Tp ch Khoa hc v Pht trin 2008: Tp VI, S 2: 192-201

I HC NNG NGHIP H NI

S DNG ANSYS TRONG MI TRNG INVENTOR

TNH TON THIT K CHI TIT MY
Using ANSYS in autodesk Inventor for design details machine
Hu Quyt
Khoa C in, Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni

SUMMARY
Inventor software - a product of Autodesk company that can build 3D objects conveniently,
visually and intelligently, has been broadly used in mechanical designing as well as in other technical
fields. Among product lines of ANSYS Technology, ANSYS/Design Space is one neat tool that allows to
fast calculate in some design drawing environments using computer. ANSYS in Inventor environment
combines advantages of Inventor and DesignSpace to create a highly convenient tool for designing
parts of machines. Beside designing ability for general parts of machine using solved programs,
ANSYS in Inventor environment can also design the parts with any shapes. This article introduces
some computing results for durability, hardness and determination of free vibration specifications for
machine parts with any shapes using ANSYS/DesignSpace software in Autodesk Inventor Professional
11 environment.
Key words: ANSYS, deformation, inventor, modal analysis, stress.

1. T VN
Phng php phn t hu hn c bit
n t lu, nhng ch trong nhng nm gn y,
t khi my vi tnh c c s dng ph bin,
th phng php ny mi thc s c ng dng
rng ri.
Da trn thut ton ca phng php phn
t hu hn, nhiu phn mm m phng s ra
i, cho php gii quyt hu ht cc bi ton
thng gp trong cc ngnh k thut. ANSYS,
sn phm ca hng ANSYS Technology l mt
v d in hnh v nhng phn mm nh vy.
Ngoi sn phm tng qut nht l
ANSYS/Multiphysics c s dng rt rng ri
trong hu ht cc lnh vc k thut, cn c nhiu
dng sn phm chuyn dng cho cc lnh vc
khc nhau (Nguyn Vit Hng, Nguyn Trng
Ging, 2003).
ANSYS/Mechanical cho php c lp gii
quyt trn vn cc bi ton trong lnh vc kt cu
v nhit vi chnh xc ty , nhng vic s
dng n trong mt s trng hp kh phc tp,
ngoi ra thao tc xy dng cc vt th v kh
nng m phng chuyn ng khng c u tin
nn cc chc nng ny ca ANSYS khng mnh.
Dng sn phm ANSYS/DesignSpace l mt
192

cng c gn, nh cho php tnh ton nhanh trong

nhiu mi trng thit k c s tr gip ca my
vi tnh (CAD).
Phn mm Inventor l mt sn phm ca
hng Autodesk, c kh nng xy dng cc vt
th 3D tin li, trc quan v thng minh, c s
dng rng ri trong thit k c kh v cc lnh
vc k thut khc (Phan nh Hun, Tn Tht
Ti, 2002).
S tch hp ANSYS/DesignSpace trong mi
trng Inventor khai thc c cc th mnh ca
Inventor v ANSYS to cho ngi thit k
mt cng c rt thun tin trong tnh ton thit k
cc chi tit my. Bn cnh kh nng tnh ton
thit k cc chi tit my c cng dng chung
di dng cc chng trnh gii sn (An Hip,
Trn Vnh Hng, Nguyn Vn Thip, 2006;
Autodesk Inventor Professional 11- Engineers
Handbook), ANSYS trong mi trng Inventor
cn c kh nng tnh ton thit k cc chi tit
my c hnh dng bt k.
Bi bo ny gii thiu mt s kt qu tnh
ton ng sut, bin dng v xc nh cc c
trng dao ng t do ca cc chi tit my c hnh
dng phc tp trn c s khai thc cc tnh nng
ca phn mm ANSYS/DesignSpace trong mi
trng Autodesk Inventor Professional 11.

S dng ANSYS trong mi trng Inventor...

2. VT LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIN

CU
Vt liu: My vi tnh vi phn mm
Autodesk Inventor Professional 11 c chc nng
Stress Analysis.
Phng php nghin cu: Khai thc s
dng phn mm ANSYS/ DesignSpace trong
mi trng Inventor thng qua chc nng Stress
Analysis tnh ton bin dng, ng sut v
phn tch dao ng ring ca mt s chi tit my
in hnh.

