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Giao Trinh AutoCad 2004
Giao Trinh AutoCad 2004
Mc lc
I. M u Gii thiu chung.............................................................................. 3
1. AutoCAD trong h thng cc phn mm ho v vn phng............................................3
2. Nhng kh nng chnh ca AutoCad ....................................................................................3
3. Lm quen s b vi AutoCad ...............................................................................................4
4. Chc nng mt s phm c bit...........................................................................................4
5. Cc quy c ..........................................................................................................................5
Page 1
AutoCad 2004
4. Lnh xn mt phn i tng gia hai im chn Break (BR) ..........................................24
5. Lnh ko di i tng n i tng chn Extend (EX) ..................................................25
6. Lnh thay i chiu di i tng Lengthen (LEN)...........................................................25
7. Lnh vt mp cc cnh Chamfer (CHA).............................................................................26
8. Lnh vut gc hai i tng vi bn knh cho trc Fillet (F)...........................................27
9. Lnh hiu chnh a tuyn Pedit ..........................................................................................27
VIII. Cc Lnh bin i v sao chp hnh ...........................................................29
1. Lnh di di i tng Move (M) ........................................................................................29
2. Lnh sao chp i tng Copy (Co) ...................................................................................29
3. Lnh quay i tng xung quanh mt im Rotate (RO) ..................................................30
4. Lnh thu phng i tng theo t l Scale (SC) .................................................................30
5. Lnh i xng qua trc Mirror (MI)...................................................................................31
6. Lnh di v ko gin i tng Stretch (S)........................................................................31
7. Lnh sao chp dy Array (AR)...........................................................................................32
IX. Qun l bn v theo lp, ng nt v mu ..........................................33
1. To lp mi Lnh Layer (L) ...............................................................................................33
2. Nhp cc dng ng vo trong bn v Linetype hoc Format \ Linetype.........................36
3. nh t l cho dng ng Ltscale .....................................................................................36
4. Bin CELTSCALE..............................................................................................................36
XIV. In bn v. ......................................................................................................... 65
Bi Vit Thi
Page 2
AutoCad 2004
AutoCAD 2004
I. M u Gii thiu chung
AutoCAD l phn mm mnh tr gip thit k, sng tc trn my tnh ca hng
AUTODESK (M) sn xut.
Hin ti ngi ta hay dng cc th h AutoCAD sau.
Th h
Th h
Thi gian
Version 2.1-Release 6
Release 14
05-1997
Version 2.5-Release 7
AutoCAD 2000
2000
Version 2.6-Release 8
AutoCAD 2002
2001
Version 2.7-Release 9
AutoCAD 2004
2004
Page 3
AutoCad 2004
3. Lm quen s b vi AutoCad
Khi ng AutoCad
- Bt my, bt mn hnh
- Nhp p phm tri ca chut vo biu tng AutoCad 2004.
- Hoc dng chut vo Start/Programs/AutoCad 2004.
- Ti hp hi thoi hin ln, ta nhp chut vo Start from Scratch, chn h n v do Metric,
sau nhp OK.
Cc cch vo lnh trong AutoCad
Vo lnh t bn phm c th hin dng "Command". Cc lnh c dch ra nhng
ngn t thng dng ca ting Anh, nh line, pline, arc v thng c lnh vit tt. Khi ang
thc hin mt lnh, mun g lnh mi, cn nhp phm ESC trn bn phm.
Vo lnh t thc n th c thc hin thng qua chut. Cng c th vo lnh t thc n
mn hnh bn phi
Vo lnh t nhng thanh cng c. Nhng thanh cng c ny c thit k theo nhm lnh.
Mi k hiu thc hin mt lnh.
Cc cch vo lnh u c gi tr ngang nhau. Tu theo thi quen v tin nghi ca mi
ngi s dng m p dng. Thng th ta kt hp gia g lnh vo bn phm v dng thanh
cng c hay thc n s xung.
Page 4
AutoCad 2004
5. Cc quy c
H to :
Mi im trong khng gian c xc nh bng 1 h to x, y, z vi 3 mt phng c bn xy,
xz, yz.
n v o:
Thc t thit k trong ngnh xy dng cho thy, n v thng dng v l mm. Do vy nhn
chung, ta c th quy c rng:
Mt n v trn mn hnh tng ng vi mt mm trn thc t
Gc xoay:
- Gc v phng hng trong AutoCad c quy nh nh sau:
Gc 0
Tng ng vi hng ng
Gc 90
Tng ng vi hng Bc
Gc 180
Tng ng vi hng Ty
Gc 270/-90
Tng ng vi hng Nam
- Trong mt phng hai chiu, xoay theo chiu kim ng h l gc m (-), ngc
chiu kim ng h l gc dng (+).
Nhp lnh
New hoc Ctrl + N
Toolbar
2. Lu File bn v.
Menu bar
Nhp lnh
Toolbar
File\Save...
Save hoc Ctrl + S
+ Trng hp bn v cha c ghi thnh File th sau khi thc hin lnh Save xut hin
hp thoi Save Drawing As ta thc hin cc bc sau.
- Chn th mc, a mc: Save In
- t tn File vo : File Name
- Chn Files of type chn ghi File vi cc phin bn Cad trc ( Nu cn)
- Cui cng nhn nt SAVE hoc nhn phm ENTER
Ch : Nu thot khi CAD m cha ghi bn v th AutoCad c hi c ghi bn v
khng nu ta chn YES th ta cng thc hin cc thao tc trn
+ Trng hp bn v c ghi thnh File th ta ch cn nhp chut tri vo biu
tng ghi trn thanh cng c hoc nhn phm Ctrl + S lc ny Cad t ng cp nht nhng thay
i vo file c ghi sn .
3. M bn v c sn.
Menu bar
File\Open...
Nhp lnh
Save hoc Ctrl + O
Toolbar
AutoCad 2004
4. ng bn v
Menu bar
Nhp lnh
Toolbar
File\Close
Close
Nu bn v c sa i th xut hin hp thoi nhc nh ta c ghi thay i khng
- Chn YES c ghi thay i (Xem tip mc 2 Lu bn v)
- Chn NO nu khng mun ghi thay i
- Nu nhn v Cancel hu b lnh Close.
Page 6
AutoCad 2004
V d sau ta s dng to tng i v ng thng P2P3 t im P2 (30,-50) c
khong cch theo hng X l 0 n v v theo hng Y l 100 n v nh hnh v 1
Command: Line
Specify first point: 30,-50
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,100
b. H to cc.
To cc c s dng nh v tr 1 im trong mt phng XY. To cc ch nh
khong cch v gc so vi gc to (0,0). im P1 trn hnh v 2 c to cc l 50<60.
ng chun o gc theo chiu dng trc X ca h to cc. Gc dng l gc ngc
chiu kim ng h hnh v
nhp to cc ta nhp khong cch v gc c cch nhau bi du mc nhn (<).
V d ch nh im c khong cch 1 n v t im trc v gc 45 ta nhp nh sau:
@1<45.
Theo mc nh gc tng theo ngc chiu kim ng h v gim theo chiu kim ng
h. thay i chiu kim ng h ta nhp gi tr m cho gc. V d nhp 1<315 tng ng
vi 1<-45. Bn c th thay i thit lp hng v ng chun o gc bng lnh Units.
To cc c th l tuyt i (o theo gc to ) hoc tng i (o theo im trc
). ch nh to cc tng i ta nhp thm du @ (a mc, a cng hoc at sign)
Gc to
H ta cc
Cc v tr gc trn h to cc
Trong v d sau y
ta v cc on
thng l cc cnh
ca lc gic u
(hnh v ) theo to
cc vi cc gc
khc nhau s dng
hng gc mc
nh (chiu dng
trc X l gc 0)
Hnh 1
Bi Vit Thi
Page 7
Hnh 2
AutoCad 2004
Hnh 1: Dng lnh v Line
Command: Line
Specify first point : (To im P1 bt k)
Specify next point or [Undo] : @60<0 (P2)
Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @60<60 (P3)
Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @60<120 (P4)
Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @60<180 (P5)
Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: @60<-120 (P6)
Specify next point or [Undo/Close]: C (ng im u
vi im cui P6 vi P1)
Page 8
AutoCad 2004
- Nhp tn tt (ba ch ci u tin, v d END, CEN...) vo dng nhc lnh.
c. Di chuyn vung truy bt ngang qua v tr cn truy bt, khi s c mt khung hnh k
hiu phng thc (Marker) hin ln ti im cn truy bt v nhp phm chn (khi cn nhp
phm TAB chn im truy bt)
- Trong AutoCAD 2004, ta c tt c 15 phng thc truy bt im ca i tng (gi tt
l truy bt im). Ta c th s dng cc phng thc truy bt im thng tr hoc tm tr.
Trong mc ny gii thiu truy bt im tm tr.
