Chuyn cu iu kin

Cc loi cu iu kin:
Type

Forms

Usage

If + S + V(s,es), S+ V(s,es)/cu mnh

lnh

If + S + V(s,es), S + Will/Can/shall...... +
Vo

k c th xy ra
hin ti tng lai

If + S + V2/ Ved, S +would/ Could/

Should...+ Vo

k khng c tht
hin ti

If + S + Had + V3/Ved, S + would/

could...+ have + V3/Ved

k khng c tht
trong qu kh

k kt
hp

If + S + had + V3/Ved, S + would + Vo

3 Loi cu iu kin trong ting anh

(1) Cu iu kin loi I

Khi nim v cu iu kin loi 1

Cu iu kin loi I cn c gi l cu iu kin c thc hin ti.

iu kin c th xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai.

Cu trc - Cng thc cu iu kin loi 1

If + S + V (hin ti), S + will + V (nguyn mu)
IF + Ch ng 1 + ng t chia th hin ti n + B ng, Ch ng 2 + WILL + ng
t nguyn mu + B ng (nu c).
Ni cch khc, cu iu kin loi 1, mnh IF dng th hin ti n, mnh chnh
dng th tng lai n.

Ch ng 1 v ch ng 2 c th trng nhau. B ng c th khng c, ty ngha

ca cu. Mnh IF v mnh chnh c th ng trc hay sau u c.

Trong cu iu kin loi I, ng t ca mnh iu kin chia th hin ti n,

cn ng t trong mnh chnh chia th tng lai n. V d:

If you come into my garden, my dog will bite you. (Nu anh vo vn ca ti, con ch
ca ti s cn anh .)
If it is sunny, I will go fishing. (Nu tri nng tt, ti s i cu c.)
Cch dng cu iu kin loi 1:

Cu iu kin loi 1 cn c th c gi l cu iu kin hin ti c th c tht. Ta s

dng cu iu kin loi 1 t ra mt iu kin c th thc hin c trong hin ti
v nu kt qu c th xy ra. ng php ting anh

(2) Cu iu kin loi II

Khi nim v cu iu kin loi 2:

Cu iu kin loi II cn c gi l cu iu kin khng c thc hin ti.

iu kin khng th xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai, iu kin ch l mt gi

thit, mt c mun tri ngc vi thc trng hin ti.

Cu trc cu iu kin loi 2

If + S + V (qu kh), S + would + V (nguyn mu)
- Trong cu iu kin loi II, ng t ca mnh iu kin chia bang thi cch (past
subjunctive), ng t ca mnh chnh chia th iu kin hin ti (simple
conditional). Ch : Bng thi cch (Past subjunctive) l hnh thc chia ng t ging
ht nh th qu kh n, ring ng t to be th dng were cho tt c cc ngi.
V d:

If I were a bird, I would be very happy. (Nu ti l mt con chim, ti s rt hnh

phc.) <= ti khng th l chim c

If I had a million USD, I would buy that car. (Nu ti c mt triu la, ti s mua
chic xe .) <= hin ti ti khng c

(3) Cu iu kin loi III

Khi nim v cu iu kin loi 3:

Cu iu kin loi III l cu iu kin khng c thc trong qu kh.

iu kin khng th xy ra trong qu kh, ch mang tnh c mun trong qu

kh, mt gi thit tri ngc vi thc trng qu kh.

Cu trc cu iu kin loi 3

If + S + had + P.P (qu kh phn t), S + would + have + P.P
- Trong cu iu kin loi III, ng t ca mnh iu kin chia qu kh phn t,
cn ng t ca mnh chnh chia iu kin hon thnh (perfect conditional). V d:

If he had come to see me yesterday, I would have taken him to the

movies. (Nu hm qua n n thm ti th ti a n i xem phim ri.)

If I hadnt been absent yesterday, I would have met him. (Nu hm qua ti
khng vng mt th ti gp mt anh ta ri.)

NNG CAO:
1. Cu iu Kin Din T Thi Quen Hoc Mt S Tht Hin Nhin
Cu iu kin ny din t mt thi quen, mt hnh ng thng xuyn xy ra nu iu
kin c p ng, hoc din t mt s tht hin nhin, mt kt qu tt yu xy ra.hc
ting anh
Cu trc: If + S + V (hin ti), S + V (hin ti)

Tt c ng t trong cu (mnh chnh v mnh iu kin) u c chia

th hin ti n.

Nu din t thi quen, trong mnh chnh thng xut hin thm: often,
usually, or always. V d:
o

I often drink milk if I do not sleep at night. (Ti thng ung sa nu nh

ti thc trng m.)

I usually walk to school if I have enough time. (Ti thng i b n

trng nu ti c thi gian.)

