Disease

PSGN

RPGN
Goodpasture
Syndrome
Wegerner
polyangitis
Diffuse proliferative
Glomerulonephritis
IgA Nephropathy
(Berger diseae)

Alport Syndrome
MPGN

Minimal Change
Disease

Focal Segmental
Glomerulosclerosis
Membranous
Nephropathy
Amyloidosis

Diabetic

Key Identification
Histology
Nephritic Syndrome
2-4 weeks after
Starry Sky, lumpy
Group A strep
bump
infection
Type III
Hypersensitivity
Crescent shaped
Type III
Hypersensitivity
Due to SLE or
membranoproliferati
ve glomerulnephritis
Renal pathology of
HSP
(Gross hematuria
occurs with
GIT/Respiratory
Infection)

Deposits
IgG, IgM, C3
deposits

Linear IF

Fibrin, plasma
proteins
PR3-ANCA/ c-ANCA

Linear IF

MPO - ANCA/c-ANCA

Wire looping,
granular

IgG-Immune
complex, C3

Mesangial
proliferation

IgA-Immune
complexes

Thinning,
splitting of BM
Thinning,
splitting of BM,
Tram Track
Nephrotic Syndrome
MCC in children
Foot process
Triggered by recent
effacement
infection,
immunization,
immune stimulus
MCC in African
Effacement,
Americans, Hispanics Segmental
Sclerosis,
Hyalinosis
MCC in Caucasian
Spike and Dome,
GBM thickening
Congo Red Stain:
Apple green
biregrinfence
under polarized
light
Kimmelstiel

IC deposits
Decreased serum
C3

IgM, C3, C1

Amyloid

Due to glycosylation

Glomerulonephropa
thy

Wilson lesion
GBM thickening
Mesangial
Expansion

Disease Descriptions

Disease

Histology

Hashimotos
Thyroidits

Subacute Thyroidits

Rieders Thyroiditis
(Silent thyroidits)
Follicular Carcinoma
Anaplastic Thyroid
Cancer
Thyroid cancer

Papillary Cancer
Medullary Thyroid
Cancer

Description
Hypothyroidism
Lymphoid aggregate Anti
sin germinal centers, Thyroidperoxidas
granular cytoplasm
e Antibodies
Hurthle Cells
Antithyroglobulin
Antibodies
Mixed cellular
Follows flu-like
infiltration,
illness
multinuclear giant
cells
(Granulomatous
inflammation)
Fibrosis

Enlarged, non
tender

Jaw pain, tender

thyroid

Hard rock like,

painless goiter

Thyroid Cancer
Uniform follicles
invading capsule
Pleomorphic giant
cells
Psammoma
bodies(concentric
calcifications),
ground glass nucleus
w/ intranuclear
grooving
Intranuclear
RET and BRAF
grooving.
mutations
Orphan Annies Eye
C cells, amyloid
MEN 2A and 2B
deposit
(RET)

Transplant Rejection
Type
Hyperacute

Onset
Minutes

Notes
Type III

Histology
Thrombosis of graft

Acute

Weeksmonths

Chronic

Months years

Graft vs Host Varies

Host Ab x Donor Ag
Type IV
Host CD8 x Donor
MHC
Type II/IV
Host CD4 x APC
Host Ab x Donor Ag
Type IV
Donor T Cells x Host
cells

IschemiaNecrosis
Vaculitis of graft vessel
Lymphocytic infiltrate
Parencymal atrophy,
arteriosclerosis. Organ
specific: Bronchiolits
obliterans, Vanishing bile duct
Maculopapular rash,
hepatosplenomegaly
Usually in bone marrow and
liver transplants(rich
lymphocytes)
Beneficial in bone marrow
transplant for leukemia

Genetic
Disease
Down
Syndrome
(Trisomy 21)

Identification
Flat Face,
Epicanthal folds, single
palmar crease, gap b/w
1st 2 toes,

Labs
High beta hCG,
low AFP

Edwards
(Trisomy 18)

Rocker bottom feet,

micrognatiha (small
jaw), low st ears,
clenched hands with
overlapping fingers
Rocker Bottom feet,
micropthalmia,
microcephaly, cleft
lip/palate,
holoprosencephaly,
polydactyly
High pitched crying

Low beta hCG

Patau
(Trisomy 13)

Cri du Chat
(5 arm
deletion)
Williams
Syndrome
(7 arm
deletion)
Klinefelter
(47XXY)

Comorbidities
Duodenal atresia,
umbilical hernia,
Hirschprung Disease,
Early onset Alzheimers
Endocardial cushion
defects (ASD, VSD)
Congenital Heart
disease

Congenital heart
disease

VSD

Elfin face,
hypercalcemia
Testicular atrophy, tall
long extremities,

Inactivated X
chromosome

Dysgenesis of
seminiferous tubules:

gynecomastia, female
hair distribution.
Turner
(45 XO)

Low inhibin B, high FSH

Leydig Cells: low
testosterone, high
estrogen and LH
Bicuspid aortic valve,
Coarctation, horseshoe
kidney

Streak ovary, Webbed

neck, cystic hygoma,
nipples wide apart

Bone Diseases
Disease
Osteoporosis
Osteopetrosis

Osteomalacia (Rickets)

Pagets disease

Osteitis fibrosa cystica

(Hyperparathyroidism)

Neurology
Childhood tumors
Tumor
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma
Ependymoma

Description
Trabecular bone
Stone bone
Bone filled marrow
spaces
Extramedullary
hematopoiesis
Epiphyseal widening,
metahysel cupping,
bead like costochondral
junctions, bow legs,
craniotabes(soft skull)
Mosaic Pattern of
lamellar bone

Normal lab values

Defective
osteoclasts

Defective
Mineralization. Low
Vit. D, Low Ca, Low
PO4 High PTH, ALP

Increased
osteocalstic
activity, increased
osteoblastic (forms
poor quality bone)
Ca, PTH - Normal,
High ALP
Sub periosteal thinning, Increased
Brown tumors, Saltosteoclastic
Pepper appearance of
activity
Skull

Histology
Rosenthal Fibers
Cystic + Solid Tumor
GFAP +
Homer Wright
Rosettes
Small blue cells
Perivascular rosettes
Rod shaped

Notes
Common in children,
posterior fossa
Compress 4th ventircle
non communicating
hydrocephalus
MC in 4th ventricle
Hydrocephalus

Cranipharyngioma

blepharoblasts
Cholesterol Crystals,
Motor oil like fluid

Pinealoma

Adult tumors
Tumor
Glioblastoma
Meningioma
Schwannoma
Oligodendroglioma

Histology
Pseudopalisading
pleomorphic tumor
cells
Psammoma bodies
Spindle cells in
whorled patter
S100
Fried egg cells,
calcified
(Oligodendrocytes)
chicken Wire capillary

Derived from Rathke

Pouch
Parinaud Syndrome
(compression of
tectumVertical
gaze), obstructive
hydrocephalus,
precocious puberty
Notes

MC Vestibulocochlear
Cant affect CN 2
MC frontal lobe