3. KT QU V THO LUN
3.1. Xc nh ng sut v bin dng trong chi
tit my
S dng ANSYS trong mi trng Inventor
cho php nhn c trng ng sut v bin
dng trong chi tit di tc dng ca cc loi ti
trng khc nhau (lc tp trung, lc phn b theo
din tch, m men tp trung, lc th tch,v.v.).
Sau khi khai bo vt liu ch to chi tit my,
ANSYS s t ng cp nht c tnh ca vt liu
v xc nh ng sut cho php. Vic chia li
c thc hin t ng nhng mn ca li

c th iu chnh c, qua c th nhn c

kt qu vi cc cp chnh xc khc nhau. C
th nhn c trng ng sut trong chi tit v
tr s ng sut tng ng cc i. Cng c th
nhn c thng tin y , bao gm cc thng
tin v kch thc, khi lng chi tit my, ti
trng tc dng ln chi tit my, phn lc lin kt
pht sinh ti ngm di tc dng ca ti trng tc
dng, trng ng sut v bin dng ca chi tit,
ng sut cho php v h s an ton ca chi tit.
Trng ng sut v bin dng trong chi tit my
c th c biu th di dng nh vi tr s th
hin qua bng ch th mu. Ngoi ra cn c th
nhn c phim camera minh ha qu trnh bin
dng v pht sinh ng sut trong chi tit t khi
ti trng bng khng n khi ti trng t cc
i.
S dng ANSYS trong mi trng Inventor
rt thun tin khi tnh ton cc chi tit my c
hnh dng bt k, khi m vic tnh ton ti trng
v quy i cc c trng hnh hc ca mt ct
ngang p dng cc cng thc thng dng gp
nhiu kh khn. Trn hnh 1,a m t kt cu cnh
khuy kiu chn vt, thng dng trong cc my
khuy trn thc phm c trc thng ng (A. .
, 1986)....................................................
c

Pn

d
b

a
a)

b)

Hnh 1. Trc khuy c cnh khuy kiu chn vt thc t (a) v m hnh tnh ton (b)

Cnh khuy lm bng thp Inox, dy 2,2

mm, hnh chiu ca bin dng trn mt phng
vung gc vi trc c dng elp vi kch thc
hai trc 160 x 70 (mm). Khong cch t tm elip
n tm trc l 85 mm. B mt cnh khuy ti
tm elip ca cnh nghing mt gc 320 so vi
mt phng vung gc vi trc. p sut ca sn
phm khuy trn mt lm vic (mt trn) ca
cnh xem nh phn b u vi cng 0,01
N/mm2.

Vi cnh khuy nu, tnh ton ng

sut v bin dng theo cc cng thc ca sc bn
vt liu c th a v bi ton mt dm cng xn
chu un ngang phng. n gin bi ton, ta
gi thit: B mt cnh khuy l phng v nghing
vi mt phng vung gc vi trc mt gc 32o;
p lc trn mi cnh tp trung ti tm cnh, xem
nh trng vi tm ca elip; cnh khuy c
ngm vo trc theo tit din phng hnh ch nht
c kch thc bng kch thc khai trin ca mt
193

 Hu Quyt

ngm thc t. Khi ny, m hnh tnh ton ca

cnh khuy c th hin trn hnh 1,b.
Vi din tch b mt cnh khuy F =
.a.b.cos320 = 9697 mm2, p sut phn b u
trn mt cnh khuy 0,01 N/mm2, ta xc nh
c p lc t ti tm elip Pn= 96,97 N. Vi vt
liu cnh khuy l thp Inox, ta xc nh c
m un n hi E= 193000N/mm2.
T cc tr s trn, theo s hnh 1,b, vi
a=142.5 mm, b= 37 mm, c= 67,5 mm, d= 2,2
mm, ta xc nh c ng sut un ti tit din
ngm v bin dng ln nht ti u t do theo
phng tc dng ca ti trng ca cnh theo
cng thc ca sc bn vt liu:

ymax = 4,2 mm
Cng bi ton trn, nu p dng ANSYS
trong Inventor, vic tnh ton s c thc hin
rt nhanh chng sau khi xy dng xong m hnh
khng gian 3 chiu ca cnh khuy.
Trong bng trch xut kt qu phn tch ng
sut, sau cc thng tin v gii thiu chung l cc
thng tin c th v cc kch thc bin dng,
khi lng, th tch v cch chia li trn chi tit
th hin qua s nt v s phn t (Bng 1); vt
liu, m un n hi, h s Pot xng, khi
lng ring v ng sut cho php ca chi tit
(Bng 2); ti trng t ln chi tit v trng thi
lin kt ca chi tit (Bng 3); phn lc lin kt ti
ngm (Bng 4) v kt qu phn tch (Bng 5).

max = Mu/Wu = 219,3 N/mm2

Bng 1. Kch thc v cch chia li

Bng 2. Vt liu v c tnh cnh khuy

Bng 3. Ti trng v trng thi lin kt ca chi tit

Bng 4. Phn lc lin kt ti ngm

194

S dng ANSYS trong mi trng Inventor ...

