhn Enter (Select objects: ) th tt c cc i
tng trong bn v hin hnh l ng bin (boundary edges), dng nhc tip s l:
- Select object to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]: Chn i tng ko di
CC TU CHN
Edge
Cho php ko di mt on thng khng giao vi ng bao ; (Hnh 6.21)
ng bao
Hnh 6.21
Tng t Project ca lnh Trim .
Hu b thao tc va thc hin .
G lnh
Stretch hoc S
Toolbar
Modify
Lnh Stretch dng di (move), co (Shrink) hoc ko gin (Stretch) cc i tng. Khi co hoc
ko gin vn duy tr s dnh ni cc i tng, cc i tng l on thng hoc cung trn c th
ko gin hoc co li, lc bn knh cung trn c th tng ln hoc gim xung; ng trn
khng th co hoc ko gin .
Trong lnh Stretch khi chn i tng ta dng ca s Crossing Window hoc Crossing Polygon,
nhng i tng no nm trong ca s s c di i, nhng i tng no giao vi khung ca
s s c ko gin hoc co li. Ring ng trn nu tm nm trong khung ca s chn th s
di i .
Command: S
Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or crossing-polygon...
- Select objects: Chn cc i tng bi phng thc crossing (hnh ch nht nt t).
- Select objects:
- Specify base point or displacement: Chn im chun (hoc nhp khong di)
- Specify second point of displacement: Nhp to tng i ca im di n (hoc enter)
1) Cc on thng giao vi khung ca s c ko gin, cung trn v on thng nm trong
khung ca s c di i, tm ng trn nm ngoi khung ca s nn ng yn; (Hnh 6.22) .
P1
P2
2005
2) Cung trn giao vi khung ca s c ko gin thnh R46, on thng giao vi khung ca s
co li, tm ng trn nm ngoi khung ca s nn ng yn ; (Hnh 6.23)
P1
P2
P2
Toolbar
Modiffy
Lnh Align dng di (Move), quay (Rotate) v thu phng (Scale) i tng. Thng s dng
lnh Align lp kht i tng ngun (source) vo l ch (destination) theo t l.
P1
P1
P1
P3
P2
a) Mt cp im
P2
P4
P3
P2
P4
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2) Khi chn hai cp im v khng s dng Scale thc hin php di v quay hnh;
Command: Al
3) Khi chn hai cp im s dng Scale ta thc hin php di v quay hnh v thay i t l;
Nu trn dng nhc cui cng trng hp 2), ta nhp Y th kt qu nh (Hnh 6.25c).
6.14 PHN R I TNG (lnh Explode)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu
Screen Menu
Modify\ Explode
MODIFY 2 \ Explode
G lnh
Explode , X
Toolbar
Modify
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Chng 7
Cc lnh hiu chnh sao chp i tng dng to nhanh cc i tng mi t cc i tng c
sn, lm cho nng sut v c nhanh chng. Trong chng ny s trnh by cc lnh sau:
7.1 SAO CHP I TNG SONG SONG (lnh OFFSET)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu
Screen Menu
G lnh
Modify\ Offset
MODIFY 1\ Offset Offset hoc O
Toolbar
Modify
Lnh Offset dng sao chp cc i tng n v tr mi song song v theo hng vung gc
vi cc i tng c c chn.
Tu theo i tng c chn ta c cc trng hp sau:
- Nu i tng c chn l on thng th s to ra on thng mi song song v cng chiu
di vi on thng c chn (Hnh 7.1a).
- Nu i tng c chn l cung trn th s to ra cung trn mi ng tm v gc tm bng
nhau (Hnh 7.1b).
- Nu i tng c chn l ng trn th s to ra ng trn ng tm (Hnh 7.1c).
- Nu i tng c chn l Pline, Spline ...th s to ra i tng mi song song ng dng
vi i tng c chn (Hnh 7.1d ,e).
i tng mi tao
i tng c chon
Hnh 7.1
Command: O
- Specify offset distance or [Through] <1>: Nhp khong cch hay chn Through
a)
(*)
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b)
Hnh 7.2
7.2 SAO CHP I TNG THEO PHNG BT K (lnh COPY)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu
Screen Menu
G lnh
Tooolbar
Modify \ Copy
MODIFY 1 \ Copy Copy hoc Co
Modify
Lnh Copy dng sao chp cc i tng n v tr mi theo phng bt k ; (Hnh 7.3)
a) SAO CHP I TNG RA MT V TR
Command: Co
P1 - m chun
P2 (100,0)
@60<180
@60<0
im chun
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Command: Co
Tooolbar
Modify
Lnh Mirror dng sao chp i tng ra v tr mi, i xng vi i tng c qua mt trc
m ta phi xc nh (hnh 7.5 )
Command: Mi
P2
(Truc i xng)
Screen Menu
MODIFY 1\ Array
G lnh
Array hoc AR
Tooolbar
Modify
Lnh Array dng sao chp cc i tng thnh mng hnh ch nht (Rectangle array) hay
mng cc (Polar array), cc i tng sp xp thnh mng cch u nhau.
1) MNG HNH CH NHT (Rectangular array)
Sau khi chn i tng, nhp kiu mng R, nhp s hng (Rows), nhp s ct (Columns), nhp
khong cch hng, nhp khong cch ct.
GVC ThS. Nguyn
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Command: Ar
i tng chon
i tng chn.
a)
b)
Hnh 7.6
Ngoi ra ta c th dng n v (Unit cell) nhp khong cch gia cc hng v cc ct.
n v l hnh ch nht, m khong cch theo trc honh ca ny th hin khong cch gia
cc ct; khong cch theo trc tung ca ny th hin khong cch gia cc hng .
2) MNG CC (Polar Array)
La chn ny dng sao chp thnh mng cc, cc i tng c sp xp chung quanh mt
tm gi l cc ca mng. (Chn i tng, nhp kiu mng P, nhp to tm mng, nhp s
i tng to thnh mng, nhp gc to thnh mng, nhp Y )
i tng chon
Tm cua mang
i tng chon
Command: Ar
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- Enter the number of items in the array: 6. Nhp s lng i tng cn sao chp
- Specify the angle to fill (+ = ccw, - = cw) <360>: ; Nhp gc to thnh mng
- Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes/No] <Y>: (quay i tng hng v cc) (Hnh 7.7)
Ch
1. Nu ti dng nhc "Enter the number of items in the array: ; th ta c th nhp gc gia cc i
tng s sao chp ra .
Command: Ar
2. to cc i tng thnh mng khng nm song song vi trc X v Y chun (nh v cu thang) th
ta phi di v quay h trc to OXYquanh trc Z mt gc thch hp.
V d
V cu thang (Hnh 7.9b). Kch thc mi bc c cho (hnh 7.9a) .
Trnh t v c thc hin nh sau:
1) V hnh dng bc thang cho nh (hnh 7.9a):
- V cc on thng P1P2, P2P3, P3P1, P4P5, vi P4 l trung im ca on P2P3.
- Dng lnh Copy sao chp on P1P3 n v tr P5, ri sau Copy (Multiple) sao chp
on qua P5 n cc v tr mi c kch thc nh hnh v.
P5
P2
P4
P3
P1
a)
b)
Hnh 7.9
Command: UCS
- Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World]<World>: N
- Specify origin of new UCS or [ZAxis/3point/OBject/Face/View/X/Y/Z] <0,0,0>: Z
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4) Di h to v v tr ban u
Command: UCS
- Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/Save/Del/Apply/?/World]<World>:
====================================
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Chong 8
Ti dng nhc lnh Command: ta a vung ca hai si tc n chn i tng trn mn hnh
th cc i tng chuyn sang nt t v trn i tng s xut hin cc vung nh mu xanh
cc v tr im gia, im cui, tm, gc phn t,... ca tng i tng . Cc vung ny gi
l cc Grips; nu chn dng vn bn th s hin th mt Grip v tr canh l ca vn bn
(hnh 8.1)
Trong chng ny s trnh by cc ch hiu chnh i tng bng Grips nh: Move, Mirror,
Rotate, Scale, Stretch, Copy... t Shortcut menu
thot khi cc ch Grips ta nhn Esc hai ln hoc nhp nt phi chut ri chn Exit t
Shortcut menu
Line
Arc
Circle
Rectangle
AutoCAD2000
Spline
Elp
Kch thc
Hnh 8.1
Vn ban
Hnh 8.2
Ngoi ra ta cng c th nh bin Grips bng hp thoi Options (hnh 8.2).
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
1) T danh mc Tools, chn Options ... s xut hin hp thoi Options
2) Trn hp thoi Options, chn Tab Selection (hnh 8.2).
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3) Trong khung Grips, chn Enable grips (tng ng nhp bin Grips bng 1)
4) Chn OK
Trong hp thoi Options ny ta cng c th nh li mu cho Hot Grips (Selected grip) v Grips
khng chn (Unselected grip) cng nh ln ca cc Grips (grip size)
8.2 CC CH HIU CHNH BNG GRIPS
- hiu chnh bng Grips ta chn mt trong cc grip lm im chun (basse point), im
Grip c chn ny gi l Grip chun (base grip) v mu ca n s chuyn thnh mu
(Hot Grip); sau nhp nt phi chut s xut hin shortcut menu (hnh 8.3) m y ta c
th chn mt trong cc ch hiu chnh bng Grips nh: Move, Mirror, Rotate, Scale,
Stretch
- Ta c th quay vng chn cc ch hiu chnh ny bng
cch nhn phm SPACEBAR hoc ENTER hay chn t
shortcut menu
Chng hn, xut hin ch hiu chnh Scale ta nhp Sc
hay nhn Enter cho n khi xut hin Scale
- Ta c th chn nhiu Grips lm cc Grips chun (Hot Grip)
v vn gi nguyn hnh dng ca i tng gia cc Grips
Hnh 8.3
chn, bng cch nhn ng thi phm Shift v chn cc
Grips
- loi b mt i tng t mt b chn hin th cc grips, bng cch nhn ng thi
phm Shift v chn i tng . loi b tt c cc i tng chn ta nhn mt ln
phm Esc. Cc i tng loi b ra khi b th chuyn thnh nt lin tc, nhng cc
Grips vn cn v vn c tc dng hiu chnh ring cho n. Cc i tng loi b ra khi
b Grips nn khng b nh hng khi hiu chnh c b
Sau y s gii thiu cc ch hiu chnh bng Grips
8.2.1 CH STRETCH - KO GIN I TNG
Ch Stretch dng ko gin, co v di cc grips chn n v tr mi, tng t nh lnh
Stretch
1) i vi Line
- Nu Hot grips l im cui th ta c th ko gin hoc co i tng bng cch di chuyn
im Hot grips n v tr mi, im cui cn li ng yn
- Nu Hot grips l im gia th s di i tng n v tr mi
2) i vi Arc
- Nu Hot grips l im cui th s di im cui n v tr mi, im cui cn li v im
gia ng yn
- Nu Hot grips l im gia th s di im gia n v tr mi, hai im cui ng yn
nhng i tng thay i n v tr mi
3) i vi Circle
- Nu Hot grips l im gc phn t ng trn th ta c th thay i c bn knh ca ng
trn, tm ng yn
- Nu Hot grips l im tm th s di ng trn n v tr mi
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(*)
CC TU CHN
Base point Tu chn ny dng chn li im chun thay cho im chun mc nh Hot
grip. Khi nhp B ti (*) s xut hin dng nhc:
- Specify base point: Chn im chun mi
Copy
Tu chn Copy con ny nm trong cc ch hiu chnh Stretch, Move,
Mirror, Rotate, Scale dng sao chp i tng cn hiu chnh bng Grips ra
nhiu v tr khc nhau trn bn v m i tng c vn gi nguyn
Undo
Hu b thao tc va thc hin
eXit
Thot khi ch hiu chnh bng Grips
Ch
Ta c th chn hn mt Hot Grip Stretch.
V d sau y chn hai Hot Grips ca hai on thng biu din ni ng ng
c) Kt qu
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a)
b)
Hnh 8.5 MOVE
Ch
gi nguyn i tng u cn di, ta phi s dng thm tu chn Copy con ca ch hiu chnh
Move di ra nhiu hnh ly im Hot Grip lm im chun hoc chn im chun mi (hnh 8.6)
Hot Grip
a) Trc khi Move
b) Sau khi Move
Hnh 8.6 Move (Multiple)
Command: Chn i tng cn Move, sau chn Hot grips (hnh 8.6 a,b)
** STRETCH **
Specify stretch point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Mo
** MOVE **
Specify move point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: C
** MOVE (multiple) **
Specify move point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: 35 (ko ln nhp trc tip)
** MOVE (multiple) **
Specify move point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: 70 (ko ln nhp trc tip)
** MOVE (multiple) **
Specify move point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: 100 (ko ngang nhp trc tip)
** MOVE (multiple) **
Specify move point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: @100,35
** MOVE (multiple) **
Specify move point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: @100,70
** MOVE (multiple) **
Specify move point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]:
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c) Kt qu sau quay
Command: Chn i tng cn Move, sau chn Hot grips (hnh 876a,b, c)
** STRETCH **
Specify stretch point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Ro (hoc nhn Enter hai ln)
** ROTATE **
Specify rotation angle or [Base point/Copy/Undo/Reference/eXit]: Nhp gc quay 60
Ch
gi nguyn i tng u cn quay, ta phi s dng thm tu chn Copy con ca ch hiu chnh
Rotate quay ra nhiu hnh ly im Hot Grip lm im chun hoc chn im chun mi (hnh 8.8)
Hot Grip
Command: Chn i tng cn Rotate, sau chn Hot grips (hnh 8.8a,b)
** STRETCH **
Specify stretch point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Ro
** ROTATE **
Specify rotation angle or [Base point/Copy/Undo/Reference/eXit]: C
** ROTATE (multiple) **
Specify rotation angle or [Base point/Copy/Undo/Reference/eXit]: 60
** ROTATE (multiple) **
Specify rotation angle or [Base point/Copy/Undo/Reference/eXit]: 120
** ROTATE (multiple) **
Specify rotation angle or [Base point/Copy/Undo/Reference/eXit]: 180
** ROTATE (multiple) **
Specify rotation angle or [Base point/Copy/Undo/Reference/eXit]: 240
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** ROTATE (multiple) **
Specify rotation angle or [Base point/Copy/Undo/Reference/eXit]: 300
** ROTATE (multiple) **
Specify rotation angle or [Base point/Copy/Undo/Reference/eXit]:
Command: Chn i tng cn Scale, sau chn Hot grips (hnh 8.9a,b)
** STRETCH **
Specify stretch point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Sc (hoc nhn Enter ba ln)
** SCALE **
Specify scale factor or [Base point/Copy/Undo/Reference/eXit]: Nhp h s t l 0.5
Command: Chn i tng cn Mirror, sau chn Hot grips (P1); (hnh 8.10a)
** STRETCH **
Specify stretch point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Mi (hoc nhn Enter bn ln)
** MIRROR **
Specify second point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Xc nh im P2 cng vi P1 to
thnh trc i xngP1P2 (hnh 8.8a)
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Command: Chn i tng cn Mirror, sau chn Hot grips (P1); (hnh 8.11a)
** STRETCH **
Specify stretch point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Mi (hoc nhn Enter bn ln)
** MIRROR **
Specify second point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: C (tu chn copy)
** MIRROR (multiple) **
Specify second point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]: Chn im P2 ca trc i xng
** MIRROR (multiple) **
Specify second point or [Base point/Copy/Undo/eXit]:
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IU KHIN MN HNH
Chng 9
Khi thc hin bn v ta phi to gii hn bn v, tu theo tng i tng ln, hay nh m ta to
cc bn v c gii hn khc nhau cha chng, nn s hin th v hnh nh ca chng trn mn
hnh s khc nhau. Do d quan st bn v trn mn hnh i khi ta cn phi phng to, thu
nh hoc di chuyn mn hnh n v tr cn thit. Sau y s trnh by cc lnh iu khin mn
hnh.