If you heat ice, it turns to water. (Nu bn lm nng nc , n s chy

ra.)

If we are cold, we shiver. (Nu b lnh, chng ta s run ln.)

2. Cu iu kin Hn hp:
Trong ting Anh c nhiu cch khc nhau c dng din t iu kin trong mnh
ch iu kin vi "If". Ngoi 3 loi chnh nu trn, mt s loi sau cng c s dng
trong giao tip v ngn ng vit:V d: If he worked harder at school, he would be a
student now. (He is not a student now) If I had taken his advice, I would be rich now.
3. Cu iu kin dng o.
Trong ting Anh cu iu kin loi 2/3, Type 2 v Type 3 thng c dng dng
o.
V d: Were I the president, I would build more hospitals. Had I taken his advice, I would
be rich now.
o ng ca cu iu kin
1.o ng cu iu kin loi 1: Should + S + Vo, S + Will +Vo

If he has free time, hell play tennis. => Should he have free time, hell play tennis

2. o ng cu iu kin loi 2: Were + S + to + Vo, S + Would + Vo

If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book. => Were I to learn Russian, I
would read a Russian book

3. o ng cu iu kin loi 3: Had + S + V3/Ved, S + Would have + V3/Ved

If he had trained hard, he would have won the match. => Had he trained hard,
he would have won the match.

If not = Unless.
- Unless cng thng c dng trong cu iu kin - lc Unless = If not. V d:

Unless we start at once, we will be late.

If we don't start at once we will be late.

Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exams.

If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exams.

Mt s bin th ca cu iu kin:
Sau y l bin th c th c ca cc cm ng t trong cc v ca cu iu kin loi I:
GI NH C THT (Real conditions)
LOI I
A. Bin th ca cm ng t trong mnh chnh (main clause)
- i vi trng hp mun nhn mnh tnh c th xy ra s vic
If + present simple, ... may/might + V-inf.
Ex. If the weather gets worse, the flight may/might be delayed.
- i vi trng hp th hin s ng , cho php, gi
If + present simple, ... may/can + V-inf.
Ex. If it stops raining, we can go out.
- i vi cu gi , khuyn rn, ngh hoc yu cu nhng nhn mnh v hnh ng
If + present simple, ... would like to/must/have to/should... + V-inf.
Ex. If you go to the library today, I would like to go with you.
If you want to lose weight, you should do some exercise.
- i vi trng hp mun din t hu qu tt yu ca iu kin t ra theo quy lut
hoc thi quen
If + present simple, present simple.
Ex. If you eat this poisonous fruit, you die at once.
If you boil water, it turns to vapor.
- i vi trng hp c th xy ra trong tng lai v nhn mnh trng thi din ra/hon
thnh ca s vic
If + present simple, future continuous/future perfect.
Ex. If we leave Hanoi for Hue today, we shall be staying in Hue tomorrow.
If you do your home work right now, you will have finished it in 2 hours' time.
- i vi cu mnh lnh (ch ng n mnh chnh)
If + present simple, (do not) V-inf.
Ex. If you are hungry, go to a restaurant.
If you feel cold, don't open the door.
- i vi cu khuyn rn, trong trng hp ny khng thc s l mt cu iu kin bi
"if" mang ngha nh "as, since, because"

If + present simple, why do (not) + V-inf.

Ex. If you like the movie, why don't you go to the cinema?
B. Bin th ca cm ng t trong mnh iu kin (if-clause)
- i vi trng hp ang xy ra ngay trong hin ti
If + present continuous, simple future.
Ex. If he is working, I won't disturb him.
If you are doing exercises, I shall wait.
If I am playing a nice game, don't put me to bed.(tng ng simple future)
- i vi trng hp khng chc v thi gian ca iu kin c tht m nhn mnh tnh
hon tt ca n
If + present perfect, simple future.
Ex. If you have finished your homework, I shall ask for your help.
- i vi cu gi nhng nhn mnh v iu kin
If + would like to + V-inf, ... will/can/must/nothing + V-inf.
Ex. If you would like to go to the library today, I can/will go with you.
- i vi cu ngh, gi , by t kin mang tnh lch s
If + can/may/must/have to/should/be going to + V-inf, simple future.
Ex. If I can help you, I will.
If I may get into the room now, I shan't feel cold.
If I must/have to take the oral test, I shall feel afraid.
If you are going to go to University, you must study hard before an entrance
examination.
If you should see her tomorrow, please tell her to phone me at once. (tng ng
probably)
Lu : Trong cu "if + subject + should + V-inf.", should c th c a ln u cu
thay "if"
Should + V-inf., simple future.
Ex. Should you see him on the way home from work, please tell him to call on me
Tng t nh vy, ta c mt s bin th t ph bin hn ca cm ng t i vi GI
NH KHNG C THC (unreal conditions loi II v III), tu vo vic mun nhn mnh
v trng thi din tin hay hon thnh ca s vic trong mnh iu kin hoc s
vic trong mnh chnh.
LOI II.
A. Mnh chnh (main clause)
- If + past simple, ... would/should/could/might/had to/ought to + be V-ing.
Ex. If we left Hanoi for Hue this morning, we would be staying in Hue tomorrow.
- If + past simple, past simple. (vic xy ra)
Ex. If the goalkeeper didn't catch the ball, they lost.
- If + past simple, ... would be + V-ing.
Ex. If I were on holiday with him, I would/might be touring Italy now.
- If dng nh "as, since, because" c th kt hp vi ng t nhiu th khc nhau
trong mnh chnh v khng thc s l mt cu iu kin.
Ex. If you knew her troubles, why didn't you tell me?
B. Mnh ph (if-clause)