Bng 5. Kt qu phn tch ng sut

Ngoi ra trong bng trch xut kt qu cn c cc hnh nh minh ha v trng ng sut trong chi
tit (hnh 2, 3, 4), trng bin dng (hnh 5) v h s an ton (hnh 6).

Hnh 2. Trng ng sut tng ng trong chi tit

Hnh 4. Trng ng sut nn trong cnh khuy

Hnh 3. Trng ng sut ko trong cnh khuy

Hnh 5. Trng bin dng ca cnh khuy

195

Hnh 6. Trng h s an ton ca cnh khuy

 Hu Quyt

So snh hai phng php tnh ton trn, c

th thy kt qu tnh theo ANSYS chnh xc,
nhanh chng v thun li hn nhiu. Trong tnh
ton theo ANSYS, li chia c thc hin t
ng trn cnh khuy thc vi mn cao ti v
tr vng ngm. Trong kt qu tnh theo m hnh
n gin ta coi mt cnh khuy l mt phng
trong khi b mt thc ca cnh khuy l mt
xon c c gc nghing i vi trc cnh khuy
thay i; tit din ngm c xem l tit din
phng hnh ch nht, trong khi thc t n l mt
mt cong. Sai khc gia kt qu tnh ng sut
un ti tit din ngm theo m hnh n gin so
vi kt qu tnh ng sut tng ng theo
ANSYS l 20,3%. Sai khc v bin dng gia
tnh theo Sc bn vt liu trn m hnh n gin
ha v tnh theo ANSYS ln ti 63%. S sai
khc ln v bin dng gia hai kt qu l do khi
tnh ton theo Sc bn vt liu, ta xem mt
cnh khuy l mt phng v mt ngm gia cnh
v trc l mt phng hnh ch nht, trong khi
thc t mt cnh l mt cong v mt ngm gia
cnh v trc l mt cong, trong khi mt cnh
cong v mt ngm cong c kh nng chng bin
dng ln hn ng k so vi mt phng. Cc c
gng xy dng m hnh st thc hn so vi m

hnh trn hnh tnh chn trn hnh 1,b s

khng kh thi do tng tnh phc tp khi xc nh
cc i lng cn thit hoc khng c cng thc
sn c (trong chng trnh sc bn vt liu, l
thuyt n hi,) p dng.
S dng ANSYS trong Inventor cng rt
thun tin khi tnh ton cc chi tit m trong qu
trnh lm vic, ti trng tc dng ln chi tit thay
i v tr s v v tr tc ng. Trn hnh 7 th
hin kt cu ca c cu Man 6 rnh hng tm,
c s dng bin chuyn ng quay u ca
tay quay thnh chuyn ng quay dng gin
on ca chc Man, dng trn my p vin phn
N,P,K.
Trong pha truyn ng, cht Man trt dc
theo rnh trn chc Man v gt cho chc Man
quay. Lc do cht Man tc ng ln chc Man l
hm theo gc quay ca tay quay v ca m men
qun tnh ca phn b dn quy i v trn trc
chc Man. Bng cch kim tra bn ti mt s
im dc theo rnh trt ca cht Man, ta s
nh gi c bn ca chc Man. S dng
ANSYS trong mi trng Inventor, ta nhn c
kt qu nhanh chng hn nhiu so vi cch s
dng cc phng php tnh ton truyn thng.

Hnh 7. C cu Man 6 rnh hng tm

Trn hnh 8 ch ra trng ng sut v bin dng ca chc Man ti v tr nguy him nht.
196

S dng ANSYS trong mi trng Inventor ...