9.1 THU PHNG MN HNH (lnh Zoom)
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu
Screen Menu
View \ Zoom >...
VIEW 1 \ Zoom
G lnh
Zoom , Z
Tooolbar
Lnh Zoom dnh phng to hay thu nh mn hnh, lc ny hnh nh cc i tng trn khung
nhn hin hnh nhn thy cng ln ln hoc nh li. Lnh ny khng lm thay i kch thc cc
i tng m ch thay i s hin th cc i tng trn mn hnh. Gi lnh t Pull - down menu
(hnh 9.1).
Hnh 9.1
Hnh 9.2
Command: Z
Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/
Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>:
(1)
CC TU CHN
1) Dng ca s hnh ch nht (corner of window) phng mn hnh.
Command: Z
- Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/
- Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>:
- Specify opposite corner: Chn gc th nht ca ca s
- Specify opposite corner: Chn gc th hai ca ca s bao i tng cn phng mn hnh.
y l la chn mc nh ca lnh Zoom, ca s cng nh th mn hnh phng cng ln.
2) Nhp h s t l (scale factor) thu - phng mn hnh
Command: Z
- Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/
Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>: 2 hoc 2x (Nhp h s t l)
Khi nhp t l bng 2 th mn hnh phng to ln hai ln
Ch :
GVC ThS. Nguyn
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H s t l <1
H s t l >1
2005
Th thu mn hnh
Th phng mn hnh
P2
Hnh 9.3
Hnh 9.4
6) Zoom Dynamic ,
Hin ln trn mn hnh tt c hnh nh trong khung ca s m ta c th thay i v tr v kch
thc ca khung ca s ny cha i tng cn thu phng mn hnh.
Command: Z
- Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/
Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>: D
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Lc ny xut hin khung hnh ch nht c du X gia cho php ta di chuyn v tr ca khung
ca s. Mun chuyn sang ch thay i ln khung ca s ta nhn phm tri chut, khi
xut hin mi tn bn cnh phi, tip tc di chuyn thay i ln ca khung; ca s cng
nh th mn hnh phng ln cng ln. Sau khi xc nh xong khung ca s ta nhn Enter .
7) Zoom Window ,
Phng to mn hnh cha phn hnh nh nm trong khung ca s hnh ch nht.
Command: Z
- Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/
Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>: W
- Specify first corner: Chn gc th nht ca ca s.
- Specify opposite corner Chn gc th hai ca ca s.
Ca s bao i tng cng nh th mn hnh cha hnh nh ca i tng th hin cng ln
(hnh 9.5)
Hnh 9.5
Hnh 9.6
8) Zoom Extents ,
Tu chn ny s hin th ton b i tng trn bn v ca khung nhn hin hnh v phng to
hoc thu nh ton b cc i tng n kh nng ln nht c th (hnh 9.6). Trong 3D, Zoom
All tng ng vi Zoom Extents
Command: Z
- Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/
Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>: E
9) Zoom Previous,
Phc hi li cc hnh nh ca cc lnh Zoom trc . Phc hi c 10 hnh nh trc .
Command: Z
- Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/
Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>: P
10) Zoom Scale,
Nhp h s t l bng cc con s (hnh 9.7)
Command: Z
- Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/
Previous/Scale/Window] <Real time>: S
- Enter a scale factor (nX or nXP): 2
Ch :
H s t l <1
H s t l >1
Th thu mn hnh
Th phng mn hnh
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Hnh 9.7
Trn thanh Standard toolbar ta cn c thm cc biu tng tu chn nh sau :
In
Out
G lnh
Pan, P
Tooolbar
Hnh 9.8
hnh 9.9
Command: P
Lc ny trn mn hnh xut hin con tr c dng bn tay; khi ta nhp nt tri ca chut ri gi
v di chuyn mn hnh cha hnh nh n v tr mong mun; khi th nt tri chut ra th lnh Pan
khng tip tc .
thot lnh Pan ta nhn phm Esc hoc nhp phi chut s xut hin danh mc shortcut menu
ri chn Exit. (Hnh 9.9)
88
G lnh
Dsviewer hoc Av
Tooolbar
2005
Screen Menu
VIEW1\ Regen hoc Regenall
G lnh
Regen hoc Re
Lnh Regen hoc RegenAll dng ti to ton b i tng trn mn hnh. Khi gi lnh Zoom
phng to mn hnh lc ny ng trn s gy khc. Sau khi gi lnh Regen th cc cung trn,
ng trn c ti to mn nh trc khi Zoom (hnh 9.11)
======================
89
Chng 10
2005
Hnh 10.1
1) TRNH T TO LAYER MI
- Nhp nt New s xut hin son tho Layer 1 (mu xanh) ti ct Name di Layer 0.
(hnh 10.1)
- Nhp tn lp cn to: NET KHUAT. Tn lp khng c di qu 255 k t; k t c th l
ch, s, du... c th c cc khong trng gia cc k t nhng khng c dng cc k t
sau: <, >, /,\, ", ?, *, = Nu mun to nhiu lp cng mt lc ta nhp cc tn lp cch nhau
bi du phy .
2) GN MU (COLOR) CHO LP
- Nhp vo mu White ca lp NET KHUAT c chn di ct Color, khi xut hin hp
thoi Select Color (hnh 10.2), hp thoi ny c 256 mu c nh s t 1 - 256
- Hy chn mu xanh (Blue) gn cho lp NET KHUAT. Khi chn mu nn chn mu tiu
chun. C 7 mu tiu chun (Standard colors): 1- Mu (Red); 2 - Mu vng (Yellow); 3 Mu xanh l cy, mu xanh lc (Green); 4 - Mu xanh da tri (Cyan); 5 - Mu xanh bin
GVC ThS. Nguyn
90
2005
Hnh 10.2
Hnh 10.3
3) GN DNG NG (LINETYPE) CHO LP
gn dng ng cho lp NET KHUAT ta thc hin nh sau:
- Nhp vo tn dng ng continuous ca lp ang chn (di ct Linetype) khi xut hin
hp thoi Select Linetype (Hnh 10.3).Trong hp thoi ny ch c mt dng ng duy nht
l Continuous. ti cc dng ng khc cho bn v, ta tin hnh :
- Nhp nt Load... khi xut hin hp thoi Load or Reload Linetypes (hnh 10.4) .
- Chn dng ng hidden cn ti cho bn v.
- Nhp nt OK s tr v hp thoi Select Linetype (Hnh 10.5)
- Chn li dng ng hidden va ti gn cho lp NET KHUAT
- Nhp nt OK.
Hnh 10.4
Hnh 10.5
Hnh 10.6
91
2005
Hnh 10.7
Hnh 10.8
Ch
a) hp thoi Layer Properties Manager, nu ta nhp nt Show details s xut hin trang mi ca hp
thoi Layer Properties Manager hin th chi tit hn (Hnh 10.7). Trong khung Details ta c th i
tn lp, gn li mu, i dng ng, v cc trng thi ca lp.
b) To lp v gn cc tnh cht cho lp t dng nhc lnh (lnh -Layer, -La)
Command: -La
92
2005
CC TU CHN KHC
? Lt k cc lp cng cc tnh cht ca lp
Make (M) To lp mi v lp tr thnh hin hnh
Set (S)
a mt lp ra hn hnh
New (N) To lp mi
ON/OFF M hay tt lp
Freeze (F) Lm ng cc lp
Thaw (T) Lm tan cc lp ng
Lock (LO) Kho cc lp
Unlock (U) M kho cc lp kho
93
2005
Hnh 10.9
Hnh 10.10
Hnh 10.11
Hnh 10.12
Ch
-
94
2005
Du * ti cc : Color, Lineweight, Linetype, ... c ngha l hin ln tt c cc mu, chiu rng nt in,
dng ng, ... ca cc lp lc. Ta cng c th lc cc lp theo mu, hoc theo chiu rng nt in,
hoc theo dng ng, ... ca cc lp to bng cch nhp tn ca chng.
Lineweight control
(Chiu rng net )
Hinh 10.14
Hnh 10.15
Danh sch iu khin mu (Color Control)
Danh sch iu khin mu Color Control gn mu hin hnh cho i tng sp v;
(Hnh 10.15). Khi to lp th ta nn chn mu theo lp (tc chn Bylayer). Nu ta nhp vo
nt other... s xut hin hp thoi Select Color cha bng mu y hn gn mu khng
theo lp cho i tng sp v.
Danh sch iu khin dng ng (Linetype Control)
Danh sch iu khin dng ng (Linetype Control) gn dng ng hin hnh cho i
tng sp v, (Hnh 10.16). Khi to lp th ta nn chn dng ng theo lp (tc chn
Bylayer). Nu ta nhp vo nt other... s xut hin hp thoi qun l dng ng Linetype
Manager dng ti dng ng khng theo lp v gn t l dng ng cho bn v .
GVC ThS. Nguyn
95
2005
Hnh 10.16
Hnh 10.17
Hnh 10.18
Hnh 10.19
Nhp nt Load... xut hin hp thoi Load or Reload Linetypes (hinh 10.19). Trong hp
thoi ny ta chn dng ng cn ti; ti ht cc dng ng cho bn v hy nhp phi
chut vo mt dng ng ri chn Select all trn danh mc tt.
Nhp OK ng hp thoi Load or Reload Linetypes
Nhp OK ng hp thoi Linetype Manager
96
2005
Hnh 10.20
10.6 HIU CHNH CC TNH CHT CA I TNG
10.6.1 Thay i lp bng thanh cng c Object Properties
Trnh t thay i lp nh sau :
- Ti dng nhc Command: Ta chn i tng cn thay i lp lc ny xut hin cc GRIPS
trn i tng - l cc vung mu xanh (Hnh 10.21)
- Trn danh sch iu khin lp (Layer Control) thuc thanh cng c Object Properties ta chn
tn lp cn thay i cho i tng chn
Hnh 10.21
Hnh 10.22
V d
Trc y ta v hnh ch nht trn lp NET DAM, nay ta nun thay i lp ng thy thnh
lp NET KHUAT th :
- Chn hnh ch nht NET DAM trn bn v
- Trn danh sch ko xung ca Layer Control ta chn lp ng khut. Lc ny lp NET
DAM chuyn thnh lp NET KHUAT.
GVC ThS. Nguyn
97
2005
Screen menu
MODIFY1 \ Property
G lnh
Ddchprop, mo, Ch,
props, Ctrl+1
Toolbar
Object Properties
Ti dng nhc lnh Command: hy chn i tng cn hiu chnh xut hin cc Grips
Gi lnh Properties th s xut hin hp thoi Properties (Hnh 10.22).
Trong hp thoi ny ta c th thay i cc tnh cht ca i tng chn nh: Color (mu),
Layer (lp), Linetype (dng ng), LtScale (t l dng ng), ....
a)
b)
c)
Hnh 10.23
+ Nu ti danh sch kiu i tng Object Type ta chn Polyline th tt c cc i tng v
bng lnh Polyline trn lp NET DAM s c chn.
+ Nu ti danh sch kiu i tng Object Type ta chn Line th tt c cc i tng v bng
lnh Line trn lp NET DAM s c chn...
+ Nu ti danh sch kiu i tng Object Type ta chn Multiple th tt c cc i tng v
trn lp NET DAM s c chn.
GVC ThS. Nguyn
98
2005
+ Sau khi chn xong nhp OK s xut hin hp thoi Properties (hnh 10.23c) bao gm cc
tnh cht ca i tng cn thay i, trn danh sch ko xung ca cc lp Layer ta chn
lp NET KHUAT cn thay i n. Khi tt c cc i tng ca lp NET DAM c
chn s chuyn sang lp NET KHUAT
- Nhp nt Close (du X gc trn bn phi) kt thc vic hiu chnh
10.6.3 NH DNG TNH CHT I TNG NGUN CHO I TNG CH
(lnh Matchprop)
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull-down Menu
Screen Menu
G lnh
Toolbar
Modify \ Match Properties MODIFY1\ Matchprop Ma, Matchprop Standarrd
Lnh Matchprop dng gn cc tnh cht ca i tng ngun c chn u tin (Source
object) cho i tng ch c chn sau (Destination object) .
Command: Ma
Select source object: Chn i tng ngun c tnh cht mong mun
Current active settings: Color Layer Ltype Ltscale Lineweight Thickness Text Dim Hatch
Select destination object(s) or [Settings]: Chn i tng ch cn thay i tnh cht . (*)
Select destination object(s) or [Settings]: Tip tc chn i tng ch cn thay i tnh cht
hoc nhn Enter kt thc lnh.
Ch
Ta c th chn (hoc khng chn) cc tnh cht cn gn cho i tng ch (Destination object) bng
cch s dng la chn Settings ca dng nhc (*). Khi xut hin hp thoi Properties Settings (hnh
10.19). Trn hp thoi ny nu tnh cht no c chn (nh du kim) th tnh cht dc gn cho i
tng ch ( y tt c cc tnh cht u c chn)
Hnh 10.24
==================
99
2005
NHP VN BN VO BN V
Trong qu trnh thc hin mt bn v, ngoi cc hnh biu din ra, cn c nhng dng ch ghi
ch ghi cc yu cu k thut, cc con s ghi kch thc th hin ln ca vt th c biu
din....
Cc dng ch v con s trong bn v AutoCAD l mt phn t ho ging nh Line, arc,
circle, Do ta c th dng cc lnh hiu chnh i vi dng ch v con s .
Chng ny ta s trnh by cch nhp v hiu chnh cc dng ch v ch s trong bn v
AutoCAD2000 .
11.1 TO KIU CH TRN HP THOI (lnh Style)
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu
Screen Menu
G lnh
Format \ Text Style...
FORMAT \ Style
Style , St
Toolbar
Hnh 11.1
Trnh t to kiu ch (Text Style) trn hp thoi ny nh sau :
1. To kiu ch: Chn nt New... s xut hin hp thoi New Text Style (Hnh 11.2). Ta nhp
tn kiu ch mi vo son tho Style Name (v d nhp VN) sau nhp OK (hoc nhn
Enter) th tn VN s xut hin thm danh sch Style Name ca hp thoi Text Style.
Hnh 11.2
Hnh 11.3
100
2005
light , ...); hoc font VNI bt u bng ch hoa VNI- (nh: VNI- Times, ...); hoc font ABC bt
u bng .Vn (nh .VnTime, ...).
Kiu g nn g theo kiu Telex v c qui nh nh bng sau:
G
aa
ee
dd
oo
aw
uw (w hoc ] )
ow ( [ )
Kiu g Telex
Kt qu
G
Kt qu du
Du sc
Du huyn
Du hi
Du ng
Du nng
Xo du va nhp
V d
G
Kt qu
caaus
cu
leef
l
ddeer
ddoox
cawnj
cn
dduwngs
ng
dduwowngf ng
CC NT CHN KHC
Upside down
Dng ch i xng qua phng nm ngang .
Backward
Dng ch i xng qua phng thng ng .
Width factor
H s chiu rng. Theo TCVN th h s chiu rng i vi :
+ Ch in = 0.6 .
+ Ch thng = 0.5 ; kiu xy xng gy = 0.3
Oblique Angle
Gc nghing k t hp vi phng thng ng, nu nhp s > 0 th
nghing sang phi, nu nhp s < 0 th nghing sang tri. Theo TCVN th
i vi:
+ Ngnh c kh gc ny l 150 (Tc to vi ng bng gc 750)
+ Ngnh xy dng gc ny l 00 .