2. ENDpoint
3. INSert
4. INTersection
5. MIDpoint
6. NEArest
7. NODe
8. PERpendicular
9. QUAdrant
10. TANgent
11. FROm
12. APPint
13. Tracking
Bi Vit Thi
AutoCad 2004
im chn
im cui
im vung gc
im gia
im tip xc
im tm
im gn nht
im nt
Dng trong 3D
im 1/4
im //
im giao
im ko di
Nhp lnh
Line hoc L
Toolbar
Ch cn g ch ci l
- Nhp to im u tin
- Nhp to im cui ca on thng
- Tip tc nhp to im cui ca on
thng hoc g ENTER kt thc lnh ( Nu
ti dng nhc ny ta g U th Cad s hu
ng thng va v. Nu g C th Cad s
ng im cui cng vi im u tin trong
trng hp v nhiu on thng lin tip)
- Trong trng hp F8 bt th ta ch cn a chut v pha mun v on thng sau
nhp chiu di ca on thng cn v .
Command : L
- Specify first point
- Specify next point or [Undo]
- Specify next point or [Undo/Close]
Bi Vit Thi
Page 10
AutoCad 2004
V d:
Command : L
- Specify first point
- Specify next point or [Undo]: 100
- Chn mt im u tin
- Bt F8 (Ortho On) a chut sang phi g
s s c on thng nm ngang di 100
- Bt F8 (Ortho On) a chut ln trn g s
s c on thng ng di 100
Nhp lnh
Circle hoc C
Toolbar
- Ti dng nhc ny ta g 2P
- Nhp im u ca ng knh (dng cc
phng php nhp to hoc truy bt im)
- Nhp im cui ca ng knh
Page 11
AutoCad 2004
IV. Cc thit lp bn v c bn
1. Gii hn khng gian v - Lnh LIMITS
Sau khi khi ng chng trnh AutoCad, nhp chut vo Start from scartch v chn h
o l Metric, ta s c mt mn hnh ca khng gian lm vic c ln mc nh l 420, 297
n v. Nu quy c 1 n v trn mn hnh tng ng vi 1 mm ngoi thc t, ta s v c
i tng c kch 42 cm x 29,7 cm. Nu v cng trnh, khng gian rt cht hp. Do vy ta
cn nh ngha mt khng gian lm vic ln hn.
Nhp lnh:
Bn phm : Limits
G lnh gii hn mn hnh
Nhp Enter ng vi to im u
ca gii hn mn hnh.
Cho gii hn mn hnh ln bng mt khng
gian rng 42 m x 29,7 m ngoi thc t
Lu :
- Cho d khng gian c nh ngha rng hn 100 ln hin ti, mn hnh lc ny vn khng
c g thay i. Ta phi thc hin lnh thu khng gian gii hn vo bn trong mn hnh bng
lnh di y.
Bn phm : zoom
G lnh thu phng mn hnh
-Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor - Nhp tham s cn dng sau g Enter
(nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/
Previous/Scale/Window] <real time> : a
Cc Tham s ca lnh ZOOM
RealTime : sau khi vo lnh Zoom ta nhn phm Enter lun vo thc hin la
sau ta gi phm tri
chn ny tng ng vi nt trn thanh cng c
chut v Click a ln trn hoc xung di phng to hay thu nh.
ALL : Auto Cad s hin th tt c bn v trn mn hnh my tnh.
Center: Phng to mn hnh quanh mt tm im v vi chiu cao ca s.
- Specify center point: Chn tm khung ca s
- Enter magnification or height: Nhp gi tr chiu cao khung ca s
Window: Phng to ln mn hnh phn hnh nh xc nh bi khung ca s hnh
ch nht. Tng ng vi nt trn thanh cng c l
- Specify first corner : Chn gc ca s th nht
- Specify opposite corner: Chn gc ca s i din.
Previous: Phc hi li ca hnh nh Zoom trc . ( c th phc hi 10 hnh nh)
Tng ng vi nt trn thanh cng c l
Lu :
- Nu c i tng v to hn hoc nm ngoi gii hn mn hnh th lnh ny s thu ng thi c
gii hn mn hnh (t to 0,0) v i tng v vo trong mn hnh.
Bi Vit Thi
Page 12
AutoCad 2004
3. Lnh y bn v Pan
Menu bar
Nhp lnh
Toolbar
View\Pan\
Pan hoc P
Lnh Pan cho php di chuyn v tr bn v so vi mn hnh quan st cc phn cn
thit ca bn v m khng lm thay i ln hnh nh bn v.
4. n v o bn v
Menu bar
Nhp lnh
Format\Units\
Units
Lnh Units nh n v di v n v gc
cho bn v hin hnh. Sau khi vo lnh s xut
hin hp thoi . Trn hp thoi ny ta c th chn
n v cho bn v
Toolbar
Bi Vit Thi
Page 13
AutoCad 2004
Snap ON/OFF
Grid theo X
Grid theo Y
Snap theo Y
nghing
ca 2 si tc
Kiu Grid
Nhp lnh
Phm tt
MVsetup
Sau khi nhp lnh xut hin cc dng nhc sau.
- Enable pager Space? [No/Yes] <Y>: (Ta nhp N v nhn Enter)
- Enter units type [.........../Metric]: (ta nhp M chn h mt v nhn Enter)
- Enter the scale factor : ( Nhp gi tr t l)
- Enter the Pager width : (Nhp chiu rng kh giy)
- Enter the Pager height : (Nhp chiu cao kh giy)
Bng nh gii hn bn v (Limits) theo kh giy in v t l
Paper
size
(mm)
A4: 297x210
mm
m
A3: 420x297
mm
m
A2: 594x420
mm
m
A1: 841x594
mm
m
A0: 1189x841
mm
m
T l v 1:1
T l in 1=1
T l v 1:2
T l in 1=2
T l v 1:5
T l in 1=5
T l v 1:10
T l in 1=10
T l v 1:20
T l in 1=20
297x210
0.297x0.21
594x420
0.594x0.42
1485x1050
1.485x1.05
2970x2100
2.97x2.1
5940x4200
5.94x4.2
420x297
0.42x0.297
840x594
0.84x0.594
2100x1485
2.1x1.485
4200x2970
4.2x2.97
8400x5940
8.4x5.94
594x420
0.594x0.42
1188x840
1.188x0.84
2970x2100
2.97x2.1
5940x4200
5.94x4.2
11880x8400
11.88x8.4
841x594
0.841x0.594
1682x1188
1.682x1.188
4205x2970
4.205x2.97
8410x5940
8.41x5.94
16820x11880
16.82x11.88
1189x841
1.189x0.841
2378x1682
2.378x1.682
5945x4205
5.945x4.205
11890x8410
11.89x8.41
23780x16820
23.78x16.82
Bi Vit Thi
Page 14
AutoCad 2004
V. Cc Lnh v c bn.
1. Lnh v ng thng Line (L) ( hc trn)
Menu bar
Draw\Line
Nhp lnh
Line hoc L
Toolbar
Nhp lnh
Circle hoc C
Toolbar
Nhp lnh
ARC hoc A
Toolbar
Page 15
AutoCad 2004
Nhp lnh
Pline hoc PL
Command : PL
- Specify start point :
Current line-width is 0.0000
- Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth
/Length /Undo/Width]:
- ..............
- Cc tham s chnh
+ Close
+ Halfwidth
* Starting halfwidth<>:
* Ending halfwidth<>:
+ Width
* Starting Width<>:
* Ending Width<>:
+ Length
* Length of line:
+ Undo
+ Arc
Bi Vit Thi
Toolbar
- Nhp im u ca ng thng
Th hin chiu rng hin hnh
- Nhp im th 2 hoc chn cc tham s khc
ca lnh Pline
- ............ ( tim tc nhp im tip theo...)
+ ng Pline bi mt on thng nh Line
+ nh na chiu rng phn on sp v
* Nhp gi tr na chiu rng u
* Nhp gi tr na chiu rng cui
+ nh chiu rng phn on sp v
* Nhp gi tr chiu rng u
* Nhp gi tr chiu rng cui
+ V tip mt phn on c chiu nh on
thng trc nu phn on trc l cung
trn th n s tip xc vi cung trn .
* Nhp chiu di phn on sp v.
+ Hu b nt v trc .
+ V cung trn ni tip vi ng thng.
Page 16
AutoCad 2004
Nhp lnh
Polygon hoc POL
Toolbar
Page 17
AutoCad 2004
+ Elevation/ Thickness
+ Dimension
* Specify lenght for rectangles<..>:
* Specify Widht for rectangles<..>:
- Dng trong v 3D
- Tham s ny cho php nhp chiu cao v
chiu di HCN theo cc dng nhc sau y.
* Nhp chiu di ca HCN
* Nhp chiu cao ca HCN
Page 18
AutoCad 2004
POINT . Lnh Spline dng to cc ng cong c hnh dng khng u. V d v cc ng
ng mc trong h thng thng tin a l hoc trong thit k khung sn t, v tu thuyn ...