- If + past continuous, ... would/could + V-inf.

Ex. If we were studying English in London now, we could speak English much better.
- If + past perfect, ... would/could + V-inf.
Ex. If you had taken my advice, you would be a millionaire now.
LOI III
A. Mnh chnh (main clause)
- If + past perfect, ... could/might + present perfect.
Ex. If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life.
- If + past perfect, present perfect continuous.
Ex. If you had left Hanoi for Haiphong last Saturday, you would have been swimming in
Doson last Sunday.
- If + past perfect, ... would + V-inf.
Ex. If she had followedmy advice, she would be richer now.
If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would be better now.
B. Mnh ph (if-clause)
- If + past perfect continuous, ... would + present perfect.
Ex. If it hadn't been raining the whole week, I would have finished the laundry
Cc trng hp dng "wish" th cng tng t, chia lm 3 loi, cch dng nh bn
NHH ni trn v c 1 s bin th tng t nh.
i vi trng hp "if" c s dng nh mt lin t dng bt u mt mnh
ph trng ng ch iu kin v thi gian, lc ny "if = when". Vy "if" v "when" khc
nhau th no?
- WHEN: c dng khi din t mt iu g chc chn xy ra.
Ex. I am going to do some shopping today. When I go shopping, I'll buy you some
coffee.
- IF: c dng khi din t mt iu khng chc chn (c th hoc khng th) xy ra
trong tng lai.
Ex. I may go shopping today. If I go shopping, I'll buy you some coffee.
Lu : ng t chnh trong mnh ph trng ng bt u bng "when" hoc "if" lun
th present simple mc d hnh ng s xy ra trong tng lai.
Ex. When/If he arrives tomorrow, I'll tell him about it

Bi tp thc hnh v Cu iu Kin

Lu : Bn c th ng k tham gia kho hc ting anh cho ngi mt cn bn ti
Academy.vn xem p n phn bi tp di y & luyn thm bi tp thc hnh cc
kin thc ting anh c bn . ng k ti y
REVISION OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
I- Choose the most suitable tense
1- I cant understand what he sees in her! If anyone treats / will treat / treated me like
that, I am / will be / would be extremely angry.
2- If you help / helped me with this exercise, I will do / would do the same for you one
day.
3- According to the timetable, if the train leaves / left on time, we will / would arrive at
5.30.
4- If it is / will be fine tomorrow, we go / will go to the coast.
5- If we find / found a taxi, we will get / would get there before the play starts.

6- Its quite simple really. If you take / will take / took these tablets every day, then
you lose / will lose / lost / would lose weight.
7- I dont like this flat. I think I will be / I am / Id be happier if I lived / live / will
live /would live in a house in the country.
8- I cant play football, but Im sure that if I will do / do / did, I play / will play / would
play a lot better than anyone in this awful team.
9- I phone / will phone / phone you tonight, are you / will you be / would you be in?
10- Why didnt you tell me? If you told / had told me, I had / would have helpedyou.
11- If Bill didnt stea l/ hadnt stolen the car, he werent / wouldnt be / hadnt beenin
prison now.
12- If Ann werent driving / didnt drive / hadnt driven so fast, her car didnt
crash /wouldnt crash / wouldnt have crashed into a tree.
13- Let me give some advice. If you smoked / would smoke / had smoked less,
youdidnt feel / wouldnt feel / wouldnt have felt tired.
14- What bad luck! If Alan didnt fall / hadnt fallen / wouldnt fall over,
he won / would win / would have won the race.
15- If you invited/had invited me last week, I was able/had been able/would have
been able to come.
16- Im sure your letter hasnt arrived yet. If it came/had come, Im sure
I noticed/hadnoticed/would have noticed it.
17- We have a suggestion to make. How do you feel/would you feel if
weoffered/would offer/had offered you the job of assistant manager.
18- If you lent/had lent us the money, we paid/would pay/had paid you back next
week.
19- I wish Peter doesnt live/didnt live/wouldnt live so far away from the town
center. Well have to take a taxi.
20- I feel rather cold. I wish I brought/had brought my pullover with me.
21- I wish you tell/had told/told me about the test. I havent done my revision.
22- Im sorry I missed your birthday party. I really wish I come/came/had
come/wouldcome.
23- I like my new boss but I wish she gave/would give/could give me some more
responsibility.
24- Having a lovely time in Brighton, I wish you are/were/had been here. Love, Mary.
25- A cheque is all right, but Id rather you pay/paid me cash.
26- If only I have/had/would have a screwdriver with me.
27- If you want to catch the last train, its time you leave/left
28- Id rather you dont tell/didnt tell anyone about our conversation.
29- Its high time you learn/learned to look after yourself.
30- Jean thinks that everyone likes her. If only she knows/knew what people say
behind her back.

