COMBINATIONS OF LOADS as

per UBC 1997

A. Load Combinations Using Strength Design or Load

and Resistance Factor Design
D
DEAD LOAD
1. 1.4 D
L
LIVE LOAD
2. 1.2 D + 1.6 L + 0.5 ( Lr or S)
LR
ROOF LIVE LOAD
3. 1.2 D + 1.6 ( Lr or S ) + ( f1 L or 0.8 W)
S
SNOW LOAD
4. 1.2 D + f1 L + 0.5 ( Lr or S) + 1.3 W W
WIND LOAD
5. 1.2 D + (f1 L + f2 S) + 1.0 E
E
-- EARTHQUAKE LOAD
6. 0.9 D (1.0 E or 1.3 W)
Em
MAXIMUM EARTHQUAKE
FORCE

B. Load Combinations Using Allowable Stress Design. working stress design

1. D
2. D + L+( Lr or S )
3. D + ( W or E/1.4 )
4. 0.9 D E/1.4
5. D + 0.75 [ L + ( Lr or S ) + ( W or E/1.4 ) ]
B. ALTERNATE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

D + L + ( Lr or S)
D + L + ( W or E/1.4 )
D + L + W + 0.5 S
D + L + S + E/1.4
0.9 D E/1.4

C. Special Seismic Load Combinations.

1. 1.2 D + F1 L + Em
2. 0.9 D Em
F1

= 1.0 for floors in places of public assembly, for live loads in excess of
100 psf (4.9 kN/m2), and for garage live load.
= 0.5 for other live loads.

F2
= 0.7 for roof configurations (such as saw tooth) that do not shed snow of
the structure.
= 0.2 for other roof configurations.