Rename...
i tn kiu ch t tn
Delete
Xo kiu ch t tn
101
2005
Specify full font name or font filename (TTF or SHX) <txt>: Vntimes new roman ; (nhp
tn y ca font)
Specify height of text <0.0000>:5 ; (nhp chiu cao ch)
Specify width factor <1.0000>: (nhp h s chiu rng ca k t)
Specify obliquing angle <0>: ; (nhp gc nghing ca k t)
Display text backwards? [Yes/No] <N>: ; (vit i xng qua phng thng ng khng ?)
Display text upside-down? [Yes/No] <N>: ;(vit i xng qua phng ngang khng ?)
Vertical? <N> ; (vit theo phng thng ng khng ?)
"VN" is now the current text style: VN l kiu vn bn hin hnh.
11.2 NHP VN BN VO BN V
11.2.1 NHP NHIU DNG VN BN (lnh Dtext,
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - don menu
Screen Menu
Draw \ Text > Single line text DRAW 2 \ Dtext
)
G lnh
Dtext, Dt
Toolbar
Draw
Lnh Dtext (Dynamic Text) cho php nhp nhiu dng vn bn cc v tr khc nhau trn bn
v v cc dng vn bn ny s xut hin trn mn hnh ngay sau khi g t bn phm m khng
cho ting Vit ngay; v vy ta ch cn nhp mt k t no ri hiu chnh li.
Hnh 11.4
CC TU CHN
Style
Chn mt trong cc kiu ch to lm kiu hin hnh.
Command:Dt
Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: S
Enter style name or [?] <vn>: Nhp tn kiu ch to lm kiu hin hnh.
Justify
Chn li v tr canh l ca dng vn bn :
Command:Dt
Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: j
Enter an option [Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/ BR]:
CC TU CHN CA JUSTIFY
Align Tu chn ny dng sp xp dng vn bn nm gia hai im chn P1, P2 m,
chiu rng v chiu cao ca dng vn bn t ng c iu chnh thch hp theo
khong cch P1P2.
GVC ThS. Nguyn
102
2005
Command:Dt
- Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: j
- Enter an option [Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/ BR]:A
- Specify first endpoint of text baseline: Chn P1 l im u ca dng vn bn .
- Specify second endpoint of text baseline: Chn P2 l im cui ca dng vn bn
- Enter text: AutoCAD ; (Nhp dng vn bn vo); (Hnh 11.5)
- Enter text:
T (Hnh 11.5) cho thy rng chiu di on P1P2 thay i th chiu cao v chiu rng ca dng
vn bn thay i theo.
a)
b)
c)
Hnh 11.5.
Fit
Tng t tu chn Align nhng y ta phi nhp chiu cao dng vn bn.
Command:Dt
- Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]: j
- Enter an option [Align/Fit/Center/Middle/Right/TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/ BR]: F
- Specify first endpoint of text baseline: Chn P1 l im u ca dng vn bn.
- Specify second endpoint of text baseline: Chn P2 l im cui ca dng vn bn.
- Specify height <2.5>: 10 ; (Nhp chiu cao ca dng vn bn).
- Enter text: AutoCAD ; (Nhp ni dung dng vn bn vo)
- Enter text:
T (Hnh 11.6) cho thy rng chiu di on P1P2 thay i nhng chiu cao ca dng vn bn
vn khng thay i theo, ch c chiu rng dng vn bn thay i .
a)
b)
c)
Hnh 11.6
MI DNG CH C:
- Bn v tr canh l theo hng gm: Trn (Top); Gia (Middle); ng chun (Baseline) v
Di (Bottom)
Hinh 11.7
-
103
2005
Ch
Trong AutoCAD 2000 khi s dng lnh Dtext ghi vn bn ting Vit th khng xut hin ngay du
ting Vit. khc phc, ta s dng lnh hiu chnh Ddedit (hoc Ed) hoc gi lnh Modify\ Text ... sau
nhp dng vn bn cn hiu chnh vo trong hp thoi Edit Text (ni chung trong hp thoi ny cng
khng c du ting Vit), nhng khi nhp OK th s xut hin dng ting vit mong mun .
BNG CC K T C BIT
Mc ch
G t bn phm Kt qu vn bn
Gch trn
%% O acad
acad
Gch di
%%U acad
acad
K hiu
50 %% d
500
K hiu cng , tr
%% p 40
40
K hiu ng knh %% C 30
30
Ghi ch cc k t
O - Obove (trn)
U - Under (di)
D - Degree ()
P - Plus (cng & tr)
ng knh
Toolbar
Draw
Lnh Mtext cho php nhp mt on vn bn c gii hn trong mt khung hnh ch nht m
ta phi xc nh hai nh i din.
Command: Mt
- Current text style: "vn" Text height: 8
- Specify first corner: Xc nh im gc th nht ca hnh ch nht cha vn bn.
- Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Line spacing/Rotation/Style/Width]: Xc nh
im gc i din ca hnh ch nht. Lc ny s xut hin hp thoi Multiline Text Editor
(Hnh 11.8a), trn hp thoi ny ta nhp on vn bn vng ca s nh vn bn .
CC TAB CA HP THOI MULTILINE TEXT EDITOR
1. Tab Character
Nhp tab Character ca hp thoi Multiline Text Editor (Hnh 11.8a). Ti danh sch Font ta c
th chn li font ch thch hp vit vn bn nh: VNtimes new roman, ..., k ta c th nh
chiu cao ch ti font height. Cc nt nh dng k t : Nt B - m; I - nghing; U - gch
di;
- hu b vn bn va nhp;
- to phn s; nh mu cho vn bn danh sch Text
Color.
Ngoi ra ta cng c th chn cc k t c bit ti danh sch ca nt Symbol, danh sch ko
xung ca nt Symbol (hnh 11.8b).
Font
Mau vn ban
a)
Symbol
b)
Hnh 11.8
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2005
Nu chn Other... s xut hin hp thoi character Map l bng cc k t c bit (Hnh 11.9) .
Trnh t chn mt Symbol vo vn bn nh sau:
- Chn Symbol bng cch nhp phm tri chut ln Symbol .
- Nhp nt Select th symbol s xut hin ti Character to copy .
- Nhp nt Copy
- Nhp nt Close ng hp thoi Character Map.
- Trn hp thoi Multiline Text Editor hy a con tr n v tr cn chn Symbol .
- Nhp nt phi chut xut hin shortcut menu ri chn Paste dn k t vo.
Hnh 11.9
2. Tab Properties
Nu ta chn tab Properties ca hp thoi Multiline Text Editor s xut hin trang tng ng
(hnh 11.10)
Kiu ch
Canh l
Hnh 11.10
Trong hp thoi ny ta c th thay i kiu ch (Style); nh li im canh l (Justification); thay
i chiu rng danh sch (Width) cho on vn bn mi hoc vn bn c chn, nu trong
danh sch ny ta chn No wrap th Mtext xut hin trn mt dng n. Ta c th nh gc
nghing (Rotation)so vi phng nm ngang ca on vn bn mi hoc vn bn c chn
3. Tab Line Spacing
Cho php ta nh khong trng gia cc dng vn bn mi hoc vn bn c chn (hnh 11.11).
Nu ta chn At Least th AutoCAD t ng nh khong cch gia cc dng da vo chiu cao
ca k t ln nht trn dng; nu chn Exactly th s nh khong trng nh nhau cho cc dng
vn bn ca on Mtext
Hnh 11.11
GVC ThS. Nguyn
105
2005
Khong trng Single (1x) bng 1,66 ln chiu cao ca vn bn. Cc tu chn bao gm: Single
(1x), 1.5 lines (1.5x) v Double (2x); ta c th chn mt tu chn t danh sch ny hoc nhp
mt s theo sau l ch X ch s ln khong trng n. V d 5x
4. Tab Find / Replace
Tab ny cho php ta tm v thay th cc k t (ting Anh) trong on vn bn nm trong ca s
ca hp thoi Multiline Text Editor.
Hnh 11.12
Chng hn thay i ch AutoCAD thnh ch CAD ta g ch AutoCAD vo Find ri nhp
nt Find (nt biu tng c hnh ng dm
) th
Ch
Ta c th s dng lnh - Mtext (-T) nhp vn bn trn dng nhc lnh. Sau khi nhp lnh s to mt
hnh ch nht cha vn bn ri nhp vn bn vo dng nhc ca lnh MText:
G lnh
Ddedit , Ed
Toolbar
Modify 2
Hnh 11.13
-
Select an annotation object or [Undo]: Tip tc chn dng vn bn cn hiu chnh hoc nhn
Enter kt thc vic hiu chnh .
106
2005
a)Trc khi sa
b) Sau khi sa
Hnh 11.14
Hnh 11.15
G lnh
Toolbar
DdModify, ch, Mo, props, Object
ddchprop , Ctrl+1
Properties
Lnh Properties dng hiu chnh ni dung v cc tnh cht ca dng vn bn gm: Thay i
ni dung vn bn c chn Contents; Thay i mu vn bn c chn Color; Thay i lp
vn bn c chn Layer; Thay i kiu vn bn Style; Thay i chiu cao vn bn c
chn Height; Thay i gc nghing ca dng vn bn c chn Rotation; Thay i khong
h gia cc dng vn bn c chn Line space factor .v.v...
Trnh t thc hin hiu chnh nh sau :
- Chn dng ch trn mn hnh m ta cn thay i tnh cht.
- Gi lnh Properties s xut hin hp thoi Properties
(Hnh 11.16). Khi cc tnh cht ca i tng c
chn s lit k trn hp thoi ny ; hy chn tnh cht cn
thay i.
Hnh 11.16
11.4.3 HIU CHNH CHIU RNG DNG VN BN (lnh Textfit)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu
G lnh
Toolbar
Express > text >Textfit
Textfit
Express Text Tools
GVC ThS. Nguyn
107
2005
Lnh Textfit dng co (shrink) hay ko gin (Stretch) dng vn bn c vit bng lnh Dtext
nm gia hai im P1, P2 ta cn ch nh. Khi chiu cao dng vn bn khng thay i
(Hnh 11.17) .
AutoCAD 2000
a) Trc khi hiu chnh Textfit
P1
P2
Command: Textfit
Select Text to stretch or shrink: Chn dng vn bn cn hiu chnh.
Specify end point or [Start point]: nh li v tr im cui ca dng vn bn (hoc p S
nh li im u mi v im cui ca dng vn bn)
- Specify new starting point: Chn im bt u mi ca dng vn bn (im P1)
- Ending point: Chn im kt thc ca dng vn bn (im P2).
h c B c h Kh o a
Hnh 11.19
Hnh 11.18
108
2005
Lnh Txt2mTxt dng chuyn dng vn bn c son tho bng lnh Dtext thnh lnh Mtext
nhm thun li cho vic hiu chnh vn bn.
Command: Txt2mtxt
Select text objects, or [Options]<Options>:
Select objects: Chn dng vn bn Text hoc Dtext cn chuyn thnh Mtext
Select objects:
Toolbar
Express text tools
Lnh Text Mask dng to mt n cho dng vn bn Text hoc Mtext v lin kt thnh mt
i tng nhm che ph i tng khc khi nhm text - mt n ny di chuyn chng ln i
tng khc. Mt n l mt khung hnh ch nht c nn trng
Command: Textmask
Current settings: Offset factor = 0.3500, Mask type = Wipeout
Select text objects to mask or [Masktype/Offset]: O ( nhp h s offset)
Mask offset currently set to 0.3500 (h s offset hin hnh ca mt n)
Enter offset factor relative to text height <0.3500>: 0.5 (Nhp h s offset mi tng i so
vi chiu cao dng vn bn)
Current settings: Offset factor = 0.5000, Mask type = Wipeout
Select text objects to mask or [Masktype/Offset]: Chn dng vn bn to mt n
Current settings: Offset factor = 0.5000, Mask type = Wipeout
Select text objects to mask or [Masktype/Offset]: Chn tip dng vn bn to mt n hoc
nhn Enter kt thc (hnh 11.20)
AUTOCAD 2000
AUTOCAD 2000
Toolbar
Express text tools
Command: Txtexp
Select text to be EXPLODED
Select objects: Chn dng vn bn cn ph v.
Select objects: Chn tip dng vn bn cn ph hoc nhn Enter kt thc vic chn .
Ch
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2005
Hnh 11.21
Hnh 11.22
Hnh 11.23
Status
Hnh 11.24
Hnh 11.25
CC NT CHN
Find Text String Trn danh sch ny ta nhp hoc chn dng vn bn cn tm .
GVC ThS. Nguyn
110
2005
Replace With
Search In
Options...
Find/Find Next
Replace
Replace All
Select All
Zoom To
Context
Status
=====================
111
2005
Hnh 12.1
12.1.1 TAB QUICK
1) Chn mu vt liu mt ct
Trn danh sch ko xung ca Type c ba kiu mu mt ct: Predefined ; User defined v
Custum; (Hnh 12.2) .
Hnh 12.2
Hnh 12.3
Predefined
GVC ThS. Nguyn
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2005
Hnh 12.4
Hnh 12.5
User- defined
Mu c dng l cc on thng song song.
- Tnh cht gc nghing v khong cch gia cc ng gch gch do ngi dng nh ngha
bng cch nhp vo Angle v Spacing (hnh 12.5). Gc nghing ca ng gch gch so
vi trc x ca h trc to hin hnh .
- Nu nh du chn vo nt Double gc phi di (hnh 12.5) th mu c dng li vung
ging mu ANSI37.
2) Cc tnh cht ca mu
Cc tnh cht ca mu gm :
- Scale Ti ny ta nhp t l cho mu mt ct ang chn th hin khong ch gia cc
ng gch gch v tha da ca dng ng khng lin tc, gi tr mc nh ti ny l
1
- Nu mu mt ct c chn c tn bt u bng AR- th gi tr t l Scale c nhp vo t
0.05 0.1 i vi gii hn l kh A3.
- Gi tr t l Scale thay i theo gi hn bn v.
- Angle Ga tr Angle xc nh gc nghing ca ng gch gch so vi ng gch gch
mc nh ca mu. Gi tr mc nh l 0 (tng ng ng gch gch hp vi trc x mt gc
450)
12.1.2 TAB ADVANCED
Xt hai khung thng dng (Hnh 12.6).
Khung Island detection Style
Cho cc kiu chn v mt ct; gm c ba kiu: Normal (vng gch - vng trng - vng gch...
k t min cha im chn i vo trong); Outer (ch gch min ngoi cng cha im chn),
Ignore (gch tt c k t ng bao ngoi cng ca min cha im chn); (Hnh 12.7)
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2005
im chon
im chon
a) Normal
b) Outer
Hnh 12.6
im chon
c) Ignore
Hnh 12.7
AutoCAD
Hnh 12.8
b) Nt Select Objects
Sau khi chn xong min gch gch bng cch s dng la chn
Pick Points; nu mun b i mt vi islands bn trong min gch
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2005
AutoCAD
Hnh 12.9
Nt View Selections
Nt Inherit Properties
Nt ny dng chn mu mt ct gch sn trn bn v
nhm khng chn li cc tnh cht. Dng nhc s xut hin:
- Select associative hatch object: Nhp vo mu mt ct gch sn trn
bn v
Inherited Properties: Name <ANSI31>, Scale <1>, Angle <0> (dng
ny thng bo cc tnh cht ca mu va chn gm: tn mu, t l, gc
nghing ca ng gch gch )
- Select internal point: Nhp chn im bn trong min cn gch gch.
4) CC NT CHN KHC
Nt Preview
Xem trc mu mt ct c biu din , nu cha t th thay i li
tnh cht cu mu.