Command : SPL
- Specify first point or [Object]:
- Chn im u ca Spline
- Specify next point:
- Chn im k tip
- Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start - Chn to im k tip
tangent>:
- Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start - Chn to im k tip hoc nhn phm
tangent>:
ENTER kt thc
- Specify start tangent:
- Chn hng tip tuyn ti im u hoc
ENTER chn mc nh
- Specify end tangent:
- Chn hng tip tuyn ti im cui hoc
ENTER chn mc nh
- ng kn ng SPLINE ( ni im u
* Tham s CLOSE
vi im cui)
- To ng cong Spline min hn. Khi gi tr
* Tham s Fit to lerance
- Specify next point or [Close/Fit tolerance] <start ny = 0 th ng SLPINE i qua tt c cc
tangent>: f
im ta chn. Khi gi tr ny khc khng th
ng cong ko ra xa cc im ny to
ng cong min hn
- Specify fit tolerance <0.0000>: 5
- ENTER hoc nhp gi tr dng
Bi Vit Thi
Page 19
AutoCad 2004
Nt Delete xo 1 thnh phm
Nt Add nhp thm thnh phm
Bi Vit Thi
Page 20
AutoCad 2004
- Nu ti dng nhc ny ta nhp J nh v
tr ca ng Mline bng ng tm hay
ng trn hoc ng di.
* Chn cc tham s cn nh v tr
Nhp lnh
Point hoc PO
Toolbar
Chn kiu ca im
Chn kch thc ca im
Kch thc tng i so
vi % mn hnh
nh kch thc tuyt i
ca im theo n v v
Bi Vit Thi
Page 21
AutoCad 2004
12. Lnh chia i tng thnh nhiu on bng nhau Divide (DIV)
Menu bar
Nhp lnh
Toolbar
Draw\Point >\Divide...
Divide hoc DIV
Dng chia i tng ( Line, Arc, Circle, Pline, Spline) thnh cc on c chiu di
bng nhau. Ti cc im chia ca i tng s xut hin mt im. i tng c chia vn
gi nguyn tnh cht l mt i tng. nh kiu ca cc im chia ny ta dng lnh
PointStyle hc trn. truy bt cc im ny ta dng phng php truy bt NODe
Command : DIV
- Select object to divide:
- Chn i tng cn chia
- Enter the number of segments or [Block]:
- Nhp s on cn chia hoc nhp B
( Bu chn B xut hin dng nhc sau)
chn mt khi (Block) vo cc im chia.
* Enter name of block to insert:
* Nhp tn khi cn chn
* Align block with object? [Yes/No] <Y>:
* Mun quay khi khi chn khng
* Enter the number of segments:
* Nhp s on cn chia
Nhp lnh
Erase hoc E
Toolbar
Dng xo cc i tng c chn trn bn v hin hnh. Sau khi chn i tng ta
ch cn nhn phm ENTER th lnh c thc hin.
Command : E
- Select object
- Chn i tng cn xo
- Select object
- Chn tip cc i tng cn xo hoc
ENTER thc hin xo
Page 22
AutoCad 2004
Nhp lnh
Offset hoc O
Toolbar
Bi Vit Thi
Page 23
AutoCad 2004
- Select objects:
- Select objects:
- Chn ng chn
- chn tip ng chn hoc ENTER kt
thc vic la chn ng chn.
- Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or - Chn i tng cn xn
[Project/Edge/Undo]:
- Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or - Tip tc chn i tng cn xn hay ENTER
[Project/Edge/Undo]:
kt thc lnh
Xn bt i tng nhng thc cht hai i tng khng thc s giao nhau m chng ch
thc s giao nhao khi ko di ra.
Vo lnh sau ENTER
Command : TR
- Select objects:
- Chn ng chn
- Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or - Ti dng nhc ny ta g ch E
[Project/Edge/Undo]: E
- Enter an implied edge extension mode [Extend - Ti dng nhc ny ta tip tc g ch E
/No extend] <No extend>: E
- Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or - Chn i tng cn xn hay ENTER kt
[Project/Edge/Undo]:
thc lnh
Nhp lnh
Toolbar
Extrim
Lnh Extrim dng ct b tt c phn tha ra v mt pha no so vi ng chn.
Vo lnh sau ENTER
Command : EXTRIM
- Select objects:
- Chn ng chn
- Specify the side to trim on:
- Chn pha cn ct so vi ng chn
c. Chn mt im.
Lnh Break trong trng hp ny dng tch 1 i tng thnh hai i tng c lp.
im tch l im m ta chn i tng thc hin lnh Break.
Bi Vit Thi
Page 24
Command : BR
- Select objects:
- Specify second break point or [Firrst Point]: @
AutoCad 2004
Vo lnh sau ENTER
- Chn i tng m ta mun xn ti im
cn tch i tng.
- Ti dng nhc ny ta g @ sau nhn
phm ENTER
Nhp lnh
Extend hoc EX
Toolbar
Command : EX
- Select objects:
- Select objects:
Page 25
AutoCad 2004
- Thay i chiu di i tng theo phn
trm so vi tng chiu di i tng c
chn
+ Nhp t l phn trm
+ Chn i tng cn thay i kch thc (
c th chn nhiu i tng kt thc nhn
ENTER)
- Thay i ttng chiu di ca mt i tng
theo gi tr mi nhp vo.
+ Nhp gi tr mi vo
+ Chn i tng cn thay i
- Dng thay i ng chiu di i tng.
Nhp lnh
Chamfer hoc CHA
Toolbar
Trnh t thc hin lnh Chamfer : u tin ta thuc hin vic nhp khong cch vt mp
sau chn ng thng cn vt mp.
Vo lnh sau ENTER
Command : CHA
- Select first line or [Polyline / Distance / Angle / - Chn cc tham s t ch vt mp.
Trim / Method / Ultiple]:
* Chn tham s D (Distance)
- First chamfer distance <0.0000>:
- Specify second chamfer distance <20.0000>:
- Select first line or [Polyline /Distance /Angle
/Trim /Method/mUltiple]:
- Select second line:
* Chn tham s P (Polyline)
+ Chn cnh th 2 cn vt mp
Sau khi ta nhp khong cch th ta chn tham
s P vt mp 4 cnh ca Polyline
Cho php nhp khong cch th nht v gc
* Chn tham s A (Angle)
ca ng vt mphp vi ng th nht.
- Chamfer length on the first line <0.0000>:
+ Nhp khong cch vt mp trn ng th
nht
- Specify chamfer angle from the first line <0>:
+ Nhp gi tr gc ng vt mp hp vi
ng th nht
- Select first line or [Polyline /Distance /Angle +Chn cnh th nht cn vt mp
/Trim /Method /mUltiple]:
- Select second line:
+ Chn cnh th 2 cn vt mp
- Cho php ct b hoc khng ct b gc b
* Chn tham s T (Trim)
vt mp
- Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim]<Trim>: + Ti y ta g T hoc N la chn ct
hoc khng ct b gc b vt
- Select first line or [Polyline/ Distance/ Angle/ +Chn cnh th nht cn vt mp
Trim/ Method/mUltiple]:
- Select second line:
+ Chn cnh th 2 cn vt mp
Khi chn tham s ny th dng nhc chn i
* Chn tham s U (mUltiple)
tng s xut hin li mi khi kt thc chn
cp i tng l ng thng. ( c ngha
chn c nhiu ln trong trng hp cn vt
mp cho nhiu i tng.
Bi Vit Thi
Page 26
AutoCad 2004
Nhp lnh
Pedit
Command : PEDIT
- Select polyline or [Multiple]
Toolbars
Modify 2
Vo lnh sau ENTER
(Chn a tuyn cn hiu chnh)
- La chn Multiple cho php ta chn nhiu
i tng trn dng nhc "Select polyline:"
- Nu i tng l on thng hoc cung trn
khng phi l a tuyn th dng nhc sau
xut hin
(i tng ta chn khng phi l a tuyn)
Bi Vit Thi
Page 27
AutoCad 2004
- ng a tuyn ang m (hoc m a tuyn
ng)
Nhp C ng (nhp O m)
- Nhp tham s J : Ni cc on thng, cung
trn hoc a tuyn khc vi a tuyn c
chn thnh 1 a tuyn chung (ch ni c
trong trng hp cc nh ca chng trng
nhau)
i tng a tuyn chung c cc tnh cht
ca a tuyn c chn.
+ Chn cc i tng cn ni
+ Tip tc chn hoc nhn ENTER kt
thc vic la chn
+ Thng bo n i tng c ni vi
nhau.
- nh chiu rng mi cho a tuyn, khi nhp
W s xut hin dng nhc
+ Nhp chiu rng mi cho c a tuyn
- Chuyn a tuyn thnh mt ng cong l
tp hp cc cung trn, cc cung trn ny tip
xc nhau v i qua cc nh ca a tuyn.