Hnh 8. Kt qu tnh ton sc bn chc Man

S dng ANSYS trong mi trng phn ni lc trn cc thanh ta phi gii h 540
Inventor c bit u vit khi tnh ton cc phng trnh. Cho d c th s dng mt s
khung siu tnh c lin kt ngm. Theo cc phng php gim nh khi lng tnh ton,
phng php truyn thng, khi tnh ton cc k c s dng k thut lp trnh hoc s dng cc
khung siu tnh, ngi ta thng dng phng phn mm chuyn dng nhng r rng gii
php lc hoc phng php chuyn v. Khi cn c bi ton ny vn cn rt nhiu thi gian v
xc nh ng sut v bin dng ca tt c cc cng sc, c bit l chi ph lp v kim tra
phn t ca khung phc tp c nhiu phn t, tnh ng n ca cc phng trnh.
s phng trnh s rt ln v vic gii chng i
Trong khi , nu s dng ANSYS trong
hi nhiu thi gian v cng sc.
Inventor gii, ta nhanh chng nhn c kt

Xt bi ton xc nh ng sut v bin dng

ca bnh lng trn hnh v (Hnh 9), trong trng
hp ti trng t ln 1, 2 hoc 3 mu bm.
Trong trng hp n gin nht, nu xem
bnh lng ny nh mt dn khng gian vi 90
on thanh ni khp vi nhau ti 54 nt, mi
thanh ch c duy nht mt thnh phn lc dc
theo trc thanh th xc nh lc dc trn cc
thanh phi gii h 90 phng trnh. Thc t
trn mi on thanh v nguyn tc c 6 thnh

qu vi chnh xc v tnh trc quan cao hn

rt nhiu (thc t, gii bi ton trn vn c 3
phng n, k c phn v xy dng m hnh 3D
ca bnh lng trn my vi tnh, thi gian ch mt
khong 2 ting ng h).
Cc kt qu tnh ton bnh lng khi ti trng
tc dng ln mt mu bm th hin qua trng
ng sut v trng bin dng trong tt c cc
phn t ca bnh c ch ra trn Hnh 10.

phn ni lc, xc nh c tt c cc thnh

197

 Hu Quyt

Khi thay i iu kin tnh ton, ch cn

khai bo li cc thng s vo, chng trnh s
cho kt qu tng ng vi cc thng s u vo
mi.
Nh kh nng tnh ton nhanh v chnh xc,
ngi thit k s cc k thun li trong vic la
chn phng n kt cu vi cc iu kin u
khc nhau.

mu bm

Kt qu tnh ton ng sut v bin dng ca

bnh lng trong trng hp lc t vo 2 v 3
mu bm c ch ra trn Hnh 11 v Hnh 12.
Hnh 10. Trng ng sut, bin dng ca
bnh lng khi ti t ln 1 mu bm

Hnh 11. Trng ng sut v bin dng ca bnh lng khi lm vic vi 2 mu bm

Hnh 12. Trng ng sut v bin dng ca bnh lng khi lm vic vi 3 mu bm

198

S dng ANSYS trong mi trng Inventor ...

Hnh 13. Khung my dt n gin

3.2. Xc nh tn s ring v dng dao ng

ring ca chi tit my
Vic xc nh tn s ring v dng dao ng
ring rt quan trng khi nghin cu ng lc hc
my. Dao ng t do l s xp chng cc dao
ng ring khc nhau ca h, trong khi dao ng
ring c c c trng bi tn s dao ng
ring v dng dao ng ring. Trong thc t, khi
tnh ton ng lc hc my ngi ta thng ch
quan tm n tn s dao ng ring thp nht
hoc mt vi tn s dao ng ring u tin.
Xt bi ton xc nh tn s ring v dng
dao ng ring ca khung my dt, c m hnh
n gin ha th hin trn hnh 13.
Vic tnh ton xc nh tn s dao ng
ring ca chi tit kh phc tp, gn lin vi vic
gii mt h phng trnh tuyn tnh thun nht
(Franz Holzweeibig, Hans Dresig (2001).
Hin nay vi s pht trin ca cng ngh tin
hc, nhiu phng php s c hiu qu gii cc
bi ton tr ring c ng dng.
Cc phng php ny cho php nhn c
kt qu nhanh chng nh y nhanh tc tnh
ton khi gii cc h phng trnh. Tuy nhin, khi
ny tr ngi i vi vic xc nh tn s ring v
dng dao ng ring li l vic chn m hnh
tnh sao cho ph hp vi kt cu thc ca chi tit
my hay ca h.