Nt Associative
Nu ta chn nt ny th cc ng gch gch sau khi to mt ct s
lin kt nhau thnh mt i tng duy nht.
Nt Nonassociative Nu ta chn nt ny th sau khi biu din mt ct s phn r thnh cc
i tng n
5) Nhp OK
S thi hnh lnh Bhatch - biu din k hiu mt ct trn min bao kn c chn.
12.1.3 TRNH T TO MT CT
1. Thc hin lnh Bhatch (H ).
2. Chn mu mt ct bng cch nhp nt [...] ca Pattern
3. Xc nh thuc tnh ca mu nh: nhp t l (Scale), ti (Angle) ta nhp gi tr gc nghing
ca ng gch gch so vi gc mc nh O0.
4. Chn min biu din mt ct bng cch chn nt Pick points hoc nt Select objects
5. Xem trc mt ct bng cch chn nt Preview .
6. Chn nt OK thc hin lnh Bhatch.
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Ch
Ta c th s dng lnh Hatch (-H) to mu mt ct cho ng bao kn bng cch nhp trn cc dng
nhc lnh nh sau:
Command: -H
Enter a pattern name or [?/Solid/User defined] <ANGLE>: Earth (nhp tn ca mu)
Specify a scale for the pattern <1.0000>: (nhp t l gch gch cho mu
Specify an angle for the pattern <0>: 45 (nhp gc nghing ca ng gch gch)
Select objects to define hatch boundary or <direct hatch>,
Select objects: (nhn Enter th ta c th chn cc im to thnh ng bao kn)
Retain polyline boundary? [Yes/No] <N>: (nhn s khng cn ng bao quanh mt ct; nhp Y
s cn ng bao quanh mt ct)
Specify start point: P1 (chn im u tin to ng bao kn cn gch
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Length/Undo]: Chn cc im tip theo P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9,
P10, P11, P12.
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Length/Undo]: Chn im cui cng P1 (hoc p C ng kn
ng bao v im u P1).
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Length/Undo]: (nhn Enter kt thc vic nhp im).
Specify start point for new boundary or <apply hatch>: (nhp im bt u cho ng bao mi
hoc nhn Enter thc hin vic gch biu din mt ct (hnh 12.10)
Hnh 12.10
CC TU CHN KHC
?
S lit k tn ca cc loi mu to sn cn chn
Solid (S)
T mu min cn gch
User defined Nhp gc nghing ca ng gch gch hp vi phng ca trc x hin
hnh.
12.3 HIU CHNH K HIU VT LIU TRN MT CT
12.2.1 Lnh Hatchedit
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu
Modify \ Hatch...
Screen Menu
MODIFY1 \ Hatchedt
G lnh
Hatchedit, HE
Toolbar
Modify2
Command: He
Select associative hatch object: Chn min gch gch cn hiu chnh. Lc ny xut hin hp
thoi Hatchedit (Hnh 12.11). hp thoi ny ta c th hiu chnh mt ct nh: chn mu
mi, thay i t l, nhp li gc nghing ca ng gch gch ...
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2005
Hnh 12.11
Hnh 12.12
117
2005
GHI V QUN L
CC KIU KCH THC
Chng 13
Khi thc hin mt bn v, ngoi cc hnh biu din ra ngi ta cn phi ghi kch thc nhm th
hin ln ca vt th c biu din, con s kch thc khng ph thuc vo t l ca hnh v.
13.1 CC THNH PHN CA KCH THC
Cc thnh phn ca kch thc gm c :
- ng kch thc (Dimension lines): Xc nh cc phn t c ghi kch thc.
- ng giong (Extension lines): Gii hn cc phn t c ghi kch thc.
- Con s kch thc (Dimension text): Th hin ln ca i tng c ghi kch thc.
- Mi tn (Arrowheads): ng kch thc c gii hn hai u bng hai mi tn (trong
cc bn v xy dng thng dng du gch xin thay cho mi tn); (hnh 13.1)
Arrowheads
(u mui tn)
Dimension text
(Con s kch thc)
Dimension lines
(ng kch thc)
Hnh 13.1
+ Cc thnh phn kch thc ny lin kt thnh mt i tng khi bin DIMASO = ON
+ Cc thnh phn kch thc ny khng lin kt thnh mt i tng khi bin DIMASO =
OFF
13.2 CC BC CHUN B TRC KHI GHI KCH THC
- To lp kch thc cho vic ghi kch thc (lnh Layer)
- To cc kiu ch cho vic ghi kch thc (lnh Text Style) .
- M ch truy bt im thng tr ENDpoint, INTtersection, QUAdrant nhm y nhanh
tin trnh truy bt cc im trn cc i tng cn ghi kch thc .
13.3 TO KIU KCH THC (lnh DIMSTYLE)
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu
Dimension\Style... hoc
Format\Dimension Style...
Screen Menu
Go lnh
Toolbar
DIMENSION \ Ddim
Dimension
Lnh Ddim dng to kiu kch thc v gn cc bin kch thc sao cho ph hp vi TCVN.
Sau khi gi lnh Ddim s xut hin hp thoi Dimension Style Manager (Hnh 13.2) .
13.3.1. TO KIU KCH THC MI
- Nhp nt New s xut hin hp thoi Create New Dimension Style (hnh 13.3). Trong hp
thoi ny ta t tn kiu kch thc mi (KT) vo New Style Name v kiu kch thc ny
l nhm kch thc cha (All dimensions) danh sch ca Use for
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Nhp nt Continue s xut hin hp thoi New Dimension Style: KT (hnh 13.4). trong hp
thoi ny c su tab t nm ngang pha trn
Hnh 13.2
Hnh 13.3
Hnh 13.4
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Hnh 13.5
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2005
b)
-
a)
b)
Hnh 13.6
Hnh 13.7
a)
b) Mark
Hnh 13.8
c) Line
d) None
2. TAB TEXT
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2005
Khi chn tab ny th xut hin trang mi ca hp thoi New Dimension Style: KT (hnh 13.9).
Ni dung trong tab ny l nh chiu cao ca con s kch thc v sp xp v tr ca n so vi
ng kch thc
a) Khung Text Appearance
- Text Style
Gn kiu vn bn hin hnh ghi kch thc. Nu cha to kiu vn bn
th hy nhp vo nt [...] s xut hin hp thoi to kiu vn bn Text Style:
t tn kiu KT, gn font cho kiu: isocp.shx (xem chng 11)
- Text Color
Dng gn mu cho con s kch thc, nn chn Bylayer
- Text height
Dng nh chiu cao cho con s kch thc.
- Draw Frame around Text V khung bao quanh ch s kch thc .
b) Khung Text Placement
Theo TCVN th con s kch thc c t trn ng kch thc v t vo khong gia ng
kch thc, v vy ta chn :
- Vertical
l Obove (trn)
- Horizontal l Center (gia)
- Offset from dimline Nhp h ca con s kch thc so vi ng kch thc
Hnh 13.9
Hnh 13.10
c) Khung Text Alignment
Dng canh l ch s kch thc hoc dng vn bn, trong khung ny c 3 nt:
- Horizontal
Vit con s kch thc lun lun nm ngang; khng ph hp vi TCVN nn
khng chn (hnh 13.10a)
- Aligned with dimension line c chn mc nh. Con s kch thc sp xp theo ng
kch thc ph hp vi TCVN (hnh 13.10b)
- ISO Standard c chn khi ghi kch thc cung trn hoc ng trn vi con s kch
thc nm trn gi ngang (hnh 13.10c)
3) TAB FIT
Khi chn tab ny th xut hin trang mi ca hp thoi New Dimension Style: KT (hnh 13.11).
Ni dung trong tab ny l iu khin ng kch thc, con s kch thc, mi tn kch thc so
vi khong cch gia hai ng ging v nh h s t l cho tt c cc bin kch thc, ...
a) Khung Fit Option
iu khin v tr ca con s, cc u mi tn nm bn trong hay bn ngoi ng ging, ph
thuc vo khong h gia hai ng ging
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2005
Hnh 13.11
Hnh 13.12
a)
b)
c)
b)
a)
Hnh 13.14
Hnh 13.13
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2005
a) Overall scale of =1
b) Overall scale of = 2
Hnh 13.15
d) Khung Fine Turning
Trong khung ny gm c 2 nt sau:
- Place text manually when dimensioning Dng t tu v tr ca con s kch thc
trn ng kch thc, thng dng khi ghi kch thc ng trn ; (hnh 13.16a)
- Allways draw dimline between ext lines
Dng chn ng kch thc gia hai
ng ging. Thng b du chn ny khi ghi kch thc ng trn c ng knh hoc bn
knh nh (hnh 13.16b)
4) TAB PRIMARY UNITS
Thit lp nh dng n v o di, n v o gc, s l thp phn, cc tip u ng, tip v ng
cho con s kch thc v t l o (hnh 13.17)
Hnh 13.16
a) Khung Linear Dimensions (Kch thc thng)
123
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Hnh 13.17
2005
Hnh 13.18
Hnh 13.19
Hnh 13.20
+ Round Off (Lm trn s)
Thit lp qui tt lm trn s cho vic ghi kch thc i vi cc kiu kch thc ngoi tr
gc, chng hn:
Nu nhp gi tr 0.25 th tt c kch thc c lm trn n 0.25 n v gn nht
Nu nhp gi tr 1 th AutoCAD lm trn cho tt c kch thc ti s nguyn gn nht
+ Prefix (tip u ng)
Dng nhp tip u ng trc con s kch thc; v d nhp %%C s hin th du hiu
ng knh f trc con s kch thc, ... (hnh 13.21)
+ Suffix (tip v ng)
Dng nhp tip v ng sau con s kch thc; v d nhp H12 sau con s kch thc s
hin th k hiu dung sai H12 sau con s kch thc; (hnh 13.21)
b) Khung Measurement Scale
Xc nh cc tu chn cho t l o.
+ Scale Factor (h s t l)
Nhp h s t l o kch thc cho tt c loi kch thc tr kch thc gc. Gi tr h
s t l ny c th nhp bng s nguyn hoc phn s th hin s ln tng (gim) ca kch
thc V d: Nu ta nhp h s t l ny bng 2 th AutoCAD o 1mm v (n v) hin
th thnh 2mm (n v); (hnh 13.22). Gi tr ny khng p dng c cho vic lm trn
s cng nh gi tr dung sai
+ Apply to layout dimensions only
(p dng t l ch cho cc kch thc layout)
Scale factor = 2
Hnh 13.21
Hnh 13.22
Scale factor = 1
(Mc nh)
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2005
Hnh 13.23
a) None
Hnh 13.24
b) Symmetrical c) Deviation
d) Limits
e) Basic
Hnh 13.25
-
Precision
Hin th v thit lp phn thp phn cho dung sai, thng chn ba s l 0.000
Upper Value v Lower Value: Nhp gi tr sai lch trn v sai lch di cho dung sai.
ny ch hin ln khi chn phng php ghi dung sai l Deviation hoc Limits
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Scaling for Height Th hin t s chiu cao gia ch s dung sai v ch s kch thc danh
ngha (thng nhp khong 0.7)
Vertical Position V tr ch s dung sai so vi ch s kch thc: Top (trn), Middle (gia),
Bottom (di). C th chn khi s dng phng php ghi dung sai l
Symmetrical, Deviation. hoc Lmits
b) Nhp OK
S tr v hp thoi ban u Dimension Style Manager (hnh 13.26).
Trong hp thoi ny xut hin kiu kch thc KT danh sch ca ca s Style (bn tri)
Hnh 13.26
Hnh 13.27
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2005
Hnh 13.28
-
Hnh 13.29
Aligned
Radius
Angular
Cont... Tolerance
Edit
Hnh 13.30
Dim update
Text Edit
Dim Style
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2005
Toolbar
Dimension
Lnh Dimlinear dng ghi kch thc thng nm ngang (Horizontal), thng ng (Vertical) v
quay ng kch thc (Rotated) nghing mt gc so vi trc x ca h to hin hnh.
Command: Dli
Specify first extension line origin or <select object>: Chn im P1 lm gc ng ging th
nht (hnh 13.31a)
(1)
- Specify second extension line origin: Chn im P2 lm gc ng ging th hai .
- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: Chn
mt im nh v tr ng kch thc, hoc nhp to tng i @0,-8 so vi gc P2.
Dimension text = 100 (dng ny AutoCAD 2000 t ng hin th)
V tr ng kch thc
a) Chn gc ng ging
V tr ng kch thc
Ch
Ngoi phng php chn hai im gc ng ging (Hnh 13.31a), ta cn s dng phng php chn i
tng (Hnh 13.31b). Khi ti dng nhc (1) u tin ta nhn phm Enter:
Command: Dli
Specify first extension line origin or <select object>:
Select object to dimension: Chn i tng ghi kch thc (hnh 13.31b)
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: Chn
mt im nh v tr ng kch thc.
(2)
Dimension text = 100 (dng ny AutoCAD 2000 t ng hin th)
CC TU CHN TI (2)
Rotated Tu chn ny cho php quay ng kch thc nghing so vi trc x mt gc
no (Hnh 13.32). Khi gc nghing ca ng kch thc thay i th con s
kch thc thay i theo th hin khong cch gia hai ng ging mi .
Hnh 13.32
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Command: Dli
Specify first extension line origin or <select object>:
Select object to dimension: Chn i tng ghi kch thc (chn on P1P2 ) .
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: R
Specify angle of dimension line <0>: Chn im th nht P1 (hnh 13.32a)
Specify second point: Chn im th hai P2.
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]: Chn
mt im bt k nh v tr ng kch thc .
Dimension text = 123 (dng ny AutoCAD 2000 t ng hin th)
Text
Mtext
Khoang 100
Hnh 13.34
Hnh 13.33
Angle
nh gc nghing cho ch s kch thc so vi trc x ca h to .
Horizontal
Ghi kch thc nm ngang .
Vertical
Ghi kch thc thng ng .
Toolbar
Dimension
Lnh Dimaligned dng ghi kch thc thng m ng kich thc song song vi on cn
ghi kch thc.
Command: Dal
Specify first extension line origin or <select object>:
Select object to dimension: Chn i tng cn ghi kch thc
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: Chn v tr P1 ghi kch thc
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Dimension text = 123 (dng ny AutoCAD 2000 t ng hin th); (hnh 13.35a)
a)
b)
Hnh 13.35
ghi kch thc ng knh ng trn nh (hnh 13.35b), ta lm nh sau :
Command: Dal
Specify first extension line origin or <select object>: (dng ny lun lun nhn enter)
Select object to dimension: Chn ng trn ghi kch thc
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: T
Enter dimension text <80>: %%C80 ; (%%C hin th du hiu ng knh trc con s
kch thc; k hiu ny khng ng cho kiu font ting Vit)
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: Chn v tr ca ng kch thc
(Chn im P1) ( Hnh 13.35b) .
CC TU CHN KHC
Mtext, Text, Angle ca lnh Dimaligned tng t nh trong lnh Dimlinear
13.4.2 CC LNH GHI KCH THC HNG TM
13.4.2.1 GHI KCH THC NG KNH (lnh Dimdiameter)
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu
Screen Menu
G lnh
Toolbar
Dimension \ Diameter DIMENSION \ Diameter Dimdiameter , ddi Dimension
Lmh Dimdiameter dng ghi kch thc ng knh ca ng trn .