- Chuyn a tuyn thnh 1 ng cong i qua
im u ca a tuyn (nu ng cong h).
ng cong ny khc vi cc ng cong to
bi la chn Fit v khc ng spline to bi
lnh Spline.
Khi bin SPLINETYPE = 5 th ng cong
c dng B-spline bc hai v tip xc im
gia ca cc phn on, khi bin
SPLINETYPE = 6 th ng cong c dng Bspline bc ba. lm xut hin cc ng
khung bao ca a tuyn ta nh bin
SPLFRAME l ON.
Ta c th gn gi tr bin SPLINETYPE bng
cch chn la chn Polyvars trn screen
menu ca lnh Pedit. Khi s xut hin hp
thoi Set Spline Fit Variables
Bin SPLINESEGS qui nh s cc phn
on ca mi on spline. Hnh 19.11 l cc
ng cong B-spline bc 2 vi cc gi tr
bin SPLINESEGS khc nhau.
- Chuyn cc phn on l cc cung trn ca
a tuyn thnh cc phn on thng
- Khi dng ng khng phi l ng lin
tc nu Ltype gen l ON th cc ng nt
ca a tuyn khng lin quan n cc nh
ca a tuyn. Khi Ltype gen l OFF th
ng nt c th hin theo cc phn on.
- Hu 1 la chn va thc hin
- Kt thc lnh Pedit
* Close (Open)
* Join
+ Select objects
+ Select objects
+ n segments added to polyline
* Width
+ Specify new width for all segments
* Fit
* Spline
* Decurve
* Ltype gen
* Undo
* eXit
Bi Vit Thi
Page 28
AutoCad 2004
VIII. Cc Lnh bin i v sao chp hnh
Nhp lnh
Move hoc M
Toolbars
- Lnh Move dng thc hin php di mt hay nhiu i tng t v tr hin ti n 1
v tr bt k trn hnh v. Ta c th v mt phn ca hnh v ti v tr bt k, sau s dng
lnh Move di n v tr cn thit.
Hoc t Modify menu chn Move
- Chn cc i tng cn di
- Tip tc chn cc i tng hoc ENTER
kt thc vic la chn,
- Specify base point or displacement
Chn im chun hay nhp khong di: c
th dng phm chn ca chut, dng cc
phng thc truy bt im, to tuyt i,
tng i, cc tng i...
- Specify second point of displacement or <use - im m cc i tng di n, c th s
first point as displacement>
dng phm chn ca chut, dng cc phng
thc truy bt im, to tuyt i, tung
i, to cc tng i, direct distance,
polar tracking...
Command : Move
- Select objects
- Select objects
Ch
(1) im Base point v Second point of displacement c th chn bt k.
(2) Nu mun di i tng cn v tr chnh xc th ti Base point v Second point of
displacement ta dng cc phng thc truy bt im.
(3) im Base point ta chn bt k hoc truy bt im v Second point of displacement dng
to tng i, cc tng i, direct distance hoc polar tracking.
(4) Ti dng nhc "Base point or displacement" ta c th nhp khong di theo phng X v Y,
khi ti dng nhc tip theo ta nhn phm ENTER.
Bi Vit Thi
Page 29
AutoCad 2004
- Trong lnh Copy c la chn Multiple, la
chn ny dng sao chp nhiu bn t
nhm cc i tng c chn.
- Chn i tng cn sao chp
- Chn tip i tng hay ENTER.
* Multiple
- Select objects
- Select objects
- <Base point or displacement>/Multiple: M
- Chn im chun.
- Base point
- Specify second point of displacement or <use - Chn im sao chp n
first point as displacement>
- Specify second point of displacement or <use - Chn tip im sao chp n hoc ENTER
first point as displacement>
kt thc lnh
Ch (1) C th chn Base point v Second point l cc im bt k.
(2) Chn cc im Base point v Second point bng cch dng cc phng thc truy
bt im.
(3) Ti dng nhc " Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as
displacement>" ta c th nhp to tng i, cc tng i, c th s dng Direct distance
v Polar tracking.
(4) Ti dng nhc "Base point or displacement" ta c th nhp khong di.
Nhp lnh
Rotate, RO
Toolbars
Lnh Rotate thc hin php quay cc i tng c chn chung quanh 1 im chun
(base point) gi l tm quay. y l 1 trong nhng lnh chnh hnh quan trng.
Hoc t Modify menu chn Rotate
Command : Rotate
- Select objects
- Chn i tng cn quay
- Select objects
- Chn tip i tng hoc ENTER kt
thc vic la chn.
- Select base point
- Chn tm quay
- Specify rotation angle or [Reference]
- Chn gc quay hoc nhp R nhp gc
tham chiu
Reference
Nu nhp R ti dng nhc cui s lm xut
hin:
Specify the reference angle <0>
- Gc tham chiu
Specify the new angle <>
- Gi tr gc mi
Nhp lnh
Scale, SC
Toolbars
Lnh Scale dng tng hoc gim kch thc cc i tng trn bn v theo 1 t l
nht nh (php bin i t l)
Hoc t Modify menu chn Scale
Command : Scale
- Select objects
- Chn i tng cn thay i t l.
- Select objects
- Chn tip i tng hoc ENTER kt
thc vic la chn.
- Specify base point
- Chn im chun l im ng yn khi thay
i t l
- Specify scale factor or [Reference]
- Nhp h s t l hay nhp R
Reference
Nu nhp R s xut hin dng nhc:
Specify reference length <1>
Nhp chiu di tham chiu, c th truy bt
2 im A v B nh chiu di
Specify new length <>
Nhp chiu di mi hoc bt im C
Bi Vit Thi
Page 30
AutoCad 2004
Nhp lnh
Mirror, MI
Toolbars
Command : Mirror
- Select objects
- Select objects
- Specify first point of mirror line
- Specify second point of mirror line
- Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>
Page 31
AutoCad 2004
Command : -Ar
- Select objects
- Select objects
- Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar]
<R>: R
- Enter the number of rows (---) <1>: 2
- Enter the number of columns (///) <1>: 3
- Specify the distance between columns (|||): 20
Nhp s hng
Nhp s ct
Khong cc
gia cc hng
Khong cc
gia cc ct
Ch nh gc
quay
Bi Vit Thi
Page 32
AutoCad 2004
b. Hp thoi Porla Array
Chn ch Array theo tm
Chn tm quay
S i tng
cn Copy ra
Gc quay c
th m hoc
dng
Bi Vit Thi
Page 33
AutoCad 2004
t lp hin hnh
To lp mi
Nhp tn lp
Tt
m
lp
Kiu ng
ng
bng
lp
Kha
mt
lp
Mu lp
- Gn v thay i mu cho
lp : Nu click vo nt vung nh
chn mu s xut hin hp thoi
Select Corlor (hnh sau) v theo hp
thoi ny ta c th gn mu cho lp
sau nhn nt OK chp nhn.
Bi Vit Thi
Xo lp
Page 34
rng
ng v
AutoCad 2004
- Gn dng ng cho
lp : Chn lp cn thay i hoc
gn dng ng. Nhn vo tn
dng ng ca lp ( ct
Linetype) khi s xut hin
hp thoi Select Linetype (hnh
sau) sau chn dng ng
mong mun sau nhn nt
OK.
u tin trn bn
v ch c mt dng ng
duy
nht
l
CONTINUOUS s
dng cc dng ng khc
trong bn v ta nhn vo
nt LOAD... trn hp thoi
Select Linetype. Khi
xut hin hp thoi Load
or Reload Linetype sau
ta chn cc dng ng
cn dng v nhn nt OK.
Sau dng ng va
chn s c ti vo hp
thoi Select Linetype
Page 35
AutoCad 2004
* ng bng v lm tan bng (FREEZE/THAW) : Ta nhn vo biu tng trng thi
FREEZE/THAW. Cc i tng ca lp ng bng khng xut hin trn mn hnh v ta khng
th hiu chnh cc i tng ny ( Khng th chn cc i tng trn lp b ng bng k c
la chn All). Trong qu trnh ti hin bn v bng lnh Regen, Zoom....cc i tng ca lp
ng bng khng tnh n v gip cho qu trnh ti hin c nhanh hn. Lp hin hnh khng
th ng bng.
* Kho lp (LOCK/UNLOCK) ta nhn vo biu tng trng thi LOCK/UNLOCK i tng
ca lp b kho s khng hiu chnh c ( khng th chn ti dng nhc "Select objects" ) tuy
nhin ta vn thy trn mn hnh v c th in chng ra c.
- Xo lp (DELETE) : Ta c th d dng xo lp d to ra bng cch chn lp v nhn
vo nt Delete. Tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp lp c chn khng xo c m s c
thng bo khng xo c nh lp 0 hoc cc lp bn v tham kho ngoi v lp cha cc i
tng bn v hin hnh.