Cu iu kin v cc cu trc lin quan

I/ Cc dng cu iu kin

1. LOI 1: If + S1 + V1(s/es), S2 + will + V1.

--> c th xy ra hin ti v tng lai.
Ex: If you are busy, we will go out in other time.
O: Should + S1 + V1(n) +O1, S2 + will + V2(n) + O2.
Ex: Should you be busy, we will go out in other time.
2. LOI 2: If + S1 + V2/ed/WERE ., S2 + would + V1
--> khng th xy ra HIN TI
Ex: If you studied hard, you would pass the exam.
If I were you, I would not behave like that.
O:
-C Were: Were + S., S2 + would + V1
- Ko Were: Mn were, a ng t v to inf
Were + S + to inf, S + would + V1
Ex: - Were you to study hard, you would pass the exam.
- Were I you, I would not behave like that.
3. LOI 3: If + S1 + had PP., S2 + would + have PP.
--> khng th xy ra qu kh.
Ex: If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I wouldn't have passed my exam.
O: Had + S1 + PP, S2 + would + have PP
Had my parents not encouraged me, I would not have passed my exam.
4. Cu iu kin hn hp: --> s kin tri vi qu kh dn n kt qu tri vi hin ti
Form: If + S1 + had PP, S2 + would + V1
Ex: If I had had breakfast before going to school, I would not be hungry now.
5. UNLESS: = IF NOT
Ex:
If he did not help me, I would not finish my homework.
= Unless he helped me, I would not finish my homework.
6. BUT FOR: (nu khng c) ~ WITHOUT ~ IF IT WERE NOT FOR/ IF IT HADN'T BEEN FOR...
- Cu iu kin tri vi hin ti
Without + noun
But for + noun , S+would/could+bare infinitive
Were it not for + noun
- Cu iu kin tri vi qu kh
Without+noun
But for+noun , S+would/could+have+Pii
Had it not been for+noun

Ex:
- he helps me everyday so I can finish my homework.
=> BUT FOR his daily help, I would not finish my homework
- teacher explained and we understood
=> WITHOUT teacher's explaination, we would not have understood.
II. MT S T C TH THAY IF TRONG CU K.
1. PROVIDED (that), ON CONDITION (that), AS LONG AS, SO LONG AS: (min l, vi iu kin
l...)
2. SUPPOSE, SUPPOSING: (gi s )
3.
- > IN CASE(that), IN THE EVENT (that) + clause: (trong trng hp)
- > IN CASE OF , IN THE EVENT OF + phrase
Cc cm t ny u s dng ch yu cho cc s kin tng lai.
- In the case you need me, I'll be at Tom's.
(Trong trng hp anh cn, ti s bn nh Tom).
- I'll be studying upstairs in the event he calls.
(Nu anh y gi th bo l t ang hc trn tng nh).
4. EVEN IF (d cho, thm ch nu nh)
Even if she studies hard, she won't pass the exam.
(C hc chm i na th c y cng s trt thi).
5. ONLY IF: ch trong trng hp iu g xy ra v ch khi th.
We'll give you your bicycle only if you do well on your exams
= Only if you do well on your exams will we give you your bicycle. (Ch khi con thi tt th b m mi
cho con xe p).
6. WHETHER OR NOT: d c hay ko
They won't be able to come whether or not they have enough money
= Whether they have money or not, they won't be able to come. (D c tin hay khng th h cng
s khng th n).
7. IF NOT: nu ko phi ni l, nu ko
Its a beautiful flower, if not the prettiest.
Are you ready? If not, I'm going without you.
8. OTHERWISE=OR (ELSE): Nu ko th (c ch if dc hiu ngm)
We must be back before midnight otherwise I will be locked out.
We must be early or (else) we won't get a seat.
We must be early; we won't get a seat otherwise