Command: Ddi
- Select arc or circle: Chn ng trn cn ghi kch thc (Hnh 13.36)
Dimension text = 80 (dng ny AutoCAD 2000 t ng hin th);
- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]: Chn v tr ca ng kch thc .
a)
b)
c)
d)
Hnh 13.36
Ch
1. c kiu kch thc ghi mi tn bn trong (hnh 13.36a, c), thng ghi cho cc ng trn
c bn knh ln, th trong hp thoi Dimension Style Manager ta nguyn mc nh v chn li
cc nt chn nh sau :
Tab Text
- Khung Text Alignment + chn li
ISO Standard
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2005
( con s kch thc nm trn gi ngang)
Tab Fit
- Khung Fit option
- Khung Fine Turning
+ chn li
+ chn thm
Toolbar
Dimension
a)
b)
c)
Hnh 13.37
CC TU CHN KHC
Mtext, Text, Angle ca lnh Dimradius tng t nh trong lnh Dimlinear.
13.4.3 V DU TM HOC NG TM (lnh Dimcenter)
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu
Screen Menu
G lnh
Dimension \ Center Mark DIMENSION \ Center
Dimcenter hoc Dce
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Toolbar
Dimension
2005
Command: Dce
Select arc or circle: Chn cung trn hay ng trn cn ghi du tm hay ng tm
(Hnh 13.38)
a) Du tm (Center mark)
b) ng tm (Center line)
Hnh 13.38
13.4.4 GHI KCH THC GC (lnh Dimangular)
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu
Screen Menu
G lnh
Dimension \ Angular
DIMENSION \ Angular Dimangular , Dan
Toolbar
Dimension
a)
c)
Hnh 13. 39
2) Ghi kch thc gc - Chn nh, hai im trn hai cnh v v tr ghi.
Command: Dan
- Select arc, circle, line, or <specify vertex>: (dng ny lun lun nhn enter)
- Specify angle vertex: Chn nh gc - tm O ca ng trn ln (Hnh 13.39b) .
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b)
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2005
Toolbar
Dimension
Lnh Dimordinate dng ghi kch thc theo to ca im cn ghi kch thc. Khi ghi
kch thc theo to nn m cc ch SNAP, GRID, ORTHO.
Command: Dor
Specify feature location: Truy bt im P cn ghi kch thc (hnh 13.40) .
Specify leader endpoint or [Xdatum/Ydatum/Mtext/Text/Angle]: Chn im cui ca ng
dn.
(3)
Dimension text = 40 (dng ny AutoCAD2000 t ng hin th)
CC TU CHN KHC
Ti dng (3) ta c th s dng cc tu chn
+ Nu ti (3) ta nhp X th s ghi kch thc honh ca im chn .
+ Nu ti (3) ta nhp Y th s ghi kch thc tung ca im chn .
+ Nu ti (3) ta nhp M th cho php to on vn bn cui ng dn .
+ Nu ti (3) ta nhp T th cho php to cc dng vn bn cui ng dn
+ Nu ti (3) ta nhp A th cho php to gc nhging ca cc dng vn bn cui ng dn
so vi ng nm ngang
a)
b)
Hnh 13.40
Ch
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Command: Dba
Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]<Select>: Chn gc ng ging th
hai - Chn im P3 ....
Dimension text = 85 (dng ny AutoCAD 2000 t ng hin th)
Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]<Select>: Chn im P4...
Dimension text = 130 (dng ny AutoCAD 2000 t ng hin th)
Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]<Select>: Tip tc chn gc ng
ging th hai P5, P6... ri nhn Enter kt thc Hnh 13.41a) .
a)
b)
Hnh 13.41
Command: Dba
Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]<Select>: (hoc nhp S)
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Toolbar
Dimension
Lnh Dimcontinue dng ghi chui kch thc m cc ng kch thc ni tip nhau
Select continued
b)
a)
Hnh 13.42
Command: Dco
Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]<Select>: Xc nh gc ng ging
th hai - im P3 .
Dimension text = 80(dng ny AutoCAD 2000 t ng hin th)
Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]<Select>: Xc nh gc ng ging
th hai - im P4... (hnh 13.42a)
Dimension text = 60(dng ny AutoCAD 2000 t ng hin th)
Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select]<Select>:
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2005
Ghi chui kch thc song song hoc ni tip i vi lnh Dimangualar ghi gc cng thc hin vi
trnh t hon ton tng t nh trn .
Command: Qdim
Select geometry to dimension: Chn i tng cn ghi kch thc 1
Select geometry to dimension: Chn tip cc i tng 2,3,4,... cn ghi kch thc hoc
nhn ENTER kt thc vic chn
3
4
2
Hnh 13.43
Hnh 13.44
1
1
3
2
5
4
Hnh 13.45
Hnh 13.46
136
Edit
2005
Ch
Cc vung trn cc i tng l cc im chn i tng ghi kch thc
(5)
(6)
(7)
G lnh
QLeader hoc Le
Toolbar
Dimension
137
(8)
2005
P2
Mai b mt
P1
Hnh 13.47
Hnh 13.48
1. TAB ANNOTATION
Tab ny c ba khung: Annotation Type, Annotation Reuse ln lt c xt sau y:
a) Khung Annotation Type
Chn kiu ch thch dng vn bn vo cui ng dn
MText
Dng nhc to ra l on vn bn Mtext
Copy an Object Dng nhc sao chp on vn bn Mtext, Text, dung sai, Block c sn
trn bn v vo cui ng dn
Tolerance
Hin th hp thoi Geometric Tolerance (hnh 13.49), y ta c th
chn k hiu ti Sym, nhp sai lch hnh dng v v tr ti
Tolerance... Chng c gn vo cui ng dn
Block Reference Cho php chn mt Block vo cui ng dn
None
To ra ng dn khng c dng ch thch no.
Hnh 13.49
b) Khung MText Options
GVC ThS. Nguyn
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P2
0.01
P1
Hnh 13.50
Hnh 13.51
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2005
Khi chn Tab ny s xut hin trang mi ca hp thoi Leader Settings (hnh 13.52a). Trang
ny dng lin kt vn bn Mtext vo cui ng dn hng bn tri hay cui ng dn
hng bn phi; nu ln lt nh du chn ct tri hayu ct phi.
-
a)
Hnh 13.52
13.7 GHI DUNG SAI HNH DNG V V TR (lnh Tolerance)
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu
Screen Menu
G lnh
Dimension \ Tolerance...
DIMENSION \ Toleranc Tolerance , Tol
Toolbar
Dimension
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Hnh 13.53
Hnh 13.54
.002
Du hiu ng kinh
A
iu kin vt liu
Hnh 13.55
Trnh t vic ghi dung sai nh sau:
- Gi lnh Tolerance s xut hin hp thoi Geometric Tolerance
- Nhp vung di nt Sym s xut hin hp thoi Symbol
- Trong hp thoi Symbol (hnh 13.54) ta chn k hiu dung sai th k hiu s xut hin ti
Sym ca hp thoi Geometric Tolerance (hnh 13.56)
Hnh 13.56
Hnh 13.57
- Trong khung Tolerance1, nhp vung mu en bn tri s cho du hiu (ng knh),
nhp gi tr dung sai vo hnh ch nht mu trng, nhp vung mu en bn phi s xut
hin hp thoi Material Condition (hnh 13.57) chn iu kin vt liu (M)
0,05
0,02
0,01
a)
b)
Hnh 13.58
141
2005
Trong :
M iu kin vt liu ti a
L
iu kin vt liu ti thiu
S
Kch thc vt liu ti thiu
- Nhp chun dung sai (A) mu trng ca Datum 1
- Nhp OK
Sau y l v d v cch ghi dung sai phng (hnh 13.58a); dung sai song song v
dung sai tr (Hnh 13.58b)
13.8 HIU CHNH CH S KCH THC
13.8.1 LNH DIMTEDIT
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu
Dimension \ Align Text >
Screen Menu
DIMENSION \ Dimtedit
G lnh
Dimtedit hoc Dimted
Toolbar
Dimension
Command: Dimtedit
Select Dimension: Chn kch thc cn hiu chnh .
Specify new location for dimension text or [Left/Right/Center/Home/Angle]: Chn v tr mi
ca ch s kch thc cn di n (hoc nhp cc tu chn L, R, C, H, A). Tu chn Home
s a ch s kch thc tr v v tr ban u nu trc dng tu chn Angle
(Hnh 13.59) .
a) Left
c) Angle= 900
b) Right
d) Home
Hnh 13.59
13. 8.2 LNH DIMEDIT
Cch gi lnh nh sau:
Pull - down menu
Screen Menu
Dimension \ Oblique
DIMENSION \ Dimedit
G lnh
Dimedit hoc Dimed
Toolbar
Dimension
a)Home
b) New
c) Rotate
Hnh 13.60
142
d) Oblique =300
2005
Oblique
Hnh 13.61
Dng v cc ng ging nghing so vi ng chun mt gc no
(Hnh 14.62a). Tu chn ny thng dng ghi kch thc trn hnh
chiu trc o. (Hnh 14.62b). Khi p O s xut hn dng nhc:
- Select objects: Chn kch thc cn hiu chnh .
- Select objects: Chn tip kch thc cn hiu chnh hoc nhn Enter
kt thc tu chn .
- Enter obliquing angle (press ENTER for none): Nhp gi tr gc
nghing ca ng ging so vi ng chun nm ngang (300,
1500,...)
Hnh 13.62
13.9 HIU CHNH KCH THC LIN KT
13.9.1 LNH PROPERTIES, DDCHPROP, CH, MO,
PROPS, Ctrl+1,
Lnh Properties dng thay i tnh cht v tt c cc
bin kch thc, thay i ni dung ca ch s kch thc .
Trnh t thc hin hiu chnh nh sau:
- Ti dng nhc command ta chn kch thc cn hiu
chnh
Hnh 13.63
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2005
Hnh 13.64
13.9.3 PH V KCH THC LIN KT (lnh Explode, X)
Kch thc lin kt l mt i tng duy nht, trong mt vi trng hp ta cn phi ph v
chng thnh cc i tng n ring l dng cho cc ng dng khc nhau nh biu din mi
tn bn cnh nt ct c th s dng mi tn ghi kch thc c kch thc mi tn ln, ghi dung
sai hnh dng v v tr ca cc chi tit ...
Command: X
Select objects: chn kch thc cn phn r
Select objects: tip tc chn hoc nhn enter kt thc.
Ch
Nu bin DIMASO = OFF th khi ghi kch thc cc thnh phn ca kch thc c phn r thnh cc
i tng n.
======================
GVC ThS. Nguyn
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2005
THNH LP BAN V MU
Hnh 14.1
Hnh 14.2
145
2005
Nhp OK s xut hin hp thoi Quick Setup (Hnh 14.4). Trong hp thoi ny ta chn n
v o l Decimal
Nhp Next s xut hin trang mi nhm nh gii hn bn v (gi s 100A1= 84100,59400)
Ta nhp chiu ngang ca gii hn bn v ti Width = 84100
Nhp chiu ng ca gii hn bn v vo Length = 59400 (Hnh 14.5).
Nhp Finish .
Sau khi thc hin cc lnh nh gii hn bn v, ta tin hnh gi lnh Zoom vi tu chn All
nhn thy c ton b gii hn bn v trn mn hnh:
Command: Z
- Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents
/Previous/Scale/Window] <real time>: A
Hnh 14.3
Hnh 14.4
Hnh 14.5
Hnh 14.6
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2005
Gi lnh St to cc kiu ch , gn font v chiu cao cho ch, ... Chiu cao ca ch ph thuc
vo gii hn bn v (xem li chng 11 - Nhp vn bn vo bn v ) .
7) TO CC KIU KCH THC CHO BN V
Gi lnh D to cc kiu kch thc v gn cc bin kch thc cho cc kiu kch thc
nh: ng ging, ng kch thc, mi tn, chiu cao con s kch thc... (xem chng 13 Ghi v qun l cc kiu kch thc) .
8) V GII HN BN V V KHUNG TN
9)
-
1)
2)
3)
m bn v mu ta gi lnh New s xut hin hp thoi Create New Drawing (hnh 14.6)
Chn tab Use a Template
Trong danh sch ca Select a Template ta chn mt file bn v mu cn m
Nhp OK - Lc ny nhng g ta to sn s sao chp ra ton b
V i tng trn bn v va sao chp ra.
Ri lu trong th mc AutoCAD2000 vi phn m rng .DWG
========================
147
2005
CC LNH V 2
Chng 15
Trong chng 3 trnh by cc lnh v i tng n nh: Line, Arc, Circle ...; v cc lnh v
cc i tng phc nh: Spline, Pline, Polygon, Ellipe, Rectang, ... Ngoi ra ta cn c lnh
Mline v cc ng thng song song, lnh Sketch dng v pht tho bng tay,... Trong
chng ny ta s trnh by thm cc lnh v .
15.1 V NG THNG V HN HAI U (lnh Xline)
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu
Screen Menu
G lnh
Draw \ Construction line
Draw1 \ Xline
Xline, Xl
Toolbar
Draw
Command: Xl
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: Chn im bt u (P1).
(1)
Specify through point: Chn im th hai m Xline s i qua (chn im P2 truy bt tm ca
ng trn) .
Specify through point: Tip tc chn im m Xline s i qua hoc nhn Enter kt thc
(Hnh 15.1a) .
P2
P1
P2
P1
a)
b)
Hnh 15.1
P2
c)
P1
CC TU CHN TI (1)
Hor
Ver
Ang
Command: Xl
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: A
Enter angle of xline (0) or [Reference]: 30 (Nhp gc nghing ca ng Xline1)
(Hnh 15.2a)
(2)
Specify through point: Chn im P3 m Xline i qua
Specify through point: Chn tip im m Xline i qua hoc nhn Enter kt thc .
Command: Xl
Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: A
148
GVC ThS. Nguyn
2005
Hnh 15.2
Screen Menu
DRAW1 \ Ray
G lnh
Ray
Toolbar
Draw
Lnh Ray dng v tia (na ng thng), thng dng v hnh chiu cnh theo phng
php trnh by trong hnh hc ho hnh. Nu dng lnh Trim hoc Break xn mt u v
hn th ng Ray tr thnh ng Line.
Command: Ray
- Specify start point: Chn im bt u ca Ray (P1) .
- Specify through point: Chn im th hai m Ray i qua (P2)
- Specify through point: Tip tc chn im th hai m Ray i qua hoc nhn Enter kt
thc.(Hnh 15.3)
P2
Hnh 15.3
P1
149
2005
Command: Sketch
Record increment <1.0000>:Nhp gi tr bc tng ca phn on thng (hnh 15.4)
Sketch . Pen eXit Quit Record Erase Connect: p ch hoa cho cc tu chn
(3)
CC TU CHN TI (3)
Record increment Gi tr bc tng ca cc phn on thng, n quyt nh mn ca
ng Sketch , gi tr ny cng nh th mn cng tng (mc nh l 1).
Pen
Khi nhp nt tri chut ln 1 th bt h xung (Pen down) v ta c th v, khi
nhp nt tri chut ln 2 th nng bt ln (pen up) dng vic v.
eXit
Ghi li tt c cc ng v v thot ra khi lnh Sketch .
Quit
Thot ra khi lnh Sketch v khng ghi li tt c cc ng v
Record
Ghi li tt c cc ng v tm thi thnh cc ng c nh .
Erase
Cho php xo mt phn ca ng bt u t v tr cui cng n mt im tu
ta chn trn dng Sketch.
Connect Cho php v ni im cui ca ng Sketch sau khi nht bt ln (pen up).
a) Increment = 0 .1
b) Increment = 10 (ORTHO OFF)
c) Increment = 10 ( ORTHO ON )
Hnh 15.4
Ch
Khi v pht tho bng lnh Sketch th trng thi ORTHO ch OFF.
Toolbar
Draw
Lnh Mline (Multiline) dng v nhiu ng thng song song xut hin mt ln, mi ng
l mt thnh phn (element) ca Mline. Ti a to c 16 thnh phn .