- Ngoi ra ta c th thc hin cc lnh lin quan n tnh cht v trng thi ca lp bng
thanh cng c Objects Properties c mc nh trong vng ho
Nhp lnh
Toolbars
Ltscale
- Cc dng ng khng lin tc: HIDDEN, DASHDOT, CENTER... thng thng c
cc khong trng gia cc on gch lin. Lnh Ltscale dng nh t l cho dng ng,
ngha l nh chiu di khong trng v on gch lin. Nu t l ny nh th khong trng qu
nh v cc ng nt c v ging nh ng lin tc. T l ny qu ln th chiu di on
gch lin qu ln, nhiu lc vt qu chiu di ca i tng c v, do ta cng thy xut
hin ng lin tc. Trong AutoCAD 2004 nu ta chn bn v theo h Mt th khng cn nh
li t l dng ng.
Command: Ltscale
Nhp 1 gi tr dng bt k
Enter new linetype scale factor <1.0000>:
- Trn hp thoi Linetype Manager gi tr Ltscale c nh ti son tho Global
Scale Factor (khi chn nt Details>)
4. Bin CELTSCALE
- CELTSCALE dng gn t l dng ng cho i tng sp v. Bin ny lin quan
ti g tr t l nh bng lnh Ltscale. V d nu on thng c v vi bin CELTSCALE = 2
vi t l gn bng lnh Ltscale l 0.5 th s xut hin trn bn v ging nh on thng to bi
bin CELTSCALE = 1 trong bn v vi gi tr Ltscale = 1.
Command: CELTSCALE
Nhp 1 gi tr dng bt k
Enter new value for CELTSCALE <1.0000>:
- Nn cn phn bit rng khi thay i gi tr Ltscale s nh hng ti ton b cc i
tng trn bn v. Nhng khi thay i gi tr ca bin CELTSCALE ch nh hng ti trc tip
cc i tng sp v
- Trn hp thoi Linetype Manager gi tr bin CELTSCALE c nh ti bi son
tho Current Objects Scale (khi chn nt Details>)
Bi Vit Thi
Page 36
AutoCad 2004
Chn mu mt ct
Chn tn mu
Hin th hnh nh mu
Nhp nghing
T l cho mt ct
Xem trc mt ct
Bi Vit Thi
Page 37
AutoCad 2004
b. Trang Advanced
Chn kiu mt ct
Bi Vit Thi
Page 38
AutoCad 2004
c. Trang Gradient
Nhp lnh
HatchEdit
Toolbars
Cho php ta hiu chnh mt ct lin kt. Ta c th nhp lnh hoc nhp p chut ti i
tng cn thay i sau s xut hin hp thoi Hatch Edit cho ta hiu chnh.
Tng t nh hp thoi Boundary Hatch ta chn cc thng s cn thay i sau
nhn nt OK hon tt cng vic.
Bi Vit Thi
Page 39
AutoCad 2004
Toolbars
To kiu ch
Chn Font ch
Dng ch i
xng thng ng
Dng ch nm
theo phng
thng ng
Nhp nghing ch
Page 40
AutoCad 2004
2. To cc kiu kch thc DimStyle (D) hoc Ddim hoc Dimension \ Style
Menu bar
Dimension\Style
Nhp lnh
DimStyle, Ddim hoc D
Toolbar
S dng lnh ny to kiu kch thc mi, hiu chnh kch thc c sn. Trn cc
hp thoi c cc hnh nh minh ho khi thay i cc bin
Sau khi vo lnh xut hin hp thoi sau
Bi Vit Thi
Page 42
AutoCad 2004
+ 1st : Dng m tn cho u kch thc th nht
+ 2nd : Dng m tn cho u kch thc th hai
+ Leader: Dng m tn cho u ng dn dng ch thch
+ Arrow size: ln ca u m tn
- Center Marks : Du tm v ng tm
+ Type : t kiu du tm.
+ Size : Kch thc du tm.
Page 44
AutoCad 2004
* Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn nm gia hai ng ging cn ch s kch thc nm
ngoi ng ging.
* Khi khng ch cho ch s kch thc hoc mi tn th c hai s nm ngoi ng ging.
+ Arrows: V tr ch s kch thc v m tn c sp xp nh sau.
* Khi ch cho mi tn v ch s kch thc th c hai s nm trong hai ng ging
* Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn nm gia hai ng ging cn ch s kch thc nm
ngoi ng ging.
* Khi khng ch cho mi tn th c hai s nm ngoi ng ging.
+ Text: V tr ch s kch thc v m tn c sp xp nh sau.
* Khi ch cho mi tn v ch s kch thc th c hai s nm trong hai ng ging
* Khi ch ch cho ch s kch thc th ch s nm trong hai ng ging cn mi tn nm
ngoi ng ging.
* Khi khng ch cho ch s kch thc th c hai s nm ngoi ng ging.
+ Both text and Arrows: Khi khng chc cho ch s khch thc v mi tn
th c hai s nm ngoi ng ging.
+ Always keep text between Ext Lines: Ch s kch thc lun nm trong hai
ng ging.
+ Suppress Arrows if They Don't Fit Inside Extension lines: Khng xut
hin m tn nu khng ch. Vi iu kin l ch s kch thc phi nm trong hai ng
ging.
Bi Vit Thi
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AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi
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AutoCad 2004
- Zero Suppression: iu khin s hin th cc s 0 khng c ngha i vi cc n v
dung sai lin kt..
- Alternate Unit Tolerance: Gn chnh xc v quy tc b s 0 khng c ngha i
vi cc n v dung sai lin kt.
+ Precision : Hin th v gn chnh xc
+ Zero Suppression: iu khin s hin th cc s 0 khng c ngha
Hoc Dimlinear
- im gc ng ging th nht
- im gc ng ging th hai
- Chn 1 im nh v tr ng kch thc
hoc nhp to tng i
Commamd:
Khong cch gia ng kch thc (Dimension line) v i tng cn ghi kch thc nm
trong khong 6-10mm.
Bi Vit Thi
Page 50
AutoCad 2004
Horizontal
Ghi kch thc nm ngang, khi chn H xut hin dng nhc:
- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Chn v tr ng kch thc hoc s dng
Text/Angle]:
cc la chn
- Dimension text =
Vertical
Ghi kch thc thng ng, nhp V xut hin cc dng nhc tng t la chn Horizontal.
Nhp lnh
Dimaligned, Dimali hoc DAL
Toolbar
Bi Vit Thi
Page 52
AutoCad 2004
d3. Ghi chui kch thc gc ni tip
Ta thc hin nh sau:
Command : DAN
- Select arc, circle, line or <specify vertex>:
- Specify angle vertex:
- Specify first angle endpoint:
- Specify second angle endpoint:
- Specify dimension arc line location or [Mtext
/Text/Angle]:
Command : DCO
Specify a second extension
[Undo/Select] <Select>:
Specify a second extension
[Undo/Select] <Select>:
Specify a second extension
[Undo/Select] <Select>:
Specify a second extension
[Undo/Select] <Select>:
Specify a second extension
[Undo/Select] <Select>:
Specify a second extension
[Undo/Select] <Select>:
Specify a second extension
[Undo/Select] <Select>:
Hoc Dimangular
Chn nh gc, v d tm vng trn ln
Xc nh im cui cnh th nht
Xc nh im cui cnh th hai
Chn v tr ng cung kch thc
Hoc Dimcontinue
line origin or Chn cnh tip ti im P3
line origin or Chn cnh tip ti im P4
line origin or Chn cnh tip ti im P5
line origin or Chn cnh tip ti im P6
line origin or Chn cnh tip ti im P7
line origin or Chn cnh tip ti im P8
line origin or
Toolbar
Hoc Dimdiameter
Command : DDI
Select arc or circle:
Chn ng trn ti 1 im bt k.
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ V tr ca ng kch thc.
Text/Angle]:
Khi ghi kch thc l hoc ng trn c ng knh nh th mi tn v ch s kch
thc nm ngoi ng trn.
du tm (Center mark) v ng tm (Center line) khng xut hin th trc khi ghi
kch thc bn knh v ng knh ta nh bin DIMCEN = 0 hoc chn loi (Type) ca Center
Marks for Circles trn hp thoi New (Modify) Dimension Styles l None.
La chn Mtext, Text v Angle trong lnh Dimdiameter tng t nh cc la chn
trong lnh Dimlinear.
Nhp lnh
Dimradius, Dimrad hoc DRA
Page 54
Toolbar
AutoCad 2004
b. Lnh Leader (LED) ghi kch thc theo ng dn
Menu bar
Nhp lnh
Toolbars
Dimension\Leader
Leader hoc LED
Lnh Leader ghi ch thch cho ng dn, nh s v tr trong bn v lp Leader l
mt i tng bao gm u mi tn gn vi cc phn on l ng thng hoc ng spline.