Cng vi bi ton nu, nu s dng

ANSYS trong mi trng Inventor th vic chn
m hnh tnh s khng cn phi quan tm v
chng trnh s t ng tnh ton ngay trn chi
tit va c thit k vi hnh dng, kch thc
thc v vt liu ch to d kin. Ngi thit k
cng c th tnh ton trn m hnh n gin ha,
l m hnh chi tit my cn tnh ton nhng
cho php b qua cc tiu tit nh l ren, li,
v.v...
Trong trng hp ny, xt v cc c trng
dao ng, sai khc gia m hnh thc v m hnh
tnh ton l khng ng k nn kt qu thu c
hu nh trng nhau.
Ni cch khc, ngi thit k c th tnh
ton xc nh tn s dao ng ring v dng dao
ng ca cc chi tit rt chnh xc, nhanh chng
v trc quan vi s dao ng ring v dng dao
ng ring u tin ty chn.
V cc kt qu, c th nhn c cc thng
tin v mt s thng s chnh (kch thc bin
dng, khi lng, th tch) ca khung my v
cch thc chia li th hin qua s nt v s
phn t (Bng 6); cc tnh cht c hc ca vt
liu khung (Bng 7) v bng thng k cc tn s
dao ng ring (Bng 8).
Bng 6. Mt s thng s chnh ca khung
v cch chia li

Ngi thit k phi cn c vo kt cu thc

ca my xy dng m hnh tnh sao cho c th
p dng c cc m hnh tnh ton chun vi
sai s nh nht c th (Franz Holzweeibig, Hans
Dresig (2001).
199

 Hu Quyt

Bng 8. Kt qu xc nh
cc tn s dao ng ring u tin

Bng 7. Mt s thng s c hc
ca vt liu khung my

Trn hnh 14 ch ra 6 tn s ring v dng

dao ng ring u tin ca khung mt my dt
c kt cu nh trn hnh 13, c ngm bi mt
vi cc kch thc bin dng ca khung D x
R x C = 1240 x 500 x 800 (mm).
Bn cnh cc kt qu nu trn, ta cn c th
nhn c phim m t dao ng ca khung my
vi 5 mc tc nhanh chm ty chn.

200

S dng ANSYS trong mi trng Inventor ...

Hnh 14. Su tn s dao ng ring v dng dao ng ring u tin ca khung my

4. KT LUN
S kt hp gia cc u th ca Inventor v
ANSYS/DesignSpace to ra mt cng c rt
thun tin trong tnh ton thit k cc chi tit
my. S dng ANSYS trong mi trng
Inventor cho php nhanh chng xc nh ng
sut v bin dng trong cc chi tit my hnh
dng bt k c t nht mt mt ngm cng nh
xc nh c tn s dao ng ring v dng
dao ng ring ca chi tit my vi chnh
xc v tnh trc quan cao.

An Hip, Trn Vnh Hng, Nguyn Vn Thip

(2006). Thit k Chi tit my trn my tnh.
NXB Giao thng vn ti, H Ni.
Phan nh Hun, Tn Tht Ti (2002). Xy dng
m hnh 3 chiu v bn v k thut bng
Inventor. NXB Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni.

Tuy rt c hiu qu trong nhiu trng

hp, nhng phn mm tnh ton thit k
ANSYS trong Inventor khng phi l mt cng
c vn nng, c th p ng tt c cc nhu cu
vn rt a dng ca ngi thit k. V vy,
ngi thit k cn bit s dng nhng cng c
thch hp cho tng bi ton c th t c
mc tiu t ra vi hiu qu cao nht.
Li cm n
Tc gi bi bo xin gi li cm n su sc
ti ng Tn Tht Ti v VietCAD Company
Ltd., nh phn phi chnh thc cc sn phm ca
hng Autodesk Inventor ti Vit Nam, cung
cp v cho php tc gi c s dng, khai thc
phn mm Autodesk Inventor Professional 11
trong cng vic nghin cu ng dng ca mnh.

5. TI LIU THAM KHO

201

 Hu Quyt

Nguyn Vit Hng, Nguyn Trng Ging (2003).

ANSYS v m phng s trong cng nghip
bng phn t hu hn. NXB Khoa hc v k
thut, H Ni.
Autodesk Inventor Professional 11, Engineers
Handbook.
. . (1961).

. 1,
- ., , Ctp.
419-424.
A. . (1986).

.
-
., , Cp.285-289.
Franz Holzweeibig, Hans Dresig (2001). Gio
trnh ng lc hc my. V Lim Chnh,
Phan Nguyn Di dch, NXB Khoa hc v K
thut, H Ni, trang 352-364.

202