Command: Ml
Current settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 20.00, Style = STANDARD
Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: Nhp im u ca Mline
Specify next point: Nhp im tip theo ca Mline
150
(4)
2005
k = - 0.5
Hng ve
Hnh 15.5
Ch
-
Nu kch thc trn hnh v ghi thnh phn bn tri hng v th ta chn canh l Justification l
Top (hnh 15.6a)
Nu kch thc ghi thnh phn bn phi hng v th ta chn canh l Bottom (hnh 15.6b)
Nu kch thc ghi thnh phn tm hng v th ta chn canh l Zero (hnh 15.6c)
a)
b)
c)
Hnh 15.6
(1')
V d
Nu khong cch gia hai ng thng song song trn hnh v cho D = 220mm
th phi nhp Scale = 220.
- Nu Mline c thm hai thnh phn mi na v gi khong cch chp song song gia
mi thnh phn mi ny n thnh phn ng tm l k th cc thnh phn mi ny
cng cng Scale nh hai thnh phn bin ngoi cng c chn.
Gi D' l khong cch gia hai ng thng song song mi i xng qua ng tm
cho trn hnh v. Th gia D', k v Scale ca Mline c tnh theo cng thc sau:
D' = Scale x (2k) = 2kD
(2')
T cng thc (2') ta xc nh c khong cch chp song song k t mi thnh phn
mi n ng tm c tnh theo cng thc sau:
GVC ThS. Nguyn
151
k=
2005
D'
2.D
(3')
P3
P4
V D
S dng lnh Mline hy v li (hnh 15.7).
Gi s hng v bt u i t P1 ri n P2, P3,
P4, P5, P6; ri sau i t P8, P9, P10 ta thc
hin vic thit lp nh sau :
P2
P1
P9
P10
P8
P7
P5
P6
Hnh 15.7
Command: Ml
Current settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 20.00, Style = STANDARD
Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: S ( chn li t l)
Enter mline scale <20.00>: 220
(Nhp t l mi bng khong cch D)
Current settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 220.00, Style = STANDARD
Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: J
( nh li canh l chun)
Enter justification type [Top/Zero/Bottom] <top>: T (Canh l bn tri hng v)
Current settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 220.00, Style = STANDARD
Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: Chn im P1.
Specify next point: 1000 - Nhp trc tip - im P2
Specify next point or [Undo]: 4600
- Nhp trc tip - cho im P3
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 7000 - Nhp trc tip - cho im P4
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 4600 - Nhp trc tip - cho im P5
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 4500 - Nhp trc tip - cho im P6
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
Command: Ml
Current settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 220.00, Style = STANDARD
Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: J
( nh li canh l chun)
Enter justification type [Top/Zero/Bottom] <top>: B (Canh l bn phi hng v)
Current settings: Justification = Bottom, Scale = 220.00, Style = STANDARD
Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]: fro of (phng thc truy bt From)
Base point: Truy bt m P7 lm chun
<Offset>: @-3000,0
; nhp im P8 cn xc nh
Specify next point: 3000 - Nhp trc tip - cho im P9
Specify next point or [Undo]: 2200
- Nhp trc tip - cho im P10
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:
- Kt thc
152
2005
Screen Menu
DRAW1 \ Mline\Mlstyle:
G lnh
Mlstyle
Lnh Mlstyle dng to kiu Mline v gn tnh cht cho kiu Mline. Sau khi gi lnh s xut
hin hp thoi Multiline Styles (Hnh 15.8) .
TRNH T THC HIN NH SAU:
1) T TN MI CHO KIU MLINE
- Bi chn ch Standard Name
- Go tn mi ML5 cho kiu Mline 5 thnh phn.
- Nhp nt Add th kiu ML5 s thm vo danh sch ca Current pha trn v tr thnh kiu
hin hnh ca danh sch ny; (Hnh 15.9) .
Hnh 15.8
Hnh 15.9
Hnh 15.10
-
Hnh 15.11
Nhp nt Add thm mt thnh phn 0.0 vo danh sch khung ca s ca Mline
v thnh phn ny ang c chn.
Ti offset ta nhp khong cch k cho mi thnh phn so vi ng tm. Gi tr k c tnh
theo cng thc (3') nu tr;, gi s y ta nhp s tu : k = 0.4
153
2005
Nhp nt Add tr li gn gi tr k va nhp cho thnh phn 0.0 trn. Lc ny xut hin
thm mt thnh phn 0.0 mi (hnh 15.11)
Gn mu cho thnh phn c chn: Nn chn mu theo Bylayer (hoc nhp nt Color... s
xut hin hp thoi Select Color y ta chn mu cn gn cho thnh phn ri OK).
Gn dng ng cho thnh phn c chn : Nn chn dng ng theo Bylayer (hoc nhp
nt Linetype... s xut hin hp thoi Select Linetype, nhp tip nt Load... s xut hin hp
thoi Load or Reload Linetype, trong hp thoi ny ta chn loi ng cn ti. Nhp OK ri
chn li dng ng va ti, nhp tip OK tr v hp thoi Element Properties)
Tng t, chn thnh phn cn li 0.0 ri gn cc tnh cht cho n nh: k = - 0.4,...
xo mt thnh phn tha ra khi danh sch cc thnh phn trong ca s, ta chn thnh
phn ri nhp nt Delete
Nhp nt OK s tr v hp thoi ban u Multiline Styles, trong hp thoi ny hin th hnh
nh ca cc thnh phn va to cho kiu ML5 (hnh 15.12)
b) Nt Multiline Properties...
Khi chn nt ny s xut hin hp thoi Multiline Properties (Hnh 15.13). Trn hp thoi ny ta
nh dng cc nh v cc u mt ca ng Mline
Hnh 15.12
Hnh 15.13
Caps.
Fill
OK
154
2005
a) No Caps
Hnh 15.15
Hnh 15.16
Hnh 15.17
Hnh 15.18
GVC ThS. Nguyn
Hnh 15.19
155
2005
P2
P4
P3
hnh 15.20
T khong cch gia hai ng bin cho D= 420 nn ta nhp Scale = 420
T khong cch D' = 300 cho trn (hnh 15.20), theo cng thc (3') ta tnh c khong
cch k ca thnh phn bin mi n ng tm nh sau:
k = D'/ (2 x Scale) = 300/ (2 x 420) = 0.357
Hy thay i gi tr k= 0.4 to sn thnh k= 0.375, trnh t thc hin nh sau:
Hnh 15.21
Hnh 15.22
156
2005
G lnh
Mledit
Toolbar
Modify2
Lnh Mledit dng hiu chnh ng Mline v. Sau khi gi lnh s xut hin hp thoi
Multiline Edit Tools (Hnh 15.23). Trong hp thoi ny c 12 mu khc nhau hiu chnh
ng Mline v c chia thnh 4 nhm ct. Ta chn 1 trong 12 mu khc nhau hiu chnh
Hnh 15.23
1) NHM CT 1 - CH THP (CROSSES)
Chn 1 trong 3 mu khc nhau hp thoi Multiline Edit Tools hiu chnh thnh dng ch
thp (Crosses): Closed cross, Open cross, Merged cross (Hnh 15.25) .
ML1
ML1
ML2
5 Elements
Closed cross
ML1
ML2
Open cross
ML2
Merged cross
Hnh 15.24
Trnh t thc hin vic hiu chnh nh sau:
- Chn mu cn hiu chnh trn nhm ct th nht ca hp thoi (hnh 15.23).
- Nhp OK s xut hin dng nhc sau :
+ Select first mline: Chn ng Mline th nht (ML1) .
+ Select second mline: Chn ng Mline th hai (ML2) .
GVC ThS. Nguyn
157
2005
+ Select first mline or [Undo]: Tip tc chn cp ng Mline th nht v th hai khc
hiu chnh hoc nhn Enter kt thc (hnh 15.24b).
2) NHM CT 2 - CH T (TEES)
Chn 1 trong 3 mu khc nhau hp thoi Multiline Edit Tools hiu chnh thnh dng ch T
(Tees) : Closed Tee, Open Tee, Merged Tee (Hnh 15.25) .
5 Elements
ML2
ML1
ML2
ML1
ML2
ML1
Open Tee
Merged Tee
Closed Tee
b) Sau khi hiu chnh Closed, Open, Merged
Hnh 15.25
Ch
Khi hiu chnh ch T, ti dng " Select first mline " ta chn chn ch T trc sau mi chn cnh
Trnh t thc hin vic hiu chnh nh mc trn.
3) NHM CT 3
a) To gc (Corners)
Chn mu th nht trong nhm ct 3 ca hp thoi Multiline Edit Tools hiu chnh thnh cc
dng gc khc nhau (Corners) (Hnh 15.26) bng cch chn hai cnh ca gc
Trnh t thc hin vic hiu chnh tng t nh trn. Cnh no ca Mline c chn th cnh
c gi li to thnh gc.
ML1
ML2
Corner
5 Elements
5 element
a) Trc khi thm nh
Add Vertex
b) Sau khi thm nh
Hnh 15.27
158
2005
Select Multiline (or Undo): Nhn Enter kt thc vic chn (Hnh 15.27).
Command: Chn li Mline cn to nh, s xut hin cc GRIPS mu xanh trn i tng .
Command: Cn to nh ti xanh no trn Mline th ta chn xanh , lc ny s xut hin
mu (Hot Grips) dnh vi giao im ca hai si tc. Di chuyn giao im ca hai si tc
n v tr no th Mline s to nh ti v tr
c) Xo nh (Delete Vertex)
TRNH T THC HIN XO NH NH SAU :
a) Trc khi xo nh
b) Sau khi xo nh
Hnh 15.28
4) NHM CT 4 (Ct Mline)
Nhm ct 4 gm c 3 mu
Cut Single Dng ct tng ng thnh phn ca Mline bng cch chn hai im P1, P2
trn cng mt thnh phn
Cut All
Dng ct tt c cc ng thnh phn ca Mline bng cch chn hai im
P1; P2 trn mt thnh phn ca Mline (Hnh 15.29) .
Weld All
Dng hn tt c cc ng ca Mline ct, bng cch chn hai im P1,P2
trn thnh phn ca Mline b ct (Hnh 15.30) .
Sau khi chn mt trong hai mu u ca nhm ct 4 hp thoi Multiline Edit Tools hiu
chnh, s xut hin dng nhc sau :
- Select mline: Chn ng mline cn ct v im chn ny s im u tin ca on ct (P1).
- Select second point: Nhp im th hai P2 ca on ct tng i so vi P1.
P1
P2
P1
P2
P1
P2
P1
P2
P1
P2
2 Element
3 Element
P2
P1
P1
P2
P1
P1
5 Element
a)
P2
P2
Cut
b)
Cut
P2
P1
P2
2005
a) Trc khi hn
Screen Menu
DRAW2 \ Region
G lnh
Region, Reg
Toolbar
Draw
Hnh 15.31
Command: Reg
Select objects: Chn i tng cn to thnh min .
Select objects: Tip tc chn i tng hoc nhn Enter kt thc .
G lnh
Uni
Toolbar
Modfy2
Lnh Union dng hp cc min thnh min thnh phn. u tin thc hin lnh Region
chuyn cc i tng thnh min, sau thc hin lnh Union .
Command: Uni
Select objects: Chn cc min thnh phn (c hai ng trn) (Hnh 15.32)
Select objects: Tip tc chn cc min thnh phn hoc nhn Enter kt thc .
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2005
a) Trc Union
b) Sau Union
Hnh 15.32
G lnh
Su
Toolbar
Modfy2
Lnh Subtract dng hiu cc min. u tin thc hin lnh Region chuyn cc i tng
thnh min, sau thc hin lnh Subtract .
Command: Su
Select solids and regions to subtract from ...
- Select objects: Chn min b tr (ng trn 1) (Hnh 15.33)
- Select objects:
Select solids and regions to subtract...
- Select objects: Chn min tr (ng trn 2)
- Select objects:
1
G lnh
In
Toolbar
Modfy2
Lnh Intersect dng giao cc min thnh min. u tin thc hin lnh Region chuyn
cc i tng thnh min, sau thc hin lnh Intersect .
a ) Trc Intersect
b ) Sau Interrsect
Hnh 15.34
GVC ThS. Nguyn
161
Hnh 15.35
Khoa S pham Ky thut
2005
Command: In
Select objects: Chn min thnh phn (ng trn 1) (Hnh 15.34)
Select objects: Tip tc chn min thnh phn khc (ng trn 2).
Select objects: Tip tc chn min thnh phn hoc nhn Enter kt thc
Toolbar
Draw
Lnh Boundary dng to ng bao Pline (hoc region) c hnh dng l mt ng bao kn
t cc i tng c sn trn bn v, cc i tng gc khng b mt i. ng Boundary bao
gm cc i tng kn bn trong nh: circle hoc pline kn.
Command: Bo
S xut hin hp thoi Boundary Creation (Hnh 15.35);
Nhp nt Pick point s xut hin dng nhc lnh:
Select internal point: Chn im P1 nm bn trong min kn cn to ng bao cha n.
Select internal point:
Tip theo thc hin lnh Copy (hoc Move) sao chp hoc di ng bao va to n
v tr mi ta thu c mt a tuyn kn
Command: Co
Select objects: Chn ng Boundary va to - hnh nt t (hnh 15.36a) .
Select objects:
Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]: Chn im chun tu .
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: nhp to im
sao chp n (hnh 15.36b).
a) To Boundary
=======================
162
2005
Trong bn v k thut c nhiu nhm i tng ging nhau, chng hn nh: ai c, bulng,
vt..., ca ra vo, ca s, bn tm, lavabo, ...; t in, in tr,... gim thi gian cho vic v i
v li cc thnh phn ca nhm, ngi ta ch v cc thnh phn ca nhm ny mt ln ri lin
kt chng thnh mt khi duy nht bng lnh Block (hoc Bmake); sau s dng lnh Insert
(hoc Ddinsert) chn khi ny ra mt v tr bt k trong bn v hin hnh vi t l theo cc
phng trc X,Y khc nhau v c th quay khi va chn quanh im chn mt gc thch hp.
chn mt khi (Block) hoc mt s i tng (objects) ca bn v hin hnh vo mt bn v
bt k khc sau ny - th ta phi ghi (xut) khi hoc cc i tng trn bn v hin hnh
thnh file bng cch s dng lnh Wblock hoc Export; sau chn file bn v ny vo bt k
bn v no khc ang m bng cch s dng lnh Insert.
16.1 TO KHI (lnh Block, Bmake)
.
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu
Screen Menu
Draw \ Block>\ Bmake...
Draw2 \ Bmake
G lnh
Bmake, B, Block
Toolbar
Draw
Lnh Block (Bmake) dng lin kt cc i tng v ring l thnh mt khi. Sau khi gi lnh
s xut hin hp thoi Block Definition (Hnh 16.1)
P
im chun
Hnh 16.2
Hnh 16.1
TRNH T TO KHI
1) Nhp tn khi (CUA) vo son tho Name; tn khi khng c di qu 255 k t bao gm
ch s, du, khong trng v cc k t c bit.
2) Chn im chun chn trn khi.
- Nhp nt Pick Point lc ny hp thoi mt v xut hin dng nhc sau :
- Insertion base point: Chn im P trn i tng to khi lm im chun chn (hnh 16.2)
Lc ny xut hin hp thoi Block Definition v hin th to im chn P cc X, Y,Z bn
tri pha di nt Pick Point (Hnh 16.3).
3) Chn cc i tng to thnh khi:
- Nhp nt Select objects lc ny hp thoi mt v xut hin dng nhc sau :
- Select objects:
Chn cc i tng to thnh khi (chn c hnh 16.2).