Ngoi ra, c mt on thng nh ngang nm di dng ch m t. Nu kch thc l lin kt
(bin DIMASSOC = ON) th im bt u ca leader s lin kt vi mt v tr ca i tng.
Nu i tng hnh hc thay i v tr th mi tn ca leader s lin kt vi i tng v cc
ng dn s ko gin ra, cc dng ch thch vn nm trn v tr c.
Command : Leader
Specify leader start point:
Specify next point:
Specify next point:
Specify next point or [Annotation/Format/
Undo] <Annotation>:
Enter first line of annotation text or
<options>:
Enter next line of annotation text:
im dn u tin P1
im dn k tip P2
im dn k tip P3 hoc ENTER
Nhp dng ch hoc ENTER
Nhp dng ch vo hoc ENTER
Copy
Sao chp mt i tng l dng ch (nhp bng lnh Text, Dtext hoc Mtext) vo u ng
dn. Dng ch ny s lin kt vi kch thc ghi. Khi nhp C s xut hin:
Select an object to copy: Chn dng ch cn sao chp.
Block: Chn mt block vo u ng dn. Khi nhp B:
Enter block name or [?]:
None: Khng c ch thch ti u ng dn.
Undo :Hu b mt nh va chn trong lnh Leader.
Bi Vit Thi
Page 56
AutoCad 2004
Command : Block
Khi xut hin hp thoi Block Denifition.
Bi Vit Thi
Page 58
AutoCad 2004
b. Trnh t to block bng hp thoi Block Denifition
to block ta thc hin theo trnh t sau:
- Thc hin lnh Block (hoc t Draw menu chn Block>Make..), hp thoi Block Denifition
xut hin.
- Nhp tn block vo son tho Name, v d GHE.
- Chn nt Select Objects< s tm thi ng hp thoi tr v vng ho bn v v s dng
cc phng php chn khc nhau chn cc i tng ca block. Sau khi chn xong cc i
tng, nhp ENTER s xut hin li hp thoi Block Denifition. Cn ch rng khi chn cc
i tng th s cc i tng chn s xut hin di khung Objects.
- Nhp im chun chn (Insertion base point) ti cc X, Y, Z hoc chn nt Pick Point<
chn mt im chn trn vng ho.
- Nhn nt OK kt thc lnh. Nu ta chn nt Delete trn vng Objects th khi cc i
tng to block s b xo i, mun phc hi cc i tng ny ta thc hin lnh Oops. Mun
gi li cc i tng to block ta chn nt Retain. Mun chuyn cc i tng c chn thnh
block ngay sau khi to block, ta chn nt Convert to Block.
Ch
- Ta c th thay i gc quay v im chn ca block bng lnh Change.
- truy bt im chn block (Insertion point) ta s dng phng thc bt im INSert.
- Cc block c th xp lng nhau (nested block) trong block BAN cha block GHE, trong
bn v OFFICE.DWG ta chn block BAN vo.
c. To block bng lnh Block
Nu thc hin lnh Block th ta c th to block theo cc dng nhc lnh tng t cc phin
bn trc .
Command : -Block
Enter block name or [?]:
Specify insertion base point:
Select objects:
Select objects:
Nhp tn block
Chn im chun chn
Chn cc i tng to block
Tip tc chn cc i tng hoc ENTER kt
thc lnh
Bi Vit Thi
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AutoCad 2004
a. Chn block vo bn v (lnh Insert)
Menu bar
Nhp lnh
Insert>Block
Insert
Toolbars
Draw
S dng lnh Insert chn block hoc file bn v vo trong bn v hin hnh.
Hoc t Insert menu chn Block
Command : Insert
Xut hin hp thoi Insert.
Cc la chn hp thoi Insert
Name
Ch nh tn ca block hoc file bn v cn chn vo bn v hin hnh. Block m bn chn
trong ln ny s l block mc nh cho cc ln chn bng lnh Insert sau . Bin h thng
INSNAME lu tr tn ca block mc nh.
Browse
Lm xut hin hp thoi Select Drawing File (tng t khi thc hin lnh Open), trn hp
thoi ny bn c th chn block hoc file bn v cn chn.
Path
Ch nh ng dn ca file bn v chn.
Insertion point
Ch nh im chn ca block.
Specify On-Screen
Khi chn nt ny v chn OK th hp thoi Insert tm thi ng li v ta
nh im chn trn bn v theo dng nhc:
Specify
insertion
point
or
[Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]:
X, Y, Z
Nhp honh , tung v cao im chn.
Scale
Ch nh t l cho block hoc bn v c chn. Nu nhp gi tr t l X, Y v Z m th cc
block hoc file bn v c chn s i xng qua trc.
Specify On-Screen
Ch nh t l chn bng cc dng nhc
Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]:
Chn cc la chn
Cc la chn
X, Y, Z
T l chn theo phng X, Y, Z
Scale
T l chn theo cc phng X, Y v Z ging nhau.
PScale
La chn ny cho php xem trc hnh nh block trn mn hnh trc khi chn.
Khi nhp PS xut hin cc dng nhc sau:
Specify preview scale factor for XYZ axes: Nhp t l xem trc
Specify insertion point:
Chn im chn
Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ]<1>:
Nhp t l theo phng X
PX, PY, PZ
La chn ny cho php xem trc hnh nh block trn mn hnh trc khi chn.
Uniform Scale T l chn X, Y, Z ging nhau, khi ch nhp mt gi tr t l X.
Rotation
Ch nh gc quay cho block c chn
Bi Vit Thi
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AutoCad 2004
Angle
Specify On-Screen
Explode
Ph v cc i tng ca block sau khi chn. Khi ta ch cn nhp t l X (v X, Y v Z bng
nhau). Cc i tng thnh phn ca block v trn lp 0 th s nm trn lp ny. Cc i tng
c gn BYBLOCK s c mu trng. i tng c dng ng gn l BYBLOCK th s c
dng ng CONTINUOUS.
b. Trnh t chn block hoc file vo bn v hin hnh
chn block v file bn v, ta thc hin theo trnh t sau:
- Thc hin lnh Insert (hoc t Insert menu chn Block) s xut hin hp thoi Insert.
- Nhp tn block hoc tn file (vi ng dn) ti son tho Name.
- Nu khng nh tn block hoc file, ta c th chn t danh sch hoc chn nt Browse lm
xut hin cc hp thoi Select Drawing File cho php ta chn file chn.
- Nu chn nt Specify on Screen v nt OK th ta ln lt nhp: Insertion point (im chn), X,
Y-Scale (t l chn theo phng thc X, Y), Rotation angle (gc quay block) trn dng nhc
lnh (tng t lnh -Insert)
- Nu mun block c ph v sau khi chn, ta chn nt Explode trn hp thoi Insert.
Block c th chn v tr bt k, vi t l theo phng X, Y khc nhau v quay chung quanh
im chn 1 gc tu .
c. Chn block vi t l chn m
T l chn c th m. Nu t l X m th block c chn i xng qua trc song song vi trc
Y v i qua im chn (tng t thc hin lnh Mirror qua trc song song trc Y). Nu Y m
th block c chn i xng qua trc song song vi trc X v i qua im chn (tng t thc
hin lnh Mirror qua trc song song trc X)
d. Mu v dng ng ca block
Mu v dng ng ca block khi chn c xc nh khi to block:
(1) Nu block c to trn lp 0 (lp 0 l lp hin hnh khi to block) th khi chn block c
mu v dng ng ca lp hin hnh.
(2) Nu block c to vi mu v dng ng l BYLAYER trong mt lp c tn ring
(khng phi lp 0) th khi chn block vn gi nguyn mu v dng ng theo lp
(BYLAYER) i tng to block.
(3) Nu block c to vi mu v dng ng c gn BYBLOCK, th khi chn s c mu v
dng ng ang gn cho cc i tng ca bn v hin hnh hoc theo mu v dng ng
ca lp hin hnh.
(4) Nu i tng to block c mu v dng ng c gn ring (khng phi theo
BYLAYER hoc BYBLOCK) th block s gi mu v dng ng ring ca n.
e. Lnh Insert
Khi thc hin lnh Insert s xut hin cc dng nhc cho php ta chn block hoc file bn v
vo bn v hin hnh nh cc phin bn trc .
Command : - Insert
Enter block name or [?]: GHE
Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/
Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]:
Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner
or [Corner/XYZ] <1>:
Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>:
Specify rotation angle <0>:
Bi Vit Thi
Nhp tn block
nh im chn block
Nhp h s t l theo phng X
Nhp h s t l theo phng Y
Nhp gc quay
Page 62
AutoCad 2004
Lnh Wblock (Write block to file) s dng lu mt block hoc mt s i tng ca bn v
hin hnh thnh mt file bn v mi. Block c lu thnh file phi nm trong bn v hin
hnh. File bn v sau khi c to bng lnh Wblock c th chn vo file bn v khc.