- Select objects: S xut hin hp thoi Block Definition tr li .
4) Nhp nt OK kt thc vic to khi
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CC NT TU CHN KHC
a) KHUNG OBJECTS
Retain
Tn ti i tng chn trn mn hnh sau khi to thnh khi
Convert to block Lin kt cc i tng chn thnh mt nhm sau khi to thnh khi.
Delete
Xo i tng chn sau khi to thnh khi
Nt Quick select Hin th hp thoi Quick Select dng chn nhanh .
Hnh 16.3
b) KHUNG XEM TRC BIU TNG - PREVIEW ICON
- Do Not include an icon
Khng to ra hnh nh biu tng ca khi.
- Create icon from block geometry To ra hnh nh biu tng ca khi.
c) DANH SCH N V CHN - INSERT UNITS
Chn n v cho khi (block) trong trng hp khi c s thay i t l khi ko t th vin
AutoCAD Design center vo bn v
d) CA S M T - DESCRIPTION
Nhp cc dng m t v lin kt vi block c nh ngha
Ch
C th to khi bng cch dng lnh -Block (- B) sau:
Command: -B
- Enter block name or [?]: Nhp tn khi (CUA)
- Specify insertion base point: Xc nh im chun chn trn i tng cn to khi (P)
- Select objects: Chn i tng to thnh khi.
- Select objects: Chn tip i tng to thnh khi hoc nhn Enter kt thc
Lc ny i tng to thnh khi khng cn thy trn mn hnh na.
G lnh
Insert, I , DdInsert
Toolbar
Draw
Lnh Insert (Ddinsert) dng chn khi (Block) vo mt v tr bt k trn bn v hin hnh
vi t l tu v quay xung quanh mt im chn mt gc tu . Khi gi lnh Insert (Ddinsert)
s xut hn hp thoi Insert (Hnh 16.4) .
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Hnh 16.4
Hnh 16.5
Nu h s t l theo phng X< 0 th khi chn s i xng qua trc tung i qua im chn .
Nu h s t l theo phng Y< 0 th khi chn s i xng qua trc honh i qua im chn.
V d
S dng lnh Block to khi CUA (hnh 16.6a) ri s dng lnh Insert chn vo cc v tr
A,B,C,D,E nh (hnh 16.6b) sau s dng lnh Aligned lp kht vo cc l (hnh 16.6c).
165
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b)
c)
Hnh 16.6
Command: Minsert
Enter block name or [?] <CUA>: Nhp tn khi cn chn.
Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]: Chn im
chn n.
- Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1>: Nhp h s t l theo
phng X
- Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>: Nhp h s t l theo phng Y hoc nhn Enter
nhn h s t l mc nh Y = X
- Specify rotation angle <0>: Nhp gc quay ca mng khi chn so vi im chn .
- Enter number of rows (---) <1>: Nhp s hng ca mng (2 hng)
- Enter number of columns (|||) <1>: Nhp s ct ca mng.(3 ct)
- Enter distance between rows or specify unit cell (---): Nhp khong cch gia cc hng
(1500)
- Specify distance between columns (|||): Nhp khong cch gia cc ct (1600)
Trn (hnh 16.7) s dng lnh Minsert chn khi CUA vi 2 hng 3 ct .
Hnh 16.7
16.4 CHN KHI TI CC IM CHIA (lnh Divide, Measure)
Hai lnh ny trnh by chng 3- cc lnh v c bn
16.4.1 LNH DIVIDE, DIV
Dng chia i tng ra lm n phn bng nhau, ti mi im chia l Block
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V d
Trong bn v kh A3, cho on thng ng c chiu cao 3mm (hnh 16.8a) v on thng c
chiu di 90mm (hnh 16.8b). Hy to block c tn Han cho on thng 3mm ri dng lnh
Divide chn khi vo on 90mm c hnh (hnh 16.8c)
a)
b)
c)
Hnh 16.8
Command: Div
Select object to divide: Chn on thng cn chia (on 90mm)
Enter the number of segments or [Block]: B (s dng la chn Block)
Enter name of block to insert: Han (nhp tn khi cn chn)
Align block with object? [Yes/No] <Y>: (quay khi theo i tng khng ? thng l
quay)
Enter the number of segments: 30 (Nhp s on cn chia: 30 =90/3)
a)
b)
c)
Hnh 16.9
Command: Me
Select object to measure: Chn on cong cn chia
Specify length of segment or [Block]: B
Enter name of block to insert: Tluy (nhp tn ca block cn chn)
Align block with object ? [Yes/No] <Y>: (C quay block khi chn khng)
Specify length of segment: 6 (nhp chiu di mi on chia 6mm l khong cch gia hai
khi)
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Hnh 16.10
Hnh 16.11
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2005
Lnh Export xut khi hoc cc i tng ca bn v hin hnh thnh file. Trnh t thc hin
nh sau:
- Gi lnh Export s xut hin hp thoi Export Data (Hnh 16.12).
- Chn kiu lu danh sch ko xung Save as type : Block (*.dwg)
- Nhp tn file vo son tho File name : CUA
- Nhp nt Save s xut hin dng nhc:
- Enter name of existing block or [= (block = output file) / * (whole drawing)] <define new
drawing>:
(1)
Hnh 16.12
C BA TRNG HP
1) Nu tn file CUA va t trng vi tn khi to th ti dng (1) ta nhp du bng ( = ).
2) Nu tn file CUA va t khc vi tn khi to. C hai trng hp xy ra:
- Nu ti dng (1) ta nhp du du hoa th ri nhn enter (* ) lc ny tt c cc i tng
trn bn v hin hnh c ghi thnh file CUA
- Nu ti dng (1) ta nhn enter ( ) th ta c th ghi mt s i tng trn bn v hin hnh
thnh file CUA v cc dng nhc sau s xut hin:
+ Specify insertion base point : Chn im chun chn
+ Select objects: Chn i tng cn ghi thnh file CUA
+ Select objects: Chn tip i tng cn ghi thnh file CUA hoc nhn Enter kt thc
Lc ny i tng cn to thnh file CUA khng cn thy trn mn hnh. Ta c th chn file
CUA ny vo bt k file bn v no khc sau ny.
16.7 HIU CHNH KHI (lnh properties, ch, mo, ctrl+1)
Trnh t thc hin vic hiu chnh block nh sau:
1. Chn khi cn hiu chnh s xut hin Grips mu xanh trn i
tng.
2. Gi lnh Properties s xut hin hp thoi Properties - Drawing1
(hnh 16.13), trong hp thoi ny ta c th thay i:
+ Mu (color)
+ Lp (layer)
+ Dng ng (Linetype)
+ Chiu rng nt (Lineweight)
+ To im chn (Position X,Y)
+ T l chn theo cc trc (Scale X,Y,Z)
+ Tn lp (Name)
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Hnh 16.13
Khoa S pham Ky thut
2005
a)
Hnh 16.14
b)
Hnh 16.15
170
2005
+ Height
Nhp gi tr chiu cao ca vn bn thuc tnh (5) (hnh 16.14) hoc chn nt
Height nhp chiu cao ca thuc tnh dng lnh trn mn hnh
+ Rotation
Nhp gi tr gc nghing ca vn bn thuc tnh (0) hoc chn nt Rotation
nhp gc nghing ca thuc tnh dng lnh
Nhp OK cho (hnh 16.15b)
16.8.2 TO KHI CHO C I TNG CNG THUC TNH (lnh BLOCK, B)
- Gi lnh BLOCK s xut hin hp thoi Block Definition (hnh 16.16)
- t tn khi Dnham vo danh sch Name
- Nhp nt Pick point chn im chun chn trn khi, lc ny hp thoi khng xut hin.
+ Specify insertion base point: Chn im B lm im chun chn (hnh 16.15b)
- Nhp nt Select objects chn i tng, lc ny hp thoi khng xut hin.
+ Select objects : Chn i tng v thuc tnh to thnh khi
+ Select objects :
- Nhp OK ng hp thoi.
Hnh 16.16
Hnh 16.17
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C
a)
b)
Hnh 16.18
Ch
Ta c th s dng lnh -Attdef (hoc -Att) to thuc tnh ca khi; lnh -Block (-B) to khi; lnh Insert (-I) chn khi bng cch nhp cc bin trn dng lnh ca mn hnh qua v d sau:
V d
To khi km thuc tnh cho k hiu cao trnh nh (hnh 16.19a). S dng lnh -Insert chn
khi km thuc tnh vo cc v tr trn(Hnh 16.19b) .
P
Q
a)
b)
Hnh 16.19
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Toolbar
Modiffy II
Hnh 16.20
16.10 TM THIT K - AUTOCAD DESIGN CENTER
AutoCAD Design Center tr gip cho ngi thit k d dng tm kim v chuyn cc Block,
layer, Dimension Style, Text Style, Linetype hay cc phn bn v no sang bn v khc. Vic
s dng AutoCAD Design Center c th truy cp cc ni dung t cc ngun khc nhau s lm
gim thi gian ng k cho vic thit k bn v .
ng dn ca th mc DesignCenter: C:\Program Files\ACAD 2000\Sample\DesignCenter]
16.10.1 M AUTOCAD DESIGN CENTER,
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu
G lnh
Tools \ AutoCAD Design Center
Adcenter, Adc, Ctrl+ 2
GVC ThS. Nguyn
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Toolbar
Standard
Khoa S pham Ky thut
2005
Favorites Load
Find
Up
History
Open
Preview
Description
View
Destop
Palette
Hnh 16.21
16.10.2 CHC NNG CA CC NT TRN CA S DESIGN CENTER (Hnh 16.21)
1)
2)
3)
4)
Destop
Open Drawings
History
Tree view Toggle
5) Favorites
6) Load
7) Find
8) Up
9) Preview
10) Description
11) View
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Hnh 16.22
16.10.3 S DNG AUTOCAD DESIGN CENTER CHN NI DUNG VO BN V
HIN HNH (Hnh 16.21)
S dng Autocad Design Center ta c th chn khi (insert block), sao chp (Copy) hay ko r
cc d liu ca ni dung t Palette vo bn v hin hnh.
16.10.3.1 S DNG AUTOCAD DESIGN CENTER CHN KHI
1) Chn khi vi t l chn (Scale) v gc chn (Rotation) mc nh.
Trnh t thc hin:
1. Kch p tri chut vo file cn chn (Fasteners - Metric.dwg) trong th mc Design Center
2. Nhp chn Blocks s xut hin mt bng cc hnh nh ca file c chn trn Palette.
3. Nhp phi chut vo mt hnh nh trn Palette s xut hin shortcut -menu (hnh 16.23)
Hnh 16.23
4. Chn Insert block... s xut hn hp thoi chn khi Insert (Hnh 16.24)
5. nh du chn vo nt Explode sau khi chn - khi c phn r thnh cc i tng
n, d hiu chnh ph hp vi TCVN
6. Nhp OK s xut hin dng nhc:
- Specify insertion point for block: nh im chn khi trn bn v .
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Hnh 16.24
hnh 16.25
2) Chn khi vi t l chn (Scale) v gc chn (Rotation) nh trn dng nhc lnh
Trnh t thc hin:
1. Kch p tri chut vo file cn chn (Fasteners - Metric.dwg) trong th mc Design Center
2. Nhp chn Blocks s xut hin mt bng cc hnh nh ca file c chn trn Palette.
3. Nhp phi chut vo mt hnh nh trn Palette s xut hin shortcut -menu (hnh 16.23)
4. Chn Insert block... s xut hn hp thoi chn khi Insert
5. nh du chn vo nt Explode v cc nt Specify on Screen (Hnh 16.25)
6. Nhp OK s xut hin dng nhc:
- Specify insertion point for block: nh im chn khi trn bn v .
- Specify scale factor for XYZ axes: 1 (nhp t ln cho cc trc XYZ)
- Specify rotation angle <0>:
(nhp gc quay ca khi quanh im chn)
16.10.3.2 S DNG AUTOCAD DESIGN CENTER SAO CHP KHI
Trnh t thc hin:
1. Kch p tri chut vo file cn chn (Fasteners - Metric.dwg) trong th mc Design Center
2. Nhp chn Blocks s xut hin mt bng cc hnh nh ca file c chn trn Palette.
3. Nhp phi chut vo mt hnh nh trn Palette s xut hin shortcut -menu (hnh 16.23)
4. Chn Copy
5. Gi lnh Pastclip dn hnh nh t window clipboard vo bn v .
- Specify insertion point: nh im chn trn bn v .
16.10.3.3 S DNG AUTOCAD DESIGN CENTER KO R - TH KHI
Trnh t thc hin:
1. Kch p tri chut vo file cn chn (Fasteners - Metric.dwg) trong th mc Design Center
2. Nhp chn Blocks s xut hin mt bng cc hnh nh ca file c chn trn Palette.
3. Nhp tri chut chn mt hnh nh trn Palette gi v ko r ra mn hnh ri th chut ti v
tr cn chn
16.10.4 THAO TC VI NI DUNG THNG HAY S DNG (FAVORITES)
khi v thit k c nhng ni dung m ta thng xuyn phi s dng n. truy cp chng mt
cch nhanh chng AutoCAD Design Center a ra cc gii php trn c s th mc Favorites >
Autodesk. Ta c th thm cc ni dung vo th mc nyv truy cp cc ni dung mt cch
nhanh chng.
16.10.4.1 TRUY CP CC NI DUNG T FAVORITES
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Fovorites
Hnh 16.26
Hnh 16.27
=======================
177
2005
Trong chng ny s trnh by mt s lnh v tnh ton, tra cu thng tin v mt s lnh khc h
tr cho vic v trong AutoCAD 2000.
17.1 TNH TO IM (lnh ID)
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu
Screen Menu
Tools \ Inquiry > ID point
TOOLS1 \ID
Type in
Id, 'Id
Toolbar
Inquiry
Type in
Dist, 'Dist, Di
Toolbar
Inquiry
Lnh Dist (hoc 'Dist) dng tnh khong cch (Distance) gia hai im bt k ca on
thng. Ngoi ra lnh ny cn hin th gc ca on thng hp vi ng chun nm ngang
trong mt phng XY(Angle in XY plane) v gc ca on thng to vi mt phng XY trong
3D. Ta c th dng cc phng php truy bt im truy bt cc (Angle from XY plane)im
ny .
Command: DI
Specify first point:
Truy bt im th nht .
Specify second point: Truy bt im th hai .
V D
Trong 2D ta v mt on thng c chiu di =100 v hp vi ng nm ngang mt gc 300.
Khi dng lnh Dist truy bt hai u mt ca on thng ny th s xut hin trn mn hnh vn
bn thng bo sau :
Command: DI
- Specify first point:
Truy bt im th nht .
- Specify second point: Truy bt im th hai .
Distance = 100, Angle in XY Plane = 30, Angle from XY Plane = 0
Delta X = 87, Delta Y = 50, Delta Z = 0
GVC ThS. Nguyn
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Type in
AA, Area
Toolbar
Inquiry
Lnh Area dng tnh din tch v chu vi ca mt hnh c ng bin. Lnh ny thng dng
tnh din tch s dng ca tng phng khi thit k nh. xc nh min cn tnh din tch ta
dng hai phng php sau :
1) Chn i tng l hnh kn (Polyline, Polygon, Circle, Boundary, Spline...)
2) Hoc nh cc nh ca a gic to thnh ng bao kn.
CC TU CHN TI (1)
First point Trong tu chn ny ch tnh din tch v chu vi ca a gic phng m ta ln
lt phi chn cc nh xc nh min cn.tnh. (Hnh 17.1 a) c din tch
v chu vi ging (Hnh 17.1b).(Hnh 17.1a AutoCAD xem nh t ng bng
on thng P4 P1).