Nu ta mun chn mt block hoc mt s i tng ca file bn v hin hnh (v d block GHE
trn file TABLE.DWG) vo file bn v khc (v d ROOM.DWG) th ta thc hin theo trnh t:
- u tin ti bn v TABLE.DWG ta s dng lnh Wblock lu block GHE bn v ny thnh 1
file (v d CHAIR.DWG)
- Sau ti bn v ROOM.DWG thc hin lnh Insert chn file va to (CHAIR.DWG) vo.
Ch
Trong AutoCAD 2004, ta c th s dng AutoCAD Design Center ko mt block ca mt
file bn v bt k vo bn v hin hnh.
a. To file t block c sn
to mt file bn v t mt block sn c ta thc hin theo trnh t sau:
- Thc hin lnh Wblock xut hin hp thoi Write block.
- Ti vng Source ta chn nt block.
- Ta nhp tn file vo son tho File name, cn ch n ng dn ( son tho Location:)
v n v ( son tho Insert units:)
- Sau chn block cn lu thnh file ti danh sch ko xung trong mc Source.
- Nhp phm OK.
b. To file t mt s i tng ca bn v
Nu mun s dng lnh Wblock lu mt s i tng ca bn v hin hnh thnh mt file
ta thc hin nh sau:
- Thc hin lnh Wblock xut hin hp thoi Write block.
- Ti vng source ta chn Objects.
- Nhp tn file vo son tho File name.
- Chn im chun chn (Base point) v i tng (Objects) tng t hp thoi Block
Definition.
- Chn nt OK.
c. Lu tt c i tng bn v hin hnh thnh mt file
Ta c th lu tt c cc i tng bn v thnh file, tuy nhin lnh Wblock, khc vi lnh
Saveas, l ch nhng i tng bn v v cc i tng c t tn (Named Objects) nh:
block, lp (layer), kiu ch (text style) c s dng trong bn v mi c lu.
Command: Wblock
Xut hin hp thoi Write block. Ti vng Source ta chn Entire drawing. Nhp tn file vo
son tho File name v chn nt OK.
lu cc i tng hoc block thnh file bn v ta c th s dng lnh Export (danh mc
ko xung File, mc Export). Xut hin hp thoi Export v ta chn Block (*.dwg) ti danh
sch ko xung Save as type:
Page 64
AutoCad 2004
Nhp lnh
Toolbars
Textfill
Tu vo gi tr ca bin TEXTFILL cc ch c c t hay l ch xut hin cc ng
vin. Nu bin TEXTFILL l ON (1) th ch c t v ngc li
Command: TextFill
- Nhp gi tr mi cho bit l 0 hoc l 1
- Enter new value for TEXTFILL <1>:
Chn FONT ch
Dng phn s
Chn c ch
Ch m
Lu v thot
Chn mu ch
Ch nghing
Ch gch chn
Page 41
AutoCad 2004
Cc mc trong hp thoi Dimension Style Manager
+ Style : Danh sch cc kiu kch thc c sn trong bn v hin hnh
+ Lits : Chn cch lit k cc kiu kch thc
+ SetCurent: Gn mt kiu kch thc ang chn lm hin hnh
+ New...: To kiu kch thc mi lm xut hin hp thoi Create New Dimension Styel Sau
ta t tn cho kiu kch thc sau chn Continue s xut hin hp thoi New Dimension
Style v sau ta gn cc ch cho kiu kch thc mi ny.
+ Modify...: Hiu chnh kch thc sn c
+ Override...Hin th hp thoi Override Dimension Style trong bn c th gn chng tm
thi cc bin kch thc trong kiu kch thc hin hnh. AutoCad ch gn chng khng ghi li
trong danh sch Style
+ Compare....: Lm hin th hp thoi Compare Dimension Style trong bn c th so snh g
tr cc bin gia hai kiu kch thc hoc quan st tt c gi tr cc bin ca kiu kch thc.
a. To kiu kch thc mi : to kiu kch thc mi ta chn nt New khi xut
hin hp thoi Create New Dimension Style
Page 43
AutoCad 2004
2nd Extension Line Ch s kch thc nm lch v pha ng ging th
hai
Over 1st Extension V tr ch s kch thc nm trn ng ging th nht
Line
Over 2nd
Extension Line
Page 45
AutoCad 2004
Page 47
AutoCad 2004
Page 49
AutoCad 2004
a2. Phng php chn i tng o kch thc.
Ti dng nhc u tin ca lnh Dimlinear (hoc Dimalign) ta nhn phm ENTER:
Hoc Dimlinear
Command : DLI
- Specify first extension line origin or <select - Ti dng nhc ny ta nhn ENTER
object>:
- Chn i tng cn ghi kch thc.
- Select object to dimension:
- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Chn 1 im nh v tr ng kch thc
Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]:
Tu thuc vo hng ko (hng ca si dy thun ko) ti dng nhc Specify
dimension line location or ta ghi cc kch thc thng khc nhau. Nu ko ngang th ta ghi
kch thc thng ng hoc ko ln hoc xung ta ghi kch thc ngang.
Cc la chn khc
Rotated
La chn ny ghi kch thc c ng kch thc nghing vi ng chun mt gc no .
Hoc Dimlinear
Command : DLI
- Specify first extension line origin or <select - Bt im P1
object>:
- Specify second extension line origin:
- Bt im P2
- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Ti dng nhc ny ta chn tham s R
Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]:R
- Nhp gc nghing v d l 600
- Specify angle of dimension line <0>: 60
- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Chn 1 im nh v tr ng kch thc
Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]:
Text
Dng nhp ch s kch thc hoc cc k t trc (prefix) v sau (suffix) ch s kch thc:
- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp tham s T
Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]: T
- Nhp gi tr hoc ENTER chn mc nh
- Dimension text <>:
Mtext
Khi nhp M vo dng nhc Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ Text/ Angle/
Horizontal/ Vertaical/ Rotated]: s xut hin hp thoi Text Formatting (tng t hp thoi
khi s dng lnh Mtext). Trn hp thoi ny ta nhp ch s kch thc, tin t (prefix), hu t
(suffix) nhp cc k hiu, v d: , 0, ta nhp theo bng sau:
K hiu
Cch nhp
Hin th
%%o
%%o36,63
36.63 c gch trn u
%%u
%%u36,63
36.63
%%d
36,36%%d
36,360
%%p
%%p36,36
36,36
%%c
%%c36,36
36,36
%%%
36,36%%%
36,36%
Angle
nh gc nghing cho dng ch s kch thc so vi phng ngang
- Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ - Ti dng nhc ny ta nhp tham s A
Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertaical/Rotated]:A
- Nhp gi tr gc nghing ch s kch thc
- Specify angle of dimension text:
Bi Vit Thi
Page 51
AutoCad 2004
c1. Kch thc cng chun vi kch thc va ghi: Nu ta ghi chui kch thc song song
vi kch thc va ghi (kch thc P1P2) th tin hnh nh sau:
Hoc Dimbaseline
Command : DBA
- Specify a second extension line origin or - Gc ng ging th hai P3
[Undo/Select] <Select>:
Dimension text = 70
- Specify a second extension line origin or - Gc ng ging th hai P4
[Undo/Select] <Select>:
- Specify a second extension line origin or - Tip tc chn gc ng ging th hai P5
[Undo/Select] <Select>:
- Specify a second extension line origin or - Tip tc chn gc ng ging th hai P6
[Undo/Select] <Select>:
- Specify a second extension line origin or - Nhp phm ESC hoc ENTER hai ln
[Undo/Select] <Select>:
c2. Chn ng chun kch thc: Nu mun chui kch thc song song vi mt kch thc
c (khng phi l kch thc va ghi) th ti dng nhc u tin ta nhp ENTER. Khi ,
dng nhc sau y s xut hin:
Hoc Dimbaseline
Command : DBA
Specify a second extension line origin or
[Undo/Select] <Select>:
- Chn ng ging chun lm ng ging
Select base dimension:
Specify a second extension line origin or th nht
[Undo/Select] <Select>:
- Gc ng ging th hai P3
Specify a second extension line origin or
[Undo/Select] <Select>:
- Gc ng ging th hai P4
Nhp lnh
Dimcontinue, Dimcont hoc DCO
Toolbar
Page 53
AutoCad 2004
Hoc Dimradius
Command : DRA
Select arc or circle:
Chn cung trn ti 1 im bt k.
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/ V tr ca ng kch thc.
Text/Angle]:
Khi ghi kch thc cung trn c bn knh nh th mi tn v ch s kch thc nm
ngoi ng trn.
La chn Mtext, Text v Angle trong lnh Dimradius tng t nh cc la chn trong
lnh Dimlinear.