P2
P2
P3
P3
P1
P1
a)
b)
P4
P4
Hnh 17.1
Command: AA
Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]: Chn nh P1
Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]: Truy bt nh P2, ri P3, ri P4
Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]:
Area = 4122 , perimeter = 280 .
Object
Command: AA
Specify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]: A (Chn ch cng )
Specify first corner point or [Object/Subtract]: O
(ADD mode) Select objects: Chn i tng th nht l pline kn ngoi cng tnh din
tch
179
37
R27
69
35
2005
Hnh 17.2
72
47
146
Cng, tr
Nhn, chia
Lu tha
Cn bc hai ca i s x
180
2005
...
V d
Command: Cal
Initializing...>> Expression: (20 *3+40) / 2
50.0
Command: Cal
Initializing...>> Expression: (2^3 SQRT(25))
3.0
2) PHP TNH VECT
+ , - Cng, tr vect (hoc im )
[a,b,c ] + [x,y,z ] = [a+x,b+y, c +z ]
*, /
Nhn , chia mt vct vi mt s thc K (l mt vect)
K * [x,y,z ] = [Kx,Ky,Kz] ; [x,y,z ] * 1/K = [1/K x, 1/K y,1/K z]
Tch v hng ca cc vect (l mt s)
[a,b,c ] * [x,y,z ] = ax+ by+ cz
&
Tch ca cc vect (l mt vect)
[a,b, c ]&[x,y,z] = [ (b*z ) - (c*y), (c*x) - (a*z), (a*y) -(b*x)]
( )
Nhm biu thc
Biu thc M + [30,50]: Biu din im N c to tng i [30,50] so vi im im M
(im M c th l End, Cen, Qua,...); tc l im N cch im M mt khong 30 theo trc X,
mt khong 50 theo trc Y.
V d
Command: Cal
Initializing...>> Expression: [10,20,30]+[30,20,10]
(40 40 40)
17.4.2 S DNG CC PHNG THC BT IM TRN CC BIU THC S HC
C th s dng cac phng thc truy bt im ca AutoCAD trong cc biu thc tnh ca lnh
Cal. Khi s dng phng thc bt im ta ch cn nhp ba k t u tin ca phng thc bt
dim . V d khi s dng phng thc bt im ENDpoint ta ch cn nhp END,...
Vit tt
Phng thc bt im
END
EXT
INS
INT
MID
CEN
NEA
NOD
QUA
PAR
PER
TAN
ENDpoint
(im cui)
EXTension (Ko di im cui n im cn nhp to )
INSert
(im bt u vit vn bn)
INTersection (giao im)
MIDpoint
(im gia)
CENter
(tm im)
NEArest
(im trn i tng)
NODe
(im)
QUAdrent
(gc phn t)
PARallel
(truy bt i tng song song)
PERpendicular(vung gc)
TANgent
(tip tuyn)
181
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V d
Cho ng trn O v on thng P1P2. Hy v on thng M1M2 vi M1, M2 ln lt l im
gia ca cc on OP1v P1P2 (Hnh 17.3)
Command: L
Specify first point: 'Cal
>>Expression: (CEN + END) /2 (Xc nh M1)
>> Select entity for CEN snap: Chn ng trn truy bt tm.
>> Select entity for END snap: Chn on thng P1P2 gn im cui P1 bt P1
Specify next point or [Undo]: 'Cal
>>Expression: Mid
>> Select entity for MID snap: Chn on thng P1P2 truy bt im gia M2
Specify next point or [Undo]:
Hnh 17.3
Ch
Biu thc: (END + END + END) / 3 Truy bt im trng tm ca tam gic theo ba nh ca n .
V d
Hy v ng trn c tm l trng tm ca tam gic ABC v tip xc vi cnh AB (hnh 17.4)
Command: C
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 'Cal
Expression: (END + END + END) / 3
>> Select entity for END snap: Chn cnh AB gn im cui A bt im A
>> Select entity for END snap: Chn cnh BC gn im cui B bt im B
>> Select entity for END snap: Chn cnh AC gn im cui C bt im C
Diameter/ <Radius>: TAN to Chn cnh AB lm tip tuyn
Hnh 17.4
17.4.3 XC NHV TR CA IM TRN NG THNG (hm PLD V PLT)
Cc hm Pld v Plt c th xc nh v tr ca im trn ng thng khi bit khong cch t
im n im th nht ca ng thng hoc theo tham s t .
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Nu t = 0 th im cn tm trng vi im th nht P1
Nu t = 0.5 th im cn tm l im gia ca on P1P2
Nu t = 1 th im cn tm trng vi im th hai P2
Nu t = 2 th im cn tm nm ngoi on thng P1P2 v cch im th nht P1 mt on
bng hai ln P1P2, ...
V d
Cho hai on thng P1P2 v P3P4. Hy v ng trn nhn hai im M1, M2 lm hai u mt
ng knh; bit rng M1P1 = 30 n v v P2P3 = 1/3P3P4 (Hnh 17.5)
Hnh 17.5
Command: C
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 2P
Specify first end point of circle's diameter: 'Cal
>>Expression: pld (end,end,30)
>> Select entity for END snap: Truy bt im P1 lm im th nht
>> Select entity for END snap: Truy bt im P2 lm im th hai
Specify second end point of circle's diameter: 'Cal
>> Expression: plt (end,end,1/3)
>> Select entity for END snap: Truy bt im P3 lm im th nht
>> Select entity for END snap: Truy bt im P4 lm im th hai
Command: Co
Select objects: Chn ng trn nh (tm O1).
Select objects:
Specify base point or displacement, or [Multiple]: Cen of (Chn ng trn nh)
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: 'Cal
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Hnh 17.6
17.4.5 XC NH GIAO IM (hm ILL)
Hm iLL dng xc nh giao im ca hai ng thng P1P2 v P3P4
iLL (P1,P2,P3,P4)
17.4.6 XC NH KHONG CCH (hm DPL, DIST)
Hm Dpl (M,P1,P2) Dng xc nh khong cch ngn nht t im M n ng thng
P1P2 .
Hm Dist (P1,P2)
Dng xc nh khong cch gia hai im P1,P2
17.4.7 NH BN KNH CA NG TRN, CUNG TRN (hm RAD)
Hm Rad dng xc nh bn knh ca ng trn, cung trn mi so vi cung trn
hay ng trn chn.
Ch
Nu nhp >>Expression: rad+10 th bn knh ca ng trn mi s tng ln 10 n v so
vi bn knh ca ng trn chn .
- Nu nhp >>Expression: rad - 5 th bn knh ca ng trn mi s gim xung 5 n v so
vi bn knh ca ng trn chn .
- Nu nhp >>Expression rad* 2 th bn knh ca ng trn mi s tng gp hai ln n v
so vi bn knh ca ng trn chn.v.v.
-
V d
Cho ng trn tm O, bn knh R. Hy v ng trn tm O, bn knh bng 2R (Hnh 17.7).
Hnh 17.7
Command: C
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/TTR(tan tan radius)]: Cen of (Chn ng trn
bn knh R)
- Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]:' Cal
- >>Expression: Rad* 2
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>> Select circle, arc or polyline segment for RAD function: (Chn ng trn bn knh R) s
v ln ng trn mi tm O bn knh bng 2R.(hnh17.7)
a)
b)
Hnh 17.8
17.4.9 CC HM VIT TT
Trong lnh Cal c mt s hm vit tt khi ghi cc biu thc.
Hm s
Hm vit tt
M t
Dee
Ille
Mee
(end+end)/2
Type in
List, Li, Ls
Toolbar
Inquiry
Lnh List lit k cc d liu ln mn hnh vn bn, lin quan n mt hay nhiu i tng ca
bn v m ta chn. Tu vo cc i tng c chn m ta c cc bn thng bo tnh cht khc
nhau .
Command: Li
Select objects: Chn i tng (Chn ng pline ngoi cng ca (hnh 17.2)
Select objects: [S xut hin hp thoi thng bo AutoCAD Text Window Hnh 17.9)]
185
2005
Hnh 17.9
17.6 I TN CC I TNG (lnh Rename)
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu
Screen Menu
Type in
Format \ Rename...
FORMAT \ Rename Ren, Rename, DDrename
Lnh Rename dng thay i tn ca cc i tng t tn (Named object), Block
Dimstyle, Layer, Linetype, style... Sau khi gi lnh s xut hin hp thoi Rename (Hnh 17.10).
Hnh17.10
Hnh 17.11
TRNH T THAY I TN :
1) Nhp tn c vo Old Name .
2) Nhp tn mi vo Rename To. (tn duong tam i tn thnh tn duong truc)
3) Nhp nt OK
17.7 TY, XO CC I TNG THA (lnh Purge)
Cch gi lnh nh sau :
Pull - down menu
Screen Menu
File/Drawing Unities >Purge >
FILE/ Purge
GVC ThS. Nguyn
186
Type in
Pu, Purge
Khoa S pham Ky thut
2005
Lnh Purge cho php ty, xo cc kiu tha (Blocks, Layers, Linetypes, Shapes, Text styles...)
trong mt bn v. Trc khi in thng s dng lnh ny xo i cc phn tha khng s dng
trong bn v nhm lm cho dung lng ca bn v gim xung. Lnh ny c th gi t Pull down menu nh sau: File/Drawing Unities > Purge > (Hnh 17.11)
Gi s trong bn v ta to cc lp (Layers): DUONG-THAY, DUONG-KHUAT, DUONG
TRUC,...nhng ta khng s dng cc lp nh: DUONG TRUC v ta mun xo cc lp ny i
dung lng file bn v gim xung. Khi trnh t thc hin nh sau:
Command: Pu
Enter type of unused objects to purge [Blocks/Dimstyles/LAyers/LTypes/Plotstyles/
SHapes/
textSTyles/Mlinestyles/All]:LA (Nhp kiu cn xo hoc nhp A xo tt c cc kiu
c t tn khng dng trong bn v)
Enter name(s) to purge <*>: (Nhp tn lp cn xo hoc nhn Enter thm tra li cc tn
lp cn xa)
Verify each name to be purged? [Yes/No] <Y>:
Purge layer "Duong khuat"? <N>
Purge layer "Duong thay"? <N>
Purge layer "Duong truc"? <N> y xo lp ny.
====================
187
2005
Chng 18
Trong chng ny s trnh by cch v hnh chiu trc o bng cc lnh 2D. Tt c to c
nhp theo honh X v tung Y nm trong mt phng XY. Khi ta t la chn Isometric
Snap trong khung Snap Type & Style ca hp thoi Drafting Settings. v hnh chiu trc o
vung gc u ca cc on thng ta dng lnh Line, ca cc ng trn nm trong cc mt
phng to ta dng lnh Ellipse vi la chn Isocircle.
Sau y l mt s loi hnh chiu trc o thng dng trong k thut.
18.1 CHUYN SANG HNH CHIU TRC O VUNG GC U (Isometric drawing)
Trc khi v hnh chiu trc o vung gc u, ta chuyn sang hnh chiu trc o vung gc
u, trnh t thc hin nh sau:
1. Gi lnh: Tool > Drafting Settings... s xut hin hp thoi Drafting Settings (Hnh 18.1).
2. Chn Tab1: Snap & Grid
3. Chn nt Isometric Snap trong khung Snap Type & Style
4. Nhp OK
Hnh18.1
18.1.1 CC V TR MT PHNG HNH CHIU TRC O (phm Ctrl +E hoc F5)
Sau khi chuyn sang hnh chiu trc o th ta ang mt phng trc o bn tri Isoplane Left
(y'o'z') (hnh18.2), s dng phm Ctrl +E (Gi phm Ctrl v nhp phn E) chuyn chiu cc si
tc v mt trong ba v tr ca mt phng hnh chiu trc o. Nu ch Ortho l On th ta ch v
cc on thng theo cc trc o (chiu ca hai si tc). Nu mun v cc on thng khng song
song vi cc trc trc o, ta t ch ORTHO l OFF. Ngoi ra khi v cc oan thng hnh
chiu trc o ta s dng to cc tng i,...
Hnh18.2
GVC ThS. Nguyn
Hnh 18.3
188
Hnh 18.4
Khoa S pham Ky thut
18.1.2
-
2005
18.1.3
Command: El
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center/Isocircle]: I
Specify center of isocircle: Chn tm ca ng trn .
Specify radius of isocircle or [Diameter]: Nhp bn knh ng trn.
z
d
R30
110
30
100
R20
60
40
0
d
y'
20
40
60
R10
Hnh 18.5
Hnh 18.6
V d
Hy v hnh chiu trc o vung gc u ca vt th c cho bi ( hnh 18.6 ) .
HNG DN
1) M hp thoi Drafting Settings chn Tab Snap and Grid. Trong hp thoi ny khung Snap
Type & Style ta chn nt Isometric Snap, sau nhp OK
189
2005
2) Dng lnh Line hoc Pline v hnh chiu trc o ca cc on thng thuc cc mt phng
to trc o khc nhau. S dng Ctrl + E chuyn trc ca hai si tc sang cc mt phng
trc o Isoplane Left, Isoplane Top, Isoplane Right v .
3) Dng lnh Ellipse vi la chn Isocircle, xc nh tm v nhp bn knh cu ng trn
v hnh chiu trc o ca cc ng trn nm trong cc mt phng to tng ng.
4) Dng lnh Trim xn cc phn tha ca cc cung Ellipse.
4)
-
900
P
x'
0'
1350
P
450
900
450
x'
z'
1/2
1350
P
y'
y'
a)
b)
Hnh 18.7
190
2005
V d
Hy v hnh chiu trc o ng u (xin gc u) ca vt th c cho bi hnh v sau y
(Hnh 18.8).
Hnh 18.8
HNG DN
1. Dng lnh Polyline vi la chn Width = 1 v cc on thng v cung trn mt trc.
2. Dng lnh Copy chp cc ng thuc mt trc ra mt sau : @60<135.
3. Dng lnh Trim xn i cc phn tha .
4. Dng lnh ghi kch thc Dimlinear, Dimradius ghi kch thc cc on thng v cung
trn. Ring kch thc on thng nghing 1350 sau khi ghi kch thc ta phi hiu chnh
bng lnh Dimedit vi la chn Oblique, ri nhp gc 00 cho ng ging kch thc nm
ngang .
P
=====================
191
2005
MC LC
Chng 1
Chng 2
Chng 3
Chng 4
Chng 5
Chng 6
Chng 7
Chng 8
Chng 9
Chng 10
Chng 11
Chng 12
Chng 13
Chng 14
Chng 15
Chng 16
Chng 17
Chng 18
Ba......................................................................................................... 1
Li ni u............................................................................................ 2
M u .................................................................................................. 3
Cc lnh thnh lp bn v ..................................................................... 9
Cc lnh v c bn.............................................................................. 20
Cc phng thc truy bt im i tng .......................................... 43
Cc phng php chn i tng....................................................... 54
Hiu chnh i tng .......................................................................... 58
Cc lnh hiu chnh sao chp i tng ............................................. 72
Hiu chnh i tng bng Grips........................................................ 78
iu khin mn hnh........................................................................... 85
To v qun l cc tnh cht lp trn bn v ...................................... 90
Nhp vn bn vo bn v.................................................................. 100
Biu din k hiu vt liu trn mt ct ............................................. 112
Ghi v qun l cc kiu kch thc................................................... 118
Thnh lp bn v mu ....................................................................... 145
Cc lnh v 2..................................................................................... 148
To khi v thuc tnh, tm thit k ................................................. 163
Cc lnh tnh ton v tra cu ............................................................ 178
Hnh chiu trc o............................................................................. 188
Mc lc ............................................................................................. 192
------------------------
192