Toolbar
Hoc Dimangular
Chn im nh ca gc
Xc nh im cui cnh th nht
Xc nh im cui cnh th hai
Chn v tr ng kch thc
Page 55
AutoCad 2004
Bi Vit Thi
Page 57
AutoCad 2004
Nu to dng nhc Enter block name <> ta nhp ? s lit k danh sch cc block c trong
bn v.
Nu to dng nhc Enter block name <> ta nhp du ng (~) th s hin th hp thoi Select
Drawing File.
Bn c th kim tra s chn block vo trong bn v ti dng nhc Enter block name <> nh
sau:
- Chn block c ph v
Nu nhp du hoa th (*) trc tn block th khi chn, block b ph v thnh cc i tng n.
- Cp nht ng dn cho block
Nu bn nhp tn block cn chn m khng nhp ng dn (path) th AutoCAD u tin s
tm kim trong d liu bn v hin hnh c tn block hoc file bn v bn va nhp khng. Nu
khng tm c th AutoCAD s tm tn file trong cc ng dn hin c. Nu AutoCAD tm
c file ny th s s dng file ny nh mt block trong sut qu trnh chn. Sau file bn v
va chn th chng tr thnh block ca bn v hin hnh. Bn c th thay th nh ngha block
hin ti bng file bn v khc bng cch nhp ti dng nhc Enter Block Name:
Block name (tn block c s dng) = file name (tn file bn v)
Khi cc block chn s c cp nht bng block hoc file mi.
- Cp nht nh ngha Block Definition
Nu bn mun thay i cc block chn bng mt file bn v hoc block khc th ti dng
nhc Enter Block Name: nhp tn block hoc tn file bn v.
Block name =
Khi xut hin cc dng nhc tip theo:
Block current already exists. Redefine it? [Yes/No] <No>:
Nhp Y hoc N. Nu bn nhp Y th AutoCAD thay th nh ngha block hin hnh bi
mt nh ngha block mi. AutoCAD ti to bn v v nh ngha mi s p dng cho ton b
cc block chn. Nhn phm ESC ti dng nhc nhp im chn sau y nu nh bn khng
mun chn block mi.
Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/ Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]:
Chn la chn
Ta c th nhp Rotation angle hoc cc t l chn X, Y, Z trc khi xut hin dng nhc
Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner, or [Corner/XYZ] <1>: bng cch nhp R hoc
S, Y, Z ti dng nhc Specify Insertion point , v d:
Command : - Insert
Enter block name <>:
Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/
Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]: R
Specify rotation angle <0>: 45
Specify insertion point or [Scale/X/Y/Z/
Rotate/PScale/PX/PY/PZ/PRotate]:
Enter X scale factor, specify opposite corner,
or [Corner/XYZ] <1>:
Enter Y scale factor <use X scale factor>:
Ch
hnh nh ca block khi chn hin th ng trn mn hnh ta chn bin DRAGMODE = 1.
Bi Vit Thi
Nhp lnh
Wblock, W
Page 63
Toolbars
AutoCad 2004
Mun ph v block chn thnh cc i tng n ta s dng lnh Explode. Trong
AutoCAD 2004, ta c th ph v block vi t l chn X, Y khc nhau. Cc i tng n c
cc tnh cht (mu, dng ng, lp) nh trc khi to block.
Command: Explode
- Select objects:
- Select objects:
- Chn block cn ph v
- Tip tc chn hoc nhn phm ENTER thc hin
lnh
Nu block c to thnh t cc i tng phc: a tuyn, mt ct, dng ch th ln
u tin ta thc hin lnh Explode ph v block thnh cc i tng phc, sau ta tip tc
thc hin lnh Explode ph v cc i tng phc ny thnh cc i tng n. Khi ph v
ng trn v cung trn c t l chn khc nhau, th chng s tr thnh elip hoc cung elip.
b. Ph v block bng lnh Xplode
Menu bar
Nhp lnh
Toolbars
Xplode
Mun ph v Block chn thnh cc i tng n ban u vi cc tnh cht ta gn
ring cho tng i tng hoc cho tt c cc i tng th s dng lnh Xplode. Ta ch c th
thc hin lnh Xplode vi cc block c t l chn X, Y theo gi tr tuyt i bng nhau.
XIV. In bn v.
Thc hin in bn v ta thc hin nh sau
Menu bar
Nhp lnh
File \ Plot
Plot hoc Print
Sau khi vo lnh xut hin hp thoi Plot sau.
Bi Vit Thi
Page 65
Toolbars
AutoCad 2004
1. Trang Plot Device : Ch nh my in s dng, bng kiu in, thng tin v vic in ra File
* Plotter Configuration: Hin th tn my in ca h thng nu c nhiu my in ta c
th chn tn my in cn dng trong danh sch Name.
- Nt Properties : Chnh hoc xem cu hnh my in hin hnh.
- Nt Hints : Hin th thng tin v thit b in.
* Plot Style Table (pen Assignments): Gn, hiu chnh hoc to mi bng kiu in.
- Khung Name : Hin th bng kiu in c dng.
- Nt Edit: Hin th Plot Style Table Editor hiu chnh bng kiu in ang chn.
- Nt New: Dng to bng kiu in mi.
Sau khi chn c bn kiu in ta nhn vo nt Edit gn nt v cn thit cho cc kiu
ng khc nhau. Nht nt Edit xut hin hp thoi sau. Tip ta chn trang Form View
Trong ta chn mu tng ng cn gn kiu mu in ra v nt v trong kung Plot Styles
sau ta chn mu bn khung Color bn phi. V d nh: Trn bn v ta v bng mu vng
nhng khi in ra ta gn mu vng thnh mu en cho nt v .
Tn bng kiu in ang c hiu chnh
Gn kiu mu c in ra
Chn mu cn thay i
Gn kiu ng c in ra
Gn rng nt v
Gn kiu kt thc ca nt v
Gn kiu kiu t c
Page 66
AutoCad 2004
2. Trang Plot Settings ( hin thi khi ta click chut vo trang ny.) Dng ch nh kh giy,
vng in, hng in, T l in, .....
* Paper Size and Paper Units: Chn kh giy in v n v in theo inch hoc mm
* Drawing Orientation: Ch nh hng in bn v:
- Landscape : Chn kiu in ngang
- Portrait : Chn kiu in ng
- Bn c th kt hp cc la chn Portrait hoc Landscape vi vung Plot UpsideDown quay bn v mt gc 00 , 900 , 1800 , 2700 .
* Plot Area : Ch nh vng in bn v.
- Thng thng ta dng la chn Window xc nh khung ca s cn in . Khung ca
s cn in ny c xc nh bi hai im gc i din ca ng cho khung ca s. Sau khi
chn nt WinDow ta hay dng phng php truy bt im xc nh 2 im l ng cho
ca khung cn in.
* Polt Scale: Thng thng ta chn Scale to Fit lc ny AutoCad t ng Scale khung
ca s vo kh giy in ca my in mt cch t ng.
* Plot Offset : im gc bt u in l im gc tri pha di ca vng in c ch
nh.
* Plot Options : Ch nh cc la chn cho chiu rng nt in. kiu in v bng kiu in
hin hnh.
- Plot with Lineweights: In theo chiu rng nt in nh trn hp thoi Layer
Properties Manager.
- Plot with Plot Style: Khi in s dng kiu in gn cho i tng trn bng kiu in. Tt
c cc nh ngha vi cc c trng tnh cht khc nhau c lu tr trn bng kiu in. La
chn ny thay th cho Pen Assignments trong cc phin bn Cad trc ca AutoCad.
- Plot Paperspace Last: u tin in cc i tng trong khng gian m hnh. Thng
thng cc i tng trn khng gian giy v c in trc cc i tng trn khng gian m
hnh.
- Hide Objects: Che cc nt khut khi in.
Bi Vit Thi
Page 67
AutoCad 2004
* Partial Preview: Xut hin hp thoi Pratial Plot Preview. Hin th vng in so vi
kch thc kh giyv vng c th In
- Paper Size: Hin th kch thc kh giy c chn hin hnh
- Printable Area: Hin th vng c th in bn trong kch thc kh giy.
- Effective Area: Hin th kch thc ca bn v bn trong vng c th in
- Warnings: Hin th cc dng cnh bo
* Full Preview: Hin ln ton b bn v nh khi ta in ra giy. Hnh nh trc khi in
hin th theo chiu rng nt in m ta gn cho bn v. Trong Autocad 2004 nu ta nhp phm
phi khi dang quan st bn v sp in th s xut hin shortcut menu v ta c th thc hin cc
chc nng Real Time zoom, Real Time Pan.... kim tra li hnh nh sp in qua v hp
thoi in ta chn Exit
3. Cui cng: Khi thit lp c cc thng s cn thit cho bn in ta nhn nt OK
thc hin in bn v.
Bi Vit Thi
Page 68